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Practical Hints for Capitalists and Intend- ing Settlers -WITH- Appendix containin'^ the Mineral Laws of the^TrovinceJand the Dominion of Canada, &r:\}i^n-A By D. OPPENHEIMER, Mayor. Z^< VANCOUVER, B. C. : MBWS-ADVIRTinm UAVVrACeVMVa BTATIONERS, PKINTBBS and ' BOOKETIMDl OAMEU 8TRECT. 1889. r^ 'm INDEX. PAOI. Pceb«e. 5 Hie Mineral Resources of British Columbia. 7 Ckriboo District 10 Kootoiay District IS Tak District 27 LOloet District 88 Cksuar District 41 Omineoa District 48 FMdfio District 44 Appendix A — Synopsis of B. C. Miner ^^ Act, 1884, and Amendments 47 Appendix B — Dominic n Mineral Lands Regulations, 1887, (Abstract) 40 Min«iral Referees 02 Advertisements M Vancouver Mineralogioal and Ethnologicid Museum See Last Pftge PREFACH. In pre,enti,.g the contents of the following p:.ges to the Public. I express the *.P8 that my carefully cDlle^ted aiul unbiassed annotations will meet with a favora- ble recaption on the part of all who arc interestad in Mining matters in general *»een systematically and profitably mined for years, while others are still awaiting the development of which they are capable. , . GOLD MINING. B^pkn on the Fraser River about 1856; the first -'o-called "rush" to this Province taking place in 1858, while the extensive aivl 'icrative gold-field of Cariboo, about 150 miles north of the present Canadian Pacil' j ilailway, was not discovere tha South in Arizona to the Canadian Ixmrdcr, an the Mineral country. The government has lieen very energetic in making road* and trails wherever the prospects of a district warranted it, and both the I>omin- ioii and local Parliaments will at their next session subsidize branch lines from tho main lino of railway couinuinication, the C. P. R., into the Mining centres. It ie evident that the great transcontinental companj' will play an important part in opening up the resources of British Columbia, rendering the methods of transpor- tation easier, reducing the coat of merchandise transportation, and fostering the mining industries at laigo, and thus the most serious drawback to a successful praa- ecution of Quartz Mining has been overcome. Another important feature in connection with the development of Mines I» this Province is the recent establishment of a Smelter in the City of Vancoavorr with a oapatdty of 00 tons per day, which will commence operations before Umt oloee of the year, and the wealthy English Syndicate who are erecting this tuican- modation will also work some of tho up-country mines as well as purchase and re- ceive ores for treatment. i! MINERAL RE80CRCE8 OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 9 If the copper deposits already discovered develop, the Smelting Co. will ei-ect A eopper smelting furnace; it is also the intention of the company to uild a refinery in the summer, and later on works for the manufactui'e of pig lead. These Smelting Works are Iraund to centralize the mining industries of the Prov^ince at Vancouver, for it stands to reason, that with the exceeeen established, and Dr. V^'. Hredenieyer, F. R. ii. S., the celenrated Mineral Assayer and Mining Expert, has opened his assay offices, sample null and test apparatus, so that with those two teclmical institutions combined, which will henoetorth prevent mineral ores from l)eing sent out of the country for assaying .and smelting purposes, Vancouver can safely be said to stivnil secttnd to none in this important matter on this ctMist. The local (Government is taking further steps to encourage Mining operations, ■And it has been proposed by the Select Connnitteeon Mines, «)f the Provincial Leg- isbtiure, that a first class Mining Engineer foi- the Province be appointed. It has been suggested that if such an apuointment l>c made, the engineer selected should he one who would have the conhcience of British capitalists, as it is expected that capital for the development of the mineral resources of the Province will come largely from (treat Britain. 1 he Mining Laws, lioth of the Province of British Colundiia antl the Domin- ion of Canada, are very liberal und yet very simple, but they are strictly enforced. N. B.— The Appendixes contain a synopsis of the Provincial and Dominion Min- rral Laws and Amendments. The Mining History of British Columbia closely resembles that of Australia mod California; hero, as well as there, the richer placer mines, so far discovered, will eventually become more or lesB exhausted, Imt with their decline will arrive the period when the miner goes to work on the quartz lotles, and with Quartz Mining will set in stability and prosperity in the most alluring of all enterprises. It requires the introduction of capital and of skilled prospectors to lay open the stores of hidden wealth and pave the road to grfeat results; for up to tlu) pres- ent the mining operations of the country have \teen almost entirely carriee created with its official centre at Vancouver. Each District is again split up into Divisions, some of which are under the control of Government Gold Commissioners, whose duties consist in recording claims, settling dispute«l titles, and generally acting as local magistrates. THE CARIBOO DISTRICT. Embraces the whole region of the Upper Fraser to Omipeca, above Lake-la-Hache, and is the great placer mining portion of the Province. The chief town is Bar- kerville, on Williams Creek, while Richfield, Stanley, Quesnelle, Antler Creek, Lowhee, Jack of Clubs, Lightning Creek, Cottonwood, and othei-s are mining camps. A good wagon road, on w tic a team of R yoke of oxen can safely draw 18,- 000 to 20,000 1m. , traverses the farming region and runs right through to Bar- kerviUe. The projected railway from these mines tap« the C. P.. R. at the North Thompson, and it will open a new and rich goldfield. MINEIL\L RESOtmCES OF BRITISH COIXMBIA— CARIBOO DI8TRIC. 11 (ioLD MTATISTIUS FOR 1887> = c g ■ S 32 ^ 1l C.2 Barkerville Division: Williams Creek and tributaries Mosquito Creek and Red fiulcli Hardscralible and Sugar Creeks Lowhee Creek Grouse and Canailian Cieeks Antler Creek Cunningham Creek ( Upper) Conklin and Htouts Uulches Stevens, Begs, and California Gulches and Creeks Goat River Desultory . Lightning Creek Division : Lightning Creek . Van Winkle, Chisholm Creek, and Per- kins Gulch Devil's Canyon and Slough Creeks Nels(m Creek Burns Creek . . I^st Chance and Davis Creeks Ruslion and DeadwtxKl Creeks Basford, Canip))ell, and Peters Creeks . . . West end of Swift River Desultoi-y Quesnelleniouih Division: Fraser River (coniTnencing 6 miles below Quesnclle anil 2U miles above). Quesnclle River (20 miles up) Cottonwood River Hixou Creek Keithley Creek Division: Keithley Crook « Do. Desultory -Snowshoe Creek Do, Desultory French and Snowshoe Creeks Harvey Creek North Fork Quesnelle River T>o. Do. Desultory . . . South Fork Quesnclle River Do. Do. Desultory . . . Cedar Creek Quesnclle River (from Forks 40 miles down, no organized companies, all de- sultory mining) Horsefly River Fraser River (6 miles below Quesnelle down to Riskie Creek) Fraber River— Desultory $16 00 17 25 16 60 17 00 16 00 16 00 16 50 16 & 17 16 00 16 50 17 00 17 00 17 25 17 30 17 00 17&17 25 17 00 16 25 16 50 17 40 i7 66" 16 50 17 40 16 50 $22,900 9,0U0 1,500 4,425 4,000 12,000 6,500 9,300 2,500 248 7,000 o.OOO 1.500 7,500 3,500 800 1,500 1,900 2,.')00 1,500 5,000 38,500 4,900 4,200 3,400 10,000 1,000 6,000 500 1,500 6,000 4,000 1,000 7,000 3,000 2,400 5,000 3,000 15,000 1,200 879.373 30,700 51,000 66,600 $227,673 L 18 MINERAL RKSOURCKS OF BBITI8U COLUMIUA— CAUIBOO DISTRICT. The following are some of the most prominent mines: — THE BRITISH C0LU>^BL4 MILLING AND MINING CO. luw (luring the season employed a large force on its claims, of -'vliich the most im- portant are: — Tlie American, Wilkinson, ami The Bonanza. (a) The American claim is situated on Stout's (iuluh, which empties into- Williams Oeek at Barker>'iUe. Depth of the Shaft, 100 feet. Country — rock, slate. Width of Ledge, 24 feet The Ledge runs Nortli, 20 degreer^ West, dipping to East. Assays from $10 to $02, gold, per ton. A 20 stamp mill and saw mill are on the premises and will commence full op- erations in the Spring. The main wagon road runs in close proximity to the Milic; plenty of wood and water is hantly for all purposes. (b) The lionauza claim is situated at Stout's Gulch. Depth of Shaft, 120 feet. Width of Shaft, 20 feet. Ledge runs North, 20 degrees West and dips East. Country — rock, slate. Assays show traces of silver, and yield from $40 to $60 gold per ton. (c) The Wilkinson dain is situated at the head of Conklin's (iulch, emptying into Williams Creek, and is ii fine developed Mine. Depth of Shaft, 40 feet. Width of Shaft, 6 x 2i feet. Country — rock, tilate. Ledge runs North, 20 degrees West and dips East. Assays show $40 to $80 gold per ton. THE ISLAND MOUI TAIN CO. This Mine is situated on Jack of Clubs and Mosquito Creek Mountain, ao work, under any process known at present. "It is to be regretted that this company did not continue sinking their main shaft, as the indications are that higher grade ore would soon have been reacheiL This company htui also sunk a shaft and run a tunnel in the American location ad- joining, in which the vein has not yet been reached. "The Island Mountain Company has employed from 40 to 60 men during the season, in removing their 10-atamp mill from its former site at the old Kurtz and Lane works to Jack of Clubs Lake; putting up buildings, erecting machinery^ burning brick for furnace, and taking out ore, and would, I understand, but for the non-arrival of a portion of their machinery from San Francisco, have been crushing ore this winter. As it is, work on the mill has been suspended. Soin& half-d >zen men are, however, working in the mine taking out ore, which it is in- tended shall continue all winter, and be hauled to the mill for crushing as soon as the mill is ready in the spring. I understand some excellent ore is htiing now brought out of this mine. ^ "The Quesnelle Quartz Mining Co., of Hixon Creek, has employed a numv ber of men during the season, but with what result I have been unable to learn. Work has been suspended for the season. "The Burns Mountain Co. has done but little during the season to further prove their mine. "About 100 quartz claims have in all been recorded during the year 1887. Many are new locations, some of which show most promising indications. "On Lowhee Creek, Messrs. Pinkerton and the Flynn Brothers are at present putting up an arastra, to more thoroughly test their ore. They inform me that they will be prepared to crush early in the new year, and will work any ore brought to them (that is to say, a few tons) for one-half of the bullion produoetL " The Black Jack Claim, just above Barkerville, has developed a very rich iKMly of ore, and is now taking out rock, from which (upon being pounded in it mortar) a goo«l prospect of free gold is readily obtained. This company (should their present prospects hold good at a greater depth) will put up a small mill and 2t once commence crushing. "The Boyce Co., on the Pomeroy lode, south-east of Barkerville, being ■» ivell-satisfied with the results obtained, have entered into an arrangement witik Mr. I. B. Nason to remove the 4-stamp mill from Richfield to their mine and start crushing ore at once. The mill is now bein^ removed. "There are many other promising locations worthy of mention, but enongb hiis been said to show that tlie people hero have a confidence in our quartz veins, uul that an earnest effort is being made to prove that this confidence is not mis- placed. "I have, &c., (Signed) "Jno. Bowron, "7o the Honorable *^Qold Commiuianer^ *'The Mini$ter of MineB.'* rHE KOOTENAY DISTRICT la in the Southern part of the Province, and emhraces the country watered l>y the river of that name and the upper waters of the Columbia River. It comprises An area of about 7,0(X) squ^ire miles. Four years ago the district was divided into East and West Kootenay — these subdivisions being now entirely separate mining districts. The dividing line is a watershed line along the Helkirks, which throws the Kootenay Lake country into West Kootenay District. WEST KOOTENAY DISTRICT Is essentially a mining, not an agricultural or pastoral section, but its timber re- sources, also, are great, and are on the eve of development. Ho far as known the principal minerals are gold, silver, copper, le:t,d an(i iron. Tliere are excellent building stones and fine clays. The gold and silver — the latter chiefly in galena, but <»1bo in grey copper — are widely distributed. The Columbia runs north and south through the district, and is crossed e ist and west by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Die navigable waterways for steamboats in the district exceed 500 miles in length. The climate is superb and the mountain, river and lake scenery very varied and attractive. It is stated by the Gold Comnisssioncr of West Kootenay that the shipments of silver ore from his district already far exceed those of any other district, or, indeed, from all the other districts in the Province put together, and that this distinction will, in his opinion, be maintained. It is encouraging to know, at this early stage of our quartz mining progress, that about 800 tons of silver ore have been profitobly marketed from one district into which capital has scarcely been introduced, and that twenty-ton parcels of that total have netted over 300 ounces to the ton, a considerable proportion from 100 to 140 ounces, while none has brought less than 60 ounces, net, per ton, at a distant «melter. This is the result of mere "prospecting" work, for "real mining" has not yet begun, many of the most valuable prospects being still in the hands of prospectors. Next summer will fiee the beginning of m3thodised skilled opera- tions, and a needed im[k'ovem3nt of means of transport, chiefly on the great water- ways. It will not be long before the district will proluce several hundred tons of silver ore per day, and a good yield also of gold. A large amount of capital is battling with the deep placer (figgings in the northern part of the district, and in the southern part, near the town of Nelson, two gold mills to test gold quartz claims, owned by men of means, will be erected in spring. This good promise of development is visible now, but not a tithe of the district has been half prospected. It is quite in its infancy as a mining region. The ores in the district cannot yet be particularly described, but they are of. varied character and value. There are, in established camps, and known to exist elsewhere in the district, very great quantities of low grade silver bearing galena — much of it carrying its own ffuxes — which can be treated in an ordinary smelt- er. At least two of the four established silver claims in the district are high grade camps, and it might be an error to class the third as a low grade camp. Of the two distinctively nigh grade camps one gives promise of being a first-rate "carbonate" camp, second to none anywhere; the other contains claims which all experts who have examined them rate very highly, and which have provetl their ▼alue by the great average net return from actual shipments above mentioned. The ores last referred to have a cinsiderable percentage of capper, and probably «snnot be treated successfully in an ordinary cmelter. The longitudinal formation, or extended metalliferous l>elt, in thfe long and «oniparativeTy narrow West Kootenay District, is, for practical admiiristt'ati''e pur- i 16 MIMKRAL RESOCRCES Or BRITISH COLUMBIA — KOOTBNAT DISTRICT. Buaes, subdivided into three 8ection»— the Big Beud, the Illecillewaet and the Kootenay Lake subdivisions. THE NORTH, OR "BIO BKSD" SPBDIVISION OF WEST KOOTENAY DISTRICT. This subdivision derives its name from the sharp bend, southerly, mad<^ by the Columbia River, when, in its N. N. W. course, the river reaches 52' N. li was one of the many placds in the Province that attracted miners a scon; of {ears ago fur a short time. In 1865-6 the "Big Bend excitement" took place, liners from all parts flocked in considerable numbers to the new locality; steam- en were built and roads, at a great expense, opened to encourage traffic, but be- fore twelve months had expired Big Bend was deserted, and new discoveries in Onineca and elsewhere claimed the attention of the wandering miner. Gold, of line quality, was, at that time, found in paying quantities at Big Bend, and the ■arface diggings in many of the streams were thoroughly and successfully worked. The placeThowever, was then remote, and the cost of introducing supplies high. After a long interval the completion of the C. P. Railway gave Big Bend another ■tart. The (tovernment made a trail in 1885 of about 60 miles in length, for the ■ccommoilation of the miners. A good deal of gold has since then been taken from Ckrnes Creek, French Creek, McCulloch Creek and Smith's Creek and also from bars in the Columbia River, notwithstanding the high price of supplies, owing to the cost of packing on the trail and the absence of steamboat communication by river. The effect of the summer rise of water on surface mining in the narrow ereeks has retarded progress and caused attention to be turned to deep di^wings. Several leases of ground have been granted to encourage the introduction ot capi- tal which, in some cases, has been secured. A l)ed rock flume company on Mc- Culloch Creek has been formeil, and has taken a quantity of gold from bedrock. Fair wages have been made on Smith's Creek, and more extensive work is pro- praed in that quarter next spring. A miner took out $500 in six weeks during the past season, but had to stop work for want of water. A company on French Creek, \ orking a hill claim, did very well until they lost the pay streak inwards the end of the season. This, however, has not discouraged the holders •>! the daim. The high water on Carnes Creek interfered with the previous successful work of miners there. It is generally considered that gold placer diggings in this B^; Bend subdivision are more plentiful and more generauy dLstributed than in aay other part of West Koritenay District, but these are not its only source of wealth. The timber is very good, and large areas have been purchased lately. Mnch of the subdivision is unprospected. Numerous quartz veins, generally ■mall, from some of which very rich "specimens" have been taken, exist in the neighborhood of McCulloch and French Creeks, and these await examination apd tliorough testing. Indications show that, in all probability, the Illecillewaet belt (or rather the extended belt already mentioned) traverses the Big Beud subdivi- sion northwesterly, but this subdivision, so far as known, is believed to be more a ' gold than a silver yielding section. The principal mining centres and camps are Qolden, Farwell, Perry Creek, Wild Horse Creek, Palmer's Bar, Moyea River, Illecillewaet, Eagle Creek, Toad Mountain hear the townsite of Nelson, &c. A company has been organized to open this region by a short railroad and a •teamer line on the Columbia River and Kootenay liake. The C. P. R. runs through the Illecillewaet THvision, within the closest proximity to its rich quartz mines. Il MIKKRAL RBSOUBCKS CF BRITISH COLCMBIA— KOOTKNAY DISTRICT. 17 a as itz GOLD STATISTICS FOR 1887. KOOTEKAY. •s s .2 ® 5"S I §2^ ^ •si ^1 3-g 2(orthem Division : Femie Creek Smith Creek McCuUoch Creek French Creek Games Creek ^uthem Division: Wild Horse Creek Palmer's Bar Moyea River Bnll River 918 00 $ 50 18 00 1,500 18 00 1,500 17 50 3,000 18 00 2,500 $ 8,550 18 00 26,000 ft tiOO II 500 M 2,250 29,350 137,000 THE SELKIRK MINING AND SMELTIN(i CO.'S Lanarck Mine is situated in the Selkirk Mountains, about 400 miles cast of Van- couver near the lUecillewaet Station of the C. P. R. Tlie company have a test mill on the grounds, and the ore sent to San Francisco and Denver, Col., has yielded, by the smelting process, 75 ounces silver per ton, and 70 per cent, lead, <1.400 lbs to the ton). ILLECILLEWAET MINES. « The many rich auriferous and argentiferous quartz mines in tliis locality, most of which have only been recently discovered, are under course of development, so that it is difficult to render minute information with accuracy. The following are the most prominent ones: — CORBIN & KENNEDY MINES. The leads are from 2 to 10 feet thick, the ore is very rich; assays run from 05 to 1,300 oz. per ton. John Bull Assays: Silver, 125 oz. per ton. Silver Tip. Crystal Whale - The Sprague Dunvegan Pride of Illecillewaet . Sutton Shark Isabella Gold 244 224 .. 65 II II 300 to 1,500 oz. per ton. 85 to 135 ,1 I, 500 to 1,500 I. 250 to 500 I, „ 100 to 1,000 11 „ 90 I. .. Canadian Lass, Christina, Primrose, Silver Mug, King of the Hills, Sham- rock, Emerald, Happy Find, Highland, and others of varying percentage in silver And gold. EBENEZER MINE. This mine is situated only three miles from the town of Golden, on Kicking ,Horse Creek, close to the C. P. R. track and about 800 feet above it. The moan- iain is about 1,500 high, facing due south. Assays vary from to oz. silver per ton and one per cent, mercury. 18 MINERAL BB83CBCES CF BRITISH COLUMBIA — KOOTENAT DISTRICT. HORSE SHOE MINE, Sitoated on Jubilee Mountain, 40 miles from Golden, on the Columbia River, pro- daces very rich silver ore, containing also gold. The shafts are down 22 feet in bedrock. THE PERRY CREEK GOLD MINING CO, Has its tunnel in 53.5 feet, it follows pretty much the same course as the old tun- nel, being aI>ove it and in fifteen feet further. The work is in the old river chan- nel, and going through what has evi«lently ))een a canyon. So lorg as they are in this canyon gohl is not expected to lie found in paying quantiti.j, as the bedrock is so smooth that gold vrill not remain on it. The gravel taken out prospects from ten to fifteen cents to the pan, but the returns are small, for the reason that more boulders than dirt is taken out in driving the tunnel. On Octol>er 27th a wash- up was made from the dirt taken out by two men in two days, resulting in a clean-up of over an ounce. This was an improvement on former clean-ups, the gold being coarser. The work is supposed to be about four feet above the betl- rock. From present indications, the channel will soon make a turn; if so, the bedrock will form a natural rifHe, and immensely rich ground is sure to be struck. Official reports received from the .Superintendent, Mr. G. A. Dow, speak of the unexpected encounter, six feet alrove i)e«lrock of pay ground. Mr. Dow gave per- mission to some wandering Chinese to wash the dirt first taken out of the tunnel, as it yielded only two dollars a day to the hand, an