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QfiLT RT. n t ii f n t( b a SI si e ti tl I b ai k n IT r( pi fc 2.^6- SPEECH or Tni HONORABLE A. T. GALT, LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, CANADA. Ottawa, Tuesdai/, June 26, 1866. In Committee of Ways and Means, Hon. Mr. Galt made his financial statement as follows : — Mr. Chair- man, when I last had the honor ofaddressing the Committee with reference to the financial position of the Province, it was my duty to refer to the financial transactions of a year which had been marked, not by those satis- factory features which have characterized the past year, but by others of a much less promising character. Iwasobligedtopointout to the Commit- tee that there had been aserious deficiency, amounting to a million dollars, between the receipts and expenditure for the year 1864-5. 1 am glad to be able, on this occasion, to congratulate the House on a much more favorable state of affairs. Wo have had to pass through a period of great difiiculty since the financial year commenced. We have had it marked by some events which certainly will be historical in this country — by the aboli- tion of the Reciprocity Treaty as regards our commercial affairs, and by the attacks upon the integrity of the country made by a lawless band called Fenians, in the latter part of the year. Both these events may have been supposed to have injuriously affected the resources of the country, and no doubt they have done so. At the same time it is satisfactory to know that, thanks to the good harvest with which we were blessed last year, and the industry and energy of our people, we have been able to meet those difficulties in a manner which leaves us now, at the com- mencement of another financial year, in a much better position in every respect than we occupied twelve months ago. The Accounts for the past year have been made up absolutely to the 20th June, and estimated for the last ten days of the year to the 30th June. They are, I believe, in the handis of honorable members of this House, and I shall now briefly refer to them, because I thiok that reference will be satisfactory to the House and to the country. The expenditure of all kinds during the past year has been ^12,106,786, of which there has been applied to the redemption of the Public Debt, $270,393, leaving as the ordinary expenditure, 811,836,393. On the other hand it will be found that an income has been obtained during the past year of not less than $12,432,748. Consequently, after meeting all the charges that have been brought against us during the past year, wo have had a surplus of 8596,355 — (hear, hear) — and, after making provision for the re- demption of the Public Debt that has matured during the past year, we have carried to the credit of the country no less than 8325,962. (Cheers.) I may refer briefly to the estimates which were laid before the House last year. The estimated outlay was 811,074,000. The actual outlay has been $11,836,393. But of that there is no less than 81,150,000 to represent the unexpected charges to which the country has been subjected, owing to the lawless attempts of bodies of men to invade our territory. And, from the manner in which the country has met, physically, these attempts, and from the manner in which this House has responded to the application of the Government to indemnify them for the expenditure, I know it will be satisfactory to the country to learn that all these expenses have been [met, and no greater charge brought against us than what the ordinary revenue has been more than able to cover. (Cheers.) I may remark here that the amount set down for Militia expenditure covers not only the actual payments to the 20th June, but no less a sum than 8675,000 in addition, which is the total estimated outlay that will have to be made in connection with the last and most serious danger, and the calling out of the militia connected there- with. The estimated income was 811,136,000, and the actual amount received 812,433,000, being an increase over the estimate of 8 1,297,- 000. It may be proper I should advert to the principal sources of rev- enue from which this additional sum has been derived, and I have great pleasure in doing so, because they are those which best indicate the prosperous condition of the country, and its ability to meet the charges which from time to time have come upon it. The minor sources of revenue — the Post OflGice, Public Works, Territorial, and all those minor revenues — have remained very much es they were before. But the consumption of products from abroad, as indicated by the Customs revenue, has been very much larger. We have received from Customs last year 87,233,248, against an estimate of 86,160,000 — an excess over the estimate of 81,073,248. From Excise we have received 81,732,075, against an estimate of 81,550,000 — an excess of 8182,575. Various causes have undoubtedly operated to produce the increased imports during the past year. It is pretty well known to the Committee that the stocks of goods in the country had been to a great extent ex- hausted before the termination of the last financial year. It was then believed that a considerably increased import would take place, and it I i 5 ;?^> itory to the ids dariDg len applied ng as the ill be found ot less than i that have ,d a surplus for the re- past year, . 9325,962. laid before ,000. The 10 less than the country 9 of men to country has which this o indemnify the country sater charge a more than int set down to the 20th is the total ith the last lected there- tnal amount of $1,297,. irces of rev- '. have great ndioate the the charges r sources of those minor ]3ut the he Customs •om Customs fixccss over $1,732,575, 5. Various iscd imports umittee that t extent ex- it was then )laoe, and it i was felt that, if we were blessed with the harvest then looked forward to, the people of this country would be much more able to consume im- ported goods than they were during the year then past. I confess it was not in my expectation that the amount would bo anything like what it has turned out to bo. And I do not think we would be justified in as- suming that the normal condition of the country is such as would per- mit a consumption of that amount every year. As regards the increase of the Excise, I may remark that T estimated a distillation of 3,250,000 gallons of proof spirits, whereas we have received duty on 4,030,000 gallons — a very much larger quantity than was expected. The receipts from beer and tobacco do not vary much from the estimate. The great difference in the revenue has arisen from the increased consumption of imported goods, and the increased distillation of spirits. With regard to the increased expenditure, to which I have already partially adverted, it was estimated that the expenditure for Militia purposes would have been covered by the sum of $500,000. But the acconnts shew that before the close of the year it is expected that no less than 81,638,868 will have been expended under that head. And I need not point out to the Committee that, had that expenditure come upon the country un- der circumstances less favorable than those which actually have occurred, it would have caused very great inconvenience indeed. With regard there- fore to the accounts of the past year, I am happy to be able v^ a this oc- casion to make this statement, that all the engagements of the country, both those which were contemplated by Parliament last year, and those unexpected then and thrown upon us since, have been met by the ordi- nary revenue of the country, and that we have still been able to carry forward a considerable sura to the service of the following year. (Cheers.) As regards the trade of the country, the Statements which have been distributed to the members of this House, are, 1 think, of a character to give satisfaction to every one. Comparing the actual trade of 1864 5 with that of 1865-6, as established by the Custom-house returns for the eleven months beginning July 1st and ending May 30th, we find that the imports in the eleven months of the previous year were, in value, $40,955,509, against, during the current year, $49,034,045, and that for the whole twelve months, making an estimate for the results of the last month of the present year, the imp .ii of last year were $44,620,469, against $53,034,045 during the year tc close on the 30th instant. Con- sequently there has been an excess of imports, as compared with the previous year, of no less than $8,413,576. Now, Mr. Chairman, had this increase of imports not been attended with an increase of exports, instead of its boing a subject of congratulation, it might possibly have been a subject of considerable apprehension. In that case we should have concluded that there had been an excessive importation of goods, that it had gone much beyond what a provident course of action would have dictated, and that, consequently, we might anticipate very shortly in the future the samo sort of financial revulsion which has been expe- 6 1! 'i w .If ! [if rienced in all countrios that have traded beyond their means. Kut it it, with pleasure that, on the other hand, I call the attention of the House to the statement of exports. The exports for the previous year were $42,481,1^1) against $51,984,375 during the current year, which shews an excess over the previous year of no less than $0,503,224, or upwards of one million of dollars greater than the amount by which our imports this year have exceeded those of the previous year. (Hear, hear.) Con- sequently, though our import trade has been largo, we find, in reality, that the export trade of the country has more than met it, and that the people of this country have been justified iu going to foreign countries and getting from thence the goodf> they have required for con- sumption, because they have really exported to those countries a larger amount than they have imported from them — and we need not therefore auticipatc that the results of the trade of last year will be in any way embnrras.sing to us in the future. If the same prudence characterises the p( ople of Canada in the future as in the past — if we import no more than we have the ability to pay for — we shall not be exposed to those re- vulsions of trade which are now the source of misery and anxiety in many countries. In further reference to our commerce, I cannot help point- ing out that the aggregate trade of the country has risen in one year from «87,101,620 to no less than $105,018,420— a difference of $17,916,800 in the volume of trade which the people of this country have carried on with foreign countries — which exceeds, by more than $10,000,000, the volume of Irade in any previous year in the history of this country — and marks an advance in the prosperity and prospects of the country which may well form a subject of congratulation to this Committee and the people of this Province. CCheors.) I do not think, in view of the num- ber of subjects which I intend to bring as briefly as possible beibre the attention of the Committee, that I should be warranted in dwelling at any length on those Statements which are in the hands of hon. members. They will, to a great extent, explain themselves, and if any points arise requiring further explanation, there will be ample opportunity in Com- mittee of Supply to give any information that may be desired. I think, therefore, I may be permitted at once to turn to what is the con- dition of the country now — the estimates which have been framed for the public service lor the coming year, and the means by which the Government trusts that Parliament will make provision for that service. I have caused to be distributed a Sjmmary Estimate of the Expenditure of the country for next year — the year commencing 1st July. By reference to that statement, it will appear that the total estimated expenditure of the country — excluding $2,570,500 of public debt which matures during the year, and on which I shall have occasion to offer some observations hereafter — is put down by the officers of the Govern- ment at $12,370,150. With regard to the items of that expenditure, I may be permitted to remark that many of them are increased from the same causes which have necessitated aa increased estimate for the Militia i Hut it it, f the H0U80 8 year wero vhiuh shews or upwards our importfl icar.) Oon- 1, in reality, t, and that to foreign red for con- ric8 a larger ot therefore in any way haracterises ort no more to those rc- icty in many < help point- ae year from $17,916,800 e carried on 10,000,000, is country — untry which tee and the of the num- e before the dwelling at m. members. points arise lity in Com- dcsired. I b is the con- i framed for y which the that service. Expenditure J uly. Uy tl estimated debt which sion to offer the Govern- penditure, I >ed from the r the Militia J^^ / expenditure of the country. Some, however, have not arisen in that way. As regards the item for Civil Qovernment, it will be observed that under the provisions of the Civil Service Act, a continual increase must arise in the salaries of the public officers, oonscquont on the promo- tions to which they are entitled under the Act. Accordingly, there will always bo an increase, though not very largo, in that item, only reduced when the public officers, through age, cease to be servants of the public. I may add that, under the head of Civil Government, it has also been found necessary to make a considerable addition to the item for Contin- gencies, that item having, to a certain extent, been swelled by the cir- cumstanc of our having moved into these magnificent buildings at Ottawa. It has been found that we cannot live in a largo house quite as cheaply as we have lived in a small one, and when the Province of Canada has found it necessary to build a palace for our accommodation, it has become necessary to have a greater number of servants to occupy it. (Hear, hear.) As regards the Adminisiration of Justice (East and West,) wo have been obliged to frame estimates founded on the probability that the adminis- tration of criminal justice will be considerably more costly during the year about to commence than in the year which is past. To show this I need only advert to the number of criminals who are under incarcera- tion, charged with attacks on this Province, and to the necessity under which the Law Officers of the Crown have felt themselves of taking this year more than ordinary precautions for the peace and order of the country. The cost of these precautions, I do not hesitate to say, is the cheapest and bestinvestmentof the public money that could be made. It is much better that we should spend the amount required to make need- ful preparation.s, than fiad ourselves hereafter, for the want of these preparations, subjected to much heavier charges. Consequently the Government have felt it was their duty to invite the House to vote sums for the Administration of Justice, not very much, but somewhat larger than were given in the previous year. The same remark applies to the item of Police, on which there is an increase of about $16,000, and I hope the Committee will agree with the Government as to the necessity of providing that increase for a force, which, under certain circumstances, must bo kept up in a more than ordinarily efficient condition. Wc cannot, under present circumstances, avoid the employment either of a large police force, or of a much more expensive force, the volunteers. With regard to the expenses of Legis- lation, I may remark that the sum estimated last year was considera- bly in excess of that actually expended. This year the estimate is $452,000 : the same cause which has operated to induce the Government to ask a larger sum for Civil Government having also tended to swell the sum for the two Houses of Parliament. At the same time it proper I should remark that this item includes the expense esti- is mated for the Legislative Council elections, which will take place this fall, but that it does not include the expense of a general election. H m I thick the Houm will aeree with me in bolieying that it is not probable the Parliament of Canada wilt be required to provide the means for another general election. I trust the Union of the Provinoes will have taken place in such time, that the next election will bo a general election for the Federal Parliament of all the Provinces — (hear, hear)— and con- sequently the Qovernment does not think it necossarj for the Parlia- ment of Canada to make any provision for the expenses of that election. lion. Mr. HoLTON — Who will pay for it 'f Atty. Gen. Cartier — The people. Hon. Mr. Galt. — Passing overbeveral of the other items, I come to that of Militia. I regret to be obliged to state to the Committee that the Government do not feel themselves to be in a position to be respon- sible for the safety of the country, unless they obtain from the Houso the grant of a very large sum for the Militia expenditure. Instead of asking, as last year, for a grant of $500,000, the Government feel it their duty to state that they believe it to be necessary— though they may not require to expend the whole — that they should be provided with a credit under this head of no less than $1,500,000. (Hear, hear.) The Government are perfectly conscious of the responsibility they in- curred durinp' the year now closing, in violating the provisions of the law in regard to the public expenditure, and they do not desire to be again put in that position. They prefer very much to state to the House what are their apprehensions in regard to the safety of the country, and what, therefore, are the powers with which they consider they should be armed by Parliament. And, though the explanation of this item will more properly come from the Minister of Militia, when the Militia estimates are before the House, still it may not perhaps bo considered amiss that I should say two or three words now in explanation of the sum required for this purpose, which is very much larger than the Parliament of Canada has ever before been called upon to vote. In the first place, I think it will be admitted to be desirable that the volunteer force, to which the country owes so much during the last few weeks, should receive a still larger development— that we should give the youth of this country a fuller opportunity of lending their physical support to the Government, by increasing the number of the force. And, therefore, my ^M^n. friend will ask the House, when the detailed estimates are brought down, for means to arm and equip a force of 35,000 volunteers instead of 25,000. (Hear, hear.) Connected with this subject also is plainly the necessity of providing, within the reach of the people of the country, depots of arms at convenient points. A vote will be asked from the House for that purpose also. It will further be necessary to con- tinue the existing drill of the volunteers, and to maintain in still greater efticiency the military schools, which are now furnishing hundreds, I might almost say, thousands of young men to be the future officers of our militia. These objects must be provided for now, as it is too late to begin to provide for them when the country is threatened with inva- i Sl( fr th af th .)f to vi( xm i// ot probablo means for ) will havo ral elcotion —and cou- ho Parlia- it election. I oomo to littec that be respon- the H0U80 losteuJ of tnt feel it 3Ugh they i provided ear, hear.) y they in- ODs of the esire to be ite to the ety of the P. \ 11 n the amount I bring under mates of tbe ly to attract ample oppor- re before the )vernment in ^ the grounds ow propose to ich it will be it the amount iblic debt, is k it is proper ircumstances, iltered by the (St Office — to ft proposed to Miscellaneous unicipal Loan the Stamps, he returns of received, of Consequently e to provide, ay of both, is the Customs g an estimate link we must. )nal character and possibly he position in civil war — that country 3ns came over ccssaries dur- 2n wc rcniem- ty, I may pay h the United c justified in urge Customs bo reckoned estimates, wc this country itc a derange- •ecluding our id interfering iyj to a certain extent with their finding an immediate market for their productions. I use the word " immediate" advisedly, for much of our produce that used to be sold in the United States will ultimately find ns good markets elsewhere. But I say, taking all these circumstances into account, we would not be justified in expecting that the import trade of the country, that which yields us our Customs revenue, will be equal to what it has been during the last twelve months. It may be considered a large, but it is, I certainly think, not an excessive esti- mate, to say we should derive a Customs revenue of $6,400,000 under existing laws. With reference to the Excise, I think the estimate msde last year of $1,550,000 will be found nearer the mark for the nor- mal state of the country, than the amount wo received last year of $1,700,000. I think, therefore, on the two items of C .3toms and ICxcise, we could not, under our laws, as they now stand, expect a larger revenue during the approaching year than about $7,900,000. The actual result may, under exceptional circumstances, exceed that amount, but on the other hand exceptional circumstances of a dilFerent character may make it fall under the estimate. If, therefore, we have to provide for an expenditure of $8,450,000 out of Customs and Excise, and existing laws will only give us $7,900,000 under those heads, it is clear that Parliament must uia'ce provision lor the difference in some mode or other. The (jovernnient find themselves therefore in this position — they cannot, in compliance with what they believe to be their duty to the country, neglect providing for those large expenditures which are necessary for its defence. The whole difficulty arises out of the increase of the Militia estimates from $500,000 to .$1,500,000. If, with justice to the people of this country, we could confine our militia expenditure to $500,000, the difficulty wou^d be at an end. But the Government feel they cannot do so, and T think, in that opinion, they will be sustained by the House and the people at large. (Hear, hear.) Consequently, we have to consider the neeos.sity for increased duties. But at the time wc are obliged to con.sider that necessity, we find that the agricultural interest, forming the great bulk of our population, the stem and trunk of the social tree, has been more or less affected by the shutting of the ITiiitcd States markets through the abrogation of re- ciprocity. The question therefore forces itself upon us now, are we to allow the great interest of this country, which tills the public chest by its contributions, to be at the same time burdened with increased taxation and subjected to the loss of markets? Is it not rather our duty to relieve the burden of taxation under which it labors, and when possible even afford it new markets? To accomplish this is the problem now before us. On tb.e part of the Government, I may say we should have been glad, ior manifest reasons, that the considera- tion of these subjects had not been forced on us at this moment. It is true that on several occasions during the last two years, the Government have stated that they would have invited the consideration of the House to the i 12 mode in which our taxation is levied, except for two reasons — one, that after the expected Confederation of the Provinces, an assimilation of taxa- tion must prevail through all the North American Provinces, — the other, that we helieved the negotiation which was to take place with the United States for a continuance of the lleoiprooity Treaty would equally require the fiscal system of this country to ba reconsider- ed and readjusted. For these reasons it has been stated on two former occasions by myself, that the Government were not prepared to invite the House to enter on the consideration of this subject. But we meet Parliament now under diflferent circumstances. We meet theoi after the refusal of the United States to enter upon the consideration of a now treaty with us. AVe now have to encounter duties imposed by the United States, of a very onerous character, on all the articles which were in- cluded ill the iVce list, and at the same time we find ourselves — I do not say, owing to any want of good faith on their part, but ow- ing to the disturbed state of society in the United States — called upon to take much more extensive precautions against aggression from that quarter. Consequently, the Government are of opinion that this question must be submitted to the judgment of the House now ; that we must now consider whether we can so re-adjust the duties of Excise and Customs, as to cheapen to a great extent the articles which go into the consumption of the vast body of the people of the country, and at the same time impose heavier duties on those articles which will furnish alarger amount of revenue with less cost for collection. It is not simply a question of increased taxation. If it were, there is no doubt it could be met in a variety of ways — by an increase of Excise duties, or by an increase of certain Customs duties. But we have to solve other problems. We have not only to obtain increased reve- nue, but we have, as far as possible, to impose the increased taxation so as to open new markets for the productions of this country, and I trust the measures which I shall submit to the judgment of the Com- mittee will be considered by the House as calculated to achieve that very important object. Before I advert more particularly to those measures, I would remark that I think it must be admitted we have now a choice between two systems. We have the choice of the Ameri- can system or of the European. The making of that choice T do not think we can well postpone. I do not see how we can avoid taking that question up now, if we arc to meet the difficulty we now experience. If we take the United States' system of protective duties, of pro- tecting every branch of industry, we shall, to a certain extent, assimi- late our system with theirs — a course which I do not think the people of this country would approve. (Hear, hear). On the other hand, if we adopt what I called the European system — because the policy of England is now being generally adopted by other European countries — if we adopt (hat system as opposed to the American system, then I think we shall stand in the position of offering to the people and ^ *% ns — one, that lationof taxa- ovinccs, — the ;o take place rocity Treaty l33 rcconsider- )n two former ired to iavite But we meet it theiu after ation of a new by the United liich were iu- ourselves — I part, but ow- ited States — nst aggression r opinion that House now ; the duties of articles which f the country, iles which will iion. It is not e is no doubt ase of Excise But we have ncreased reve- led taxation so )untry, and I of the Corn- achieve that arly to those tted we have jf the Ameri- lice 1 do not id taking that experience, uties, of pro- |xtent, assimi- k the people ther hand, if the policy of 1 countries — stem, then I people and 18 the capital, which for various causes are now seeking new homes and employment, a country possessing more advantages than any other on this continent. I do not believe that the United States can continue f'" any great length of time to absorb the redundant population of iope, subject as they are to very high rates of taxation. If on the iicr hand we in Canada, or, I would rather say, in British North America, are able to oflfer those people land of equal fertility, and at least equal security for life and property, and if at the same time we can shew them that every article that enters into ordinary consumption can be bought very much cheaper here than in the United States, I think we may rea- sonably hope to be able to attract to our shores much of that immigration which of recent years has swelled more than anything else the wealth and prosperity of the neighbouring republic. We are entering on a new state of political existence. If there is any prominent feature in the future we have designed for ourselves, it is the establishment of a separate and distinct nationality ; and this can only bo ac- complished in one way. If we are in every respect to copy the policy of our neighbours across the line of 45°, the natural course would be to become one with them. But if, on the other hand, we believe, as we do all believe, that the continent of North America is suffi- ciently extensive for two nations, two empires, then it is time that, tak- ing lessons from those great authorities on political economy who have shed light on the commercial transactions of Europe during the last few years, we should endeavour so to adjust our system that we may be able to invite immigrants here, telliLg them that this is a better country, and governed by wiser principles, than the country along our borders. At the same time the advances we may make in this direction cannot fail to be acceptable to our friends of the Maritime Provinces. If the Government supposed that the policy we were sub- mitting to the House and the country to-night would have a prejudicial eflfect on the great question of Confederation, we should hesitate very much lefore proposing it. But we feel convinced that in approximating our system to that of England, and thereby levying our duties more in accordance with those of the Lower Provinces, so far from creating difficul- ties in the way of our union, we are removing obstructions from its path, and taking away from the adversaries of Confederation in those Provinces some of the arguments with which they have been accustomed to combat the project ; and, moreover, if it is necessary to make further changes in assimilating our tariffs — and it can scarcely be supposed that the system of taxation which Canada adopts now will be adopted without any change by the other Provinces — then we shall have the satisfaction of having come much nearer to the point at which we can mutually agree, and the shock arising from the change and the interference with business will be much less than if we postpone any alteration of our system until we have to maky a com- plete change of it in all its parts. I think too that a change in tbia ^?y- 14 m^ III i * u rl particular in the fiscal policy of Canada may be advocated, and advooaterl strongly in this House, on the ground of its being desirable with a view to our relations with the mother country. I do think that now, when we have to look to the support of England on most important ques- tions — when we arc looking to Great Jiritain to defend us on our inland waters — and nothing can bo more important than that — and when we look, on the other hand, to her naval force being employed for the defence and the maintenance of our rights in the valuable fishing districts on the American coast — when we are calling on England, too, to assist us with the whole force and power of the empire in any possible quarrel that may grow out of her relations with the United States — I say that, under these circumstances, it is well worthy the consideration of this House whether we cannot adopt such a policy as will be more in accord with her views, as will meet more clearly the requirements of the great public of the British empire at large — and whether in meeting our own immediate diihculties, we may not, at the same time, have the opportun- ity of doing that which is at once both graceful and useful to our fellow-subjects in the mother land. (Hear, hear.) After referring to the state of our trade with England, I am induced to say a few words with reference to our trade with another nation, the most injportant European country aitcr England — the Empire of France. 1 think, addressing as I do an assembly composed of Englishmen and Erenehmon, it is unnecessary for me to apologise for saying a few words with reference to the importance of drawing more closely together the bonds of sympathy and interest with a country to which many of our fellow subjects are united by the tics of race and kindred. (Cheers.) It is not mere words of sympathy that ought to unite us, but those ties between friendly nations that benefit each materially. On reference to the statistics ol' trade we find that no country in Europe is, setting aside England, as large a dealer with us as France, or has a trade more advan- tageous to lis. Franco, following up the free trade policy initiated by Kngl;uid, has opened to Canada all the ports of the empire and her colo- nies. Duties upon all the products of our country, except one, have been rodueeii your by year, till they have almost entirely disappeared. There has been one exception, which was of great moment to ua, as it. aftccfed one of the largest Interests of the country — the ship-building iutenist. In the case of ships, the policy of France was not immediately as i'roe and liberal as it was in regard to every other article. I have now, however, the satisfaction to state, with the permission of the Consul-! J eneral of Franci; in Canada, that the duty on Canadian fillips going into French ports is now reduced from twenty francs per ton to two francs. (Cheers). [ congratulate the ship-building and lumbering interest, on this great leduetion, which T regard as important not merely with leii-rencc to the particular advantage it willgive us in selling ships in i-'rc'ich ports, but as regards the greater probability of inducing merchants to place cargoes in those vessels to seek a market in a. -' J.L. ■- ■LU-.W nd advocate fi 3 with a view at now, when portant quea- on our inUind nd when wc )r the defence stricts on the issist us with quarrel that ly that, under »i' this House re in accord 3 of the great jting our own the opportuu- uscful to our SL\n induced to ation, the most re of France, glishmcn and g a few words jsoly togetliev vhich many of [ed. (Cheers.) )ut those ties reference to setting aside more advan- ;y initiated by md her eolo- ept one, have disappeared, cnt to ug, as ship-building immediately icle. 1 have lission of the on Canadian wenty francs -building and as important illgive us in probability of ik a market in 15 France. (Cheers.) It would not become me to enter at any length into the consideration of the difl&culties that attend trade with France ; but the fact is, we buy so little from her that wc cannot expect to sell much to her. If we expect to sell our ships, lumber, and other Cana- dian productions in France, we must make up our minds to deal with her and purchase her products in return. With regard to our existing trade, it may bo interesting to give the Committee a few figures showing its amount. Our import trade fromGreat Britain during 186i-5 amount- ed to twenty-one millions of dollars. T am sorry I cannot now give the figures showing the trade of the year just closing. 1 am, therefore, compelled to use the figures belonging to a year not so lavorable. Our imports from the United States for the year 1864-5 amounted to nineteen and a half millions, and from all other countries, say, in round numbers, four millions. AVe know very well that what we imported from Clreat Britain consisted almost entirely of manufactured goods. There may have been small quantities of teas and other commodities, but the great bulk of the importations from that country, say ninetecn- twentieths, were the products of the industry of Great Britain. When wc apply the same Mualysis to our imports from the United States we find a great difterence. We discover that of our total imports from that country, $4,700,000 consisted of coin and bullion, and that free goous accounted for $10,000,000 more. I do not propose to enter into expla- nations on this matter at present, because it is well known that the free goods imported by us from tiie States were almost, without exception, represented by similar goods exported from Canada to the States. This trade was no doubt beneficial to both countries, as representing a carrying trade, but our imports under this head could not be rejrarded in the same l"_"-ht as articles entering Canada for home consumption. It is a uselul and profitable trade, but not one of the same character as that in manu- factured goods. The dutiable goods we imported .from ail other countries during the same year amounted to about lour millions of dollars, of which upwards of two million dollars woilh was composed of West Indian, including Spanish vVmerican products. The amount of goods we were able to purchaso from the Americans, out of the very large trade between them and us, came to only about two millions of dollars. That result was largely owing to the derangement of trade consequent upon the late civil war. The great and projuinent point to be remembcr(id, then, in this connection, is that our trade with the Americans was very much of this kind — that we sent them articles of the same character as wc imported. (Hear.) I take this opportunity ol referring for a few moments to a letter which Mr. Brydges has been kind enough to place at my service, containing the results of uis recent visit to the Lower Provinces, with respect to their trade, — I refer to a letter addressed by that gentleman to the Chairmen of the Boards of Trade of Quebec, Toronto, Montreal, and other Canadian cities. I call attention to the statement therein contained of the quantity of flour consumed in the Lower Provinces during the past year : — 2 /. / . 16 i! : ! ^1 W |1 1 New Brunswick 256,000 bbls. Nova Scotia 382,000 « Prince Edward Island 33,000 " Newfoundland 203,000 " Making a total of 874,000 " This is more than the average importation of flour into the United States from Canada. Mr. Brydges goes on to point out the channels of trade by which this flour and similar products of Canada are sent to the Lower Provinces ; and it will be evident to any one giving the mat- ter consideration, that by using properly the existing sources of trade now at our command, and by constructing at an early day the Interco- lonial Kailway, we may expect to find very soon a market for our pro- ducts in the Lower Provinces which will be very beneficial to this country. (Cheers.) 1 think it would be interesting to the Committee to have some slight return made of the results of our Commission to the West Indies. Unfortunately, notwithstanding vigorous exertions on the part of the Hon. Provincial Secretary and his colleagues in the mission, the full results of the inquiry are not yet in the possession of the Government. The truth is that in dealing with the subject under their consideration, dividing it into so many branches, they have obtained or opened up a greater amount of valuable information than was originally anticipated j and in ultimately endeavoring to compress the whole into a compeodious report they have been delayed in placing the result of their operations before the House. If I had time to read the statistics of the trade of the United States with the West Indies and South America, I could convince the House of the very great opening that exists there for trade from this country, provided there is sufficient energy and enterprise among our mercantile men to take advantage of the field. I shall mention a few articles which we might furnish as well as the United States. The first I shall take is fish, the trade in which between the lattor and the West Indian Islands amounts to very considerably over a million of dollars. Then the article of house furniture may be referred to, as representing a trade of half a million dollars j and the trade in ice, which amounts to one hundred thousand dollars. All these articles wo could surely supply as easily and cheaply as the United States. (Hear, hear.) Hon. Mr. Holton. — To what countries does your return apply? Hon. Mr. Galt— The British, French and Spanish West Indies, Hayti, St. Domingo, Venezuela and Brazil. There is a variety of other articles with which we might be able to supply those countries, extend- ing materially our trade with them. We might furnish many of the ar- ticles now going from the States, which are not in as favorable a position to carry on a trade of this kind as Canada, owing to the heavy duties there imposed upon all commodities. The amount of lumber exported to those countries is enormous, the quantity going to Jthe « )0 bbls. [)0 " 00 " OO " 00 " the United :hc channels a arc sent to nng the raat- :ces of trade • the Interoo- i for our pro- ficial to this 10 Committee nission to the exertions on agues in the session of the (t under their e obtained or Bras originally le whole into the result of le statistics of nth America, t exists there energy and the field. I wbll as the hich between considerably irniture may ars ; and the 8. All these the United a apply ? West Indies, riety of other ries, extend - ny of the ar- ible a position the heavy nt of lumber ;oing to Jjthe If British West Indies amounting in value to about $350,000, and to the Spanish, exclusive of shooks and staves,upwardsof$l,500,000, while the value of all kinds of lumber exported to those islands, including shooks and staves, reaches $2,500,000. Then vegetables, oats, peas, barley and numerous other articles annually sent to the West Indies might form part of the cargoes leaving this country and the other British Provinces, in- stead as at present of those leaving the United States. The American export trade with those countries is no less than sixty millions of dol- lars, and it is not assuming too much to suppose that with the intelli- gence and energy of our merchants directed to that end, we may before long succeed in engrossing a very considerable portion of that trade, and decreasing, of course by the same amount, that now enjoyed by the United States. We know that a large portion of the former export trade of the United States embraced merely goods in transitu to these countries. But subjected, as goods manufactured in and entering the States are now, to heavy duties, they no longer stand in a favorable position, and the result must be that either the United States will supply goods from their own stocks, at enhanced prices, or the exports will be kept down. Hod Mr. Holton. — Were there any obstacles to our trade with those countries heretofore ? Hon. Mr. Galt. — I am not aware; but the fact is we found a .majrket for those articles in the United States, and it will be admitted that when there is a buyer coming to your own door there is urgent temp- tation to soil to him. The United States have now said it is not in the interest of their country to continue their former commercial relations with us, and the consequence is we are drivon to sock the means whereby we can supply those articles, raised by us and consumed iu the West Indies, direct by our own channels rather than through thoie of the United States. (Hoar.) Adverting to the remarks I have already made, it will be evi- dent that the course of the Government on tiie present occasion must be to recommend an increase of duties on certain articles, and a reduction on others. And it is hoped and believed by the (lovernment that the changes proposed will be conducive to the prosperity of the country, by tending to develop our foreign market, while at the same time they will not prejudicially affect any existing interest. I think, Mr. Chairman, it will be universally admitted that there is no source of income which we are more entitled to draw upon than duties of excise. I have stated on a previous occasion that 1 believed the only limit we need observe in regard to raising the duties of excise was the point at which it was found we must lose revenue thereby. We have not yet reached that point. We have found for example that the manufacture of distilled spirits has risen from three millions of gallons per annum to four millions under an excise duty of 30c per gallon. We know the c 3 a /y 18 (■ i il! country with which in this respect we are brought into oompetitioD, and that the excise duty imposed b^r the United States is 32 per gallon, which, unking allowance tor the diflfcrence of the currency of the two coun'''i?.s respectively, is a very much higher duty than ours. This being tu-j case, the Government think it will be in the public interest that there should be a large increase in the excise duties on spirits, and it will be my duty to propose an increase accordingly. The change I shall now submit fur the approval of the House is an increase of the excise on spirits from HOc to GOc per gallon. With regard to beer, it is not pro- posed to increase the present- excise; T do not think wo can make much change, the duty on this article bearing abou!; a fair proportion to that proposed for spirits. With regard to tobacco we do not intend making any change either. I do not hesitate to say that if we had the ma- chinery of collection in proper order, I should recommend an increase of tobacco duties. But until wc obtain a more perfect machinery for this purpose, the increui-e of duties upon it would not lead to an increase of our revenue, but to frauds upon it. I do not assume that, with the increase of the excise on spirits we arc to have a quantity equal to that of the past year's manufacture ; on the contrary, I assume that there will be a falling otF from 4,000,000 to 3,250,000 gallons, which experience teaches us is less than the average consumption during the last six years. The revenue from Excise, then, under the proposed change, I assume, will amount to 32,550,000, which is that which we will ask Parliament to impose. I now come to the changes in the tariff. All the Customs du- ties on spirits laust necessarily be modified in order to meet the in- creased duty of Excise. We propose to go beyond that,and to impose a speci- fic duty ou brandy, gin, rum, whiskey and otiierspirits, amounting to 70c. per gallon — ten cents more than the excise. In regard to brandy, we find that in reality the country is supplied with a spurious article. There is no question that the greater portion of the brandy sold here is made from T/hiskey. Now, we desire that if the people pay for brandy they should get the genuine article. (Hear, hear.) We see no reason why they should pay a higher duty on this particular description of spirits tlian upon any other. Therefore^we propose to put the whole oi the spirit dutiod on a uniform footing of 10c. per gallon higher than the Excise duty. The (^ftect of this change will be to increase the importa- tion of certain kinds of spirits, such as brandy. At the same time, I hope and believe that the cifect of this increase of duty on spirits will be to induce the people of this country to consume, to a greater extent, otbor aud less hurtful beverages than at prosent. There is reasou t(t believe they will find an inducement in the cheapening of other liquors, Kueli as vines, to give up the consumption of an article that all will agree is attended with very hurtful consequences. (Cheers.) With regard to tobacco, 1 have to .state that, after giving our best considera- tion to the subject, the Government have come to the conolusion that s>n >mp6tltioD, and r gallon, which, e two coun* ijs Phis being Cu'j rest that there and it will be ;e I shall now the excise on , it is not pro- lan make much portion to that intend making c had the ma- nd an increase chineryfor this I to an increase e that, with the ty equal to that ) that there will lich experience e last six years, mge, I assume, isk Parliament • le Customs du- o meet the in- impose a speci- lounting to 70c. to brandy, we purious article. idy sold here is pay for brandy \i see no reason description of at the whole ol ligher than the se the importa- e same time, 1 on spirits will greater extent, re is reason to f other liquors, le that all will Cheers.) With best considera- conclusion that • J: 19 there is nothing connected with the tobacco trade that ought to induce them to put any higher duty of Customs on the manufactured article than the present Excise rates. Unmanufactured tobacco will still be admitted I'rce. (Hear, hear.) I must now refer to a class of articles which 1 have no doubt every member of the House has considered deserving of notice in cousc([ucucc of the abrogation of the Keciprocity Treaty. I rel'cr to Indian corn and the coarse grains that we import from the United States. 1 confess that, for many reasons, it oc- curred to me it would be well to avoid putting any duty on them. (Hear, hear.) My individual opinion is that it would be well, in every re- spect, if wc could avoid putting duties on any articles consumed in ibis countrv. But wc are unabic to do so, and besides we have to consider, to some extent, what the temper of our people at present is, and whether the policy we adopt is likely to produce changes in the policy of the United States. For these reasons it is the intention of the Government to im- pose a small duty on butter, cheese and other articles, as will be seen by the Resolutions, and on Indian corn, barley and other coarse grains coming here from the States, but not on wheat, of ten cents per bushel ; but the Government propose, at the same time, to ask the authority of Parlia- ment to remove the duty in the event of the United States making a re- duction on similar articles exported thither from this country. If it should be the case that injury to our trade appears likely to re suit from the course wc propose — and 1 am inclined to think it would be wiser, perhaps, to open our ports free to the importation of those articles — we can hereafter make any change which appears most beneficial. Hut I believe the feeling of the country is in favor of the imposition of some duty on articles heavily taxed by the United States on their importa- tion from Canada, so as to protect our own producers and encourage con- sumption at home. In answer to Hon. Mr. Holton, Hon. Mr. Galt went on to say — We propose to put a small duty on imported flour, but none on wheat. Hon. Mr. Brown — How much do you propose to put upon flour ? Hon, Mr. Galt — Fifty cents a barrel. I shall now refer to another point which has engaged attention on several occasions — namely, the free ports. (Hear, hear.) We consider, from all the evidence in our possession as to their working, that it is not for our interest that they should be maintained. We therefore propose to abolish them, (Cheers.) There is only one other article on which the Government proposes to in- crease the duty, and that is tea. We propose to add to the present specific duty three cents per pound, making the whole duty on that article — assuming that the quality and cost price of the tea that will be imported will remain the same as in former years — between twelve and twelve and a half cents per pound, instead of as at present, about nine cents per pound. Having regard to the American duty on lumber, it ia proposed to invite the House to put a small export duty on saw-logs. :i r/ 20 ■f The effect of the Amcrioan duty at this moment is to give an absolute bonus to the importation of Haw-logs iuto the Stutcn. Wc cousider, however, that there should be an obstruction placed on the exportation of that article, which is taken away from our mills to bo muuufaotured iuto lumber to compete with our own. (Hear, hear.) There is also another point which I must advert to, and that is the mode of levying the du- ties — Hon. 3Ir. Brown — How much do you propose to put on saw-logs ? Hon. Mr. Galt — Twenty-five cents per standard pine log. It is also considered desirable to alter the mode of levying the duties, which is at present attended with so much difliculty. It is proposed to levy them in a manner resembling the American system, which assumes as a basis their cost at the place of production together with all tho accumu- lated charges which make up their market value at the port of shipment, \ believe tho change is one which will give satisfaction to the Trade, and it will yield an increased amount of duty of $263,000. The total amount of increased revenue estimated to be derived from the articles I have alluded to, namely, from the spirit duties, tea, tobacco, the abolition of free ports, the charges resulting from tho abolition of the Ileoiprocity Treaty, the export duty on saw-logs, and tho new mode of levying the duty, is e2,<)10,797. (Cheers.) Hon. M. HoLTON — Is that the whole amount of tho increase in the revenue ? Hon. Mr. Galt — The total revenue to be derived from the articles which I have mentioned will be as stated. Hon. Mr. Brown — Including the whole duty on tea ? Hon. Mr. Galt — The whole of tho tea, sugar and spirit duties. I am referring, of course, to the Customs duties; but now I will give the total of the Excise. Hon. Mr. Holton — But what will bo the increase from the Customs ? Hon. Mr. Galt — About $700,000 ; but the hon. geutlcmau will sec, when I complete my calculations, what the probable result will bo. Well, sir, the remaining articles in tho Customs Tarifl", at existing rates, aro estimated to yield $4,334,105 ; and consequently tiio total estimated amount of Customs, at the existing rates and with the changes I have mentioned, would be $7,244,902, and of Excise, 92,550,000, making together the sum of §9,794,902, which, with the minor receipts I referred to before — namely, the Crown Lands, Post Ofiice, &c., amount- ing to $3,925,333— would make a total estimated income of $13,720,23.5 against a total estimated outlay of $12,370,150. Consequently, the changes which I have mentioaed in the Excise aud Customs would leave at the disposal of the Committee the amount of $1,344,085; and I think, sir, when we come to consider the mode in which that sum will be applied in the way of reduction of duties, it will be found entiicly to justify the changes proposed in the way of increase. (Hear, hear.) Now, sir, in proposing to deal with this estimated sum of $1,344,000, 1 01 Ul cl th w •;.| I m M _f 1 % ^Sl aa absolute ler, however, tion of that lotured iuto uIbo another ying the du- baw-logs ? ;;. It is also , which is at o levy them ssuincs U8 a the accuuiu- of shipmcut. ic Trade, and , The total the articles tobacco, the )lttioQ of the new mode of reaso in the 11 the articles uticM. I am ill give the le Customs ? lau will sec, be. Well, ig rates, are li estimated iges I have ^00, making receipts 1 :c., amount- 113,720,235 [uently, the [would leave )85 ; and I lat sum will entiicly to [car, hear.) [,344,000, I 21 may be permitted to advert to the principle that I think ought to govern us, as far as circumstances will permit, in the readjustment of our tariff. In doing this, I will take first the article of sugar. Now, under any circumstanccH, it would have become my duty to propose changes in the duties ou sugar. They are objected to as not resembling those of any other country. They arc not known in the foreign markets where sugai is produced and sold ; and great diihculties arise from uni- form rates not being levied at our ports. For these reasons it has appeared desirable that some new scheme be adopted with regard to them ; and the rjovcrnment, after getting the best information on the subject which it could obtain, and after receiving reports from skilled officers in its service, has come to the conclusion that the interests of the country will be best promoted by adopting the English standard of duties for all qualitios of sugar, brown and refined. We think that, ir- respective of the (jucstion of the amount of duty to be derived, there are many collateral advantages in our having here the standard adopted by one of the largest sugar-purchasing countries in the world — a standard which is known to all countries where sugar is produced — a standard which affords the advantage of having decisions by the most skilful officers in England on all questions that could arise in the matter — a standard, which in England is found to be based on what is due to the consumer. We propose, then, to adopt the English duties with regard to this article, and 1 may mention that, in the aggregate, they do not differ very materially from our own. We shall, however, lose somewhat by adopting the English tariff — probably about $150,000 on the total amount of duty, a sum about equal to the increased duty we propose to put on tea. The aggregate du- ties ou tea and sugar, as now proposed, will be about the same as we derive from those articles under the existing tariff; but we shall have this advan- taj?e in regard to sugar, that, as I said before, we will have a standard of duty known to all the countries in the world with which we have dealings in sugar — a scale somewhat lower than that in use now, and one more pro- portionate to the varying qualities of sugar imported. But in altering the sugar duties, it becomes necessary also to alter the duties on mo- lasses J and with regard to this article, it is the intention of ihe Govern- ment to recommend that, the duties shall be made, as in England, pro- portionate to the duties on sugar. Wo shall thereby assume a classifica- tion that will be found to prevent the improper practices to which the revenue has been subjected, by the introduction into the country, under the form of molasses, of an article which might be termed liquid sugar. (Hear,hear.) We shall by this change gain about $72,000 in the revenue from molasses, unless a larger quantity henceforth enters the country uuder the name of sugar. The duties it is proposed to levy on sugar and molasses are as follows : — Candy, brown or white refined sugar, or sugar rendered by any process equal in quality thereto, and manufactures of refined sugar. $ 3.00 per 100 lbs. 22 .1 : I ^ i n i. White clayed sugur, or sugar equal to white clayed $2.60 per 100 lbs. Yellow miiscovado and brown clayed sugar ... 2.25 << Brown muscovado sugar 2.00 *' Any other kind of sugar 1.75 " Cane juice 150 " MolasHCH 1.00 " Hon. Mr. Holton — What relation do those duties bear to thu Eng- lish scale ? Hon. Mr. Galt. — They are just the same; we have followed the lOnglish scale in everything. There is the sumo amount of duty per pound and per hundred weight, and the tariff is, in fact, the English tariflf. With regard to molasses, instead of assessing the duty by measure, which gives rise to frauds upon the revenue, wc shall now levy the rate per 100 lbs. (Hear, hear). T now come, Mr. Chairman, to the wine duties; and with ref- erence to them I may say that I should bo very glad if any alfer- ations in the duties shall have the effect of increasing the eon- sumption of wine and decreasing the consumption of spirits. (Hear, hear). I think the Ooramitteo will agree with mo that wine is one of those articles whose importation we should encourage from France and also from Spain and Portugal, in exchange for the productions of our own country. I think the more we can iniroduco it into the Province the better for the people in every sense. (Hear, hear.) Our duties on wine are not high now, but they are open to this objection, that, being a*/ valorem, wc do not obtain the real amount of revenue that ought to be derived from the importation of the article. If any hon. gentleman will take the trouble to look at the lleturn shew- ing the importations of wine, and remember that the average duty on all kinds is only about 14 cents per gallon, he must find, I think, that in the revenue derived from it there must be a very considerable loss to the Province from fraud. I think, therefore, that in this case, as in that of sugar, we may with advantage adopt the English plan of levying the duties. The standard adopted by England in its treaty with France was one based on strength rather than value. That standard, I find, was the result of the most elaborate enquiry by skilled chemists and officers of the British Customs in all the wine-growing countries in the world ; and that enquiry goes to shew that the fairest mode of assessing the duty is according to the strength of the wine rather than its bulk. The duties, as now established in Kn '"nd, are, consequently. Is. per gallon on wine not above the strougth of 26 over proof, accord- ing to Syke's hydrometer ; 2s. 6d. on wines between 26 and 42 over proof; and 3d. additional per gallon for every degree of strength beyond 42 over proof. Now, it is not necessary for us to adopt the English S'^ale of dnties, but there are reasons for adoptiog the Euglish standard i 'fi *i j^fs- 1 with rcf- ' any alfer- n; the con- in. (Hear, at wine is cncouraf;c cchangc lor an iniroduco ise. (Hear, open to this I amount of f the article. Leturn shew- rago duty on hink, that in rablc loss to s case, as in in of levying treaty with at standard, ed chemists ig countries rest mode of rather than jonsequently, »roof, accord- and 42 over ingth beyond the English ish standard i for levying them ; and therefore I propose, sir, to submit resolutioDS whereby l\\v wine duties will be — On wine in wood, containing not over 2C dogroes of proof spirits 10 cents ^ gal. On wine ount?iining over 20 degrees and less than 42 degrees oi' proof spirits 25 " " On wine containing over 42 degrees of spirits On wine in bottle, except Hparluing wine $1 21) '^ dozen. Half pints 00 " With regard > sparkling wine, the Qovemment propose to adopt a ditl'crcnt scale, and I will state to tho Committee the reasons therefor. It is found that a very largo proportion of tho sparkling wine brought into this country is spurious — that is, it is not the honest product of the vine-grower. Now, I think that it is desirable to protect the public as fur as possible against such a fraud as this; and it is certain that if the sparkling wines imported here are not genuine, thev can afford to pay a higher rate of duty than other descriptions. It is therefore proposed to impose a duty of $3 per dozen on genuine sparkling wines, their genu- ine character to be vouched for by a certificate of growth ; and on wines riot accompanied by this certiiionte, a duty of $4 per do/en. (Hear, hear.) • Then, with regard jo tho article of coffee, it •is proposed to make the duty three cents per lb., instead of three cents per lb. and 5 per cent. uf expanding (Hear.) I on the Com- hich we pro- ince ; and it consent pro the Excise md. (Hear, House to it the same reased duties e House, the be collected; I enable the le increased of the Com- he Province, enditure for d therewith, ' the public mean those 27 portions of the public debenture debt which will fall due with- in the current year, and also the floating debt, which will ma- ture. The debentures falling due this year are priuoipally com- posed of two kinds— the $1,500,000 borrowed from the IJank of Mont- real three years ago, when the hon. member for Chateauguay was Minister of Finance, and the sum of £140,000 sterling, which Is the remaining portion unpaid of the Imperial guaranteed loan. India bonds are held to meet this latter sum, and consequently it is not neces- sary to consider it. There is also a small amount of Welland Canal debentures maturing this year, making together $2,570,000, from which the sum of $681,000 of India bonds being deducted, leaves $1,889,000 to be provided for within the year. The floating debt due in England on the 1st of October amounts to $3,1 52,000. I may say with regard to that debt, that £520,000 sterling of it was borrowed at a rate of interest of eight per cent., payable in October next, and that bonds are held as security for it. This loan was made to the Pro- vince in or about the month of January, for the purpose of apply- ing it to the reduction of the floating debt. To the Bank of Montreal we shall owe on the 1st of July next $750,000 besides, which bears interest at the rate of seven per cent. Hon. Mr. Brown — Is that in addition to the loan for militia pur- poses ? Hon, Mr. Galt — It is in addition to the million and a half borrowed from the bank three years ago. Hon. Mr. Holton — When was it borrowed ? Hon. Mr. Galt — Three or four weeks ago. When the Government found that they would have to call out upwards of twenty thousand men for service on the frontier, and it was quite unoertain as to the extent of expenditure to which they might be obliged to go, they thought it prudent to apply to the bank for that loan. We have not as yet used the money, having had the means of getting along without it ; but at the same time a portion, though not a large portion of it, will be used in the payment of that expenditure. After making these payments, we shall have left $674,000, deducting which sum from the total amount duo, $3,902,000, will leave the sum of $3,228,000 of float- ing debt to be provided for within the year. This added to the $1,889,000 of debenture debt which matures, will make a total to be provided for of $5,117,000. Now, I am bound to say, that to make pro- vision for this large sum of money, independent of the ordinary require- ments of the country, will demand the most careful consideration of this Committee. The Government have given the best attention in their power to it, and I shall now have the honor of submitting to the Com- mittee the views they entertain as to the means which, in their opinion, it is necessary should be taken for the maintenance oi the public credit. I am bound to state, that in view of the disturbed state of affairs in ^/ 28 I! •ill p]urope, and of the money market in England, we are not of opinion that it is possible to raise that money by means of loans in England in time to meet our obligations as they mature. AVc do not think it is possible, on any terras which we could submit to the favorable consider- ation of this House, to meet those engagements by means of foreign loans. (Hear, hear.) The difficulty we experienced in carrying over the sura of five or six hundred thousand pounds sterling, when the state of financial affairs in England and Europe was by no means so bad as it is now, was such that we believe thut any attempt to renew that debt by means of a short loan would be disastrous to the finances of the country, and bring about a calamity the responsibility of which we are not prepared to assume. If we feci, therefore, that we cannot raise the money by means of a foreign loan, we have only one course left us to pursue, and that is to raise it frora Canadian resources in Canada. (Hear.) There is only one way in which we sec that the difficulty can be sur- mounted, which is by resuming for the Province a portion of the credit it has hitherto given to the Chartered Banks of the country. (Hear.) I think, sir, the time has arrived when wo must assume a sufficient portion of the circulation to enable us to meet the liabilities we have now to provide for, and it is somewhat fortunate that we are thus compelled to consider this question of the cur- rency before the expiration of the bank charters in 1870. Were we to allow matters to go on until then, without deal- ing with the question, it would be found next to impossible to re^ sume the privilege which has been conceded to the banks. If now, however, we are able to take a portion of the currency into our own hands — not making it irredeemable but redeemable in gold — I think we may be able to submit to the monetary institutions of the country such conditions as will induce them very shortly to surrender their power of issuing circulation altogether, and we may look forward to the establish- ment, within the Province of Canada, of a currency which will be based on the security of the public, and will give to the bill-holders such guarantees as will not expose them to the financial depressions and panics which have frequently arisen in other countries. (Hear.) 1 do not propose now to go at length into the details of the scheme— they will be laid before the House at an early opportunity — but the principle is this ; the Government propose to ask from Parliament power to issue notes, redeemable in specie on presentation in Montreal or Toronto, to the extent of five millionsof dollars ($5,000,000). They also propose to agree with any banks which will surrender their right of circulation to give them a rate of interest on their average circulation of notes, not to exceed five per cent., for the remainder of the poridd until the expiration of their charters. (Hear.) They propo.se of course alway.s to require a sufficient amount of specie to be held against the Provincial circulation, to ensure that under no circumstances by any possibility can the slightest doubt attach to the redemption of the notes as they may be ■if I 3 lot of opiniou i in England lot think it is able consider- 3 of foreign jarrying over vhen the state IS so bad as it lew that debt nances of the which we are nnot raise the t U8 to pursue, ida. (Hear.) y can be sur- ortion of the ' tho country, ust assume a the liabilities natc that wc f the cur- 3 in 1870. irithout deal- )ssiblo to ro- les. If now, into our own — I think we country such licir power of the establish- |will be based lolders such essious and lear.) 1 do ulicme— they the principle ower to issuu Toronto, to iilso i)roposc f circulation ion of notes, (»d until tho curse always 10 Provincial oHsibility can they may be V 29 brought forward. There will be held against them in the first place specie, varying in amount with the amount of tho issue ; and in the second place, securities of the Province for the remainder of the m-,\c. while behind all that will be the engagement of Parliament to make good to the holder in gold the face-value of every note ho has. (Hear, hear.) It is plain that the requirements of the country can be met in this way alone, and that they can be met in this way is considered certain. The probability is that when the whole of the features of the scheme are laid before this Committee, Avhich I propose shall be done on Thursday next, it will be found that the Government offer sufficient inducements to the banks to come into the plan and give it their support. If, however, it turns out that they entertain different views, then the Government, having obtained from Parliament the power of issuing their own notes and making them a legal tender — of course only so long as they are redeemable in specie — will use other channels for getting them into circulation. (Hear, hear.) I have thus adverted generally to the position ol the country as in- dicated by the accounts of the past year, and have stated what our hopes and fears are in refei'cnce to that which is approaching ; and, while I have to apologize to the Committee for having detained it at such length, T trust I may be permitted in conclutsion to say a few Avords in reference to the position wc now hold. (Hear.) There is no doubt whatever, Mr. Chairman, that the condition wo arc now in is one of transition. We arc about to pass from being a single Province to become a portion of a congeries of colonies, giving us — not, individually but collectively — very much greater influence than we have hitherto pos-sessed. In all probability this is the last session wc .shall hold as the Parliament of (Janada, and I venture to suggest that it may hereafter be a subject of Congratulation to us that in the last year iif our isolated state we saw ourselves in a position to overcome the linancial difficulties we have been so long contending against. (Hear.) Again, while we know that we may be called upon to make greater sacri- Kccs in maintaining our position than we have done heretofore — sacrifices not merely of treasure but possibly of blood — we have the satisfaction of knowing from the history of the past year that those sacrifices will iheerfully be made. (Hear, hear.) We are no longer in doubt as to tho support of our own people — wo see how nobly they will stand by their institutions — and surely we may take this as an indication not that the people are dissatisfied with theprospect of entering into a new phase of existence, or with the course the Imperial Government is pursuing, but that they are pleased with the position which past legislation has aided in securing, and satisfied with the prospect of that place in the future which has been indicated to them by this Parliament. They think, sir, wc may now be sure, that it will add to their prosperity, and feel happy that it will bind them closer in that connection with Great Britain which they so dearly prize. If this bo the case — if this be a fair deduction ^9/ 80 ill. from the events of the past few months — I say wo may be proud that ouv career as sin isolated colony will terminate in such a spirit. Finally, I think it will bo well if in the last session of the Provincial Parliament of ('anada we shall have been able to approximate in some measure to that system of political economy which is bearing such magnificent fruits in the niothcr country — to remove some of the burdens which weigh on the industry cf the people, and to open new markets for their products. (Hear.) Tf wo have lost the markets of the United States, we have at the same time shown our desire to open new channels by which the productsof our people may reach other countries. We have not merely con- lined ourselves to au investigation — carried on though it has been under the personal supervision of one of the members of the Government — but we now hold forth the olive branch t-> the mother country, showing by our legislation and our official acts our disposition to join with her in carrying out a truly liberal policy. If there is one thing more than another which will soon bring our American friends to reason — for I shall always continue to call them friends though for the moment they are commercially estranged, and I shall always de?ire to renew with them our former intercourse — if there is one thing I say which will bring thorn round to a sense of the commercial relations which ought to exist, it is the ieeling that we are to a certain extent adopting a course which will make us independent of them. (Hear, hear.) If there was one thing more than another, apart fiom the irritation growing out of the events which happened during the late war, which instigated them in abrogating the Reciprocity Treaty, it was the belief that they could compel us into a closer political alliance with them. It is therefore de- sirable, and indeed our manifest duty to show them, not in a spirit of hostility, but certainly in that of indepsndence, that while we value their friendship, and value their trade, we will not conform to unreasonable terms and will not have either our commercial policy or our political allegiance dictated to us by any foreign country. (Cheers.) C ^■n »roiid that ouv t. Finally, I Parliament of easurcio that it fruits in tho (reigh on the icir products. !S, wc have at by which the Dt merely con- as been under L'rnment — but ,^, showing by oin with her ^ tuore than eason — for I ment they arc sv with them h will bring ught to exist, course which here was one ig out of the tigatcd them at they could therefore de- in a spirit of ee value their unreasonable our political THE P K O P O S K D CANADIAN TARIFF. SPECIFIC DUTIES. Spirits and Strong Waters, viz. : — Spirits or Strong Waters not being sweetened or mixed with anj article, so that the degree ol strength thereof cannot be as certaincd by Sykes' Hydrome ter, for every gallon of the strength of proof by such hy drometer, and so in proportion for any greater or less strength than the strength of proof, and for any greater or less quantity than a gallon, viz. : — Brandy Gin Kum Whisky Spirits of Wine Alcohol, not being Whisky. Perfumed Spirits, to be used in perfumery only.... Cordials, other than ginger,orange, lemon, gooseberry, strawberry, elder and currant wines *Acetic Acid and Vinegar Ale, JJeer and Porter, in casks... Do do in bot... ) 4 quart or 8 pint bot. to the gal. j Wiues of all kinds, except Spark- ling Wines, containing not over 2t> degrees of proof spirits by Sykes' Hydrometer, in wood... Old Duties. 30 p. c. k 15c. p. gal. 100 '' 15c. " 100 " 15e. " 40 cts. per gallon. \ 100p.c.&15c. p. gal. 20 per cent. 20 100 p. c. &15c. p. gal. u 20 " 4c. 30 per cent. 07 30 p. c; 5 bot. to gal. 20 per cent. *Acetic acid waa charged 20 per cent. ; Vinegar as above. I? 82 SPECIFIC DUTIES. r w i 1 Do do containing over 2G degrees and not more than 42 degrees of proof spirits by Syke.s' Hydrometer, in wood Do do containing not more than 42 degrees of proof spirits,by Sykes' llydrometcr, in bottles ^i.nd an additional duty of 3 cts. per gallon for every degree oi" strength beyond 42 degrees. "Wine — Sparkling, of till kinds, in ))ottles, 4 in ({rts J)o do do in pts. And when not accompanied by a certilicate of growth, an addi- tional duty of ill quarts do do in pints SuGAft, viz. : — Candy — brown or white, refined sugar or sugar rendered by any process equal in (|uality thereto, and manufactures of relined su- gar, including succades and con- l';^ctionery White claved sutrar, or suuar ren- dered by any process equal iu (|uality to white clayed, not be- ing retincd or 0(|uai in (quality to refinod Yellow JMuseovado and brown clayed sugar, or sugar rendered by any process equal in quality to yellow muscovadu or brown clayed, and not e(ju;d to white clayed ]irown Muscovado sugar, or sugar rendered liy jiiiy jirocess eijual ill quality to brown muscovado, and not e(jual to yellow musco- vado iir brown clayed Any other sugar not equal in <|ua- lity to brown muscovado... Vroposrd Duties. " 25 i*cr doz. Quarts, 1 50 Pints, 75 per doz. ^3 00[ 1 50 u a 1 00 50 p. lOOlbs :J 00 a 2 m a ii 2 UO 1 76 Old Duties. 20 per cent. 15 p. c. & 8c. p. lb. 10 p. 0. iV 2c. per lb. Id Duties. )V cent. cSr ac. p. lb. 0. vV 2c. per 111 33 SPECIFIC DUTIES. Cane Juice Molasses Coffee, j:;rccn Koaatcd or ground . . . . (Chicory or other root or vegetable used as coffee, raw or green Chicory, kiln-dried, roasted or :round Proposed Duties. «»' Oils— Coal and Kerosene, distilled, puri lied and refined Naptha 13enzole lie tined Petroleum Crude Petroleum (< (( per gal. Tobacco — Manufactured, viz. : Cavendish (jommon cut Fine cut Canadian Twist..... Snuif and snuff flour, dry Snuff, damp, moist or pickled.... Cigars — Value not over $10 perM Do over $10 and not over ^20 Do over $20 and not over 840 Do over $40 per M Butter Cheese Lard and Tallow Fish, salted or smoked Wheat and llye Flour Flour and Meal of all other kinds of grain Grain of all kinds, except Wheat . Meats, fresh, salted ox smoked.... per lb 1 .50 1 00 per It) 03 I Old Unties. p. c. & 5c. p. gal. 5 041 30 03 3c. p. lb. He. a V20 per cent. 04 10 15 15 15 OG 10 05 15 02 10 08 2 00 10 cts. per gal. 15 cents per gallon. 80 p. c. k 10c. p. lb. 30 30 30 30 30 5c. 15c. 2c. lOc. 8c. (< (( 40 p. c. and S?2 per M. 3 00 40 " o U 4 00 40 " 4 (( 5 00 40 '< 5 u per It) 04 Free. It OIJ u u 01 u a 01 u per brl. 50 u p. lOOlbs 25 a per bush. C 10 u per Ih 01 u ^ ?/- \ / 34 AD VALOREM AND SPECIFIC. Tea Old Duties. lo. per ll» and 15 p. c. AD VAL()RI^:M— PUOrOSED DUTY, 25 per cent. Ciiuuiujou, niacc luid nutincj!;s ^ 8piccs, including ginger, pimento and pepper, ground j I'ateut medicines and medicinal ]>reparatious | not elsewhere spccilicd J Essences and perfumery, not elsewhere speciticd. Olil I) lit its. :J0 per cent. 20 per cent. AD YALOKEM— rUOPOSEI) DUTY, 15 per cent. Old J)utics. 25 per cent. Manufactures of Leather, including boots and") shoes, harness and saddlery } Clothing or wearing apparel made by hand or sewing machines Soap ^ Starch i Dlacking J. ',U) per cent. Dagatelle boards and billiard tables and rc'ha iMaiiutacturos ol' fur, or of which I'ur is the principal part Manufactures of hair or niohuir Manufactun-s of papicr-iuach6 Manufachiros of t^'rass, osier, pahu leaf, straw, whaU'bone or willow, except plaits elsewhere iiuMitioned iMamifacturcs of lioiie, shell, liorn, pearl and ivory •• • Manufactures of ,«;ul(l, silver, electro-plat(\ argentine, albata, anil (Jernian silver and pitted and i^'ilded ware of all kinds Manufactures of brass or cop|er Manufactures of leather or injitalion of leather Mannfacttiri's of wood not elsewhere sj)eeified. .Manufactures of cash mere Musical instrunieiils, includini; nmsieal boxes and clocks Mustard Machinery not elsewhere specified Oil cloths Oils, in any way rectitied or prepared, not elsewhere spccitied Ol)iuiu I'ackages, as nierehandise Paints and colors Paper Paper hangings Parasols and umbrellas Plaster of Paris and Jlydraulie Cement, ground and calcined Playing cards Pickles and »Sauees Preserved meats, poultry, lish and vegetables. Piinted, lithographed or copper-plate bills, /jill-heads, iVc, and advertising pamphlets . Shawls Silks, Satins and Velvets Silk, woolen, worsted and cotton embroideries, and tambour work Old Duties. 20 per ccut. 10 per cent. 20 per cent. IT ^90 Proposed Dnfi/, 15 pet- ant, Silk twist aD(l silk and mohair twist, not olso* where Bpecificd Spices, uiiground, includini^ K'^n*-''", pimento and pepper S ta tiotu- 1> Small wares Tobacco pipes 'i'oyn Niiniisli, other than bright or black Woolens Hook, map and newsprinting paper JMigravings and prints Flat wire for crinolines \ Jewellery and watches ^ Maps, charts and atlasscs, not elsewhere men- tioucd \ lloady-mado Sails I Spirits oi* Turpentine J Kiah-oil, crude or retincd \ Fish, products of v Animals *. Old Duties. \ 20 per cent. 15 per cent. 10 per cent. Uncovered, 10 per ct. Covered, 20 per cent. 10 per cent. L'ree. *».K PROPOSED TO BE FREE. Anchors — . Hrass, in bars, rods or sheets Hvass or copper wire, and wire cloth of brass or copper Copper, in bars, rods, ])olts or sheets Copper, brass or iron tubes and piping, when drawn fttON — (Canada plates and tin plates Galvanized and sheet Wire, nail and spike rod J]ar, rod or hoop Hoop or tire for locomotive wheels, bent and welded Roilcr plate KoUcd plate Lead, in sheet Litharge * Up to cwt., 10 p. c. Over cwt., free. 10 per cent. 38 Proposed to he Free. Locomotive and engine frames, cranks, crank ^ axles, railway car and locomotive axles, piston rods, guide and slide bars, crank pins and connecting rods Medicinal roots Phosphorus Silk twists, for hats, boots and shoes Steamboat and mill shafts and cranks, forged iu the rough Steel, wrought or cast Straw, tuscan and grass fancy plaits Tin, granulated or bar Zinc or spelter, in sheet Acids of every description, except acetic acid and vinegar Alum Anatomical preparations , Antimony Antiquities, collections of. Apparel, wearing, of British subjects domiciled in Canada, dying abroad Arn;ol .* Articles for the public uses of the Province.. Articles imported by and for the use of the Governor General Articles for the use of foreign consuls, when such consuls are subjects or citizens oi' the country they represent and not engaged in trade and commerce Ashes, pot, pearl and soda Bark, berries, nuts, vegetables, woods and drugs used solely in dyeing Bark, tanner.s' Bleaching powders ]>olting cloths Borax Bookbinders' tools and implements Books — Printed, Periodicals and Pamphlets, not being foreign reprints of Hritish copy- right works, nor blauk account books, nor copy books, nor books to be written or drawn upon, nor school or other books printed in this Province \ Old Duties. 10 per cent. F re 89 J^/ ' Duties. it. 1 Proposed to he Free. Bristles Broom corn Busts, casts and statues of marble, bronze or | alabaster, paintings and drawings, as works i of art, specimens of sculputure, cabinets of I coins, medals, gems, and all collections of • antiquities ' Burrstones and grindstones, wrougbt and uu- wrought Biscuit and Bread from (Jreat Britain and the \^. N. A. Provinces (^Gcoa Paste, from do do ... Cables — Iron chain Hemp and grass Caoutchouc, or India Rubber, and Gutta Pcr- cha, unmanufactured Carriages of travellers and carriages employed in carrying merchandise, hawkers and circus troops excepted Cement, marine or hydraulic, unground The following articles, when imported by and for the use of officers of Her Majesty's Forces serving in Canada, viz. : — Cigars for officers' mess Silver and plated ware for officers' mess. . China ware do (ilass ware do Table Linen do Spirits do Wines do Malt Liquor do Billiard Tables and Bagatelle Boards, when imported directly by and for the use of regimental corps serving in Canada. . . Clothing — Plain and military, imported by officers of the army servingin Canada. Cofte, Sugar and Tea, when imported by or taken out of warehouse for Her I\Ia- jesty's Troops serving in Canada, under such restriction, and regulations as may be prescribed by the Minister of Finance Old Duties. Free. Under I in. diam. 20 p.c. Over <-' free. Free. I 40 :| -illli Proj)oscd to he Free. Church Bolls ( *ommuuiou Plate Coal aud Coke Clothincf and Arms for Indian Nations Do for the Army aud Military Forces in the Province Commissariat aud Ordnance Stores Cork wood or bark of the cork wood tree. . . . (yotton and Flax waste (Cotton wool Cream of Tartar, in crystals niamouds aud precious stones, uot set Donations of c^thing, for gratuitous distribu- Old Duties. 20 per cent. tion by charitable societies. Drain Tiles, for agricultural purposes Drawings, as works of art Earths, clays, sand and ochres Eggs Emery, glass, and sandp-iper Farming utensils aud implements, wheu spc- )■ cially imported for the encouragement of | agriculture Felt hat bodies and hat felts .. Flax, hemp and tow, undressed Firewood Fire brick and clay Fish, fresh, for daily consumption Fishing nets and seines, hooks, lines and twines Furs and skins, pelts or tails, undressed Gems and medals Gold beater's brim moulds aud skins Grease and scraps Gravels Gypsum or Plaster of Paris, neither ground nor calcined Hair — angola, goat, Thibet, horse, or mohair, unmanufactured Hay :.:.;;;;; Hides, horns a Free. [udis: pelt 120 1 Junk and oakum Kryolite or Cryolite. 20 per cent. Free. Duties. 41 Proposed to be Free. Locomotives and passcn