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MDCCCLXXXII. i COUNTY OF MINNEDOSA, MANITOBA. ■!« 22 ® « ® « 22 21 21 w S> 21 (S) 22 ri 22 E X 21 ® 20 ® _/li2(r ® 20 "^ 21 T/f/cr s^MajM: 30|292diZ7 19 ;zo:2i 18 17! 16 89 5 4 3 t'nsed with. *' The Indians have now vanished from their old hunting,' grounds," appearing oidy at certain seasons for the jturposo of hunting deer, Muski'af and Mink. "Where the Indian so recently maintained a precarious existence, there are ])opidous villages, fast merging into towns, the clink of the hanuner Is hoai'd in the foi'ge and the rush of the stream from the mill-dam tells of agi'iculture and connuerce. The Indians themselves have hecome lahourers, they have been removed to large reserves, and have heen raised iiito the dignity of cultivators, many of them have houses in place of wigwams, they have schools and churches, they have, in short, heen adopted into the great family of civilized man." A letter written hy cx-CJovernor Seymour, of New ^'ork, to Senator Beck, of Kentucky : — Mr. Seymour not long since visited Manitoba, antl went about twr> hundred miles west of Winnipeg; and in his letter to the Kentuckiau senator he relates what he there witnessed, " I saw," he says, " thousands and thonsands of acres of wheat, clearing 40 bushels to the ;icre, weighing G3 and 65 pounds to the bushel, and was assured by undoubted authority that on Peace Uiver, 1200 miles nortii-wcst of where I was, wheat was being produced in innnense quantity eciual to the best I saw in Winnipeg, while great herds of cattle were being fed without cost on as fine grassy lands as the world allbrda. fn short, between our noith-westcrn line of 45 degrees and 54 degrees 40 mins. there is a country owned by P^ngland with greater grain and stock growing capacity than all the lands on the Baltic, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean cond)iued. The land laws of Canada are now as liberal as ours as to the homestead pre-emption and pre-claims. l^eople are crowding there rapidly, and towns are springing uj) as if hy magic." These facts are not novel to Englishmen, but they come with special force in the writing of a distinguished American, who has no interest in " cracking up " the resources of the British Empire. No more prosperous and rapidly rising centre is to be found in Manitoba than Minnedosa. N. D. E, M [ Uiitiinilly lortli-NNcsf lit (rcjuutry iucrouHiii;; otic. TIki Sir .loliii i; one ycai' jg, now it bc( a coH- e |)cr (lay, liiturinl I Di- or Miuuo- iipplictl to f, U8 yet al grounds," ting doer, intiiinod a nto towns, tlio stream 10 Indian.i I to large s, many of 1 churclies, ized man," :o Senator bout two entuckiau lie says, I bushels and was [iOO miles immense s ot" eattle d allbrda. 4 degrees grain and Mack Sea, re now as reoi)Ie 1/ marfic" til special nterest in Manitoba \. D. E. IMPORTANT TO INTKNOINO Sl-TTLKKS IN MANITOIU. Tlio Bishop of the Diocoso of lliipert's Tjand, at the Meeting of the Synod on November 21tli, 1S8(», at \Viio,i[)eg, spoke as follows : — *' Let me review what has passed before our eyes in the past ten years. Then there was only one vilhige in the country with about three hundred of n ]»opulation. ThiM-e was scarcely a house a (piartur of a mile from lied Kiver or the Assinii)oiiie Kiver. Tcj-day we iiavc a country I'JO miles in breadth l)y 20(> miles in length, covered with small settlements, being dotted over with homoisteads -and yet this country is but the gateway to the vast region of fertile land beyond. The village of 300 people has become a city of 12,000 inhabitants, with a business that is perha])s only exceeded now by six or eii^ht cities in the whole Dominion. A year ago the duties i)aid on imports made \Vinni[)eg the eighth city as a port of entry in C.'aiiada. P>ut a year has done much in Winnipeg. This i)ast year has seen nearly three hundred houses wholly or partially built, at a, cost of neai'ly a million of dollars. In 1S70 there were established nineteen ])ost ollices. There are now nearly one hundred und fifty. ]f we measured our progress by the common schools we should tind Ji like result, lint we know the life and growth of this country are yet scarcely comnuniced. We have heard of many going to Dak(»ta. Why is this? There is not better kiiul there than here. There is not a better climate. There are not, 1 am certain, better- - I doubt much if there are ecpial educational advantiiges there. 1 believe the main reasons to be that these parts of the States have been hitherto nearer emigration and open easily to railways. r»ut we understand that this country will shortly have the fullest railway connection. The railway to Lake Su])erior for over four hundred miles t(j the east of us is to be Hnisheil within a year fnmi next July. In two years more the railway is to be carried across our fertile ])rairies for nearly eight hundred miles to the west of us, to the Itocky Mountains. ^\'e know what that means. It means that we must look for an ever- increasing emigration.'' On the occasion of the next Annual Synod, held at Winnipeg, on the 23rd November, 1881, the Bishop addressed his hearers as follows : — " When T addressed the last meeting of Synod, 1 spoke of the rapid growth of the country, the changes this gi'owth was bringing with it, and 8 the deepening responsibility of our position. But the past year has not only witnessed a greater ])rogress still — a ])rogress beyond our past experience — but a progress beyond all expectation. This progress has not been so much in the atlditional immigration, considerable as that has been, as in the rise in the value of lan lually with white and Indian — the observance of the Lord's Day — the ettbrcs, entirely, I believe, without precedent, made by the various religious bodies to afford the opportunities of worship to the new settlements — the colleges and the educational system of the Province — I cannot but think that there will soon be an end of these colonies, and that our countrymen will be naturally drawn to our own land. T am advising the society to give the grant that has been hitherto given to Headingly, to a district of which Gladstone would be one centre. I have for years been endeavouring to obtain a grant for this district from the Colonial and Continental Church Society, but from want of I 9 r has not our past gress has that has sr places, is being that are ilts ; but harvest. i'cuiences lave been the land ipression. xcellency and his country, jects. jvidently I of next t Pacific 3 prairies unnipeg, B coming Superior irections. perience. nduction loagh — es — and ese facts most of speak las ever t. T'he in the United unques- i\n — the without tunities cational n be an drawn litherto centre. district ivant of funds they have not been able to do this, fiidccd, there grant to this diocese was reduced this year by £-"). 1 uui not. however, certain, till inquii'V be nuide. under what circutustances tlie church would now enter this district. With so many disti'icts iniju'ovided for we nuist select those where we shall be met by substantial help. Failing (Uadstone, thei'c could be an important district formed partly out of the present Itapid (.'ity district with ^linucdosa as one centre. T hope, however, in view of the u'reat extent of country l)eing settled, the society may arrange for our having another grant, so that we may have both districts. We have a clerj^yman in view as the missionary. The ilev. (J. Tunibull, who resides in the h'apid City luron. It has been proposed to place a missionary at Quebec to receive the coming inunignuits. I have no doubt that, if there was oston, in Massachusetts. It is the moisture in tiie atmosphere will make cold tell, and the Englishman who, with the thermometei- at zero, would in his moist atmosphere l)e shivering, wonld here find one flannel shirt sufficient clothing while working." Mr. Laidlaw has said : — " ,Iust think of it, a man can earn the fee simple of an a(;re of land, ready for the plongh, that will grow 40 bushels of wheat to the acre for every day he works next season, The settler can get about a pound sterling per day for a pair of horses and a man, us soon as he gets his tent })itched or honse bnilt, and the labouring man can get six or seven shillings per day on the railway works as soon as h(^ can lict hi.i " dunnage " off the train. Compare the future pi'osj)ects of the people on the shores of the St. Lawrence, in those fishing hamlets away down to the gulf, with those of the emigrants on one of the Allan ships bound up past them for land in the North-West ! A man out of every house down there should start for his new homestead with the spi'ing." The following is an extract from Sir John A. Macdonald's speech, delivered at Toronto, 23rd November, this year, 1881 : — " We believe the land is capable of receiving every settler we can get, and giving him a fidl grant, and at the same time of allowing us to sell a sufficient quantity to repay every cent, that the four old provinces of Canada ever expended, or will ex})end, in opening up that country and in building the railway. We are going religiously to hold to the homestead and free grant system of giving every head of a family and every man of eighteen yeai's and upwards, upon his becoming a settler, 160 acres of as fine land as the sun ever shone upon. All he has got to do is to settle upon and work it, and after three years' occupation, if he % amanding easurcless 'uptioii of is a great id flowers, t a yellow over the ywlicre to earct'ully doru the s we hear ^da. it. will be cherish in mate was orth-West h, and the istcrod by I the cold )()ston, in nake cold I, would in luiel shirt rn the fee 40 bushels 'he settler id a man, labouring S.S as soon le future in those igrants on •th-AYest ! loniestead 's speech, e can get, us to sell evinces of intry and 1 to the imily and a settler, las got to 1 1 u builds a house (and we will not be particular as to the size and ([uality), and has cultivated a reasonable ])ortion of the soil, ho uets his patent free, and will stand one of the freeholders of tiiis great country of freehohiers. ((Cheering.) AVe are going to aid colonization conipanies who show they have tiie capital, that they metui business, and that they do not intend to hecon^e mere middlemen and to speculate at the exj)ense of the immigrant l)y holding the lands at a high price. We will, I say, assist such companies who will give ti ■ necessaiy guarantees to the (jiovernmont that they are in earnest, and that they mean to bring the immigrant and })ut him on the land, (Cheering.) Tiicn. gentlemen, we lU'e going to sell certain port inns of that land, and fund tlie ])rocee(ls, and out of those proceeds we are going to pay tiie interest, and ultimately the princi])al, of every dollar that the Dominion of Canada has cxj)ended or will exjiend in building the railway and developing the country. The following is a .-lUmmary of Mr. lliggar's opinion of Manitoba :• — ■ •' As Manitoba is onlv the bcuinniii!'' of tiie immense extiuit of fertile count ly which extends to the foot of the Itocky Mountains, we can hardly du more than say that we have had our foot in the north-west. The British i)ossessions in North America ai'e larger than the whole of Kuro])e, and larger than the United States, witliout Alaska : and as the wheat region throui^h which the Canada Pacific Uailway will pass is esti- mateil to contain lOO million acres, the Canadians may well lie enthusiastic over their possessions. None of the delegates went west of llapid City, but the country south to the Assinihoine is rejiorted good dry land, water good, and tindiei' sc.-i.rce. At Shoal Lake, forty miles north-west, the land is similar, and on to Fort Ellice and the Touchwood Kills. At h^dmonton, 850 miles the land is said to- ])e midulating and of the finest description, and those who have visited the Peace River describe it as the finest country of the whole, and say that notwithstanding its high latitude it grows wheat well, while, ov.nig to its situation on the east slope of the liocky Mountains, the climate is much milder than in much lowc-r latitudes. But I may say that while it is in the same latitude as Scotland, the summer is similar to that of Belufium. The land is surveyed in sections of a mile S(piare, or 640 acres ; half of these sections, corresponding to the white scjuares of ;i draught board, are reserveil as railway lands, and sold at fixed prices according to distance from the line of railway. I'he sections corresponding to the black scpiares are reserved as free grant lands, each settler receiving 160 acres on payment of a nominal sum, and with power to buy I GO more on easy terms, the pric(^ varying from ,S'l to J^'2•, per acre. On the whole, Mr. Biggar wus favourai)ly impressed with Manitoba. No one could doubt that tliere was a great future before the country. ■-i^A<:^^^f5<^(9'^;?- — • ion, if he 4 I 12 OUR PROSPEROUS FARMERS. * Rapid City Standard, Dec. 2nd, 1881. A grc , i-eat deal has been said of the excellent crops reported on every side this year, but of course no adequate idea of the prosperous condition of our farmers could be obtained until the threshers had been their rounds. In this neighbourhood nearly all the grain has now been threshed, and the large estimates formed of the yield have been verified in almost every case. The gentlemen who went through the country on Monday and Tuesday last, in order to ascertain the feeling of the settlers in regard to the municipal election, all bring back similar accounts of the prosperity and contentment existing among our farmer friends. In every case wliere there has been an ordinary amount of energy put forth the return has been most encouraging. Farms that would be considered small in Ontario — that is so far as the broken or cultivated part is concerned — have yielded one thousand bushels of all kinds of grain, while there aie many larger ones whose owners have two thousand bushels and upwards as the result of a season's work. In addition to all this there has been a very profitable return in vegetables, some of the potato crops running as high as six hundred bushels to the acre. The gentlemen referred to had occasion to call at a large number of houses and not one has a word of discoi.'cntment to report. Most of the people having been in the country two or three years, the first and worst hardships of pioneer life have been overcome. Instead of the low-roofed shanty we see comfortable leg houses and warm stables and cattle sheds, while very frequently the forethought of the settler is shown in a belt of native trees planted around the house and garden, so as to form a partial shelter from the keen winds of winter and a beautiful shade from the sun's scorching rays in summer. To one who has had an opportunity to watch the gradual development of a new settlement in the backwoods of Ontario, the astonishing result of less than four years' work in this neighbourhood is almost incredible. It proves beyond a doubt that men possessing a very small amount of the energy and determination requisite to overcome the hardships of pioneer life in the backwoods, may come here, and for a couple of years' industry and perseverance, obtain what would cost them many years of hard labour in a country less favourably situated. There is no weary and toilsome chopping and stumping to be done here. 'Y\\q rich virgin soil, already cleared, yields readily to the plough, and the settler may, if he arrives early in the Bpring, have a crop the first year sufficient to meet a large part of his expenses. We have in the Little Saskatchewan district men who have lived in all parts of the world, and it is the opinion of one and all that no other country on the face of the globe offers such advantages to the emigrant as are offered by Manitoba and the North-West, and certainly the general prosperity and contentment prevailing in our midst leads us to conclude that they are right. ■ The Rapid City Standard and North-West Advocate is published every Frldiiy, contains the latest news Ironi the East, and is ably edited by Mr. W. Gibbons, late of the Ottawa Citizen stafl'. 13 MANITOBA AND DAKOTA. n every side condition of lieir rounds, reshed, and Imoat every londay and •s in regarci 8 prosperity every case \ the return 3d small in oncerned — e there are ad upwards re has been )p8 running referred to one has a ing been in I of pioneer ity we see while very t of native tial shelter I the sun's ty to watch ckwoods of )rk in this doubt that ermination 3ackwoods, rseverance, a country 3pping and red, yields arly in the part of his who have id all that i<::es to the certainly st leads us , contiiiiiH the Citizen stall'. COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE FOR SETTLEMENT. In a letter to the London Times of October 20th, a correspondent institutes a comparison of the advantas^cs wliieli Manitoba and Dakota otl'or to the emigrant from tiio old world. Aftor (pioting at some length from letters of settlers in the two provinces, the correspondent proceeds : — (iranting tiiat both Manitoba and Dakota are c(|ually well adapted for settlement, there is a consideration which emigrants from (Jrcat Britain and Canada to the latter ougiit to bear in mind, hi Manitoba, any citizen of the British l^mpire who is tlic liead of ii family, or who, being .1, male, is 18 years of age, can obtain a homestead of IGO aci'es on paying an office fee of ,S'10, cultivating a pai't of tlie land during three years, and erecting a dwelling upon it I(Sft, hmg and IGft. wide. Tiie settler may lie absent from his homestead for six months in each vear out of three, while, if his familv remain on and cultivate it •'to a reasouiible extent," he may bo absent timing the whole term. He has a right to pre-en)pt another 100 acres- -that is, become the absolute owner of the land at a price vaiying from £3G to £84, payment being made in instalments spread over six years, and he may also obtain IGO acres conditionally on paying the office foe of ,^'10 and ])lanting a certain portion of the land with trees during the term of three years. In Dakota and all other i)ai'ts of the I'nitcd States where (Jovernment land is unoccupied a settler who is the head of a family, or who has attained the age of twenty-one, can obtain IGO acres under the Ibnnestead Act. He must pay a fee of $l;0, erect a house on the land 18ft. by IGft., cultivate a ])art of it during five years, and not be absent from the homestead for six months consecutively. The ])ro- visions about pre-em])ting an additional IGO acres are substantially the same in Canada and the United States. In both an alien must become naturalized befo-e pai'ticipating in the benefits of the Homestead Act. An alien, if a citizen of the British Empire, who desires a homestead in Dakota begin by making the following declaration on oath . — "I, A. B., do (Icdaro on oiitii tliat it is &«?*« /(V/r my intention to hecoine a citizen of the ITniled ."i^taU-s, iiiui 1o renounci; forever all alle^iancL' and fidelity to all and every foreiirn rriuee, rotetitatc, State and Sovereiirntj- wliaiever, and. particularly to Vicioria, Queen of the United Kiuf^iloni of Great Britain and Ireland." At the expiry of five years, and l)efore the alien can obtain a patent for his homestead, ho has to take the following oath : — •• I, A. B., do solemidy swear that I will support tlie ei institution of the United States, and that I do absolutely and entirely renounce and ailjurc all allegiance and tiilelity to every foreit^a I'rince, Potentate, State or Sovereignty whatever, and (iarticuiarly to Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and [reland, of whom 1 was formerly a subject." 14 The alien who bears title of nobility nmst, in addition to taking the foi'C"'oin<^ oath, formally rononncc .siicli title <»r distinction. Any alien can obtain a homestead in Manitoba on applying for it in the ordinary way. ftilfilHng the prescribed condition.s, ap])earing in conrt at the end of three years, and taking, fii'st, the following oath of residence : — " I, A. 15., do swear (or iiilirni) lliut I liavc ivsiilcd years in tliis Dominion, with intent to settle, therein, without having l)een durinji that time a stated resident in any foreign couMtry.'' , and, second, the following oath of allegiance : — " I, A. B., do sincerely i)romise and swear (or affirm) that T will l)ear faithful and true allej^iance to Her Majesty (Jut;en Vietuiia, as lawful Sovereisjjn of the United Kinjidom of Great Britain and Ireland an. .f the Dominion of (Canada, dependent on and belonf^iiii^- to the said Unileailey, and one hears tiiem in all diivctions- - on the wayside, at the lire-side, in the vill;i;^o store, or wherever you meet the man of bone and brain who eame hei'e, and so recently, from Huron, r.ruee, Ijamltlon, \'ictoria, and other counties in the ^loi-ioiisly iidvniiced I'l-oviuee of Ontario. ot to be J really in the s in the n of the as now, iality at d more, L' a plan 6^ feet, ipacious of his several 8 more Ihere to rother met at ,dfe and [quarter I have Id of 40 )arley." le of us I Bailey, md his W' A (iKNKUOUS YIHLl,> hV TUl': SOU.. I could not furnish a more full and correct account of our soil and its products than is told in the tbliowiiiL^' statement, handed to me by an intelligent resident whose ac(iuantanee cannot fail to be interesting; to the traveller, and with wliom the Mar(|ui^ of l.onie conversed at much length on the resources and j)r(jspects <4'the country. Yield of ^rain. roots, and ve,ii'etal)les from II. (\ ("lay's market uardeii at llajjid (Jity Manitoba, whicii was visited b}' His Kxcellency the (iovernor-General while the cro[)s were growing :-- r>ii>lieN Tcr Acre. White Australiiui oats sl' Itlack Tjirtiitiiiui oats ... ... ... ... ... ... ... TiO Wliitc llussian wh 'at -I'.i Native (H)ra ■ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ito Swede tiii'iiijis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... s.")!) l.(»ti<; wiiit(! ciirrots ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (lOO Su^'iir heel.s ... "SO Maii?los !t7n rotati.es 440 Ta'ol'- carrots -loo Table beets ."/)() Onions, on oiic-cifrlitli of an aire ... ... ... ... '.Mi Ijnshcl-i Cabbages as regards flavour were unsurpassed, but to ensure size and solidity must l)e forced under glass, or in tJie house, and set out in the middle of June. (Jelery, for flavour, tenderness, and freeness from rust, cannot be equalled, but tlie plants must be set out not later than the 20th of June. The want of growth in the fall necessitates the early setting of all such plants. The growth of horse-radish, rhubarl), and similar j)lants would astonish a non-resident of the country. Apple, pear, and |)lum trees, of which there are some 200, attained wonderful growth, some of them making 18 and 22 inches of new wood. But fruit trees to do well must be acclimated. The al)ove came from Minnesota, the climate of which is like our own, with the exception of the heavy gales of wind, which, fortunately, are not so jirevalent here as there. All of the above was gnjwn upon land which lias been cropped for seven years without the use of fertilizers of any kind. -MILLING ENTEIU'HLSKS. The benefit of mills to a new settlement is inestimable. To Oeorge Balkwill and Robert Mcintosh Ilapid City is indebted for tlie first mills on the Little Saskatchewan. The grist mill of Mr. Balkwill commenced B 18 oporatioiiH curly iu 1S70, nixl utoiuhI tliat yi'nr S,(iO(» liiisli.'ls, l:i>,t ye;ir •JO.OOO, iind it is cstiiimted that tin- work <»f tlii.s yt'iir will not 1)0 Ic8s tlmii :K),0()0. During winter not lt>sH tliaii 7(»() hiislids .'ire ground ouch w(U'k for cuHtotncrn. Mr. Tlioinus [iCU lutoly urrivod hero from Seufortli, Ontario, and has entered into i)artnt'rslii|. with Mr. I^dkwill to erect a second mill on the opixtsite side of the river, of;')!) horsepower, to he in readiness, us they expect, for the work of the next harvest. EXTF.NT 01' HE ''city." This tolls plainly of the rapid evtcnsion of our farming inreivsts, and j)romiscs well for the early cnlargemeiit oi" our "city." At present the population does not exceed 400, residences 80, general stores four, stock varying from .S4,0(»f) to $7,000, one hardware store, with an exeelloiit stock valued at. .^8.0(10 ; we hav(! also two grocery stores, one jewellery shop, three blacksmiths, one hulcher, one haker, two lively stahles. five excellent boarding houses, bordering on the rank of hotels, five imple- ment depots, and a pumj) factory. Tho learned professions are adetpuitcly re|)reseiited~ -four clergvmou to minister to c(»ngregati()ns. respectively of tho (Jhurch of I'aiglaml. Presbyterians, W'osloyans, and Jia])tists ; one excellent medical practitioner, one shrewd lawyer, and two conveyancers. KDUC.VTION.Vr, .MATTKRS, The Public School, established under the Manitoba Suhoid Act, i> respectable, and ])romises to be hiL>hly useful. The average attendance is not less than forty, and is likely s(jon to increase. On the day of my visit the appearance of the; school was. indeed, intelligent, happy, and healthful. IMic teacher is a lady from Ontario, competent, iind of high character. The school district has lately been assessed at $200,000. Prairie College (Baptist) of which yon will have heard, is situated in this vicinity, on an elevated and must pleasing site. It dates not further back than March, 1880, but for the brief period of its existence nuich has been done. A GOOD aver.u;e. Mr. Hogg, who is threshing with a steam machine in the neigh boiu'hood of the Big Bend, reports that so far the average yield of the wheat crops he has threshed out has been over thirty bushels to the acre. He says tho majority of the farmers have grown more wheat than anv other class of grain. I I I THE LITTLE SASKATCHEWAN LANDS OFl'lCE. We have been furnished with the following official statement (.»f the business done at the Dominion Lands Office, at Odanah, during the year ending 31st October, 1881, through the kindness of the agent. ^Ir, A. E. Fisher. The amount of land disposed of is exceedingly large and gives a good idea of the rapidly increasing settlement in this section. .■# J 'Is, lii.st voiir 11 not, 1)0 loss yroiiiitl ouch oiii Soiifortli, ill to erect a wei', to 1)0 in 10 I crests, and Di'oscnt tjje s four. (Stock an excellont a.' ii'wollorv stables, five 1, tivo inijjle- fessions are n<4Teii'ations. slovans, and lawver, and liool Act, is ' attendance 2 (lav of my happy, and and of hiy^li it $2(10, (M)(). s situated in t dates not ts cxistoiice the nei^^h- viold of t!ic >hcls to the wlicat thai) oJ!l!:^U:Z:i '■""'■ ^'■»'-'^"-- °'«- .>unn, the ,e.. ...„„« I'll -rliijdioii.s Hjilus Total tli;<[iosfi(l (.,[■ Juij>i\/ ('it, I Standard. Acros. .,( A ml las>,ansarep.,nri„gi„,,n>aiM. In. c.-huuk-r, too. trom regions cold An.i ( anada's so„,s both stroiiir ;,n section. .SUCXL'.'j-.SI'CI. FAli.MIXo. i/^ keeps no hired help and ha, a • ./ / 7 , ' '^^"^'"^ ^ «^^'<»»d crop. r GENERAL HINTS, &c. 'riic iliiniitx' is spoken of us objcctioiifiljlc. IIcm'o it is — A wot Kpriii^', u Rlirt?t and hot Hiinnnor,!i short Mutinnn or Fmhuii siiniin((r,iuif cluthinjjf of a li;^'ht material wide-ltrinnned hats of eoiiunon straw, covered with a lii;ht netting' to pull over the face and neck when attacked by the trouhlesonie nios- (jnitocs. l''or winter wear 1 cannot i-econn)ieiid hotter than Rcotch oi- Irish frie/e, with strongly made donhle jraitcrs of same, covered with wat(\vlh of iiii; is sodii 1 li;irve8l')(] 1 jL^'ood cast oil thc! 2Uli mlity. \\i mutcrial, b netting' to lesonio iiioH- otch or Irish 1 wiitcrproof •, fiiUicres to lisauTeoal)le. or buskin of :h or woollen lollcn Kliirts, 1 of. If you is made, or a K)(lc of doing ted country, settler who luy comforts 1 or :it home, [iter while on hcse robes — y buffalo —all ither. Good ly Company's d bring both marsh, creek, ; while the distantly met idish or Irish home in tiic 21 The fencing is made ttf poplar, which abollnd^ everywhere along the vidley of the liittle Saskatchewan Kiver, and on tin' open prairies lilntfs t»t' this timhci' are t'vervwhei*i> met with. The fence rails iire u'enei'allv choppetl in winter. I'uttini; up snake fi-ncing is nipiil work, and in piislieij forward wit!i vii'our, as the catthi i-oaiuing wild on the prairies do much daiiiagt? to ;,'rowin',' I'rops where tlu're is n(» fem-ing. I'raiiie fires cause much dnimige t(» graiiistaoks anwth of all cro[)S. The rapid development of the country ainl the establishment of villages will for years to (!ome cause a demaii I for mechanical hilionr. ('arpijiiters and smiths, i)ricklayers and jjlasterers, when not working oil theii- own lands, t'ould net remunerative wa'.;cs. Thcie is aniple room for saw-niills, urist mills, and general warehouses all over this vast continent. Tlio.-,c already established are getting more custom than they can attend to. I have paid close attention to old si'ttler's statements as to the amount of money necessary to start farminu in this country. Unless an old cv)iintry farmer has at least £2(1(1 he will find it very uphill work for the first few yi'ars. Of course we have here, as there tire in till countries, thos(> remarkal)le fellows who live on the wind and seem to grow fat on it. One man, after choosini;' his land and paying the fee, had just ten cents (od.) in the world. llcworki'(l on. getting small c)'e figure. This was two years ago. The man is now in comfortal)le circumstances, and being jack o\' all trades, has erected one of the best stables between lied River and the Little Saskatchewan. His wife, an native of Ireland, is well able to ])rovidc' an excellent meal and entertain her guests with side-si)litting anecdotes. -J Ui i' O^c •)0 GREAT WANT OF SKILLED ARTISANS IN MANITOBA. Land 'Did Water, lO/Zi Nnvoihrr, 1881. The tollowiiii; is an oxti-iu.'t from a letter recently received from a coi respondent in Wiiniipug', ^vllich will no doubt interest those who have thinights of emigration : - '•' livery day in the papers, and at the em- ])loyment ag-cncies, and in the shop windows, advertisements ask for carpenters, painters, niasons, labourers, etc.. and they cannot be had. Only the other day a gentleman said he hud paid a man 2 dollars 50 cents (10s, ad.) per cord for sawing and splitting wood, and then could only keep him half-a-dny, or a day at most. 1 liave not the slightest doubt that if l',000 or 13,000 labourers were to arrive here to-morrow they could all find em])loymcnt inside of twenty-four hours on the various railways, on farms, and on the city woi-ks, and at wages of 2 dollars .50 cents per da}-. . . For lack of carpenters and masons, buildings that should have been done long ago are still unfinished, and in some cases men are now w^orking night and day at them in order to get them done as soon as possible. . . Carpenters get 2 dollars to 3 dollars 50 cents. (Tis. 6d. to 14s. 7d,) per day ; bricklayers, 5 dollars to 7 dollars (20s. to 29s. 2d.) per day ; and their attendants, 2 dollars 50 cents. (10s. 5d.); farm la))ourers get from 25 dollars to 30 dollars (£5 4s. 2d.) ])er month and board ; servant girls, from 12 dollars to 25 dollars (£2 10s. to .£5) per month and board ; and cooks, from 50 dollars to 75 dollars (£10 to .£15) per month and board. . . General servants can get good situations at any time ; also cooks. A liberal sprinkling of mechanics will be wanted ; and just to give an idea of the demand for girls, I may say that one of our city papers estimated that if 1,000 were to come here they could all be provided with situations." In Minnedosa, llapid City, and Brandon, the same scarcity of help was experienced all through the months of August, September, and October this year. Ivxpert workmen could earn on the average £1 sterling per day. While excell(iiit board and lodging could be had for 25s. per week at Brandon, and for 20s. per week at Minnedosa or llapid City. HOUSE BUILDING. It should be borne in mind that all the houses in this country are occupied not by tenants, dependants, or serfs, as in many parts of Kuropc, but by indu.strious and intelligent farmers and mechanics, the bone and sinew of the land, who own the ground upon which they stand, build their houses for their own use, and arrange them to satisfy their own peculiar wants, and gratify their own tastes. Owing to the severity 23 OBA. 1 from a vho have L the em- s ask for bo had. 2 dollars and then I not the •rive here Diir hours at wages I masons, hed, and 1 order to dollars to 5 dollars 2 dollars 30 dollars dollars to ;, from 50 General A liberal n idea of papers all be Brandon, months workmen excellont and for untry are parts (jf anics, the ey stand, sfy their 3 severity of the winter, every farmers house or shanty should be provided with a good cellai". This collar is entered by a •'trap-door" in the floor of the •' cxovy day room." Cellars vary in size according to the rc(]uircments of tlie family. A liouse IG by 20 feet insklc could have one li! l»y IG feet, G feet deej) or deeper according to the soil. In this all vegetables, : seeders, from 810 to .Sr)0 ; reapers and mowers combined, 8140 to ,-<200 ; horse hay rakes. $;]0 to .$■">": waggons, from ^1') to .?!()(); fi'aming mills, %'M) to -Slo. And all ndnor agricultural implements arc as low in price as in ^\'innipeg. Articl<\s of food can lie jjurchiised at reasonable rates : — Tea, 50 cents to 75 cents per lb. ; sugar, 7 His. for one dollar. ; bacon. 15 cents to 20 cents; Flour, from $2 to $3.75 per 100 lbs. according to season. Ueatly-made clothing is always on liand at any of the stores. TOWNSHIP 13, RANGE 17. This township is in the south-east cornei- of the County, is ])artly rolling and partly timbered prairie; good stock-raisiim land. 'Pond ludes arc not as numerous as in some of the townships iuunediatelv north. Nearly all the railway lands, or the odd mind)ered sections, are vacant in this township, and the Hudson's Bay hnuls. 1120 acres, all good, arc also vacant. 20 TOWNSHIP 14, RANGE 17. This township lies north of the iibovo township 13. and, if anything, is less aihipted to taniiini;- than the townshij) first described. However, many excellent farms are here. Is good for stock, hay being in abundance. This townshii) eoi-ners on Minnedosa, the market town, llailway lands arc vacant in this township — a few homesteads and all the Hudson's Vy,\y ('(jnipany's lands are vacant. TOWNSHIP 15, RANGE 17. This townshij) is well supplied with ])0])lar, pai'ticularly the south half. 'Part of the town of Minnedosa joins the south-west corner (Tanner's erossinii) where the Little Saskatchewan llivcr forms an elbow, and runs west. This township is well watered by creeks and pond holes, and not a few lakes. Is excellent farming- land when clear of timber and scrub, ^lany large farms are alread}' in full swing in the township, the most prominent being that of Mr. Thomas Macnutt, where nearly 150 acres are under cultivation. A great deal of good railway lauvl is vacant in this township. The Hudson's Bay (,'ompany has 1 120 acres open for sale here. TOWNSHIP 16, RANGE 17. This township is well suited for farming and stock-raising purposes. Is well watered by creeks, and many good farms are in operation, amongst them those of Messrs. Campbell, Lowry, (Jibson, and Jackson, Timber (pojjlar) is also well and evenly distributed. Minnedosa is the market town. Nearly all the railway land, and 1120 acres of Hudson's Bay land is vacant in the townships — all good. TOWNSHIP 17, RANGE 17. This township is nearly all " brush ; " a great deal of poplar, and very little open farming land. This scrubby land, wdien once got under cultivation, is excellent land, very strong soil ; very often four feet of black leaf loam, with sand and clay bottom. Unless high and well- drained, prolongs growth, and prevents carl}- maturity, in time to escape the early frosts of autunm. For stock, this township is fairly favoured. The Hudson's Bay Company has 1120 acres open for sale. TOWNSHIP 18, RANGE 17. This township occupies the north-east corner of the county of Minnc- d(3sa. Is well timbered with po])lar and willow scrub. Few settlers have as yet ventured in here. Tho Hudson's Bay Company has 1120 acres open in this township. ,-«- H •J 7 uiything, i« Hovvevor. y licing in arkct town, jads and all 3 south half, er (Tauncr'8 w, and runs lies, and not r and scrub, ip, the most ly 150 acres is vacant in ;res open for ng purposes. 11 operation, uid Jackson, icdosa is the of Hudson's poplar, and ce got under four feet of gh and well- me to escape •ly favoured. y of Minnc Few settlers liny has 1120 TOWNSHIP 13, RANGE 18. There aiv no honiestCiids vacant in this township, and ninch of the railway land is taken u|). Mny all l)i' el issi'i] as rollinii prairie, with hero and there a "bhitf" of jxiphii' and willow. (Jorxl liay meadows everywhere. The Miidscn IViy (.'mnpany has 11 l'*) acres open in this townshi]). all e.xcellent land. TOWNSHIP 14, RANGE iS. The Little Saskatchewan Uiver orosses the north-west corner of this township. Some good ianns are in o|)eration hero : and althoni^h the township is very innch cut up l)y pojid holes, they do not seem to inter- fere nnu'h with or impede tiie energetic Ontai'io men, jndging from the many straw ricks everywhere to he seen, and surrounded hy a fair type of cows and oxen and general stock. In the north-west corner is the farm of Mr. Archibald Hare. .Mr. Hare is one (jf the earliest settlers, being the first whitt; man ])ossessed of the courage to select a home in the valley ot the Little Saskatciiewan, Is known as the ''s([uare man," being very scrupulous and honest in all his dealings — a rare virtue in a new conntiT. He is the founder of Hare's Cross- ing, now called Rose Valley. Land prospectors should give him :; call. See letter — page 10. The eastern side of this t()wnshi[» is cu. up by numerous pond holes, the constant home of the wild duck during spring, sunnner, and autumn. Between these pond holes and po[)lar and hazel " bluflfs" the long hay grass called '• rcl-top," and the [)ea vine and vetch, grow thick, and pedestrians find progress ditlicult din'ing the months of ,Jnly and August. This description of the hay and pea vine and vetch ai)})lies to all the land in the county of Minnedosa, more or less. Here lives the " Armagh man," who sent a special message to his countrymen at home not to be afraid to come and select homes here. " He had," he said, " thatched his iiouse when the thermometer was 25 behjw zero, and did not feel cold 1" His Kxcellency the Manjuis of Lome, (Jovernor-Ceneral, being trusted with this message. Hudson's Bay Company has 800 acres open, all good land. TOWNSHIP 15, RANGE 18. The Little Saskatchewan's course is here turned to the eastward, crossing the lower or southern half of this townshi]), passes Odanah and Minnedosa. and again tnrns to the noith-west. Many excellent farms are in operation along the south side of the river, ])leasantly located, overlooking Odanah and Minnedosa, two infant towns, or town sites, like Hamburg and Altona, will, it is to be hoped, ere long join hands, and form one in decidedly the most pictures(pie valley in Manitoba, The district inunediately north of Minnedosa is veiy rough, and many pond h(des are met with. Excellent farms are. however, soon reached, particularly tiiat of Mr. Cameron, the hrst settler in this district. He I 2» has inO acres iiiidor cultivatii'ii. There is little e.\cc'}»t railway land vacant in the tounsiiiji. An excellent ])(»])lar alon^ hotli sides of the Little Saskatchewan, ali'crdinii* l)nildini;' material and fuel in abnndance. The Hudson's I'ay ('oinjiany ha^ 1120 acres open for settlement in this township, and all fair land. TOWNSHIP 16, RANGE 18. The Little Saskatchewan IJiver crosses this township from south-east to north-west covnei-. On the soutli-west side there are many excellent farms in good gu-nh<'(i, virgin state. The Hudson's Bay Company has 1120 acres open to settlement. Ol ; TOWNSHIP 13, RANGE 19. The Little Saskatchewan Biver runs through the north-west corner of tins township, passing Bapid City on section 20 ; fornn'ng a very pic- turesque crescent valley. The river is well timbered on both sides above 29 railway land sitk's of the ahinulancc. lu'iit in this Rapid City. Here Colonel Martin ans), and the north-west q arter of section 26 (IGO acres), all good land. m south-cast any excellent enterprising McDonald. n for settle- lorth side of >• land heing that of Mr. th grain and riie Hudson's lis township. hern part of willow and ])o])lar and lul the Caelic so cast their caused them e of England, ct being par- Little Saskat- the valley at iay Company rly all under s yet at least, Company has west corner of ng a very pic- th sides above TOWNSHIP 14, RANGE 19. The land in this township is very fine, and for farming and stock- raising cannot be beaten. Immense tpiantities of excellent hay is cvery- wiiere found in the latter pai-t of June and during the remainder of the season. Although a few less pond holes would add C(.>nsideral)ly to the value of some of the land in this township, yet these afford excellent sport in sluxjting seasons, the pond holes and small lakelets being literally (U)vcred with wild fowl. Prairie chickens also abound in this district, affording easy and i)leasant sport all through the autunni and winter. Wood (])oplar ami stunted oak) is eveidy and rather prettily distril)uted ovei' the eastern side of the townshij). The Little Saskat- chewan Kiver crosses the south-ciist corner. This jjart is well timbered .and deer are found here in the autumn and winter. The Hudson's Jiay Company has 1120 acres ojkmi in this t(»wnship, all good land. Rapid City is the market town for those living in the south side, while those in the north side are eipial distance between Rapid City and Minnedosa. Sand, gravel, and limestone are here, while the soil will average 2 feet G inches of leaf loam with a subsoil of clay and sand. TOWNSHIP 15, RANGE 19. The south-west corner of this township is fairly timbered with poj)lar, elsewhere it is rather bare of timber l)ut is excellent for farming and stock-raising purposes. Many of the leading farmers of the Saskat- chewan are located in this township. Is within easy distance of the town of Minnedosa, or Rapid City, is well supi»lied with game and wild fowl. Timber for building and fencing pui-])oscs is pi'ocured from timber lots (each settler having 20 acres allotted to him at the rate of one dollar per acre) along the river's sides. The Minnedosa and Eolling River Sawmills supply lumber sawn from spruce and poplar logs, principally the former. The Hudson's l^ay Company has three-fourths Oi' section 26 open. Excellent land. TOWNSHIP 16, RANGE 19. Excellent farming land in this township. Many large farms are in good go alicad hands. For stock it cannot be beaten. Is well timbered with poplar. The Little Saskatchewan River crosses the north side. On Rolling River is a sawmill, owned and managed by Mr. Cameron. The river runs into the Little Saskatchewan from the north-west, is 30 well tirnbcrod with spruce ami pophir : is well stocked with fish — i>ike and suckers — and the valley of the I.itllc Saskatchewan, nito and along which this river runs finally fortnini,'' its lar'ier nei^dihour, is one of the very pictureH({Uo valleys in the Province. The Hudson's Jlay Company lias th(! whole of section 8 (640 acres), and west half of section 2G (o'2i) acres), open to settlement in this township. TOWNSHIP 17, RANGE 19. This townshi)) is a thick network ol ]>oplar and willow scrub. Many farmers arc located hei'o. anioniist them a voit early settler, Mr. Livin;j;stone. Stock do remui'kalily wt'll hove, the breed bein<;' very good. All the railway lands and 1120 acres (if Hudson's Bay lands are vacant. Tinibcr-spruce, hu'ch, bii'ch. and j)oplar everywdiere north of the river. I i TOWNSHIP 18, RANGE 19. Same (piality of laiul as township 17. No settlers here as yet. TOWNSHIP 13, RANGE 20. The land in this township is all rolling, is well settled, except the railwny lands. Timber is scarce;. The Hudson's Bay Company's land is all taken up. TOWNSHIP 14, RANGE 20. All rolling prairie, with many excellent farms in full swing. Timber very scarce here. Nearly all railway lands vacant, and the west half of section .S (Hudson's ilsiy Company) very good land. All the open land in this township should be seen. TOWNSHIP 15, RANGE 20. The south-ease (puxrter of tiiis township is well timbered, elsewhere it is rolling prairie. Beautifid land, many large farms are under cultiv- ation. For stock-raising purposes this township cannot be excelled. Nearly all the railway lancis ai-e open. The Hudson's Bay Company has 1120 acres oi)en, all excellent land. TOWNSHIP 16, RANGE 20. The little Saskatchewan River This township is rolling prairie, crosses the north side of this township. Here, timber is in abundance. Many farms are far advanced in cultivation. In the northern part of 31 fish — [like • ami along i one of the this towiisl'.i|), lionl IliphiiiNtoiic lias a laruo stoclv farm, over '200 hoail of catt,l(>, all (loiiin' woll. All the railway land is vaeiint, :ilso 1 1 -JO acres of Kudsuns l>ay ('(»ni[)any's land. Ml 8 (640 tlenicnt in ul). Many ottler, Mr. very good, arc vacant, f the river. TOWNSHIP 17, RANGE 20. This townsJiii» is nearly all under timber, poplai' and willow. The little Saskatchewan l{iv(>r is crossed here Ity a good hridi^e. Four families have found comfortable homes on the noi'th side of the river. All the railway lands are vacant here, and I TJO acres of Hudson's liay (lompany's lands. TOWNSHIP 18, RANGE 20. This to\vnshi[) is all ojien, being nearly all under timber. yet. excc])t the any's land Timber est half of open land TOWNSHIP 13, RANGE 21. This township is all I'ollinu' ]irairie. is the east sitle of what is known as the Oak llivci- dislrict. Many Muglish settlei's arc located here. Tind)er is scarce, land is good. Tliei'c are homesteads open in this town- ship. Nearly all the railway land, and 1120 acres of Tludsttn's Uay Company's land, all «tf excellent ipuditv. This to\vnshi[) is 12 miles we^t of ilapid City. TOWNSHIP 14, RANGE 21. All rolling prairie, with here and tliere a poplar " bluti'.'' A few homesteads are open. Neai'ly all the railway lands, and 1120 acres of Hudson's Hay Com[)any's lands, all good. Nearest timl)er for building ant! fencing ])nrposes, 12 miles. elsewhere ler cultiv- excelled. Company an River )undance. t part of TOWNSHIP 15, RANGE 21. All rolling prairie. No homesteads vacant. Nearly all tlic i-ailway lai;d is open to settlement, and 1120 acres of Hudson's P.ay Cninpany's laud, nil good. Nearest timber for Imilding puri)0ses, miles from nortli-east corner of township. TOWNSHIP 16, RANGE 21. All rolling prairie, is thickly settled. No homc.'iteads vacant. Nearly all the railwav lands are vacant, and GIO acres of Hudson's Hav Company's lands, in close proximity to the river, where building tindier can be procured. 32 TOWNSHIP 17, RANGE 21. The liittlc S;iskiitclio\V!in Uivcr crossos tlu^ township fro.ii sontli oast to nortli-Nvost i-nvncv. Tliis district is rwUvd the IJig I5cii) of Hudson's liay Coiii[)aiiy'H land, all firfjt-clasH. df.'scrihed t mill are ^yall nnd od l>y the I'wo years ir, as it is liy enter- ic Connty. onched. store and Here is an eir pastor, [ite hai)py. (1, ])atches he district nd a little ery lonely lake Odie of Messrs. died away ■\u<^ so to where the V runninf' vcrlooking row grain, res of land and nianv TOWNSHIP 15, RANGE 22. The land is rolling,', with " poplar hi ii.Ts " hero and there. Xo lar<;o tiinhcr, however, i-uital)l(> for l)iiildiii»T pur|)os(\s Many Lfood hoiiu>steails are vacant, in this townshi[). ail the llailuay lands, and 1 IJO acres of Hudson's liay Conipany's laml. A gool stock-raising district. Is about thirty miles from .Minnedosa, twenty four miles from Jtapid City, ten miles from Shoal Lake, and twelve miles I'rom Strathclair. TOWNSHIP 16, RANGE 22. This township possesses many rare good (pialitics f(,))- hoth farming and stocik-raising. rpjicr and lower Salt Lakes are in the centre of this township, extending almost the entire length ot the townshi]) ((> miles), is not more than one mile wide at any part, is nicely timliered with poplar, and alfords grand facilities for drainage. There ar(> a lew good homesteads vacant in this townshiji, nearly all the railway lands, and IIUO acres of the lludsims I'ay (.'omj)any's land, all good. Here ^Messrs. William and (ieorgc .lohnson, late of Scotland, have erected a hwj^i' and comfortahle '' lunil)er" dwelling house, one of the Hnest in the County; and have started a grain and stoclc raising farm. The Mesfers. Johnson have 100 head of cattle, including .'50 milking cows. Ifail 100 iicres under grain this year. This lieing their first year in this farm, the\' intend to break and put under grain about L'OO ucrcs in 1882. Eight miles from Shoal Lake, thirty miles from llapid City, twenty-eight miles from Minnedosa, and about ten miles from Strathclair. timbered, ly Knglish he railway TOWNSHIP 17, RANGE 22. Is all rolling land, but few homesteads vacant. All the railway land, and 1120 acres of Hudson's Bay Company's land. All good and open to settlement. Is in easy reach of Strathclair mills, store, and post-office, c 34 TOWNSHIP 18, RANGE 22. Is well (iMilK'i('(l on ciist, iiii'l iinrtli .siili's A ("cw liomo.stcnil.s vucimt. Nearly nil the cailwuy lands, ami llL'O acres (tf IIikLsou's Uay Company's land. TliJ nrotliei's (Joikio, Into of Scotliin is ! ill lit'i'i'. owiiors lit •ill;;' winter '^sUid.lu.l" s a inoiins vuugli the A YEAR'S EXPERIENCE IN TIIK LITTLE SASKATCHEWAN VALLEY, MANITOBA, BY AN ENGLISHWOMAN. I''iNi)iN(! tliiii it'^ricuUiUiil prosjiocts in Miii^ImihI wvvc '^vuwlw^ wvy much worse, iiii'l ^liat thc'i'c Hccnicil iin (;i'<)S|)oi't nf ri'ifiiiiiin<^ tlio liirj^c simi whicli (Mill vr;ir IiM'.l t«» L,'!) to luiikc up tlir (Irlieit in accounts, wcdecidcd to hriii;^' our family of lour cliildrcn to tlic new country, nf wliii-li we liad lieurd tio nincli, and tlicre expend our enei'ni(>s in making' a lioim! for tlieni. Tlius it was we eanii' to l)0 on Iioanl the " Sardinian," a splendid vessel helonudni;' to the Allan line. I am no literary cluiracter, and can- not pretend to a iiiiished stylo of writing', hut the comforts and hixuries exporioneed on l^oard the " Sardinian" would re([nire a more facile pen than mine to do justice to the p)od ship and her ca[)tain and owners. We lel't FiiveriHjdl o\\ the 1st Api'il, hSf^O, ami after a pleasant vnysi^^e landed at Ifalifax, N.S., on the morning of the Nth. Everything had been (h)ne that could conduce to our ci.mfort, and even to ouv amusement, so that it was not without a feelim;' of regret wo said good-liye to the good ship "Sardinian." Oil' by rail to (j>m'liec, where we anivcil all-well, and after a ihiy's rest wc continued our journey westward. The scenery in and around Quebec gave us veiy much pleasure ; its »|uaintness has a charm over tiic modei'n city, and its steep streets and h)fty rocks, over- grown with cedars, are very picturescpie, and the freshness of the bracing atmcspiiere acted bko a tonic aftci the long railway journey. Away again on our journc^y, we reached Montreal. Two hours delay here, so wo paid a visit to the English Cathetlral, and off again, arriving at Peterl)orough on tlie 17th. I'y the advice of friends we were induced to prolong our stay here, and have a look at the farms for sale in the district. We rented a small house in the pretty village of Lakelield, nine miles from reterl)orongh, [ enjoyed tiie beauties of this quiet little place very much, bnt my husband could not suit himself in a farm ; no, away to the West, arrived at Sarnia wo were introduced to the Customs' officers, who were not long in passing all our luggage. Port Huron reached, wc were in Tncle Sam's dominions. Detroit is next reached, then Chicago, jMiJwaukie, and crossing the Mississippi, we are in St Paul. Still on to the great North-west, we were thirtt/-three 'tours passing over the Minnesota jdaius, which seemed like a sea of land. Far as the eye can reach it is a flat, treeless prairie. There were few houses, but the stations are numerous along this line, at each a few small houses, :]G iiiid ^•oncrally w.-mn'mis ,iii.| funning' iinploiuL'iits fof s;ilo, and invariuMy til" \viii-,l> •• r.illi.inl Siloici" \\(M-(' paintc 1 on the sii;'ii of tho small Station hotel. Wc saw some lunl onUivatcd. hnt very little compared to tiie tlionsands of acres nnhroken, iVf- this season iiuich of this j)rairie conntiT \v;is nnd.o!' watei-. tiu.' tniin havini;' to nass tlirongh small lakes where the Liradinu,- was low and defective. Ari-ivcd at Winnipeu' on the L'ith April, l-'indinu' Winnipeu' mncli snjierioi' to what I had hecu led to believe, line lai'i^c hamlsome l)uil(linu's, wide streets, briisk .gentlemen with business on the brain, fashionably dressed ladies (a little jjcrhaps too showy to be ([uite in acconlance with En^diish taste). Indians walking about in their many-coloured blaid\ets amongst their stylish friends, many of these "braves" having; ])ainted faces and feathers ornamontinn' their heads, while others lookeil dirty and untiily, much like some of the swartli}' jiipsies at home. Having said farewell to Winnipeg, we go on board the river boat and ])urcliase tickets to Portage la Prairie, charmed with the lieauties of the Assinil)oine, a broad and winding river, v.-ith thick belt of trees on each side, with here and there a cleared sp;>t with i[uiet homestead, garden, and the nsnal, S:c., all looking fresh and warm in this Manit(jba April snn. Arrived at the Portage in time lor supp(M-. to which we did ample justice, as we had already fonnd out the appetisiuLT power of the North-West air. Spent ten days liere looking ai'ound in search of suitable farms, with so nnicli to choose from, and jet '• To the West! " is the cry. Packing a wag!j:on was something altogether new, and alter many awkward mistakes, we got under way, oxen and waggon with cow •• hitclied " to behind and we stai't Ibr the Little Sa-:katchewan. The "" u])S and downs " of the Ibllowimj; few davs live in mv memory, briiihc and vivid, our troubles getting through the mudholes, and then onr joy •at beholding the llowers which everywhere enamelled the praii-ic, they were as l)eautiful as any upon which the greatest care had been bestowed, we made them into bouquets in turn, each trying to make tlic prettiest, many of them being quite as lovely as those which grace our luiglish dining tables. Wild fruit trees are in abundance, rasp)l)erries, currants, gooseberries, while the strawberries seem litei-ally to cover the jirairie. Pine Creek, a hilly })icturcsque s])ot is passed, and the l)ig Plains arc reached ; here a few hours restundertlie ]>oplars,theheat beinggreaterthan we had before experienced, the flowers and beautiful butterflies atlbrding the children great ])leasure. We now travelled through one of the greatest grain growing districts in the great Xorth-West, and after contending with the many difficulties of travel at this season, we arrived at Minne- dosa, on the Little Saskatchewan Kiver, on the 20tli May. We coidd not but admire the pretty little i)lain, even in the thick misty rain that was falling, it looked like a nest among the hills which surround it. The weather in this country is so much clearer and dryer than in England that it seems to have an exhilarating effect upon every one, and wc certainly felt as haj)py the morning after our arrival at' Minnedosa, as any Hunily surrounded l)y every luxury. Minnedosa at this time con- sisted of half-a-dozen houses, and as many tents, and these divided by the Little Saskatchewan River. M 37 invariiil)ly the small ! cornparod this prairie ^inall lakes )Q^iish pe(jj)ie really a.'C AvliL'U away from tlie comforts and luxuries to whicli they have all their lives hecn accustt)med. in Canada vui do not so much i-ealise that vou ai'o in a sli-ancre land, being still untler the linglish ilag, and all the people or their ancestors jiaving come from the British Isles. Ajid it is pleasant throughout the whole country to hear the ailecti(»nate wav in which the Canadians speak of the ''Old Countrv." I. There ai-e many English people settled in the Tiittle Soslvatcbcwan, and I have not heard of one who dislikes the North-AVest. .Many would natui 'ly prefer living amonL;>:t their friends, for it is indeed a severe wrench to break \i\) a home and leave ])eo|)le and places that we have been warndy attached to from childhood, still 1 think they agree with me, that heing out here is preferable to living in lui.uland on a small income when i\ ccitain amount of " appearance " seems necessary to be n'.aintaineil and where there is so little prospect of jiroviding for the children, or our own old age. Here there is every ])i'ol)al)ility of the difficulties and disagreeal)]es decreasing each year. Our life com])ared with that of those who fii'st took land in tins settlement, shows a decided improvement during the tiu'ce years. Mimie(U)sa is nearly in tlie eent]-e of the Countv, where everv necessary and even luxuries can be pi'ocui- id instead of going ninety oi" one hundred and fifiy miles as those eari\ settlers liad to do. We are now al)le to reach Wim\ij)eg or Portage la Prairie in as many lunirs as it lias hitherto taken days. Living in such small houses and the absence of servants is a thing not pleasant to eontemi)late when sitting in an English dining room, but ■berore the little house is reached, there is so miieli to he gone through tbau people are only too glad to have a home of their own, and it is really a great pleasure to plan and crohahly tlu; hest adapted for milling and manui'acturing ])urpo.ses in Manitolia or the Xorth-west Territory. liesides this, there are numerous small streams, and inany ]ionds of good i're.^h walt'r. and good water can Ije had l)y tligging from 10 to 1") fe<.'t in any part of the county. " I had this year under crop l*1 acres. \\'heat averaued M-") lai-hols per acre, and potatoes 3."»('. ^ly next neighhdur liad loliuslnls ol' wheat to the acre, and another I'i. I think pnjbalily ahout 3S hu-iic Is to the acre Avould be the ;iveiage in this m-ighliourhood. < )ats would a'.eraue 60 bushels. (Signed) ARC 11. llAi;i;, r.atc' of Ireland. Rose Valley, l.^th November, 1881.'' 'O" intending to this is not only il whom I havo ly wav satisfied E. L. A. >rs, pointing out diewan country, died out. lluw- di of the ^three one land. " 1 am a native of Scotland. Have lived mai'V years in Ontario, sold GUI and came to ^Manitoba the summer of 1878, with my w il'e, ilanghter, and f(jur sons. I lu'eferred this Little Saskatchewan cuiuitiy to any visited ; it has all the advantages a farmer requires iVir .succc-sful fa.nn- ing and stock-raising. 1 took up 320 acres of lainl Ini' my.-elf, and 320 acres for each of my three sons, and an additional .'^0 acres of timber land, in all 130O acres. L am well satislied with the countiy, and my .sons are the same. AVe had 7.") acres imder croj) this year, reali.-.ing 2175 bushels of first quality grain, an all-round average oi 30 Imsluls to the acre. All kinds of vegetaldes do well. Potatoes ;md tuinii-s produce an enormous yield when properly attended to. \)\\i the })ro(yrs 1 have had of stock-raisin" convince me beyond iloubt Hiat this countrv is W(dl adaptt'd to this pur.-uit. I came in three years ago with 2 ows and 2 calvesi;. These doing well, I ])Urchased last year •"» cows, with calvf s at side. I have now 20 head, 10 milking cows and 10 young .stSci»riand, and farms ,320 acres, about six miles west from Minneilosa. "My opinion is, this county of Minntidosa will bo a good iiistrict for bo'di i'arming ami stock-raising. The land, wlicn w«'ll till(3l,a having a J.onse and shippon in town llu ) ' '""^'' ''^ ^^^"'nodosa, supply tin* toAvn witii beef and milk' t ' ? ^V^ '^""''^ ''^ ^"^^'^' '-^'kI expretaticns, 1 find tlie Avinter nol •,< ■^]]T '•"^"'^'>' ''•'^''^ ^'^i' (^>^''o."de(l my from ropc.rts in Kngland. I fin(l' i,o\lini'r'''-^ ''''"!"'''' ^'''^ t<> ^^''l''f^vo Hay is everyAviiore in al>undance. 1 fin.l V / '" 7"'*^^-'''">^^ '"y si<'C'k. m.llung cow during winter, and wlion < at ' fr u ! i 7 f!*^''''^"* ^'"'^- =^ do. Young stuck is a very proii(. ,] -^ 7 V'^ ^""'' ^'"^ J'''>' ^^''^ cattle, purchased in June, halelui o d ,/ ;^wr^ ^'"l- .^^>' ^'oung .;; Ti.e Englislnnan who comes to thi. 1^^ f ""' Will iunJ prosperity awaiting hin. in sT^ ^s^i ![" ""^ '" ""^^^^^' i^iiiiL baskatcliewan countrv. 13tli Dec, 1881." JT)nN WAKE, Late of Dorsetshire, England. I natiA'c of nnedosa, on 3 beaten for have a wife use, stable, md intend, I had of from six I have ^f required. Wiltshire, E FOX. 44 MANITOBA, 'Mr. -Joseph Price writes from Ifiuiiiltoii House, Tj])per Tdoting : '• I enclose an cxtriict from ii letter, ju.>t received, in reference to ilu.- new Cauiuliiin wheat-Ljrowin,!;^ territniy <>f ^^anito^la. The writer has luul ^Mcat experience in a,^(!icultui'0 in the liest t'arniin.L? country on tlui line ot the Great Western Mail way of Canada ; he is therefore eapahle of giving a valuahle opinion fui the subject. Hearing that he had heen looking at the Hudson's Hay Comjiany's lands, I Avrote to impiii'e the result, and his reply is so j)raetical that you may consider it AV(.)rlh insertion in the 7'i/iir.s; as it is a matter to which puhlic attention is vcm'v much attracted just at present." The following is the exti'act : '• I have seen a great part of the provine.o of ^hinitol)a, also a part of the Xoitli-West Territory, anil L iK'lieve if, will he the greatest grain-gr»j\ving count I'y in the world. 1 iiave seen two eroi)S harvested, Avhieh wercj fully e([iud to the hest 1 have ever seen in Ontario, and the sample and (piality of the Avheat excellent. The returns gathered from the dili'ereiit railway agents and postmasters sher in the fall, antl then sow next spring. In this way thirty-five to forty-five luishels per acre is often grown. The country is settling veiy fast. The Caiiiula Pacific Kailway is running for about ISO ndles west of A\'innipeg, and there are two branches under construction. Maidioba and the British Xorth-West diller very much from Minnesota and some of the North- Western States, as the land is more rolling, and has nu)re groves of tindier, it lies lower, and is less liable to storms ; but the winters are very cold. Those who have wintered there say the weather is much pleasanter than in Ontario, although colder. I am satisfied there is no better lield for the British agriculturist than ^Manitoba. If one-half of the land was under cultivation, it Avouhl supply more wheat than would be re(juired in all Great Britain. It is also a splendi^l grazing country — having pleidy of grass and hay fci' any quantity of cattle. AVinnipeg is growing very fast; there are over 1000 buildings being erecteil thi? summer, and buihling lots are advancing in price very rapidly. Some people think it will be as large as Toronto within ten or fifteen years." i € M '^ 1, tpor Tddlinj^f : ice Id 1 111,' new ■ritiT lias liiul nil till' line of iil)l<' of niviii'' [ Li.'i'ii iDokiii!^' he result, and ^ertiuu ill tlie uirh iittnioted liavo seen a (' N'oilli-West ii.!4- country in fully ei[ual id uality (jf the ■ail way agents ;u.>li('ls to the ly. in sonic I II si ids ; oats, ion is almost good crops oi in tlie spring, ougli in the leejier in the to i'orty-five y fast. The 'f \\'iiini])eg, La and the s(»iue of the more groves winters ai'e thc'r is much tliere is no r one-lialf of than would g country — AVinnipeg is ei'ected this idly. Some en years." yf Ass\\\)\\.K, Salt Lakk, Shoal Lakk, P.O. 3/v/ J't/iii/ii'i/, 18S-J. N. I). Knnih, Ksq. T)\:\\i Siu, A j)aragraph in the Uapid C'liy Sfandard has just remindcil me thai your letter has l)cen till now unanswered. I must ])lead election hasiiiess as iin excuse i'oi' uiy ihday, and, if not too late, will he ha[)py to give my experiences now as a settler in the Saskatclunvan district. As vou know, it is not yet two years since [ came to this counti'y. and r may here state I never had any r^iason to regret tli(> iiiii)uise which led me to settle here, doing into figures is going into dangerous ground, so I will keep out of the-ni at i)resent, and merely slate that Ibi" a lirst grain crop I was more than satisfied, the total yield cf ahout 50 acres heing over 2000 Ijushels, oats and wheat, llarley a failure, owing to being sown on spring breaking. Crops must be got in early owing to siiiinii(!r frosts, to which this coutitry is more or less liable, and it imist. be admitted that this matter is latlier significant. i"'oi' those who d(» not care to rislc the summer froslx there is abun- dance of scopi^ in stock-raising, a brinch which in my e.K])ei'ii'iice is nnich more [)r(;titable. Against this ))ran(di the long winter has lieen held up as a serious objection, and the (plant ity of hay it takes to winter each head ; luit as hay is very plentiful, and easily saved, this is inileeil a very small item. The winter, tliough cohl, is not severe, in fact, is [•referable to the summer, and i<> an " old CMiintry" winter. lam sure you will get plenty of opinion more ipialitied than mine (Ui the subj'ect, though 1 am sure all will agriM' with me in that the Li'.tle Saskatchewan district can s])eak for itself, and only retpiires one to L.)ok over its ])rosperous and hajijiy homes to be convinced that cro])s (-an be raised as heavv off the roliiiiir i)ra,irie as thev can off the dismal Hals. No one can wish you more prosperity than I in your endeavours to bring the Little Saskatchewan district more prominently before the great intlux of settlers which we are sure to have next spring. Yours very truly, W. PKINC.LK JOHNSTONE, Late of G Mayfield Terrace, Edinburgh. * d 46 IJy tlic kiml jtorni' -Ion of ^Fis. Iv Sar^'ciit, wif(! of tli(( Kii^'lish Clnirch clur^yniaii at ifiipitl C'ify, I ;il).s(r;u.'t, tlio followinj,' ])ara^'r!ii>li8 t'rnilt in thu town, to say iiothinLf of the .luniberless houses ])nt U[) thi.s sunuiier on homestead hnids. In Miniiedosa, lil'teen miles iVoin here, which is also in iliai;.;e ol' my husband, a church is to be built dircictly; and iv^n'iw, in the; '•En.nlish JJoservo," twelves miles in another direction. llesides tlie throo stations 1 have nuMitioncd, my husl)an(l has I'egular .services lifteen nules north of Minnedosa, and a station twenty nules west of this. Then lie is to nndcc; oc(.'a.'^ional visits to Shoal Lake, the Indian Kesorve, and other out-stations. As thu country <^rows tho number of missionaries will im-rease. The country far exceeds our expectations: the capabilities are won- derful; there is none of that i.stilation we were I'athcr afraid of. Every available homestead has bc(!n taken uji for nnles round, ami tho rail- way lands are be,L,dnidnL,' to be bought \\\). The size to which potatoes grow iiere, always without mannro, is wontlerful, and .still not in th(! loa.st coarse, hut delicate, white, iind lloury. j\Iy hu.shand calculates that our little patcli has yielded at the rate (»f from 700 to 800 bushels to the acre. This country is extremely interesting to mo, and I cannot help liking to interest our dear friends at homo, too, in it. Yours very truly, E. SARCENT. liapid City, November, 1880. I ■^i r»-g^r...>-r^?^-r"'».g ^ - >f 1 4 h * i > t ? lie I'Jl.i^IisIi iililislictl at lilt IT ; and lie a iiiusit ••' is [)r()VO(l (•uses liiivc s('.4 put up miles from tt» he built in auiitlu^r ly liiisband I a slatioii its to Slioal II u try grows 's arc Avon- of. Every 11(1 the rail- manure, IS white, and Ided at the !s fxtrenu'ly dear friends lENT. I ^^m' A LLAN LJ INE Eoyal Hail Seivic© to Canaaa. THE SHOUT BOTJTB FROM MIT ''.i And the Great North- West, I'fiHscn.LTr^ 1)01111(1 to nny part of CANADA or llio ril;KAT ('AXADFAN NOiiTH-WEST bliould. in tlio lirst jilaci', tiiki- c.iro to svcmv ilicir Ta-sa'a' in a STKAMEU BUL'N'D DIKKCT FOIl Quebec or Halifax. The Sleiimers of tlii> Line afford the greatest amount oi' comfort t( all classes of rasseiiftors boins furnished with every modern improvement. The Voyaj^e to Quebec has distinicuislied re<'oinin{.Midatioiis as compared with the other routes to the Ameiican Cc'iitincnt. P'k ni laii-t>ibtctl rassiif^tp to be made iipeii tlic Siiccial Forms wlilth aro provided for the pmiiosc. Full particulars of Tai-sage Hates, Dates of Sailing, ^^e., c.'in b(; ol)taincd from the Agents of the Line, ALLAN BROTHERS & CO., James Street, LiverpooL ALLAN BROTHERS & CO., Foyle Street, Londonderry. J. & A. ALLAN, 70, Great Clyde Street, Glasg-ow. JAMES SCOTT & CO., Queenstown. OR ANY OF THEIR LOCAL AGENTS.