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JOHN llOUUKK, UlSIIOr OF MOOSONEE. 
 [From u photograph taken about the tiuie of his consecration.'] 
 
JOHN HORDEN 
 
 MISSIOiYAR V BISHOP 
 
 % tilt 0tt tl;^ .^Ijorrs of lubson's Sag 
 
 15 Y THR 
 
 REV. A. R. BUCKLAND, M.A. 
 
 AUTIIOK OF "tIIK HEROIC IN MISSIONS " 
 
 SECOND EDITION 
 
 LONDON: 
 THE SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION 
 
 57 AND 59 LUDGATE HiLL, E.C. • 
 
u 
 
 O^ 
 
 f 
 
 *' SPLENDID LIVES" SERIES. 
 
 With Portraits and Illustrations. 
 
 Crown 8vo, cloth boards, price is, each. 
 
 Alexander Mackay : Missionary Hero of 
 Uganda. By the Author of "The Story of 
 Stanley." 
 
 ^/> Samuel Baker: His Life and Adven- 
 tures. By Alfred E. Lomax. 
 
 T/^e Story of Garfield: Farmboy^ Soldier, 
 and President. By W. G. Rutherford. 
 
 Tl:e Story of James Gilmour and the 
 Mongol Mission. By Mrs. Bryson of Tientsin, 
 Ciiina. 
 
 Sir Henry Layard: His Adventures and 
 Discoveries. By Alfred E. Lomax, 
 
 John Harden, Missionary Bishop : A Life on 
 the Shores of Hudson's Bay. By Rev. A. R. 
 
 BUCKLAND, M.A. 
 
 Other Vdumcs in Prcfaration. 
 
 "^ "V. -v. -v. -V. -S. -V. -N. -^. -v. -V, ^_ -s^/-i_ -v, -\. -s,->^ 
 
 LONDON : 
 THE SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION, 
 
 57 ami 59 Ludgate Hill, E.C. 
 
 MORRISOS AND GIUB, PRINTEUH, EUINBUBGH. 
 
f 
 
 TO 
 
 MRS. HORDEN 
 
 FOR MANY LONG YKARS 
 
 THE COMPANION 
 
 OK 
 
 HER husband's missionary LIFE 
 
NOTE 
 
 For the material contained in this Life I am 
 indebted to Bishop Horden's letters, published in 
 the Periodicals and Eeports of the Church Mis- 
 sionary Society, and in the colunms of the Record ; 
 to the volume, Forty-tino Years amongst the Indians 
 ami Eskimo, compiled by the Editor of the Coral 
 Magazine, from letters addressed to her ; to the 
 account of Bishop Horden amongst the Brief 
 Sketches of Church Missionary Society Workers ; and 
 to information privately communicated. 
 
 A. R. B. 
 
■ri;;T'i:"i" 
 
 ■MHBI 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAP. 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 III. 
 IV. 
 V. 
 VI. 
 VII. 
 VITI. 
 IX. 
 X. 
 XI. 
 XII. 
 
 A boy's AMBITION . 
 
 • . . 
 
 THK DEPAKTUIIK FOR MOOSONEE 
 . FIRST LABOURS AMONGST ESKIMO AND INDIANS 
 
 "in joukneyings often" 
 england visited . 
 
 • • . 
 
 OUT-STATIONS 
 
 A. NEW RESPONSIBILITY 
 
 LEAVES FUOM BISHOP IIOKDEN's DIARY 
 
 YEAIIS OF TRIAL 
 
 TO ENGLAND FOR THE LAST TIME 
 
 nOME AGAIN . 
 
 CLOSING SCENES 
 
 I'ArjK 
 11 
 
 20 
 
 32 
 
 42 
 
 54 
 
 Gl 
 
 (58 
 
 n 
 
 97 
 
 110 
 
 125 
 
 134 
 
n- 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 VKnn 
 
 JOHN iionnKX, bisiioi' of moosonek 
 
 FroMtispieoe 
 
 ESKIMO WOMAN AND ('IIILD 
 
 AN INDIAN CIIIEK 
 
 LOADING CANOE FOIl A llIVKU .roUUNEY 
 
 ESKIMO MAN 
 
 YORK FACTO IIY 
 
 AOED CIIEE MAN 
 
 ISISIIOI'S COUUT, SCIIOOLHOUSE, AND TENT, AT MOOSE 
 
 FOIIT 
 
 MAIN STIiEET, WINNIPEG 
 
 INDIAN TRAITEUS 
 
 HUNTING DEEU 
 
 ASCENDING A UAriD, 
 
 rUEE CnUlM'lI, YOUK FACTORY 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 49 
 
 62 
 
 69 
 
 79 
 
 91 
 
 115 
 
 121 
 
 126 
 
 10 
 
John Hoeden 
 
 MISSIOXAKV insiiop 
 
 ciiAPTiai I 
 
 A 110V S AMIHTIOX 
 
 A Child's Resolve aiul a Life's Dovotion— John Ilorden at 
 Homo and at School— A Book that mmh a Missionary- 
 Apprentice Days and Work at Home— Accepted for the 
 Mission-Field. 
 
 T is hard to find a liealbhy and 
 intelligent boy, who does not, 
 sooner or later, make up his mind 
 what he would " like to • be." 
 It happens now and then that he chooses 
 something unsuitable, or that he has made up his 
 mind under the influence of a merely temporary 
 
12 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 interest. It happens, too, that anihitions cannot 
 always he gratified. But these things do not 
 keep the majority of boys in each generation 
 from choosing or seeking to choose for themselves. 
 
 Tlie missionary-bishop whose life will be told in 
 this book was one of the boys who made up their 
 minds early. He was also one of those who found 
 that other people's views as to his future did not 
 agree with his own. Yet happily he is to be counted 
 amongst the boys who, disappointed at first of their 
 cherished ambition, were afterwards able to realise it 
 in full. John Horden as a child resolved that, God 
 willing, he would be a missionary. He had at first 
 opposition and disappointment to face. But in due 
 time his wish was granted; he lived and died a 
 missionary in one of the hardest fields of labour 
 known to the modern evangelist. 
 
 Horden gives us an example of a lifelong devotion 
 to a single cause. This marks nim off at once from a 
 large number of the best-known workers in the foreign 
 mission field. William Carey was thirty-three when 
 he volunteered to go out as a missionary, and his 
 
A LIFE'S DEVOTION- 13 
 
 sign-board had borne the notice " Second-hand shoes 
 bought and sold" before he became a schoolmaster 
 and preacher. Adoniram Judson had yearned for 
 distinction in many patlis, had taught in a school, and 
 had travelled with a company of actors, before the 
 turning-point in life which saw his decision for God 
 and his resolve to be a missionary. Allen Gardiner was 
 a naval officer, from childhood warmly interested in 
 tlie service, before he took up missionary work in 
 Zululand, or made the heroic attempt wliicli led to 
 his death in Tierra del Fuego. To come to more 
 modern instances, Dr. Jolm G. Paton had preaclied 
 the gospel earnestly at home before he was called to 
 enter on liis marvellous experiences in the Soutli 
 Seas. Hannington, tlie martyr-bishop, was taken 
 from a country parish ; Alexander Mackay, from 
 work as an engineer; Mr. Monro, some time head 
 of the Metropolitan Police Porce, from well-earned 
 repose after an active life; and many others, whose 
 names the world has not heard of, liave laid 
 down secular occupations, in order to work amongst 
 the lieathen or Mohammedans abroad. 
 
 / 
 
14 JOHN HO R DEN 
 
 Again, there are young people who in early life 
 make up their minds what they would " like to be," 
 but discover, after a brief trial, that they have made 
 a mistake, and turn, more or less readily, to something 
 else. Many a boy inspired by the delightful sea- 
 stories so popular with every generation, has resolved 
 to be a sailor, and has insisted, against advice and 
 entreaty, that a sailor he will be. With a good 
 many of these a single voyage is enough. They 
 find out with amazing promptitude that the one 
 thing for which they are peculiarly imfitted is the 
 sailor's life. Happy are those who discover such 
 mistakes before they have gone too far, and are 
 saved the unhappiness which falls in life to the lot 
 "■ of the round man in a square hole." It was other- 
 wise with John Horden. He formed his resolution 
 early in life ; to it he was always constant ; and in 
 the exercise of tlie callinGf he had chosen he died in 
 a green old age. 
 
 John Horden was born at Exeter in 1828, the 
 eldest son of William and Sarah Horden. His father 
 was a jjrinter by trade, and the family were in 
 
AN EARL V DE CIS/0 JV 
 
 15 
 
 humble circumstances. But the parents were 
 devout Christian people, and, despite their early 
 views about the calhng of a missionary, they had 
 much to do with the framing of tlieir son's career. 
 
 At seven years of age John Horden entered 
 St. John's School, Exeter, a charity tlie origin of 
 which goes back to the twelfth century. When 
 Horden was a boy it was a school in which a varying 
 number of orphans and others were clothed, educated, 
 and prepared for a useful life. There, too, he was 
 under religious influences, and there John Horden 
 definitely accepted Christ as his Saviour. Some 
 observers look with suspicion upon all signs of 
 religious conviction in boys and girls. They declare 
 that it is unnatural, and can only end in disappoint- 
 ment. The theory is contradicted by many a 
 consistent life which began in early childhood the 
 conscious service of God, and the life of John Horden 
 is a case in point. Tlie convictions of boyhood 
 remained the convictions of his manhood. 
 
 In the Thirties and Forties there were not many 
 books dealing in a popular way with foreign 
 
'. i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 k 
 
 i6 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 missions. Such enterprises were less numerous, 
 were less cared for, less known, less talked of, than 
 in these days, when the lives and work of such men 
 as Livingstone, Patteson, Hannington, Gilmour, and 
 Paton, have made some sides of missionary work 
 familiar to "the man in the street." But if the 
 books were fewer, they had their readers. One came 
 into the hands of Horden, and, under God, decided 
 his future for him. It dealt with India, and the 
 horrors of heathenism as there disj^layed. Horden 
 read it, and decided upon his career in life. He 
 would be a missionary, a missionary to India, a 
 bearer of the glad tidings to those who lay in the 
 grasp of the cruel superstitions described. 
 
 Eesolutions of this kind are easily formed, and as 
 easily forgotten. In Horden's case they were 
 cherished. He had not made up his mind in a fit 
 of exaltation ; in everyday language, he " meant 
 business." But he was not his own master. There 
 was home to think of, his parents to consult, and his 
 father strongly opposed his plan. It would be easy, 
 of course, to condemn Mr. Horden for standing in 
 
FRUITFUL OPFOSITION 17 
 
 the way of so noble a decision ; but remember the 
 times. Those were not the clays in which the 
 foreign missionary was a familiar object. The 
 Church of Christ in our land is still but poorly and 
 feebly doing its duty by heathendom; but it is a 
 miracle of zeal and industry compared to what it 
 was in the Thirties and Forties. John Horden only 
 met with the opposition which was so general in his 
 times, and has always had to be counted witn in one 
 way or another. As a matter of lact, too, that early 
 opposition was justified ; it ended in Horden becom- 
 ing much better equipped for the work of his life 
 than if he had from the first entered on the special 
 training for a missionary. 
 
 When John Horden left school he was apprenticed 
 to a trade, and, like an honest Christian lad, worked 
 at it with intelligence and vigour. The result was 
 a readiness at manual labour, a skill in the use of 
 tools, and a capacity for making the best of unpro- 
 mising material, which, in after life, stood him in 
 better stead than the regular course of seminary 
 training could have done. 
 
i 
 
 18 JOHN HO R DEN 
 
 But, whilst working with liis liands, he never 
 forgot his great ambition. In liis spare time he 
 plodded steadily on with his Looks, toiling at the 
 Greek and Latin, of which, if his hopes were ever to 
 be realised, a knowledge would be demanded. He 
 succeeded so far that, when his apprentice days 
 were over, and tlie opportunity came, he laid aside 
 manual labour and became a schoolmaster. But 
 though he did this it was not because he had any 
 foolish contempt for working at a trade, for even as 
 a bishop he was always ready to take up tools 
 himself, and that not as i)laything3, but for 
 practical ends. 
 
 In the meantime his spiritual life, and with it his 
 ambition, was fostered under the happiest influence. 
 The Vicar of St. Thomas's, Exeter, encouraged an 
 interest in foreign missions. In connection with the 
 church there existed a little group of young men who 
 met regularly for Bible study and gave their leisure 
 to Christian work. Horden was not alone amongst 
 them in looking forward to a life in the mission- 
 field. But until the door should open, they prepared 
 
 Wi 
 
ACCEPTED FOR SERVICE 19 
 
 for tlie work of evangelists abroad by acting as 
 evangelists at home. It was the wny to keep 
 their resolution alive. It seems only natural to 
 learn tliat, of this little band, six e ;entually became 
 missionaries. 
 
 As for Horden, ho was no longer a boy but 
 a man when, in 1850, he was able to offer himself 
 to the Churcli Missionary Society. He was 
 accepted, and although it seemed probable that some 
 time would elapse before he would be sent to the 
 field, he had at last drawn within reach of his 
 ambition. Its actual realisation came, as a fact, 
 much sooner than he could have ventured to hope 
 for. 
 
 M 
 
I i i 
 
 H 
 
 CHAPTEE II 
 
 THE DEPARTUllE FOK MOOSOXEE 
 
 A Lund of Romance — ^loosc Factory — Tlic Call for a Man — Honicn 
 Chosen — A Hasty Departure — First Impressions of Hudson's 
 Bay — ]\Ioose and its People. 
 
 many generations of Euglisli boys 
 the vast regions of the Far West 
 have been a land of romance. 
 To-day, when railways span the 
 continent of America from Atlantic to Pacific, 
 when the isolated settlements of a generation 
 ago are already large towns, and when " the noble 
 red man " is threatening to become as extinct as the 
 dodo or the great auk, that old interest in the land 
 is gone. But, as the continent has become better 
 
 20 
 
A VAST PARISH 
 
 21 
 
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 known, wc arc tlie more al)le to rciilise its enormous 
 area, llorden, as we sliall presently see, went out to 
 a diocese which measured some 1500 miles from top 
 to bottom and siile to side, and had some 3000 miles 
 of coast. Yet it is a mere corner of North Americn. 
 If you look at the map of that continent, you will 
 find the great arm of the sea, called Hudson's Bay, 
 thrusting itself far into the land. Its south-eastern 
 extremity is called James' Bay. Into this a river 
 discharges, and on that river, on an island, a few 
 miles from its mouth, stands a village known as 
 iMoose Fort or Moose Factory. As its name suggests, 
 it is a station of the Hudson's Bay Company, 
 to which it owes its existence and the presence 
 of a small European population. The post is still 
 cut off from the world by almost impenetrable 
 forests, and l)y the ice-bound waters of the bay. 
 Once a year, in the Fifties and much later, a ship 
 came from England with stores and news ; when 
 it left, the door seemed again to slmt on the 
 outside world. The natives of the regions were 
 Eskimos, Chippeways, Crees, and Ojibbeways. Now 
 
I 
 
 s 
 
 22 JOHN nORDEN 
 
 the vast area, from the border line of the United 
 States to the shores of tlie Arctic Ocean, and 
 from Hudson's Bay to the Pacific Coast, is dotted 
 with mission-stations ; but then much of the land in 
 the south, now open to settlers, was still unexplored. 
 As for Christianity, thousands of Indians arc 
 now living consistent, God - fearing lives, where 
 then no missionary had so much as preached the 
 Word. 
 
 But Moose Fort enjoyed some privileges of its 
 own. The European population included men of 
 Christian character, and a Wesleyan missionary 
 had worked amongst the natives. The field was 
 not, therefore, entirely uncared for ; but little had 
 been done. 
 
 In May 1851, the Church Missionary Society 
 was informed that the Wesleyans were about to 
 withdraw from Moose Factory. There were those 
 who felt that the position ought to be occupied, 
 and as the Churcii Missionary Society was extending 
 its work in the north-west, why should it not 
 occupy this admirable centre upon the shores of 
 
 ■u. 
 
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I 
 
 
 , ..' yii llir- . •'. 
 
 ' '■'M ■ 
 
 K^t.,^u, I'M " ' 
 
 lijU.. 
 
 i ;'i!,'V''fJf*''P''«V.' 
 
 "J ..(I' » ■ 
 
 ESKIMO WOMAN AND CHILD. 
 
A HASTY DEPARTURE 25 
 
 the Hudson's lijiy? The call seemed imperative; 
 it was resolved to fdl the vacancy. 
 
 John Horden's o^jportunity was come. The 
 committee resolved to send out a lay missionary, 
 and the oft'er of the youn*,' Devonshire schoolmaster 
 was remembered. He seemed to he the very man 
 for the post; hut could he f,'o ? If he went at all, 
 he must sail a married man, and the one ship of 
 the year was to leave in two or three weeks. 
 
 But the genuine soldier of the cross Is always 
 ready. On May 10, 1(S51, Horden received a letter 
 from Henry Venn, the honorary secretary of the 
 Church Missionary Society, announcing his appoint- 
 ment to Moose Factory. On j\Iay 24, Horden left 
 his work at school ; on May 25, he was married ; on 
 May 28, he left for London on the way to his post in 
 the mission- field. 
 
 Horden had not to choose a wife with the haste 
 which this statement mi^ht suj^^est. At the time 
 when he first offered himself to the Cliurch Mission- 
 ary Society he became engaged to Miss Elizabeth 
 Oke, who was not only a member of the same congre- 
 

 
 26 JOHN nORDEN 
 
 gation as himself, but was filled with the same desire 
 to be a missionary. She, too, had prepared for the 
 foreign field by working at home. When the call to 
 Moosonee came, the decision res led with her. With- 
 out hesitation she resolved to go, and the hasty 
 wedding began a married life of singular happiness 
 and of long duration. 
 
 Horden and his wife joined their ship at Graves- 
 end on June 8, 1851. The voyage out was slow and 
 uneventful, but the time was not wasted. The 
 young missionary did not believe in keeping liis 
 message only for Indians and Eskimo. He acted 
 as chaplain whilst on board sHp, and so, in liis 
 missionary work, began that consistency of life 
 which, from first to last, won for him the respect 
 of all who knew him. lie worked, moreover, at the 
 language he would have to use, and, with an eye to 
 brightening the services with the natives, he learned 
 to play the accordion. Nor was Mrs. Horden idle. 
 One of the passengers on board came from Hudson's 
 Bay Territory, and in this woman Mrs. Horden found 
 her first pupil. 
 
LAND HOI 
 
 27 
 
 On July 26tli, Horden noted in his diary iheir 
 arrival at the entrance of Hudson's Bay. His own 
 words convey an excellent impression of the land to 
 which he had been sent : — 
 
 " The sun shone very brightly in the morning and 
 we saw several large icebergs. In the afternoon the 
 atmosphere became very thick and cold ; all felt that 
 they were experiencing the rigour of winter in the 
 month of July. About six the mist almost instan- 
 taneously cleared off, the sun shone forth, and land 
 was visible. Yes ! we had entered the straits—Re- 
 solution being to our right— a barren, bleak, but 
 lofty and majestic shore ; while on our left lay an 
 immense field of ice, extending many miles. We 
 passed thousands of pieces of every description and 
 size, some resembling churches, others hills, valleys, 
 mountains, and houses. It was most amusin^r to 
 hear the sailors give names to the several pieces— 
 This is such a head; that is the hull of such a vessel 
 or barge, and so forth." 
 
28 JOHN IIORDEiV 
 
 Horclen went on to describe the voyage up the 
 bay, the perils of which from ice and fog and 
 tempest every year made the advent of the annual 
 ship a matter of extreme anxiety. The navigation 
 of the bay, with its slow progress, its demand for 
 unceasing watchfulness, its alternation of hopes and 
 disappointment, its constant demand upon the 
 voyager to "endure hardness" — was, in a way, 
 both a preparation for and a figure of the difhculties 
 through which Horden would have to pass in his 
 spiritual work on the land before him. Here, for 
 example, are three entries from his account of the 
 voyage : — 
 
 " Auff. 10. — Surrounded with ice, atmosphere very 
 thick. It fell calm about tea, and we anchored to a 
 very large piece of ice, and filled our water tank. 
 The ice opening, and a good breeze springing up, 
 we got under way about seven, sailing through very 
 thick ice. Having sailed a few miles, we were again 
 fast, and for four hours gained nothing. 
 
 "Aug. 11. — We anchored to a large piece of ice at 
 
'Si 
 
 FOOTBALL ON TIJE ICE 29 
 
 four A.M. It rained or snowed almost the whole day. 
 The wind blew very strongly but did not open the 
 ice. Some of us went on to the j^iece to which we 
 were fastened. It was about two miles in circum- 
 ference. 
 
 ''Aug, 12.— About three a.m. we loosed from the ice, 
 and, having proceeded six miles in five hours and a 
 half, we were obliged to anchor again, the ice being 
 very close and heavy around us. In tlie evening the 
 men enjoyed themselves by playing football on the 
 ice, which happened to be very flat." 
 
 The ship remained locked in the ice for a week ; 
 then they were able to make some progress, and at 
 last, on August 23, they anchored in the outer Moose 
 Pioads, about forty miles from the Fort. Three days 
 later Horden was at Moose Fort, which, from that 
 day until his death, was the centre of his work. 
 
 The first sight of the place and its people left a 
 vivid impression on his mind. The diary, which 
 formed his first letter to the Church Missionary 
 Society, gives us a summary of bis impressions :— 
 
l!i^ 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 30 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 " On reaching tlie Fort, which stands on a rather 
 hirge island, wigwams, houses, and inhabitants began 
 to present themselves. "VVe saw fust three Indian 
 
 AN INDIAN CHIEF. 
 
 boys, dressed in flannel coats, playing on the beach, 
 then a house, then many Indian wigwams, and the 
 old factory and stores. Some way beyond, on the 
 same side of the river, stood a neat little church with 
 
 
lier 
 
 jaii 
 
 lan 
 
 THE PEOPLE 31 
 
 n. suitable tower, while still farther on were a few 
 Indian tents. After dinner we visited almost every- 
 one on the island, including nearly 150 Indians, all of 
 whom were very glad to see us. Most of their tents 
 are of a poor description, but some are superior, in 
 the form of marquees. Most of them were dirty. 
 The general clothing of the men is a flannel coat 
 bordered with red, with trousers of the same 
 material; some, however, have decent cloth coats 
 and trousers. A part of tlie women wore gowns, 
 others a petticoat with a blanket thrown over their 
 shoulders. 
 
 " A contrast, this, to Devonshire ! " 
 
 h, 
 
 16 
 
 le 
 :h 
 
n 
 
 .1 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 FIRST LADOUliS AMONGST ESKIMO AND INDIANS 
 
 Place and People — Ilonleii's Training — Cut off from the World — 
 Getting to "Work — Learning Crec — A Laughable Blunder — 
 A Visitor at Moose — Horden Ordained — A Man of many 
 Tasks. 
 
 ORDEN" had reached the scene of his 
 labours, and it is time, therefore, to 
 say something more as to the place 
 and the people. 
 His missionary interest had been first drawn out 
 towards the teeming millions of India. But he 
 had been called to an almost Arctic climate, and 
 not to a field under the tropics ; to a few scattered 
 sheep in a veritable wilderness rather than to 
 the dense population of the Indian cities. 
 
 82 
 
 "CZj' 
 
 "HM 
 
"mJi 
 
 A LONELY rOS2^ 
 
 33 
 
 to 
 
 At Moose Fort tlic European was cut off from the 
 outside world. Once a year — if no accident liappened 
 — a ship came and went, but so diflicult was navi<^a- 
 tion that those who depended upon the ship for 
 supplies were never free from anxiety on its behalf. 
 Even on that moving subject news travelled slowly. 
 One year the ship was held fast by ice in the 
 bay. The tidings reached England before they were 
 known at Albany, a hundred miles from Moose. 
 
 Inland communications were no less ditKcult. 
 Itoads there were none. In summer the birch-bark 
 canoe made the readiest vehicle, but even its use 
 meant much hard labour. In winter the choice lay 
 between the dog-sleigh and the snow-shoe. Food 
 was never very plentiful. The natives and even the 
 Europeans knew what scarcity and sometimes famine 
 meant. The extremes of temperature have an 
 alarming look to those who know only an English 
 climate. In summer the heat might reach 100", and 
 the busy mosquito add its torment to the trials of 
 the season. In winter the mercury would fall many 
 degrees below zero. It will be seen at once that a 
 

 34 JOHN TWRDEN 
 
 uiissioiiaiy in sudi a i)liice had need of plutdc and 
 endurance. Horden li.ad to shepherd a vast region, 
 which meant occasionally journeys which extended to 
 a tliousand miles or more. He had to camp out, to 
 share the food of his Indians, to be ready for any of 
 the contingencies wliich may befall the traveller in a 
 land of wood and stream, where men are few and 
 roads are not. But the early disappointment, 
 which gave him a training in manual labour, had 
 hardened his muscles, and educated hand and eye. 
 It had been, after all, the right way for him. 
 
 In like manner his after experience as school- 
 master had prepared him for the very serious task of 
 teachincj himself new langua^^es and teachinfj others 
 the gospel story. 
 
 One advantage Horden had which docs not often 
 fall to the lot of a pioneer missionary. There were 
 Christian men and -women to meet him at his coming. 
 The head of the Company's station warmly welcomed 
 the young missionary and his wife. In company 
 with the few other Europeans he rejoiced at the 
 advent of a religious teacher, alike for the sake of 
 
 ■B 
 
'^ 
 
 <}0 
 
 
!i 
 
 a- 
 
ALREADY AT HOME 37 
 
 the wliito iiHMi and of the Iiuliiins. Of tlie liiUer, 
 
 too, some few liad, under the teaching of tlio 
 
 Wesleyan nussionary, become devout and consistent 
 
 Christians. Thus Horden l)egan his life-work witli 
 
 some advantages on his side. From one point of 
 
 view they were especially useful ; they enabled tlie 
 
 young missionary and his wife at once to feel that 
 
 Moose was their home. It is not often that this is 
 
 the case ; but with Horden the shores of Hudson's 
 
 Bay were henceforth home, and England was but a 
 
 place to visit. They lived, as he himself put it a few 
 
 months before his death, " buried in the interminable 
 
 forest, the door of our grave being opened but 
 
 seldom." It was hard, perhaps, but "he was able 
 
 to add: "I doubt there being many happier 
 
 communities than the one to be found where the 
 
 hand of God has placed me ; the wheels of our little 
 
 society move smoothly ; and with God in our midst 
 
 we envy none the advantages they possess, and are 
 
 contented with our own diminutive world." 
 
 Horden lost no time in getting to work. When he 
 reached Moose there were three or four hundred 
 
 I 
 
38 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 people ill the place ; he visited tlieiii all within a 
 few hours of his arrival. The next and most urgent 
 task was to learn Crce, the language used by the 
 majority of the Indians within reach. lie hegan 
 thi.: systematically, on the day after he reached 
 Moose. "With the aid of a native interpreter, he 
 composed a short address, which ho read to his 
 congregation that same evening. So hard did ho 
 work that in a few short months he could preach 
 without aid. And Cree is not an easy language. 
 
 He found it more trying than Greek and Latin, 
 possibly because he lacked the aids which every 
 schoolboy has for the learning of these languages. 
 But his first sermon drew from an Indian woman 
 this reply : " I thank you for your kind words ; I will 
 keep them to my heart." It was, no doubt, Horden's 
 rapid progress with their language, and his resolve 
 to become one of themselves, which so soon gave 
 him a secure place in their affections. In eight 
 months, to their surprise and joy, he could preach 
 to them in Cree without an interpreter. But he 
 had, of course, his difficulties and his blunders. 
 
 
ADAM'S ''PIPES'' 
 
 39 
 
 Once, for oxampU', Ik.' wjis expliiiiiin,!^' to a cIjiss of 
 young men the story of the Creation. "God," lie 
 said, "created Eve out of one of A(h\m's — " he 
 meant to say "ribs," but, as the lauj_;hter of his 
 hearers showed him, he really said "pipes." But 
 that is the kind of mistake wliicli every learner is 
 likely to make. 
 
 It must not, however, be assumed that Horden 
 had come to a place where a missionary's life was 
 likely to be one of ease. The more he knew of the 
 people the more he saw how" sadly they needed the 
 gospel he had come to preach. Crime of the 
 grossest character abounded. ^len made little of 
 murdering their aged parents or their young 
 children, and cannibalism resulted in the times 
 of famine. The European's life was not always safe, 
 and his property was the object of attentions with 
 which he would often have willingly dispensed. 
 Horden himself, liowever, had little reason to 
 complain of the people. Indeed, it was their own 
 liking which became the means of keeping him 
 in their midst. 
 
40 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 Tt had been the Society's plan to send a clergyman 
 to Moose and allow Horden to })repare for ordination 
 at lied River, under the eye of the Bishop of 
 Eupert's Land. That plan wus never carried out. 
 Instead of the young missionary going to the bishop, 
 the bishop came to him. 
 
 Bishop Anderson reached Moose at the end of a 
 six weeks' journey. He had travelled 1500 miles 
 over lake and river to reach this outlying post. He 
 had expected to find a novice; he found an expert. 
 Horden knew the people and knew the language. 
 They were distressed at the bare thought of losing 
 him. What was to be done ? The bishop's good 
 sense solved the difficulty. He examined Horden 
 carefully, ordained him deacon and priest, left him 
 at Moose, and arranged that the other clergyman 
 should go elsewhere. 
 
 Bishop Anderson had made no mistake. Horden 
 settled down with quiet enthusiasm to his work. 
 Cut off though they were from the world, there was 
 variety of labour. In the winter the population of 
 the village was small; but the people, old and 
 
 ^!i 
 
MANY LABOURS 
 
 41 
 
 young, could be tauglit. Occasionally tlicre was 
 building work to bo done, in wliich Ilorden's manual 
 skill was of great use. And always there was tlie 
 task of translating the word of God into the 
 language of the people. To this task Horden early 
 gave his attention, and upon it he was still engaged 
 in his last months of life. 
 
 \n 
 
 ■ 
 
 % 
 
■"W 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 
 "IN JOURNEYINGS OFTEN" 
 
 A Winter Journey— Dogs and Snow-Shoes— A Famine in the Land 
 — And a Flood — Amongst the Eskimo — A Long Day's Work 
 —The Bible for the People— A New Trade Learned— Early 
 Fruits. 
 
 N summer it became possible to 
 travel, and then the outlying stations 
 called for care. At distances vary- 
 ing from 50 to 430 miles from 
 Moose there were posts at which, at certain seasons, 
 bodies of Indians were to be found. One of the 
 first stations visited was Albany, a hundred 
 miles north of Moose. His own account gives a 
 vivid picture of the difficulties met by the in- 
 experienced traveller : — 
 
 ! 
 
ON SNOW-SHOES 
 
 43 
 
 "I started," he wrote, "from Moose on January 
 5th, 1852, in a sleigh drawn by five dogs and ac- 
 companied by two Indians. After riding eight or 
 nine miles I walked for a time, but found myself 
 unable to keep pace with the dogs. We were 
 obliged to walk about two miles through thickly-set 
 
 H 
 ^ 
 
 
 ' z 
 
 A I'AIR OF SNOW-SHOES. 
 
 8 
 
 willows, in snow-shoes, sinking at every step a full 
 foot in the snow. Being unaccustomed to this kind 
 of marching I found it very fatiguing, and, having 
 never before placed snow-shoes on my feet, had two 
 or three falls, and, the snow being so deep, was 
 unable to rise without assistance. Could you have 
 seen me then in fall armour, with a flannel and fur 
 
44 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 cap on my head, pilot-coat, scarf, mittens, and snow- 
 slioes, I little think you would have recognised in 
 me the young man sitting before you in your study, 
 whom you asked whether he wished to come to this 
 country." 
 
 l! I 
 
 A fortniff ' t was spent at Albany, and the return 
 was made " ^/: cw mishaps," though, in the same 
 letter, we learn that " during two days the cold was 
 most intense, our faces being frost-bitten — mine not 
 considerably, as it was quickly discovered." This 
 incidental way of alluding to hardships will be found 
 in all the bishop's letters from first to last. He 
 never " makes a fuss " ; diihculties, trials, sufferings — 
 all are in " the day's work." In 1854 there was great 
 scarcity of food, amounting to famine — that was a 
 trial always to be feared and often to be faced. In 
 June 1857 danger of another kind threatened the 
 settlement. Immense quantities of snow had fallen 
 in the winter, and the break-up of the ice in the 
 river was expected with more than usual anxiety. 
 A Hood was looked for, and a flood came. 
 
 
FLOODS AT MOOSE 
 
 45 
 
 
 "On tlie night of May 21st the noise, as of distant 
 thunders, told of the conflict going on between the 
 rushing waters and the still compact ice, great 
 masses of which were being occasionally thrown up 
 in heaps. Soon the alarm bell rang, which told us 
 of our danger, and some gentlemen from the Factory 
 instantly came to conduct us thither, as our house is 
 in a very exposed position. The river was now 
 twenty feet above its usual level, and large hills of ice, 
 twenty feet high, were thrown up in several places. 
 The water continued to rise, until it was five feet 
 higher, by which time every house on the island, 
 except the Factory, was flooded; the water, as we 
 afterwards ascertained, having been five feet nine 
 inches deep in my own kitchen." 
 
 11 
 
 \ I 
 
 \ i 
 
 Happily, although much damage was done, no 
 life was lost. But such effects are long felt by 
 the Indians, for the rabbits which supply them 
 with food and covering are swept off by the Hood. 
 There was another visitation of tlie kind in the 
 spring of 18G0, when the wooden church, then 
 
T 
 
 " 
 
 !*' 
 
 46 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 building, was floated off and carried nearly a quarter 
 of a mile from its foundation. In the fall of the year 
 the same danger seemed to be upon them. 
 
 But there was a bright side even to these visita- 
 tions, for they meant the break-up of the long, gloomy, 
 trying winter, the prospect of a change of food, a 
 change of work, and news from distant friends. In 
 the long frost-bound months the Indians felt the 
 hardship of dwelling in a barren land ; so little 
 stood lietween them and actual starvation. At one 
 post, early visited by Horden, out of 120 Indians 
 a sixtii died of hunger in one season. 
 
 At that station one man had saved his life at the 
 expense of his children. There were six little ones ; 
 he killed and ate them all. The desolation of the 
 land, which yields so little to man, was brought home 
 to the missionary on that journey. He had 430 
 miles to travel, and, " during the whole way," he 
 wrote, " I saw no tent or house, not even human 
 being, until I arrived within a short distance of 
 the post. I appeared to be passing through a foreign 
 land." 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
OFF TO WHALE RIVER 47 
 
 Yet a land of even greater desolation was under 
 his care. At Whale Eiver there were Eskimo, and 
 to these Horden early paid a visit. In IS v 2 lie was 
 able to give tliem more attention. 
 
 Keen student of languages as Horden was— 
 and he even learned something of Norwegian, in 
 order to be able to minister to the Europeans at 
 Moose — he was dependent partly duHiig this visit 
 on the help of an interpreter. That interpreter is an 
 interesting reminder of the way in which one mission 
 helps another. For the young Eskimo who served 
 Horden had formerly lived on the coast of Labrador. 
 Whilst there he had come under the instruction 
 of the Moravian missionaries, and had carried to 
 Whale Eiver, on the shores of Hudson's Bay, 
 some knowledge of their teaching. He could speak 
 a little English, knew some texts, and remembered 
 some hymns well. Thus the Moravians in far-off 
 Labrador had, all unknown to themselves, prepared 
 the way of the gospel in another land. 
 
 The journey to Whale River was trying, but the 
 missionary felt well repaid. He wrote home in the 
 
48 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 following yeur, that " those eight days were indeed 
 blessed ones, and will not soon be forgotten by nie, 
 for they were amongst the most successful missionary 
 days I have had since I have been in the country." 
 
 His day's work amongst them was much as 
 Ibllows. At six in the morning he began with a 
 service for the Eskimo, to which some came " dressed 
 very much like working men in England," in 
 imported garments ; others in the seal-skin clothing 
 popular amongst them ; and one woman in " an 
 English gown, of which she seemed not a little 
 proud." The service was a mixture of worship and 
 instruction, witli as much singing as possible. 
 
 This over, the missionary went to breakfast. 
 After breakfast came a service for the Indians, 
 who were less eager than the Eskimo, although more 
 advanced in knowledge. 
 
 When Horden had ended his lesson to the Indians 
 he went to school himself — that is to say, he took 
 a lesson from his Eskimo interpreter. This over, 
 he began visiting the homes of his flock- — seal- 
 skin tents, and not the ice-houses of which we 
 
V 
 
 '1 ,- <.i^ . 
 
 
 
 
 '4 i^v^ 
 
 r 
 
 ^ 
 
 '^%f 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 i^fe**'"*' 
 
 \ 
 
 •>^' ... 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 IL%. 
 
 ESKIilO MAN. 
 
ESKIMO QUALITIES 51 
 
 hear at other thnes. Then came a walk ; tlieii 
 another service with the Eskimo; tlien another 
 with the Indians; an English service for the few 
 Europeans at the station; another hour learnincr 
 Eskimo ; a half an hour's social chat ; and at last, 
 " with feelings of thankfulness at having been placed 
 as a labourer in the vineyard of the Lord, I retired 
 to rest." 
 
 Horden was greatly drawn towards these Eskimo 
 of Whale liiver ; they seemed so gentle, so contented 
 under many hardships, so ready to learn, so sincere 
 in their new faith. Three were baptized during this 
 visit, two of whom afterwards became man and wife. 
 This little church was soon sorely tried, for the young 
 interpreter was drowned, and the Christian wife 
 died. 
 
 One other department of work, in which Horden 
 made great strides during his first period of residence 
 in Moosonee, remains to be nr:!. 3d. Every wise 
 missionary wishes his people as soon as possible to 
 have the Bible, or at least some of it, in their own 
 tongue. Horden was fully alive to this part of his 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 ■WWJPHWWWWW 
 
T 
 
 52 JOHN HO R DEN 
 
 duty, and from the first worked at translation. But 
 the busiest writer finds himself hard pushed, unless 
 he can have the aid of the printing-press. Something 
 had been done for the mission at home, but -^e 
 was to be done by Horden himself at Moose. 
 
 To his great joy the ship one year brought out 
 every requisite for a small printing-office. It was 
 true that Horden knew nothing of type-setting, or of 
 taking impressions from the type when set ; but 
 his early training again came in useful. Nothing 
 daunted, ho set to work at the new trade, and taught 
 a small boy to help him. It was slow work, a so 
 different from the means they had seen him use 
 before, that some of his faithful Indians feared this 
 new task had turned his brain. But when the first 
 eight pages were printed off their delight was almost 
 as great as his own. To the occupations of translator 
 and printer Horden added that of a poet, with the 
 result that, before he took his first holiday to 
 England, he had given the Indians the Four Gospels, 
 a prayer-book, and a hymn-book in the Cree 
 language. 
 
EARLY FRUITS 53 
 
 But these labours were not without a dniwhack. 
 Working early and late, witli much anxiety of many 
 kinds, he found, when his book of the Gospels was 
 comjilete, that his strength was overtaxed. " I 
 have felt," he wrote, " that even a very strong consti- 
 tution has limits, which it may not pass with 
 impunity." That he did not caution himself without 
 good cause will easily be believed when Horden's 
 many tasks are kept in mind. Thus, apart from all 
 other work, he learned Cree, Ojibbeway, and Eskimo, 
 for the benefit of the natives ; Norwegian, for some 
 of the Company's staff; and Hebrew, that he might 
 be the better able to translate the Old Testament in 
 time. 
 
 His labours were not in vain. Before he thought 
 of visiting England ler his first holiday, he was able 
 to estimate that 1800 Indians in his district had 
 either been baptized or were waiting for the rite. 
 
 
 i % 
 
 -l-.Ulfl . .^.M ' lJl l ^ >* 
 
OHAPTEK V 
 
 ENGLAND VISITED 
 
 The Coming of the Ship— A Wreck— A Perilous Voyage- 
 Rest and Return to "Work. 
 
 HE Hordens left England in 1851; 
 they wished to go home for a few- 
 months in 1864 We shall all agree 
 that they had earned a holiday, but 
 it was not any yearning for "rest and change "that 
 caused them to return. Children had been born to 
 them, and three were then at an age at which it was 
 desirable that they should go to English schools. 
 Horden planned, therefore, to leave Moose by the 
 ship of 1864, and to reach England in the October 
 
 or November of that year. 
 
 u 
 
SHIPWRECK 
 
 55 
 
 •^. 
 
 The coming of the ship with its cargo of food, of 
 clothing, of merchandise, and of news was always 
 eagerly looked for by Europeans and natives alike. 
 It Mas expected all through August. When the 
 23rd, and the latest known date for its appearance 
 had gone, despair began to be felt. Something had 
 happened ; they would have to get on as b^st they 
 might for twelve more months. But some hoped. 
 
 Yet September passed, and there was no sliip. 
 October came, and then on the 7 th, in the midst of a 
 fearful storm, they heard, " the report of large guns 
 at sea." 
 
 " The ship's come ! " was the cry. 
 
 The people slept that night in pleasant anticipa- 
 tion of joy on the morrow. 
 
 But the morrow brought disappointment. The 
 guns came from a schooner sent from York Factory 
 to break the bad news. The Moose ship had been 
 wrecked within the bay, and little save the letters 
 had been saved. 
 
 The ship of 18C5 fared bctt'^r, but she too had 
 been in perils, had been injured by the ice, and had 
 
5 6 JOHN IIORDEN 
 
 to be patclied up at Moose before the return voyage 
 could begin. When fairly alioat it was soon clear to 
 the Hordens tliat tlie voyage would be a very differ- 
 ent one from their first. His own account of tlie 
 early dangers is, as usual, vivid : — 
 
 " AYe left Moose with a fair wind, which oook us 
 in safety over our long, crooked, and dangerous bar; 
 but we had not proceeded above half a day's sail 
 before a heavy storm came upon us. Dangers were 
 around us, the dread of all coming to Moose Fac- 
 tory, the Gasket Shoal, was ahead ; the cliarts were 
 frequently consulted ; the captain was anxious, sleep 
 departed from his eyes. We are at the commence- 
 ment of the straits ; we see land — high, rugged, barren 
 hills ; snow is lying in the valleys, stern winter is 
 already come ; it seems a home scarcely fit for the 
 white bear and the walrus. What are these solitary 
 giants, raising their heads so high, and appearing so 
 formidable ? They are immense icebergs, which have 
 come from regions still farther north, and are now 
 being carried by the current througli Hudson's Straits 
 
o 
 
 c 
 
 
 'A 1 ', 'Pi » . ■ ^ " 
 
 
 
 'Jf 
 
 I 
 
 
"^ FEARFUL NIGHT' 
 
 59 
 
 
 into the Atlantic Ocean. The glass speaks of coming 
 bad weather, the topsails are reefed, reefs are put to 
 the mainsail ; and now it is on us, the wind roars 
 through the rigging, the ship plunges and creaks. 
 Night comes over the scene ; there is no cessation of 
 the tempest ; it howls and roars — it is a fearful night ! 
 One of the boats is nearly swept away, and is saved 
 with difficulty ; we have lost some of our rigging ; 
 one man is washed overboard, and washed back 
 again. The sea breaks over the vessel, and dashes 
 into the cabin ; but One mightier has said, ' Hitherto 
 shalt thou come and no farther.' By the morning, 
 the morning of the Sabbath, the wind had abated." 
 
 The voyage which began in this way continued to 
 be one of weariness. But at last they reached home, 
 and were able to spend some months amidst familiar 
 scenes at Exeter. The old objection to missionary 
 work was now no longer felt by Horden's father, 
 and both parents now found themselves fully in 
 sympathy with the son's work in life. 
 
 Having placed some of their children at school, 
 and obtained a little of the rest so well earned, Mr. 
 
I ' i f' i ri i - i ii r T inr r i w i nn iir m iiir'iw iiTTm 
 
 I 
 
 if 
 
 60 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 and Mrs. Horden went back to the field in 1867. 
 Tliis time they approached their desolate home from 
 the south, travelling by steamer and rail as far as 
 Montreal, and then covering the last 1200 miles in 
 canoes. For Horden himself this would not have 
 meant much hardship; but Mrs. Horden had her 
 two youngest children with her, and for them the 
 long journey was not without its dangers. The 
 party had, of course, to camp out at night, and 
 occasionally the canoes reached places where all the 
 passengers had to land whilst " portages " were made. 
 But they reached their destination safely, and were 
 warmly welcomed. They returned in time to be of 
 help to their neighbours in a winter of great scarcity 
 and hardship. 
 
 Mr. Horden was at once plunged into his former 
 occupations, and added to them a new one. A 
 harmonium had been provided for the little church 
 at Moose, and he learnt to play it. 
 
 
CHAPTEE VI 
 
 OUT-STATIONS 
 
 A Canoe Journey — Fighting the Ice — Simple Worshippers — 
 Indian Liberality — Missionary and Mechanic — The Decay 
 of Heathenism. 
 
 OPiDEN now began a series of 
 
 missionary journeys, longer than 
 
 any he had hitherto attempted. 
 
 In May 1868 he started for 
 
 a post called Brunswick House, which lies 
 
 far to the soutli-east, near Lake Superior. The 
 
 journey, made by canoe, lasted eleven days. The 
 
 river was full of ice, and the travellers were several 
 
 times in serious danger. Horden spent nine days 
 
 amongst the Indians at Brunswick House, and then 
 
 turned home again; A few days were spent at 
 
 91 
 
 1 i 
 
,..,,..4,„itf 
 
 ASSESS 
 
 62 JOHN no R DEN 
 
 Moose, and then he was away once more ; this time 
 heading to the north-east to Eupert's House. There 
 he found some three or four hundred Indians, many 
 of whom had known and practised the worst evils 
 of heathenism, but who were now honest Chris- 
 
 I 
 
 AGED CREE MAN. 
 
 tian people. Two Sundays were spent at Eupert's 
 House ; then the missionary turned due north along 
 the coast of James' Lay (the southern extension 
 of Hudson's Bay), travelling by canoe to Fort 
 George, doing the two hundred miles in four days 
 
 
FIGHTING THE ICE 63 
 
 and a half. Here he had pleasant intercourse with 
 another body of Christian Indians under a native 
 teacher. 
 
 Only a few days could be spent at Fort George, 
 after which passage was taken by a schooner to go 
 still farther north. Their destination was Great 
 Whale River, but the journey threatened to be 
 disastrous. Horden himself thus pictures the ex- 
 periences of this journey: — 
 
 " We get half-way, then, as the vessel cannot move 
 forward, I leave it, and, accompanied by two native 
 sailors, proceed in a small boat. Two days bring us 
 to an encampment of Indians. I now leave my boat 
 and enter a canoe, having with me Keshkumash, his 
 wife, and their young son ; two other canoes, each 
 containing a man and his wife, keep us company. 
 We have to work in earnest. Sometimes we go 
 along fast ; then we were in the midst of ice, and 
 could not move at all ; again we were cliopping a 
 passage for the canoes with our axes; and then, 
 wlien we could do nothing else, we carried it over 
 
64 ■ JOHN HORDEN 
 
 the rocks and set it down where the ice was not so 
 closely packed. 
 
 " After two days and a half of this we came to a 
 standstill, and I determined to go on foot. I took 
 one Indian with me, and we set off. Our walk was 
 over high, bare hills ; rivers ran through several of 
 the valleys, these we waded." 
 
 : \ 
 
 Arrived at last at his destination, there were 
 heathen Indians to deal with, some of whom received 
 his message, whilst some did not. But Horden had 
 not yet reached his farthest point north, and there- 
 fore pushed on to Little Whale Eiver, where he was 
 amongst the Eskimo. Then, and not till then, 
 did he return south. 
 
 In 1870 came another series of long journeys, 
 marked by so much hardship that Horden's health 
 suffered. He left Moose in June, and travelled up 
 the river to New Brunswick, having for his com- 
 panions during a part of the time some Indians, who, 
 before they knew a white missionary, had learned 
 from a Christian Indian how to worsliip God. 
 
A GOOD COLLECTION 
 
 H 
 
 Their way was very simplt\ One gave out tlie verso 
 of a liymii ; another repeated a text of Scripture ; 
 then came more of tlie hymn, and then more texts. 
 After this they knelt, and some half a dozen began 
 to pray all at once. Th« heathen observers found 
 opportunity to speak, and one exi^lained that lie had 
 been fa^'oured with a visit from a spirit, which 
 declared that it would withdraw its protection from 
 his children if he gave them up for Christian 
 teaching. 
 
 From New Brunswick Horden went on to the 
 south-east, to a station called Matawakumma. 
 There the Indians were decreasing in numbers, but 
 not in their love for Christ. For amongst them 
 Horden made what he called "the largest com- 
 parative collection I have ever made in my life, no 
 less than £8, 2s. 8d." The liberality of these little 
 scattered communities was indeed remarkable. If 
 they could not give in coin they could in 
 kind. 
 
 One collection from an Indian congregation 
 produced fifty - eight beavers, then equal to a 
 
66 
 
 JOHN nORDEN 
 
 
 sum of £8, 14s. When Ilorden was building a 
 school at Moose, they gave part of their aid in 
 labour, and worked to the value of £20. ]iefore 
 Horden returned a second time to England, ho 
 had built five churches, not one of which could 
 have been raised without the hearty co-opera- 
 tion of the Christian Indians. That in the building 
 of them he had reason again and again to be 
 thankful for the early training which made him a 
 good artisan, is plain enough from his letters. But, 
 like Mackay, he knew that he could be serving God 
 just as well when working with hammer and chisel 
 as when praying with a little group of Indians 
 encamped for the night by some swift stream, or 
 preaching in one of the churches raised in part by 
 his own labour, or when brightening with the sure 
 promises of God the deathbed of some believing 
 Indian. * 
 
 But a new responsibility was about 'o all on 
 Ilorden, and, in preparation for this, .o went to 
 England in 1872. 
 
 When he left Moose, heathenism was almost ex- 
 
A GROWING CIIURCII 
 
 67 
 
 tinet there. Twelve native teachers, trained l)y liini, 
 were niinistering to their brethren ; and the number 
 of declared Christians in his district was estimated 
 atlG25. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 A NEW IlESrO^'SlBlLITY 
 
 ^i\ 
 
 IlorJcn Consecrated Bishop of Moosonee— A Great Diocese, Few 
 People — At Work once more — A Day's Tasks — An In- 
 terrnptccl Service, and Scolding Mothers— An Ordination 
 Sermon. 
 
 ^ OEDEN was called {j England tliat 
 ^'^ he might be made a bishop. The 
 country round Hudson's Bay had 
 formed a part of tlie immense 
 diocese of Ptupert's Land, but, with the advance of 
 missionary work and the increase of the white 
 population, it had been resolved to divide it. 
 An irregular slice of territory surrounding Hud- 
 son's Bay became the new diocese of Moosonee, 
 and was placed under Horden's care. No better 
 
CONSECRATED BISHOP 69 
 
 choice could have been made. He was in the prime 
 of life, and had seen twenty-one years of service in 
 the field. He had shown qualities wliich are rarely 
 found together in one man. * 
 
 nrsHOP s couiiT, schoolhoiise, axd tent, moose Four, 
 
 He was consecrated at Westminster Abbey on 
 December 15, 1872 ; one of the prelates who laid 
 their hands on him being that very Bishop Anderson 
 who, just twenty years before, had ordained him at 
 Moose. 
 
f^ 
 
 r 
 
 70 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 The new diocese had this peculiarity, that on one 
 side it had no boundary. Towards the north it 
 extends as far as you please; towards the south it 
 is now bordered by the Canadian Pacific Railway ; 
 eastward and westward it runs up by the shores of 
 the great bay. The inhabitants perhaps numbered 
 10,000 ; a few Europeans, some half-breeds, with 
 Crees, Ojibbeways, Chippewyans, and Eskimo. There 
 was no rich person in the diocese, and the Indians 
 in particular had many hardships to face. But the 
 population was so scattered that, when Horden was 
 summoned home this time, he had, as he put it, just 
 returned from "a five months' walk" in his own 
 "parish." 
 
 Bishop Horden left England in May, and went 
 home overland — that is to say, lie again approached 
 Moose from the south. It was another case of hard 
 work, hard fare, and hard dealings from the mos- 
 quitoes, which had no more reverence for a bishop 
 than for a curate. 
 
 Of course there were rejoicings at the return of the 
 bishop, but Horden himself settled down at once to 
 
WINTER WORK 
 
 71 
 
 everyday work. He had his plans for the diocese, 
 dividing it into districts, in the liope.of placing a 
 clergyman in each. Into the work of translation he 
 threw himself with new zest, using npon this the long 
 days when the rivers were in the grip of the ice, and 
 little travelling could be done. Thus, in writing on 
 May 5th, 1874, the date of the great Church Missionary 
 Society meeting of the year, in the Exeter Hall, he 
 gives us a glimpse of one such quiet day at 
 Moose: — 
 
 "Outside it is very gloomy; it is still very cold; 
 the snow is very deep on the ground ; the ice in the 
 river is nearly as strong as it was in the middle of 
 winter, and we do not anticipate a break-up for a 
 fortnight, and when the break-up comes we fear a 
 flood. 
 
 " And, now, how shall I spend the day ? Princi- 
 pally on my translations, which, T thank God, are 
 progressing very favourably. T am now engaged on 
 the Psalms, which are to form the commencement of 
 the book I have in hand. See me, then, as I shall be 
 
;! 
 
 72 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 half an hour hence, pen and ink and manuscript 
 book before me, Scott's Commentary opened 
 at the ninetieth Psalm, with Mason's Bible, Cree 
 Dictionary, Prayer - book, Cruden's Concordance, 
 arrayed around me, and I shall be deep in 
 the beauties of that solemn Psalm. At nine 
 I take Bertie and Beatrice for an hour, and 
 then return to my translations until dinner- 
 time. Afterwards I shall go out to see some 
 of my people, notably a very aged woman, 
 grandmother of our schoolmaster; she has lived 
 over a century." 
 
 But with these cares in his mind he always had 
 an eye for the ordinary life of the settlement. He 
 could help with the rest in preparing for the 
 winter ; in seeing that a potato crop was got in ; 
 that a stock of fish was caught, and salted or 
 frozen ; that pigs and cattle were killed and 
 frozen; that great stores of firewood were brought 
 in. For those who were healthy there were 
 amusements too. The bishop's boys — like any 
 
 
 \. 
 
 f 
 
 4. 
 
k 
 
 SFOJ^TS AND PASTIMES 73 
 
 other boys — enjoyed wielding an axe, and were 
 never better 2;^leased than when out in the 
 woods. Then they could taste the keen joy 
 of rushing through the crisp air on a toboggan, 
 which even those who have only known the 
 sport as it is practised in winter in Switzerland 
 will envy them. There was fishing too; cold 
 work with the temperature "a little below zero," 
 so that the trout froze hard soon after they 
 left the water. But the bishop knew the secret 
 of contentment, and writes down his own view in 
 these words — 
 
 "The happiest man is he who is most diligcnthj 
 emjoloyed ahout his Master's husinessr 
 
 Perhaps Horden's new dignity added weight to 
 his words. At all events, it was soon after his 
 return as a bishop that a curious interruption 
 stopped for a moment one of his services. He had 
 been up the bay, when, during the journey, he saw 
 a body of Indians in the distance. As usual, he at 
 once arranged a service for them. A good many 
 
 i 
 
 . I! 
 
i 
 
 ill 
 
 74 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 young people were present, to whom the bishop 
 spoke. 
 
 Suddenly there was a stir amongst the hearers, 
 and cries were raised. 
 
 He stopped for a moment in astonishment ; hut 
 then their voices told him the cause of the 
 tumult. The mothers were making the most of 
 his advice. 
 
 "Do you hear?" they cried to their daugh- 
 ters ; " isn't this what we are always telling 
 you?" 
 
 Then the daughters were hauled to the front, 
 whilst their mothers shouted : " Come here, that he 
 may see you; let him see how ashamed you look, 
 you disobedient children." 
 
 This interlude over, the sermon went on to a 
 happy end. 
 
 Bishop Horden had for years been training some 
 natives, with a view to the ministry, and two were 
 speedily ordained by him. His own summary of 
 his first ordination sermon will interest those 
 who care to know the spirit in which Horden 
 
 ft 
 
A SEJ^MON TO EVANGELISTS 
 
 75 
 
 worked, and the spirit he desired for his lielpers. 
 The text was Heb. xii. 2, and the summary runs 
 thus — 
 
 I 
 
 " 1. Look unto Jesus, to learn in what spirit your 
 work should be performed. 
 
 " 2. Look at Jesus, and see in Him how a minister 
 of God should 'pray. 
 
 "3. Look unto Jesus, and learn from Him how 
 to improve opportunities which arise in the course 
 of your ministry. When paddling with an Indian, 
 over one of the lakes, teach aim to look to Jesus, 
 who walked on the waves of the Lake of Gennes- 
 aret. In the lonely bivouac, speak to him of Jesus 
 who had not where to lay His head. In the squalid 
 tent, of Him who, though He was rich, yet for our 
 sakes became poor. 
 
 "4. Look unto Jesus, and learn from Him how 
 best to convey instruction. 
 
 " 5. Look unto Jesus in His holiness, and fashion 
 your life in the same faultless mould. 
 
 
 . 
 
■ 
 
 76 JOHN IIORDEN 
 
 "6. Look unto Jesus, for the fulfilment of His 
 promises. 
 
 " 7. Teach those to whom you are sent to look 
 unto Jesus." 
 
 The bishop's words were, his hearers knew, but 
 the reflection of his own life. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^li 
 
I 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 
 LEAVES FROM BISHOP IIORDEN's DIARY 
 
 i^ 
 
 More Helpers— A Roundabout Way to the Far North — A Torrible 
 Journoy — An Arctic Home — Lonely Churchill — An Indian 
 Heroine — The Fruits of Christianity — Another Year of Rest. 
 
 N the settlement of teachers for the 
 little commimities under his care 
 the bishop felt the greatest joy. He 
 was able to place two native clergy- 
 men amongst the Ojibbeways. York Factory, an 
 important trading-post on the south-west shore 
 of the bay, had an English clergyman, Mr,, after- 
 wards Archdeacon, Winter ; another English clergy- 
 man, the Eev. J. H. Keen, worked at Moose, and 
 then at Eupert's House ; and then Mr. E. J. 
 Peck, who had begun life in the navy, came out to 
 
 77 
 

 t ' 
 
 
 3 
 
 ml 
 
 78 /0//JV II OR DEN 
 
 work ainon^^st tlie Eskimo. Mr. Peck was ordained 
 by tlio Lishop in 1878, and is still attached to the 
 same mission. 
 
 But it must not be supposed tliat the help thus 
 given made Horden himself less active. He 
 "laboured more abundantly than tliey all," and 
 with the same cheerful humility. He made a 
 journey to the south-west to attend a Synod at 
 Winnipeg, and thence proceeded, by way of con- 
 trast, to the north-west tliat he might visit York 
 Factory. This curiously illustrates an old saying 
 as to the " longest way round " being the " shortest 
 way there." York Factory lies far to the north-west 
 of Moose on the shores of the Hudson's Bay, at 
 the mouth of the Nelson Biver. To reach it 
 Horden went almost due south to Mattawa; then 
 westward by the Canadian Pacific Bailway. A 
 stay was made near Winnipeg; then he went 
 still farther west by steamer and boat before 
 striking to the north through a desolate land 
 to York Factory. Here the bishop was busy as 
 ever, conducting an English school,— for desolate ag 
 
 J 
 
J 
 
 'A 
 
 H 
 
 W 
 M 
 
 tn 
 H 
 
 M 
 
 79 
 
TniR TY DEGREES BELO \V ZERO Si 
 
 the spot is, the fur trade lias gathered a little colony 
 of Kiiglish there,— helpiii.^ the resident laissionai-y to 
 learn Cree, and teachiiiif the natives. 
 
 From York Factory Ilorden jnished on to Fort 
 Churchill, the most northerly spot inluihited in 
 his diocese. This, too, is on the shores of the bay. 
 The bishop's diary of this expedition shows the 
 life which a missionary must be content to lead 
 who would preach Christ in the fiir north. JferG 
 it is:^ 
 
 ,-w 
 
 ''Fd). Ls^, 1880.— At four o'clock, soon after the 
 close of the Indian service, drove from Yolk Factory 
 8 miles, through willqws and woods to a house 
 occupied by wood-cutters. Temperature, oO degrees 
 below zero. 
 
 " Feb, 2?ir?.— After service and breakfast, set out on 
 our way to Churchill ; the cold was severe and the 
 wind high, so high indeed that the guide had some 
 doubts about crossing Nelson Ptiver, which we reached 
 soon after starting. Where we crossed it was 8 miles 
 wide and very rough, the ice piled high most of the 
 
%f 
 
 
 ga /0//JV TIORDEN 
 
 distance ; it was the most diflicult travelling I have 
 ever experienced ; wo were obliged to cross miles 
 higher up than the rente some of my companions 
 had taken in coming to York only a few days 
 previously, the ice having been broken up b}' the 
 fierce winds which have lately raged. Having 
 crossed without accident we went down the northern 
 bank of the river towards the sea ; at noon we took 
 dinner, when our guide thought we had better put 
 up for the night. We all went to Benjamin Kayam- 
 awililew's tent ; he was very kind, and enlarged his 
 tent so as to accommodate the whole of us ; w^e spent 
 a very pleasant evening, I conducting our service 
 in English and Cree. Temperature, 27 degrees 
 below zero. We had among us two carioles, two 
 sledges for baggage and provisions, and sixteen 
 dogs. 
 
 " Fd). 3rd. — After prayers and breakfast, resumed 
 our journey for a short time through woods, and then 
 over more open country. The wind was •high and 
 cold, and the drifting of the snow did not permit us 
 to proceed after tweKe o'clock, We had a very good 
 
 
A TERRIBLE JOURNEY 83 
 
 encampment at Island Bluff. Temporature, 2o 
 degrees below zero. 
 
 ''Feb. 4^;^.— Bitterly cold, with a cutting wind, 
 blowing directly in our faces; our way lay over 
 plains interspersed with belts of trees; encamped 
 between one and two o'clock at Partridge Creek. 
 Temperature, 30 degrees below zero. 
 
 '' Fch. Uh. — Cold still more severe; wind as 
 yesterday, right in our teeth ; could not travel after 
 eleven o'clock, when we encamped at the edge of 
 Stoney Pdver I'lain. With the exception of myself, 
 all were frozen; the guide and James Isaac, my 
 special attendant, very severely. Ttniperature, 3G 
 degrees below zero. 
 
 " Fch. Wi. — No change for tlie better, but obliged 
 to prcc ;ed, as food lor both men and do^s was but 
 ^imiied ; the crossing of the large plain was terrible, 
 and all suffered a great deal. At three o'clock we 
 encamped at Owl Eiver. Temperature, 38 degrees 
 below zero. 
 
 " Feb. Ilh. — We had very bad weather to-day. the 
 wind very high and cold, with a little snow and 
 
Y 
 
 
 84 yO//iV nORDEN 
 
 much drift ; could not proceed after eleven o'clock, 
 when wo encamped on tlie edge of the Big Plain. 
 Indians killed two deer to-day. Temperature, 32 
 decrees l^elow zero. 
 
 " Feb. Wi. — We started very late, and at once 
 faced the plain. In looking over it, one could 
 fancy himself beliolding tlie frozen surface of the 
 sea ; no trees or bushes lireak the uniform level of 
 white, and over it we jogged as rapidly as possible. 
 Riding in a cariole over sucli a surface is by no 
 means agreeable ; one does not experience tlie 
 sense of rapid movement over a smooth surface, 
 one rather feels as if moving slowly over a rough 
 road ; more than anything else, it resembles that 
 of being in a springless cart in a rugged country 
 lane, for the snow lies in ridges, hardened by the 
 wind, over which the cariole is incessantly jumping. 
 At eleven o'clock we reached Bwaak, and proceeded 
 no farther ; it was terribly cold. Temperature, 46 
 degrees below zero. 
 
 " Feb. Wi. — Started early ; weather not so cold. 
 At two r.M. reached the south end of a belt of 
 
 ,v 
 
85 
 
 ;i 
 
 CHURCHILL 
 
 woods, called Robinson's Bluff, when it was snowiix^ 
 somewhat thickly, and as this was a good place, with 
 plenty of good wood, we encamped for the night. 
 Temperature, 28 degrees below zero. 
 
 ''Feb. 10^/^.— The weather somewhat better, and 
 we made a good day, encamping in the evening 
 among the eastern woods. Temperature, 31 degrees 
 below zero, 
 
 ''Feb. \Wi.—k fine day, bright and cold, without 
 wind ; passed over several plains and small lakes, and 
 through some belts of woods. At noon we took 
 dinner at Statchookem liidge, and there, 15 miles 
 from Churchill, made a good smoke to signal our 
 approach; 8 miles farther on, we made another, 
 and w^ere soon met by men from the post, with a 
 team of dogs, by which we sent forward our 
 doctor, who, with his fresh team and drivers, could 
 get on much faster than we could do. We now 
 made a descent of a couple of miles through a 
 wood, which brought us to the bank of the Churchill 
 liiver, here 4 miles wide; the crossing was some- 
 what disag'-eeable, from the great roughness of the 
 
86 JOHN IIORDEN 
 
 ice, altliougli it was nothing like as 1)ad as that 
 whicli covered the Nelson liiver. At half - past 
 four o'clock, I arrived at Churchill House, where the 
 warmest of receptions was given me by Mr. Spencer, 
 the Hudson's l>ay Company's agent, and his wife, 
 in tlie evening, held a service attended by all at the 
 [)ost. Temperature, 30 degrees below zero. 
 
 " The temperature given is that registered within 
 the Fort at York Factory. The actual cold we 
 experienced on the trip would be, at least, two 
 degrees more in intensity than those I have given, on 
 account of our exposure and of our journeying 
 northward. Every evening, from an hour to an 
 hour and a half was expended in ^)reparing our 
 barricade, on which much care was bestowed ; tlie 
 snow was first cleared from the ground, a wall 
 of pine-trees, with the brush on, was then raised, 
 over 4 feet high, so as to protect us effectually 
 from the wind; at some distance in front of this 
 the fire was laid, tlie whole space between it and 
 the wall bviing thickly piled with pine -brush, 
 which formed an agreeable carpet and bed ; the 
 
CAMPING OUT 
 
 «7 
 
 '' 
 
 quantity of firewood cut was enormous ; a small fire, 
 and one not constantly reidenished, would make but 
 little impression on air 40 degrees below zero. Cook- 
 ing and taking supper occupied some time, and then 
 we would sometimes get a story from one of our 
 
 A IIUNTEK VLSlllNT, HIS TlUl*. 
 
 companions of his travelling or hunting ex})eriences, 
 in which pluck, endurance, and self-reliance shone 
 with becoming lustre. All closed witli a service, in 
 which everyone seemed to join witli great liciirtiness. 
 In the morniuLr before startinuf, anotlier service 
 
7= 
 
 m 
 
 ■ 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I t 
 
 : 
 
 
 88 /OBJV HORDEN 
 
 was always held. From all, I experienced the 
 greatest kindness; my faintest wish was complied 
 with, if it had not been already anticipated. All 
 were willing, all were cheerful; an angry look or 
 an angry word was not interchanged the whole way." 
 
 Churchill is not a place which any European 
 would choose as a home if duty did not call him 
 there. The cold is believed to be as intense there as 
 in almost any other spot on the earth's surface, 
 and the isolation is so great, that the wife of 
 the agent in charge was " often years without 
 seeing the face of a civilised woman." Nor shall 
 we wonder, since it is a place where tlie land 
 sees eight months of continuous winter, witli only 
 some six weeks of real sunmicr. There also, however, 
 Bishop Horden was able to place a resident mission- 
 ary, with so much blessing that, in recent years, 
 nearly all the adults have regularly met at the table 
 of the Lord. A few sentences from a comparatively 
 recent letter will show tlmt, desert as the land may 
 be called, it has been fruitful before God. 
 
 f 
 
 
 ']: 
 
SNOW IN CHURCH 89 
 
 "Constant and regular attendance," writes the 
 missionary, "at all services is some proof of a desire 
 to serve Christ at Churchill, for I am quite sure there 
 are many real Christians in England whose place in the 
 house of God would often be vacant if they had such 
 a church as we had last winter : it was no uncommon 
 thing to see minister and congregation covered with 
 snow, and often have I gone through the full service 
 with the thermometer a long way below freezing- 
 point, yet all were as reverent and devout as if in a 
 comfortable English church. Thank God, we have 
 now got our new church opened and in use, so 
 that I hope we may escape rain and storm, 
 though to get the church fairly warm, with the 
 thermometer 50 degrees below zero, requires good fires 
 and goo<l wood; the latter is an impossibility to 
 
 get at Churchill." 
 
 The bishop's letters, during the period of service 
 over which we have been looking, include many testi- 
 monies to the character and worth of the Christian 
 Indians, both men nnd women, Tlie "noble lied 
 
Ill 
 
 inl'i 
 
 I 
 
 : 
 
 , II 
 
 iJ 
 
 90 JOl/JV HORDE N 
 
 in.iii" does not Jilways appear in lictiun or in fact 
 with niucli true nobility of character; yet under the 
 gospel of Christ, men and women sucli as liad once 
 killed their own kindred, to save themselves from 
 starving, proved themselves genuine heroes. Such a 
 woman was Eliza, whose liistory Bishop llorden 
 often alluded to. It is given in full in the letter 
 which speaks of her deatli. Here it is in Ids own 
 words — 
 
 " When I came to Moose, live - and - thirty 
 years ago, among my first scholars was a }'oung 
 Indian girl, named Eliza Crow ; she was very 
 industrious in her studies, and was not long 
 in acquiring the power of both speaking and 
 reading English, and her Bible soon became 
 her greatest delight. After a while, the family 
 with whom she was living was sent far away 
 into the interior to take charge of a trading- 
 post, and she went with them. Here she 
 married a Christian Indian, who was in the 
 service of the Hudson's liay Company. Leaving 
 
 . 
 
 1 
 
I 
 
 • 
 
 , 
 
 INDIAN TUAi'i'KJlS. 
 
AN INDIAN irEROINE 
 
 93 
 
 that oiiiploy, tliey went to Al])uiiy, her liusliaiul's 
 liouio, whoro they obtuinud tluMr UvoHIkkkI uh 
 fur-liunters. Ono winter tlicy huntod on tlm 
 Island of Agonisko, tlie Enj^disli interprotation of 
 Ukamuskc — 'the land on the otlier side of the 
 water.' Food was very scarce, and became more 
 so, until tlieir two youngest children succumbed 
 to starvation. Tliey were upwards of seventy 
 miles from Albany, tlie nearest point at wliich 
 assistance could l)e obtained. This must be 
 reached, or all would starve. Eliza tied her 
 two remaining children, a boy and girl, well 
 wrapped up, on her sledge, and, preceded by 
 her husband, now in a state of great exhaustion, 
 began the weary tramp. Bravely they toiled on, 
 until the husband's strength was spent. She 
 then made up a small tent, lit a fire, and 
 made him as comfortable as possible. She then 
 pushed on with her load, reached the leadin^r 
 establishment, and fainted away. Nature had held 
 out longer than could have been anticipated. 
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 delay, engaged in ministering to the wants of 
 the famished ones. As soon as slie could 
 speak, Eliza evinced licr anxiety for her hus- 
 band, stating the condition in wliich she left 
 him, and beseeching that help might be sent 
 to him at once. Eskimo dogs were harnessed, 
 and supplies instantly despatched. The tent 
 was reached, but succour had come too late. 
 The remains — cold, stiff, and emaciated — of the 
 sufferer were alone there. These were buried, and 
 the organisers returned to Albany. In the following 
 summer Eliza came on to Moose, where she supported 
 herself and her children by he: industry ; she was 
 after a time married to her second husband, Norman 
 Mardevela, a European, to whom she was a faithful 
 and attached wife, and by whom she became the 
 mother of four children, and these she brought up in 
 an exemplary manner. Her last illness was a long 
 one, which she bore with great patience. As the 
 end approached, she seemed very anxious to 
 be gone, saying that her Saviour stood waiting 
 for her ; her end was peace. She was held in 
 
A CONTRAST 
 
 95 
 
 honour hy all at Mooso, and slie will long live 
 in our memory." 
 
 This story of fighting hunger is but too sadly com- 
 mon in the simple records of Indian life. Amelia's 
 case was not unlike that of Eliza's ; she too lost her 
 husband in the vain effort to reach help. In the 
 midst of this anguish a child was born, and that little 
 one Amelia succeeded in carrying alive to Moose. 
 
 There was the wife of Jacob Matamashkum, who 
 saved her husband from starvation by feeding him 
 with the milk nature had given her for her child. 
 " In the summer," wrote the wife of a native pastor 
 at one station, " we depend altogether on our nets, 
 and if fish fails, then there is nothing at all." 
 
 There are people sitting quietly at home in 
 England, who sometimes doubt the value of 
 Christianity to such as these Indians. The contrast 
 between the heathen who in time of death saved 
 himself by cannibalism, and the Christian who 
 showed the courage and faith of Eliza and Amelia, 
 is worth their consideration. 
 
r^ 
 
 II 
 
 96 JOHN IIORDEX 
 
 The l)i.shop went back from Churclull to Fort 
 York, and Jicnce, l)y the annual sliip, wlmiI to England 
 for rest after liis lirst eight years ox work as a 
 bishop. 
 
nd 
 a 
 
 CHAPTEE IX 
 
 YEAKS OF TRIAL 
 
 Moosonee Once More-Pestilenco and Fanm,e-A Perilous Journey 
 -A Forest Fuiryland-A Lon- Ride IJehind Dogs. 
 
 LSHOP IIOPDEX rciurncd to Moosonee 
 in 1882. His friends in England 
 had seen a marked change in liim 
 since he was last amongst them, 
 and even those who, like myself, had never met 
 Bishop Horden until this period, could not help 
 noticing that he seemed physically unequal to the 
 long, tiring journeys, and the extremes of heat and 
 cold, and the exposure to which he was about to 
 return. But at Moose their one anxiety was to have 
 him with them. 
 7 
 
98 JOHN IIORDEN 
 
 Hordcn travelled a<,rain by the southern route. 
 The progress of the Canadian Pacitie Itailway was 
 making a change along the lower part of Ids 
 diocese. Mattawa, when last he went that way to 
 Moose, consi^jted of three houses. He now found 
 i'j a flourishing little town. But the railway could 
 not carry him north to Moose, and when once 
 more in the canoe he found the weight of years 
 beginning to tell upon him. But his spirits did 
 not fail him. 
 
 In his diary he looks to the pleasure of meeting 
 his own people ; writes gleefully of the joy shown 
 by a few Moose folk whom he met as they 
 drew near the settlement ; tlien of the little tumult 
 that ensues when the news of his arrival is 
 announced by voice and Hag and bell ; and, lastly, 
 of the service which is almost at once held in the 
 church. 
 
 Progress had been made in the bishop's absence, 
 but there were sore trials to face. In the summer 
 of 1883 an epidemic of whooping-cough broke out at 
 Moose and Albany. At the latter station forty-four 
 
 \ 
 
! 
 
 f 
 
 MANY SOJiROlVS 99 
 
 died out of the small community ; at Moose tlie disease 
 was scarcely less fatal. In August a severe storm 
 did much damage at Moose, and threw the more 
 gloom over the settlement because the yearly ship 
 was then expected. September came, day succeeding 
 day without the expected arrival. It had been a 
 time of great suffering, and the prospect of Christmas 
 without the supplies expected filled all with alarm. 
 Medicines were exhausted, candles were nearly all 
 gone, only half a crop of potatoes was available, and 
 even clothing was getting scarce. It was not until 
 September 21st that the joyful cry, "The ship's 
 come," was heard. 
 
 The anxiety told so much on Horden, and the 
 results of another shipwreck would have been 
 so serious, that he resolved to lay in a year's 
 supply of all necessaries for all the stations, and 
 so to lessen the risk of starvation. The money 
 was found, and their yearly dread was therefore 
 gone. 
 
 But there were more sorrows to meet. The year 
 1884 was one of much sickness and distress, which 
 
lOO 
 
 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 had to be fought on all sides. Early in the summer 
 the bishop made a journey up the Moose to Long 
 Portage House. It was the kind of work which now 
 tried him — the canoe journey hard, and the weather 
 cold for camping out. Yet he was repaid by the 
 pleasure of ministering to the little group of people 
 at the station. On the journey out they met in five 
 days but one family. On the return they came upon 
 a small body of Indians. They stopped at once, and 
 a service which lasted for three hours was held. The 
 bishop went into camp at half-past ten, and was up 
 and in the canoe again at four. 
 
 In the September of that year he had only just 
 returned from the hard journey, when the news that 
 influenza was raging at Albany sent him off on 
 another journey of 100 miles again. 
 
 And his presence there was sorely needed. The 
 epidemic threatened to sweep off the whole population, 
 and was especially fatal to the young men. There 
 were five funerals in one day, as many as for the 
 most part occurred in a year. "To aggravate the 
 evil," writes the bishop, " the weather was terrible; 
 
lOI 
 
 A WELCOME BISHOP 
 
 for it was raining almost every day, wliile suitable 
 food was not obtainable. Of flour, salt pork, and 
 salt geese there was abundance, and they were 
 distributed with a liberal hand; but in the summer 
 there are no birds in the Albany marshes-no fish in 
 the Albany river; it is always, as tlie Indians say, 
 Kitemakun, tfqyu-a naspich Idtcmakun—' It is poor : 
 truly it is very poor.' " 
 
 Horden's coming seemed to give all new life. He 
 was, compared with them, in health, and full of the 
 bright, cheerful faith which they had seen him show 
 in times of hardship before. He was here, there, 
 and everywhere amongst them, distributing medicine 
 and food ; comforting the dying, burying the dead, 
 consoling the bereaved ; setting the convalescent to 
 such tasks as they were fit for. After five weeks 
 of such work he was able to turn his face home- 
 wards, leaving not one Indian seriously ill behind 
 him. 
 
 At Eupert's House, too, sickness and death had 
 been busy. It was one of the brightest spots in the 
 land. The Indians had all received the gospel, and 
 
I02 JOHN JIORDEN 
 
 held it faitlifully; tlicy were orderly, industrious, 
 well-to-do people ; sturvation rarely threatened their 
 little community. But now Ilorden found every- 
 thing changed. Such suffering had come upon them 
 a.s was usually seen in less prosperous settlements. 
 
 " Xow," wrote the hishop in his annual letter, " I 
 looked <around and inquired, ' Wliere is this Indian ? 
 where that ? what became of this child's father ? 
 where is this cliild's mother ? ' 
 
 "And the answer came: 'lie died of starvation 
 four winters ago; lie was starved to death three 
 years fi' nee; slie and idl tlie rest of her children were 
 cut off two years ago.' 
 
 "'And wliat losses were sustained l»y you, last 
 winter?' 
 
 "And I am told — four men, three women, and 
 nineteen children ; they were all baptized Christians." 
 
 Once in returning from Eupert's House the 
 bishop nearly lost his life. They were crossing 
 part of the bay in a dog-sleigh, and were nearly 
 ten miles from land, when, looking seaward, they saw 
 
• A NARROW ESCAPE ,03 
 
 the ice breakiii.i,' up before the tide, and a stick struck 
 vigorously upou tlie ice near them went through ' 
 Tliey turned at once, liappily reachini,' Puipert's 
 House in safety. 
 
 The next catastroplie was tlie wreck of the annual 
 ship, The Prrnrcss Royal Happily for the settlers 
 it was upon her return voyage ; hut the crew were 
 for some months prisoners at Moose. 
 
 The autumn of 1885 was a tryin<^^ one, for the 
 weather turned warm when it should have heen 
 cold. This was hard for those who dwelt on Moose 
 Island. "We can generally," he wrote, "cross the 
 main channel of our river about Nov. 10th, on 
 the ice, while this season we could not do so until 
 a few days since. This is by no means to our advan- 
 tage, as most of our firewood and a good portion of our 
 food are obtainable at a distance from our island, to 
 which we are confined until the river is firmly frozen; 
 as it was, it lay for weeks quite impassable, with too 
 mucli ice in it for navigation by boat or canoe, and 
 too little for either sledge or snow-shoe." 
 
 But amidst the anxieties of this time ITorden still 
 
^ 
 
 1 04 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 liiul an eye for tlie Leauties of nature. In one letter 
 lie descril)es the forest as converted into a fairyland, 
 in a way to which even his long experience does not 
 seem t(j have furnished any parallel. 
 
 " A light rain fell for several hours, and froze at 
 once on touchinr^ the houses, trees, and bushes; con- 
 sequently the windward sides of the houses were 
 covered with innumerable small icicles, depending 
 from the lower edge of the weather boards; the 
 trees, and especially the poplars, were thicki}^ coated 
 with ice, every branch being apparently encased in 
 transparent glass ; while the bushes, almost llattcned 
 to the gnnnid by their weiglit of beauty, presented a 
 hiust rurious and striking appearance. Nor was this 
 all, for a fow da) .s subsequently some very fine snow, 
 or rather perhaps frozen mist, fell on the transpar- 
 encies, tlie nrsiilt being the most fairylike imaginable; 
 and in a walk in 'the forest one would not have been 
 at all .♦furprised had lie met with troops of elves, pixies, 
 and fairies, with whose history we were made so 
 well acquainted in the days of our childhood. But 
 
 i 
 
FAIRYLAND 
 
 105 
 
 tliis beauty was very destructive; tlic branches ot' 
 the trees could not bear this unaccustomed burden, 
 and numbers of them were continually breaking olf, 
 so that it was somewhat dangerous to walk under 
 tliem, and of the bushes many were entirely destroyed. 
 The birds and herbivorous animals must have; suffered 
 severely for a time, as it was impossible for them to 
 obtain food ; even the blades of grass which appeared 
 *bove the snow were all as thick as ropes. Things 
 are better now, althougii they have not yet readied 
 tlieir normal condition." 
 
 At the end of the same year the bishop made 
 another journey to Albany. His account, pul Wished 
 in England in the following April, is marked by all 
 his old power- of picturesque description. It will 
 help the reader to understand the life which Horden 
 still found it a joy to lead. The start was made on 
 Dec. 18th, when, directly after breakfast, accom- 
 panied by his faithful fellow- workers, he walked to the 
 Hudson's Bay Company's establishment, whence they 
 were to start. The sledge was already on the river. 
 
' 
 
 m 
 
 lit 
 
 \ 
 
 io6 /O/LV HORDEN 
 
 " Soon the dogs, twelve in number, and as beautiful 
 creatures as were ever in harness, were led down tlie 
 bank, and each with his separate trail fastened to 
 the sledge, whicli was firmly moored to prevent the 
 dogs running ofT with it until all was ready. This 
 was soon effected ; I said good-l)ye to the many 
 friends assend)led to see me off, the dogs in the 
 meantime jumping, howling, tugging at the sledge 
 in tlieir eagerness to start ; the mooring-rope was soon 
 loosened, and a moment afterwards we were at the 
 gallop, passing down the river in front of the houses 
 standing on its northern bank, tlie inmates clieerinq; 
 us onward. At the end of tlio first half-mile w^e 
 passed the last house, and were soon in tlie wilder- 
 ness, away from the siglit and sound of everything 
 except ourselves. For a short time, while we were 
 among the islands, the ice was rough, occasioned 
 by the currents of the river and the action of the 
 tides in the narrow spaces between tlie islands, but 
 presently this was at an end, and the running 
 became as smooth as the most fastidious traveller 
 could desire. The temperature was delightful, no 
 
BEHIND THE DOGS 
 
 107 
 
 wrapping up being required ; it was simply perfec- 
 tion, and the mind felt a degree of elasticity to 
 which it had long been a stranger. After going 
 about fourteen miles, we came in sight of tlie ill- 
 
 IN CAMP. 
 
 fated Fri7iccss JiOTjal, lying about six miles from tlio 
 shore, and a little farther on we readied North lUuff 
 Beacon. There we remained half an hour to give 
 the dogs a little rest, and take a little refreshment 
 
Ill 
 
 1 1 
 
 li ;i 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 08 /0^/JV HORDEN 
 
 ourselves; then on aga,in; the splendid dogs, with 
 their tails curled over their backs, required no whip 
 to urge them forward, but either at full gallop or 
 fast trot, went on to our tent at Piskwamisk. We 
 had done 40 miles in little over six hours, one of 
 the best and most pleasant travelling days I have 
 ever experienced. We soon made ourselves comfort- 
 able, and then saw to the comfort of our hard- 
 working beasts, removing their harness, and fastening 
 each with a chain to a separate tree stump to 
 prevent their indulging in a fight, giving each a bed 
 of pine brush, and then supplying him with a good 
 supper of frozen white-fish, which, having most 
 greedily devoured, and seeing that nothing more 
 was forthcoming, he coiled himself up on his bed 
 with his tail over his head, and relapsed into perfect 
 silence for the night. 
 
 "The following morning the weather was very 
 rough, and the atmosphere so thick that nothing 
 seaward was visible, so we remained in camp, and 
 passed most of the day in reading. The weather 
 was not very inviting on our third morning, 
 
A PLEASANT /OURNEY 109 
 
 but we had only a short stage before us to 
 Cock Point, which it was absolutely necessary 
 for us to reach so as to secure food for our 
 dogs. Four hours took us there, and six hours 
 and a half brought us the next day to Albany, 
 where I found all well." 
 
 I 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 i\\ 
 
 TO ENGLAND FOR THE LAST TIME 
 
 The Coming of Summer — Break-up of the Ice — The Three Cows 
 of Churchill — Eskimo Dog Teams — Farewell Services — A 
 Polyglot Preacher — lu the Canoe Oiico More — A Critical 
 Moment — Ilorden in England. 
 
 HE coming of the summer of 1886 
 was not without its alarm and 
 danger for the dwellers at Moose. 
 The ice broke up earlier than had 
 known before. An Indian came 
 in on April 16th to warn the settlement that the 
 ice was rotten. Four days later the ice could 
 be seen some six miles off to be standing in high 
 mounds. Big guns were fired — the warning to 
 all Indians hunting at the river mouth. There was 
 
 110 
 
 ever 
 
 been 
 
BREAK- UP OF THE ICE 
 
 III 
 
 no immediate change, but at three the next mornin^T 
 the crash came. "There was," wrote the bishop, 
 " a roar as of heavy artillery. The ice broke right 
 across the river, and began to heave and plunge, and 
 a large body of it moved onwards. A huge field of 
 it, rising above the river's bank, rushed forward as 
 if it would destroy the mission premises, and stopping 
 but a few feet from my front gate, all became quiet 
 agani. The river, packed with piled and broken ice- 
 blocks looked wild and threatening, and we anxiously 
 waited to see what the result of future shores would 
 be. The water ebbed and Howed, and an occasional 
 movement took place, but there was no cause for 
 alarm, until eleven o'clock at night, when the water 
 rose very high and tlie ice was borne forward with 
 great velocity, the field of ice in front of my house 
 being brought up to our fence, and the water lying 
 deep in my garden." 
 
 All that summer the bishop was busy. There 
 were still translations to be made ; there were still 
 teachers to train ; there was still the ordinary work 
 of the evangelist and pastor to discharge. Amidst 
 
. t 
 
 i >■ 
 
 1 I 
 
 112 JOHN IIORDEN 
 
 it all he finds time to write long letters home for 
 publication, for Bishop Horden knew that the way 
 to excite and keep alive an interest in missionary 
 enterprise is to tell people how it is going, 
 and how men fare in the land where the worker 
 is. So Horden trained himself to write almost as 
 fully of the everyday lil'e of his people as of 
 the work of grace which was manifest amongst 
 them. 
 
 Thus, in one letter, he has a long account of Fort 
 Churchill, " the last house in the world," i.e. the 
 nearest to the North Pole. He devoted a good deal 
 of space to the three cows of Churchill — valuable 
 beasts, fed in winter chiefly on the white moss 
 beloved of the reindeer. They were a strange trio. 
 One was so small as to be almost a dwarf. The 
 other was " so supple, that she required no milkmaid 
 to milk her ; she did it herself." The third was the 
 proud owner of an artificial tail. This distinction 
 she owed to an encounter with wolves. Not being 
 far from home, she succeeded in reaching a place of 
 safety alive, But the wolves were not wholly un- 
 
THE WONDERFUL TAIL 113 
 
 successful, for one got near enough to bite off the 
 fugitive's tail. 
 
 The loss was serious. Nowhere does a cow want 
 lier tail more than .nt^, Churchill. Flies swarm there, 
 and without the weapon nature has j^rovided she 
 must die under tlieir attacks. But art came to the 
 help of nature. Somebody remembered that there 
 was a dead cow's tail lying in the store. Happy 
 thought ! It was brought out ; secured firmly to the 
 stump of the lost member, the join neatly covered 
 with canvas and tar; and then the cow was able 
 once more to hold her own against the flies. 
 
 In another letter he gives a long account of the 
 dogs which play so useful a part in the life of their 
 almost Arctic settlement. It is suggested by the 
 unexpected appearance at Moose of a large body of 
 men coming up the river, hauling a heavy sledge 
 behind them. As such work is generally done by 
 dogs, the Moose people knew not what to make of 
 the exhibition, unless the arrivals were strangers 
 from parts unknown. They were, however, no 
 strangers, but neighbours from Albany, who had 
 
f 
 
 
 I I 
 
 ~ H 
 
 i 
 
 1 1 4 /(9^iV HORDEN 
 
 been compelled to liarness themselves to their sledge 
 and come to Moose for supplies, as their dogs had 
 been attacked by a fatal epidemic which had carried 
 off nearly the whole of them. 
 
 The bishop then describes the character and 
 work of the dogs upon which the settler has to rely 
 for so much aid in the hardest season of the year. 
 
 " These dogs, of pure Eskimo br'^ed, are invaluable 
 in winter, and large teams of them are kept at 
 Albany, Eupert's House, Whale Eiver, York, and 
 Churchill. The Albany team was a particularly 
 fine one, great care havbig been taken of late years 
 in the selection of animals for breeding. They 
 were well taken care of, were very tractable, and 
 the pride of their famous driver, Harvey, who loved 
 tliem almost as much as he does his children, 
 and treated them most mercifully, an undeserved 
 blow being never inflicted, and who, when on a 
 journey, saw that every evening they were well 
 fed, and, what is equally necessary, well bedded. 
 In summer they do nothing, and are then voted a 
 
HUNTING I)Ei:U. 
 
II 
 
 1 
 
BUSY DOGS 
 
 117 
 
 great nuisance, as they are very dangerous to the 
 calves, and require to be heavily blocked, which 
 by no means improves their temper, and gives 
 them a sadly hangdog look. In winter tliey do 
 no work at Albany itself, but the whole season 
 ply between Moose and Albany, bringing from there 
 quantities of provisions, and taking back sledge- 
 loads of dry goods. The Eupert's House team 
 is used in a similar manner ; Moose, from the 
 large number of inhabitants, receiving all the food 
 the neighbouring posts can spare, and being the 
 depot of the country, supplying all the goods 
 required for use and trade. At Whale River, 
 where no cattle are kept, dogs haul all the fire- 
 wood consumed at the station, and as the wood 
 is cut seven miles distant from the place, and the 
 consumption is very great, they are kept very 
 busy, and I think work much harder than at the 
 more southern stations. A very large team, or 
 indeed several teams, are kept at York Factory, 
 and are employed in hauling venison, the principal 
 food of the station, from the various places where 
 
I'l 'll 
 
 \ 
 
 ii8 JOHN IIORDEN 
 
 the hunters liave succeeded in killiuLj it. The 
 Cliurchill team, too, is a splendid one, and tlie 
 principal driver, George Oman, is almost as excellent 
 in his way as Hnrvcy of Albany. T have seen these 
 dogs as playful iind gentle as kittens, and as tierce 
 and cruel us a pack of wolves ; sometimes th'^y are 
 idaying with and fondling each other and persons 
 of their ac([uaintance, although there is perhaps less 
 l)ersonal attachment in the Eskimo dog than in any 
 other ; and, again, I have seen dogs lying dead, killed 
 by their companions in their terrible battles. As 
 a rule, they are not dangerous to people, but they do 
 occasionally attack them, and commit great outrages." 
 
 t i [ 
 
 i 
 
 The time was now coming for the bishop to 
 make his last visit to England. Mrs. Horden had 
 remained before when the bishop sailed for Moosonee 
 in 1882, and the separation had now been a long one. 
 Yet, if Mrs. Horden was in England, he had blood- 
 ties Avith Moosonee, and to him that still was home. 
 
 It was on the last day of May 1888 that he began 
 the long journey. The preceding Sunday was 
 
FAREWELL SERVICES n^ 
 
 nuirkccl by a general solemnity on all sides, lor, as 
 he wrote, " every one at Moose is to nie as a son or 
 a daughter." 
 
 The first gathering of the day was an English 
 service, at which the congregation numbered 200, 
 althougli only six were Europeans. There were 
 forty communicants, and the offertory was £35. 
 Mr. Eichards was ord /ned, and, as the bishop 
 afterwards told an English audience, his accomplish- 
 ments were many and varied. He could preach 
 "a very good sermon" in English, and a "very 
 good sermon " in Cree, and a " very tolerable sermon " 
 in Ojibbeway, besides making himself understood m 
 Eskimo. In addition he could ''paddle his own 
 canoe " with the best of thera—a useful accomplish- 
 ment in a land where the bishop himself had been 
 clergyman, doctor, blacksmith, and schoolmaster. 
 
 But to return to the service. That over, there 
 was one for the Indians at 7 a.m., to which they 
 brought their own Bible and prayer-books, bought 
 with their own money. At 1.30 the Sunday school 
 began. At 3.30 the cathedral was again crowded. 
 
 ; ^ 
 
I20 
 
 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 Every person present was baptized, and every adult 
 had been confirmed. The collection was £20. So 
 ended the public services of a busy and a heart- 
 moving day. 
 
 At last the hour of parting came, and from his 
 2^1ace in the canoe, the bishop gave " a fatlierly 
 blessing " to the crowd gathered on the shore. His 
 daughter and her children went a day's journey with 
 the party, and a young grandson accompanied the 
 bishop as far as Canada. At night they encamped 
 by the river bank ; supper was cooked by a roaring 
 fire, and " a very solemn service closed the day." 
 
 The next day saw more farewells, and then the 
 journey began in earnest. 
 
 It was not without its perils, as the canoe was 
 poled or tracked up the river. At times they had to 
 land, and feel their way as best they could through 
 the pathless woods. Once they were face to face 
 with a sudden death. " "We had ascended a terrible 
 and long rapid, and had got by the easiest side of the 
 stream just opposite the foot of our longest portage, 
 ])ut between us nnd it ran the swollen and fiercely 
 
adult 
 ). So 
 lieart- 
 
 111 his 
 tlierly 
 His 
 y with 
 3(1 the 
 amped 
 
 ■oaring 
 
 m 
 
 the 
 
 e was 
 Ihad to 
 lirough 
 face 
 rrible 
 of the 
 rtage, 
 ereely 
 
 > 
 
 IX 
 
 a 
 w 
 
 O 
 
 »— ( 
 
 
 121 
 
A CRITICAL MOMENT 1.3 
 
 flowing river. We all grasped a paddle firmly, and, 
 bending with our full strength, daslied out into the' 
 stream ; we could get no farther, and were swept 
 down like lightning into the boiling rapid. The 
 sight was the most dangerous I liud ever witnessed ; 
 but the men were equal to the emergency. Turning 
 round in the canoe, the bow became the stern, and 
 we were kept clear of the rocks wliicli threatened 
 our destruction." 
 
 The voyage to Canada was made without mishap, 
 and soon the bishop was once more iu England. It 
 was not a time of idleness, or even of rest. There 
 was much yet to be done in making known tlie work, 
 and in pleading for the means to still further 
 extend it. At the Church Missionary Society anni- 
 versary of 1889 the bishop was a conspicuous figure. 
 He was warmly greeted, when, with other bishops, 
 he appeared on the platform at Kxeter Hall in thj 
 morning, and in the evening he took the chair. 
 
 Few who heard that speech will forget tl 
 who made it. He had 
 
 le veteran 
 
 come, he told the vast 
 
 audience, from the great Lone Land wl 
 
 lere lie had 
 
w^ 
 
 w 
 
 124 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 spent thirty-eight years of his life. He showed 
 them, in a graphic anecdote, the old condition of the 
 Indians there. Then, by way of contrast, he took 
 them back to that last Sunday in his diocese, already 
 described. In a few days the^ bishop said farewell 
 once more to liis friends in England. He had 
 turned his back upon the old scenes he was never to 
 look on asrain. 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 HOME AGAIN 
 
 Last Visits to Outlying Stations— An Eskimo Congregation— The 
 Disabilities of Old Age— Still an Active Bishop— A Sunday 
 at Whale River. 
 
 ISHOP HOPDEN travelled again by 
 way of Canada, and it was like Horden 
 that, upon the railway car in the 
 journey westward, he lectured every 
 day to the people. 
 
 He went first to the north-west of his diocese, 
 visiting Oxford House, and then going on to York 
 Factory. " A pleasant week's journey," he called it, 
 although few Europeans at his age v/ould find it so. 
 From York Factory he went on by boat to Churchill 
 
i, i„ 
 
 ¥■ -i 
 
 126 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 The weather was beautiful and bright every day, l)nt 
 the nights were very cold, and the sleeping out in 
 the open boat was, in the bishop's words," not always 
 comfortable ; but," he adds, " that mattered little, as 
 
 CREE CHURCH 
 
 AT 
 YORK FACTORY. 
 
 
 long as we were proceeding." In five days they 
 were sailing up the Great Churchill Piiver, and 
 landing at thr I'tmost limit of civilisation. The 
 place was fuT •' Ihe people were just as busy as 
 the myriads of inosqititoes, which in the short 
 
IG 
 
 DEATHS BY HUNGER „j 
 
 summer help to make life hard for man and beast. 
 After a few days he returned to York, and thence 
 went on by schooner to Moose. 
 
 It wa.s dark when Horden landed, after his last 
 absence, amongst his people ; but they were on the 
 beaeh in crowds to meet him. Here he was " really 
 at home" and "felt so overjoyed and so thankful." 
 From Moose he went on to Rupert's House. Hero 
 Christmas and the spring were spent. It was a time 
 of trial for the natives, for the harvest of geese very 
 largely failed them, and there was much suffering. 
 The goose harvest was always important. 
 
 " When," the bishop wrote, " would the first goose 
 be killed ? Who would be lucky enough to kin it ? 
 Geese stands were made at intervals of about half 
 a mile all down the river. Decoy geese were in 
 abundance, but the real geese were very shy. Xhey 
 rewarded the hunters" patience and skill but 
 moderately; but, in the poor times we were experi- 
 encing, every single goose was a prize, and often a 
 hunter sat in his stand two or three days without 
 securing one. Rupert's House is not noted for geese. 
 
i 
 
 /W" 
 
 III. 
 
 128 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 the marshes being very limited in extent ; and this 
 year the birds can find no food, in consequence of 
 the great depth of snow, and on certain spots hun- 
 dreds were found frozen, starved to death." 
 
 The results were often of the saddest. When the 
 
 bands of Indians came in 
 districts there were gaps 
 Eighteen had perished in 
 
 As summer came 
 out once more 
 travels, this 
 north. He 
 Main Eiver, 
 stered to a 
 Indians who 
 saw a clergy- 
 
 CHURCH AT FORT GEORGE. 
 
 from outlying 
 
 in their ranks. 
 
 one party. 
 
 the bishop set 
 upon his 
 time to the 
 visited East 
 and mini- 
 group of 
 very rarely 
 man. Then 
 
 he went on to Fort George, and then still farther north 
 to the Great Whale River. It was a wonderful proof 
 of the thorough way in which those desolate lands 
 had been evangelised that, as they journeyed along 
 the coast of the bay they came one morning upon a 
 body of Eskimo who were brethren. The bishop 
 
CHRISTMAS AT MOOSE ,.,, 
 
 wus aniongst them at once, and l.eanl then, all read 
 from their hooks. Only one of the lloclc, a wo.nan 
 was at all defieient. For her they n.ade apologies ; 
 «I.c had only just got her hooks; but they wore 
 toaehing her every day. Horde's l,eart had lone, 
 yearned o^-er the Eskin.o, and few things gave hin"^ 
 more joy than their earnest attention. 
 
 That Christmas was spent at Moose. The school 
 ch.Idren were well thought of, for the bishop 
 provided the neare.st possible approach to such a 
 " treat " as many enjoy at hon.e iu England. The tea 
 was there and cake too, and a Christmas tree filled. 
 
 The following snmmer proved a sickly one In- 
 fluenza again broke out, and at Ituperfs House the 
 bishop had once more to be doctor, nurse, and pastor 
 He himself fell il,, and regained his strength but 
 slowly. 
 
 August brought an important visitor toMoose Hor- 
 den had for some time felt that increasing years and 
 dechmng strength n.ade it desirable for him to place 
 the work in the hands of some younger n,an. In 
 tl.e I!ev. J. A. Xewnham-now Bishop of Moosonee 
 
w 
 
 
 130 /OI/2V HORDEN 
 
 — lie beluivofl tliat he had been directed to the right 
 person. He was happy in this thought, but deferred 
 his own return to En<'land in order that he niifdit 
 see his future successor instructed in the work, and 
 also that he might complete tlie translation of the 
 Bible into Cree. 
 
 Christmas was spent at Albany with Archdeacon 
 Vincent. It is a tiring journey. His first visit tliere 
 had been made just forty years before. " I was then," 
 he wrote, " young and active, and thought nothing of 
 hardship; I could sleep in the open, bivouac with 
 the cold bright sky overhead, with the thermometej- 
 40 degrees below zero." But those days were gone 
 for ever. "They tell me," he regretfully adds, "that, 
 for the future, winter travelling must not be indulged 
 in." And then he adds: "We must bow to the 
 inevitable ; we cannot always be young ; the halting 
 step and the grey head will come, and why should 
 we dread their approach, when we know that * if the 
 earthly house of our tabernacle be dissolved, we 
 have a building from God, a house not made with 
 hands, eternal in the heavens'?" 
 
 li 
 
J> 
 
 ilged 
 the 
 
 Itin 
 
 cr 
 
 lould 
 the 
 
 we 
 
 with 
 
 CREE TRANSLATION FINISHED 131 
 
 It was a cruel winter thousrli a mild one, for the 
 dreaded inthienza was again amongst tlie people. 
 
 In the following May, the bishop was able to 
 reach the last words of his translation of the l^ible 
 into Cree. He still hoped to give it complete and 
 most careful revision, and this was now never long 
 out of his thoughts. 
 
 ' Yet at this time he could still visit his distant 
 flocks. One of his last long journeys was to Whale 
 River. The account of his visit offers a striking 
 illustration of the change which the acceptance of 
 the gospel makes in the native life. He was eagerly 
 welcomed, and at once plunged into work. Here is 
 the list of the Sunday engagements : — 
 . The lirst service was at 6.30 in the morning ; that 
 was for the Indians. All were present, some being 
 men whom he had not seen for years. Service over, 
 there was breakfast. After breakfast, the first 
 business was a service for the Eskimo. Now they 
 were not reluctant. "You see before you," wrote 
 Horden, "a goodly number of clean, intelligent - 
 looking people, short and stout ; you see that they 
 
ri 
 
 1 3 2 JOHN J 10 R DEN 
 
 have l)()C»ks in tliuir liands, and nolicu that they 
 readily hud out tlie phices requii(!d ; they siiij^ very 
 nicely." TIhh is not l)y any moans the popular view 
 of the Eskimo, and the e.lian;^ui wliieh has brought 
 this about must be a very real one. 
 
 The Eskimo dismissed, it was time for dinner ; and 
 dinner over, a second Indian service was held. This 
 must have been rather a group of services than one 
 service, for the bishop married four couples and 
 baptized twelve children. In scattered communities 
 of this kind, people must bii ready for services of 
 such a nature just as the oi)portunity may occur. 
 But it is possible that these Indian brides were not 
 troubled by the necessity of preparing elaborate 
 trousseaux, so that merely a few hours' notice of 
 the ceremony would not occasion them any great 
 alarm. 
 
 These services over, the bishop had a little leisure 
 — time indeed for a short walk in the fresh air ; a 
 welcome release after breathing an atmosphere which, 
 in his own patient way, he merely describes as "a 
 little close." Alter the walk, tea ; not a very 
 
A BUSY DAY ,33 
 
 M,mptuo„s ropa.st for a bisl.op. hut wloonie euouf,!,. 
 Oil tlie table were tea, preserved ,„ilk-, s„r;,„. \„^^,y 
 and. instead of butter, marrow fat. 
 
 After tea came yet anotlier service, H,i« time in 
 Englisb. Those Kngb'sh services. tl,e mention of 
 wliici, so often occurs in llorden's letters, are a 
 "sefnl reminder of one side of missionary work too 
 rarely remembered. In tl,e desolate, sparsely-peopled 
 lands of the Hu.lson's Bay Territory, and in n,any 
 other parts of the world, there are English-speakiu.^ 
 people who owe their only opportunities of joining 
 in divine service to the missionaries. Perliaps only 
 those who have been for months at a time cut of!' 
 from all such advantages can understand the joy of 
 once more realising the pleasure of eonnnon worshi,,. 
 though no more than "two or three are gathered' 
 togetlier " in the name of Christ. 
 
 After the English service came "a little con- 
 versation," and then bed. At six the next morning 
 Horden was again at work, taking a iinal servici 
 before bidding good-bye to the people who.se faces 
 lie could never hope to see again. 
 
•'f t: 
 
 CHAPTEE XTI 
 
 CLOSING SCENES 
 
 I i 
 
 Translational Work — A Sudden Blow — "Ho has been Very, 
 Very Good " — Death — Memorials. 
 
 N the autumn of that year Horden was 
 busy upon his translations, when he 
 was struck down with rheumatism. 
 He described the attack thus, in a 
 
 letter to myself, dated from his " sick chamber," just 
 
 a week before his death : — 
 
 •ji ;' 
 
 1 r 
 
 " My translational work I divided into two por- 
 tions ; in the morning of almost every day I was 
 engaged on tlie revision of my Cree New Testament, 
 while ever^ afternoon my much valued Indian 
 
 134 
 
STRUCK DOWN 
 assistant sat with me ia ,ny study, when we carefully 
 examined all my last winter's translations from 
 Joshua to Esther. This is now all hut completed, 
 and will, r hope, be entirely so long before this letter 
 leaves Moose. 
 
 " I continued on my New Testan.ent work until 
 November 21. when my pen dropped from my hand, 
 and I have not since touched it. I had completed 
 the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark, and eleven 
 chapters of St. Luke. On the preceding day I had 
 felt perfectly well; I had preached at the Eu..Ii3h 
 service from Malachi iii. 14, 17. I had taken" my 
 large class at the Indian school, and hud then 
 preached at .he Indian service from Jeremiah 
 xxiii. 5. on a greater deliverance than Ihat from 
 Egypt. 
 
 " On Monday I arose quite well and strong before 
 it was light, and at a quarter past .seven ..at down to 
 write, beginning the twelfth chapter of St. Luke. I 
 worked on steadily lor a quarter of an hour, when T 
 received what .seeme.l to me a terrible blow on th-^ 
 lower part of n.y back. I thought it a stroke of 
 
136 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 rheumatism, anc) supposed its effects would })ass off 
 in the course of a few minutes, but in this I was 
 disappointed : blow succeeded blow, until 1 could 
 scarcely move. 
 
 " I sat up, however, until after prayers and break- 
 fast, when I was conducted to my bed-chamber, 
 and put to bed. Almost directly an automatic 
 torture-machine of the finest temper and of the 
 most exquisite sensitiveness established itself near 
 my left hip, and, at my every movement, set 
 to work with horrible intensity and regularity. 
 What I suffered it is impossible to describe, and, 
 even if I could describe it, it would not be under- 
 stood by those who have not passed through a 
 similar ordeal. • 
 
 " Rheumatism and mysdlf had been companions 
 for many years, as was to be expected from the 
 great exposure to wliich I have been subjected, 
 in my summer and winter journeys througli the 
 mighty diocese of Moosonee, witli the thermome- 
 ter varying from 100 degrees in the shade to 50 
 degrees below zero. I had suffered in back, legs, 
 
 . X 
 
PAIN AND PEACE ,„ 
 
 feet ; I l.ad been so bad occasionally that I couM not 
 walk clown over the stairs, and when assaulted by 
 my unpleasant companion out of doors 1 have been 
 often obliged to exercise n.y strongest force of will 
 to prevent myself from being thrown down in the 
 snowy road. - 
 
 "All t!,.s» things I did not mind much: I could 
 bear pain; and they did not interfere muteri- 
 ally with my work, and as long as that could go 
 on I was content. But it was a different thilg 
 now. With increased pain came inability to work" 
 and for a week I lay ahnost unfit for anything. I 
 .«3emed for a while to make progress towards re- 
 covery, and. three wo.l.-s after the attack, was able 
 to walk from my Led, com to my study with a little 
 assistance; then a ivlapso occurred, and I scarcely 
 have been out of bed since, and when I shall again 
 God alone knows. 
 
 "But He has been very, very good; He has 
 kept me in pe. ,.; He has kept me in fairly ^ood 
 bodi-y health, an! ..ndued me with as much cheer- 
 fulaoss as I ever had possessed. Our young medical 
 
lih 
 
 
 :i' 
 
 ill 
 
 138 JOHN HORDEN 
 
 man has been indefatigable in his efforts for my 
 recovery ; he has rubbed and kneaded me ; he has 
 mustard-plastered and blistered me, until the whole 
 of my left leg bears testimony to the constnncy of 
 his attentions. I was to have gone to Winnipeg 
 in the coming summer, and then to i' \e returned 
 finally to England after my long service. .. present 
 I see no probability of my being able to take that 
 journey, as, before arriving at the railroad, there is 
 more than a fortnight's hard work up one large 
 river, which is impeded by many rapids and falls, 
 necessitating frequent porteraging, which is utterly 
 beyond my present powers. I suppose I shall be 
 obliged to return home by the annual ship, but I 
 dread this much, as there is no accommodation on 
 board, and especially for one in my condition. I 
 know that every effort will be made, were I obliged 
 to return home this way, to make me as comfortable 
 as circumstances permit for I meet with nothing but 
 the greatest kindness from everyone connected with 
 the Hudson's Bay Company. I need not trouble 
 myself much about this; I can trust all to tlie hand 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 ■a 
 
V 
 
 TffE END ,3^ 
 
 of God; He will provide that whicl, He deems 
 sufficient for my case." 
 
 Tliis letter was never finished. The following 
 postscript was appended by Mrs. Broughton :- 
 
 Jan. 24a -"Since the above was written, my 
 dear father, the Bishop of Moosonee, has passed 
 away; he died quite unexpectedly on the mornin-. 
 of January 12th. C. S. BnouGHTON." " 
 
 In a subsequent letter, Mr., now Bishop, Newnham 
 described the bishop's end. Early i„ January he 
 had felt better, but in the second week of the 
 month signs of weakness began to show themselves, 
 and the doctor grew anxious. On the ni«ht of 
 January 11th, all save the doctor went to bed 
 hoping to find the patient better in the mornin..' 
 The doctor sat i,p till o., a.m., and returned at five 
 By eight o'clock the bishop was so weak that his 
 daughter and son-in-law were called into the room- 
 but ahuost before they reached him he had passed 
 away, from failure of the heart's action. 
 
5 
 
 
 140 yOIfJV HORDEN 
 
 As he lay in liis coffin, the people, young and 
 old, came to take one last look at him that had 
 dwelt in the place for forty years. The final 
 scene of all is thus described by a young Indian, 
 whom the bishop had for some years been teacliing : — 
 
 
 \ 
 
 m 
 m 
 
 " Sahtrday, Jan. 21st, — We had the funeral. The 
 coffin was closed in the presence of tour clergy. It 
 was a lovely afternoon, almost sprj.ar-li\e, when 
 the beautiful Burial Service was read, and the first 
 Bishop of Moosonee's body was committed to the 
 grave before his bereaved people. The whole adult 
 population went to the church and to the grave. 
 There he wa? laid amongst his dock, as he had said 
 he wished to be. While still lying in the church, 
 young and old came to take the last farewell of the 
 face they loved so well, and who went in and out 
 of their homes, over forty years, as a missionary, 
 pastor, friend, and bishop." 
 
 
 Horden's grave is beside that of a daughter and 
 a grandson. 
 
 m 
 
 
lad 
 Qal 
 an, 
 
 he 
 
 It 
 
 
 m 
 
 ' 
 
 St 
 
 
 le 
 
 
 It 
 
 
 e. 
 
 
 d 
 
 . 
 
 e 
 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 -'FAITHFUL UNTO DEATW^ ,41 
 
 So ended a work of forty-tuo years in a land 
 
 of many hardsliips, yet also of many triumphs. 
 
 Horden's successor found the diocese fully organised 
 
 -one native clergyman, and twenty-six native lay 
 
 teachers at work, and nearly 3600 baptized native 
 
 Christians; the Bible in tlie hands of the peopb, 
 
 and other literature also. And the work, under 
 
 God, was mainly Horden's. 
 
 In the Cathedral of Exeter, tlie town of Horden's 
 birth, a monument has been raised to the memory of 
 their townsman. Another is found in the wall 
 of the school under whose roof he first resolved to 
 be a missionary. A simple statement of the main 
 facts of his life is there followed by this short text, 
 which aptly describes his career— 
 
 THE END. 
 
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