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I* , -( t aft it'' '* Reprint) d from tfie Canadian Record of Science, Octofter, 1892." THE UTICA TERRANE IN CANADA. By Henry M. Ami, M. A., F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of Canada. Introduction. The following remaiks on the Utica formation in Canada are put forth by the writer, not only in the hope of bringing together and recording a series of factH obtained regarding the histoi-y of this interesting formation, but also with the express purpose of ari'iving at some definite and decided conclusion as to the true horizon and age to which certain slates and associated strata belong, occui'ring in the highly disturbed and faulted regions of North -Eastern America, which have been referred to several horizons by various writers, and more recently placed in the " Quebec Group " of Sir William Logan — on palseontological, stratigraphical and lithological grounds. To accompany this essay, or thesis, a table has been prepared showing the distribution of species known to date from localities where the Utica occurs in Canada, together with comparative lists of species from the same formation in the United States. ■ .. ;: /. •.;. ',H.M.A. Ottawa, March 28th, 1892: .! .•:*..•"•. *'' ' • • » • • « • ' •*« * • .«. • • . • • • ' ; • I • • • . 4 ■■• **.*-• • ■ • • * • • • • • • • The Utica Terrane in Canada. Historical Sketch — Through the writings of Groen, Orton, Rogers, Eaton, Mather, Conrad, Emmons, Hall, Whitfield, Walcott and others in the United States, together with- those of Sir William Logan, Billings, Murray, Hunt, Dawson, Chapman, Laflamme, Nicholson and Smith in Canada, the Utica toi-rane has been fairly well established and defined as marking a distinct horizon or period in the series of strata constituting the Cambro-Silurian or Ordo- vician Epoch in North America. Whether it is viewed from a palteontological, strati- graphical or lithological standpoint, the Utica characterizes an epoch in the evolution of this continent which may be readily recognized over wide areas. Fii'dt doacribed by New York geologists from exposures of that fumation near the town of Utica, N.Y., the Utica was defined as a " black and tender rock which reposes upon the Trenton limestone." By some of the early wi'iters it was spoken of as consisting of shaly strata whose total thickness exceeded nine hundred feet, whilst by others the very humble, yet perhaps truer estimate, was given of " about seventy-five feot in thickness." Stratigraphical characters and relations. — Inasmuch as the Trenton limestone is one of the most extensively developed and easily recognized terranes or horizons in America, and inasmuch as the Utica reposes directly upon it without any discordance of stratification whatever, the position of the Utica is therefore likewise easily known and ascertained. Wherever the sequence of Ordovician strata is unbroken, either by faults, foldings or denudation, from the Potsdam to the Hudson Rivor, the presence of the Utica has been 4 Cunadiim Record of Science. obNui'wd,' ilH l()H.sils rci'ogriizcil, its bitiiininoiis strata dutoct- 0(1, and its j)ositi()ii is cvorywlioio tho sumo botwoon the Troiiton (bolow) and liio IIiuIhoii Rivof (above). Tho following lablo indicatos tho soquoiico of lon-anos in ('an»(hi diii-ing that ]>orlion of PahiH)zoic timus when no brunk whutovcf occiirrod in tlio deposition of marine seditnontH, whoti life ])r()grossed and flourished in tho «|iiiet liepths of the Ordovicnm sens or along their shores. The relative position of tho Uliea is herein also indieutcd. Those Ordovician terranes are numbered from 1 to Y in the natural order in which they were deposited : — 7. HlIDHON RlVKU (= L0HKi»INB). * «i. Utica. 5. Trenton. 4. Bird's Eye and Bi,ack Rivkr. 3. CiiAzy. 2. CaIXJI FERGUS. 1. Potsdam. Tho remarkable continuity of the Tronton limestone, so abundant in fossil remains, and so uniform in its mode of occurrence and deposition th!Oughout the Piovinces of Quebec and Ontario in Canada, is admirably kept up in the succeeding Utica torrane, whilst the next higher terrane — the Hudson River — also presents similar characters of con- tinuity, uniformity in sedimentation, life, and in lithological characteristics. Coming in between tho Trenton and Hud- son River terranos the Utica is essentially a transitional series of strata, a link in the chain of terranes above noted. The following is a section of a portion of the lower Utica strata as they were observed on Crichton street, New Edinburgh, near Ottawa, during the excavation for water- works purposes in 1887 : — Feet. Inches. 1. Dark grey bituminous limestone band holding Leplivna sericea, Sowerby and other species .... 9 2. Soft, friable, purplish black disintegrating and fossiliferous shales boldlDg abundance of Or * * * * * * * * * * » * 17 * * * * * * * » * * * * * * * # * 22 a o * * » * * * * * * * « 15 la common. 15 13 The palroontological charactei-s of the Utica are exceed- 12 Canadian Record of Science. ingiy varied, the forms of life entombed in its strata belonging to almost all the classes of the Palteozoic fossils. No evidence of plant oi* fucoidal remains has been detected in the Utica of Canada. The mode of preseniation of the fossil remains is similar to the manner in which most fossils aie preserved in shales or finely divided clays and sands throughout palsBozoic strata. The calcai'eous portions of the shells of brachio- poda, lamellibranchiata and cephalopoda, are preserved as such, but ii'on pyrites often replaces (he lime, whilst the cbitinous structure of crustaceans, graptolites, etc , is alho replaced by iron pyrites in numerous instances. Amongst the most characteristic species which distin- guish this terrane from others, we find that trilobitcs play no unimportant part. In the lower half of the formation Asaphus Canadensis, Chapman— which may probablj'^ be identical with Hall's A. latimarginatus described in 1847 — may bo said to be veiy abundant indeed. Thousands of fragments of different sized individuals occur, which, when restored, would form individuals ranging fi'om one inch to ten inches and more in length. The genus Triarthi'us is also most characteristic of the Utica. In Canada the following forms occlm-: T. Beck', Green, T. glaber, Billingti, T. Canadensis, Smith, and T. spinosus, Billings. Embryonic forms of this genus are veiy abundant in certain portions of the middle Utica about Ottawa, and a suite of specimens has been obtained, with few exceptions, similar lo that obtained by Prof. Walcott, of the U. S. Geol. Survey, who has so admirably described the Utica of the United Slates and illustrated Triarthrus Becki in his " Utica and related formation " published in 1879. Triarthrus glaber is characteristic of the Utica outlier in the Lake St. John region, (Quebec, whilst T. Canadensis, with its peculiar genal angle produced into a piominent Bpineon each side of the head, is most abundant in the Utica shales of the islands in the northern portion of Lake Huron, such as the islands north of Maple Capo, &c. Triarthrus spinosus occurs intimately associated with Tlie Utica Ttrrane in Canada. 13 T. Bev/ei ill tlie Uticti of the Oltawji PuliBOzoic HuHin, in the Cdunty of Cuileton. It was armed with numerous Hpinos both on its head and body, besides tubercles or blunted spines on the occipital segment and on the pygidium. Besides thof^o trilobites vast numbers of the remains of Ceraurus pleurexanthemm occur in the shaly strata which crop out south of Rochesterville, Ottawa, between that vil- lage and Carling Lake. This form occurs here associated with Asaphus Canadensis and Triarthrus Becki, Green. In the calcareous bands of Montmorencl, Pointoaux Trembles, Ottawa, Whitby and Collingwood Galymene senaria occurs in tolerable abundance, but usually in detached fragments, the cephalon and pygidium only, being usually preserved. Amongst the cephalopoda, may be mentioned shells of Endoceras proteiforme showing the large size and tapering character of the endosiphon as it is flanked all around and on each side of the septate or camerate poi-tion of the shell. Individual specimens of this species have been found in the Utica of Gloucestei- and Ottawa whoso probable length, when peifect, was not less than six feet. Thousands of small orthocerutites usually referred to the j^enus Endo- ceras : — E. proteiforme, var tenuUtriatum, etc., etc., aie also found thioughout the Utica from Murray Bay and Lake St. John to Whitby and the Islands north of the Great Mani- toulin Ihland. Those individuals resemble closely the form described by Pj-olossor Hall as 0. lamellostim, and as they are found ap- pear to be true representatives of the genus Orthoceras. The shell in the younger examples must have been oxceed'ingly delicate and thin from the mode of preservation. These Orthoceratites are pre-eminently characteristic of the Utica. The GloHsophora or Gasteropoda are not numerous but interesting. As a rule they are crushed and pi-eserved as casts. Jn a few instances the lines of growth and sculptui-e is shown with considerable precision. Amongst the Lamellibranchiata we find such genera 14 Canadian Record of Science. a8 Pterinea and Modiolopsis represented. Pterinea insueta, Conrad, young individuals or a variety of the type species, aJHO Modiolopsis modiolaris, Conrad, occur in tolerable abundance, but Lyrodesma pulchellum, Emmons, may be said to be the commonest and most characteristic of this class in the Utica terrane. Of the brachiopoda — Leptaena sericea, Sowerby, Orthis teatudinaria, Dalman, and Strophomena altemata, Conrad, are found in the lower Utica shales almost everywhere; but one of the most chai'acteristic forms of this inteiosting class is the minute, though abundant, Leptobolus ins'gnis of Hall. Billings had observed its presence in the Montmorenci section and referred to it as a small Dhcina. On a small slab — the size of one's hand — theie may be counted some- times as many as twelve individuals — all in a tolerably good state of preservation — and presenting the characters of the genus remarkably well At Murray Bay, Lake St. John, Montmorency — around Quebec, at Montreal, Ottawa, Gloucester, Whitby, Collingwood, elc, this form occurs in almost evciy collection made and serves as a very good in- dicator of the presence of the Utica. Small individuals of Zygospira modesta, Say, are also vei-y characteristic and in- timately associated with the previously mentioned species. The Utica representatives of this species are rather diminu- tive, some individuals being scarcely more than one or two millimetres in length, and indicate or present the protegulum very markedly in such nepionic forms as we find especially about Ottawa. Amongst the most interesting of the brachiopoda how- ever, Si.phowitreta Scotica, Davidson, marks a very interest- ing horizon. One single individual of this species, alone, was found by the writer amongst the numerous collections of biachiopoda gathered together by the late Mr. Billings. To Mr. J. W. ir. Watts, of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club, and to Mr. Whiteaves is due the honour of discovering and making known this beautifully ornamented and setate tretenterate brachiopod. In a paper prepared by the writer and read in the winter of 1887, entitled : ^^ Notes on and the as— ggagg The Utica Terrane in Canada. 16 precise Geological horizon of Siphonotreta Scotica, Davidson.^* 1 had occasion to noto the exact band from which this in- teresting fossil came and gave a list of sixteen other species which were found associated therewith. Since then I have had the good fortune to obtain additional forms, associated with which is the Turrilepai Canadensis, Woodward — described by Di*. Henry Woodward in the " Gcol. Mag. No. 300, Dec. 3," vol. vi. p. 271 (1889.) The following is a list of the species occurring in the 'Siphonotreta band" along t'vo bank of the Rideau River, opposite the Rifle Range, Ottawa : — 1. Batontomella erratica, Ulrich. 2. Lingula curta, Hall. 3. " elongata, Hall. 4. " qvadraia, Eichwald. (^z^L. Cindnnatiensis, Hall and Whitfield.) 5. Leptxna sericea, Sowerby. 6. Strophomena alternata, Conrad. 7. Orlhis teslvdinaria, Dalman. 8. Zygospira Headi, Billings- 9. " " var. 10. " modcsla, Say. 11. Convlaria Trentonensis, Hall. 12. Li'perditia cylindrica, Hall. 13. Bei/richia ocvJifcra. Hall. 14. Asaphus Canadenm, Hall. 15. " plati/cephalun. Stone. vel. A. megistos, Locke. 16. Cdlymene senaria, Conrad. The above sixteen species all occur in the one band, from nine inches to one foot in thickness, associated with (17) Siphonotreta Scotica, Davidson, and (18) 'Turrilepas Cana- densis, Woodward. The Lingula) are eminently characteristic, especially Lingula Progne and Jj. curta, the former of which is abund- ant almost everywhere the Utica shales holding Asaphus Canadensis occur. The monticuliporidffi and Bryozoa generally have afforded but little material as yet. Batostomella erratica, Ulrich, has been recognized and identified by Prof E. O. f I' r 16 Canadian Record of Science. ll in Uli'ich, of Newport, Ky., US.A., whilst an obHCuro form ulliod to Arthi'oncma occuih in corlain bluily strata of liideau Ward, Ottawa. The graptolitbs are eminently cliaracteriHtic of the Utica. The most common species is the Orthograptus quadrimucronatus, Hall, which is found almoHt invariably in all collections of the Utica. Then Leptugraptus flacddus comes next. With the graceful and slender curving stipes of the polypary the surfaces of many slabs of Utica shale are literally covered. Another species of this genus, Lept. annectans, Walcott, has been found in one or two localities. The genus Climacograptus has also one representative at least, and that a foi'm closely related to C. Scharenbergi, Lapworth, or C. teretiusculus, llisinger. Considerable difficulty has been met in identify- ing this Climacograptus. and especially on account of the fact that the earlier types and descriptions in many in- stances included several foi me quite separate and distinct in structure, whose affinities have vet to be discussed and characters ascertained. Several small specimens of a diprionidian graptolite occurs abundantly in the Utica shales of Collingwood, Whitby, Ottawa, Montreal, &c., and is uj^ually leferred to the ubiquitous Diplograptus pristis, llisinger. Meteograptus (?) Euchans, Hall, another curious and interesting form, whose relations and affinities ai'e still obscure, has been met with at Montreal in the Utica of St. Helen's Island, and resembling closely the forms from the typical locality Lake St. John basin. The obscure parasitic hydroid ? Sagenella ambigua, Walcott, has been detected on the shells of several ortho- ceratites, but the identification of this form is very dubious. Eeferring to parasites, a small Cornulites, G. immaturum, Hall, has also been found in the Utica of Montreal by Mr. Thos. Curry amongst the dibris hauled up from the bottom of the harbour whilst the excavations were going on for the 28-foot channel. The material there obtained has kindly been placed at my disposal by Sir William Dawson, and amongst the forms detected the last mentioned proved to be rrrrsaiitmti The Utica Terrane in Canada. Vt an interesting addition to the fauna of the Utica. Serpulites dissolutus, Billings, han also been found in several localities. A fossil Hi^oxxgQ—Stephanella sancta, Hinde. has recently been described from the Utica shales of Ottawa in the Geol. Mag., new series, Dec. in, vol. viii, No. 1, for January, 1891, pp. 22-24, in a paper entitled : " Notes on a new Fossil Sponge from the Utica shale formation (Ordovidan) at Ottawa, Canada." This sponge proved to constitute a new and very simple type of a Lithistid sponge — whose spicules resemble closely those of the modern Tethoea — ^many specimens of which occur in the Post-Tertiary clays of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence river basins. Gbooraphioal Distribution. — Having glanced at the stratigraphical relations of the Utica terrane and at its lithological as well as chemical constituents, then surveyed over in a general way the palseontological characters, let us look for a moment at the geographical distribution of the same in Canada. In the Province of Quebec, the Utica is first met in the East in loose blocks and specimens brought up on the north shore of the Island of Anticosti by floating ice. There is scarcely any doubt that the Utica shales ocuui' in their proper and natural position between the Trentun and Hudson Eiver terranes — in the unbroken and fine sequence of OMovician strata northwest of Anticosti — and that on ac- count of their soft, brittle and easily denuded character they have been washed and carried away from that section now occupied by the north channel of the St. Lawrence Eiver. But the most easterly outcrop of the Utica as yet recoixled in situ occurs near the mouth of the Murray Eiver, Murray Bay — where Mr. W. F. Forrier made an interesting collec- tion of fossils which were determined and described by the writer in the ** Can. Eecord of Science " for 1887, pp. 101- 107. The paper is entitled : " Noteson Fossils from the Utica Formation at Point-dt-Pic, Murray River, Murray Bay (Que.), Canada." In this paper twelve species of fossils were noted, as follows : — 1. Diplograptus sp. (resembling D.pristis, Hiainger.) 2 18 Canadian Record of Science. 'J. Pachtidiclija 8p. :>. Leptoholun him(jn\», Hull, 4. ISiphonotrcta h\). ' 5. Liplnnu scnVvd, Sowerhy. H. <)rlliiHleKtU(Hn(iri(i, DiiliiiHii. 7. TrorhoHli .1 (itniinmin», Conrad. 8. Kndofi'rim protrifor.ne, Hall. 9. 'I)ri(irthru9 sp. 10. ('(Uijmenc xamritt, Conrad. 11. Lfpcrdiliu {Primitut) culindrim, Hall. 12. " probably n. sp. Tho Uticii tornmo occupies a more or Joss narrow and continuous belt along the north shore of the St. Lawrence from Cape Tourmente below Quebec, to Montreal, whence the belt trends to tho south and is seen in tho neighbour- hood of Lacolle, Clarenceville, etc. — then crossing the boundary line — rounding the edge of or skirting the Adiron dack range — to reappear north of Lake Ontario at and in the vicinity of Whitby — it crosses the Province to CoUing- wood where it again disappears beneath the waters of the Georgian Bay and continuing north and west strikes numerous points, capes and islands about the great Mani- toulin Island dying out to the west and overlaid by newer and overlying formations. In tho vicinity of Quebec the Utica terrane is mot at several localities. Characteristic species wore collected by Eev. Prof. Laflamme, Mr. St. Cyr, Mr. T. C. Weston, Dr. Ells and the writer within recent years, at Montmorenci, Beauport, St. Charles Eiver Flats, Charlosbourg, half-milo west of Charlosbourg, at Grondines, Pointo aux Trembles and Cape Santd, and also across the river at St. Antoine [de Tilly] interesting collections were made. At Montmorenci Falls, near tho bottom of tho falls and ravine the following characteristic Utica fossils were col- lected and detected by tho writer and Dr. Ells : — 1. Orlhograptus qtutdrimucronatus, Hall. 2. Diplograptm sp. 3. Climacograptus sp. 4» Reteograptm f Eucharis, Hall. I 77ie Utica Terrane in Canada. 19 6. IdngtUn carta, Hall. 6. Lt^toholuK inrigniii, Hall. 7. Lepltvna mrtcm, Soworby. 8. TtiurthruH fhcki f Greon. Neni- the mouth of tho Montmorenci lliver — close to the liuilway lirid^'j — tlie following mpeciuu occur : — 1. DiplograpluH 8p. indt. 2. Clirnucogrtiphis gp. 3. Orthograptus i/nadrimiicronatus, Hall. 4. LcptoboluH innignw, Hall. 5. Endocerm prnleiformc , Hall. 6. Triarlhrm liecki, Green. Alon^ the Boauport shore tho following species were ob- tained by Mr. D. N. St. Cyr, a devoted and zealous natuialist at the Museum of tho Department of Public Instruction, Quebec : 1. Schizoci'ania filom, Hall. 2. Leptama sericea, Sowerby. 3. Lyrodesma pulcfiellum, Emmons. 4. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall. 5. Asaphw Canadensis, Chapman. At Charlesbourg village— along the road from Quebec to Charlesbourg and a few yards south of the church — the fol- lowing forms were collected by Dr. W. Ells, Prof. Laflamme and the writer, in light coloured, calcareous shales : — 1. Leplograptm flacddm, Hall. 2. Strophomena or Rafinetquina sp. 3. Leperditia cylindrica. Hall- 4. Triarthrus Bechi, Green. But along a brook — about one mile west of Charlesbourg village, on the road to Lorette, the black bituminous shales of the Utica are seen to crop out and afforded the following characteristic forms : — 1. Onhograplus quadrimvcronatus, Hall. 2. Climacograptus sp. 3. Leptobolm insignis, Hall. All these are typical Utica fossils. 20 Canadian Record of Science. ■! In tho vicinity of Pointo aux TrombloH above Qutbeo, tho following Bpeciot) woronotod in n eollocttuu mudo by Hir VVui. Logan and hiH Hturt' in 1852 (?) ;— 1. Diploijraptutpririut Hisinner. 2. Orthugraptus iiuadrimucronatw, Hall. 3. Clinuicogrnplun bicornif t Hall. 4. Vhlodictya (/) B|>. 6. Anazyga recurviroftra. Hall. U. MwUolopm sp. 7. Calyment calliciphala, Greeo. From Cape Santd, Ihu following HpecioH have boon idontifiod from a colloction placed in tbo writor'H handti in 1882 :— 1. Cyathophycus reticviatvs, Waicolt 2. Orthugraptus qvadrimuneronater. Hall. 3. Dendrograptus sp. 4. Liptobolus ingignif, Hall. 6. " $p. 6. Ijepticna sericea, Sowerby. 7. Ptirinea inmeta, Conrad. H. I'hdocirag proteifonne, Hall. 9. Triarthrus Becki, (ireen. From a Bmall colloction of fossilH lubollod " Grondines," north Hide of tho St. Lawrence, tho following three formH were observed : — 1. Climacograpltu bicomisf Hall. 2. Diplograptua pristis ? Hall. 3. Leptoholus iningnis, Hall. From a collection of fossils from St. Antoino do Tilly — made by Mr. Weston — in 1887, there occurs several poi* tions of Triarthrus Becki, Green, in good state of preserva- tion, and from along the " Greve de Beauport." L'Abbd Lailamme sent a slab of shaly rock to the museum of tho Geological Survey, on which there were seen : — 1. Clinuicograptus tp. 2. Leptobolus ingignis, Hall. 3. Triarthrus Becki, Green. whilst on a similar slab, which from Charlesbourg, Que., Prof. Laflamme collected, the following forms occurred : — TViC Ulica Terrane in Canada. 21 1. Orthograplw quadrimucronatm, Hull. 2. Leptoboltu inriynis, Hull. 3. Triarlhrui Bechi, Green. Went of Pointe-uux-Tromblo8, near Quebec the Utica shales have not been obsorvod to crop out from beneath the the overlying till, or from under the overlying JFudtton Kivor terrane, except in the viinity of Montreal. Here, this formation, as well m mo-it of the Cambro-Silurian or Ordovician Htratu occurring in the neighbourhood, have suffered or been Hubjocted to conHidoruable elevation, and consequent denudation, on account of the volcanic ro&sHea occurring at this locality. At Jollotte, or " Industry Vil- lage," however, a smalt collection of fossils was made in 1862 by Sir Willitim Logan, and contains the following species, which point clearly to the prenenco of or decided close proximity to the Utica torrane, whence those speci- mens wore collected. They are : — 1. Slrophomena allenmta, f'onrad. 2. Leplirna sericea, Sowerby. 3. Orthin teiftudinaria, Dalman. 4. Asaphuii Canadeniiiitf Chapman. Fi"om an interesting collection made by Thos. ^urry, of the Bedpath Museum in connection with McQill Univer- sity, at the northern extremity of the Victoria Tubular Bridge, Point St. Charles, Montreal, the following species were identified by the writer : — 1. ClimacograptuK tp. 2. Leplograptus flacddun. Hall. 3. Orlhograptus quadrimvcronatus, Hall. 4. Diplograplus sp, 5- Orlhis testudinaria, Dalman. 6. Leptoholus inngnin, Hall. 7. Comuliten immnturum, Hall. 8. Endoceras proteifcr.ne. Hall. The shales in which " .'■ above were found are dark grey and bituminous, somewhat more calcareous than the shales of the Utica usually are, and somewhat indurated or altered, on account of the presence of the numerous dykes of syenite and trap which occur in this district. Not only 22 Canadian Record of Science. ,, near the above mentioned locality, but at the upper or western extremity of St. Holon's Island, opposite Montreal, the Utica is seen to crop out with its characteristic fossils. Amongst the most recent additions to the knowledge of the Utica and its fauna about Montreal is the occurrence of a series of shales seen at low water last season (1891), which yielded the following forms : — 1. Dmdrograplwi simplex, "Walcott. 2. Reteograptus f Eucharis, Hall- 3. Orthograptus quadrimucronalus, Hall. 3. CUmacograptus Scharenbergi ? Lapw. 5. Endoceras proteiforme. Hall. 6. Triarthrus Becki, Green. The Utica is also seen to crop out at and above Longueuil and then sweep round to the south by Laprairie, and is then overlaid by the Hudson Kiver shales of Chambly, St. Hya- cinthe, &c. Its measures have been examined by Dr. Ells in the 4th Kange, near Clurenceville, Que., during the summer of 1891, who made an interesting collection, in which the following fossils were detected: — Gyathohhycus reticulatus, Walcott, Olmacograptus sp., Orthograptus quadri- mucronatiis, Hall, Endoceras proteiforme, Hall, and Triarthrus Becki, Green. Near Lacolle, Que., one-eighth of a mile west of the Richelieu River Bridge l)r. Hlls also obtained Orthograptus quadrimucronalus, Hall, and 'Triarthrus Becki, (Ireen, which serve clearly to show that the Utica proper is here developed. About half a mile east of this village, however, and in the river alongside the road to Grand Trunk Station, the same gentleman has brought in a suite of specimens which yielded the following forms on examination : — 1. Climacograpttis bicornis f Hall. 2. Diplograpiu» of. D. rmicronatus. Hall. 3. Lepttvna sericea, Soworby. 4. Triarthrus Jkcki, Green. South of here the belt of the Utica crosses the international boundary line, as stated above, and curving south, west and then trending north crosses the waters of Lake Ontario to Tfie Utica Terrane in Canada. 23 reach the Province of that name — forming a belt of sevei'al miles in breadth — whoso sti-ata are almost horizontal with a gentle almost imperceptible dip to the southwest. Along the line of the Grand Trunk Railway, in some low cuttings, as well as in a number of localities between the lake " d the track where openings wore made for quarry and other purposes the Utica may bo seen. About Oshawa and Bowmanville, the black bituminous and brittle shales of this terrane are evident and fossiliferous. An interesting collection was made by the writer in 1883 at Whitby on a farm and lot, the property of Mr. Yei-ex, south of the G.T.R. track close to where a bore hole was put down by a company many years ago in order to find coal or petroleum. It was in spite of Sir Wm. Logan's assertions and statements regarding the strata in this neighbourhood not being coal-bearing or " carboniferous " that the com- pany sank the hole and found that as soon as the bituminous shales capping the Trenton were traversed, the limestones formed a compact and solid thickness of rock beneath. It is almost needless to state here that neither coal nor petroleum wei-e " struck " at this point, and furthermore that neither of these substanQcs occur in this region. Ex- cept the very small percentage of oil which can be extracted from the more bituminous shales of the Utica here as else- where — no reservoir of petroleum or occurrence of that mineral oil can be obtained in the rocks of this age. The fossil remains tound at the pit or (juarry, close to the bore-hole, Whitby, belong precisely to the same geological horizon as the shales in the vicinity of the Eideau Rifle Range, Ottawa, or as the shales at Collingwood to be described later on. The species recorded from this locality are: — 1 Leptograptus jUtccidua, Hall. 2, Ortliograplus (jtuHfHmucronalux, Hall. 3 Leploholus insigniK, Hall. 4. Lingula sp. 5. Lcplxna scricea, Sowerby G- Zygofipira modenta, Say. 24 Canadian Record of Science. 7. Lyrodetma puichellum, EmmoDS. 8. Trocholitea ammonius, Emmons. 9. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall. 10. Primitia Ulrichi, Jones. 11. Asaphui Canadensis, Chapman. 12. Triarihrus Canadenm, Smith. 13. Triarthnjis Becki, Green. 14. Crustacean,? {cf. ftiif^ment of EchinognathtuClevelandi,'^.) Then, following northward the belt of Utica crosses the Province of Ontario and is covered by a great deal of drift or superficial deposits belonging to glacial, inter-glacial and lacustrine deposits so as to cover it almost totally, reappears in the vicinity of Nottawasaga Bay, near Collingwood and Windsor, where it can be easily recognized by its lithologi- cal characters and fossils. The list of species collected by Ml". A. S. Cochrane, of the Geological Survey of Canada, at Collingwood, in 1887, and determined by the writer com- prises the following forms : — 1. Obscure Oraptolite, probably a Diplograptus cf. D. priatia, Hisinger. 2. lAnguia Progne, Billings. 3. " sp. 4. Orthis testudinaria, Dalman. 5. Leptiena sericea, Sowerby. 6. Strophomena altemata, Conrad. 7. Rhynchonella increbescena f Hall. 8. Lyrodesma ptdchellum, Emmons. 9. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall. • 10. Primitia Ulrichi, Jones. 11. Beyrichia sp, 12. Triarthrus BecM, Green. 13. Asaphus Canadensis, Chapman. The absence of Leptobolus in this list is almost phenome- nal, inasmuch as the L. insignis of Hall occurs in large numbers, as a rule, in rocks of precisely the same horizon in other parts of Canada. In the northern portion of Lake Iluron and the Manitou- lin Islands, whore the Utica again crops out after disappear- ing beneath the waters of Georgian Bay, or where the shales, soft, friable, and easily denuded, have been carried Hie Utica Terrane in Canada. 25 away along the line of a great pre-glacial river, it is seen on St. Joseph's Island, in the islands north of Maple Cape, and along the shores of the Shequonandod Bay and Islands. At the last mentioned locality — Shequenandod Bay and Islands— the following fossil remains have been determined by the writer : — 1. f Dendrograptus simplex, Walcott. 2. ? Climacograptus bicomis, Hall. 3. Orthograpttis qvadrimucronatus, Hall. 'i. Leptoboluaingignis, Hall. 5. Primitia, Ulrichi, Jones. 6. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall. 7. Triarthrua Becld, Green. The above forms occur in a rather poor state of preserva- tion in a somewhat indurated and calcareous black bitumin- ous shale. From the islands north of Maple Cape the following species were determined by the writer in 1882 : — 1. Sagenella ambigva, Walcott. 2. Ptilodictya ? sp. 3. MontmMporidae. 4. Leptobolus ingignis, Hall. 6- Strcptorhynchm filitexlum ? Hall. 6. Rhynchonella increbescens, Hall. 7. Lingvla Progne, Billings. 8. Primitia Ulricld, Jones. 9. Triarthrus Becki, Green. 10. " Canadenm, Smith. Amongst the specimens of Triarthrus Canadensis, Smith, found in this collection, one specimen is especially worthy of note. It exhibits the two characteristic spines attached to the freecheeks, the glabella, and eight body segments attached to the head. Several pygidia also occur in the collection, which may properly belong to this species. Fi'om a second collection of fossils examined from Colling- wood, evidently collected by the late Alex. Muiray early in the fifties, daring his examination of the geographical distri- bution of the Lower Silurian formations belonging to the New York and Ontario systems, there are nineteen species 26 Canadian Recard of Science. found, a^ follows. The collection is labelled " Nottawasaga Bay, Collingwood, Ont." : — 1. Diplograptm pristinf Hisinger. 2. Diclyoyraplus vd, Dictyonema sp. . . , ;». Crinoidal fragments. 4. Linguia oblum, Hall. 5. " Prngne, Billings. t). " m)a. Slictn])ora acuta, Hall. BUACHIOPODA, Li'ptoholtin insiynis, Hall. " uccidrntalis f Hall. SiiiJionulrctti Scutiea, Davidouii. L'mgula Daphne, Hillings. " oUum, Hall. '' Progne, BilllngH. " (juadraia, Eichwalil. Orthis ieslvulinnria, Daliuan. " cmacerdta, Hall. Schizocrania Jilosa, Hall. Leptxna sericea, Sowerby. Slrophomena alkrnata, Conrad. Zygonpira Headi, IMllings. Lambllibranchiata. Lyrodetma pnlcheHum, Hall. Modiotopsis modiolarin, Hall. Orthodesma parallelum, Hall. Pterinea inmela, Conrad. " Trentonenm, Conrad. PrBRoroDA. Conularia TIndsonia, Emmons. " Trentonenm, Hall. GASTEBOrODA. BeUerophon bilobatm, Sowerby. Murchisonia Milleri, Hall Pleurotomaria mbconica, Hall. CEPHALOrODA. Trocholitcs ammonim, Conrad. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall. " " var. tenuistriatum, Hall. Orthoceras amplicameratum. Hall. coralliferum , Hall. lumellomm. Hall. Annelida. Serpvliles dmolulus, Billings. The Ulica Terrane in Canada. n Cruhtacea. Amiphtis Cdvadcriitln, Chapman. " plnlijciplialm, Stokes. Citlymcne »('nana,('m\Y%i\. Vhnrurus pleunxunthcmuH, Clreoii. Triurlhrm Bccki, (ireen. " ijluber, Billini!S. Jjcpenlilia cylindrica, Hall. as per *' Classified List of Cambro- Silurian and Post-Tertiary Fossils from Ottawa and Vicinity" publi.shod by the writer in 1884. To the above may be added : — 1. Sti'phanella sancta, Hinde. 2. Baloslonella erratica, Ulrich. 3. Arthronema sp. 4. Lingida elongata, Hall. 5. " Cobourgengis, Billings. 6. Pliolidops sp. 7. Discina Pelopea, Billings. 8. Anazyga recurvirostra, Hall. 9. ZygoKpira modesta, Say. 10. Modiolopm anodontoides, Conrad. 11. Metoptoma sp. 12. Cornvliles immalurum, Hall. 13. Beyrichia ocvlifera, Hall. 14. Primitia Ulrichi, .Tones. 15. " mundtda, Jones. 16. Turrilepas Canadensis, AVoodward. Appended to this is a classified table of the genera and species characterizing the Utica of Canada, giving also a series of localities in the United States, typical localities as XJtica, Holland Patent, &c., for comparison. • From the same and the foregoing it will clearly be seen and naturally deduced that the so-called Utica or Hudson Kiver shales of Quebec city, Cape Diamond, of the Marsouin > This portion of the paper will appear in a subsc(iu«:nt issue of the Can. Rrc. OF SoiBNCB.— Editor. 82 Canadian Record of Science. Jtivor bodrt, of Noimiui's kiln and " CoonograptUH " hIiuIch in gonoral do not occur anywhoro in Canada whoro the Utica Hhalort aio found in their natural and undisturbed poMilion between the Trentoti and Hudson Eiver torranos. Those belong to a disti'ict and separate terrane — the (Quebec terrane of the writer — and are characterized by a fauna whoso affinities are more closely rohitod to Lower Oidoviciaii (Lovis) faunas than to an upper member of the Ordovician system. * a"\ f \