,.'^„..

IMAGE EVALUATrON
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

2.5

■^ 1^ 1 2.2

Hf I4£ 12.0

1.8

1.25 1.4

III ''^

6" -

►

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductionc / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Technical and Bibliographic Notat/Notas tachniquaa at bibllographlquaa

Tha institute has attempted to obtain the best
originai copy avaiiabie for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.

IZl

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

I I Covers damaged/

Couverture endommagte

Covers restored and/cr laminated/
Couverture restaurte et/ou pellicul6e

Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

Coloured maps/

Cartes g^ographiques en couleur

Coloured inic (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encfe de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/

Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material/
Relii avec d'autres documents

r~^ Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion

along interior margin/

La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la

distortion le long de la marge int^rieure

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout6es
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
male, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6t6 filmtes.

Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppldmentaires:

L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 6tA possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage
sont indiquAs ci-dessous.

HALF TITLE PAGE TO VOL. 1 BOUND IN AT END.

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est f limA au taux de reduction indiquil ci-dessous.

10X 14X 18X 22X

Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur

Pages damaged/
Pages endommagies

Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaurtes et/ou pellicul^es

Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pages dicoiortes, tachet^es ou piqudes

Pages detached/
Pages d6tach6es

Showthrough/
Transparence

Quality of print varies/
Qualit^ in6gale de ('impression

Includes supplementary material/
Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire

Only edition available/
Seule Mition dlsponibie

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6t6 filmtes d nouveau de fa^on d
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

26X

SOX

12X

16X

20X

24X

28X

32X

laira
B details
luaa du
It modifiar
igar una
a filmage

udaa

lira

by arrata
lad to

ant

una palura,

'agon d

Tha copy filmad hara hat baan raproducad thanks
to tha o«narosity of:

ThomM Fiihar Rara Book Library,
Univanity of Toronto Library

Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality
posaible considaring tha condition and iagibiiity
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract •pacifications.

Original copiaa in printad papar covars ara filmad
baginning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras-
sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. Ail
othar original copias ara filmad baginning on tha
first paga with a printad or illustratad impras-
sion, and anding on tha last paga with a printad
or illustratad imprassion.

Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha
shall contain tha symbol ^^- (moaning "CON-
TINUED"), or tha symbol y (moaning "END"),
whichavar appiias.

IMaps, plates, charts, ate, may ba filmad at
diffarant reduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba
antiraly included in one exposure ara filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

L'exemplfiirc fllmi fut reproduit grAce h la
gAnArositA de:

Thomai Fiihar Rare Book Library,
Univartity of Toronto Library

Les images suivantes ont hxh reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettetA de I'exempiaire film*, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprim6e sont fMmAs en commenpant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
darniire page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iliustration, soit par le second
plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont filmAs en commenpant par la
premiAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iliustration et en terminant par
la darniire page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
darniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbols V signifie "FIN".

Les csrtes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre
film68 A des taux de reduction diff6rents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre
reproduit en un soul cliche, il est fiimi A partir
da I'angia supdrieur gauche, de gauche h droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images ntcessaira. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mithode.

bO- :*; ;

V 2

%: 3

"^ 1^

32X

J'lihliskt/i a/Ymi/na ti>.4ct of Vttrliamftit no'^ O,! ijfy.hy ^

na tifJct of VdHiam^nt soi^ Ot! ijfyh 4Uar4mJ47' fKt/nytrffr / -,

*"-' ."itn*^ *>.«^

■ i

ll \

■ ' > '

■'■■ \

A N

HISTORICAL COLLECTION

OF THE SEVERAL

VOYAGES AND DISCOVERIES

I N T H E

SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN.

VOL. I.

Being chiefly a Literal Translation from the Spanish Writers.

By ALEXANDER DALRYMPLE, Es(^

.1 V

LONDON,
Printed for the A U T H b R j

And Sold by J. Nou rse, Bookfeller in Ordinary to His Majesty" j
T.Pavne, at the Mews-gate j and P. Elmsley, oppofiie Southampton- ftreet, Strand.

IklDCCLXX.

1 -V-»i,

,, '*

..f

Not— to Him— who

Difcovcred fcarcely any thing

But

PATAGONIANS.

Not — to Him— who
From 20° South Latitude,
Thinking it impojfible to go
On DISCOVERY,
Into 30° South.
Determined to come— HOME— round the Worldi
Into 50"— North.
Nor— to Him — who
Infatuated with Female Blandifhments,
Forgot for what he went abroad
And
Haften'd back to amufe
The European World
With ftories of Enchantments
In the
N E W-C Y T H E R E A;.

But

To— The Man— who

Emuhm of MAGALHANES,.

And

The Heroes of former Times,

TJndeterrdhy Difficulties,

And

Vnfeducd byPLEASURE,

Shall perjiji through ewry Obilacle,.

And

Not by Chance,

But

By Virtue and Good-Conduct

^uc-

) —

iiiiLWcJ in cJlabUjl.ing an Intercourfe ivlth

S () U T II E R N CONTINENT,

THIS HISTORICAL COLLECTION

or FORMER DISCOVERIES

THE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN.

IS PRESENTED

ALEXANDER DALRYMPLE.

Jan. I, 1770-

*.>■

».*'+,,-,

■ ♦

If \ *'"*

^■..

5f '

*.-

. '

/; ^/tA^//^^Y^'^" ;^^V^^^ '

PREFACE.

ABOVE two years ago I printed a few copies of a
tra^l on The Dijlovcries made in the S(^uth Facifc Ocean ;
which, however, I did not piibiyij till lately, when it was
reported rhat the French had difcovcred the cmiinnit.

My plan originally was to publifli tlic work in two
parts :

Tart I. An Hiftorical Colle(5lion of the fcveral Voyages to
the South Pacific Ocean, in a chronological Icries.

Part II. SecT:. i . Geographical Defer ipt ion of the places
hitherto difcovcred between America and Papua, on the
foinh of the equator, comprehending,

1. Defcription of the country and anchorage.

2. Complexion, drefs, and manners of the Indians.
Signs of friendlhip amongft them.
Habitations.
Embarkations.

6. Arms.

7. Manufadures, arts, and commerce.

8. Provifions and refrefhments.

Se(5l. 2. Examination into the conducH: of the difcovercrs
in the trails they purfued.

And having thus recapitulated every thing that had
been done —

Sci5l. 3. Inveftigation of what may be iTixihQv expected in
this quarter from the analogy of nature, as well as from the
dedndiion of paji difavcries.

• SciH:. 4.

3-
4-
S

PREFACE.

SccT:. 4. To point out the mod eligible mcafurcs for fiic^
ccc<ling on Aicli an uudcriaking, as well in the dilcovery,
as intcrcouric ; at the fame lime examining the condud:
of pad diftovcrcro to the natives, at the fevcral places they
vifiied.

Scift. i*, and /j/?/y, It was propofed to examine into tlue
equipment proper for this fervicc, and into the condutT:
adapted to the nature of difcovery voyages.

Motives, which it is unneccflary to lay before thepub-
lic, induced me to print the tra*5l ii\jovc mentioned, in a
very impel feet ftatc; it is not only deficient in the arrange-
ment, but as every thing not immediately relative to a
Southern Continent was omitted, nothing is inferted
to the weflward of the interfet^ion of Schouten's track
by that of Tasman. The firll fedion, therefore, was
very much curtailed ; and as I found the opinions of other
men very diflcr^nt from mine, on the two laft heads, I
thought it would have too much appearance of prefump-
tion to lay down rules for any condu(51: but my own.

I intended that this colletflion fliould contain the fol-
lowing plates :

J. Map of the World, on a new projedlion j thei
fcale 20*^ to an inch. ' (about) J

2. Chart of the South Pacific Ocean.

3. Chart of New-Zeland, the Iflands of 7

Amsterdam, G?r. from Valentyn,!

4. Views of New-Zeland, Ditto.

5. Murderer's bay, Tasman's road, and ?

inhabitants of New-Zealnd, - Ditto, j

/. s. d.
2 12 6

o
6
o
o

'730
6. View

Brought over — —

6. View of Three Kings ifland, from Valentyn.

7. Views of Pylstaart, Miooleburc, 1

and Amsterdam iflands Ditto. 1

Amsterdam, and natives, Ditto.

Rotterdam, and natives. Ditto.

Cocos, and Traitor's iflands, from Schouten.

1 1. Bark of the Indians, LeMaire, and Ditto, (eftimated)

12. HouNE iHand, - - Ditto.

13. Inhabitants of Horne illand, - Ditto.

14. Onthono Java, from Valentyn.
I have added a copy of Dampier's chart of New-

GUINE

it to ex

/. X.

»7 3
3 3

^ 8.
V 9.

MO.

Ided a copy of Dampier's chart of New--j
!A, and New-Britain, and my alterations of [
cplain the EiTay on the SALdMON iflands. J

4
6

3
3
5

5
3
3
5

I 16

55 H

Of thefe plates, all but the 1 2 th are already engraved.

The map of the world is on a new projedlion. The ob-
jefts of general maps are " to defcribe the feveral countries
«• of the world, in their true Jituations^ comparative magnitude,
** und natural figure'* The impoflibility of dcfcribing the
furface of ^fpbere on a plain, has induced the ingenious to
many proje(5tions of the fphere in piano, fcientifically,
though not apparently true : approximations to truth have
been devifed, which defcribe fmall portions of the fur-
face of the fphere, very accurately on a plane, but every
attempt hitherto to defcribe the whole ghbe has greatly failed
in one or more of the objeds eflentially requiiitc in geo-
graphy.

Speculative geography requires alfo a comparative view
of the land in the north SLndfouih hemifphcres.

In the inveftigation of the relative quantity of land and
water on the furface of the globe in different latitudes, it

was

*,v

P E E F A C E.

was found tlic quantity of land within fhe tropics in north
and foutb latitude was nearly equal ; hence it occurred to
me, that not only the geographical, but even the pbi/ofo-
phlcal defcription might be had nearly true, by a new pro-
jection of the globe, in which at once the comparative
quantity of land in the two hemifpheres fliould appear ;
at the fame time that all the known countries fliould
maintain their reciprocal fltuations, iize, and figure.

This was by defcribing the globe in three parts inftead
of two, as had been hitherto attempted. As the polar pro-
je(5lipn is for all geographical purpofes fufficiently true,
from the pole to 30 deg. of latitude, two circles contain,
on a polar projeftion, the parts of the north and fouth he-
mifpheres from the poles to 30 deg. And as the plain chart
is alfo near enough the truth from the equator to 30 deg.
the tropical regions extending from the equinodlial to
30 deg. on each fide of the line, are defcribed on a flip,
the length whereof is equal to the circumference of the
polar part.

The Hiftorical Colle<?lion is almoft entirely a literal tranf-
lation, which was preferred to a more poliflied fl:ile, left
any deviation from the expreflion of the original fliould
introduce ambiguity, or render the authenticity fufpedled.
Where the meaning appeared doubtful, or not emphati-
cally exprefled, the original paflage is generally inferted at
the bottom of the page.

This plan of giving a literal tranflation, was, at kaji,
as difagreeable to me in writing, as it will be to the reader
in his perufal : I am not infenfible that the undrefs and
uncouth found of a literal tranflation is enough to frighten
all readers except the very few who take up a book merely
for information i but it was to thefe /(?w I have devoted my

labours -,

labours: to have made a hijlory of the Southern Difco'
veriest would not have been fufficient j at the fame time
the narratives are not circumftantial enough for a work
of compofition j perhaps, indeed no fingle voyage can
give authentic memorials for fuch a work, without fill-
ing up by a web of conjeiSture what is wanting in the
original.

By a free translation opinions and dedudions might •
have been formed without foundation in the original.
There is no room for a reproach of failure in not effeBing what
is not attempted. This is not meant as a -work of elocu-
tion, or literary compofition, but a colle(5lion of inftruft-
ing fa(5ls : although I am convinced an endeavour to have
modelled this work as much as was confident with the
view of preferving the expreffion of the original, would
have failed in fatisfying the reader of nice ears : the at-
tempt muft have employed much more time than I can be-
flow on a fubjedt in which I cannot be perfonally engaged,
as I was not bred up in the royal navy j and if I ever am a
competitor for literary fame, I fhall take up the pen on a
topic more generally engaging: though in fuch an age as
this, there cannot fail of being fomef to whom informa-
tion, in any drefSf will be acceptable. I am not an author
by profejiojif and neither write for my daily bread, nor from
lucrative views, but from the defire, which every man ought
to feel, of being ufeful to fociety, and to let the public
Ihare in his labours and refearches.

I have been induced to publifh the Spanifli voyages be-
fore the voyages made by the Dutch, although thefe
voyages are ready for the prefs ; becaufc I fliall be glad
to obtain fome further elucidation on this interelling fub-

a 2 jed i

,!i PREFACE.

jeA J and I thought no viray fo well adapted to cffeft this
purpofe, as publilhing the Spanifli voyages, and a lift of
the writers in different languages, whom I have not been
able to procure.

At the fame time to publifli the Spanifli voyages as a
firft part, would be attended with this very great incon^
venience, that if any perfons who purchafe the /ir/?, do
not take thtfecondt the broken copies of the fecond part
would be ufelefs ; I have, therefore, thought it reafon-
able to require, that ihofe perfons who purchafe this pub-
lication fliall fubfcrtbe for the whole. But this makes it ne-
ceffary for the public to know what more they are to ex-
ped: for their money : I mean, therefore, only to print the
voyages of Sghouten and Le Maire, of Tasman and
of RoGGEWEiN. The relation of Tasman's voyage in
Valentyn is much more circumftantial than any other I
have feen ; I cannot find it has ever been tranflated from
the Dutch, either into French or Englifli ; it is neceflary
to mention that I do not underftand Dutch, but the tranf-
lation was examined by a gentleman who was fo obliging
to tranflate the Dutch relation of Roggewein's voyage,
every word of which I was afterwards at the trouble to
examine by the Diftionai^ . And the tranflation of Tas-
man's voyage was afterwards examined by a gentleman*
who is complete mafter of the Dutch language.

I QxiW not at prefcnt publifli \\\q fecond part, containing
the Geographical Defcription, ^c. This muft be much
enlarged, when the voyages lately made by the Englifli
and French are communicated to, the world; I fhall wait
till then before I go any farther than the Hiflorical Colleclior,
So that tlic purchafers of this tract are to exped only the
I voyages

-~J:^~:^

1 :k,

PREFACE.

voyages of Schouten and Le Maire, of Tasman and
of RoGGEWEiN.— Thefe voyages will, I conjeiflure, be at
Icaft as much as what is now publiihed.

I have prefixed to this Hiftorical CollecSlion fome papers,
which appeared to me not foreign to the fubjed j and fome
of them indeed abfolutely requifite to make the work in-
telligible.

Thefe papers are,

1. Data, on which the chart of the South Pacific
Ocean was conftru<5ted.

The Jituations are fuch, as, from a full difcufllon of all
circumftances mentioned in the original relations, ap-
pear to be the moft probable ; but no agronomical obferva-
tions of longitude having hitherto been made, to determine
the pofition of any of ihefe places, or even to regulate
the wejiem limit, it is far from being imagined that their
fituations attain a minute precifion : I thought it more eli-
gible that the reafons for the determination of fituations
fliould be given apart, than to interrupt the thread of nar-
ration by a difcullion of this kind. They who are felicitous
to enter into a critical examination of the chart muft,
therefore, recur to this paper. One error it is necefTary
for me to point out : iince the chart was engraved, I find
FiGUEROA» (Vide p. 76 and 87) fays the bay of Gratiosa,
on the ifland of Sta Cruz, was at the wejiern part of that
illand, which I had fuppofed was near the eajierut as they
were failing from the eaji to the ar/?, when they difcovered
the ifland. This is indeed a matter of no confequence, for
the chart is not meant to reprefent the particular forms,
but only the general Jituation of the lands therein con-
tained.

2. An

xui

XIV

2. An Eflay on the Salomon iflands j this is a very dry
difquifuion, which, perhaps, few men will have patience
to confider with the attention neceflary to make it intelli-
gible ; however, future difcoveries may Ihew, that New-
Britain is not one, but many iflands; and then every
body will fee, that the old maps, which fo defcribed them,
were not merely conje*5tural. -,

3. A lift of authors confulted in this work, as well as
of feme whofc publications or relations I have not been
able to obtain.

The public have lately been prefented with a work pro-
feffedly on this fubjedl : The Hift. des Navigations aux I'erres
Jujirahs. This work muft ever be held in great efteem,
by men folicitous after real knowledge, as there is no
where to be found fo curious an aifemblage of inftruifling
materials on this important fubjed, and very few works
of any kind, where there is fo exadl an arrangement of
matter : having faid thus much, I muft, at the fame time,
be allowed to explain myfelf, that my opinion differs, in
many points, from the ingenious author of that work.

Men who never go beyond the furface of opinions, and
who by the acquifition of knowledge have no other point in
view, than for (bmething to parade upon, may fay, what
occafion is there for any thing more on this fubjeft, as
there is already a tranflation of the Hiji. des Navigations aux
Term Aujirales, under the title of Terra Aujlraiis Cognita ?

As my motives for publilhing this Work, are merely to
perform what I think is due to fociety, I Ihould deem it
indifpenfible in me not to intrude on the publick a Work
which appeared ufelefs j but as the ingenious author of
the Hifl. des Navigations aux Terres AuJiraUs has ftrongly en-
couraged

R E

couraged me to publifli this CoUedlion, by declaring his
opinion, that it will be very lifeful j I (hall not be deterred
from the undertaking by the fentiments of men, who,
from want of requifite knowledge, are incapable of judg-
ing. M. DE Brosses profejjedly gives only an abridgment
of the feveral voyages, whereas mine is a full tranflation ;
and, therefore, the two Works are entirely diftiniJt in their
nature. I confine myfelf to the difcoveries made between
South America and Papua : his plan comprehends all the
countries little frequented in the fouthern hemifphere.

M. DE Brosses has, in his table of -voyagest made a very
judicious arrangement under the three heads of Magel-
LANiCA, Austral-Asia, and Polynesia j by this means
we fee at once the fituation, as well as time of the feveral
difcoveries : his tranilator has only given, in his table of con-
tentSj a general lift of the voyages, without diftinguifhing
into what quarter they were made j although the diffe-
rent heads have often no affinity.

As M. DE Brosses' table is a very valuable compendium
of chronological difcoveries to the fouth, I have taken the
liberty to infert it, with the authors he refers to j I have
added fuch voyages as he has omitted, and the authorities
which have efcaped his refearch : diftinguifhing them by
an afterifli *. I have inferted another head of partition,
Australia, comprehending the difcoveries at a diftance
from America to the eaftward.

I have added two papers of my own } one of them has
been already publifhed in the Philofophical Tranfa(Stions ;
and from thence in fome of the periodical collecflions ;
but as it will explain the nature of many iflands mention-
ed in this Colle<n:ion, I thought it was not improper to
infert it here.

ivi

The other is an account of the pearl fifhery, and fomc
natural curiofities at Sooloo; ^hat is faid of the pearl-
fifliery may be of ufe in explaining part of Quiros's Me-
morial ; but my chief motive for printing thefe remarks
was, that they might be preferved-, the lail paper did not
appear to me fufficiently correA for the Philofophical
Tranfadtions, at the fame time, if it was to be printed, I
did not chufe to let it be altered to other mens ideas or
opinions : errors may lead to trutb, but when all mens wo-
iions are ground in one mill, they ferve no purpofe of inveili-
gation or difcovery.

July I, 1769,

ALEXANDER DALRYMPLE.

INTRODUCTION.

WHOEVER confiders the progrefs of fcience and of
commerce, within a few centuries, muft confefs
that mankind are much indebted to ihofe heroes who went
in queft of New Lands. By an intercourfe with diftant coun-
tries, and the view of man under all the variety of circum-
ilance and climate, if the intellectual endowments of the
human fpecies have not been extended, their common rights,
at leaft, have been almoft every where promoted, and efla-
liihed in fome countries, in which, before this acra, the
people were mere flaves to an ignorant race of nobles.

It cannot indeed be fuppofed the firft adventurers had
thefe objedls in 'view, but, ftimulated by a fpirit of enter-
prize, they became, in the hand of Providence, the inftru-
mcnts for efFedting purpofes fo defirable. The charaders,
however, of thefe men are not meant here to be depreci-
ated. They muft ever remain in the Jirfi rank of heroes.

True heroifm is not the mere contempt of life, or plea-
fure; there is required to conftitute this chara<5ler, a/»M-
mity of conception^ fupporied by dauntkfs and perfeverant refo-
lution ; whence the foul, pofTefled with the poj/ibility of
efFedling, what it alone had energy to conceive, difregards the
obftacles which little minds would think inJurmoiuitaL'e, and,
though not infenfible to difficulties and dangers, acquires a
confidence fuperior to them.

This queftion will determine the relative dignity of any
charaifter, *' What has he done which no one clfe ever did

h " before

XV 111

INTRODUCTION.

*' before, or can Ja after him?" In this view nothing can
equal the atchievements of Columbus and Magalhanes!
Tlie one, full of the fublimc idea of circumnavigating the
globe, made the attempt, but was flopped — by a New World'.
The other, catching the infpiration, eflfe(5led it !

Although that Genoese who, in the fervice of
Spain, attempted, and that Portuguese who, in the fame
fervice, eifedted, the circumnavigation of the globe, have pre-
cluded all competition of honour in the line of Geographical
Difcovery ; much is //// within the power of men, wha
may be rather emulous of the glorious fpirit of that age, than
devoted to the mercenary, or indolent difpofition of tbeprefenti
and who may be folicitous to commemorate their names to
poflerity, amongft thc/<?w whom hiftory fhaU preferve from
the general mafs of oblivious infignificancy.

However, even in that age of enterprize, the proffers of
Columbus and Magalhanes were undervalued at home;
and, although they were heard with more attention abroad,
perhaps America would have remained Hill undifcovered,
had not Queen Isabella, with unequalled public virtue, pledged
her own jewels to equip Columbus.

In the dedication of a book, containing the Hiftory of
the Conqueft of Mexico, tranflated by Thomas Nichols, in
1578, from the Spanifti, the tranllator mentions to that
great ftatefman, and patron of difcovery. Sir Francis
Walsingham, a very curious anecdote, which happened
to him not long before; this llory conveys foftriking an ex-
ample of the heroic difpofition which gave fuccefs to the
Spanifh nation in their Indian atchievements, that it cannot
fail of being acceptable to the public.

«* Not

INTRODUCTION.

XIX

" Not long fince I happened to travel from the famous

" city of Toledo in Spain, toward high Castile, and by

«< fortune overtook an ancient gentleman, worfhipfuUy ac-

*« companied, unto whom I was fo bold as to approach, be-

« feeching his worlhip to advertifc me of his journey : who

" (after he had beheld my white head and beardj anfwered

«* full gently, that his intent was to travel unto the King of

•* Spain's court, and welcomed me into his company. In

" fhort fpace that we had journeyed together, and cdm-

" muned of each other his country, it pleafed him to fay as

" foUoweth : My good friend, if you knew my fute unto

«* the King's Majefty, you would judge that I were a mad-

«* man, and, therefore, to (horten our way, I will declare

«« my attempted fute unto you. You fliall underftand, that

«< I am a gentleman of feventy years of age, and fometimes

«* I ferved in the civil wars of Peru, where I was wounded

« in divers parts of my body, and am now thereby lame in

« one of my legs and fhoulder. I have neither wife nor

'( child, and at this prefent, (God be praifed) I have in

« the Contratation-Houfe, in the city of Seville, in gold
<< and plate, the fum of 30,000 ducats : and I have alfo in

" Peru, in good lands and pofleflions, the yearly rent of

«* 12,000 ducats, which rents, and ready money is fuffici-

« ent to maintain a poor gentleman. But all this notwith-

" (landing, I do now fue unto the King's Majefty, to have

" a licence and authority to difcover and conquer a certain

« part of India, which adjoineth with Brazil, and is part

" of the empire of Peru. I pray you now declare what you

«« think of my fute. By my troth, Sir, (quoth I) I truft

'* your worfliip will pardon a rafh and fudden judgment,

" which you now demand at my hand : yea truly (quoth he)

b 2 " fay

((,

((

((
It

li
I;
ll
li
it

INTRODUCTION.

fay what you lift. Then (quoth I) my opinion is, that
you arc not well in your wit, for what would you havel
will not reafon fuflice you ? or clfe would you now, in
your old days, be an emperor, confidering that your fe-
pulchrc attendeih for you. Now truly I thank you
(quoth he) for of your judgment are mod men; but I fay
unto you, confidering that all fleffi muft finifli, I feek for no
quiet reft in this tranfitory life: yea the wife and chriflian
dodlors do teach and admonifli, that every true chriftian
is born, not for his own private wealth and pleafure, but
rather to help and fuccour others his poor bretren. Like-
wife do I confider the great number of gentlemen younger
brethren, and other valiant perfons, who, through want
of living, do fall into many diforders. Wherefore, to
accomplilh my duty toward God and my Prince, and to
relieve fuch poor gentlemen, do I now attempt this
journey, with the adventure of my body and goods, and
for that purpofe I have in readinefs four tall Ihips, well
furniflied, in the port of St. Lucar de Barrameda,
hoping afluredly, that before the life depart out of my
body, to hear thefe valiant young gentlemen (whom now
I mean to have in my company) fay. Oh happy day,
when old Zarate ,for fo is my name) brought us from
penury, yea, and from a number of perils that we were
like to fall into. I hope alfo, that the royal eftatc of my
Prince fliall be by my pains and poor fervice enlarged :
believe you me, this is the only fumptuous tomb that I pre-
tend to build for my poor carcafe. But yet I know there
are feme, unto whom I may compare the boar that lieth
wallowing in the ftie, who will not let to fay, what need
we any other world, honour, or kingdoms ? let us be

" contented

INTROT^UCTION.

XXI

((

" contented with that we have : who may cafily be an-
fwered, Sir Glutton, your paunch is full, and httle
care you for the glory of God, honour of your prince,
neither the need and neceflity of your poor neighbours.
With this conclufion the Gentleman ended his (ale."
The ignorant and the fluggilh are little different in any
age i it has been alledged as an objedtion to New Dlfcoveries
that /j&/i kingdom has already t-.o much : perhaps the in-
duUrious manufacturer may not agree to this alTertion, but
think, with good reafon, that there can be no obje(5l more
interefting to a maritime and commercial ftate, than difco-
very of New Lands^ to invigorate the hand of induftry by
opening new vents for manufaftures, and by a New Trade
to encreafe the a(5live wealth and naval power of he
country.

By a good helmfman the Royal Geogrb is as eafily
guided as a cock-boat ; but an infufficient perfon will
afcribe to the magnitude of the Ihip, that difficulty of fleer-
ing which arifes from his own incapacity. The cffi^-e of mi-
nifter conveys power and dignity^ but it does not beftow
public virtue and abilities j the man endowed with tbefe may be
wanting in the etiquette of a palace, and it is very rare that
a prince, whom fate has not thrown perfonally into the
fcene of active life, acquires one of thofe phoenomena in
courts, who by ftudy and obfervation are enabled to dired:
the great machine, to the contentment of the people, the
dignity of the crown, and the glory of the flate.

The fame motive which carried Columbus and Magal-
HANKS into foreign countries, in fome meafure, induces the
Author of the following flieets to publifli them to the world.

General

xxu

INTRODUCTION.

General geography and difcoverics have almoft from in-
fancy been the fond objedt of his attention. And ahhough
lie went to the East Indies in the fervice of the Company,
at an early age, neither the circumllances of life in which
lie was placed, the difpofition of his companions, nor the
want of books, could over-rule the natural propenfity of his
mind.

Every young man enters life with a paflion to emulate
thofe characters which have gained his admiration. In moH
men the rubs of life foon blunt this paflion -, in fomc it
prevails over all difficulties.

The Author looking up to Columbus, to Magalhanes,
and ihofc immortal heroes who have difplayed new worlds
to our view, and extended the European name and influence
amongfl diflant nations, was inflamed with the ambition to
do fometbing to promote the general benefit of mankind, at
the fame time that it fliould conduce to the glory and inte-
reft of his country.

The firft and moil ftriking objedl of refearch was, The
difcovery of a SOUTHERN CONTINENT. But, from want of
lights to follow, though the defire was early fixed in his
bread, other objefts intervened, and many years paflfed with-
out any determined purfuit towards that quarter.

The defire of information having led him to examine the
old records at Madrafs, he foon found from them, that
the Company, in ancient times, placed a great value on the
commerce to the Eaflern Iflands, and were very folicitous to
regain a portion of it, after they were deprived thereof by
the intrigues of the Dutch, and the pufilanimity of our own
court. From an examination of the Company's records,
and from the printed accounts of our early voyages, he was

2 Jed

INTRODUCTION.

led to the perruafion^ that this valuable branch of commerce
might not only be regained, but extended much beyond what
it ever was. Fully convinced of the great importance of this
obje(ft, the Author, in the beginning of 1759, declined a
dillinguiflied employment at Fort St. George (that of Se-
cretary), and had the direction of a fmall veflel of the Com-
pany's, intended for the fervice he had propofed. From that
time, till the end of 1 7 ^4. he made feveral voyages in diffe-
rent veflels to the Eaftern parts, through feaa unknown,
and amongd people with whom we had before no inter-
courfe.

However warmly this obje<St may have been purfued, the
Author never loft fight of the great paflion of his life. Above
eight years ago he made a collecflion of the voyages into the
South-Sea, of which he could find any intimation in theEnglifli
books to be met with in India. This colle(5tion was indeed
imperfect ; but an active mind, long employed on any fub-
jedt, will acquire ideas from very faint lines. His peregri-
nations were of ufe to him even in this purfuit ; for his at-
tention being awake, in the refearch fo natural to that curi-
ofity, he acquired, amongft the Spaniards, fome very valu-
able papers, and intimations from Spanifli writers, many of
whofe works he alfo procured.

On the Author's return to Europe, he was induced to
forego every wifli towards objeAs, perhaps, more lucrative,
though lefs magnanimous, and was folicitous to be engaged
on difcovery in the SouthSea. For which kind of under-
taking he prefumed to think himfelf, in fome meafure,
qualified from five years experience in fuch like voyages,
and from long attention to the fubje(5t.

t • t

xxni

However-

XXIV

INTRODUCTION.

However, to recommend himfelf to this employment, fo
much wiftied for, and confcious, previous to any new undertakings
how neceflary it was to know what had been done in former
times, left on the return from a tedious and expenfive voyage,
he fliould betray his own ignorance, by havingow/y trodden in the
fteps of fome difioverer ; he determined to make an hiftorical
colledion of all the difcoveries in the South-Sea ; as well from
the circumftances he could find in old printed books, as from
thofe to be met with only in the Spanilh papers he had ac-
quired. Very fortunately, after his return to England, he
obtained a curious colledion of Spanifh memorials : thefe
greatly elucidate the printed relations, which, without this
aillflance, muft have remained unintelligible. Having
tranilated the feveral relations he could procure, and reduced
them to a chronological order, the Author, from thefe ma-
terials, drew up a fummary defcription of the places hitherto
difcovered in the South-Sea.

The Southern Continent having been feen on the Weft-fide, by
Tasman, in 1642, and on the eaft by Juan Fernandes
above half a century before, and by others after him, in
diiFerent latitudes from 64 deg. to 40 deg. S. it is im-
poffible for any one at this time to difcover it. But the coun-
tries intermediate, eqiuil in extent to all the civilifed part 0/ AsfA,
from Turkey to China inchtjive, ftill remain unexplored.
And although the land has been feen, and once vifited,
yet to open an intercourfe with its inhabitants, is a tafk ftill
to be performed.

Intrepidity, joined to every naval accomplifliment, is not
adequate to this uik. To execute it effedlually, not only a
knowledge of what has been done, and a retrofped to what
ever is worthy imitation, or blameable in paft difcovercrs,

^ are

INTRODUCTION.

are requifite ; but alfo a philofophic idea of winds and fea-
fons ; a freedom from prejudice; attention to the temper and
difpofition of men in their uncuhivated (late ; fome know-
ledge in the manner of treating with them, which experience
only can beflow ; and, perhaps, not lefs than all, a conli-
deration of the rights and value of man's life, to fecure a
patient abftinence from the ufe of fire-arms againft the na-
tive Indians, who muft be ignorant of the intentions and
language of the ftrangers, and therefore at firft fubje(5t to
apprehenfion, and often to doubts.

Where fo much is required, it may, perhaps, be im-
poilible to find the fit leader ; but in fuch circumflances,
the idea oifinefs arifes from comparifon.

The AUthor is under the necellity to forego all thoughts
of being employed in the manner he wiflied, either in the
fervice of the government, or in that of the Eaft-India Com-
pany i the former, becaufe he was not bred up in the Royal
Navy, and for this reafon only: but, at the fame time,
the leaft he could do, in juflice to the public and to him-
felf, was to communicate to the world what lights he had
acquired, and what dedudions he had formed, on a fub-
jed fo important -, and he fliall be happy if his labours may
hereafter conduce, in the fmallefl degree, to the general ad-
vantage of mankind, and to his country in particular : in-
deed, he fliall think his pains amply rewarded, if thcfe
fheets are inftrumental in faving the life of one Indian from
the deftrudion occafioned by impatience.

It appears from the following fheets, that not only many
large iflands, and fmall ones without number, fwarming
with people, are fcattered over the South Pacific Ocean,
but that ii is more than probable another Continent will be
there found, eiitcwding from 30 deg. S. towards the Pole.

c There

XXV

r, I

XXV i

INTRODUCTION.

very beneficial ^mlL^t^^^^^^ "

a barrier to ftcure the rr.nJ f i! t """ '''""^^' <"• «

nation of .he coumri t ";'=.^"^-''''"^3. the exami-

li^ft-lndia Companv^,h ',/''" "'"'■'''"^"« '"'"e
charter thefe cXLTe "a „ /' r '^ °' "''°^^ -^'"«^e
reforted to by any X fub efl t'f • 7""°' "'''^f°^^ ^e
«n infringement of°ha chrni'^l°^ 'I"' ^''"S<iom, without
are too much engaged in ,?';"!, "' Eaft-India Comp,„y
merce and difcovfr^ '*"" '° """'' "^ 'o'^-

to the colonies , whereby , he fo™! '^' mother-country
latter, by an idea of their ownenTV '"'^"'"^- =•"« 'he
toftrugglc for independenrCC:"^ ''°"'='' *"'°""S^d
cuffion of thefe points ILv ^"'^""ginto the dif-

tions have ., groUX • ,~'t"oV°" '" '"^ ='"^^-
doubt, it „>„ft b, obvious, .hati? '1^ ^ "^-'^ "^ "-uch
independence, and endeavonr „ ^. "'" ^"'^ ^'^ing at
with the mother-countr^on, "^ ""^ "" ^"""^-^^on
there intentions, and of fL 1 °hi' "'"" °' P^'^^^'-S
themother-country, muft beby et enl" "' P™*""^"^
d'ftant nations who can have L cl ^ "' '°'"»"« 'o
contented colonies. No armJ .„ '^T '°" ""^ '^ofe dif-
pay. unlefs when they hou2",f "'^"•'^'' =■" '""-fe i
wanted , and no colony wonM I ^''' i^di/penfably

"ty of the mother-coumrrunieT- 'f "'^ *^ "ue' au.ho-'
~y ingteat .eafure intdtn'.CS;;^^ --

The

INTRODUCTION.

XXV 11

The American colonies know the trade from Britain
thither is fo great a proportion of the commerce of this king-
dom, that a ftagnation in the trade to America would re-
duce thoufands to a clamorous indigence, wnich neither
humanity nor authority can wiihftand. But fuppofmg for
a moment, that halt' of America, with its inhabitants, could
be tranfported to Africa, by which all tyes of intereft and
connexion would be broke, will any one fay, " that either
« i&^y would fet the mother-country at defiance?"

Difcovery of new lands is exa(5tly fimilar, when new mar-
kets can be found to take off our manufa(5tures ; the
American colonies lofmg their decifive importance, would be
unable to compel this country to a precipitate conceflion :
and on the other hand the mother-country being lefs de-
pendent would be lefs jealous.

What is here faid, muft not be mifconftrued to a general
condemnation of the conduct of the American colo-
nies ; it refers only to the mode adopted of entering into
compa<5ts not to ufe the manufactures of England,
that by thediftrefs of the induftrious manufa(5turer the le-
giflature of this kingdom may be compelled to repeal thofe
a6ts of parliament which the Americans think grievous.
The common rights of humanity entitle them to reprefent
their grievances, and whatever is thought unjuft is a grievance;
thefrfl ftep of tyranny is to Jhut the ear againft complaints:
the laji to Jhut the mouth oi the complainant.

The opinion that colonies are deftrudlive of population can
be no objedlion to difcoveries ; but the very pofition adds
weight to them: colonies, whether to difpoffefs the native
inhabitants, or to people defart wilds and woods, are as
different from difcoveries as day from night, Difcoveries in

c 2 the

IXVlll

:Q:

INTRODUCTION.

the South Sea have in view the refearch of extenfive and po-
pulous countries, which have, at prefeni, no communi-
cation with Europeans.

Whoever looks back to the difcovery of America, and
confiders what an acceffion of wealth and power would have
accrued to the Spanifh monarchy from an amicable inter-
courfe with the potent and populous empires of Mexico and
Pi:ru, will be able to form fome idea both of the confequence
and probability of what is expected in the South Sea : and
whoever is converfant in the hiftory of the Spanifli difco-
veries muft be convinced, that amity and the ftrid:eft alliance
would have been eafier attained, and would have afforded to
Spain much greater advantages of every kiijd, than has been
reaped from their conquefts.

Upon fuch grounds there can be no obje«5b more impor-
tant than difcoveries in the South Sea; difcovcries, not
merely of ih^ figure of the lands', not with a view of colo-
nizing ; not with the view of conquefl ; but of an amicable
intercourfc for mutual benefit.

The American colonies are generally fuppofed to contain
two millions of people, whofe commerce with Britain is
thought to give them an over- ruling influence. The num-
ber of inhabitants in the Southern Continent is probably
more than 50 millions, confidering the extent, from the
eaftern part difcovered by Juan Fernandez, to the weftern
coaft feen by Tasman, is about 100 deg. of longitude, which
in the latitude of 40 deg. amounts to 45 96 geographic, or
5323 ftaiute miles. This is a greater extent than the whole
civilized part of Asia, from Turkey to the eaftern extremity
oi China. There is at prefent no trade from Europe thither,
though the fcraps from this table would be fufFicient to

maintain

INTRODUCTION.

XXIZ

maintain the power, dominion, and fovereignty of Britain,
by employing all its manufacturers and fliips.

Whoever conliders the Peruvian empire, where arts and
induftry flouriflied under one of the wifcft fyftems of govern-
ment, which was founded by ^firanger^ muft have very fan-
guine expe(5tations of the Southern Continent, from whence it
is more than probable Mango Capac, \htfrji Inca, was de-
rived, and muft be convinced that the country, from whence
Mango Capac introduced the comforts of civilized life, can-
not fail of amply rewarding the fortunate people who fhall
beftow letters in^ead of qitippos^ and iron in place of more
awkward fubftiiutes.

It is alledged the inhabitants of the iflands lately difco-
vered, do not bear any fimilitude to the civilized race of the
Incas. In reply it may be urged, that many of the inhabi-
tants, in parts of America adjoining to Peru, were much
lefs polilhed than the natives of the iflands here referred to.
This is granted. But it is faid, " the Spaniards immediately
»* had reports of Peru.** I have not heard that the natives
of the iflands lately difcovered, were ajked after other coun-
tries. But admitting that they are ignorant of any fiich
country, the fame kind of argument might be brought to
prove, that there is no fuch empire as China, for the na-
tives of the Bashee iflands, which lye between Formosa and
the Philipinas, know nothing of it. Whoever confiders at-
tentively RoGGEWEiN'sdefcription of Easter Ifland, muft fee
the affinity to the Peruvian manners and religion : and when
this is compared with Juan Fernandez' report of the conti-
nent he dilcovercd, inhubii'd by civilized people, there will
be little room left to doubr, that there is much to reward the
difcoverer, who ftiaii aad perfeverence to difcietion.

2 The

'« '

XXX

-♦

INTRODUCTION.

The fubjecH: of difcoveries feems to be now reviving; as a
member of fociety, therefore, it deferves an accurate difcuffionj
but it demands immediate attention from every Englifhman,
for itmay be very juftly faid, the /r/w^ of the Britifti empire
refts on our infular fituation, and powerful navy. Were any
of our competitors to gain the fuperiority at fca, the advan-
tages of the frji would be loft. Our navy, undoubtedly, is
fuperior to all others at prefent, becaufe our colonies are fo.
But if other nations are negligently permitted to extend their
navigation to remote parts, and to gain fuch an acceflionof
commerce and power as the difcovery of a New World would
afford to a liberal unbigotted people, the fabulous flory of
Friar Bacon may be applied to this Wall of Brafs ; and we
may then indeed cry, " Time was — but time is paft," and
in vain lament the ignorance, or worthlefFnefs of minifters
who were wanting in purfuing the true interefts of their
country.

OSlober 7,

1769.

MONTHLY REVIEW for M A V, 1769.

THE Monthly Reviewers, In the Account of the Tra£t I piib-
liihed on tlie Southern Diicoverics, lay,

*' The public has lately been gratified with a new edition of old voy-
ages, relating to Southern Difcoveries, in 3 vols. 8vo. under the title of
Terra Aiijlralis Cognita ; wherein the arguments in favour of profccuting
difcoveries in the fcuth parts of the Pacific Ocean, were revived,
from the coliedlijn of voyages by Harkisj who, with his late editor,
are very full upon that fubjedl." Then conclude, *' The voyages pro-
mifed in a future publication, feem to be unnecelTliry, as having already
appeared in various forms, and particularly in the before-mentioned
collection, exprefly on the lame plan."

I am neither fo humble to fubm t implicitly to the opinion, nor fo
felf-fulhcient entirely to defpife the fentiments of theMonthly Re-
gifters, the profelled purpofe of which is, to make a candid report of
the books offered to the attention of the public.

As I have not acquiefced to the opinion of the Monthly Reviewers,
** that any future publication was unneceffary," I will give my reafons
for not paying any deference to their fentiments on this head.

It muft beconfeffed, that it feems a little too precipitate for a critic
to judge, that a publication is unneceffary^ when it impoffible to know
what that publication will contain. Indeed I had, in the preface to
the tradt which the Monthly Reviewers give their judgment upon,
mentioned that I was in poffeffion of fome Spaniih papers, without
which Torquemada's relation of Qui ros's voyage, in 1606, was un-
intelligible; fo that there was at leaft: an alTertion of mine, which
could not be contradidled, that fome elucidation was to be expedted
from memorials which had never been publi(hed.

The 3 vols, the Monthly Reviewers refer to, are, fo far as relates to
the fouthern difcoveries, a tranflation of the HijL des Navigat, aux
Terres Aujlraks^ except that the important voyage of Men dan a, in
1595, is omitted.

M. DES Brosses, the ingenious author of the 7a)/!?. des Navig.it. aux
Tcrres Au/irales, profefledly gives an abridgment of the Spanilli voyages ;
my plan was to uive a full tranflation. Some of them never appeared in
Englifli, but in the tranflation of M. des Brosses' abridgment. The
tranflator had no recourfe to the original Spanifli authorities ; and
M. DES Bi'.ossES undcrdanding "very little Spanijb, it is not wonderful
many errors have crept into his abridgment, which it was impofiible
for the tranflator tocorred:.

And having mentioned M. degBrosses, I cannot avoid contrafling his
fentiments to the Monthly Reviewers, of the trad already publiflied.

Dijoux

't'Tr

nous avons

Dijon, SJtine, 1769.
« ye lai lu deux'foix avec beaucoup d'mprcffemeut et^ de plater. 11 ejl
rmpli d'injlruami d'exMude, & d'ohjervattons qui mntrent combien
vousf^avezjoindre les rejiexions a Icxpencnce.

In a letter, dated i)/>7, iS Feb. 1767, he fays :
ye fuis charm,! d'apprendre que vous travailkz a rajembkr tous ce que
Lns de connoifances geographtqucs, hijloriques, et natureUesJurle mer
du fud et la partie du globe que dans mon ouvrage j at appelle Folynejie ij at
beaucoup demPrefJement devoir votre ouvrage avjjt-tot que vous le Jerez
paroitre et de vous procurer, autant qu'il me /era pojible, les chojes qutpour-

ront vous etre utiles." c c \ v.

Thefe are the fentiments of a man fohcitous to promote ufeful know-
ledge, above all the little narrow ideas of the hackney trumpeter of a

bookfeller. , ^ . 1 1. u • r .•

I will refer it even to the Monthly Reviewers, whether their lenti-
ments, ** that there is no occafion for any future publication," or
the opinion of M. des Brosses *' that there is," deferve moft to be

regarded.

I confefs the approbation of a man of l^liers, who has made the
fubjedhis particular ftudy, weighs much more with me than the fenti-
ments of men who were ignorant of what they prefumed to decide upon.

That they never examined Harris, nor his modern editor, muft,
I think, be obvious to every one, as neither of thefe colledions contain
the Spanidi voyages in this quarter. The modern editor, indeed, has
abftraded fome part of QuiRos's memorials, and has inferted many
pertinent arguments in favour of profecuting thefe difcoveries. But
the Monthly Reviewers cannot mean thefe arguments only, for the
old edition of Harris has no arguments on the fubjed.

I queftion if the Monthly Reviewers ever read the trad: they criti-
cife, for Juan Fernandez' difcovery of the continent was never be-
fore publiflied ; and as they muft have read at Icaft the table of con-
tents of the terra Aujlralis Cognita, this circumftance not mentioned
in that work could fcarcely have pafTed unobfervcd.

The Work which I propofed to publifli, and of which this volume
contains a part, is totally different from the plan of former colle<ftions,
notwithftanding the exprefs declaration of the Monthly Reviewers
that it is on the fame. I confine myfelf entirely to the difcoveries
made between South-Amekica and PapuA, and give a literal tranfla-
tion of the original writers. The plan of the Htji. des Navig. aux Terres
Aujlrales comprehends all the countries httle frequented in the fbuthern
hemifphere j but, inftead of a full tranflation, it is declared to be an
abridgment. The tranflator in Terra AiiJiraUs Cognita has only added
a few papers, fome of them foreign to the fubjed, as relative to the
northern hemifphere.

!f§3

=ad£-

Ktut J.i>ftf>tkd* ^tn Zt'tUfi

i
»

«
V

t?w

1 " ^U'

lAo

1 V''

V2"^.

■Ujnt

■'^

(itetpi^ ,Xk«

nj^

'*•-

"^--^.f

yHW' JI/tLl.^A'J}>

^fVMMtf^V ' ■

•A I

fmff.

^/-i;^ r"

/•

y J<tittnuuf -A

v-^

>A<.-

^.•. <^.

Aumum/f

<fli^^.

<''•

'/^^i

(I , .'i^ttria

♦fcf ' £aJ*;fn,i

SZIAT^IjAWB

^''«/t. /)„^ ^^^,

C H ^ M. T
^ret/ioud to '^64.

ifio

JJO

rft..

<i'My tpae<e()^^,-/M,m^ Oa-'i

i'i

hemi

northern hemilphere.

ON WHICH THE

CHART OF THE SOUTH SEA

WAS

FORMED.

T is pretended to delineate particularly the difcoveries made
only in the voyages of

AlvaroMendana DE Neyra, in

Pedro Fernandes de Quiros, and!
Louis Vaez de Torres, J

James le Maire, andW. Schouten,
Abel Jansan Tasman, —

Jacob Roggewein, — • i

'595
1606

1617

1642
1722

There are feme lefs precife intimations, which, though not
negled:cd, do not admit an eqml degree of affurance as thofo
above recited.

ALVARO MENDAnA de NEYRA 1595,

AND

PEDRO FERNANDES de QUIROS, 1606.

Quiros fays, the Marquesas difcovered by Mendana, are
1000 leagues from Lima, and 1000 leagues from the neareft
part of New-Guinea.

Dampier places C. St. Marv in 147° 26' E. longitudc'
from London i Tasman in 149° 48' E. the mediilm "between

B Dam-

DATA ON WHICH THE CHART
DAMPiERand Tasman 148*^ 37' E. is affumed as the longitude
of cape St. Mary.

According to Dampier, the ifland of St. John is o*^ 44' E.
acapeST. MARY,andis therefore in 149° 21'E. or 2io<^ 39' W.

Lima being in W. long. — 7^ ^4

Makes the difference of longitude between^
St. John's and Lima, — S

From Lima to the Marquesas being 1000 leagues, or 3428',
the difference of long, is 3492' = 58*^ 12', which doubled for the
diftancefrom the Marquesas to New-Guinea, is 116° 24'
Taken from long, of St. John's Lima, — 133 SS

leaves •— •— — '7 3'

QuiRos's diftance from Lima to New-Guinea being fo much
deficient.

It may he alledged, as QuiRos did not go to New-Guinea,,
that there is no proof of the Marquesas being equi-diflant
from New-Guinea and America. But if Quiros's longitude
of the Marquesas be not deficient, his fubfequent difcovery
of Man icoLo would contradift both Schouten and Tasman j
for Manicolo cannot be farther well than the ifland of Sta.
Cruz, which Quiros reckons 1800 leagues from Lima, not
only from what Quiros infinuates when he flood for that ifland
from the bay of St. Philip and St. Jagoj but by his track
from Taumaco. By Quiros's reckoning ♦ Sta, Cruz is in

longitude

• M. Pingre (Mem. fur le Tranfit de Venus, 4to. cTiez P. G. Cavclier, Paris,
1767, p. 41.) mentions an eclipfcof the moon at Sta. Cruz : Figueroa fays the moon
was totally eclipfed when it appeared above the horizon [que al afcender por el ori-
fonte venia ya toda eclipfada]. M. Pingre fays the fun fet at Sta. Cruz at 6 hrs.
9 min. and that the moon was then rifen 5 or 6 min. He determines the time of
thiseclipfeat Paris to have been 19 hrs. 6 min. and therefore that Sta. Cruz muft be
at leaft 1 3 hrs. 2 min. to the W. of Paris, which is equal to 164" 30' E. long, a Paris,
j>t 166" 55' E. of tendon i but m Figueroa lays, " the moon yi3^% already totally

eclipfed

]

THE SOUTH SEA WAS FORMED.

longitude 104^ 47' W. a Lima, or 178° 29' E. a London? Tau-
MACo in 10° S. lat. 98° 58' W. long, a Lima, or 175*^ 42' W.
a London. From this laft he flood to the fouth-weftward to
Manicolo, or Terra del Espiritu Santo, in 15° 20' S,
lat. fothat Manicolo is rather to the eaftward than weftward
of Sta. Cruz ; and it is evident from Schouten, that Mani-
colo cannot lye to the eajlward o£ Horne island in that lati-
tude, as he ran down almoft the whole breadth of the Pacific
Ocean in that parallel. Horne island, as will hereafter be
{hewn, is in 171® 29' E. from London. Befides, it appears
evident from Torres's route afterwards, that Manicolo muft
lye farther to the weftward than Quiros places it, for Torres
failed along the coafts of New-Guinea, &c. above 600
leagues == 34*^ ; whereas the longitude only from bay St. Phi-
lip and St. Jago (if it is not more to the weftward than
178^ 29' utfuprajt to the extremity of New-Guinea, would
be almoft 50*^; although the diftance mentioned by Torres, is
confonant enough to the fituationin which I have placed Mani-
colo, from the deduction of the Marquesas being equi-
diftant from New-Guinea and America.

The exaft longitude on the globe is not the point in queftion ;
it is in view to reconcile the feveral voyages in this quarter, and
from thence to deduce the reciprocal fituations of their difco-
veries.

eclipfed when it rofe," Sta. Cruz is probably farther to the wtjiward^ though, ad-
mitting any authority in Figueroa, it cannot be farther tajiward. M. de Pingre lays
it down in 190** E. a Ferro, which is 172' 25' E. a London, or 5* f farther ^a/? than
the data in Figueroa admit, unlefs we fuppofe with M. Pingre (p. 41), " That by
the moon in the horizon^ Figueroa might poflibly mean a quarter of an hour after it
was rifen."

Quiros's courfes from hence to Guam (hew, that Sta, Cruz is at leaft a« far weft-
ward as I have laid it down.

B 2

From

r''^!''HlW-'JNW •"•«

DATA ON WHICH THE CHART
From the above pofition, QuiROs's difcoveries in 1595 and
1606 have been thus deduced :

W. long,
a Limi.

League. Min. D. long, o , . . ! ' ! ' ^"S- » Lond.
,ooo=3428=:3492=58.i2 + 526=40i8=66.s8 + 76.4+=H3°42'W.

1400 4800 4889 81.29 79S 56H 9444 '7'-23

1535 5262 5s6o 89.20 826 61S6 103.6 17950^

1800 6172 6287 104.47 94S 72^l 120.31 162.4s' E.

1850 6343 6461 107.41 971 7433 '23-53

159.23

MAlKyJESAS

S. Bernardo

Solitary

Sta. Cruz

The W. part)
by FicuBROA J

For if 1000 leagues give 8° 45'4-= 5^6' the given number of
leagues will ihew the deficiency in that diftance, or
116.24 : i^S'SS :: Long, given : True Long.

Dif. long. W. long. Longw a Lond.

QuiROs's ift ifland,^ Lea'. a Lima.

La Encarnacion, • iooo=3428'+S26'=39S4'=4i6s'=69«,2s+76''.44*='46 .9'W-

in 25° S. lat. J

C.isW. 11° 1 2' S. 40 1 8 miles.

TAUMACoinio''S.Iat. 1700 5829 893 6722 6851 iiS-Jt 169. 25^ B.

The other difcoveries made by QuiRos are regulated by thefe>
and the time they were difcovered, with fome afliftance from a
few latitudes mentioned, and the general eourfe from Tauma-
co to Manicolo. St. Bernardo** whofe fituation is given

* M. Pingre (p. 51) is certainfy right in his application of the names to the firft 13
iflands difcovered by Quiros in 1606 ; but his conje£tures about St. Bernardo are obvi-
oufly without foundation, independent of the improbability that the fame name fhould
be applied to two iflands nearly in the fame latitude ; Quiros did net fee this ifland on
St. Bernard's day ; and if the name was not applied by him^ it is clear, he not only gave
this ifland no name^ but takes no notice of it ; for in one of his memorials, where he
recites the iflands he difcovered in this voyage, after Sagitaria, La Fugitiva, and La del
Peregrino, he names N'. Sen^ del Socorro, Monterrey, and Tucopia. The /«/?,
Quiros, in the fame memorial, fays was the ifland where the natives of Taumaco
fwam away from the fliip : and Torquemada tells us, this happened at the ifland in 12
deg. S. which was the firft ifland they faw after leaving Taumaco.— From hence it ap-
pears, that Monterrey is the nam Quiros gives to Taumaco, which indeed, as the
firft ifland tliey difcovered with a port, it was very natural for him to name after the
ficcroy,

* Between

OF THE SOUTH SEA WAS FORMED.

in Mendana's voyage, is of great ufe in confining to fome
bounds of longitude the iflands difcovered by QuiRos to the
fouthward, for it is obvious that the iflands fo called in this, were
what he named St. Bern ar do in the former voyage : for neither
were they now feen on St. Bernardo's day, nor doesQuiROs,
on the recapitulation, mention them now in the lift of his dif"
coveriesy as he does all the other iflands.

La Encarnacion, or the ift ifland, Torq^emada men-
tions to be in 25° S.

St. Juan Baptista, the 2d, appears from Arias to lye
in 26° S. for he tells us, when Quiros arrived at the latitude
of 26" S. he faw to the fouthward very large hanging clouds,
and a very thick horizon, with other known iigns of a conti-
nent, and a little ifland, inhabited by various kinds of birds,
of very fweet notes, which never breed, nor vifit places, but
at little diftance from main land.

Santelmo, the 3d, is a large ifland, and from thence ap-
pears to be in 28° S. for Ulloa, quoting Diego de Cordova
for an account of QuiRos's voyage, fays, amongft others, they
found a large ifland in 28° S.

The latitude of LA Dezena, the loth ifland, 18® 40' S. is
given by Torquemada, and it mufl be nearly in the meridian
of Santelmo, as the difference of latitude is as much as they

Between La del Peregrino and Monterrey, Quiros only mentions one ifland which
he had difcovired; this he names N». Sen*, del Socorro : it muft be what Torquemada
calls Ifla de Gente Hermofa, as there can be no doubt it is a difeovery of Quiros. The
name he mentions was probably given it from the fmoaks they faw, when they firfl
difcovered it, and the hopes they thereupon entertained of obtaining refreflmients.

From thefe circumftances it is clear, that the application of the name St. Bernardo
to the ifland fcen after La del Peregrino was not made by fome bungling tranfcribevy as
M. Pingre fuppofes, but by Quiros himfelf. And its fituation is very eflential in
regulating the iflands difcovered by Quiros after leaving the ifland he named La En-
carnacion.

can

•t

'^1

DATA ON WHICH THE CHART

can be fuppofed to have run in five days, the time they were from
one to the other.

La Sagitaria, Torquemada placesin 17*^40' S.

They failed from hence, February 12th, and in 9 days made
St. Bernardo in 10° 30' S. On the 14th they faw an ifland
to the N. E., which they could not reach, and another the
next day. They were named la Fugitiva, and la del Pe-

REGRINO.

They were 8 days from St. Bernardo to Isla de Gente
Hermosa ; it appears this ifland, whofe fituation is not mentioned
exprefsly, lyes rather under than above 10? S. for in the latter
part of this voyage Quiros went into 10° 20' S. and ran in that
parallel for Sta. Cruz. And leaving the ifland of Handsome
People, •* He flood W. for Sta. Cruz, being in its pa-
rallel," and fell in with Taumaco in 10" S. Alfo 1595, ^^^7
kept between 10° and 11° S. from St. Bernardo, and only
faw Solitary Island in 10® 40' S. which they did not now
fee. They were 43 days between St. Bernardo and Tau-
maco, which differ 18° in longitude, that is 25' a day; and
as they were 8 days to the ifland of Handsome People, the
diflanceis about 200 miles : it was alfo named N"^. Sen^. del
Socorro.

They had figns of land all the way from St. Bernardo to
Tatjmaco, whofe latitude and longitude is given by Arias.

The next ifland to Taumaco was Tucopia, in 12^ S.

Na. Sen\ de la Luz, as Torquemada calls it, is in 14*^ f S.
but inftead of this name, we find after Tucopia, St. Mar-
cos, in the memorials.

Another to the weftward was named el Vergil, or the
Garden j and

Another larger to the fouthward. Las Lagrimas de St.
Pedro : and

OF THE SOUTH SEA WAS FORMED.

To the fouth-eaftward another ftill larger, which appeared
without end, full of great mountains, which feems to be part of
Manicolo. Quiros, after leaving the bay St. Philip and
St. Jago, intending for the rendezvous at Sta. Cruz, failed
into io*'4 S. where they faw a fail, which they knew to be an
Indian embarkation j but found they were fallen to leeward of
the Sta. Cruz iflands, having loft ground at the entrance of the
bay of St. Philip and St. Jago, when they attempted to re-
turn thither. From hence we have nearly the fituation of this
bay, which muft be about the fame meridian, as Sta. Cruz,
that is 163® E. and in the latitude of 15^ 20' S.

Arias adds of this country, that the coaft they faw extends
from caft to weft above loo leagues (343').

JAMES L E M A I R E„

/iN-D:

WILL. S C H O U T E N, 1616.

THE longitudes of this voyage are chiefly taken from
ScHOU ten's chart, admitting Juan Fernandes to be in 78*^ 30'
W. aLoNDON. Dog Island is by SChouten's journal, 925
German leagues =61° 40', from the coaftof Peru j and by his
chart 58** W. a Juan Fernandes, which is placed in his
chart 3 ** 40' W. from the coaft j fo that Schouten's journal
and ch^vpt exadly agree in the fituation of Dog Island from
the coaft of Peru, whence Schouten reckons his diftance,
though he never faw it.

Barleus's map places the coaft of Peru in that latitude,
above 6*^ to the eaftward of Juan Fernandes, and makes
the diftance between Doc Island and Juan Fernandes, 2"

8 D A T A ON WHICH the CHART

more than Schouten's chart, though Le Maire's relation
places Dog Island 20' nearer the coaft than Schouten's
journal. Indeed the maps and plates in Barleus, arc obvioufly
pirated from Janson, notwithftanding the introdudlion to
JBarleus condemns that voyage as furreptitious, and de-
clares ScHOUTEN difavowed it. However, an impartial view
will entirely clear it of this charge, as there are few circum-
ftances wherein they materially differ, except in the merits of

ScHOUTEN.

There are fome fituations in Lf. Maire's voyage, omitted by
ScHOUTEN i thefe are deduced from the difference between the
given diftance, and 920, the number of German leagues Le
Maire places Dog Island from the coaft of Peru, which
gives the diftance from Dog Island.

Schouten's chart makes it 125° 30' from Lima to St.
John's : which being by the former deduftion 133° 55'* gives
8° 25' for the deficiency of Schouten's longitude. Then for
the correction

125.30 : 122-55 '• long, given : true long, or
125.30 : 8.25 :: long, given : deficiency.
Which being added to the given longitude, is the true lon-
gitude.

Long, a foaft
Lit. South of Pet».

Long, a coaft Long, a coaft Long. •
of Peru. of Peru. Lond.

Dog Island {l. i5Vl5'}^'V'==37oo'+248'=3948'=6s°48' + 74°5o' ^o'jS'W.

SONDRECROND |t''^' '^ I 68 20
IL. 14. 35 J

Waterland
Fly Island
Saw a Sail
Cocos Island

14. 46 69 20
L. 15. 20 70 40

15. 20 100 40

16. lO loi 40

Per chart 40<' a Dog island.
Hope Island 103 40

HoRNE Island 14. 56 106 40

Per chare 3° a Hope Island.
16. 5 106 40

4100

4160
4240
6040
6100

6220
6400

275

273

284

405

409

417
429

4375 72 55

4438 73 58
45*4 75 24
6445- ^07 2 J
6509 108 29

6637 "o 37
6829 113 49

"3 49

>47 45

148 48

177 45 E'
176 41

«74 33
171 21

171 21

The

' h

OF THE SOUTH SEA WAS FORMED.

The fituations from Le Mai re are.

Lone. W.

19 Marcli

24
No Var. 3 April
3 May
Vid, Schouten

Long. Long.
Lat.S. aDogL acoailPeru. acoailPeru.

i7°30' 33°oo' E. zf 4.0' W.=:i420'+ 9S'=iSis'=2$°is'+74°So

15.00 30.40 31.00 i8€o 124 1984 33-04

14.12 13.00 48.40 2910 195 3115 51.5;

1500 25.20 W. 87.00 5220 350 5570 92.50

16.05 4z>oo 103.40 6220 417 6637 110.37

Long, of Long, a

ccall Peru. Lend.

=ioo"oj \V.

107.54
126.45

167.40

'74-33 E-

So that Le Maire places Horne Island 3 <* farther eaftward
than Schouten ; but as he does not give the diftance of St.
John's from the coaft of Peru, it is impoflible to deduce his
longitude truly.

ABEL JANSAN TASMAN, 1642.

THE various relations of Tasman's voyage differ very confi-
derably in the longitudes; particularly of Mauritius, which
muft be a ftandard for regulating the other fituations.

Mauritius is placed by Valentyn, in 1. 78°47'

Thevenot, — — 8308

Campbell, 83.48

Mauritius is by the Con. des Temps, ia — 57^33' E. Long, a Lond.

So that Tafman's firft Meridian will be by Valentyn 2i'=i4' W.

Thevenot 25.35
Campbell 26.15

That of Valentyn is afTumed here.

The feveral relations place C. St. Mary in

Which by Valentyn's meridian, is ^-~—

Dampier places C. St. Mary In — —

The medium afTumed is —^ ■

Which is lefs than Tafman's account — •

I7I°.02'

149°48> E. a London.
147.26 E. a London.

H8-37
I. II

According to this correftion all Tasman's difcoveries from
Van Diemen's Land and New-Zealand to C. St. Mary
are determined.

For the fatisfadion of the curious, the following table of
comparative fituations is inferted, the longitudes b©ing the fame
as in the originals ; the lafl column contains the longitude
afTumed from London,

C 1642

l-n

T> A t A ON WHICH THE CHART

De Hondt.

Lat.

1642

; Sept. Mauritius —
22 Oft. — —

29 —

6 Nov, —

8 —

IS —I

ai •»

22 —

24 —

SawVan DiemensLand

I Dec. Fr. HenrickBay

S —

9 —

46.

44.14

1 3 Saw New Zeland —

18 Murderer's Bay —

4 January —

Three King's Ifland

15 —

16 ~

jp —

Saw Pylftaart

21 Amderdam I.

25 Rotterdam I.
6 Feb. —
8 —

14 —

20 —

26 —

2 March —

8 —

14 —

20 —

22 Saw Onthong Java

25 —

26 _ —

I April, faw N. Britain
6 Cape St. Mary

42.11

42.27

42.14
40.41

32.10

29.50
26.08
22.57

Long.

11:2.22

S9'H

Valentyn.

Lat.

20.20

45-47

49.04

189.0
92 25

93-34

ujS.io
200.28
203.59

42.58
42.25

43-'o

Long,

78.47

89.44

4.56

42.37
$wellfr

42.10
40.50
34-35
34-25
32.25

22-35

21.20
20.1;
17.19
15.29

163.50
167.55

167.29
S. W.

188,28
191.41
191.09
1 90.40
192.20

4.05

175.48

9.11

204. 1 5

205.29
206.19
201.3s
199.31

Thevetiot.

Lat.

20.20

44.03

42.15

43 «o

4'-34
42.37

42.10
40.50
34-35

32.25
Swell fr

30.05
26.29
22.35

21.10

Long.

83.08

140,32
158,

163,50

167.55
169.00
176.29

188.28
191.41
191.09

17.19

>3-4S

192.20

s. w.

195.25
199.32
204.15

205.29

Campbell.

Lat.

20.20
45-47

49.04
44-33

42.25

43- «o
41.34

42-37

42.10
40.50

34-35

Long.

83.48
89.44

114.56

140.32
158.00

163.50

167.5s
169.00
176.29

188.28
191.41
191.09

A /Turned.

Lat.

20.20.

30.25

201.35

192.10

10.12

5.02

4 33

430

192.46

186.14

178.32

"74-30

171.02

7.46
10.12

5 '5

5.02

4-35

4-30

193.00

190.47
186.14
181.16
178.32
175.10

30.05
26.29
22.35

21.20
20.15
17.19
15.29
16.30

'3-45
9.48
9.11
7.46

10.12

5-»5

5.02

435

I7I.C2 ;

195.27
199.32
204.15

205.29
206.19
201.35

«99-3>
'93-35
'93-35
'93-43
192.46
190.47
186.14
181.16
178.32
175.10

45-47
46.00
49.04
44-H

42.58
42.25

43.10
4»-37

42.10

40.50
34-35

34-25
32.25

Long. a
Lond.

5733

68.30

93.42

"4«-«5

166.03
169.16
168.44
168.1$

169,5s

22.35

21.20
20.15
17.19
15.29

9.1

5 02
4.33

4-3C

181,50

183.04

'8354
179.10

177.06

170.21

Tasman's difcoveries are partly hid down from this table, and partly
from the charts of his difcoveries, publilhed by Valentyn, the
longitude in thefe charts being regulated in the fame manner.

JACOB

fc^

OF THE SOUTH SEA WAS FORMED.

JACOB ROGGEWEIN, 1722.

4to. DoRT, 1728. 8vo. Hague, 1739.

* 'i

THE fituations given in the Dutch relation of Roggewein*s
voyage differ very much from the French account : the firft
ifland feen after they left Easter Island, is not taken notice
of in the Dutch account j but the French relation fays it vvas
by fome imagined to be the fame Schouten named Dog
Island; others thought it a new difcovery, and named it
Carlshoff. The ifland where the African galley was loft,
and thofe near it, adjoin to the iflands difcovered by Schquten;
perhaps fome of them may have been thofe feen by Schouten,
but it appears to me more probable, that the iflands difcovered
by RoGGEWEiN lye between Dog Island and Sondre-grond.

The longitudes in the French relation have been confidered
as enigmatical j it appears evident to me, the author, a native of
Mecklenburgh, reckons his firft meridian from his own coun-
try j for Sebastian, in Brasil, is placed in 60° longitude;
this place being 45*^ W. from London, hence his /Vy? meri-
dian muft be 15° E. from London.

In 28'' S. they were in 251" longitude. As they fail weft-
ward their longitudes increafe ; but 251° W. from Mecklen-
burgh, or 236° W. from London (= 124^ E.) is the fituation
of Nkw-Holland, inftead of a few days fail from Juan Fer-
N ANDES, as they then were, reckoning the longitude 251° jE. it
it will be equal to 266^ E. or 91° W. from London.

They f'-iled W. 12°, when they difcovered Easter Island
h\ 28^ 30' S. which is therefore in 106° W. longitude.

C 2

The

h 1

f ii;

DATA ON WHICH THE CHART

The longitude 239° given to Easter Island in the Hj/f.
des Navig. aux Tcrres ylujni/cs, and other authors, is not in
the original, and is only deduced by fubtrading i2» from 251^^
but the original increafes the longitude as they go weftward.

The Dutch relation places Easter Island in 27** S. lat. long.
268°=92° W. The Dutch longitudes are generally reckoned
from Tenerife, and confequently it being 16" 27' W. from
London; the fituation of Easter Island will be 108** 27' W.
But the chart accompanying the Dutch relation makes it only
21° from Easter Island to Juan Fernandes; and confe-
quently Easter Island is not near fo far to the weftward as
above defcribed.

According to this chart the firft meridian paiTes through th«
Grand Canary, which is made 15° 30' W. from London :
Juan Fernandes is in the longitude of 289*', or 71* W. add
15° 30' is 86^ 30' W. a London j but Juan Fernandes being
only 78** 30' W. the longitude of the chart is 8° too much.

Easter Island is by this chart in 268^ or 92^ W. add
15° 30' is 107" 30' W. but if we dedud the 8°, it is only in
99*' 30' W.

The author of the lives of the Governors of Batavia fays
the original MSS. of admiral Jacob Roggeweik's voyage was
very conformable to the relation published at the Hague ; but
he contradids this, relation, for he fays Ea&ter Island is in
27° 4' S. and in 265** 42' long, or 94^ 18' W. that is, (fuppofing
he reckons from Tenerife, as the Dutch generally do) in
110° 45' W. from London. He further fays it is 658 leagues
to the weft of Copiapo. If thefe are Dutch they will make
2632' = 43^ 52' diff. long. 49^^ 15' = 120^^ W. if French,
36° 56' =t: i&o^ of long. W. from London.

I have

OF THE SOUTH SEA WA8 FORMED.

I have here fubjoined a table (hewing the pofition of Easter
Island, according to the various accounts.

French relation — —
Dutch relation —

Suppofing Tenerifte ift mer.

Suppofing Canary, as in chart

By chart a Juan Fernandes z i o
Hiftory of Governors of Batavia

Suppofing Teneriffe ill Mer.

658 U. V. a Copiapo, if Dutch
If French

Ffench. relation —

Dutch relation — —

Hiflory of Dutch governors

Long.

368 .00

265,42
49.15
36.56

Lat.

28».3o-
27.00

37.04

Medium

Long. W. aLond.

108.27

107.30

9930

110.45
120.00

108.00

760.12
108.36

1 06*. 00'

108.27

110.4s

325.12

Medium

108,24

The chart in the Dutch account of this voyage places JuAif
Fernandes in 122° E. from the eaftern part of New-Bri-
tain ; Juan Fernandes being 2° from Lima. The longitude
between New-Britain and Lima will be 124° according to.
Roggewein. This longitude having been fuppofed 133° 55'.
The proportion for the corredtion of Roggewein's longitude
will be

124* : 133° 5S' '■'■ longitude : true longitude,
or nearly

124 : 10 addition
tion required.

I have in the chart placed Easter Island in 106° 30' W.
as it agrees to the diicovery of Davis -, but I am not fatisfied^
that this is the exaft fituaticn. In the following table I have
exprefled the fituations according to the Dutch relation and

I chart },

longitude a Juan Fernandes : addi-

14 D A T A ON WHICH THE CHART

cliart ; the ifl column contains the latitude, the 2d the date,
the 3d the places, the 4th the longitude from Juan Fernan-
DES, the 5th the addition made according to the correction
.ibove dated, the 6th the longitude from Juan Fernandes
after this corredlion, the 7th the longitude from London, ad-
mitting Juan Fernandes to be in 78* 30' W. the 8th is the
longitude from Easter Island according to the Dutch rela-
tion, 9th the longitude from Easter Island according to the
Dutch chart, and loth, the longitude according to the French
relation.

Lat.

Long,
a Addit.
Juan Fern.

/
28.00

S. per cht.

27.00

27*

aj. 2

14.4'

15.00

S. per cht.

15.17

>S-47

15.16

15.00

S. per cht.

«4

13.41

April Prince's I.
Eafter I.

May, Pernicious I.
Flyl. ofSchouten
Foul Iflands
June, Recreation

Bauman Tflands
Single Iflaud

14 00
21.00
33.00

34-30
57-00
60.30
65.00
64.42

8352

87.30
88.4s

+ '•07,
1.41

2-39
2.46

4-35
452
5.14

S-
6

7-
7-

■•3

'■45

.09

Cor. Ion

a
J. Fern.

n I

= «S-07
22.41

35-39
37.16

61.3?
65.22
70.14
69.55

90-37

94 33

95 54

Long

a a

Lond. Eafterl

relat. D. chart
a
Ealler l.

F. relat,

a
Eafter I.

o ,
93-37

lOI.ll

114.09

115.46

140.0;

143.52

14844

148.25

169.07

173 03 —

174.24 67.45

44.00
43.42
62.52

o t
7. 00

13.30

36.*o

39-30
44.00

43'42

W. —

17. j6

18.51

22.0O

66.30)
68.30 J

27.00

The French relation is more circumftantial than the Dutch
in enumerating the iilands after leaving Easter Island, al-
though the longitudes are obvioufly erroneous. It may be ufe-
ful to fee how thefe iilands are fituated with refped to each
other, according to tlie French relation.

Eafler Ifland

CarlOioff

Pernicious Iflands, 4iflr.nds — "

12 leagues (36') W. a CarlQioff

Aurora 8 leagues (24') W. a Pernicious

Vefper

Labyrinth 6 iflands 25 leagues (7^') W. a Pernicious

3olc.-igues in extent
Recreation — .— ^»«,. 16,00

Bauniaa Iflandi » > ■ " ■ ts.co

Lat.

Long. Long, a Eafler I

28''.30' S.

263^00

J 5 -45

280.00 170.00'
17.36

283.60
290.00

18.00
18.51

22.00
27 00

The

I
I

OF THE S O U T H S E A WAS FORMED.

The French relation does not give the longitude of New-
Britain ; fo that there is no ftandard for corredion.

The Dutch places New-Britain in i66^ long, and confc-
quently makes it 102° 00' from the eaftern part of New-Bri-
tain to Easter Island; which, admitting Easter Island
to be in 106° 30', I make 104° 9', the Dutch being 2° 9' defi-
cient of my calculation : therefore

1 02". 00: 2° 9' :: long, i Easter Island: addition required^

According to this corrc^ftion the following is the table of the
Dutch fituations. The laft column is the longitude a London,
fuppofing Easter Island to be in 108° 30' W.

Eafler Ifland
CarHliofF
Pernicious lilandi
Foul Iflands
Recreation
Bauman Iflands
Single Ifland

Itt.

27°ooS

14.41

15.17

'S-47
13.41

Long, a
Eafter.

Correft.

Cor. long. Long, a

a Eafter I. London.

o ♦ o ,

— 106.30

44.00 + 0.55
43.42 o.ss

44.56

44 37

67.45 1.36 69.11

151.26
151.07

175.41

Lone, a
London.

e ,
108.30

152.30
153.12

176.15

This table is not entirely confonant to the chart I have given
of the South Sea ; but I did not think it was neceflary to alter
the chart, as Roggewein's difcoveries are not fo exadly deter-
mined, that a few degrees of longitude can be effential ; as the
Dolphin, in her firft voyage, found fomeveftiges of the Afri-
can galley, which was loft at Pernicious Islands, the jour-
nal of that (liip will, perhaps, explain Roggewein's lon-
gitudes.

O F

OF THE

SALOMON ISLANDS.

NOT only our writers, but the Spaniards themfelves,
have committed great errors in re-capitulating the difco-
Veries of thefe iflands : it is, therefore, requifite to treat the
fubje(St with the utmofl attention, in order to avoid the confufion
and perplexity which has been introduced from the want of a
cautious examination of authorities.

De Bry, in his map publiflied at Frankfort, in 1596, the
very year Mend ana's fliip arrived at Manila, and confe-
quently, without any information from that voyage, defcribcs
the Salomon Islands : a minute examination of this map w^ill
evince that thefe iflands are what we now call New-Britain,
whereof Dampier gives a map. The comparifon of this map
with De Bry's convinced me many years ago of the point here
alledged -, and in the accompanying map I have exprefled my
idea of them : it may be, therefore, neceflary to explain how it
was conftruded. Firft a copy was made of Dampier ; De Bry
was then examined, and as cape St. George and cape St.
Mary were diftinguifliable points, the ifland St. Jago was
eafily determined : it cannot fail of ftriking every one how great
the fimilitude is in the two maps from cape St. Mary round
cape St. George. Dampier's low land, northward of cape
St. Mary's, pointed out the next channel : Slinger's bay is
obvioufly another; Dampier defcribes it thus. ** We got
within the mouth of the bay, and founded feveral times, but
had no ground, though within a mile of the fliore, the bafon
of the bay w?.s above two miles within us, in which we
might have gone j but as I was not allured of anchorage there,

*« Co

g o

? .

1 ;i-- d

f ^^^•^^<,,

c:i.

>.v':5.

OF THE SALOMON ISLANDS.

" fo thought it not prudent to run in at this time, it being near
" night, and feeing a black tornado riiing in the weft." This
defcription feems to intimate that the lands overlap ; but the
depth implies that it was a ftrait ; the iflands on each fide of it
are laid down in De Bry, but without names ; they are the Ra-
mos, and St. Juan of Herrera. The low iflands, to the
northward of the largeft of thefe, are denoted by Dampier,
and poflibly may be what De Bry places to the eaftward of
Isabella; however thefe iflots cannot be expedled to be mi-
nutely defcribed in either. St. John's ifland of Dampier has
no place in De Brv t Awr. Cave's illands arc defcribed as one
only, nearly in the fituation given to them by Dampier j his
long namelefs ifland is Malarta de Aguada of De Bry, and
Malaita of liiiRRERA; Wishart's ifland is, I conceive, the
Atreguada of Herrera ; it is without name in De Bry : and
that without name in Dampier, to the northward of Wish art,
is called by De Bry,Nombre de Jesus. Cape Salomaswer of
Dampier feems to be the round ifland of De Bry to the
northward of Isabella. Sc^ually ifland, &c. have no place
in De Bry.

The fouthern part of the iflands is to be found in Dampier
only ; his two iflands near cape St. George are probably St a.
Catalina, and Sta. Anna, of Herrera. The channel
called St. George's by Dampier, he defcribes thus, ** The
" land from cape St. George trends W. N. W. lo leagues,
«* which is as far as we could fee it, and between it and ano-
ther point to the weftward, about lo leagues diftant, there
runs in a deep bay ; for 20 leagues or more we faw fome fpots
like iflands down in that bay at a great diftance, but whether
they are iflands, or the main clofing there, we know not."
Thefe fpots, I conceive, are hills on the ifland northward of

D St.

OF THE SALOMON ISLANDS.

5| ?i'

St. Jago. St. Jago appears in Herrera's defcription to be
what De Bry calls Christoval, & vice ver/a.

The ifland Isabella, north fide of Dagoa, as De Bry
calls it, &c. are from De Bry. The fmall iflands Tres Ma-
rias of Herrera arc probably theeaftern three adjoining to the
long namelefs ifland of Dampier, or Malaita of Herrera.

St. Juan of Herrera lies between Atreguada and St.
Jago, as he names it, or Christoval of De Bry, which
correfponds, as before-mentioned, to the ifland on the fouth fide,
of Slinger's BAY j that on the north fide is the Ramos of
Hkrrera, which, agiccdblc to hit. defcription, lies eaft from
Isabella. Between them he places three iflands, Buena-
Vista, St. Dimas, and Florida which I prefume are the;
three iflands laid down in De Bry, though, according to
Herrera they are confiderably larger than here deferibed.

St. Mark, Aracifes, and Geronimo correfpond to Her-
rera's defcription,^ and are parts of what De Bry calls Dagoa.,
It is very poflible they may be divided by channels into feveral.
iflands; port Montague maybe one channel, and De Bry
lays down an inlet, which falls between the S. cape and cape
Anne of Dampier^

St. Mark and St. Nicolas are probabljrtwo diftindl:iflands>
and alfo St. George and Borbi other two ; thefe laft, I ima-
gine, are the two to the fouthward of Isabella.

Guadalcanal is S. W. from hence, according toHERRERA,
and whether we underfl:and the computation to be from Isa-
bella or Geronimo, it proves this land to be New-Guinea.
Lopez Vaz fays, they coafled Guadalcanal 150 leagues
(which is 514 miles), to 18 deg. S.-*; but it does not appear
that he is precife enough for us to judge of the extent of this

* Probably an error of the prefs for 15 deg. S.

country

OF THE SALOMON ISLANDS.

country from his report i nor does he inform us from what
point this diilance is to be reckoned.

Herrera's map, the work of fome bungling geographer, is
entirely diflbnant to his defcription j he fays St. Mark, and
St. Nicolas are to the S. E. of Isabella; the map places them
to the S. W. with Aracifes between them: Herrera's
defcription places St. Geronimo, and not St. Mark, to the
weftward of Aracifes. Guadalcanal is to the S. and S. E.
of Isabella, by the map j but by the defcription S. W. Thefe
inftances are enough to fhew no attention is due to Herrera's
map.

All the printed accounts of the Spanifli difcoveries in this
quarter before 1595, are confufed and inconfiftent ; this is
owing to our not having the original journals of the navi-
gators employed in thefe expeditions. Thus, though it will
be found no difficult matter to trace Herrera in the plan,
the fize he gives of all the iflands is vaftly greater than what
Dampier's obfervations confine us to. Herrera's latitudes, as
well as De Bry's, exceed the truth by many degrees, Isa-
bella being placed by them between 8 and 9 deg. S. inflead of
4 deg. to 5 deg. S. This error in the latitude has been the great
fource of the confufion we meet with, and has prevented it from
being obferved,'that the Salomon iflands, difcovered in 1567, are,
in fadt, New-Britain, as a duecomparifonof De BRv'smap,
and Herrera's defcription with Dampier will plainly evince.
The fituation of thefe iflands at the extremity of New-Guinea,
one would have imagined, pointed this fadt too clearly to have
been overlooked by |^^(5>g'; *»herSf but Danville has not com-
prehended this part in his map of Asia, and there is no other
mod * » who deferves the name.

Not only De Brv's, but all the o/d maps, call the Affem-
blage of Iflands adjoining to this part of New-Guinea, the

D 2 Salo-

OF THE SALOMON ISLANDS.

Salomon iflands,and it is the t)2odern maps only which appro-
priate this name to idands in the middle of the ocean. Orte-
Lius's maps, 1587, and 1589, lay them down at the termina-
tion of Niiw-GuiNiiA, from i deg. to 1 1 deg. S. lat. The ex-
tent eaftward is protradled beyond all meafure, comprehending
20 deg. of longitude. The two draughts do not agree, and
both feem to be laid down at random : of all the ancient charts,
De Bry's feems to be the beft and moft explanatory.

HERRERAwillhelp to confirm the pofition,**thattheSALOMON
illands are New-Britain : " for after giving a detail of the coaft
of New-Guinea, the firft point whereof he places looleagues
(5 deg. 28 min.) E. a Jilolo, in little more than i deg. S. he
fays it extends from hence eaftward to the latitude of 5 deg. or 6
deg. S. about 300 leagues (1028 min. = 17 deg. 8 min.) which
agrees exadly to Dampier's map ; for cape Good Hope be-
ing 3 deg. to the E. of Jilolo, and St. John's by Dampier
19 deg. 30 min. from cape Good Hope, places St. John's 22
deg. 30 min. from Jilolo j and by Herrera, the extreme be-
ing 17 deg. 8 min. from Primera Punta, which is 5 deg.
28 min. from Jilclo, the fum 22 deg. 36 min. is the fituation
of the extreme from Jilolo.

Although De Bry defcribes Dagoa as an illand, it was
afterwards fuppofed to be part of New-Gitinea ; and although
it was probably known in the firft voyage to be feparated from
New-Guinea, the little precifion in the reports we have of
thafvoyage, makes it not wonderful a contrary opinion fliould
gain ground, till Dampier put the matter out of doubt by fail-
ing between them. A circumftance he mentions is of great ufe
in tracing the fource of this ill-grounded opinion, which is to
be found in many maps. Some years ago I faw a Spanifh MS.
chart, with Quiros's track on this coaft j I had at that
time fcarce ability, and no opportunity, to examine it mi-

2 nutely

OF THE SALOMON ISLANDS.

((

t«

nutely ; this chart laid down what we call New-Britain as a
continued land joining to the main of New-Guinea, and form-
ing a deep elbow on the north ; it continued the coaft much
farther fouthward, than Dampiek places New-Britain, but
although Dampier has omitted it in his chart, he faw land to
the fouthward, being off St. George's bay, he fays, " we
faw other land to the S. E. of the wefternmoft point, which
till then was clouded ; it was very high land, and the fame
we faw the day before that difappeared in a cloud when
a- b re aft of cape St. Geoboe, the weftern point bearing W.
" by S. 1- S. and the diftant land S. W. by S. 12, or 14 leagues."
This land is propably the high ifland adjoining to Bultig, in
the Geelvink's voyage ; and thefe iflands probably led the
Spaniards into the error of defcribing it as a continued coaft.

It has been obferved, Herrera places Primera Punta, on
New-Guinea, in i deg. S. lat. 5 f E. of Jilolo : to underftand
this it will be neceffary to refer to the ancient charts, wherein
Primera Punta is placed on the eaft fide of aftrait dividing
New-Guinea from the iflands to the weftward, which in gene-
ral went under the name of Papua : in this ftrait lies a large
ifland, called Meneses ifland, from D. Jorge de Meneses,
who wintered fomewhere to thenorthwardof it in 1527. Thefe
maps call the large ifland of Papua, which forms the ftrait on
the weft fide, 9EIRAM, though it is probable this is divided into
feveral by channels, as is reported in the firft difcovery by the
Portuguese, in 151 1.-— Having determined w/mt and iv/iere
the Salomon iflands are, it would be foreign to the fubjed: to
enter into a detail of the reports concerning them and the other
parts of Papua.

>9>

««

ages

Grijal
lado

e "

•o

1"?

(1^

€

•s

CO*

2
^

»/s

»o

»n

t I

5i i

• »^

•a
a
(«

'-* (5 P

ACCOUNT

OF SOME

NATURAL CURIOSITIES

;ii'.."i

A T

S O O L O O.

AS there is little probability that I fliall have either leifurc
or opportunity to publiHi the obfervations I made in my
late voyages, I thought the following curfory remarks of the
natural curiofities at Sooloo, would be an acceptable commu-
nication to the Public. I have not the qualifications of a natu-
ralift, either of drawing or fcience, but the fingularity ^of the
fubjedts will entitle thefe remarks to attention, and they may
have their ufe, in Simulating others to more accurate and fci-
entific defcriptions of the curiofities here mentioned.

ACCOUNT of the SOOLOO PEARL FISHERY.

Tp H E Pearl Fifhery at Sooloo is fcarce any where to be fur-
pafled, whether we confider the great extent of the banks,
or the fine colour of the pearls j the Pearl-Fifhery is a fubjeft not
very diftindlly treated by authors, and, in general, little under*-
ftood : what is hereafter related is chiefly from perfonal obfer-
vation, and I have taken care to be well informed in what is
mentioned on report.

I fhall divide what is faid on this fubjeft under three confi-
derations: — the oyjfers, &c. in which the pearls are produced, the

B PangloO'

a- NATURAL CURIOSITIES

Pangholoorookt or divers, who find them, and the places where
they are found.

The pearl itfelf is a gem fo well known, that it would be im-
pertinent to attempt a defcription of it, and its recefs in the bo-
fom of the abyfs prevents any rational inquifition into its
formation.

However, not to be entirely £lent on this head, the mott
common opinions may be flightly mentioned.

1. The Arabian fable, that the pearl is a drop of rain. This,
fantaftic opinion is adopted by Sultan Allamodin, from a ftrong
prejudice in favour of the Arabian authors ; and, in confirma-
tion of it, he pretends, that during rain the Heepye are fre-
quently feen at the furface j the divers pretend this happened
aniiently^ but does not now: that alone is fufficicnt to over-
throw the confirmation brought to fupport the Arabian fable.

2. The opinion that it is a difeafe in the fifli. This con-
jedure feesms to have as little foundation as the Arabian hypo-
thefis, for the pearls are frequently found ia the ihell, fome-
timcs entirely concealed in it, and even fometimes, it is faido,
iiX the outer part : the opinion of the Sultan, that the pcarh
grow, and, when they get rid of the fheH, are fwallowcd Irp^ the
fifh, is, at leaft, equally dubious.

3. Nor is the conje<3:ure that the pearls are only detacl*Bd,
drops of the fubftance which forms the (hell, better war-
ranted : the fhjell and pearls are very different in. appear-
ance, and the Jail are always defedtive, when, united with the
former.

The moil probable fentiment, therefore, feeras to be, that
the pearl is one of the perfed produdions of nature,, rather than
an abortion of the lefs perfe(ft.

The pearls receive different denominatiqns from thepart of the
Teepye whei'ein they are found, thofe in the fifli are called Mootya

Tack-

AT SOOLOO.

Tack'T^ack ; when inclofed in the fhcll, without adhering to it,
Mootya Leeboon: of this kind Sultan Badarodin, father to
the prefent Sultan, once got a fliell, containing in one hole,
twelve pearls ; fome pretty large and well fhaped, but this is
very rare : the pearls adhering to the {hell are named
Pearls found in the exterior rim are yellowifti, even the fliell
there having a tint from the brown part without it : thofe found
in the part of the oyfter, adhering to the fliell, are always
very ill fliaped : the beft pearls are found in the white part of
the oyfter, or in the head of the fliell, near the joint, where
it is of the evenefl: furface, and beft colour. The. fame holds
good with other parts ; for although the pearl in the fifli are
generally the beft, the degrees of perfeftion of thofe found in
the different parts of the fliell, correfpond to thofe of the
different parts of the fifti.

The fhell-fifli from whence the Sooloos obtain pearls, are of
different kinds, but the Teepye is the chief.

The proper Teepye are of various fizes, though feldom lefs
than 8, or more than 12 inches in diameter. Theoutlide is a
rough white coat, commonly encrufted with coral, fea plants,
znA Jhell-Jijh '. fometimes they have young Teepje adhering by a
beard of green hair. The inlide of the Teepye fliells is of afmooth
lucid furface, having an infinite variety of colours, as expofed
to different lights ; it is much ufed by the Chinefe, not only in
inlayed works, but for counters, and other toys, chafed dreffing-
boxes, &c. as well as for making falfc pearl, which are no-
thing but fmall beads of this fhell. It is on this account a va-
luable article of commerce ; fo that the fiflicry, exclufive of the
pearls, is an obje<ft of very confidcrable importance. The ex-
terior rim of thefe (hells is of an olive brown, about two inches
extent nearly in all fliells, the fmall ones having a much greater
proportion than the large j it is thin and brittle, fo that they

B 2 are

NATURAL CURIOSITIES'

are confiderably diminiflied in weight by this being broke ofF,
but the valuable part of the fhell is not liable to injury from-
common accidents, though the Teepye are much heavier when
firfl: gathered, than afterwards ; lofing in their weight by de-
grees, till they are perfedly dry : very foon after they are taken
up, the ftiells open a little, but it is very difficult to tear the two
fhells afunder, without cutting the oyfter.

It is faid the Chinefe grind off the outer coat, and then the
fmooth body is free from all impurities j it is difpofed in lamina,,
and has, from nature, a perfect polifh on the outfide, after
taking off the coat, though within there are frequently ex-
crefcences and inequalities.

The Teepye yield the beft pearl's, but, perhaps, not one of
A thoufand ihells have any pearls at all ; on the other hand, fe»
veral are frequently found in the fame (hell. Although the
Teepye have more rarely pearls, than any oxhtt pearl-oyjers, what
they have are generally larger : this is the reafon why large
pearls are more common, and fmall lefs frequent in theSooloo
filhery than in others, as the Sooloos only fifli for the Teepye.

The great variety in the pearl is, perhaps, as great a curiofity
as the gem itfelf : fome of the Teepye pearls are jet black j
thefe, when confiderable in iize, are very rare. There is a.
pearl at Sooloo, exadly of the fliape and figure of a bit of gin-
ger-root, of a very lucid, though yellowifh, colour : others re-
femble the cat's-eye in tiie playing light, which is fometimes in.
a fpiral line.

Here, perhaps,^ it ought to be obferved, that the Sooloos.
have the art of improving pearls ; though this is contradidory
to the criterion generally alledged of pearls. All foulnefs
they take away with great facility by a very fimple procefs.

The Teepye feem, in fome meafure, gregarious, for gene-
rally where the divers find any, there arefeveral: this is pro-
bably

•■"1

A T

S O O L O O.

bably owing to the fpawn being lodged together. The gene-
ration of all teflaceous animals, is one of the arcana of nature,
which remain hitherto uninveftigated, though none can afford
a fairer prolpedt of a fuccefsful difquifition, than the largis
fhell-iifh found in the Sooloo fea».

It is remarkable every Teepye has two fmall hbjiers in its
body, evidently male and female : fome, it is faid,. contain four
lobfters, but. I have not obferved more than two^ and feveral
of the divers have aflured me they never faw more. The fe-
male is about an inch in length, the male is rather lefs -, each
has two large claws: in the female thefe claws are little different
from each other j in the male, one is much larger than the
other : fometimes the right, fometimes the left. The bodies of
thofe lobfters ace very beautiful, being tranfparent, with many
red fpots. The female has alfo white fpots, and it is the mod
fpotted : fome of the females have fmaller fpots than others,
and thefe, having moft in number, are the darkeft. The eyes
are placed near the extremity,, one on each iide ; the eyes of
the female are of a pearl colour j of the male, tranfparent : both
have a bunch of horns at the extremity of the head. Their
bodies are contraded about the middle; that of the female in-
creaCes much from thence, fo that the lower part of the body is
larger than the upper j that of the male very little, and. termi-
nates in a tail like a lobfter : the female has a tail alfo, but
ihort, extending abruptly from the body, not defcending gra-
dually as that of the male. The female has a red fubflance
within its body of this figure \/^, the upper part blackifh:
the male has a black fpot not very regular in figure tQ> (^ , andl
of lefs extent. The female has under the tail and belly, many
cggsj thefe examined in a microfcope, appeared to be Teepye
fliells, and fome red fpots were alfo vifible, which maybe the

lobilerSf^

NATURAL CURIOSITIES

lobfters, or, perhaps, of the outer rim of the oyfter, which iia
fome is orange-coloured.

There is from hence room to conjeiVure ihzt Jhell-Jlflj in ge-
neral are generated by fuch lobjierst for the feveral fpecies com-
mon in the Sooloo feas, as Manangcyy Teefye Bafo, Capees,
Beehngy Bincongt Seedap^ &c. I have been afTured always have two
Jabjiers, though every fpecies of Jhell-Jijh has a diftind fpecies
of the lobjiers. It was obvious to all the Sooloos, who faw
the t^^ of the Teepye lohjier, that it was a proper Teepye ; and
they were from thence convinced, that thefe fifli are generated in
this manner. The Sultan on this occafion mentioned a fable
they have amongft them. A monkey fitting very penfivc on the
fliore, with his arms crofTed, as they often do, being afked
what was was the matter ? Replied, " He was confidering hovr
thy Maw^y/Tgry arc produced."

fiefides the 7eepye there are many kinds oijhell-jtfh from
whence the Sooloos obtain ^tfr/i.

Teepye Bato. They are found about Sooloo» at Balam-

BANGAN, and fome of the adjoining iflands : they arc

generally fmaller than the Teepye^ they are found amongft

rocks i from whence its name : the fbell is of a blueifh

caft, and the rim black : it yields vccy fine pearls, but

rarely are any found in thefe fhells.

Capees. Thefe feem to be the Perfia peart-»^Jler, and are

little different from the Teepye, but in fize ; they are only

about four inches in diameter, they are alfo deeper in prow

portion, that is one fhell, for the other is almofl quite

flat. Few are withoi!C pearls, mofl have feveral, which,

in general are perfectly round, though commonly fmall.

The colour is different from the Teepye pearls ; generally

they are of a fire colour, not yellow, but of a vivid

tranfparency. Amongft a parcel brought to Sooloo by

fome

.. ■r*.^">'^i..'i-: V .^

A T

S O O L O O.

Ibme Buguefe from Malloodoo, in 1764, there was
one Capees pearl, of a very fine Whitewater, round, and
prcttty large, but fuch are very rare : in the fame parcel
there was above fixty fire-coloured, perfectly round, and
extremely fine, though moftly from i to 7 1 grains
weight.

Some afcribe the colour of the Capees pearls to the
Hiuddinefs of the bottom : others to the fhallownefs of
the water : it is more probable that it is the nature of the
CapeeSy than occafioned by either, for the people of
Malloodoo bay, where they are in great plenty, aflured;
me dieyare chiefly found in the fand.

The Capees are net common to all parts of the Sooloo-
feas, as the other kinds of fifli, but are confined chiefly
to Malloodoo bay, though they are found alfo at Am-
BONG, and it is faidin fome parts of Tiroon. AiMal-^
LOO'000 the Capees are not got as the Teepye at Sooloo, by
divers, but at low water by the women,,who, it is faid, look.
tfter them more for the fake of the fifh than pearl : they
are found chiiefly in the fand, which is full of them, and
thoie found in fand have many peads. They feek for
ihem from the depth of a man's middle to breafi; under
water, though they have them alfo, ev€n in fo deep wa-
ter as fix fathom.

The Sysejip is what is conunonly called the pearl-oyfter,
whereof the windows are made : they yield alfo many,
pearls, but of an inferior quality. Thefe (hells are com-
mon over almoft the whole Sooloo feas.

Beelong,. in figure, fomewhat refembles the Syfeep: it is
a purplijQi (hell, of very little capacity; frequently
diftortcd like a thin cake by the heat of an oven j the
young fhell^ are very tranfparent, and of a beautiful con-

a texture,.

.'"'*

NATURAL CURIOSITIES

texture, in fret-work filaments; but the old have a
rough vvhitifli coat without. It is not be doubted thefe
lliells might alfo be put to fome ufe. The fifli of this,
as well as of the other kinds, is good food; but the pearls
are very fmall, commonly of a bad (hape, and ill colour,
though I have fcen fome round ones of a lead colour,
tiken from thefe fhells, which are common in all parts
of the Sooloo feas.

BiNCONG is a fpecies of mufcle, within of a blueifli colour,
iiat, and fhaped fomething like a pick-axe. It is found
amongfl the iflands of Sooloo, Balambangan, &c.

See DAP is alfo a fpecies of mufcle, fhaped like a battle-axe.
The pearls from it are as fine as thofe of the l^eepye,
and are frequently found. The Hiell is blackifh like a
mufcle on the outfide, and within like the Teepye \i\\}n.
a yellowiih tinj;e-

Manangcy, otKeema, called fl«w^tf by the Chinefe, is a
ihell-fifh, generally denominated cockles by our voy-
agers : they are common in many parts of India, and
are, without queftion, what Dampier defcribes in his
New-Guinea expedition. Some of them are of an
amazing magnitude; it is faid on the weft coaft oi Suma-
tra they have been found fo large as to contain fifty gal-
lons in the two fhells. I brought to England a pair
fiincd at Balambangan, each of which meafured 2 feet
8 inches. Some Sooloos pretend to have feen them infinitely
larger, particularly one in the fea, near the weftern part of
Tavitavee, of an incredible magnitude. There is un-
doubtedly fomething there that refembles a Manangcy y but
the extraordinary fize inclines me to imagine it .is a rock
in this figure, though the divers infift it is a Manangcy,
However thefe fhells feldom exceed four feet long.

Thefe

AT SOOLOO.

Thefe (hells are fcalloped ; the interior part of a perfect

milk white, and finely poliflied, but without it is rough,

like a cockle-fhell. The (hell does not lye flat on the

on the ground like the Teepe^ but fl:ands on-edge. The

filh is very fingularj the lips, which are fometimes brown,

fometimes green, appearing to be full of eyes, when the

fhell is opened ; the fifli is much efteemed by the Chinefe,

and has the advantage over the fea-Jlug in keeping

a long time when dried. They abound in many places

of the SooLOo diftri<fts, particularly about the iflands

at the northern point of Borneo. The Sooloos make

lime of the fhell, which they eat with their beetles

but it is very hot, and therefore not fo much efteemed as

the lime made of coralines. The large ones, in general,

yield pearls very various in appearance ; the moft beautiful

of them I have ever feen of that fize is Lord Pigot's,

which weighs 8 dwt. 17 grs. and is t2- of an inch long,

and 41 of an inch in diameter.

Lord PiGOT had one of the Manangcy pearl fawed through

the middle j it was very dull, and indeed quite opake on the

outfide, but in the centre was found one of the cat's-eye kind,

about the fize of a pea; it is, therefore, probable all the

Manangcy pearls have fuch a centre.

It is no eafy matter to diftinguifh the proper names for the
diflferent fpecies of (hell-fifh at Sooloo, fcarce any two perfons
agreeing in the application of the fame name. The Teepye,
Teepye Bate, Capees, and Manangcy are known by all, but the
names of the others are lefs determinate j and, therefore, tho*
the names have been applied from what appeared the befl autho-
rity, it is far from being maintained that they are right : at the
fame time fome perfons, exprefling them otherwife, does not
(hew the names here given them to be wrong.

C It

i
i

10 NATURAL CURIOSITIES

It is, perhaps, impofliblc to account for the origin of pearls:
many bodies in the Sooloo diftridts, befides the fliell-fifli above-
mentioned, yield them. It is hard to fay, whether this Angu-
larity be owing to the water, to the air, or to what ; but I have
been informed of twenty fpecies of pearl, befides the con-
cretions in beads, which pafs under the general denomination
o( goolegay and are of various kinds and appearances. Thefe con-
cretions are not confined to tejlaceous animals j 'vegetables^ &c.
have them alfo: that found in the heetle-nut is extremely beau-
tiful ; but that from the tilla-tillay a fea-bird, is reported ti>
furpafs all the others, being finely painted. Some have a re-
femblance to the cat's-eye.

The feveral concretions which the Sooloos reckon under the
denomination of pearls, are

MooTYA Teepye.

Teepye Bato, /. e. Rock Teepye*

Capees»

Syseep.

Beelong.

Seedap.

BiNCONG*

Laseen..

Manang-cy.

Gam AT, a fpecies oifea-Jlug, or 5echa de Mar;

Kaitan, Shark.

TiLLA-TiLLA, a fca-bird.

Bonbon, in the froth of the fea.

Sannam, /. e, ant-pearl; this feems to be a mineral.

Bato, ftone*

OoLAN, /, e. rain-pearii

Cahoe, wood-pearl,

Candees,

AT SOOLOO.

Candees, jeflaminc-pearl.
BooNGA, beetle-nut-pearl.
BooA, coconut-pearl.

The greateft part of the divers are flaves to the Sultan, &c.
They are entitled to their freedom in confideration of their find-
ing a very large pearl for their mafters, who alfo receive all
weighing above four choochook ♦. Formerly the ftandard was
fix or eight, but now the Lords have reduced the privilege of
the divers, though it is but feldom they deliver any pearls
without receiving a compenfatlon. All pearls under four choo-
chook belong to the finder.

No perfon can receive or purchafe a pearl due to the Lord
from his vaffal, without fubjedting himfelf to lofe the pearl and
money given for it : this is the fource of infinite difputes. To
evade the right of the Lord, the Pangloohorooks frequently rub
off the outer coats of the pearl, till they reduce them to the fize
to which they are entitled.

The beft divers are thofe of Parang andMvMBOoM, called
Samar-Lipit, and of Seekooboom : antiently Simonor was
famous for divers, but is not now. At other places there may
be here and there fome expert divers, but in general they are
inferior to thofe above-mentioned. At Samar Laut, which
comprehends the iflands to the N. E. of Sooloo, they have
introduced the ufe of the pality and have almoft relinquifhed
diving.

The divers never ufe any expedient to facilitate their conti-
nuing under water, but drawing up their breath in the hollow
of their hands ; and even this fcarce ever is pradtifed by profefled
divers, who commonly go down in the depths of 7 or 8, to 12
or 15 fithom; but though a few can dive in 20 fathom, that is

* About I Pennyweight,
C 2

too

13 NATURAL CURIOSITIES

too great a depth for the fifliery. They fwim to the bottom,
tumbling when they Hrfl plunge into the water, and then making
long ftrokes, get out of fight in three or four. They rife a con-
fiderable diftance from the place where they go down, but this
didance is merely accidental, from the direction they go along
the bottom, their fortune in finding (hells, and the time the
diver continues under water ; they generally remain from one to
two minutes, but in warm funfhine they can flay, perhaps,
longer. There is one, now an old man, his name Bantara«
who cut down the main-mafl: of a large Chinefe junk under
water, though this was not at once diving ; the time of his
continuance under water, he defcribed to me to be ** fo long
as is required to make a difh of chocola,te." But he is reckoned
the b^fl diver that ever was at Sooloo.

The fame efied attends the firfl attempt here as in other
places : and even profefTed divers have, after diving, their eyes
much inflamed ; in fome this goes off, but in others it always
lemains. Many are deflroyed by the fifhes, particularly by the
jharks, and poggyes, or fea-devilst which are common here in
calm weather. It is difficult to defcribe thefe monflers, fome
of which equal a fmall boat in fize, and are often feen in mofl
parts of the Sooloo feas. It is faid the befl time for diving is
the night, when the luminous appearance of the water frightens
away the fifh ; but then the divers cannot fee. The Pangloo*
Joorook do not chufe to open the fhells, till they have finifhed
their days fifhing, from a fuperftitious notion that the Teepye,
on knowing their fellows are killed, will hide themfelves.

Some of the pearl- fifhers make ufe of a kind of creeper, which
they call palit, in fifhing for the Teepye. Some alfo have in-
flruments to tear them from the ground, but mofl do this with
their hands only.

A boat.

AT S O O L O ,0.

A boat, with two or three perfons will, in a day, get about
40 or 50 ihcUs, fometimcs even 100, and fometimes fcarcc
any. In calm weather they have beft fuccefs, as they can
then fee the Tcepye on the fand before they dive ; but at other
times, or in deep water, they muft depend much on chance.

There are two proper fcafons for the fifhery, three months at
the termination of the S. W. and four months at the expiration
of the N. E. winds. Thefe feafons alter according to the conti-
nuance of the monfoons ; but in general the firft may be reck-
oned from the middle September, to the middle of December ;
and the laft contains February, March, April, and May. But
at Tavitavee, furrounded with an infinity of fhoals, and at
fuch like places they can fiih at all times, except when the
current is very ftrong : this objedlion, the want of water, and
diftance from Sooloo, make the Peel as bank almoH; ufdefs to
them.

The pearl banks feem inexhauftible, not only as no dimi-
nution is found in the quantity by fiihing, but as they extend
almoft over the whole Sooloo dominions, particularly from
Sanoboy to Tavitavee, a track with little interruption, about
150 miles long, and, in fome places, full half that in breadth.
However, thefe banks are in many parts too deep for diving,
though the Panglooloorook are excellent in their profeffion.
The Teepye are found alfo at Maratua, above 200 miles to
the fouthward of Tavitavee ; at Balabac, about 200 to
the weflward, and in many of the intermediate places. Indeed
it is imagined, by the mod intelligent Sooloos, that Palawan,
&c. have Teepye banks, but from the want of divers, they re-
main unexamined.

There are many places where pearls are feldom found in the
Teepye^ and others where they are more frequent, as particu-
larly Teomabalj however, this feems to be an opinion not
ftri<aiy juft, and to arife from the greater plenty of Teepye in

fome

»3

NATURAL CURIOSITIES

fomc places than in others, particularly at Teomabal they are
in very great plenty, but of 1540 Teepye caught by the prefent
Sultan (Allamodin) at a fifliing party there, he did not get the
value of one dollar in pearls. Perhaps in deep w ater there may
be a greater number of pearls, in proportion to the Teepye, but
then the dirficulty of getting the fhells is fo much greater. No
place in the Sooloo feas equals Peelas, and the iflands adjoin-
ing to Sangbov ; the water is not deep, generally from feven
to eight fathom, and the fliclls fo large, that the white part of
fonie is a foot in diameter; of thefe fourteen weigh a pecul j
of what are found about Sooloo generally 40 or 50. Tacoot
Pabanoowan has alfo great plenty of fine TeepyCy but there
they find many Iharks. The Peelas fifliery has two inconve-
niencies, one is the diftance from Sooloo and the inhabited
iflands ; the other the ftrong tides, which greatly impede their
fuccefs.

Antiently the pearl banks were confidered as family poflefli-
ons, but fince the univerfal admiflion of the Mahometan Law,
the fta being deemed incapable of fuch a proprietary, the banks
are free to all perfons, even ftrangers.

Edible birds-
nelh

Th-i Edible Birds-nest is no where -jund in greater abun-
dar.ce or excellence than in fome of the Sooloo diftri(^s.
Various accounts have been given of its formation ; fome pre-
tend very po^tively that on the coaft of Cochin China the birds
have been pt: :,iived to pick up a particular fpecies 0^ fea-fmke,
common on that coaft, from which they form the fubflance at
prefent under confidcration. I have indeed feen the rjcjls on
this coaft, and even with the broken egg-Hiells in them ; but
I never faw any fuch fnakes there, though I was on the coal't of
Cochin China from the beginning of June, to the end of
Auguft, 1760. Snakes are indeed common in the feas around

Sooloo,

AT SOOLOO.

SooLOO, wherever there are foundings : fome report thefe nefts
to be formed of a vegetable production, which is moft probably
the agal-agal hereafter mentioned. The natives of SooLoo can
give no account of the compofition of the birds-nejl j paffing,
therefore, over the origin of thefe nefts for the future difqui>-
iition of the naturalift, it is to be obferved :

The bird to which the neft belongs very much refembles a
martin, though fmaller : it is alledged, with feeming good
reafon, that there are three fpecies of this fwalloiv, having
white, red, and black breafts, and that they communicate to
their nefts the nature of their feathers.

The TiRooN diftridts, on the eaft coaft of Borneo, have
fcarce any but white; red is found at the iilands of Mantan-
NANE, adjoining to the N. W. coaft of Borneo, and the black,
almoft every where in the Sooloo dominions. The laft is very
much mixed with feathers, but feems in nothing elfe different
from the white ; but the other, even where clear from feathers,
has a tinge of red. If the nefts are not annually removed, the
birds make ufe of them again, fo that by age, and acceflion of
dirt, they lofe their whitenefs and purity.

The birds form their nefts chiefly in fubterraneous caves,
fome whereof are very difficult of accefs, particularly -^t Mag-
LooMBA, a fmall ifland, or rock, to the S. W. of Sooloo : the
perfjns who go in queft of the nefts, are obliged to dive under
water to eater it, the hole in the top of the ifland being too
fmall tc admit a man.

The nefts formed on the main, or on large iflands, fuch as
Borneo, are more efteemed by the Chinefc, who are the chief
admirers of this luxury, than what is got on fmall iflands. In.
general, the whiter it is, the higher the value ; but that from
the Sooloo dominions on Borneo, though notfo white as whiit
is found in the Calamianes, is more valuable by ? fourth;
■'*' part.;;

i6 NATURAL CURIOSITIES

part ; this preference is, by fome, afcribed to its fwelling much
in boiling; by others, to a faltnefs in the birds-neft found in

fmall iflands.

Thefe nefts are not eafily defcribed ; they are flat on the fide
towards the rock to which they are affixed 5 in general the out-
ward extremity is nearly femi-circular, bending upwards, how-
ever, fo as to form a hollow cup, as u receptacle for the eggs.
The neft is compofed of a glutinous fubflance, very compact,
diipofed in even filaments without, but within in very rugged
fretwork, fomewhat refembling the infide of bones, the com-
ponent threads, as they appear, being very unequal in fize.
Generally the part towards the rock is foul find moift, but the
exteriour part, when dry, is extremely brittle.

Ajgal-Agal.

Coralines and
Black-Coral.

The jigal-Agal is a fea plant ; there are feveral fpecies, all
difl!blvable in water, by which it is reduced to a glutinous
fubftance, like congee. The Chinefe ufe it for gumming their
filks and paper, and they fay nc thing equals it for pafte, as it is
not liable to be eat by vermin, fo that probably it may be ad-
vantageoufly applied in book-binding, and to many other ufes:
the Chinefe alfo eat it, and hold it in great eftimation. The Chi-
nefe, who are in nothing more remarkable than in their whim-
fical manufaiftures, make of it a very extraordinary kind of
lanterns ; they are formed of netted thread, wafhed over with
this gum, they are extremely light, and very tranfJDarent.

The Coralines of Sooloo are very various in kind, and it is
reported there are in the Sooloo feas fome extraordinary
coral-trees j I have feen fome fi:alks of black coral, above twelve
feet long, but the Sooloos mention others of very great mag-
nitude. A tree at Basseelan, one at Pooloo Gaya, on the
a N. W*.

AT SOOLOO.

N. W. fide of Borneo, and another at Tambaloolan, near
the north end, if confonant to the defcription, muft be very
fingulai' curiofities ; they pretend the laft is 20 or 30 feet high,
with many large branches. I have the handle of a crifs made
of black coralt v/hich is full i inch ^ broad.

There is a remarkable plant which grows wild at Soo- Tublce.
LOO, though it is cultivated at Basseelan and Tave-
TAVEE i I have never feen it grow, but it has been defcribedto
be a fmall bufli ; it is called T^ublee^ and has the quality of -
inebriating fifli by a milky juice. In the ftate in which it is
ufed, it refembles fmall black twigs tied together, and one or
both ends being beat, diving under water, they thruft it under
the coral rocks, or hollows, where the fifh haunt ; the efFedt
is moft fenfible in flill water, but even in the open fea 1 have
feen its effedts in inebriating the fifli, which prefently float on
the furface half dead, and fome even totally without life : the
uncultivated is not fo ftrong as that from Basseelan and
Tavee Tavee. The effeft alfo is confequent to circumftances
of place, as, in deep water, or where there is a free circulation,
the fifli will be often perceived under water to have lofl: their
poize, without being brought up to the furface. They are not
the leafl: obnoxious, or ill-tafl:ed, fr<>m this manner of catching.

Amongfl: the vegetables none appears to be more an ob- Ippoo.
jedl of curiofity than the Ippoo^ which is the tree from whence
the famous Borneon poifon is extraded ; but as I can fay
nothing from my own experience, or obfervation, I fliall
pafs it over. -

One of the mofl: Angular curiofities here is the Tindook ; Tindook.
this is a fpecies ofp/antane, and has its name from the fimilitude
the fruit bears in figure and fize to a buffaloi^ horn : it is well
known the trunk of the plantane-tree is formed of coats, whofe

D compo-

m-^ '^^n

^\^

Sago.

■f ■"

NATURAL CURIOSITIES

component parts are fine threads, the length of the tree, bound in
with a pu]py lubftance. They extra<a thefe threads, and having
aiTorted them according to thsir finenefs, they fabricate of them
a delicate cloth, refembling cambrick : it is exceeded by no-
thing in coolnefs, though it is always of a brownifh colour.
This manufafture is the work of the women, ^vho form the
loom of a few /licks, and fix the woof round their waifts.

There is one vegetable produdlion in the Sooloo dominions
of great confequence, though it is not confined to thefe parts j
I mean th^fago ; this fubftance is the pith of a tree, and is found
in almoft all the eaftern iflandsj it is colleded from feveral fpe-
cies of the palm, but that which yields the beft is called particu-
larly the fago-tree j ti. e leaves much refemble the coconut, but
are fhorter and ftiffer, fo that the tree has not the eafy graceful
figure of the coconut, neither does the tree grow fo high. No
place baL 2 greater abundance, or more eTiiz€)\t\\tfago-trees than
the coaft of Tiroon ; the land to the fea, I am aflured, is co-
vered with them,. and the natives, who entirely fubfift upon the
Jago, eating no grain, fupply the place of the numbers they
fell annually, by planting others in their ftead. The trees be-
ing cut down and fplit, the pith is beaten, till freed from the
ilringy fubftance of the treet^ and then it is ftrained with water
through a cloth : the fubftance left at bottom, is white, and
fomewhat clammy, refembling damp hair powder j in this ftate
the natives generally eat it ; but it cannot be long fo preferved,
for this reafon th-ey toaft it over the fire in pans, by which
operation it becomes granulated. That of Tiroon is in re-
markable fmall grains, ^z fago made on the N. W. coaft of
jpoRNFo is in very large.

There is a great variety of the palm-trees^ and feveral of them
yield a proportion oifagOy though neither in fuch plenty norfo^
good as the proper y^^o. Vegetables of every kind aie difficult

4 m

AT SOOLOO.

to be defcribed, and none more fo than the palms, I do not
mean to attempt a defcription of the feveral kinds oi painty but
as fome of them are of great importance, a few words in regard
to them may be excufed.

The Tuack, Gumatty^ or Cabo-Negro (Black Head) as it is
called by the Spaniards, not only yields Sifago, but a fubftance
the moft excellent for cables j this fubftance is known to few
who have not paffed the ftrait of Malacca, andftill to fewer
the manner in which it is got.

The Cabo-Negro exadlly refembles the coconut-tree in the
figure of its leaves and trunk, but the former are of a dead dark
green, in comparifon of the coconut leaves. The appearance
of the tree is ftill more different, for, like all other palms, it
(hoots out its leaves at top only, and as the tree grows up, flieds
the loweft. From the lower part, or ftalks of thefe leaves
(which form the bark of all palms) the gumatty flioots out on
both fides, like black hair, being in fad: nothing more than
the extenfion ofthefineft fibres, whereof the ftalks and ribs of
the leaves are compofed : thefe fibres bind the dead leaves around
the tree, fo that the trunk has a very odd appearance, being
confined in a rough black coat.

Thefe leaves being taken off from the tree are ftripped of the
hair, and, 'tis faid, the gumatty muft be beat to free it from
dirt, and then fpreac' in tiie fun ; two or three days after which,
the larger threads, being unfit for cordage, are picked out.

The gumatty is as black as jet, the hairs extremely ftrong,
and refemble the coir (which is the huik of the coconut) except
that they are finer, and longer than the fibres of the coir.
The fineft haiis make the beft cordage, which ought not to
be too hard laid.

The great advantage of this fubftance for cables, is its buoy-
ancy and elafticity j although thefe qualities are, in fome mea-
fure, common with the coirt yet the coir is extremly liable to

D % rot,

NATURAL CURIOSITIES

rot, whereas nothing can hurt the gumatty ; whence an opi-
nion prevails, that dirt nourifhes it. Cables of thefe fubflances
are, when dry, fo light, that they will float on the furface of
the water, and they have a very great fpring, which is a great
relief, as well to the cable as to the fhip. The Chinefe have a
fpecies Oi gimatty, which feems to differ only in colour from
that above dcfcribed, the Chinefe is brown ; the cables made
of it are extremely good, as I have found by experience, and
one of them would wear out three hempen cables.

The AneeboHy called by navigators the cabbage-tree, appears

to be almoft univerfal within the tropics. This tree has fome

refemblance to the coconut-tree in the leaves, which are not,

however, fo large or green as the coconut ; the ftem, or trunk

is much fmaller than the coconut, and grows vaftly higher in

proportion to its fize : they feldom grow fingle, but commonly

in clumps of three or four to ten or twelve in a cIuIlv* i they are

found chiefly in moift places. The tree, when full grown, is

very tall, and the outfide extremely hard ; indeed in the old

ones fcarce to be cut with a hatchet. This is ufed for rafters of

houfes, and it is faid will laft: fifty or fixty years ; when they are

dried, they are funk in fait water for about a month, to prevent

the worm getting into them ; the heart, as in all palms, is a

foft, fpongy fubftance, intermixed with hard fibres. The An-

neebon grows like the beetle-nut, or arecka-tree, in rims on the

outfide, gradually diminifliing in iize from the root to the top;

between thefe rims the tree is covered with prickles, of a black,

horny fubftance, as fharp as needles, fome of them three or four

inches long; the prickles alfo are fmaller towards the top of

the tree. From about ten or twelve feet above the root, till

neai-the top there are few or no prickles. At the top the leaves

grow out; the bottom part hard and prickly, encircling the

tret, fold within fold ; and this being flit down on one fide,

comes oiFv/hole with its leaf ; the infide, which is white and

finooth*

AT SOOLOO.

fmooth, will- bear to be written on, though it becomes brown,
when dried ; it is very tough, and if not cut all the way down,
remains in hoops, which bind very faft round the inner folds :
the outfide is full of prickles. The fruit grows in two clufters
below the leaves, one a berry about the fize of a black cherry j
on the outfide it is covered with a green hufk, which grows
black, when ripe, the infide is exadlly like the Areckka in ap-
pearance and tafte. The other duller is extremely fmall :
whether thefe fruit are of the different fexes or not, the natu-
raliil mufl decide. The lower leaves are fhed like all other
palms, and make the Anneebon clumps troublefome of accefs
from the many prickles.

The Rattan has a greater fimilitude to the Anneebon in leaf,
than it has to the coconut; at top Ihcot out two long horns full
of prickles j the Rattan is the root, and the leaves with the under
part, pr ftem, which is rough and prickly, mount up the ad-
joining trees, the Rattan running from one to another, up here,
down there, to a great length.

Befides various kinds of the Nepenthcsy fome whereof are very
beautiful, there are feveral other vegetable fountains, as they may
be called ; one is a kind of cane, pr rattan, about the thicknefs
of a man's wrift, it is named Toongal ; a piece of about a fa-
thom will give a fneaker of water, it is extremely pure and lim-
pid, without tafte.

Another is a creeper, named Bahanoompooly it is fomrtimes
larger than a man's leg, the back very rough, with deep fcores,
like the Scotch elm ; the water is gummy, but generally clear
and good : the creeper muft be cut above, or the water retires.
They are found in great plenty about the fjuth°rn harbour of
Balambangan J the leaves are acid, and are ufed in cnrrysy
&c. They are found even on the tops of the higheft hills> en-
tv/ined vvith the upper branches of the tree, and hanging down
from thence. Thole found in moift grouad. have moft v/atcr,
thofe in dry places very little,

A N

. :v

4 '

N Ct

A N
U

INTO THE

FORMATION op ISLANDS.

TH I S is a fubjedt not only curious in itfelf, but very
ufeful to a navigator ; I do not mean to examine into
the origin of iflands in general, but of the low flat iflands found
in the ocean. Moft of thofe hitherto difcovered in the vaft
South-Sea are of this nature.

Thefe iflands are formed by a narrow bank of land inclofing
the fea within it ; they have commonly, perhaps always, an
opening for the ingrefs of the tide ; this channel is generally
capable of receiving a canoe, and frequently fufficient to admit
even large veifels.

An obfervation of Abdul Roobin, a Sooloo pilot, " that
" all the iflands lying off the N. E. coafl: of Borneo had fhoals
" to the eafl:vvard of them," firfl: led me to deduce the origin
of fuch iflands as are here the fubjedt of difcuflion.

The iflands mentioned by Abdul Roobin having Borneo
adjoining to the wefl:ward of them, are not expofed to a violent
attack from the winds in that quarter; but there being an open
fea to the N. E. the winds from thence heap up the coral with
which thofe feas are filled.

It is wonderful to fee the coral banks in all the eaftern feas ;
thefe banks are found of all depths, at all diftances from fhore,
entirely unconnedled with the land, and detached from each
other : although it often happens they are divided by a narrow
gut without bottom.

I have feen thefe coral banks in all the flages ; fome in deep
water -, others with a few rocks appearing above the furfacc ;
fome juft: formed into iflands, without the leaft appearance of

vege-

>• t.;(

An enquiry into the FORMATION of ISLANDS.

vegetation ; others with a few weeds on the higheft part j and,
laftly, fuch af are covered with large timber, with a bottomlcfs
fea, at a piftol-ftiot diftance -, though I think in general they
are filled up in the centre when they have large timber.

After ftorms it is frequently obvious, that the force of the
waves has thrown up a bed of coral j this is, perhaps, at all
times imperceptibly efFedted, though only obvious after ftorms :
coral banks alfo grow by a quick increafe towards the furface ;
but the billows heaping up the coral from deeper water, chiefly
accelerate the formation of thefe into fhoals, and foon after into
iflands. The banks become gradually fliallower ; and when
once the fea meets with refiftance, the coral is quickly thrown
up by the force of the wave breaking againft the bank ; and
hence it is, that in the open fea there is fcarce an inftance of a
coral bank with fo little water as 3 fathom, but it is alfo fo
{hallow, that a boat would ground on it : the loofe coral rolled
inwards by the billows in large pieces will firft ground, and the
reflux being unable to carry them away, they become a bar to
coagulate the fand, always found intermixed with coral, which
fand, being eafieft raifed, will be lodged a- top; When the
fand-bank is raifed by violent ftorms beyond the reach of com-
mon waves, it becomes a refting-place to vagrant birds, whom
^e fearch of prey draws thither. The dung, feathers, &c.
increafe the foil, and prepare it for the reception of accidental
roots, branches and feed, caft up by the waves, or brought
thither by birds. Thus iflands are formed j the leaves and
rotten branches, intermixing with the fand, form in time a
light black mould, of which in general thefe iflands confift,
more fandy aslefs woody,, and. when full of large trees, with a
greater proportion of mould.

Cocoa-nuts continuing long in the fea, without lofing their
vegetative powers,, are commonly to be found in fuch iflands,.

partis

i I

lill

li^ An enquiry into the FORMATION of ISLANDS.

particularly as they arc adapted to all foils, whether fandy, rich,
or rocky. . ' • -%; i ' 4 ' " •

Tlic violejicc of the waves within the tropics muft generally
be diredtcd to two points, according to the monfoons. «

Hence the iflands formed from coral banks muft: be long and
narrow, and lie nearly in a meridional dire<flion : for even fup-
poiing the banks to be round, as they feldom arc when large, tho
fea meeting moft refi (lance in the middle, muft heave up the
matter in greater quantities there than towards the extremities ;
and by the fame rule the ends will generally be open, or at leaft
loweft. They will alfo commonly have foundings there, as the
remains of the bank, not accumulated, will be under water.

Where the coral banks arc not expofed to the common mon-
foon, they will alter their dircdion, and be either round, ex-
tend in the parallel,' or be of irregular forms, according to acci-
dental circumftances.

The interior parts of thefe iflands being fea, fometimes form
harbours capable of receiving vefTels of burthen, and I be-
lieve always abound greatly with fifh, and fuch as I have feen
with turtle-grafs, and other fea-plants, particularly one fpecies,
called by the Sooloos gammye, which grows in little globules,
and is fomewhat pungent as well as acid to the tafte.

It need not be repeated that the ends of thefe iflands only are
the places to exped foundings, and they comnionly have a
fhallow fpit running out from each point.

Abdul Roobin's obfervation pohits out another circumftancc,
which may be ufeful to navigators, by confideration of the
winds to which any iflands are moft expofed, to form a pro-
bable conjedure which fide has deepcft water, and from a
view which fide has the flioals, an idea may be formed what
winds rage with moft violence.

f •

A N

HISTORICAL COLLECTION

OF THE SEVERAL

VOYAGES

I N T H E

SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN.

TH E voyages made in the early period of the Spaniflj
difcoveries, are not handed down to us with much pre-
cifion : more diflin(ft accounts may, perhaps, remain
in the archives of Spain: but from the />m/^^ relations none,
previous to the voyage of Alvaro Mendana de Neyraj in
1595, can be traced ftep by ftep. However, it will at lead
be curious, if not ufeful, briefly to recite the antecedent expe-
ditions.

The frjl Explorer of this vaft ocean, was the immortal
Magalhanes : though this man was flighted by his own court,
his memory fhall be revered in every age ; whilfl:, after a few
centuries, even the Emanuels fmk into oblivion.

The Portuguefe hiftorians have, with the utmoft afperity
of invedive, attacked the charadter of Magalhanes .; the
hireling fycophants oi 2i court y chameleon like, mu ft form their

B fentimcnts

'hm\

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

iii |2.8

■so ""^

'S^ MIA

12.5
22

1.8

m |i.4

|l.6

6" —

►

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

•^

•S^

assy A \s!^ ^ .dA. .^1%

'^3 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. M5B0

(716) 873-4503

^
»

M A G A L H A N E S's VOYAGE.

1520. fcntimcnts to the countenance of a fuperior : it is not, therefore,
wonderful /«f// men (hould endeavour to blaft thaty^w^, which
muft ever reproach them who overlooked, or contemned, the
tranfcendant merit from whence it fprings. The obfervation of
Fray Caspar, in his Conquijla de las Philipinasy ** That it
was not fit to leave fo great an enterprize unattempted for want
of afliftance," is a full reply to the Portuguefe charge of dlf-
loyalty^ and recoils the reproach where it ought to — their ktngt.
and to his minifiers. Every public-fpirited Portuguefe muft
lament, that oblivion has concealed the names of thofe mi-
niftcrs, who merit the eternal execration of their country, for
being inftrumental in depriving it of the fervices of fo great a
man as Magalhanes. The commentator of Camoens further
obferves, ** That had Magalhanes died without communi-
cating his noble plan, it would have been a high mifdemeanour
againft the good of mankind."

Although the voyage of Magalhanes contains no impor-
tant difcoveries in the South Pacific ocean j the circumnavigation
of the globe is fo very remarkable an event in the hiftory of man-
kind, that a particular difcuflion of the life and chara^er of tha.t
great hero who accompli(hed it, cannot fail of being acceptable ;
particularly as Fray Caspar's hiftory * is little known, and
has never appeared in Englifh, although he is, on this fubjedt,
much more diftindl and circumftantial than any other author I
have (QQn.

I fluill therefore tranflate his Exordium to Magalhanes's
voyage J at the fame time, I mean to introduce all the circum-
ftances I can find recorded by HERREUAand Barros; the pub-
lic, uninfluenced by the malevolent infinuations in the laft
author, willdo juftice to the memory of Magalhanes.

• Coju]ui(la de las Idas Ihillplnaspor Fr. Gafpar de San Auguftin, fol. Madrid,
1698.

1 ** On

MAGALHANES*8 VOYAGE.

** On the twenty-fifth of September, 1513, Basco Nunez
DE Balboa got fight of the South-Sea, from the top of the
mountains of Pancas, in the province of Panama.

*« On the twenty-ninth he waded into it up to his middle,
and took pofleflion.

** The reports of this difcovery made a great noife in Europe,
and raifed a ftrong defire in many to navigate it ; but the qucf-
tion was, Whether it communicated with the North-Sea or
not ? Although this engaged the attention of the curious in cof-
mography, hydrography, and navigation, none thought of offer-
ing themfelves for the difcovery, and much lefs of giving any rea-
fons relative to a ftrait communicating, till Divine Providence
difpofed Hernando Magalhanes, a noble Portuguefe, to
attempt the difcovery of the South-Sea on many prefump-
tions -j' ; for he was a very intelligent man in the mathematics
and the nautic art, and of great experience in the navigation of
the East-Indies, where he had ferved, and gained great honour
under the ftandard of that famous Captain Alfonso de Albur-
QUERQUE. He had particularly fignalized himfelf in the expe-
dition againft Malacca, which was fubdued in Auguft, 151 1,
as he had alfo done in the wars againft the Alarbes of Africa.

«* Having acquired great knowledge in the affairs of this
Archipelago, by means of thefe eaftern nations, and through
the intimate friendfhip which he always had with Francisco
Serrano, who was fent with Antonio de Abreu, the fame
year 1511, to difcover the iflands of Cloves, named Malucos;
Francisco Serrano having difcovered the Malucos, fent a
difpatch to the King of Portugal, by Pedro Fernandez,
advifmg him of the riches and opulence of the Malucos, and
adjoining ittandsi informing alfo his friend Magalhanes of
every thing that had happened to him : fome time after Fran-

t Con muchas veras.
B 2

" ^ CISCO

V .

4
1520.

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

CISCO Serrano returned to Malacca, and having embarked
for Portugal, died in the paffage.

*' When Fernandez arrived in Portugal with the news of
the difcovery of the Malucos, he found Magalhanes in Lis-
bon, who was then come from Malacca, to foLicit fome re-
ward for his ferviccs. He received there the letters of Fran-
cisco Serrano, in which he gave great intimation of his difco-
veries. Whereupon, inflamed with the noble ardour to acquire
fame, and be no lefs than his friend Serrano, profiting by the
intelligence he had received, he determined to undertake his
difcovery; for which he received great affiftance from the
charts and inftrudlions of Martin de Bohemia, a famous
aftrologcr and Portuguefe cofmographer, native of the ifland
Faval, to whom is afcribed the ingenious invention of the aftro-
labe, and from a connexion with another Portuguefe aftro-
logcr, named Roy Falero.

** In concert with this RuY Falero, Magalhanes fet on
foot his new difcovery, and having firfl: propofed it to the King,
Don Manuel of Portugal, he did not chufe to hear it^ nor
to give it any confidence, but difmiffed him with a frown, and
fingular difgrace, very different from what was due to the pro-
pofal of Magalhanes, and to the reputation he had acquired for
his valour. Magalhanes thus difmiffed, chagrined at finding
his own prince fo ill requite his loyalty and good faith, deter*-
mined to go to the Spanifh court, which was then at Valla-
DOLiD, to enter into the fervice of Charles V. and to execute
for him the difcovery he had projedted. '

'* Magalhanes arrived at court in 1517J and as the emperor
was not there, he communicated his intention to Don Juan
Rodriguez de Fonseca, bifhopof Bukgos, who, at that time,
had charge of the afl'airs of the Indies. He was h -'rd with atten-
tion, and referred to the grand chancellor, who, approving of it,

informed

^-i

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE. ,

informed the emperor and Monficur De Gebres, of the inten-
tion of the two Portuguefe, and how they offered to demon-
ftrate that the Malucos, and the other iflands, from whence the
Portuguefe got the fpices, appertained to the Spanifh limit,
according to the partition of Pope Alexander VI. and that they
offered to fearch a paffage thither by the Weftern Ocean, with-
out purfuing the track ufed by the Portuguefe in the route
to India, paffing for this purpofe to the South-Sea, by a ftrait,
at that time undifcovered."

Herrera * fays ** Magalhanes brought a globe finely
painted, whereon he well defcribed all the land, and delineated
the track he meant to purfue, but carefully left the ftrait blank,
that they might not be able to pirate it.

•« Many difcourfes and queftions were had hereon ; and the
chief miniflers,. of whom he had nothing to fear, afking him
what courfe he meant to hold ? he replied, that he meant to go
to C. Santa Maria on the river Plate, and thence to purfue
the coafl till he fell in with the ftrait.

" They then afked, how he thought topafs to the other fea,
if he did not find a ftrait ? He replied, that he would go by the
Portuguefe route, fince, if it could be proved tliat the Malu-
cos fell within the Spanifli demarcation, he might well go by
their route, without injury; but that he went very certain of
finding a ftrait."

Before we return to Fray GasIpar's relation, it will be
proper to recite particularly what Barros fays of this event.

He tells us -j- ** That Francisco Serrano wrote fome let-
ters from the Malucos to Magalhanes, who had been his
intimate companion from the time they both v/ent to India,
efpecially at the takingpf Malacca, giving an account of thefe:
cartern iflands.

• Herrera D. 2. L. 2.. C. 19, f D. 3? L- 5- c. 8. fol. 139. EJit. 1628.
, . " Serrano's-

1520.

MAGALHANESs VOYAGE,

<t '■

»S*o« ** Serrano's principal aim was to recommend himfelf to

Emanuel; he, therefore, reprefented the Malucos to be twice
as far diftant as Malacca, and exaggerated his fervices in fuch
a manner, that, according to his expreflions, people would
think he was writing from the Antipodes ; and that he had
done more fervice to the King than Vasco de Gama, in the
difcovery of India.

** In the mean while, Magalhanes appeared to be very proud
of the friendfhip of Serrano, and therefore made no difficulty
of (hewing his letters, and highly praifing him for his important
fervices done to the court of Portugal ; which, at the fame
time, he thought, muft greatly promote the new defign he had
formed, as afterwards appeared from his letters, in reply to
thofe of Serrano, obtained at the Malucos, after Serrano's
death, by Antonio de Brito. In thefe letters Magalhanes
acquainted Serrano with his intention of foon going to fee
him; and if it could not be in the Portuguefe, it fliould be
in the Spani/h fervice, for fuch was the ftate of his affairs : and,
laftly, defired him to be perfuaded, that their old friendihip
would be flill more ftrengthened by living together.

** As the evil fpirit is always perfuading men's minds to fome
bad aftion, and affifting them in it; it happened that Magal-
hanes was difgufled with his king and country; which hap-
pened in this manner :

** Magalhanes being at Azamor, Juan Soares, captain
of that city, made an excurfion againft the country of the
neighbouring Moors, in which Magalhanes received a wound
in the calf of his leg, which, touching fome nerve, made him
limp ever after.

** Scares, fome time afterwards, ordered another expe-
dition with horfe; and being willing to affift Magalhanes,
appointed him and Alvaro Monteiro to be the chief offi-
cers

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

cers in that expedition ; wherein they made prifoners 890
Moors, and took 2000 head of cattle; 400 of which the two
chiefs immediately fold to fome Moors, whom they directed to
come for them in the night, near the walls of the city : this the
Moors did accordingly; and when Magalhanes and his com-
panion thought the Moors were no longer in danger of being in-
tercepted, they ordered the alarm bell to be rung, and gave out,
that the Moors had (lolen the cattle ; fo that the people next day
went in vain to retake them : this was complained of by feveral
inhabitants of that place, intcrefted in the booty j however, no
attention was paid to thefe complaints. Soares being called
away by the court, was fucceeded by Pedro de Souza, who
was afterwards made Conde de Prado; and Magalhanes re-
turned to Portugal without leave of the new captain.

** As Magalhanes was a man of noble extradtion, and diftin-
guiflied fervices, in which he was lamed, as foon as he arrived
at cou)^, he laid before the king an account of his fervices ; and
petitioned him, among other things, to increafe his monthly
pay.

** The increafe of pay has given to the noblemen of this
kingdom much trouble; it appears, amongft the Portu»uefe
a kind of enthufiafm, and has brought reproach to the kings :
for as it is a common received opinion, that the rewards of the
prince are given in confideration of fervices, it Is a kind of diftri-
butive * juftice, which muft be beftowed equally on all, accord-
ing to the merit of an individual. When any one finds his
portion denied, although he may be dilTatisfied, he bears it with
temper ; but when he fees an example of its being beftowed on
an equal, particularly in thofe who avail themfclves nore of arts
and friends, than perfonal merits, then he lofes ail temper ;

7
15S0.

• Comutativa-

from

8 MAGALHANES '8 VOYAGE.

1510. from hence fprings indignation, then hatred, and, at lad total
defperati9n, till he is driven to commit crimes injurious to
himfelf and others.

** What vexed Maoalhanes more than refufmg to increafe
his falary, was, that fome people vvrho had been with him at
AzAMOR, fpread the report in Lisbon of his robbing them of
the cattle ; and that his lamcnefs was only feigned, as a pretence
to get an additional falary. For thefe, and other reafons, the
king refolved not to comply with his petition : what increafed
this injury to Magalhanes was, that Souza, captain of
AzAMOR, wrote to the king that Magalhanes had gone away
without leave; and of what the inhabitants complained, begging
his majefty to enquire into it. Magalhanes wanted to vindi-
dicate himfelf before the king ; but he would not hear him,
and ordered him to go immediately to Azamor, to deliver him-
felf up to juftice, as it was there he was accufed. Magal-
hanes went therefore to Azamor, where he was acquitted of
the robbery, either becaufe he was not guilty, or, as others
affirm, becaufe the inhabitants of Azamor were not willing to
charge him with it.

** He then returned to Portugal j and, notwithftanding
his juftification, the king always entertained a refentment againft
him, and was not pleafed to comply with his petition. There-
fore Magalhanes fet about the defign he had formerly com-
municated to his friend Serrano at Maluco.

** Magalhanes's leaving the court of Portugal is not to
be entirely attributed to this difappointment he met with in his
petition j becaufe before he was difappointed, he ufed to keep
company with pilots, look into fea charts, and talk about fix-
ing the rule to find the true diftance from one meridian to an-
other j an enquiry which has ruined many ignorant people, and

perplexed

MAGALHANESs VOYAGE.

perplexed inefFcdlually the learned, fince none has yet been able
to put it in execution.

«* Magalhanes, from the converfation he had with thefe fea-
faring people, and alfo becaufe he had a turn for thefe things,
and experience of them in his voyage to India, fliewed to fome
his friend Serrano's letters, and infinuated, particularly among
the feamen, that the Maluco iflands did lie fo much eaftward
in regard to us, that they fell within the Spanijh demarcation ;
and to confirm thefe opinions, which he fowed in the ears of the
fea-faring people, he joined Ruy Falero, a Portuguesf,
who likewife difliked the king for not having been admitted into
his fervice as a judiciary aftrologer.

** They both went to Seville, carrying with them fome pilots
alfo difafFedled to the court of Portugal, and there met with
others, that place being then very much frequented by fea-faring
men, on account of the fleets fitted out from thence for the
Antillas.

** Magalhanes was very kindly received at Seville, by a
Portuguese, named Diego Barbosa, who went to India
with John de Nova, in the firft expedition made in 1501, and
was captain of a fliip belonging to Don Alvaro, brother to
Don Ferdinand, Duke of Braganza : this Don Alvaro
had obtained for him the office of conftable to the caflile of Se-
ville; and as Magalhanes was related to Barbosa, he was
courteoufly entertained by him j and his reputation being al-
ready eftabli(hed at the court of Spain, he met with no oppo-
fition in marrying Barbosa's daughter.

•' The emperor*, who was in Saragoza, feeing the propo-
fition of Magalhanes, fent to call him, and gave him audi-
ence in the prefence of the council, and did him many honours ;

i;2o.

• Fr. Gafpar Conq. dc las Pliilippinas.

and

i5>o.

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

and to him, and to Ruv Falbro, he gave the order of St.
J AGO, and the title o( his captains.

** In the council at Saragoza were concluded the following
conditions and agreements.

'• That they engaged to difcover the Malucos and Weftern
Iflands, in the Spanijh demarcation^ by the ocean.
*« The emperor promifed them, that he would not permit, for a
term of ten years, that any fhould go by the track they difco-

vered.

" That of all the income ^nd. profits * which ihould accrue from
their difcoveries, they (hould receive a twentieth part, after de-
ducing the expences.

** And that to Magalhanes he would give the title of Ade-
lentado of what he fliould difcover, to him, his children and
heirs born in Spain.

** Alfo that they might fend in the King's fliips one thoufand
ducats yearly, inverted in merchandize, and bring back the pro-
duce, paying the King's duty»

"And tliat if the iflands which they /hould difcover were
more than Jxy of two they fhould receive a fifteenth part, de-
ducting the expences.

** And that, for this timet they fhould receive a fifth of all
the (hips brought home.

** And for this voyage the emperor ordered five fhips to be
provided i two of them 1 30 tons each, the other two 90 each,.
and the other 60, with 234 people, paid and vidlualled for two
years.

** Thefe were the conditions made in Saragoz'a, with
captain Magalhanes^

** Magalhanes did not fail to meet with obftruftions from,
the Portuguefe ambaflador, Alvaro dr Acosta, who feeing the

• Rentas y provechas.

conii-

M A G A L M A N E S s VOYAGE.

confideration * which the emperor made of Maoalhanes, and
how his propofition was puHied on, fo much to the prejudice of
the crown of Portugal, he did his utmoft to prevent it j and, on
the other hand, did no lefs to draw over Magalhanes to return
to Portugal, where the King would do him greater favours,
and difpatch him for the difcovery, as it had been determined in
the council of Portugal : but Magalhanes conduced him-
felf fo well, that Alvaro de Acosta could neither efFedl the
firft, nor perfuade Magalhanes to the fecond. He left Sara*
goza, with the neceflary difpatches for the cafa de contratacion at
Seville, to forward his voyage."

Herrera fays, ** The treafurer Alonso Gutierrez, and
Christoval de Aro Burgales, to forward the difpatch, mo-
ney being wanted, advanced part of it on their own account ;
and, in refpedl to the bifliop of Burgos, fome merchants of
Seville brought what was deficient.

** They went on forwarding' the difpatch, and wanting to
bring one fhip aftiore, Sancho de MATIEN90, treafurer of the
cafa de contratacion, being prefent, two flags of the King were fent
for, but not being done painting, they were not brought ; four
with the arms of Magalhanes were put on the iom cabrejiantes,
where it is cuftomary to put thofe of the captain : this appearing
a new thing to a lieutenant of the admiral of Castille, he or-
dered them to be taken down, faying the arms of Portugal
had no bufinefs there: Magalhanes, who was told this, faid,
thefe were not the arms of Portugal, but his, who was a cap-
tain and vafl'al of the King of Spain, and then returned to his
bufinefs. But the alcalde (hamefully infifted to take down the
flags, and Sancho de MATiEN9ooppofed it: as the difturbance
increafed, MATIEN90 fent to Magalhanes, to requeft that he
would confent to their being taken down, to prevent (hame. He

* Cufo.

C 2 did

1520.

%■

I {20.

MAGALHANESs VOYAGE.

did Co, though it w«s expefted he would take it as an aftVont ;
for a perfon was prcfcnt, fecretly lent by the King of Portugal,
to beg him to return to his fcrvice, fuch was his concern
that Magalhanes fhould perform the voyage. MATIEN90,
who had called to his alliftance the jujlicias ordinarias of Se-
viLLP, feeing they did not come, took the expedient of ftriking
the flags with Magalhanes's confent, and gave an account to
the King of the difturbance which had happened; Magal-
hanes complained much of it j the King wrote to Magal-
hanes, exprefling his concern for what had paffed ; declared
his approbation to Sancho de MATIEN90 for what he had done,
and reproved the ajjijiant of the city for not having united againft
the alcalde of the admiral, and referred it to the officers of the
cafa de contratacion to enquire into the matter, and feverely to
chaftife the delinquents.

** The armament being ready, and fome difference having
arifen between Magalhanes and Ruy Falero, about who
(hould carry the royal ftandard and light j the King ordered, that
as Ruy Falero was not in perfect health, he fhould continue
till another voyage; and that the treafurer Louis de MEND09A,
who had made fome oppofition to Magalhanes, fhould obey
him in every thing; and that Magalhanes (hould not carry
Martin de Mezquita, nor Pedro de Abreo, they being
reckoned turbulent ; and that he fhould carry in his company ten
Portuguese, of whom there were no more in the voyage.

*' Orders were given to Sancho Martinez de Leyva, who
was the afliftant of Seville, to deliver to Magalhanes the
royal ftandard in the church of S". Maria de la Vitoria de Triana,
and to receive the oath and homage, according to the cuftom of
Spain, that he would perform the voyage with all faithfulnefs, as
a good vaflal of his Majefty : and that the fame oath and homage
fliQuld be received from the captains and other officers of the

armada

MAGALHANE S 's VOYAGE.

armada to Maoalhanes; and that they would follow his courfe,
and obey him in all things : and that he (hould give certain gra-
tification to Donna BEAtRiz Barbosa, Magalhanes's wife;
to Francisco Falero, and toRuv Falero, who were folicit-
ing another armament to follow Magalh anes.

** Maoalhanes went in the (hip
Trinidada, which was Capitana.

The Mafter, Juan Bautista de Poncevera, aGENOESE,

Mailer's mate, Francisco Calvo.
St. Antonio, Captain Juan de Cartagena, comptroller of the

armada; he had an appointment of being alcalde of the firft

fort they (hould find, or build, in the countries they went

in queft of.

Mafter, Juan de Ellorriaga Vizcaino.
Mafter's Mate, Pedro Hernandez, inhabitant of Se-
ville.

Vitoria, Captain Luys de MEND09A, treafurer of the armada.
Mafter, Antonio Salomon de Palermo.
Mafter's Mate, Miguel de Rhodas, inhabitants of
Seville.
This (hip is famous for being the only (liip of the fquadron,

which returned after circumnavigating the globe.

Concepcion, Captain Gaspar de Quesada.

Mafter, Juan Sebastian del Cano, inhabitant of Se-
ville, native of Guetaria, in the province of Guipuz-
coA, whofe name (hall be immortal.
Mafter's mate, Juan de Acurio de Bermeo.

St. Jago, Captain Juan Rodriguez Serrano, who was alfb

chief pilot.

Mafter, Balthasar, a Genoese.

Mafter's mate, Bartolom^ Prior.

Antonio

»3
151a

H
i5>o.

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

" Antonio de Coco was accountant. The other pilots
were EsTEVAN Gomez, a Portuguefe, Andres de San Mar-
tin, Juan Rodriguez Mafro, Basco Gallego, andCAR-
VALLO, Portuguefe, to whom, as very beneficial, was given
an exemption from billeting on their houfes, although the
court (hould be at Seville, and the privileges of knights at
their return, and a year's pay in advance. Geronimo Gomez
de EsPiNozA was alguazil-mayor; Leon Dezpeleta, Gero-
nimo Guerra, Sancho DE Heredia, Antonio de Acosta,
and Martin Mendez, were clerks.

** This armada departed late, becaufe the King of Portugal
made urgent application to the King in Barcelona not to
fend it ; but he declared his inclination to keep very ftridly
his capitulation with the Catholic King, and that he would in
nothing infringe the rights of the crown of Portugal, as he
would fooner leave unpurfued what appertained to the crown of
Spain ; and that the firft order enjoined the captains was, nof to
interfere in the Portuguefe affairs^ and that he could have no doubt
they would comply herewith.

" The Portuguefe faid, that the King of Spain would lofe
the expences, for that Hernando Magalhanes was a chatter-
ing fellow, and little reliance to be placed in him j and that he
would not execute what he promifed."

Herrera adds, *« It is told of Magalhanes, that two
Ihips failing from the Indies to Portugal, whereon he was
embarked, ran on feme /hoals, and were loft j but all the peo-
ple, and great part of the provifions, faved in the boats to a fmall
ifland near. From whence it was agreed to go to a certain port
in India, feme leagues diftant ; but as all could not go at once,
there was great difpute who fliould go in the firft trip ; the
captains and chief people wanted to go firft j the failors and the
reft infifted on the contrary that t/icy fhould. Hernando

Magal-

\. u

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

Magalhanes feeing this dangerous difpute faid. Let the captains
and gentlemen go, Iwilljiay with the Jailors, provided they will /wear
to us upon their word, that asfoon as they arrive they will fend for us.
The failors were fatisfied to (lay with Hernando Magal-
hanes. When they were about departing, as he was in a boat,,
taking leave of his friends, a failor faid to him, O Senor Ma •
galhanes, didnot you promife tojlay with us? Magalhanes re-
plied. It was true, and inftantly leaping afliore, faid. See, lam
here! and flayed with them. Shewing himfelf to be a man of
fpirit and truth, and in his fentimcnts to be fit to undertake great
adlions ; and that he had reflexion and prudence, although he
had not an advantageous perfon, being fllort."

They left Seville the lothof Auguft, 1519, and, accord-
ing to Barros, failed from St. Lucar the 21ft of September;
but GoMARA fays the 20th of September 15 19. The firft place
they touched at was Tenerife, one of the Canary Iflands,
from whence they failed the 2d of Odtober. There was a cara-
vel came hither to them j Herrera fays, it brought fifh for
the fquadron j but Barros mentions a report, that it was fent
to MAGALHANESto advife him to be on his guard, and to inform
him of the defign of the other captains not to fubmit to his or-
ders. But Barros adds, ** Although they afterwards difobeyed
Magalhanes, it is more likely this difobedience proceeded
from his rough behaviour towards them in the courfe of the
voyage, than from any premeditated refolution of theirs in
the beginning of it; becaufe, after paffing the river Plate,
they began to feel the cold, and afked Magalhanes what
courfe he would follow, and what was his refolution, fmce they
could not find any ftrait or cape, which were what he depended
on. Magalhanes replied, that they fhould not trouble them-
felves about itj that he knew very well what he was about; and
that he was anfwerable, not they, for what might happen."

Here

1520.

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

1520. Here Barros expofes his malevolence j for, in the firft place,

it ^(9^/ appear, that Luvs de MEND09A, had fhewn a fpirit of
difobedience before their departure, for which he had been
reproved by the King : fecondly, from Barros's charge it
does not appear Magalhanes was blameable for any rudenefs
in his behaviour, though their enquiries could proceed from
nothing but a fpirit of mutiny or defpondency."

After leaving the Canarys, ** the Capitana * fleered fome-
times fouth, and fometimes fouth by weft; in the firft watch
they bore down to him, and afked what courfe he fteered ? the
pilot replied, fouth by weft. It having been determined the
Sunday before to fteer fouth weft into 24° N. latitude, as was
contained in the route given at Seville, figned by Hernando
Magalhanes, Juan de Cartagena afked how became to
change the courfe ? Magalhanes faid, he was to follow, and
not ajk quejiions : Cartagena rejoined, that it appeared to him
that council was to be taken of the pilots, mafters, and feamen,
without adting fo very precipitately; fince it was not right,
having determined one thing, to do another fo foon ; having
agreed with the captains, &c. to fteer a different courfe from
what he fteered, and having amended the fecond route given at
St. Lucar, conforming it to the firft; for he faid, it was an
error of the pen in fliying they were, on leaving Teneriffi, to "
fteer fouth till paft the flioals of Rio Grande ; and that on that
courfe they would fall in with the coaft of Guinea, in fvrht of
Cape Blanco: wherefore it was' thought not convenient for
their voyage to get fo near that coaft.

" Magalhanes replied M^/ was given amended, in cafe any
fliiphad loft company of the fquadron, and for nothing more •
that they v.ere to follow him, as their duty direded, by thefiaz
■ in the day, and by the l/^/it at night.

Ilerrcia.

*' On

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

** On the 13th December they arrived at Rio Janeiro;
the natives prefently came ofF in canoes with plenty of provi-
iions, fowls, maize, parrots, and many other birds and fruits;
they exchanged for 2t. face-card feven or eight fowls, and offered
a flave for a hatchet ; but the general ordered that none, on
pain of death, (hould purchafe flaves, but only eatables, to
give the Portuguefe no room to complain, nor to get flaves
aboard to confume the provifions.

** They failed the 27th December ; they made C^e Sta.
Maria on the nth of January, 1520, which Caravallo, the
pilot, knew by three hills appearing like iflands, from the rela-
tion of Juan de Lisboa, a Portuguefe pilot, who had been
there."

** On Monday *, the 6th of January, they failed from the
river Plate, and entered St. Julian river on Eafter even-
ing -f*. On Eafter-day the general ordered every body afliore
tohearmafs; every body went, except Luys de Mendo^a,
captain of theVitoria, and Gaspar de Quesada, captain of
the Concepcion. Juan de Cartagena being in arreft on ac-
count of fome infults he had offered the captain-general. Ma-
galhanes thought much that thefe captains did not go afhore,
and confidered it as a bad fign J."

Barros fays, in this river Magalhanes and the other cap-
tains, confulted about the voyage which they had made, and
were to make : upon this, opinions were different ; but Ma-
galhanes gave no ear to any objedion againft proceeding. In
confequence, he faid, he would winter in the river, but that
at the beginning of the fummer, he would continue his courfe
to y^^f and feek for the expedled cape, or llrait. Magal-
hanes added, that the Norway and Iceland feas were as
navigable as that of Spain, though in a higher latitude -, and

* Gafpar. f 2d April.— Barros. % Herrora.

D that

iSzo.

'*.-^

"K^-

i8 MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

•52o« that he could fee no reafon why the fea they were going to
iliould not be fo. And becaufe Magalhanes (hewed himfclf
in this converfation independent *, and not fubjetfl to the votes
of the other captains and pilots, there were great murmurings ;
the chief 2Xi^ moft intelligent people atfirmed, that this difcovery
was of no value to the King of Spain, for any cape or ftrait»
even in the latitude they were then in of 50®, was not in a cli-
mate to be navigated at fuch a diilance. The Norway and Ice-
land feas were navigable, as Magalhanes had urged, but that
they were fo only to the people of thofe countries, or fo near
them, that, in a fpace of fifteen days, they could reach the moft
remote j whereas it required no lefs than fix or feven months to
fail from Spain to fuch remote parts of the world, through fo
- different climates and feafons. Befides, fuppofing it was eafy to
fail round the oppofite fea-coaft, which, however, was not yet
difcovered, the fmall profit arifing from the Maluco clove
could not counter-balance both the lofs of men in that navi-
gation, and 'the infinite fums of money requifite for it. Such
was thedifcourfeofthemoft knowing perfons, but the reft ima-
gined Magalhanes intended to reftore himfelf to the King of
Portugal's favour, by leaving them in fome wild place, where
they would unavoidably perifh ; and afterwards return himfelf
to Portugal."

Herrera does not mention this confultation ; he only fays>
•* The armada being arrived at the bay St. Julian \ it appear-
ing expedient to the captain-general to winter there, he ordered
an allowance of provifions : whereupon the people, on account
of the great cold, begged him, that fince the country was found
to extend itfelf towards the Antartick, without (hewing a hope
of finding the cape of this land, nor any ftrait j and as the winter
was fetting in fevere, and fome men dead for want, that he

• Ifento.

would

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

would increafe the allowance, or return back, alledging,
that it was not the King's intention that they fhould fcek out
what was impoflible, and that it was enough to have got where
none had ever beenj adding, that going farther towards the
Pole, fome furious wind might drive them where they (hould
not get away, and all periih.

** Magalhanes, who was a ready man *, and prefently hit
on a remedy for whatever incident occurred, faid, that he was
very ready to die, or to fulfil what he had promifed. He faid,
that the King had ordered him the voyage which was to be per-
formed ; and that, at all events, he was to fail till he found the
end of that land, or fome Arait, which they could not fail of
doing i and though wintering feemed to be attended with diffi-
culties, there could be none, when the fpring fet in, to proceed
forward, difcoveringthe coaflsof the continentunder the Antartick
Pole, being aiTured that they mud come to a place where a </^
lafted three months: that he was aftoniflied that men and Spa-
niards could have fo much fluggifhnefs "f*. That as to the diffi-
culty of provifions, there was nothing to complain of, fmce there
was in the bay of St. Julian much wood, plenty of good fifli,
good water, and many wild fowl : and fince bread and wine
they had not wanted and would not want, if they were content to
be put to an allowance. And confidering that the Portuguefe,
who fail every year to the eaft, pafs the Tropick of Capricorn
without difficulty, and 1*2^ further, and that hitherto they had
only gone double that. And as he was determined to die rather
thzn Jfjamefully to return hack t he was certain that, in fuch com-
panions as he had with him, there would not be wanting that
valorous fpirit which naturally is poflefled by the Spanilh nation,
as in greater things had been ffiewn, and was fliewn every day :

»9

15*0.

Hombre prompto.

t Flaqueza.

D 2

and

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

and therefore entreated them to wait patiently till the little winter
was paft, as they might expedt greater rewards from the King,
by fo much as their labour was greater j to whom, he trufted,
they were to Ihew an undifcovered worldy rich in gold and fpices>
wherewith every body would be enriched.

*• As the multitude is eafily drawn to any fide, the people were
appeafed by thefe words ; although there was not wanting fome
murmurings, wherefore Magalhanes flightly chaftifed fome;
but in the end, on account of the wretched life they led there,
many were induced to (hew a mutinous difpofition: and Magal-
hanes having fent hisfquif to the fhip St. Antonio, to get four
men to go for water, a man told thofe in the fquif, before they
reached the fhip, not to come; that Gafpar de^efeda was captain
there j that he hadfeized Aharo de Mefqueta *, and the pilot,
Juan Rodriguez Mafra i and hanged the mafieri Magalhanes
hearing this news, ordered the boat to return to that (hip, and to
the others ; and a(king for whom they were in the St. Antonio?
Gasper de Queseda replied, y^r the King and for him. Lu ys
DE MEND09A did the fame in the Vitoria, and Juan de Car-
tagena replied the hke in the Concepcion, for he had been fet
at liberty. Captain Juan Rodriguez Serrano, in the fliip
St. Jago, faid he wasy^r the King and captain Hernando Magal-
hanesy for he knew nothing of what had paffed that night in the
other three (hips. Magalhanes hearing this, and confidering
that the revolt was in fuch a (late, that temerity was a better
remedy than pajjivenefs, ordered, in ha(te, all the people in the
Capitana to arms, and provifion to be made of many darts,
lances, ftones, and other weapons, in the (hip and in the tops,
and the guns to be got ready. He ordered into the boat thirty

* «« Magalhanes' coufin, who had been put in captain of the St. Antonio, on
the difmiffion of Juao de Cartagena."

chofen

M A G A L H A N E S's VOYAGE.

chofen men, in whom he could confide, and five in the fquif ;
and thefe he ordered to go to the Vitoria, and give a letter to
Don Luys de MEND09A *, and whilft he was reading it,
boldly to ftabhimj and then, that the thirty men in the boaf
fhould go aboard to their affiftance. This Magalhanes un-
dertook, becaufe he knew that In that fliip were many people of
his fide J his orders were pundlually executed, and the (hip re-
mained in obedience to him without refiftance.

" Underftanding the death of Luys de MEND09A, Magal-
hanes gave orders that the people fhould eat and drink plenti-
fully; and that they fhould keep a good watch, as it was mid-
night, that the other fliips might not get out of the river. A
little time after, they faw the St. Antonio coming down upon
the Capitanaand Vitoria; wherefore they were. put in order;
thinking they were coming to fight, but they were driving with
the ftrong current,, as their anchors could not hold her. Ma-
GALHANES was much on his guard, though very attentive to
what the fhip fliould do ; and as nobody appeared but the captain,
Gaspar de Quesada, who went on the awning -j- with a
lance and a target, calling the people, who would not. ftir, for
the artillery of the Capitana was playing againftthe upper works
of the St. Antonio : a ball ftruck the cabin where Juan Ro-
driguez Mafra was prifoner, and paffed between his legs,
without hurting him. Magalhanes had now got near with;
theGapitana, and boarding with the Vitoria, the people, en-
tering with valour and alacrity, feized Caspar de Quesada
and the criminals, and carried them to the Capitana: letting at
liberty Alvaro de Mesquita and Juan Rodriguez Mafra.-

• Barros fays, the perfon entrufled with the commifTion to kill Mendo9a, who-
xvason board his fhip ««rf of the mouth of the river,, was Gon^alo Goiiies Spi-
nofa, apparitor of the fleet ; which Spinofadid with a dagger.

t Tolda.

Magal^-

1520.

ti MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

I5J0. Magalhanes fent a boat with forty men, to enquire for whom
was the Concepcion ? they replied for Magalhanes ; and then
aflcing, if they might come aboard fafely ? they replied yes ;
and feized Juan de Cartagena, and brought him to the
Capitana."

Barros fays, " The three captains Cartagena, Quesada,
and MEND09A, confulted together, and refolved either to con-
fine or to kill Magalhanes, and to return to Spain, and to
let the King know every thing they had met with in their voy-
age ; and, at the fame time, reprefent to him the Jiubbornefs
and ra(hnefs of their inflexible commander."

'* Next day ♦ Magalhanes ordered Luvs de MEND09A,
who was killed in the Vitoria, to be quartered ; and was em-
ployed fome days in examining into the bottom of the affair ;
and although he found above forty deferve death, he pardoned
them, becaufe they were neceffary for the fervice of the armada j
and becaufe he did not think it neceffary to appear rigorous,
and make himfelf difliked, by cxceflive punifhment. He fen-
tenced Caspar de Quesada to be quartered, and a boy of his
to be hanged i and Juan de Cartagena to be left afhore in
that country ; and becaufe they had no executioner, the boy,
to fave his own life, accepted of the office, and hung his mafter
and quartered him.

" Not for this did the mutiny ceafe, for a French clerigo,
who was in the St. Antonio, endeavoured to flir up the people ;
but not getting any body to join him, he was difcovered, feized,
and fentenced to be left in the country with Juan de Carta-
gena.

** As the winter months were drawing towards a conclufion,
Magalhanes ordered captain Juan Serrano to go along
fliore, to difcover if there was a flraitj and that, if he did not

• Herrera.

find

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

find it in a certain diftance, he fliould return. He found at
twenty leagues a fine river, a league broad, and bccaufe it was
the day of St. Cruz, in May, he named it S". Cruz : he
ftaid in it fix days, fifhing and getting feals, of which he killed
one weighing nineteen arobas, without the hide, head, and feet :
Juan Serrano wanted to go forward; but at three leagues
came on a gale that fplit all his fails, and lofing his rudder, be-
fore he got to the fhore, the Hiip funk, as it was high water,
the fore part of the (hip was under water j all the people were
faved, but the (hip was broke to pieces, and every thing in her
loft. Eight days they lived upon Ihell^fifli, which they caught
among the rocks ; and contriving to return to the fquadron,
they found a difficulty in paffing the large river, but finding
fome planks on the coaft, they carried them on their backs $
and being very feeble, althouf ^ it was only fix leagues by land,
they were four days in reaching it, living on plants. There
were thirty-fevcn men, notwithftanding which, the plank they
carried, was only fufiicient to make one fmall embarkation to
cstrry two perfons, becaufe, through feeblenefs, they had left
them in the way.

" Thefe two men being paiTed the rivers, they went two days;
inland, without getting good plants to eat, fuffering great colds
from the fnow, they agreed to go down to the fea to feek food,
and finding fome fhell-fifh, they returned inland, for the road
was better that way from the river S". Cruz, to where the fhips
lay, than along the fea fliore j and having been detained e/even
days, they arrived fo emaciated, that they were not known.
Magalhanes regretted the lofs of the fliip, but rejoiced that
all the people were faved j though the great quantity of provi-
fions they had loft, diftrefi!ed them much. He fent twenty men,,
loaded with wine, bread, and other things, that thofe people
might pafs by land ; for the fea was fo changed, it was im-

1 poffible

»3
15x0.

S4 M A G A L H A N E S s V O Y A G E.

1520, jDofliblc to go that way. Thcfe people fuffcred great diftrefles, and
were obliged to melt the flakes of ice to drink. The bread being
arrived, they gave to the people of the loft fliip, who had been
thirty-five days without eating it : they were occupied two days
Jn pafling the river with the little boat, and being arrived at
the (hips, Magalhanes made Juan Serrano captain of the
Concepcion, and divided the people amongft the other fhips.

** That the people who were employed in repairing the fliips,
jnight continue with the greater fecurity afhore, although they
had not hitherto feen any Indian, Magalha,nes made them
make a houfe of ftone, where they had the forge j from the
extremities they fufFered, three men loft the ufe of their hands,
for this river is in 49% and fomewhat more, and the days were
very fhort. In the mean while, the general ordered, that four
men (hould go inland, and that at thirty leagues they (hould fix
a crofs, and that if they found the people and the country good,
that they (hould remain in it; but not finding water^nor people,
and appearing defert, that they ftiould return.

" At the end of two months which the armada was in the
bay, appeared fix Indians : " but as it is foreign to the purpofe
of this work, to enter into a detail of any circumftances which
do not relate to the hiftory of the voyage or of Magalhanes,
I fhall only obferve, that Herrera fays, " iktleaji was larger
and taller than the largeft Spaniard."

" It appearing * that the five winter months, April, May,
June, July, and Auguft were pafted, the captain -general gave
orders, that the ftiips ihould be got ready For the fea.

** The 2ift July, the cofmographer, Andres de St. Mar-
tin, went aftiore with his inftruments, and obferved when the
Ain was at his greateft altitude, the fhadow of the thread pointed
to S. by E. 3 deg. S. (= S. 8 deg. 15 min. E;) and Sunday 22d,'

• Herrera.

they

MAGALHANES'j VOYAGE.

they made the fame obfervation aboard» and had the fame refult.
Taking the altitude of the fun on fhore, the 24th of Auguft, they
found it 32 deg. 40 min. the declination being 8 deg. 2 min.
Z. D. 40 deg. 42 min. the lat. is therefore 49 deg. 18 min. S.

** The (hips being ready to fail, Macalhanes ordered Juam
DE Cartagena, and the French clerigo," whom Barros names
Pedro Sanchez de Reina, " to be fet aftiore, in purfuance
of the fentence which had been pafTed, and that they (hould be
given bread and wine in plenty ; all the people very compafll-
onately wiflied them farewel.

" They left the bay of St. Julian the 24th of Auguft, and
went to the river Sta. Cruz, difcovered by Juan Serrano,
where they continued September and Oftober."

Fray Caspar fays, ** having wooded and watered at Sta.
Cruz, they failed from thence in the end of October, and kept
coafting to the fouthward with much trouble, on account of the
bad weather, till they came to Cape Virgins, fo named by
Magalhanes, becaufe it was difcovered on St. Ursula's day."

Herrera relates, that on difcovering this Cape, *« Magal-
hanes fent two Ihips apart to reconnoitre, with orders to re-
turn within five days : they returned ; thofe of one(hipfaid they
had found nothing but fome inlets of (hoal water, with very high
breakers. Thofe of the other faid it was zjlraiti for that they
had gone up it three days without difcovering an end, and the
farther they went up the fea ftill followed them, they con-
ftantly founded, fometimes they had no ground j and becaufe it
appeared to them the floods were greater than the ebbs, it was
impoflible that this arm of the feat orjiraitt did not proceed far-
ther on.

** Magalhanes hearing the relation of the two fhips, having
gone about a league in the ftrait, ordered to anchor, and that a
fquif with ten men fhould go afhore, to fee what was to be found

E there;

•I

ijte.

i3»i-!?ii-. i

* »*■ ,

15*0.

MAGALHANES'8 VOYAGE.

there J and at one third of a league they found a houfe, wherein
were about 200 graves of the Indians, for it is cuftomary with
them in fpring, to come down to the fea coaft, and inter there
thofe who die, and in winter they go inland. Returning, they
faw a very large dead whale clofe to the fhore, and many other
bones of them, from whence they judged this country fubjedt
to great ftorms.

** On the 28th of Odlober, in this place, being to W. of
Cape St. Severin three leagues, theyobferved the fun's alti-
tude 53 deg. 30 min. declination 16 deg. 26 min. Z. D. 37 deg.
4 min. lat. 52 deg. 56 min. S.

*« Wherefore, as Magalhanes now found himfelf in the
beginning of November, and that the nights were not more
than five hours, and that the ftrait, or arm of the fea, which he
had difcovered, ran from E. to W. judging it was what he
fought, he was felicitous to reconnoitre it again, and for this
fent the St. Antonio. Although they went fifty leagues they
could find no end, and judging it was a Jirait paffing into the
South Sea, they returned. The general and every one re-
ceived much content from this news.

** Magalhanes fummoned the captains, pilots, and chief
people of the armada to council ; he ordered an examination ta
be made of the provifioiis they had, for he now looked on the
paffage to the Malucos fecure : as it was found that each fliip
had three months provifions, it was the general opinion, every
body being in good fpirits, that it was right to go on, and fulfil
the purpofe they were engaged on, fince it would not be well
to return fruitlefs to Spain. Estevan Gomez, pilot of the
St. Antonio, replied, that fince they had found theitrait to pafs
to the Malucos they fliould return to Spain, to carry another
fquadron, for that they had a great fea to pafs j and that if they
met with a few days calms or tempcfts all would perifli.

Magal-

viii^.

MAOALHANESs VOYAGE.

*' Maoalhanes, with a very compored countenance, faid,
** T/iat if even he thought they could be reduced to the necejjity of
" eating the hides which were on the yards ^ he would go on to dif-
** cover what he hadpromifed the emperor ^ for he trujied God would
them, and bring them to a good conclujion."

tJJOt

a I

He ordered throughout the fliips that no one, on pain of
death, fliould fpeak of the voyage, or of the provifions, for he
intended failing next morning, and that the fliips fliould be got
ready. In this he fliewed much prudence and conftancy, for
with the opinion of Estevan Gomez, who was held a great
mariner, the people flicwed a difpofition of changing.

** They obferved the land here was very ragged and cold;
and becaufe they faw in the night many fires, it was named
Terra del Fuego.

** Farther on finding that there was another branch of the
fca, Magalhanes ordered the St. Antonio to go, and difcover
if they could by it get to fea, and that they fliould return in
three days. The fliip went ; the general failed on with the
others one day, and anchored to wait for the St. Antonio; and
in fix days, which he flaid, he made a great fifliing oifardinas
and fabalost and aUo took in wood and water ; the former fo
odoriferous, that when they burnt it, it was very refrefliing.
After fix days he fent the Vitoria in queft: of the St. Antonio,
and becaufe they did not appear in three days, he went with all
three fliips in queft of them j although Andres de St. Mar-
tin told him, that hepouldnot lofe time y for he underjiood thatjhip
was returned to Spaing notwithftanding this, he went in queft: of
it fix days, and was much concerned at the want of provifions
this occafioned. He proceeded on his voyage j and it pleafed
God, that at the end of twenty days, that they navigated by
that ftrait, on the 27th November he failed into the Great South
Sea, giving infinite thanks to God, that he had permitted him

E 2 to

I'M ' ' >'

15x0.

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

to find what was fo much defired j and that he was the frji who
had found the paflfage fo much fought after. Whereby the
memory of this excellent captain fliall be eternally celebrated."
Barros fays, ** Magalhanes feeing the fhip St. Antonio
was gone, andinitALVARODEMcsQUiTA, and fome Portuguefe,
and that he was only fupported by captain Barbosa, and a few
others, for the reft of the Spaniards were difgufted with him for
the great hardrtiips they had fufFered, he was fo perplexed, that
he did not know what to determine. In juftification of him-
(elf, he wrote two orders of the fame tenor, and fent them to
the two rtiips, not chuiing that the chief people fliould come to
him, left, when they were all collected together, fome difpute
ftiould arife, on his not confenting to their defires." Barfos
adds that ** Andres de St. Martin entered in a book the
order to the ftiip in which Barbosa was, and the reply to it,
that he might always be able to give an account of himfelf j
after his death at the Malucos, this book, and fome of his
papers, came into my hands, and, as not foreign to this hiftory,
both the onier and rcp/y of Andres dp. St. Martin are here
tranflated, to flicw, not by our but t/ieir own words, in what
condition they then were, and what tracJi Magalhanes had
contrived to go, by our difcovery, if he had failed in his own
attempt. The following arc the very words and expreflions of
the writing entered by St. Martin, without altering a letter.

*• I Ferdinand Magalhanes, knight of the order of $%
Jagg, captain-general of the armada which his Majefty fent
to difcover fpices, &c. make known to you Edward Bar-
bosa, captain of the ftiip Vitoria, and to the pilots, mafters,
and mates of it, That whereas, I perceive it appears to you all
a hard thing that lam determined to proceed on, as it feems to
you we have little time to perform the voyage in which we

7 " ar«

({

((
((

t€
tt
it

ft
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

MAGAJHANES's VOYAGE.

are engaged ; and whereas I am a man, who never rejed the
opinion or advice of any one before all my aiFairs are executed,
and communicated in general to every body, without any one
having been by me affronted; and becaufe of what happened
at port St. Julian about the death of Luys de Mendoza,
and Caspar de Quesada, and the baniihmentof Juan de
Cartagena, and Pedro Sanchez de Reino, clerigo, you
through fear omit to fpeak to me, and advifc me, what appears
to you for the fervice of his majefty, and fafety of the faid
armada ; and have not fpoken to, or counfelled me, contrary
to the fervice of his Imperial Majefty, our Lord, and con-
trary to the oath ♦ and homage which you have done to me :
Therefore I command you on the part of our /aid Lord, andoti
my own part earneftly entreat, that all which you think of, re-
lative to our voyage, as well of going on, as of returning
back, you will give your opinions in writing, every one
apart. Declaring the circumftances and rcafons why we
Ihould go on or return, not omitting to tell the truth from
any refpedt whatever. With which reafons and opinions I
Ihall give mine, and determine Enally what we are to do.

** Done in the channel of All- Saints, oppofite the Rio de
** Ilueo, onWednefday, 24th November, in 53 *'. 1520.

** By order of the captain-general Ferdinand
** Magalhanes.

Leon de Especece.

29
1520.

** It was notified by Martin Mendez, efcrivano of the ihip,
** onThurfday, 22d November, 1520.

Pleito e menage.

a To

3<>
1510*

• f

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

** To which order, I Andres St. Martin, gave and replied
" my opinion, which was as follows :

" Most magnificent Sir,
" I have feen the order of your worfhip, which was notified
** to me on Thurfday, 22d November, 1520, by Martin
** Mendez, efcrivano of this fhip of his Majefly, named the
** Vitoria, wherein you, in efFcdt, order me to give my opi-
" nion, concerning what I think expedient in this prefent voy-
** age, as well in regard to going on, as returning back, with
*< the reafons moving us to the one as to the other, as more at
** large is expreffed in the faid order. I fay, that although I
«« doubt of there being a paffage by which we can navigate to
«' the Malucos, by this channel of All-Saints where we are,
«* nor by either of the other two ftraits, which are within,
'* and go toward the E. and E. N. E. This, however, is no
«« objedion againft getting all the knowledge we can, taking
«' the advantage of the feafon, confidering we are in the heart
** of the fpring j and it appears your worfliip ought to go on
" by it, at prefent, fo long as we have * the beft of the
*« fpring in hand, and with what we find or difcover till
** the middle of January next, that your worfhip fliould deter-
" mine to return to Spain. For thence forward the days fhorten
" fafti and on account of the feafon it will become more
«« grievous than at prefent. And although we jiow have the
«« days of feventeen hours, befides the dawn and twilights, we
*« have the weather fo tempeftuous and unfettled, it muft be
*• much more expedted to happen when the day fliall befhort-
** ened from fifteen to twelve hours, and ftill more in winter,
«» as we have feen in times part. And that your worihip fhould
«* get out of the ft rait fome time in January, and in this time

* Afrol.

** take

«<
<i

€t

t€

((

tt .

((

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

take in wood and water fufficient to go for the bay of Cadiz*
or St. Lucar, from whence we failed.
«* And to determine on going farther fouth than we are or may
be, as your worfliip gave directions to the captains at the
river Cruz : it does not appear to me poflible to be done, on
account of the feverity and tempeftuoufnefs of the feafon. For
when in this we now are, we fail with fo much trouble and
danger, what would it be in 60 deg. and js deg. and farther on,
as your worfhip faid was to be done in queft of the Malucos,
towards the E. and E. N. E. doubling the cape of Good
Hope, or paffingit : this time I think not. As well becaufe
when we ftiall be there it will be winter, as your worfhip
better knows, as becaufe the people are wan, and deprived
of their ftrength ; and although we have at prefent provi-
fions enough for fubfiftence, they are neither fo plenty,
nor fuch as will recover new ftrength, nor fupport ex-
ceflive fatigues, without their conftitutions being greatly
impaired by it j and I obferve that thofe who fall fick, are
long in recovering. And although your worfliip has o-ood
fliips, and well fitted (thank God) yet they are in want of
cables, efpecially this fhip Vitoi ia : and 1 have above faid the
people are wan and feeble, and the provifions are not fuffici-
ent to go by that way to the Malucos, and from thence to
return to Spain. Alfo it appears tome, your worfliip fliould
not navigate thofe coafts in the night, as vvelJ for the fafety
of the Ihips, as that the people may have time to reft a
little, having here nineteen hours clear day-light, you may
order to lie at anchor four or five hours, which the night lafls
For it appears a thing confonant to reufon, to anchor for four
or five hours, which the night lafls, to give (as 1 have faid
above) refl to the people, and not jade themfelves with
working the fliips, and more particularly to keep clear of

** any

SI
1520.

i^B ifso^

((

«(

•

1 H^B>

c«

IjBD
I'Hb

r; -li

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

any danger ♦, which ill-fortune might bring us into, from
whence God deliver us j for if difafters happen, when fuch
things are clearly feen, and when people are on their guard,
what wonder if they befal ; when things are not clearly
feen, known, or perceived, b\it that you anchor an hour
before fuii fet, when you can fee two leagues a-head. I have
mentioned what I think, and which I have given in compli-
ance to my duty to God, and to your worfhip, and what ap-
pears to me ferviceable to his majefty and the good of the
armada. Your worship will do what feems proper : and may
God diredt you, to whom I pray to preferve your life and (late
as it deferves."

" Hernando Magalhanes having received this and the
other opinions, as his intention was not to turn back on any
account whatever j and only paid this compliment, as he knew
that people were not Satisfied with him, at the fame time that
they were terrified on account of thofe who had been made a
public example of: but to give an account of himfelf, he made
a long reply, in which he gave circumftantial reafons, but all di-
redled to go forward. And he fwore by the order of St. J ago,
hanging on his breaft, that this appeared to him the moft eli-
gible method for the fafety of the fleet ; wherefore, that all
Ihould follow trufting in the goodnefs of God, which had
brought them to this place, and had difcovered to them this
channel fo much defired, which would carry them to the end
of their wiflies."

Herrera fays ** The St. Antonio came back to look for
Magalhanes, and as they anchored at the port of Sardinas,
without finding him where they left him, they difcharged fome
guns, and made fmoaks ; and although they were not anfwered,

* Reves.

the

MAGALHANES's VOYAGE.

the captain, Alvaro de Mesc^iita, wanted to go in queft of
the general, but the pilot Estevan Gomez, a Portuguefe, and
the efcrivano Geronimo Guerra, whom Magalhanes had
made treafurer, fetzed and dabbed him, on pretence that he
had been Maoalhanes's counfellor in the executions * he had
made; they kept him in clofe confinement. They made
Geronimo Guerra captain of the (hip, and purfucd their voy-
age towards Guinea to return to Spain.

"Magalhanes found, on getting into the South-Sea, that
the land turned towards the north, which appeared a good fign,
though the fea was very dark and high, a mzrk of a great
ocean: Magalhanes ordered many thanks to God; and that
they fhould fleer to the northward to get quickly out of thefc
cold climates.

" Magalhanes thus fleering to the northward had great
ftorms till the i8th of December, when he found himfelf in 32
deg. 30 min. S. he had not till then met with fo much obflruc-
tionfrom the wind as from the fea, which tore them to pieces.
As he approached the warm climates the wind came large, and
as they had it aft, the general ordered to fleer N. W. and W.
N. W. till he got to the line."

In this track they difcovered two uninhabited iflands, which
were named the Desventuradas. The different relations do not
agree in thefituation ofthefe iflands j the firfl was named Ilha
Primeira, according to Barros, but the Portuguefe relation in
Ramusio, calls it St. Pedro. At the fecond they found many
Jharksy from whence they named it Tiburon. I have here given
the different fituations.

I J so.

Pigafetta. Maximil. Barroi.

Flrft ifland, or St. Pedro, 15' S. about the i8» S.

tropick. 1500 leagues

from Strait's Mouth.

Second, or Tiburon, 9 13 14

• Jufticias.

Portog. Beiizon.
18" S. according to
Le Mairei

15 17

Thefc

■a

1530.

M A G A L H A N E S's VOYAGE.

Thefe iflands had nothing but birds and trees on them j the
fea is very deep near the fliore j but affording good fifli they
remained at them, according to Maximilian, two days.

As it is not the intention of this work to enter into the recital
of Magalhanes's voyage further than is neceffary to explain
his track acrofs the Pacific Ocean, it will be fufficient to add,
that after difcovering the Ladrone iflands, h« went to thofe now
named the Philipinas, in one of which, named Mactan,
adjoining to Zebu, he was killed. The (hips afterwards vifited
Borneo, and pafled to the Malucos; from whence theVito-
ria returned to Spain by the Cape of Good Hope on the 7th
September, 1522*.

The Trinidada having fprung a leak, returned to the Ma-
lucos, and attempted the paflage to New Spain, but being
forced back from 42 deg. N. latitude, was wrecked at the
Malucos.

Perhaps I may hereafter be induced to trace the voyage of
Magalhanes and his followers through the Philipinas and
Eailern Iflands, but this is a difquifltion totally unconne<fled with
the prefent fubjedl i and which would not be intelligible with-
out more accurate charts than any hitherto publiflied of thofe
parts.

* Herrera has preferved the names of thofe pcrfons who returned in the Vitoria :
Juan Scbaftian del Cano, Miguel de Rodas, mafter ; Martin de Infaurraga, pilot ;
MigBcl de Rodas, feaman •. Nicolas GriegJ, Juan Rodriguez, Bafco Gallego,
Martin de Judicibus, Juan de Sanlandcr, Herr.ur»do de Buftamente, Antonio Lom
bardo (Pigafetta), Francifco Rodriguez, Ar.wiif^ Fernandez, Diego Gallego, Juan
de Arratia, Juan de Apcga, Juan de Acurio, Juan dj Zubieta, Lorenzo de Yruna,
Juan de Ortega, Pedro de Indarchi, Riiger Carpintete, Pedro Gafco, Alfortfo Do-
mingo, feaman ; Diego Garcia, Pedro de Balpuefla, Ximeno de Burgos., Juan
Martin, Martin de Magallanes, Francifco Alvo, Roldan de Argote.

F E R D I-

FERDINAND GRIJALVA

AND

A L V A R A D O's

THIS expedition is briejly mentioned by Herrera^ ; it
is alfo mentioned by Argensola, but more circum-
ftantially by De Couto and Galvano : thefe obvioufly relate
to the different fhips j Galvano, who was at this period go-
vernor of the Malucos, to Alvarado's voyage, as does
Argensola j De Couto to Grijalva.

In 1536 Cortes, not difcouraged by the injury done him in
fending Antonio de MEND09A to be viceroy of the Empire he
had conquered, befides an expedition to the N. W. fitted out
two fhips to examine the track to the Malucos under the line;
but being informed of the dangerous fltuation to which Pi-
zARRo's affairs in Peru were reduced, they went firfV to St,
Miguel de Tangarara, with affiflance to Pizarro, '* and
from thence to the Malucos, all along near the line, as they
were commanded -|-." •

• Herrera, D. 5. L 8. c. 10. and D. 7. L. 5. cap. 9.

Bart. Leonardo de Argenfola Conq. de las Malucos. Folio. Madrid, 1609, L.

2. P. 64.

De Couto, D. 5. L. 6. c. 5. Folio, Lifbon, 1612.

Galvano Difcoveries of the World from their firft original, unto A. D. 155 j,
publiflied in EngUfli by Richard Hacluit. London, quarto, 1601, P. 80.

t Galvano, P. 80.

F 2 Dk

»S37«

30 FERDINAND GRIJALVA and

>537' De CouTo indeed fays, one ihip was to return to Cortes

with difpatches, and Grijalva, with the other, to proceed oa
the difcovery of fome iflands to the weftward, which were ima-
gined to abound in gold *, and as Cortes kept this intention a
profound fecret, it gave rife to a report that Grijalva had
fled, being afraid of punifhment for fome mifdemeanours.

He fays '* Grijalva departed from Pageta in 6 deg. N.
the beginning of April, 1537, and Aeered W. and S. W. into
29 deg. S. and then fpringing his mad, he flood towards the
line, and in 2 deg. N. carried his mafl away ; but having re-
paired it as well as he could, he run into 25 deg. N. and
then flood for the land, hoping to make California, but had
no figns of it ; and as the winds were E. and N. E. he refolved
to run for the line as he did.

** The people on board infifted on his bearing away for the
Malucos, which he refufed, declaring, he did not chufe to be
held a traitor, and enter the Portuguefe territories i this occa-
fioned a mutiny, in which Grijalva was killed, with his ne-
phew Lopo Davalos, and the mafler eledled in his flead.
He immediately bore away for the Malucos, and met with
fuch calms, that he was four months going to Papua, which
was the firfl land they reached ; they then had only feven men
alive, for all the refl had died of hunger and fatigue. Being ar-
rived here, the vefTel falling to pieces, having- been ten months
at fea, they took to the boat, they coafled along an ifland named

* Ortelius, in his map of America 1587, lays down /Ar« fuch iflands in the lati-
tude of 16 deg. S. about 10 deg. W. longitude a Callao or about 87 deg. W. a London,
with this defcription, H!c ufpiam infulas ejfe auro diviles mnnulli volunt. Probably
thcfe are what were originally named the Salomon iflands ; for Herrera, after giving
an account of Men(?ana's Difcovery in 1567, mentions, that •' in the voyage from
Peru to the Salomon iflands, was found an ifland named St. Paul, in 15 deg. S.
700 leagues from Peru, and in 19 deg. S. 300 leagues from land, others, which
were, perhaps, \}[iok firji called the Salomon iflands." This implies, that the name
had been given to fome iflands to the weftward, before Meudana's voyage in 1567.

Crespos,

ALVARADO's VOYAGE.

Crespos, from whence came many negroes, and fo many came
aboard* that they funk the boat, faving the Spaniards, whom
they made captives afhore, and carried them to fell about the
iflands, fome being brought this year, 1538, to the Malucos,
whom Antonio Galvano ranfomed, and fupplied with every
thing they wanted *."

Antonio Galvano fays, that ** From Peru they failect
above 1000 leagues, without fight of land on the one fide, nor
yet on the other of the equinodtial. And in 2 deg. N. they
difcovered one iiland, named Asea, which feemeth to be one of
the iflands of Cloves "f*; 500 leagues* little more or lefs, as they
failed, they came to the fight of another, which they named
Isla delos Pescadores. Going flill in this courfe, they faw ano-
ther ifland, called Hayme, towards the fouth, and another named.
ApiAi and then they came to the fight of Seri : turning towards
the north one degree, they came to anchor at another ifland
named Co«oa, and from thence they came to another under the
line, named Meou SUM, and from thence toBuFu, (landing in
the fame courfe,

" The people of ajl thefe iflands are blacky and have theic
hair frizzled, whom the people of Maluco do call Papuas..
There is here a bird as big as a crane : he flieth not, nor hath
any wings wherewith to fly ; he runneth on the ground like a.
deer : of their fmall feathers they do make hair for their idols.
There is alfo an herb, which being waflied in warm water, if
the leaf thereof be laid on any member and licked with the
tongue, it will draw out all the blood of a man's body: and with
this leaf they ufe to let themfelves blood.

• The title to the chapter wherein De Couto gives this relation is, " Ch. 5. Of
a Spaniflifhip which was loft going t» the Malucos."

t Ifland of Clevti. As this ifland is far diftant from the Malucos, this probably
means that /^« produces Ckvts,

** From

3« FERDINAND GRIJALVA akd

ijjg. " From thefe iflands they came unto others, named the

GuELLEs *, /landing i deg. towards the north, caft and weft
with the ifland Tiren ate, wherein the Portugals have afortrefs:
thefe men are haired like the people of the Malucos. Thofe
iflands (land 1 24 leagues from the ifland named MoRO*f*, andfrom
Terenate between 40 and 50. From whence they went to the
ifle of MoRo and the iflands of Clovs, going from the one unto
the other. But the people of the con(\try would not fuffer them
to come on land, faying unto them. Go unto thefortrcfs where
the captain Antonio Galvamo is, and we will receive you
with good will ; for they would not fuffer them to come on land
without his licence ; for he was fadtor of the country, as they
named him. A thing worthy to be noted, that thofe of the
country were fo affe&iou^d to the Portugals, that they would
venture for them lives, wives, children, and goods."

This voyage, as before related, is alfo mentioned by Arg£n->
SOLA. He fays,

«« Captain Alvarado, a Spanifh knight, was fent by Cortez
to Terenate, not to let the valour he had fhewn fink into indo-
lence. He difcovered the iflands of Papua, and bravely fought
with the Barbarians: the Portuguefe attribute this difcovery to
Meneses in 1527. The great Alvarado alfo difcovered other
iflands, named Gelles, in i deg. N. lat. E. and W. with Tere-
nate, 125 leagues diftant from that of Moro. The natives of
the Gelles in complexion, drefs, and cufloms, are like thofe of
the Malucos, except their language, which is particular to
them."

• TTiefe iflands were feen in 176 1 by the Warwick India-man.
t Argenfola fays the eaft fide of Jilolo is called Morotia, i. c. Moro della Ticrra,
the iflands adjoining Morotay, i. e. Moro del Mar.

Lavaniia,

ALVARADO'8 VOYAGE.

Lavanha *, in his account of Meneses' voyage, fays, that
** the iflandsof Papua, which were named Islasde Don Jorge
DE Meneses, are 200 leagues to the eaftward of the Malucos:
coming from thelsLA Versija, where he wintered, which lies
under the equinoctial, and has a good harbour. Keeping always
under the line, they came to an ifland, named by the natives
Meunsu, and to another- which they called Bufu, which is
more to the eafl, whereto they gave the name of Dos Graos
(Grain ifland) for the plenty they got there."

Thus we fee collating the antient relations leads us flep by
ilep to the iituation of places barely mentioned by fome of them;
but tku would have been impoiiible had they not given us
the CQtattry names.

One furt;her obfervation on this voyage is to be added from
Lavanha -f-, who lays " Saetedra failing from the Malucos
for New-Spain, on the I4tfa of June, 1 528, anchored at the
ifland Hamei, 170 leagues from Tidorb, to wood and water."
Thus we hav« the fitnation of one more rfland in Alvarado's
voyage, for it cannot be doubted this is what Alvaraik) calls
Haymi. Let it be obfervcd Saevedra reckoned the diflance
$rom Zivatlenejo to the Maluco£ 2000 leagues.

♦ Folio, Madrid «6is. P. 53. t P. 61.

1538.

't r

THE

SPANISH DISCOVERIES

BEFORE MDXCV.

IN the iirA voyages of the Spaniards from America to
the Weftward, the Malucos were in view, but foon after
the Peruvian affairs were reduced to order, they attempted dif"
"Coveries.

It may be ufeful in developing the obfcurities met with on
this fubje^, to infert a chronological detail of the early viceroys
of Peru. All the writers agree in afcribing the firft voyage
of this kind, and the difcovery of the Salomon iilands, to the
period in which Lopez Garcia de Castro governed Peru :
Herrera indeed infmuates, that the iflands originally named
the Salomon IJlandsy were different from what this name was
applied to, by Mendana, in 156^; but as we have no record
of that original difcovery, fo vague a report cannot be confi-

dered as an accception.
Francisco Pizarro fet gut from Panama in 1525, he

difcovered Peru in 1526 ; went to Spain in 1528 ; was fent

back to Peru in 1529, and arrived there in 1530. He founded

the city of Lima in 1535» and was afTaffinated on the 26th of

June, 1541.

Peru was, for feveral years after, in a flate of civil war; Pi-

zAiiRo'5 fuccefTor was

Christo-

The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

Christoval Baca de Castro.

BlascoNunnez Vela, entered Lima in May 1544* a»d
was killed in battle in January 1546.

Pedro de la Gasca left Spain in February 154.6, he arrived
at Panama in September following j from thence he went to
Peru, and having fettled the affairs of that country, returned
to Spain in January 1550.

Antonio de Mendoza entered Lima in September 155 ii
and died the year following.

Andres Hurtado de Mendoza, marquis of Cannete, from
July 1555, to April 1561.

Diego Lopez Zunnioa y Velasco, Cond^ de Nicva, en-
tered Lima in April 1561. He died fuddenly the year fol-
lowing.

Lopez Garcia de Castro« from September 1564, toNo«
vember 1569,

Francisco de Toledo, from November 1569, to Sep-
tember 1 58 1.

During his government S. Christoval was difcdveredj as
Arias informs us, this happened in 1575. Sir Francis Drake
mentions to have met the Almiranta of the Salomon iflands,
called the Capitana de Mortal ^ or the Grand Captain of the South,
at Valparaiso, the 5th of December 1578*; but we have
no circumflantial relation of any events in that voyage.

Martin Henriquez, from September 1581, to Novem-
ber 1586.

Fernando de Torres y Portugal, Conde de Villar don
pardo, from November 1586, to January 1590.

Duriug his adminiftration Sir Thomas Candish was in the
South Sea ; and there is in the King of Spain's library -(• a MS.'
relation of what pafl'ed in Peru from the 26th of April 1588,

» World encompafleil, p. 51. -j- Penelo de Leon. Bibl. Orient, and Occid. p. 642.

G concerning

4«

'i'A

42 The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

concerning feme veffels fitted out againft the Englifh ; and to it
are added the opinions of feveral men of confideration, on what
ought to be done on that head j and amongft them is that of
Alvaro Mendana, Adelentado of the Salomon lilands, who
is the only perfon mentioned by name.

Garcia HurtadodeMendoza, fourth marquis of Cannete,
from January 1590, to July 1596.

During his government Mendana's expedition in 1595 was
undertaken.

Louis be Velasco, marquis of Salinas, from July 1596, ta
January 1604..

To him Quiftos prefented two memorials, to be furnifhed
with veffels, and every thing neceffary, to continue the profecu-
tion of the difcovery of the unknown fouthern lands; the vice-
roy pretended the delires of Quiros exceeded the limits of his
authority : he fent him to Spain with letters ftrongly recom-
mending his projedl ^.

Hacluit mentions an accidental difcovery of fome iflands
abounding in filver during this government,

Caspar de Zijnniga y A9EVED0, Conde de Monterrey,
was viceroy from January 1 604 to December 1 607.

During his adminiftration., Quiros's famous expedition, in
1606, was undertaken.

Juan de Mendosa y Lit a, third marquis de Monte Claro,
from December 1607, to December 161 5 — His fucceffor

Francisco DE BoRjA Y Aragon, princip6 Efquilache, left
Spain in 16 14, and with him went Quiros, who died at
Panama, in his way to Lima^ Principe Efquilache entered
Lima in December 1615, and continued there till December
162 u

X Pirge from Figueroa.

The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

We have no, later accounts of Spanifli expeditions to the
weftward of Peru, at leaft none of fuificient authenticity to be
relied on.

The firfl: voyage exprejly on difcovery to -the weftward of
Peru, appears to have been that undertaken in 1567: it is
mentioned by many Spanifli writers, but I have not any where
met with a diftindt andconfiftent relation of it. Herrera af-
cribes the command to MEND09A j in this he is fingular^ all the
reft reprefenting Mendana as chief in the expedition.. Herrera
appears to be in a miftake, fw not only Figueroa mentions
1567 to be the year in which Mendana's firft expedition was
undertaken; but Lopez Vaz, though he mentions no year,
determines it to the fame period, as he fays it was during the
'viceroyalty of Lopez Garcia de Castro, who hft that go-
vernment in 1569; befides it feems to be univerfally agreed
that the Salomon iflands were difcovered in 1567; and not only
Figueroa and Lopez Vaz, but Acosta and Arias, as well
as Gallego*, afcribe the difcovery of thefe iflands to Men*

DANA.

The authors confulted in the following relation of the Spanifh
difcoveries before 1595, are

Antonio Herrera. Defcripcion de las Indias, cap. 27,
p. 59. Folio, Amberes 1728.

Joseph Acosta. L. i. cap. 6 and 15. Quarto 1590.

Lopez Vaz. Hacluit, vol. IIL p. 8oi.

Juan Louis Arias. Memorial, in a coUedion of MSS.,
«nd printed memorials.

OvALLE, Churchill's Colledion,

• Penelo de Leon, p. 671. " Relation de Jornada y Viagc pr' q'al defcubriemento
delas Iflas de Salomon hi^o el Adelantado Alvaro de Mendana fiendo el autor (Heraan
Gallego) piloto mayor." MS. in Barcia library.

1»4''!

G 2

Christo-

44 The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 159^.

Christoval Suarez de Figueroa. Abftradt in CoreaU
Vol. II. p. 293' Abfti-aft in M. Pingr^'s Mem. of Tranfifr'
1769.

It appears Mendana bimfelf was very uncertain of the fitu-
ation of the places he had difcovered in his former voyage, fo
that it is not wonderful there is a great difcordancy in the diffe-
rent relations. In the firft place the various reports of fituation
will be recited.

Herrera, in the beginning of his Defcripcion de las India&y
fays " The Salomon iflands are 800 leagues from Peru ; " after-
wards he fays, ** 1 500 leagues from Lima, and from 7 deg. to
12 deg. S. latitude;" and, at laft mentions ok^ ^^W in 15 deg.
S. 700 leagues, called St. Paul ; and fome others, 300 leagues
froni land, in 1 9 deg. S.

Joseph Acosta fays, the Salomon iflands are about 800
leagues from Peru, but mentions no latitude.

Lopez Vaz fays, they found fome iflands in 11 deg. S. 800
leagues from Lima, and eleven great iflands between 9 deg»
and 15 deg. S. He afterwards fays, they traced Guadalcanal
toiSdegS. «.

Ovalle's Hiftory of Chili, fays the Salomon iflands are tO'
the weilwardof Peru, about 7500 miles (125 deg.) and extend
from 7 deg. to 12 deg. S.

The fragment of Figueroa fays, Quiros reported that
Mendana defcribed the Salomon iflands to lie between 7
deg. and 12 deg. S. i 500 leagues from Lima.

Sir Richard Hawkins, who fays he faw a MS. of the voy-
age at Panama, reports, " That in the height of Santa,
(8 deg. S.) fome 7,0 leagues to the weftward, lye the iflands
of Salomon, of late years difcovered."

• Probably 18 deg. is an error of the prefs for 15 deg. S.

ARrAs>

The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

Arias, in his memorid, fays, ** The Adelentado Alvaro
DE Mendana de Neyra, difcovered New-Guadalcanal,
which is ji very large ifland, very near New-Guinea ; fome
have imagined what Mendana called New-Guadalcanal is
part of New-Guinea, the middle of thefe large iflands in 13
deg. to 14 deg. S.

" Afterwards Mendana difcovered the archipelago of
iflands, called the Salomon iflands, whereof, great and fmall,
he faw thirty-three of very fine profpedt, their middle in 11
degrees S. according to hij relation.

** He afterwards, in 15751 difcovered the ifland St. Chris-
toval, not far from the fituation of the faid archipelago j its
middle in 7 deg. to 8 deg. S. 1 10 leagues in circuit."

It is not clear from Arias, whether Mendana had, previ-
ous to 1575, niade one or two voyages, but from other autho-
rities it appears, he made but one.

FiGUEROA fays*, *' They failed from Callao, the 10th of
January 1567, and reached the coaft of Mexico, 22d of
January 1568. They ran from Callao with contrary winds
1450 leagues, when they difcovered a fmall ifland, inhabited •!•,
in 6 deg. 45 min. S. which Mendana named Isla de Jesus.

At 160 leagues from this ifland they fell in with a large ledge
of rocks, and fmall iflands within them in 6 deg. 15 deg. S.
which were named the Baxos de la Candaleria J, they
lay N. E. and S W. and might be 15 leagues in circuit alto-
gether §.

".if™

• Correal's Abridgment.

f " By Mulattoes." Pingre from Figueroa.

J Thefe appear to be Onthong Java.

§ " They were feventeen days from Ida de Jefus to B. de la Candaleria ; at Ifla de
Jefus they ieg^n to have contrary winds, much rain, thunder and lightning •, certain
figns of great land being near." Fingre, p. 23.

They

46 The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

** They faw another land, which they named St a. Isabella,
very populous, at fix leagues to the S, E. of a port, in it they
found two fmall iflands in 8 deg. S."

FiGUEROA then gives an account of the reft of the Salomon
iflands ; the fartheft fouth he mentions, except St. Christo-
VAL, which has a port in 11 deg. S. is a vulcano, named Se-
SARGA, 8 leagues in circuit, in 9 deg. 45 min. S. beyond which
is Guadalcanal. Figueroa does not mention the latitude of
Guadalcanal, nor does he give any longitude of thefe iflands.
He fays they ftood N. from Christoval, into 3 deg. S. where
they had figns of land, and thought it was New-Guinea.

There feems to me no room to doubt, that what Mendana
named Salomon iflands, are what Dampier named New-
Britain. I have difcuflfed this matter in a particular memoir,
and fliall therefore avoid faying any thing in this place on the
fubjedt ; but having determined the fituation of the Salomon
iflands, the defcription which follows from the Spanifli writers
above referred to, will be intelligible.

It is much to be regretted that hitherto my endeavours to
procure the original of Figueroa have been fruitlefs. By
Coreal's abridgment, it is very obvious Thevenot has tran-
fcribed from him the fragment of Mendana's voyage in 1595,
which remains in feme copies of his collection. The abridgment
of that voyage and of Torquemada, in Coreal, are very
brief and imperfedt, and if the voyage in 1 567, be equally cur-
tailed, the original of Figueroa muft be extremely valuable.

It would be ufelefs to enter into a dry detail of names, where
the fituation of each particular ifland could not be determined :
it is therefore propofed to give the defcription of the whole from
the Spanifli writers, whofe accounts are indeed general.

Her-

The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Bffore 1595.

Herrera fays, " The Salomon iflands are confiderable in
number and fize i the moft remarkable being 18, fame of 300
leagues in circuit, two of 200, and of 100, and of 50, and of
lefs ; befides many whofe circuits have not been difcovered, and
it is faid, that they may, perhaps, make a continent with
New- Guinea, and the undifcovered land to the weftward of
the Strait *. The whole of thefe iflands appeared to be of a
good climate, habitable, and fertile in provifions and cattle :
there was found in them fome fruits common in Europe, hogs
and fowls. Great many natives of a brown colour hke Spani-
ards, others white, red, and black negroes; which is a proof of
their adjoining to New-Guinea, where fuch variety of people
as refort to the Spice iflands might have been mixed."

Acosta, who twice mentions the difcovery of the Salomon
iflands, in the laft place fays, ** Alvaro Mendana, and his
companions, failing from Lima to the wefliward, at the end
of three months, found the iflands of Salomon, which are
many and large : it is an opinion, well grounded, that they lye
clofe to New-Guinea, or, at leaft, that there is a continent
very near."

Lopez Vaz, a Portuguefe, taken in 1586, by captain
WiTHRiNGTON in the river Plate, alfo mentions the difco-
very of the Salomon iflands, in the hiftoryfound in his pofTefllon ;
an abridged tranflation whereof we have in Hacluit, from
whom PuRCHAS has alfo copied it. According to Lopez Vaz,
*« Castro, viceroy of Peru, fenta kinfman of his, Alvarez
DE MiNDANio, general of the fleet, Pedro Sarmiento, his
lieutenant, and in the vice-admiral Pedro de Ortega.

*' The fleet departing from Lima, failed 800 leagues weft-
ward off the coaft of Peru, where they found certain iflands,
in II deg. S. inhabited by a kind of people of a yellowilQh com-

* Of Magalhanes.

plexion.

RiH

48 The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

plexion, and all naked, whofe weapons are bows and arrows,
and darts. The beafls they faw here were hogs and little dogs,
and they found fome hens j here alfo they found a mufter of
cloves, ginger, and cinnamon ; though the cinnamon was not
of the beft : and here appeared unto them likewife fome fliew
of gold. The firft ifland that the Spaniards difcovered, they
named Sta. Isabella ; and here they built a fmall pinnace,
wherewith, and the (hip's boat, they found out between 9 deg.
and 15 deg. S. latitude, eleven great iflands, being, one with
another, 80 leagues in compafs. The greateft ifland they called
after the firft finder, Guadalcanal, on the coaft whereof they
failed i5oleagues before they could know whether it was an ifland
or part of the main land : and yet they knew not perfectly what
to make of it, but think it may be part of that continent which
ftretches to the ftrait of Magalhanes, for they coafted it to
18 deg. S. * and could not find the end thereof. The gold that
they found was upon Guadalcanal, where they landed, and
took a town, finding fmall grains of gold in the houfes ; but the
Spaniards, not underftanding the language of the country, and
the Indians, who were very ftout men, continually fighting
againft them, they could never learn from whence that gold
came, nor yet what ftore there was in the land."

Lopez Vaz unfairly charges the Indians as the aggreflbrsi he
fays, that fourteen Spaniards having gone afliore to water, were,
on a fudden, befet by the Indians in four canoes, who took the
fliip's boat, and killed all the people. But Pingre, from
Figueroa, tells us, " The cazique of the place had con-
ceived a great afFedion for Mendana ; but a difpute arofe with
him about a young man whom the Spaniards had feized, and
would not return, though the cazique demanded him back :

* Probably an error of the prefs for 15 deg.

hereupon

Ti!E SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

iiereupon nine Spaniards *, commanded by the fteward, going
afhore for water, were maffacred by the Indians ; next day re-
vens;e was taken ; fevcral Indians were killed, and villages
burnt. It was captain Pedro Sarmiento that Mendana
fent to make thefe reprifals."

LdPEz Vaz fays, that upon the Indians killing the people
belonging to the boat, " The Spaniards went alhore in their
pinnace, and burnt the town, and in this town they found the
gold abovementioned. They were difcovering thefe iflands

about fourteen months -f*.

** The Indians ufe to go to fea in great canoes, that will carry
100 men a-piece, wherein they have many conflidts with one
another, but to the Chriftians they could do no great harm j for
with a fmall pinnace, and two falcons, a few may overcome
100 of them.

<* He that pafjeth the Strait of Mag alh anes, or faileth from
the coaft of Chili diredly for the Malucos, muft needs run in
fight of fome of thefe iflands, at which you may furnifh your-
felf with plenty of viduals, as hogs, hens, excellent almonds,
potatoes, fugar-canes, with divers other forts, fit for the fufte-
nance of man, in great abundance j alfo amongft thefe iflands,
you fhall have fome quantity of gold, which the Indians will
give you in truck for other commodities : for the Spaniards, in
their difcovery of thefe iflands, not feeking gold, brought
home notwithflianding 40,000 pezos J with them, befides great
ftore of cloves and ginger, and fome cinnamon alfo, which is
not fo good as in other places."

* Lopez Vaz fays fourteen.

t This muft mean from Peru back to Peru, for Figueroa fays, they failed from
Callao I oth of January 1567 and reached the coaft of Mexico 22d January 1568.
X Dollars.

LoPEir

50 The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

Lopez Vaz adds, that ** when they thought to have fent
colonies unto thefe iflands, captain Drake entered the South
Sea, whereupon commandment was given, that they fhould not
be inhabited, that the Englifh, or others, who pafs the Strait
of Magalhanes to go to the Malucos, might have no fuc-
cour there, but fuch as they got from the Indians."

Arias, in his memorial, fays, ** The Adelentado Alvaro
Mendana de Neyra, difcovered New-Guadalcanal,
which is a very large ifland, very near New-Guinea. Some
have imagined, that what Mendana called New-Guadal-
canal, is part of New-Guinea. New-Guinea is in the
fbuthern hemifphere, and was fome time before difcovered; and
fince, almofl all has been difcovered on the outfide. It is a
country encompafTed with water*, and according to the greateft
part of thofe who have feen it, Spaniards, and other nations,
it is 700 leagues in circuit : others make it much more. The
middle of thefe large iflands is in 13 deg. to I4deg. S.

** Afterwards the Adelentado Mendana difcovered the
archipelago of iflands called the iflands of Salomon, whereof,
great and fmall, he faw thirty- three, of very fine profpeft, in.
1 1 deg. S. their middle, according to his relation."

In the abridgment Coreal gives of Figueroa, there are no
eircumfliances of defcription, except in regard to the fituation ^ ,
in M. PiNGRfe's we are told, that *' from the Baxos de.
LA Candaleria, Mendana had fight, of land, towards
which he failed, and anchored in a port, which was named:
Sta. Isabella de la Estrella •!•.. They conftrudted a.
brigantine, in which Mendana fent Pedro de Ortegaj his
M". de Campo, and Hernan Gallego, his chief pilot, with
1 8 foldiers and 12 failors, to go round the ifland, whereto
they gave the name of Isabella, or Sta. Isabella..

• A'ljlada. I imagine, in this place it rather fignifiesyJ^ara/^^/ //j/a //7(7;7^r,
t Coreal does not fay S^*, Ifabella was in fight from Baxos de la Candaleria.

They

((

The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

** They failed to the S. E. as the coaft lay, and at fix leagues
from the port, they found two fmall iflands, with great rows *
of palms, in 8 deg. latitude j and in the fame courfe faw many
othejr iilands. They alfo found a large bay, with eight iflands,
all inhabited."

As it feems impoflible to clear up the fourcc of the very great
difcordance of fituation, it would be ufelefs to attempt it ; but
this confufion has obfcured the early difcoveries fo much, that
many have, ridiculoufly, been led from thence, to think them
all, at leajiy fupicious. There can be no doubt that the Salomon
iflands, difcovered in 1567, were confidered to be well worth
attention i but every new undertaking muft be dragged' up a
very deep hill; and it feldom happens, that thofe who from their
fituation are enabled, have the ability to judge of fuch enter-
prizes, and are inclined from fpirit and virtue to promote them.

It will not be amifs to obferve in this place, that the Spani-
ards, to bring places within their line of demarcacioriy reckoned
the diftance acrofs the Pacific Ocean much too little in their
early voyages-j-.

Having mentioned the line of demarcaciont it will be proper
to explain the ternit and free the fubjedt from fome very erro-
neous mifconftruftions, which even authors of reputation have
been led into.

When the fpirit of difcovery was warm in Spain and Por-
tugal, it was forefeen that difputes would arife about limits.
It was, therefore, referred to the pope to fettle a line oi demar^
caciony which fliould determine the limits of each. This line
may be called th^ Jirjl meridian: it was placed 370 leagues
to the weftward of St. Antonio, one of the Cape Verde

• Alas.

t Vide Gaetan, in Ramufio, and Cefpedes Hydrographia ; the former being
about 40 deg. deficient of the true diftance between Mexico and the Philipinas.

H 2 iflands.

' *■" V

f||i

:|:

ijljffll

ill

The SPANISH DISCOVERIES Before 1595.

iflands. All in the eaftern hemifphere appertaining ta Portu-
gal } and in the weftern to Spain : it was not all difcoveries
made to the nvejiward by the onCf and to the eajiward by the
other» but within the hemifphere ; and the Spanifh preteniions
to the Malucos, was grounded on a prefumed fallacy of the
Portuguefe, in reprefenting the longitudes of the eaftern parts
of India much lefs than they really were. Experience of mo-
dern times has confirmed the Portuguefe reports, and confuted
the Spaniih, who, neverthelefs, continue to hold the Phili-
pinas againft the pope's bull ♦.

• Vide Cefpedcs's Hydrographia, where the judgment of the pilots ii preferved.
P. 129 to I53> folio^ Madrid x6o6.

JUAN

JUAN FERNANDEZ'

JUAN FERNANDEZ is better known by the iflands
to which he gave his name in 1572, than by the more im-
portant difcovery he made of the Southern Continent.

All I can find related of this perfonage is in Arias's Memo-
rial ; he fays, ** A pilot, named Juan Fernandez, who difco-
vered the track from Lima to Chili by going to the weftward
(which till then had been made with much difficulty, as they
kept along fliore, where the foutherly winds almoft conftantly
prevail), failing from the coaft of Chili about the latitude of
40 deg. little more or lefs, in a fmall fhip, with fome of his
companions, in courfes between W. and S. W. was brought ia"
a month's time to a coaft, from what he could judge of the
continent t very fertile and agreeable, inhabited with white
people, mighty well diipofed, of our ftature, cloathed with
very fine cloths, and fo peaceable and civil, that in every
manner they could exprefs, they offered every thing in their
power, and of the riches and fruits of their country, which ap-
peared very rich and plentiful. But (being overjoyed to havedif-
covered the coaft of that Great-Continent, fo much defired)
he returned to Chili, intending to go back properly fitted, and
to keep it a fecret till they and their friends could return on the
difcovery. It was delayed from day to day, till Juan Fernan-
dez died, when, with his death, this matter, fo important,,
funk into oblivion.

Cirdter
1576.

Ini

Circiter
1576.

JUAN FERNANDEZ* VOYAGE.

In regard to this, it muft be obferved, that many have re-
lated this difcovery of Juan Fernandez in the following man-
ner, affirming that they had it thus from himfelf, viz. That
going to the weft ward from Lima, to difcover the track to
Chili, feeking times for it, and getting off fliore, (where almoft
always the winds are fouth) a certain fpace of longitude (which
he would, at a proper time, declare) ; and then ftanding fouth,
with little deviation, to the adjoining points, he difcovered the
faid coaftof the Southern Continent in the latitude (which
he would alfo tell when expedient), from whence he made his
voyage to Chili.

** Other relations, much worthy of belief, place this dif-
covery as before related ; but whether it happened in this or
the other manner, or two different difcoveries, it is a thing mofl
certain that he did difcover the coaft of the Southern Land ;
for fo has been tcftified by perfons of much credit and autho-
rity, to whom the faid Juan Fernandez communicated the
account, with the above-mentioned circumftances of the country
and people which he difcovered: and one of thefe witncffes,
whom I can here mention to your Majefty, was M". de Campo
DE Cortes, a man extremely worthy of credit, as is known, and
who has been employed in Chili near fixty years, who heard it
from the faid pilot, and faw the defcription he brought of the

faid coaft.

«* On this coaft Juan Fernandez faw the mouths of very
large rivers, from whence, and from what the natives inti-
mated, and becaufe they were pedple fo la/iifey fo well clac', and
in every thing fo different from thofe of Chili and all Peru, he
concluded it certainly the coaft of the Southern Continent,
which appeared much.better and richer than that of Peru."

ISLANDS

ISLANDS OF FONTACIAS.

PREVIOUS to the voyage of Men DAN A in 1595, a few
words will be proper of the iflands Fontacias, fo named
in the time of the marquis of Cannete i the only mention I have
found made of thefe iflands, is in ** Lima Fundada," a poem,
by Dr. D. Pedro de Peralta Barnuevo Rocha y Be-
NAViDEs, printed at Lima, 1732, 2 vols. 4to. It does not ap-
pear when or by whom the difcovery was made. In a note*,
Peralta fays,

«* The iflands Fontacias were fo named in the time of the
marquis of Cannete j they extend from 12 deg. to 30 deg. S.
to the weft of the coaft of Peru ; their inhabitants, it is faid,
have come in canoes to trade with the towns of Chincha,
Pisco, and Acari. According to the original difpatch of the
viceroy abovementioned, in which he appoints D.Juan Roldan
Davila general for the conqueft, and fettling them, under
date 15th July, 1592; and two royal fchedules ift December
1613; andiftMay 1638. This intimation is very furprifing,,
for they are not found in any map of this fea, nor are they
mentioned in any of the fubfcquent voyages of the Spaniards,,
or foreigners, who have cruized to the weftward of this coaft j
wherefore, it may be fuppofed, the report was without founda-
tion.

The marquis of Cannete having named D. Juan Roldan
Davila general for the difcovery and fettling the iflands
Fontacias, he, for this purpofe, equipped two fliips at his
own expencej but one of them was employed againft Sir

Richard Hawkins," and by that means
dropped.

♦'Vol. I. p. 195.

the expedition.

Ido)

56 ISLANDS op FONTACIAS.

I do not find Peralta accurate in his relations, he is parti-
cularly erroneous in his account of Mendana (p. 473.) *' who
(he fays) was fent by the marquis of Cannete to difcovcr the Sa-
lomon iflands, with three fhips, in 1580," though the marquis
did not come to the government till 1590. Peralta jumbles
X\itfa£ts of the two voyages together, and miftakes other cir-
cumflances.

It is obvious a// the circumftances mentioned of the iflands
Fantacias cannot be true j but I think there muft have been
fome authority for the report of fuch iflands.

Penelo de Leon * mentions " Don Andres de Medina
Davila memorial al Rey, &c. memorial to the King^ requejling
the conquejl and peopling the Salomon ijlands, failing from Acca-
p u L CO with thejhips of the Ph i l i pin a s j and a difcourfe, proving
the advantages to the In dies from tliisfettlement, and a reply to all
the inconveniencies which can be alledged againji it, 1 647. M, S. O.
in the library ^Barcia."

Perhaps he may have been a defcendant of Juan Roldan
Davila, andiffo, probably his memorial may contain fome-
thing of thefe iflands. Gimelli calls him Antonio de Me-
dina j and Padre Murillo tells us, he was made captain of
the galleon from Accapulco, but the governor, who was
aboard, difplaced him at fea; when they got to the Philipinas,
he wrent away in a boat, intending to go to Spain from China,,
;but was never afterwards heard of.

* Biblioth. orient, y ocidcnt. p. 671,

A D E-

Addentado Alvaro Mendana de Neyra's

THERE are two relations publiflied of Mend ana's voyage
in 1595* the one is a letter from QuiRos to Dr. Don An-
tonio MoRGA, who was lieutenant-general of the Philipinas,
at the time Quiros arrived at Manila, and afterwards, in
1616, prefident of the Royal Audience of Quito; this letter
MoRGA has inferted in a work he publiflied at Mexico in
1609*. He there fays, * That in April, 1595, the Adelentado
Alvaro de Mendana de Neyra failed from Callao de
Lima, in Peru, to fettle the Salomon iflands, difcovered many
years before in the South Sea, and the chief of them named
St. Christoval. He carried four fliips, two large, the
capitana and almiranta, a frigate and a gallefta, with 400 -j- men
in all, his wife Donna Ysabel Barretos, and three 'brothers-
in-law. He difcovered other iflands in the voyage, whereat he
did not tarry, as they were not what he was bound to. Having
parted with the almiranta, he anchored with the other fliips at
an ifland of negroes, near New-Guinea, whereto he gave the
name of Sta. Cruz ; and there he fettled, not much to the
fatisfaftion of his people. The Adelentado died there, as did
two of his brothers, and many of the crew. Donna Ysabel
Barretos withdrew the eftablifliment, on account of their

• Sucefos de las Philipinas, 410. Mexico, 1609, cap. VI. p. 29.

t Coreal fays, from Figueroa, 378 men, (vol. II. p. 397). Pingre (p. 31.) alfo
from Figueroa, fays 368 perfons were embarked, the greater part married ; 208
were able to bear arms.

I ficknefs

»595-

5? ALVARO MEN DANA de NEYRA's

*S9S' (icknefs and wants, and embarked the people who remained, in
the capitana, frigate, and galleila, which got by another track to
the river of Botuan on Mindanao * j the capitana having en-
dured great diflreifes, got to Manila. Donna Ysabel Bar-
RETos having at Manila married Don Fernando de Castro,
returned in his fhip St. Geronimo to New-Spain in 1596,
fuch being the end of this voyage. I have inferted (fays Morg a)
the relation which Pedro Fernandez de Qutros gave under
his hand.'

There cannot be a more authentic teftimony than a man of
rank and charadter thus producing a letter from the difcoverer
himfelf, written to him at the time of the difcovery, and pub-
liflied during the life of Quiros. The other relation is a frag-
ment preferved in Thevenot; it isonlefs diftindt authority^
but it is evidently a tranfcript of Figueroa, whofe hiftory of
Garcia Hurtado de MEND09A, fourth marquis of Cannetc,
was publiihed in 161 3 -j-.

There are alfo two abridgments of Figueroa, one by Co-
real, the other by Pingre ; I have not been able to procure a,
copy of Figueroa.

QuiRos's relation, as might be expected in a letter, is more
fuccinft ; but there are fome circumftances in it, which incline
me to believe, that Figueroa, who fpeaks in the third perfon,
has taken a relation of Quiros, as the ground-work, and added
fome things from the report of other perfons who were in the
voyage.

» Figueroa fays, " The frigate after leaving S'». Cruz loft company, and riever.
" more appeared ; it was reported that it had been found with all its fails fet, and
*♦ the people dead and rotten, driven afliore upon the coaft of a certain part ; the
" galleota got to Camiguing, near Mindanao" Fragment in Thevenot.

■f Hechos de Don Garcia Hurtado deMendo^a, /^.^ marquis de Cannete, & Chrifto-
val Suarez de Figueroa, 4to. 161 3. Pingre mentions an edition, 410. Madrid,
1656. Pingre Memoir, fur Ic Tranfitde Venus 1769, 410. Paris 1767.

The

The letter of Quiros informs us of fevcral circumftances re-
garding the perfons employed in the expedition ; thefe it may
be proper to mention in this place: Mend ana's brother-in-law.
Lope oe la Vega, was admiral ; Pedro Fernandez de
Quiros chief pilot J and Pedro Merino Manriquez, M".
de Campo. According to fiGUEROA, the capitana was
named St. Jerome j the almiranta, St. Isabella ; the
gallefta St. Philippe, captain Philippe C0R90; and the fri-
gate St. Catalina, was, according to Figueroa, under
the diredion of lieutenant Alonso de Leyla *, but Quiros
fays it was commanded by captain Don Lorenzo, brother to
M:",nd ana's wife. On the eighth of Oftober the Mre. de
Campo and Thomas de Ampuero were hanged, and enfign
Juan de Buy beheaded, for mutinous and diforderly behaviour
at the ifland of Sta. Cruz. The admiral's (hip parted from the
reft the night they difcovered that ifland, and was never heard
of. The Adelentado died the i8th of Odtoberf. Don Lo-
renzo, his brother-in-law, who, by the lofs of the admiral,
had fucceeded as captain-general, died the 2d November j and
before feven or eight days, the clerigo Antonio de Serpaj
and on the 8th November the vicar Juan de Espinosa. On
the 18th, by order of the governefs. Donna Ysabel Barre-
tos, Mendana's widow, they departed from thefe iflands,
many of their people being fick, as they had few refrefhments,
and were in great want of medicines.

* Pingre from Figueroa, p. 31.

+ "The grief which thefe melancholy events occafioned to Mendana, joined to the
" fatigue of the voyage, and the obftruftions he continually met with, brought him in
" a few days to his grave : he died the i8th 0£lober, at one in the afternoon, at the
•« age of 54." Pingre, p. 41, 42, from Figueroa, fo that he was born in 1541.
« By his will, which he had fcarce ftrength to fign, he named his wife, Donna Yfa-
« bel Barretos, governefs of the fleet, and Don Lorenzo Barretos, his brother-in-
" law, captain-general." Idem.

59
•S9S-

rf!

i' i
..iij

';S^

if,

'■•»|f!

iMi

I 2

Quiros,

>ik

»S95'

ALVARO MEN DANA de NEYRA'^s^

QuiROS, in the conclufion of his letter to Morga, fays,^

* Befides my defire to ferve you. Sir, my motive for leaving

* with you this fhort relation, is, that there may remain an ac-

* count of the voyage, in cafe God fhould fodifpofe of my per-

* fon, or any other accident happen, that I, or what I carry

* fhould be loft; and a light be left towards effecting a bufinefs

* of much fervice to God, and to our fovereign : you, Sir, muft

* be fo kind to accept the good inclination I have to do you any

* fervice; if God reftores me to port, I fliall have room to fhew it

* better; and you muft alfo forgive my being fo brief, as the little

* time I have is the fault. The fecret being with me, I muft in-

* treat you that nobody know it; it is proper the first islands
« remain concealed till his Majefty is informed, and can ordet

* what is expedient for his fervice : for as they are in, the inter-

* mediate fpace between Peru, New-Spain, and the Philipi-

* N as, ftiould the Englifli, on getting an account of them, mak«

* an eftablifhment there, it would be of very bad confequence.!
Arias gives, fome further elucidation into the view of, Men.-

dana's voyage in 1595. He fays, * The intention was to people
the ifland St. Christoval, from thence to difcover the coaft
of the fouthern continent. He difcovered, a little to the eaftr
ward of St. Christovai,, the ifland St a. Cruz, in 10 deg..
S. which was more than 100 leagues in circuit, very fertile and
populous.' Arias alfo mentions the difputes between the Adcr
lentado and his foldiers, the execution of fome of the firft ranl?^
and his death foon after.

In the following relation of Mendana's voyage, QyiRos's
letter to Morga, the Spanifti fragment in Thevenot, as well
as the abridgments of Figueroa by Coreal and Pin ore,,
have been collated, and the circumftances redued to one con-
nedted detail ; thofe from the fragment are denoted by two in-,
verted commas ", and Quiros's letter is diftinguifhed by a

fingle

V o

6:l(

ffngle inverted comma *, and where the fragment differs from

this letter, it is exprefled in a note. The tranflation of both is

almofl literal.

* Friday, 9th April,, 1595 *, the Adelentado, Alvaro Men-

* DANA deNevra, failed from C ALL AG, intending to fettle

* the Salomon iflands : going to the vallies of Truxillo and
« Sena to colled people and provifions; he palled on to Paita,

* where having watered and enlifted about 400 -f* people ; he
*■ failed :|; with his four (hips from that port, which is in 5 deg.

* S. lat. to the W.S.W. iaqueftof the iilands of his difcovery.

* In this CQurfe he faile^f to the latitude 9 ^ deg. S. with the

* wind at S. E. " and S. S. E. § " from hence W. by S. to 14

* deg. S. and then changed his courfe to W. by N. " The 21ft
" July they obferved the height of the fun, and found them-
** felves in 10 deg. 50 min. S. ||

" At five in the evening " they got fight of an ifland " to
*' the N. W. by N. 10 leagues diftant f * to which the general,

* from the day, gave the name of La Magdalena. " Next
«< day they got near Ihore ; " from a port of it (** near a moun-
** tain) on the fouth fide of the ifland in lo deg. S." came

* out in all, above 400 Indians, in 70 vefliels **, in fome more,

* fome lefs people ; others fwimming, others upon floats : they

* were white, and of a gentle difpofition, large, flout- limbed,

* and fo well fliaped, as greatly to furpafs the Spaniards ; they.

* had beautiful teeth, eyes, and mouths, delicate fine hands and.

>J9S«

* Coreal fays nth April;
t Corcal fays 378 men, Pingre 368 perfons.
X " 1 6th June," Cereal, Vol. II. p. 397. Pingre, p. 31.
§ Pingre, p. 31.

II Idem. Quiros fays *• having in this track reached the latitude of full lO deg. S.
" 2ifl; July they got fight," &c.
•I Pingre, p, 31.
** 70 naos en que veniaii de tres en tres en otras mas 6 meiios.

2 * feet,.

(

««

«(

((

(

(
<

«
4

ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA's

feet, flowing hair, and many of them were very ruddy*; and
amongft them fome of the moft beautiful boys ; all of them
naked, and without covering to any part j and all their bodies,
legs, and arms, and fome of them with their faces painted in the
manner of the Bissay as -f . Thefe people feemed to invite the
Spaniards to go to their port, ** pointing with the finger to
their ifland and port; they fpoke very loud, and repeated very
often Atalut and Analut. Being got to the (hips, they
offered coconuts, a kind of nuts, a certain meat, particularly
refembling pates, folded up in leaves, good plantans, and wa-
ter; they took one by the hand, anc^ hauled him into the (hip ;
the others, incited by thefe inftances of good treatment given
to him," above forty came aboard the capitana : mofl of the
men appeared of low ftature compared to them, and amongft
them came One who was taller than any perfon in the armada p
To fome the general gave fhirts and other things ; thefe they
received with much fatisfadtion, dancing with them accord-
ing to their cuftom, and calling to their companions. The
general, out of all patience with their tricks, for they were
great thieves, ** madefigns to them to retire j they refufed to
do it, and" he gave orders to fire, with intent to frighten
them; when they heard this, they leaped into the water, and
fwam back to the canoes §; all put themfelves on their defence.

• Y muchas de cllos muy rubios.

+ The Biflayas inhabit fome of the fouthem Philipinas ; originally many were
painted, or rather punftuated ; the pafTage in Quiros's letter is not intelligible, viz.
♦• Biflayas, que es ^ierto gente barbara y defnuda, y de tan poca razon avia de verlos
«* de que alabar mucho a Dies que los crio, y no parefca encare9imento que es afli,"

X 40 de ellas que parCcian mas hombres menos demarca junto a ellos y entre ellos
bino uno q\.e fe entendio fer mas, que el mas alto hombre de n*. armada hombres
de mas demarca.

§ Pingre fays, " One alone held faft by the foot of a table, without their being
'' sl>le to make him let go his hold, till a foldier wounded him in the hwid with the

and

'4'

G E.

•<

«(

* and founding a fliell*, fome difcharged, and others threat-
« ened with their lances, having no other arms j from the fhip

* they fired at them, and killed five or fix. ** Some other Indians
threw (lones with flings, one of them wounded a foldier after
it had ftruck the fhip's fide j the Spaniards would have fired,

** but the powder would not take, becaufe it had rained. It was
** worth obferving the buftle and noife with which the Indians
** came on, and how fome, when they faw aim taken at them,.
** either hung by their canoes -f, or flunk behind their compa-
" nions. The dcfperate old fellow :): was (hot with a bullet in
** the forehead, with which he fell down dead, and eight or
nine more with him i fome being wounded, the reft were
flopped. The fliips continuing under fail, prefently three
•* Indians came out in a canoe, crying aloud § ; one of them;
** had a green bough, and a white thing in his hand, which was
judged to be a fignal o^ peace. It was thought they defired
the Spaniards to go to their harbour, but they did not, and
fo they returned, leaving fome coconuts."
* This ifland is about fix leagues in circuit ||; it has high, ileep

* clififs to the feai it is mountainous, with vallies where the In-

* dians dwell j it appears very populous, " for, bcfides thofe who
** came out in the canoes, the cliffs and beach were full of

" point of a fword. The others to whom he fhewcd the wound, took him into their
«« canoes. This was the fignal of battle ; the Indians began by fixing a rope to the
« bowfprit of the {hip to drag her aOiore, but this was in vain ; one of them who
« carried an umbrella of palm-leaves, drew them up in line of battle. Another old
«« fellow, remarkable for the length of his beard, threatened the Spaniards with
«• geftures and looks (des yeux)."— Here the fragment in Thevenot begins.

* Caracol.

t Se ponian colgados de las canoas

X Viejo de las Braburas. Vide note § page 62. -

§ Dando voces.

II Fragment fays, « It appears to be 10 leagues in circuit.

" them.

«,f

'595*

64 ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA'j

■i595« ** them. Men DANA did not know this ifland, and faid, it
** was not one of thofe they were in queft of." * The (hips

* paffed on the fouth fide,* ** where is the harbour." * The
' (hips (landing on, difcovered three other iflands, to which

* they direcfted their courfe.

* The firft was named St. Pedro; it lies lo leagues

* N. by W. from La Magdalena, and is 3 leagues in cir-

* cuit *. It is an ifland of a good profpedt, ** having much wood
" and (ine plains, it is level, and not very high : " they did

* not approach near enough to know if it was inhabited.

* To the N. W. -f- of St. Pedro, about 5 leagues, is ano-

* ther, which the general named La Dominica, it is of a very
« (inc pro(|)e(fl, and appears very populous; it is about 15 leagues

* in circuit ; ** it lies N. E. andS, W. X it appearec'. delightfully
pleafant, with (ine plains, and rifing grounds, on which

*• were feen fpots of thick woods."

* To the fouth of La Dominica, at little more than a league

* diftance, is another ifland, which is 8 leagues in circuit § ; it

* was named St. Christina. Through the channel, between

* it and La Dominica, the fquadron paiTed, " it is clear" with

* foundings; ** all parts of thefe iflands which they faw, are very
** clear: the ifland St. Christina is well peopled; it is high in
*« the middle, and has hills || and vallies where the Indians

" dwell."

«♦ The Adelentado named all thefe iflands together Las
" Marquesas de MEND09A, in memory of the marquis of Can-

* «« lour leagues in circuit." Fragment.

f Quiros fays S, E. but this is obvioufly an error, probably in the original.
•< N. W. arid S. E. with St. Pedro"

t Pingre, p. 33, fays, " from N.W. toS. E."
§ « Nine leagues," FragrneiU,
II Quebradas.

nete.

((
((
*i
*t
ft
it
*t
*t
«
*t
tt
<(
((
tt
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt

tt
t(
tt

VOYAGE.

nete, and in acknowledgment for the many favours he had
received in his difpatch.

•* The fquadron failing backward and forward, feeking a
harbour in the ifland Dominica, feveral canoes of Indians
came out from it, fome of a darker colour than others*, and
crying ont, fhewed the fame inclination as thofe they had
pafled ; there came amongft them an old man of a good coun-
tenance, who carried in one hand a green bough, and a white
thing in the other; he was calling juft as the fhips put about,
and he, believing they were going away, began a-new to cry
out "f- : he made figns with his own hair if, and pointed with
his finger to his country. The Adelentado fhewed a defire
to go thither, but it was impoflible, becaufe it wcs to the
eaft, and that wind blew frefh, and becaufe they did not fee
any fafe harbour, where they might anchor, though the fri-
gate went clofe in fhore, to look for one : here they faid
were many more people than had been feen from the fliips :
alfo they added, that an Indian had come aboard, who, with
much eafe, lifted up a calf by the ear.
** At this time four handfome Indians had entered the capi-
tana, where having remained a little while, one (as it were
carelefly) fnatched a favourite little bitch, and giving a fliout,
all of them leaped into the fea, with afmartair ||, and fwim-
ming, carried her to their canoes.

** The next day (which was the Apoftle St. James), the general
again fent the M". de Campo to St. Christina, with twenty
men in the boat, to feek water, or a harbour j he went :
being anchored in one, he landed with the men in good order

«j

«S95'

* Algunos de color mas morenos que ctros.

+ Comen9o a darde nuevo muchas vozes.

% Hazia fennas con fus mefmos cabellos y con ellos y con el dedo, &c.

II Gallardo brio.

•S9S'

<(
«(
((
i(
«(
(«
«c
((
li
<<

((
i<
tt
«<
((
«
((
({
i«
((

ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA's

to the found of drum. He went round a town, the Indians of
it remaining quiet ; he halted, and called to them : about
300 came. 1 he Spaniards drew a line on the ground, making
figns to them that they muft not come over it; and aflcing wa-
ter, they brought it in coconuts, with other fruit. The In-
dian women came out, many of whom, the foldiers affirmed,
were extremely beautiful, and that they readily fat down clofe
to them very fociably *. The M". de Campo told the Indi-
ans to go and fill certain jars with water, but they made
figns for the Spaniards to carry them ; flying with four of
them, for which they were cannonaded.
** The 28th July the Adelentado anchored with the fqua-
dron, in a port the M". de Campo had found : this port they
named Madre de Digs; it is in 9 4. deg. S. on the weft -f- fide
of the ifland, fheltered from all winds i the Ihape of it is like
an horfe-fhoe, with a narrow mouth. At the entrance there
is thirty fathom clean fand, twenty-four in the middle of the
harbour, and twelve clofe to the fhore. The marks to know
it, are, a hill on the fouth fide :):, fteep to the fea, in the higheft
part of it is to be feen a peak (although there are others), and
on the north fide an hollow rocli §. There appears five gaps
in the trees ||, when a-breaft of the harbour, and a hill which
divides two ftrands, with a fpring of excellent water, which
falls from the height of a fathom and a half f , as thick as a

* Y que avian fido faciles en fentarfe junto a ellos en buena converfacion.

t Quiros fays " Efte," eaft. Probably an error of the copyift, omitting ; he
gives the fame latitude: he fays, '* there is a fine rivulet clofe to the beach, of very
" fine water; it falls from a hill about twice a man's height, above four or five fingeiis
♦« broad, and clofe to it is a fmall brook of water."

X Tajada.

§ Roca con cava.

[I Defcubrenfe 5 quebradas de arboleda que vienen a conformer con el puerto.

f Eftado y medio.

man's

((

VOYAGE.

** man's hand *, with a brook near it, not lefs good, it pafles
clofe to a little town which the Indians have therej lb that the
fpout -f-, town and brook are together at the beach, which is

" at the foot of the hill, on the north fide : there is in the
other of the fouth, fome houfes intermixed with trees, and on
the eaft fide fome craggy rocks |, whence the brook flows.
** Moft of the Indian men in this ifland did not feem fo white

** as thofe of La Magdalena."

QuiRos alfo fays, that * the Indian men did not look in

* countenance like the firft, but very fine women were Cecn here.

* I (fays he) did not fee them, but I was affured by perfons who

* thought them as beautiful women as thofe of Lima, but white,

* and not fo rofy§; and there are very beautiful at Lima.'
They have the fame manner of fpeech ||, the fame arms and
canoes which ferve them near at hand ^.
" Their town is like two fides of a fquare, one north and
fouth, the other eaft and weft, with the parts ** adjoin-
ing well paved f f : the reft like an open place, encompaflfed
with thick trees J;]:. Their houfes appear communities;
they are built §§ the floor higher than the
ftreet ; it appeared that they held many people in each of
them, becaufe there were many fixed beds ||||. Some had low
doors, others had all the front open. They are framed f ^ of

* Puno.

t Cano.

X Rifcos con algunas quebradas.

§ Quiros' expreflion is, « Pero blancas, y no tan albas."

II Ufodehablar.

f Que fe fervan de circa.

** Pertenencias.

tt Empedrados.

tt Pla9enana cenida con efpefos arboles.

§§ Hechas a modo de Galpones y de dos aguas.

III! Camas fenaladas.

f f Armadas.

K 2 « timber

((

«S95-

m I'

\ si'

«S9$-

<<
(<
(«

4<
44
44
44
44
44
4(
44

(4
44
44
44
(4
44

ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA's

timber, interwoven with great canes ♦, whofc joints, as big
as a man's arm, arc five palms long.

" They affirm the women are moft beautiful in counte-
nance -f-, have delicate hands, genteel body and waifle, ex-
ceeding much in perfcdion the moft beautiful of Lima.
They were fufficiently white :|:. They went, from the brcaft
downward, clad with a fort of tunicks, artfully woven of the
fineft palm §. The temperament, health, ftrcngth, and
corpulency of thofe people tell what is the climate they live
in j cloaths II could well be born with night and day; the
fun did not moleft much ; there fell fome fmall ^ fhowers of
rain. They never perceived ** lightning or dew, but great dry-
nefs f -t* i fo that, without hanging up, they found dry on the
morning the things which were left wet on the ground at
night : though they could not know if it was fo all the year.
" At a diftance :|:4:from the town was an oracle, furrounded
with palifades, with the entrance to the weft, and a houfe al-
moft in the middle, with the door to the north, in which
were fome figures of wood, ill wrought, and there were
oflfered fome eatables, amongft which was a hog i this the fol-
diers took down; and wanting to take away other things, the
Indians hindered§§them, faying, by figns, that they fhould not

• Canutes.

t Afimian fer las mugeras bdlifTimas dc roftros, de Hndas manos, de gentil cuerno
y cintura, excediendo muchas en perfeftion a las mas hermofas de Lima.
X Baflaiitamente blanca.
§ Tcgidas fubtilmentc de menudifllmapalma.
II La ropa.

fl Huvo algunas aguaceros no grandes.
*• Niinca fe fentio raio.
tt Gran fequedad.
Xt Apartado.
)§ Les fueron a la mano.

touch

V o

G E.

<
(
«

(
t

€

touch them, intimating *, that they rcfpcdled that houfc and

figures."

• The Indians of this ifland feeing a negro with the Spani-
anls, made figns towards the fouth, faying that t/wre were
fuch, and that they went thither to fight j and thattht; others
had arrows, and that the great canoes, which they have, '.vent
there; as they could not converfe with them, and had not
much curiofity, there was no further enquiry made. But to
me (fays Quiros) Indians fo far detached in the ocean fcems
impoflible, unlefs there be a chain of land; for their veflels, &c.
do not indicate that they came thither by a long voyage.

« The things for food fccn in this harbour, were hogs and
fowls -f", fugar canes, very fine plantans, cocos, a fruit growing
on large trees, each fruit about the fizc of a large pine-apple. It
is a very goodfruit (fays Quiros), I have eaten much of it green,
roafted and boiled, and ripe ; it is fo fweet and good a fruit,
that, in my opinion, there is none fuperior, having nothing
to throw away but a little {hell :|:. There is another fruit,

inclofed in prickles," like chefnuts ; it much refembles
chefnuts in tafte, but is much bigger than fix chofnuts together.

* Dando a cntender.

t Fragment fays, Galinas de Caftilla.

X The fragment fays, '• The trees mentioned to be in the fquartv yield a certaia
fruit which comes to be like the head of a boy, whofe colour, v. hiii ripe, is a clear
green*, and extremely green, when unripe; the outfide appears with crofs rays,,
like the pine-apple j the figure is not quite round, it is fomewhat narrower at the
point than at the foot ; from hence grows a core f, which reaches to the middle, and
from this core a web|. It has no ftone nor kernel, nor anything ufclcfs §, except
the outfide {|, and it is thin, the reft is one mafs, with little juice when ripe, and lefs
when green. Much were eaten in every way^. It is fo delicious •*, that they
called it blanc manger ft- It was found to be wholfome and very nourifliing. The
leaves of its tree are large and very jaggedlJ, in the manner of the papays.

• Verde claro. f Pezon- % Y del pe.on una armadura de telas § Sin provecho.
I] Cafcara. ^ Dc todas man eras. ** Sabroia. ff Manjar bianco. |t -^rpadas.

2 ** It

'yMv

ii&if

A L V A R O M E TJ D A N A de N E Y R A's

•* Its figure is like a plain heart *," many of them were roafted
* and boiled.'

** There are nuts about the fize of ours in common, and al-
'• moft of the fame tafte, their fhell -|- is extremely hard,
** and without any joining j its kernel is not interwoven with
•• the fliell, but fo free, that when broke, it eafily comes out
•* whole. They eat, and carried away many, difcovering
*' at laft, this was an oily fruit." Many who eat them,
• • fufpeded they occafioned fluxes. ** They faw alfo Spanifh
♦* pumpkins fown on the fhore, and amongft them fome flow-
<* ers, though beautiful to the eye, without any fmell.

«* The Adelentado carried his wife, and moft of the people,
«* to hear the firft mafs which the vicar faid; at which the In-
*« dians continued on their knees with great filence and atten-
** tion, quietly doing whatever they faw done by the chriftians.
'* A beautiful Indian woman fat down near Donna Ysabel,
♦< with the intent to fan herfelf J j and of fo fair § hair, that fhe
** endeavoured to have fome of it cut off, but feeing that fhe
«« avoided it ||, it was forebore, not to difguft her.

" The general, in the king's name, took pofleffion of all the
** four iflands.

«* He walked round the townfj fowed maize before the Indi-
•* ans, and having held with them all amicable converfation, he
«* embarked, leaving the M'. de Campo afhore, with all the
♦* military.

• Corazon llano,
f Corteza.

I Hacerle ayre qu haccrfe aire.
§■ Tan rubios cabellos.

II Serecatava.

m Paffeo el pueblo.

** Scarce

((
<(
((
<(

€€
4t
<t
<<

*€
tt
<l

a
*(

ti
tt
tt
t*
It
tt
tt

** Scarce was Mfndana gone, when they fell into difputes
one with another*; fuch are the confequences of imprudent
management. The Indians difcharged many ftoncs and lances,
wherewith they wounded a foldier in one foot, without do-
ing any other harm. Upon this they fled to the woods -f-, car-
rying with them their children and wives. They were pur-
fued by our people to the woods if, firing at them continu-
ally. They retreated § to the tops || of three high hills, and
fortified themfelves there with intrenchments.
** In the mornings and evenings all with one voice made a fo-
norous and harmonious noife, which refounded in the dales ^,
and at laft they fliewed an inclination to do mifchief, throwing
lances and ftonesj but all their attempts were fruitlefs.
** The M". de Campo placed guard in three ports, to fecure
the town and beach, where the women were diverting them-
felves, and the failors getting water and wood for the (hips.
** The Indians feeing the little harm they did with their
arms, and the much they received from the mufquetry, en-
deavoured to come to an accommodation **. They made this
known, for the foldiers going by their lands -1-1-, they came out
lovingly to them, oflfering them bunches of plantans and other
fruits. They feemedto feel the want of their houfes, and were
/uppofed to afk by figns when they were to go J;}:. Then fome
came to the guards with things to eat, which they gave

7»

«S95-

* Quando fe travaron unos con otros,
t Al monte.
X Hafta embofcarfe,
§ Salieronfe. »

II Coronas de 3 altos cerros.

fl Todos a una vos hazian un rumor fonoro y concertado que retumbava por
la8 Quebradas, refpondianfe a gritos.
*» Procuravan amiftad y pazes.
tt Haciendas.
XX Supucfto preguntavan per fenas, &c.

♦• Ireely,

ALVARO MENDANA de N EYRA's

** freely, efpecially an Indian of good parts *, with whom
** the chaplain contradted great friendfliip, calling one another
*' comrades. He v/as taught to blefs himfelf, and fay Jesus
*' Maria. The others were, in the fame manner, in corre-
** fpondence with their new friends ; every one had his own,
** whom he fought out when he came, fitting down apart with
** him. They enquired of each other by %ns, how they
** called the heavens "f, earth, fea, fun, moon and ftars, and all
** other things they faw, and they told with demonftration of
** much pleafure. The laft accents they uttered J at parting,
** were Friends, Comrades. The Indian, mentioned above to be
" friend to the chaplain, came to the guard ; and that the
** general might fee him, he was embarked : he went very mer-
** rily §, faying. Friends. The Adelentado received him with
** much love and favour ||, he gave him fweetmeats f and wine,
** but he neither eat nor drank. He began to take notice **
** of the cattle "f-f-, and feemed to give them names. He ob-*
** ferved the (hip, and the rigging, with all the mafts and fails.
** He went down under deck, and noted all things vrith more
*' than Indian attention JJ. They defired him to fay Jesus,
** he did fo, fhewing in every thing a good diipofition §§.
** Then he preffed to be returned afliore ; and, at length,
«* fuch was the temper |1|| of this Indian, that when he fupppfed

* Buena tra^a.
f El cielo.

% Eraii los ultimos accentos que foimaban al defpedirfe.
§ Allegre.
II Amor y regalo.
<T Conferva.
•* Mirar.
+f Ganados.

\X Cuydado de mas que Iiidio.
§§ Buen animo.
Hit La ley.

th(

VOYAGE.

the fliips were about going, he appeared concerned, and
wiflied to follow his companions.

** Whilft the general was in this ifland, he had the galleot
refitted ; becaufe one day, before it came to anchor, it was
foul of the capitana's bowfprit, and in great danger.
** The Adelentado ordered wood and water to be taken in,
the fhips to be got ready, and the people to be embarked.
Before they fet fail he eredled three croffes on different places,
befides another which was engraved on a tree, with the day
and year.

* Saturday, 5 th of Auguft, they weighed and " failed in queft
of the illands of his difcovery," * W. by S. with the winds at E.
and E. S. E.' After three or four days fail, the Adelentado faid
they fhould that day fee the land they fought. This news made
every body joyful, but though they looked all round, it was
not feen on that, or for many days after, which difcouraged
the foldiers j for as they lengthened the voyage, they came
to want water and provifions, having come to no allowance *
on the news of the land. Feeblenefs and defpondency began
to aflfeft the greateft part j nor is it to be wondered, for fuch
atchievements f require perfons enured to great hard/hips,
and very patient under them."

« Running between W. by S. and W. by N. by account 400
leagues, on Sunday 20th Auguft faw four low iflands, with
fandy beaches, full of palm and other trees ; and on the
S. E. round to the north, a large fhoal of fand. The four are
twelve leagues in circuit J. They did not know if there

1595-

:\-,

• Se avia guftava largo.

•f- Emprefas.

X The fragment fays, " 20th Auguft, day broke on the (hips clofe to four fmall
low iflands, with fandy beaches, fullof palms and trees [arbolet'a]. It appeared all
the four were eight leagues in circuit little more or lefs ; they are ulmoft in a fquare,

L * were

t.- iK

\tJ^'^

iS9S'

i€

€t

t€

€4

• t

•

ALVARO MEN DANA de NEYRA's

were any inhabitants, not having gone near them ; they lye
in lo i deg. S. they were named St. Bernardo, being dif-
covered on his day.'

" Having left thefe iflands, the wind held always at S. E.
and at times, with fhort fliowers of rain } they v/ere not
without heavy and very thick clouds of various colours,
forming, in a ftrange manner, many figures, which they
fpent much time in looking at. They appeared fometimes
fo fixed, that the whole day paffed before they difperfed *,
raifing fufpicions they were near land •]-, as they happened
towards that part which was unknown. They continued
their courfe towards the W. and its two collateral points
N. Weft ward and S. Weft ward always in the latitude, ac-
cording to the directions and will of the Adelentado, which
was not to get up to 12 deg. nor under 8 deg. S. failing con-
ftantly between 10 deg. and 11 deg. S."

* Tuefday 29th Auguft difcovered a fmall round ifland,
low and full of trees J," about one league in circumference,

and quite furrounded vvith reefs §.' " The Adelentado
ordered the two fmall veflels to go and feek harbour in it to
wood and water, of which the almiranta was in the greateft
want. They anchored in 10 fathom, and called out to the ge-

clofe together. They have from S. W. to N. E; by the eaft fide, fome fand banks,
on which account there is no enterinj them on that fide. They difcovered a rock
,(cabeza], on the reef which runs mod to the S. W. They wanted to feek a har-
bour, but at the vicar's requeft they defifted. It was not known whfether they were
inhabited or not, though thofe in the galliot faid they had feen two canoes, but h wa«
imagined to be only a fancy. They are in i o deg. | S. Long, ad Lima 1400 leagues W.

* Tardavon toda el dia en defvanecerfe-
t Fuefle por tierra.

X Copiofa de arboles.

§ The fragment fays, " Circada en tierra de arecefes que falian fucra del agua.
i.e. The fliore furrounded with coral banks, which appear above water."

8 " neral.

Voyage.

" neral. Keep off'*, as all the bottom was of great rocks, which
** were to be feen; and heaving the lead upon them, they
** had fometimes lo fathom, and fometimes no ground lOO.
** It was frightful to fee the fhip over fo many rocks i they
** made all the hafle they could to get out, as they did, to the
•* open fea."

* This illand they named Solitary, ** as it was alone ;" it

* is in lo jdeg. S. 1535 leagues from Lima. From thence they

♦ continued their courfe in like manner j many people giving

• their fentimcnts, fome faying they did not know where they

• were, going, and other fiKh things, which could not fail of

* giving pain.

•* On the 7th September, with the wind aft, pretty frefh at
*' S. E. they failed due W. with only the fore fail lowered. It
«* appeared very thick a-head, wherefore the chief pilot fent the
•* galleot and frigate a-head, in fight of one another, and of
** the galleon; ordering them, if they faw land or flioals, or
any thing to be taken notice of, to make a fignal with two>
lights, and he would do the fame in anfwer : but fo flrong,
was their apprehenfion -f , that, as foon as it was dark, they'
dropped aftern ; with thefe fears and doubts they kept failing
** on, with the care neceflary in fuch a night. They faw the
«* almiranta about nine, and at eleven, on the larboard fide,.
•* was feen a large and very thick cloud, which on that fide co-
" vered the horizon : the watch were doubtful if it was not
«* land, but were foon convinced by a heavy + fliower, which,
" at that inftant, burft from the cloud §. It being over, the
•« land was clearly feen, from which the capitana was fcarce || a.

• Y a voz alta dixeron al general, paflaffe de largo,
f Pudo tanto et rezelo.

X Crecido.

^ Broto al inftaote de aquella prenez.

\ Apenas.

L 2 ** league

/ M'

76 ALVARO MEN DAN A de N E Y R A's

1S9S' " league. They announced it with the ufual joy, proclaiming
it aloud, every one going out to fee it. The galleon took in
her fail, and lay to, making (Ignals to the other veiTels.
Only two anfwered them, without any thing being feen of
the other ♦.

* This ifland which they got fight of at midnight, is in circuit
from 90 to 100 leagues, and lies about E. S. E. and W. N. W.
and is diftant from Lima i 800 leagues ; it is quite covered
with woods to the very higheft hills, not a fpot of land is to be
feen except where the Indians have cleared away for their
plantations. They took port on the N. fide of this ifland, in
10 deg. -j- To the N. of this port, about 7 leagues, is a volcano
of a very fine fhaped hill, from the top whereof iflues much fire,
and the other parts of it are a high hill, about 3 leagues in
circuit. It is fteep to the ftiore, quite bare, and without any
place to land ; it often made a great thundering in the infide.
To the N. E. of this volcano are fome fmall inhabited iflands.

(«

«(

t
<

*
*
*
*

* Fragment fays, * Day being come, they faw to the S. E. [Churchill fays,
S. W.] a low point, fomewhat bluff fgruefaj, and black, on account of the abim-
dance of trees [por abundar de arboles], and turning their eyes round, the almi-
ranta was not to be feen, whereat all were forrowful and confufed, fliewing that
concern which was proper. With the day was alfo difcovered a high hill, in figure
of a fugar-loaf, all fteep [tajado] ; and the S. E. part another little hill, whofe body
appeared of 3 leagues : it is 8 from the ifland. It has no port, or landing-place, for it
is all ragged and bare [cerril y peladoj, without having tree, or green thing, but only a
kind of coloured earth [fmo cierto color de tierra], and flones of an extraordinary dry-
nefs. There are fome gaps in it, particularly two on the weftern part, from whence,
and from the higheft part of the hill, there iffucd with great noife many fparks and
fire. It had a very handfome point, which, a few days after the fhips got into har-
bour, broke off, burfting with fo great an earthquake, that though they were anchored
at 10 leagues diftant, it was heard with much dread, and ihook the fhip. From
thence tbrward, now and then were great thunder-claps within it, and more than
common when it vomited out fire ; and when it was done, there came fo much thick
fmoak that it fcemed to reach to the firft heaven, then commonly leaving off the
grumbling [quedando defpuesgruniendoordinariamente.]

f Coreal fays, at the north fide of the ifland, in its weilern part.

and

VOYAGE.

* and a vaft many fhoals; to thefe iflands it is 7 or 8 leagues, and

* the fhoals ftretch nearly N. W. and thofe who were fent to fee,

* reported they were many. Round the great ifland are fome

* fmall ones, all of them, and the large one, fo far as it was
« furrounded, were inhabited ; and in fight of thefe largelflands,
< to the S. E. was feen another illand, not very large *.'

The Adelentado having named the large ifland St a. Cruz,
fent the frigate ** to go round the volcano," in queft of the
almiranta, in cafe it fhould have chanced to pafs on the other
fide of it. They went twice afterwards, but to no efFedt,
having found nothing but the flioals above-mentioned.

• Coreal, from Figueroa, fays, «« 7th September Mendana faw a great ifland,
with a volcano ; this ifland has two ports j the volcano is feparated [en eft feparc],
and appeared to be 3 leagues in circuit ; it is at 8 leagues from the great ifland. This
great ifland is very populous ; the general went to one of the ports, which is 10
leagues from the volcano, and at the N. W. of the entrance of a bay, and of a river,
near which is a habitation. He fent the frigate to meafure the ifland, to know how
far it was from N. to S. There is another good bay near this ifland.

« They faw near this great ifland, two others, which appeared to them of a mean
fize, and well peopled.

" At 8 leagues to the W. they faw another, which appeared fmall ; at 19 leagues
from thence, and to the W. N. W. they difcovered land, ftretching in a line [allant
a bouline] ; they were three iflands, very populous, and fo large, that they could not
difcover the end.

«« Mendana named this ifland S'*. Cruz j it appears to be loo leagues in circuit,
and ftretches from E. to W. the land is not very high, and the coafts are very po-
pulous.

«* They remained there two months and eight days, and made a fettlement near
a bay> which they named La Gratiofa, for its goodnefs ; it might be about four
leagues and a half in circuit. The coaft lay N. and S. it is at the N. fide of the
ifland, in the weftern part. The volcano above-mentioned is before this bay ; there
is a rock, with an ifland, to the wefl: of the faid bay : the ifland might be 4 leagues ; it
is inhabited, and is at a fmall diftance from the large ifland, from whence it is fepaiated
by funken rocks, and banks of fand, and fome fmall channels. At the bottom of this
bay, clofe to a river, is fituated the port, of which the ground is good, in the latitude
of 10 deg. 20 min. S. The country is very fine and plentiful."

The

l.v ■.-

.1.

.1 : \ ;

■ 'i Si *ll

■ 1 ► ■*{

:■■■ kV-Sf\

»S9!'

ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA's

€i

«(

((

The fliips being pretty near the land, there came out a
fmall boat * with a fail, and after it a fquadron of fifty more.
The people who came in them crying out, and waving their
hands, feemed to call to the people of the (hip, who called
them alfo, but with fufpicion. The veffels being arrived, it
was difcovered, the people who came in them were in co-
lour, naturally black -f, and fome more dun J, all with
woolly hair §, and many white, red, and other colours^
(certainly dyed). The half of the head (horn, and other
diftiniftions |I, with the teeth tinged red. They all came

«* naked, except their privities, which they covered with a kind

«* of foft cloth f i moft of them were ftained with a dye,.

** blacker than their own colour, and with others different.

" Their faces and bodies were marked with ftreaks ** ; their
arms were bound round with many turns of black rattans, and
from their necks hung many firings of a kind of fmall beads
of bone, ebony, and fifhes teeth." They carried, hanging to
different parts of their perfons, n[iany plates "l-f, fmall and
large, made of pearl fhell. Their canoes were fmall, and
fome came faflened two and two J J, Their arms were
bows and arrows, with very fharp points of burnt-wood.
Others had jagged bones §§, and fome with feathers, the
points anointed with poifon |||| to appearance, but of little

• Canaluclio.

f Negro atezadOk

t Mas loros.

§ Cabellos frifados.

II Quitada la mitad en h cabeza y hecbas otras diferencias*

V Tolas blandas.

•• Rayos.

•j-f Patenas.

X% Amarradas de dos en do8,

§§ Hueflbs arpodrados.

nil Yerva.

preju-

VOYAGE.

" prejudice *. They brought alfo ftones, macanas of heavy
" wood (which are their fwords), darts of hard wood "f , with
** three rows of barbs, with more than a palm of point. They
** carried in the manner of flioulder-belts, certain budgets of
** pahn, well wrought, full of bifcuit, which they make of
** roots, of which they all came eating, and of which they
" readily gave a part.

" As foon as the Adelentado faw their colour, he took them
** for the people he fought, faying. This is fuch an ifland, or
" fuch a country, fpeaking in the language he learnt in his firft
■** voyage; but he did not at all underftand them, nor they him.
" They flopped to look at the ihips, and all went, as if chat-
** tering, around them. They never chofe to come aboard,
** although all perfuafions were ufed. Firft talking one with
«* another, they prefently put themfelves in a warlike pofture J,
** to which it appeared they were perfuaded by an Indian, tall,
" lean, and old, who was foremoft. Without waiting more,
•* they bent their bows to fhoot; the old man talked to them,
** and then they clapped themfelves down again. The word
** paffed through all §, and they were undetermined what to re-
folve, till at laft being determined, giving a great fhout, they
let fly many arrows, which ftuek in the fails, and other parts
of the (hips, without doing other harm or mifchief. Seeing
this, the foldiers, who were then ftanding ready, were or-
" dered to fire. They killed one, and wounded many, where-
** upon they all fled away in a great fright.

«* They ftood on different tacks, feeking a harbour, {o much
*" defired by all, on account of the great fatigues they fuf-
fered, thinking their refrefliment certain in getting afhore.

* Dano. t Palorezio.

X Se pufleron prefto en arma.
S Cocria la palabra por todos.

«t

>S95-

if.:.^

The

>^.''i

1 5*11^

ALVARO MENDANA de N E Y R A's

*S9S'

«<

((

The frigate came without finding the almiranta, which

renewed their apprehenfions and uneafincfs.

** The three veflels anchored at the mouth of a bay, under
" ihelter of fome (hoals. The bank was fteep, and with the

flood tide the galleon drove about ten at night, with eminent

danger of ftriking on the /hoals. The Adelentado went out
•* to encourage the people ; the hurry and confuHon was very
" great, for the danger was certain, and the darknefs of the
** night made it greater. At length they got up the anchors,
" and got under fail ; the (hip (lood out to the clear and open
«* fea with great difficulty.

** At day-break the Adelentado embarked in the galleot, and
" went in quefl of a harbour. The chief pilot found one, though
" fmall, fituated to the N. W.* of the volcano, ftieltered from
" the S. E. with 12 fathom water, with a town, river, ballaft,
*• wood, and an airy place -f*. As it was now late, they an-
** chored at a point. A ferjeant, with twelve mufqueteers,
«* went afliore to fecure the port. The Indians of a town which
** was near, came to fire arrows at them with fuch violence,.
** that they were obliged to fortify themfelves in a fingle houfe
■ " they found. Two guns were fired from the fhip, which made
" them halt, and fly away. The boat going to bring off the
" people, they kept the fea all night, and next day the Adelen-
*« tado found a port, ftill J and fheltered from all winds. He
«' anchored in 15 fathoms mud»and clofe to the fhore, river and
•« towns, from whence all night they perceived mufic and
%** danjcing, according to their cuftom, with flicks flruck againfl
" one another, and with little drums. Being anchored there,

• N. W. of the Volcano. Pingre juftly obfervcs this fituation is impoffible. He
fuppofes it fhould be S. W. I imagine rather N. W. and S. E. Cbreal applies
N. W. differently. Vide note to p. 77^

•f Parte ayrofa.

X Muecto.

'* many

((
((
tt
tt

t€
«t
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
■tt
tt
tt
*t
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
•tt
tt
■tt

many Indians came to fee the (hips and people. Mofl of them
wore red flowers in their heads and nofes. At the perfuafion
of our people, fome came aboard the Capitana, leaving their
arms in their canoes ; amongft the refl came aboard a man of
good figure and countenance, of a wheat colour y fomewhat lean
and grey-headed. He appeared to be fixty years of age. He
wore on his head fome feathers, blue, yellow, and red ; and
in his hand he had a bow and arrows, with points of wrought
bone. On each fide of him came an Indian of more autho-
rity than the reft. They underftood this was fome perfon
diftinguiftied amongft them, as well from the difference of
his drefs, as from the refpedt (hewn him by the reft.
** He enquired prefently by figns who was chief of the new-
comers. The Adelentado received him with great aftedlion,
and taking him by the hand, gave him to underftand that he
was. The Indian faid, he was named Malop^. The Ade-
lentado replied, he, Mendana. Malop£ underftood, and
rejoined (applying thus the name he had heard) that he was
named Mendana, and that the general (hould be called
MALOPfi. In concluding this exchange, he (hewed he
much prized it ; and when they called him MalopiI;, he faid
noy but Mendana j and with his finger pointed to the Ade-
lentado, faying that was Malop6. He alfo faid he was
called Taurique, this name appearing to be Cacique, or
Chief. Alvaro de Mendana put a (hirt on him, and
gave him other trifling * things of fmall value. The foldiers
gave the other Indians feathers, little bells, glafs beads^ bits
of taffaty, and cotton, and even cards. They hung all to
their neck. They were taught to fay Friends, Friends,
crofling their hands, embracing one another, in fign of peace.

* Cofas ligeras.

8 1

>59>

■.I'l

l;v

'; :i

They

8ft ALVARO MENDANA de NBYRA's

>S9S>

it
(I
«
<(
«<
(«
(<
(<
<i
*<
«i
((
•<
<(
i<
If
((
«(
<(
*t
it

t€
((
<(
<(

4(
«(
•<

T/iey prefently learned it, and ufed it much. They (hewed
them looking-glafles, they (haved their beards and heads with
razors, and with fciiTars pared the nails of their hands and
feet, at which they were much pleafed j earneftly begging
thefe razor and fcifTars. They alfo endeavoured to know
what was beneath their cloaths, and being undeceived, did the
fame monkey tricks as thofe of the firft ifland. This laded
four days. They went and came i they brought and gave
what they had to eat. One day Malop£ came, who came
ofteneft, and exprelfed the mod friendfhip, clofe to whofe
town the (hips were at anchor. Along with him were fifty
canoes, wherein they all brought their arms concealed,
waiting their Malope, who was aboard thecapitana, from
whence, on a foldier taking up a mufket in his hand, he went
without their being able to detain him, flying to his embark-
ations, and from thence to the fhore, all his people follow-
ing. There was on the fhore another crowd ♦ of people by
whom he was received with particular joy, holding to ap-
pearance amongft them great confultations. That (ame even-
ing the Indians took all they had in the neare/l houfes, and
carried them to Malop^'s town. The night following great
fires were made on the other fide of the bay, which laded
the greateft part of it. It appeared to be a fignal of war^
and it was confirmed by the fufpicion which that day the
canoes had given, going in a great hurry from town to town,
as if to haften, or advife of fome matter.
" The following morning rfiey went in the boat from the
galleot for water, which was near, and as they were taking
it in, fome Indians, who were hid in the woods -)-, attacked
the foldiers with fhouts, and {hooting their arrows, they pur-

Golpe.

■]■ Embofcadoa.

t€

fued

f«
<<
ri
<(
<<
<(
(<
«

(I
<(
<(

«
((
<(
<(
((
(I
(<
<(
<<
it
((
<<

VOYAGE. «3

fued them to the boat, whence, being fired at by the mur. «S9S.
queteers, they halted. The wounded were taken care otj
and the general immediately ordered the M". de Campo to
go aOiore with thirty foldiers, and with fire and fword * to
do them all the mifchief poffiblc. The Indians made a ftand,
whereby five were killed, and the reft fled. The Spaniards
retired without lofsf, having cut down palm-trees, and
burnt fome canoes and houfes.

** This fame day the Adelentado fent in the frigate, captain
Don Lorenzo, with twenty foldiers and failors, to feek the
almiranta, dircding that they (hould go round that part of
the ifland they had not feen, till they came to the place where
they were benighted when they faw the land. And boing
there, that they (hould go from W. to N. W. which was
the courfe the almiranta could go different from that the
capitana had purfued } and that they (hould take notice of
what they found in that route.

" He ordered alfo the M'*. de Campo to be ready with forty
men, to go that morning early, as he did, to fome huts,
which were near a hill, with the intent to chaftife the In-
dians for having (hot at his people j and to fee, if by the
mifchief done for thefe, greater could be prevented. He
arrived, without being difcovered by the Indians ; got pof-
fefifion of the pafTes, furrounded the houfes, and fet them on
fire, attacking feven who were within. Thefe finding them-
felves hard- fet by the flames and people, endeavoured to de-
fend themfelves with particular valour ; and that being in-
fuflkient, they clofed in with their enemies, and ran upon
their weapons, without valuing their lives j fix were left,
and he who efcaped by flight was badly wounded. The

; >^

• Sangre y fuego.

t Retiraronfe los Efpanoks a fu iaivo.

M 2 M'*. dc

>S9S'

«
((
*i
*t
f*

*€
ft
€t
it
it
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
t(
tt
tt
ft
tt
ft

ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA's

M". de Campo returned with the people, of whom feven
were wounded with arrows.

•* In the evening MALOPfe came to the fliore (for the towns
and canoes which were burnt were his), and in a loud voice
called the Adelentado by the name of Malop:^, and fmiting
himfelfon the breaft, called himfelf Mendana. Then he
embraced himfelf, and in this manner complained, pointing
with his finger to the mifchief which had been done, and, by
figns, faid, that Ais people had not fhot arrows at our people,
but the Indians of the other part of the bay, and bending
his bow, intimated that all fliould go againft them ; that he
would aid them in taking revenge. The Adelentado called
him, from a defire of giving him fatisfaiftion ; but he did not.
come till next day *, when much friendfhip was exprefled on
both fides.

** St. Matthew's day they failed from this port to another,,
larger, and more convenient, which was found at half a
league within the fame bay. And failing towarls it, captain
Don LoRENzp arrived, and brought for news, that failing
round the ifland, in purfuance of his inftrudions, he faw in
it N. and S. with the bay where they were at anchor, another, .
which did not appear lefs good, and appeared to have more
people and veffels. He related, that he had feen farther "j-
on, clofe to the great ifland, two other middling ones, very
populous; and that, in the S. E. quarter, at eig/it. leagues, they
faw anpthcr ifland, which fcemed to be /^a/ in circuit J. And
that nine or ten leagues about § W. N. W. from where they
were benighted when they difcovered the land, he had fallen in

• Otio dia. .' . ' '■ ■

f Mas adelante.
X Que parecia tencrlas ile box.
§ Como Ocfuorucfte.

<* witii

;.,v . • . 4

■ ^^-

«
«

«
«<
«
*<
**
t*
t<

t<
t*
tt
u
*t

t*
tt
tt

VOYAGE.

with three Iflands, inhabited by mulatto people, of a clear
colour *, and full of palms, with a great mnny coral reefs -j-,
which ftretched to the W. N. W. with their ridges % and
channels, whereto they faw no end, concluding that they
had not found any traces of the fhip fought for.'
*• Being anchored in the fecond port, the Indians of that
part paffed all the night in giving fhouts, as if they
fported § or fcofFed, faying very plainly, many times. Friends.
The day being come, the number of 500 Indians repaired in
a crowd to the neareft fliore, (hooting at the veffels many ar-
rows, darts, and ftones. Seeing that they did not reach with
them, many pufhed in the water breaft high, and others
fwimming. They approached, fhouting, fo near, that
getting hold of the buoys of the fhips, they were going with
them to ihore.

** The Adelentado perceiving their daringnefs, fent captain
Don Lorenzo^ with 15 foldiers in the boat, to Ikirmifh
with them. The target-men covered the mufqueteers and
rowers J but with all this they (hot two, and there would
have been more, if the targets had not prevented, of which,
fome were fliot through and through. -: / p,ii4'\ :.!; ;.' .
** The Indians fought very loofely, and jumping about |[,
Ihewing themfelves fo valiant f , that they found they had
met with people v/ho knew well to defend their houfes*
This continued whilft they thought our arms did not do the
mifchief they faw, but being undeceived by the death of two

*• De gente mulata color clara; . ,..-., .. '

t Arecila. . '. , . .

t ftcftingas. ' ' -""'pi^-^-. - ' ^.* -l- -• t .'1 •

§ Toreavan.i iril : »:;Inv:n.> '. " . ' '. \ ' \ ■':'..'

Ij Efparcidos y de falto.

f liriofos. ' ■-. ;- ■

>S95-

»t.

I .'

I \w

a6
1595.

ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA's

<€

or three, and having fome wounded, they left the <hore, carry-
" ing them off.

** The following day * the M". de Campo being afliore, pro-
*' pofed to the foldiers to clear a (pot, which was clofe to a
" gieatfpring, for the foundation of a town. The place was not
agreeable to all the foldiers, becaufe it was imagined to be
unhealthy : fo fome of the married people came aboard, to in-
form the general of the M". de Campo's determination, and to
beg him to go afliore, and make them be fettled in one of the
towns of the Indians, for there thehoufes being -f* made, and
the fpot ufed, it was neceflTarily better than the place chofen.
" Hereupon the Adelentado landed, and holding a council, and
*' moft of the foldiers being of the fame opinion as the M". de
** Campo, had already fet their hand to the work ; his de-
" fign had been to eftablifli the colony on a low point, more at
*' the entrance of the bay : but the foldiers worked with fo
** much fpirit and zeal, that he left them to continue their
work. They were foon done, each had his houfe, and put
his fliop in the beft order he could."
We learn from QuiRos, that * The fettlement was made

* near thejpring which the Indians endeavoured to defend, but

* defifted, on finding the fire-arms reached at a diftance.' But
he condemns the behaviour of the Spaniards to the Indians, par-
cularly * for killing the Indian moft our friend (fays Quiros),

* and lord of that ifland, named Malop6, and two or three

* others, being then alfo in peace.'

PiNGRE, from FiGUEROA, fays, " The Spaniards ftaycd there
** two months and ten days. Some ill-difpofed foldiers killed
** Mendana's friend, Malope, the Cacique: till then the
*« Spaniards had found friends and enemies : the firft, exafpe-

• 23d September, (Pingre).

t Here the fragment in Thevenot ends ; vih&t follows is from Fingre.

rated

:i\

VOYAGE.

** rted by the death of their chief, were not content to lament
** his death in public and in private, and to withold the fupplies
" to the Spaniards ; they even determined to thwart them as
" much as was in their power. In vain Mendana imagined to
" appeafe them by the punifliment of the guilty, who were
" put to death j it was not poffible to make them return.

" There were feditions — the M''. de Campo, convifted of
" having excited, or fomented them, was condemned to death,
** with his accoqiplices." QuiROS fays, that « On Sunday,

* the 8th Odtober, the Adelentado ordered theM". de Campo,

* and Thomas de Ampuero to be beheaded, and enlign John
« DE Buy to be hanged. He was inclined to have put to death

* two other friends of the M". de Campo, but defifted at our

* requeft : the caufe was public j for they wanted to abandon

* the eftablifhment, befides other reafons, whereof I am igno-

* rant ; though I faw much impudent fhamelefs behaviour, and

* many indifcretions.'

PiNGRfe, from FiGUEROA, fays, " The bay, which the
** Adelentado named La Gratiosa, becaufe it was really fuch,
** is in circuit 4 ^ leagues ; it lyes N. by E. and S. by W.
*• it is in the moft weftern part of the ifland, on the north fide,
•* and to the fouth of the volcano abovementionedj its entrance
** is half a league widej it has a reef at the eaftern part, but
** the entrance is not the lefs clear. The bay is formed by an
«* ifland, which is at the weftern part ; this ifland * is four
** leagues in circuit, it is very fertile, and very populous, as
** well on the fliorc, as inland : it is but little diftant from the
large ifland, from which it is feparated by rocks and flioals,
with fome fmall channels, where only boats can pafs. The
port is at the extremity of the bay, between a fountain of

««

<«

87
«$9J

■■■■ |:->'| rl^J

' i^' vA ;=< J-

!( H

■• i t,

* This feems to be the ifland named afterwards La Guerta.

very

ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA's

»S9S' " very clear water, which, at the diftance of a mufquet-fhot,
** from thence, gufhes out amongft the rocks, and a river of a
** middling fize, which is about 500 paces from the fountain.
** The port is in 10 deg. 20 min. S. 1850 leagues from Lima :
** this port is expofed to fome pufFs from the S. E. but which
** cannot do much harm. The bottom is mud, the foundings
** 20, 30, and 40 fathom,- according to the diftance from fliorc."
QuiRos fays, * Not above three leagues round the camp

* was feen of the whole ifland. The people of this ifland are

* blacks ; they have fmall canoes of one tree, for going round to

* their towns, and others very large, in which they go out

* to fea.

• The provifions which were feen in this bay and port were

* hogs, fowls, plantans, fugar-canes, two or three kinds of roots

* like camotes *, which are eaten boiled or roafted, and of them is

* made bifc litj beetle, two kinds of good almonds, and others of

* pinones; ring-doves, turtle-doves, ducks, grey and white geefe,

* fwallows, plenty of greens, Spanifh pumpkins, the fruit already

* mentioned on the firft iflands -f-, chefnuts and nuts ; there is

* fwect bafil of a very fine fmell, red flowers, which, at this

* port, are in their gardens, and two other ipecies alfo red.

* There are other fruit on large trees, like pippins, of a fine

* fmell and tafte, plenty of ginger, which grows fpontane-
^ oully ; there is great quantities of the plant chiquilitey of

* which indigo is made ; there is peta trees, much fago, and

* many coconuts. There was feen marble and large fnail-

* ftones J, like thofe brought to Manila from China. There

* is a vaft fountain, befidcs five or fix rivers of water, not very
Marge. They fettled clofe to the fountain."

* Camotes are the fwect potatoes common ui the warm countries.

t Bread fruit.

4: Piedras de caractdcs grandes.

PiNGRfi,

((
((
((
l(

€t
tt

tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
<t
tt
tt
tt
tt
*t
<t
tt

tt
tt
t*

VOYAGE.

PiNGRi;, from FiGUEROA, ill enumerating the produdlions
this illand, is more circumftantial than QuiRos. He fays,
** There are plenty of hogs, fowls, like thofe of Spain,
chiefly white, they perch and live upon the trees j ring-doves,
turtle-doves of a fmall kind, partridges like ours, geefe, he-
rons, grey and white, fwallows, and other birds unknown.
They found no infefls, but a kind of black lizard, and fomc
ants ; they faw no mufquetoes, an extraordinary thing in fo
low a latitude.

" The fea yields many kinds of fifhj the Indians catch
them with a kind of nets made of twine, which appears to
be pita-y pieces of light wood ferve them for floats, and ftones
for leads. They found at this ifland an infinite number of
plantans, of fix or feven kinds; plenty of coconuts and fugar
canes ; almonds, of which the (hell is triangular, and the
fruit large, and of an excellent tafl:e ; pine-apples as large as
the head, enclofing a kernel of the fize of Spanifh almonds * j
the leaves of the tree which bear them, are few in number,
but very large. They alfo found the fruit mentioned at the
Marquesas, the fame kinds of nuts and chefnuts, and
above all, the fruit which the Spaniards called blanc manger.
Another fruit was named pippins, it grows on very high
trees. Near thefe apples grew others, which were not
equally good, and which much refembled the pear-main.
** There are three or four kinds of roots ufed inftead of bread;
they are boiled or roafted : the Indians make plenty of bif-
cuit, which they dry by the fire or fun j it is very nourifhing.
Oziers ferve thefe Indians for ropes. Ginger grov^rs natu-

>S95-

* This fecms to be the Caldera ; at the Nicobars it is cultivated, and grows to a
pretty large tree j the fruit grows even larger than here defcribed : it if the chief food
of the inhabitants, they call it melory ; and the kernels are the fined almonds I ever
tailed.

\ ,

rally,

■mu

IS9S*

((
<(

«(
i(
it

€€
it
«<

((

t(
<<
tt
It
<(
<<
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
<(
((
((

ALVARO MENDANA de N E Y R A's

rally, and without culture. They found curious fnails, fuch
as are brought from China, and various kinds of pearls. In
a word this ifland is fertile, well cultivated, and very popu-
lous. The temperature of the air there is fuch as is com-
mon in this latitude. They heard thunder, faw lightning, and
experienced much fliowery weather *, but found only little
wind, it is not very high j it has, however, chains of moun-
tains, valleys, and plains.

•* Don Lorenzo took it into his head f- to fend one morning
twenty foldiers, with a chief, to feize fome Indians, whora
he propofed {hould learn Spanifli. They went in a chaloup;
the Indians oppofed their landing, and when they were got
afhore they charged the Spaniards violently : Don Lorenzo
thought himfelf obliged to come to .their afliftknce ; he was
wounded in the thigh. The Indians purfued with fury the
revenue of Malopk's death, and fired their" arrows at the
Spaniards without ceafing. They lookup the arrows, and
ftruck the points of them againft their targets and coats of
mail, to make the Indians think they. were invulnerable.
The Indians made figns to them to do Jb againft their eyes and
t/iighs, which the Spaniards did not choofe to do. Their
enemies from thence concluded that tliey muft fire only
at their t/iig/is mnd J'aces, and they wounded many. Don
Lorenzo having fupplied, as well as he could, the wants
of the camp, returned aboard, and fent a third time the
captain of artillery, with the frigate, in fearch of the ad-
miral. This captain, at his return, brought eight young
people, well made, and of good feature, with fome. large
pearl oyfler-fhells, which he had picked up at one of the
three imalliflands environed with reefs as above-mentioned.

* Grains.

t Sc mit en tete.

** They

VOYAGE.

They alfo feized on St a. Cruz three Indian women, with
fix children : they meant to keep them as hoflages, to put an
end to the diforders which the natives inceflantly committed.
Their hufbands came to vifit them feveral times ; fevcral of
their countrymen joined them, they demanded them back,
and they were reflored $ the Indians departed, to all appear-
ance fatisfied and thankful,

** The wound of Don Lorenzo grew worfe, he died the 2d
of November; he was lamented, and buried with the fame
ceremonies as Mendana.

** The crew were worn out with fatigue and ficknefs ; twenty
refolute Indians S^jpuld have been fufficient to have deftroyed
them. It was thien^-wfolved to fufpend the enterprize. They
took in wood and^ V^.ater, and all embarked the 7th No-
vember. * '

** Louis Andrada, fent the fame evening to get the necef-
fary provifions, landed on a little ifland, which he named
La GuERTA (tlie Garij.^n), on account of its beauty and
fertility. The chief pilot, captain Quiros, we. ,. t'-> tae
fame ifland after the return of Andrada, i-nd had like to
have been loft there in the night ; he returned fafe and found
the next morning to the galleon.

" The governefs called together the pilots, and told them,
that her intention was to quit this ifland, to go in queft of
St. Christoval, to fee if they could not find the admiral;
to fail then for Manila, to get a recruit of priefts and fol-
diers, and to return to put the laft hand to this eftablifhment.
She defired that each would give his opinion ; they did fo, in
writing, and figned it : it was confonant to that of the go-
vernefs. Quiros added to his, that he engaged not to
abandon the governefs, if they returned with the fame in-
tention of eftablifhing a colony at St a. Cruz.

N 2 »* In

>395-

k'A-

',;, 'il

•595'

ALVARO MENDANA de NEYRA'i

In the evening Quiros went aboard the frigate and galleot,
** to leave them the neceflary provifions, and to give them the
** proper orders, in regard to the courfe they ought to fteer.
** At night they went afhore to bring away the corpfe of Men-
'* DANA, and to carry it in the frigate to Manila."

Quiros fays, * Sailing from this port, Saturday i8th Novem-

* ber, we flood W. by S. for the ifland St. Christoval, or

* more properly fpeaking to fee if we could find it, for fo the

* governefs ordered; and we were two days without feeing any

* thing, and at the general intreaty the governefs ordered me

* to bear away for Manila, having, between 5 deg. S. and

* 5 deg. N. much contrary winds and calms. In full 6 deg. N.

* we fell in with an ifland, appearing to be 25 leagues in cir-

* cuit, very woody and very populous ; the natives like thoie

* of the Ladrones.'

PiNGRK, from FiGUEROA, is more circumftantial in his re-
lation of the voyage from Sta. Cruz. He fays,

«* The three fliips, in very bad condition, failed the i8th
*< November; this day and the following they ftood W. S. W. *

** The 19th, by obfervation and account, they were in 11
** deg. S. they look-ed out carefully, but neither faw the ad-
** miral nor St. Christoval: Quiros, having received an
** order from the governefs, ftood for Manila. They (leered
«* N. N. W. with the wind at S. E. They wifhed to avoid
*' New-Guinea, which was judged to be near; it was appre-
" hended they would get embarraffed amongft the iflands which
** environ it. Quiros was very defirous to make this land, but
•* the bad ftate of the fquadron did not permit to flop there.

Quiros fays W. by S.

** They

They continued the fame courfe till the 27th November,
when they found themfelves in 5 deg. S. they faw many
ligns of being near land, they fuppofedit was New-Guinea*.
** On the 10th December they found themfelves in 30
min. fouth •{-. It was perceived the galleot wanted to part
company. The governefs let the captain know, that he
fhould be punifhed as a traitor if he did not keep company :
bpt the galleon was in fo bad a (late, that this captain thought
it was impofllble for her to efcape ; in confequence whereof,
they put about in the night, and the galleot difappeared.
«' In the mean while ficknefs fwept off the people, fcarce a
day pa{rej|jt4)ut one or two, and fbmetimes three or four bodies
** were thrown over-board The ftate of the fhip's rigging was
«* not lefs diftrefsful, all was ufed or rotten ; and the worfl was,
that they had neither maft, nor cordage, nor any other rig-
ging to fhift.

•* They kept always (landing N. N. W. till Tuefday 19th
«* December, when they were in 3 deg. 30 min. N. the frigate
** could fcarce keep up with them. Quiros propofed feveral
** times to abandon it, and to take the crew aboard the galleon,
** but the governefs would not follow this advice. At night
they loft fight of the frigate ; Quiros made them lay to for it
till next evening, but, at laft, the foldiers grew impatient.
It was not time, according to them, to amufe themfelves in
** waiting for others, when they ran a rifque of being loft them-
** felves.

** With a wind at E. and E. N. E. which began to fet in,
** they kept on their courfe N. N. W. till Saturday following,
•* when they got fight of an ifland, towards which they fteered,
** intending to feek there a port and provifions. Night began ;

««

<«

((

«f

* Coreal, from Figiierca fays, ** They faw New-Guinea in 5 deg. S."
t Coreal fays, 1 deg. 30 min. S.

>S9S*

Quiros

»S95'

t€

it
ft
<(
«<
**
tt
tt

€(

tt
tt

THEODORE GERARD S.

QuiRos was afraid of the rocks, he ordered the fliip to be
put about, he was ill obeyed, they made a thoufand repre-
fentations to him. He fethimfelf to work, let go the fheets,
Shifted the helm, and put the (hip's head another way.
'* It was found in the morning, that Quiros had judged
prudently ; the {hip would have been loft without this con-
dudt ; they could not, even in the day, go near the ifland, it
was fo furrounded with reefs and rocks. This ifland is inha-
bited, its latitude is full 6 deg. N. It is almoft round, its cir-
cuit is 30 leagues, it is not very high. At three leagues to
the weft, they faw four low iflands, and many others clofe to
it; all arc furrounded with reefs. The ifland appeared clearer
on the fouth fide. *

** They continued the?"* courfe N. N. W. and on Monday,
ift of January, 1596, the latitude obferved was 14 deg.
They then ftood due weft, with a good frefli wind ; and
** On Wednefday, 3d January, at day-break, they defcryed
two of the Ladrone iflands, Guan and ^Ierpana."

1599.

THEODORE GERARD S.

THEODORE GERARDS (one of the fleet in the
voyage wherein W. Adams was pilot) being carried by
tempefts in 64 deg. S. in that height, the country was moun-
tainous, and covered with fnow, looking like Norway, and
femed to extend towards the iflands of Salomon *.

• Purchas, Vol. IV. p. 1391, note. Barleus's Collcdion, p. 193. '

Pedro

Pedro Fernandez de Qjj i r o s'

TH E difcQvery of the Southern Continent, 'whenever^
and by whomfoever it may be completely efFe<fted, is in
jujiice due to this immortal nume.

The voyages previous to t/iaf o£ Pedro Fernandez de
QuiRos, were not diredled, at lead immediately, to this great
objedt; butQuiRos formed his plan on the obfervations he him-
felf had made inMsNOANA's voyage, in 1595 : and, reafoning
from principles of fcience and deep reflexion, he afTerted the
exijienceoi a Southern Contij^ent ; and devoted, with un-
wearied, though ' contemned diligence, the remainder of his life
to the profecutionof thisy7//J//W conception.

It does not appear that Magalhanes had any idea of a conti-
nent in this quarter j nor have we any fcientific arguments al-
leged in fupport of it, prior to the memorials which QuiRos
prcfented to Don Louis de Velasco, after his return from
Mend ana's voyage.

Manymapsreprefent a continent in this quarter, which they fay
was difcovered by Hern an Gallego, in 1576. It is neceffary
to take notice of this report, as it would leflen the charadler of
QuiRos to fuppofe him ignorant of the difcoveries made by this
companion of Mendana; ov worje than ignorant, to endeavour
by conjedtures, however well grounded, to fupport the exift-
ence of w/iat he knew had been adually difcovered.

1606.

\^-

hi;

■r^ i

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

12.0

1.8

1.25 1.4 II! 1.6

^= ^= 111^

►

Photographic

dC16I1C6S

Corporation

•NJ

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

«!•

K ;'■'■■■;'?■

i/.A

^\w
^

i6o6.

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de C^U I R O S '

It is unqueftionable, that Hern An Gallego was chief pilot
with Mendana in 1567, but it is impojjtbley that he didt or
could in this voyage difcover a continent to the fouthward, in the
paflage from New-Guinea to the Strait of Mag alhanes, be-
caufe we are exprefly informed by Figueroa and Lopez Vaz,
that, in this voyage, they returned to America, on the north of
the equator.

The notion of Gal leg 0*6 difcovery, common amongft
geographers, probably arofe from thtfuppofitiorit that Guadal-
canal extended to Tierra del Fuegoj and the date 1576,
perhaps from a tranfpofition of the figures 1567, or poffibly
from fome vague report of the difcovery made by Juan Fer-
nandez about this period.

A modern Syftem of Geography * indeed quotes Gallego ;
but where he met with him I cannot tell, for none of the Spanifli
writers I have feen, make mention of any work of Gallego,
except Penelo, who gives the title of a MS. Journal, by Herna't
Gallego of Mendana's firft voyage, which, he fays, remains
in the Ba*cia library -j-. Neither Seixas nor QuiRos take notice
of him, nor of his fuppofed difcovery to the fouth, which it
can fcarcely be believed they would have omitted, had there
been the leaf): foundation for it s Tor q^emad a indeed mentions
Gallego, but fays not a word of any land difcovered by him in
a high latitude.

• Compleat Syftem of Geograpliy, vol. 11. p. 587.

f Penelo de Leon Biblioth. Orient y Ocident. p. 671.

'* Relacion de Jornada i viaje primero que al defcubriemento de las Iflas de Salo-
mon 11190 el Adelentado Alvaro de Mendana, Hendo el autor piloto major."

/. t. " Journal of the firft voyage which the Adelentado Alvaro de Mendana
made for the difcovery of the Salomon Iflands, the author being chief pilot." MS. fol.
Penelo fays it begins, "Anno 1553) in the month of October, &c"

VOYAGE.

It is fcarcely pofTible to prove a negative ; aiid it may be al-
ledged that Arias mentions a difcovery of Mendana in 1575*
and therefore Gal lego's difcovery may have been made in the
return from this voyage. The general filence of the Spanifh
writers is to me fufficient reafon to difbelieve the difcovery af-
cribedto Gallego, particularly when it is confidered, that al-
though the exiftence of fuch a land was the point Quiros
wanted to prove, he takes not the leafl notice of it i and it
feems to me impoffible that this companion of Mendana could
be ignorant of a difcovery fo important, which muft be well
known to all Peru, had it only happened twenty years before;
particularly as it muft have been in a public voyage, although it
is not wonderful that Quiros (hould be ignorant of the accidental
difcovery made by Juan Fernandez, which Arias informs us
was purpofely concealed till the death of Juan Fernandez,
which probably happened many years before Qwiros' firft
voyage.

Upon the whole, till fome exprefs evidence is produced of
this Southern Land of Gallego, I think it muft be
confidered as one of thofe blunders which geographers are con-
tii^iually propagating, by abridging and abftradling each other,
inftead of confulting the original authors.

To clear up the difficulties which occur on the fubjedt of
Quiros' difcoveries, I propofe to give a iketch of the life of
this eminent perfon: the authorities I have for this, befides
Mend ana's voyage already recited, are chiefly Penelo, Tor-
QUEMADA, Arias, and Quiros' memorials.

The aflertion of fome, that Quiros was a Portuguefe, is
doubtful i though fome critics think they can diftinguilh the
Portuguefe idiom in his writings. There appears to be as little
foundation in what others alledge, of two perfons fimilar in
name," Quiros, a Spaniard, and Giros, a Portuguefe. There

O is

1606.

% ' 98 PEDRO FERNANDEZ DE QJJ I R O S '

i6o6. is no trace of fuch a perfon as this Giros, in any Spanifli writer
I have feeni though the country of Quiros is not particularly
mentioned in any of them, and is a matter of very little con-
fequence.

The firft account we have of him, is as chief pilot to Men-
DANA in 1595, after whofe death he conduced to Manila the
ihattered remains of the fquadron, and from thence went to
AcAPULCo, in the galleon St. Jeronimo. From Mexico he
proceeded to Peru, where he made intereft with the new vice-
roy, Don Louis DE Velasco, to be furnifhed with fhips, men,
and other neceffaries, to continue the difcovery they had begun j
and ** to plough up the waters of the unknown /ea, and to feek
" out the undif covered lands around the antartick pole *, the
" centre of that horizon -}•."

He prefented two memorials to the viceroy, containing the
motives that inclined him to this undertaking, wherein he ex-
prefled himfelf to this efFedt + :

** Becaufe the fliadow feen in the moon in the time of her
«« eclipfe is part of a circle, it is proved, that the form of the
body of earth and water which compofes it, is round. Ima-
gining about this body a line encompaffing it, and dividing it
into two equal parts, calling the one north, the other fouth ;
from this equinodlial line begins the degrees, counting from
I deg. to 90 deg. which is the greateft quantity of latitude to-
wards either of the two poles. Of the north part is already dif-
covered to more than 70 deg. what remains from thence to 90
deg. although it fhould be difcovered, feems uninhabitable, or
account of the great cold, the inequality of day and night, and
other inconvenvencies. It is notorious, that in feveral parts

* Que divifava el polo antartico.

t Figueroa'sfragraefttiaTlievenot.
X Idem.

((

already

<(
<(
«(

■€t
(t
«
((
<(
<(
f(

t<
«(
((
<(
It
tt
((
«(
((
<(
((

VOYAGE.

already known, the people dwell in caves, and live with much
artifice, having another bad life to pafs from the rigour of the
climate *. Of the fouth part is difcovered to 55 deg. pafling
the Strait of Magalhanes, and to 35 deg. in which is the
Cape of Good Hope, or 40 deg. and a little more, to which
{hips go in doubling it. Thefe two points of land, with
their coafts on each fide -j-, are already known to all. Now
are wanting the reft which remain from thefe, and from
this parallel, and to the weft, from a lower latitude, to 90
deg. % to know if it is land or water, or what part there is
of both.

«« The Adelentado, Alvaro de Mendana, when he was
failing, in 1595, towards the Iflands of Salomon §, which he
faid were from 7 deg. to 1 2 deg. S . and 1500 leages from thecity
of Lima, met with four fmall iflands together, inhabited by
fo good a people, that there is no account of any other having
been difcovered, that can be reckoned equal to them; but for
the chief part, the Indians are ill-featured ||, and of indifferent
figures f , and of a brown complexion **i as in PERtJ, New-
Spain, Terra-Firma, Nicaragua, Philipinas, and
other parts. Thefe iflands are in the latitude of 9 deg.
and 10 deg. diftant 1000 leagues from Lima, 650 from the
neareft coaft of New-Spain, and another 1000 from New-

# Y vivcn con mucho artificio teniendo otra vida mala de paflar por cl regor dc
los tiempos.

f Con fus coflas y contra coftas.

X Falta aora las demas que dellas reftan, y del paralelo defla y de menos altura rc-
ftro ad poniente hafta 90. The meaning appears to be, that the parts from the Cape
of Good Hope, and fouth extremity of America to 70 deg. and to the weftward of
thefe meridians, even from a lower latitude, to go deg. were yet to be difcovered.

§ Mendana, according to Arias, was then bound to St. Chriftoval, not for the
Salomon iflands.

|{ De malos geftos.

V De medianos talles. >

•* De color moreno.

i6c6.

5|l

l|:

;f'

o 2

" Guinea.

lOO

1606.

((
((

(I
((
n
it
<<
*t
tt
a
tt
tt

€t
€€
tt

PEDRO FERNANDEZ be QJJIROS*

Guinea. The winds there are eafterly, for which reafon,
to go from thefe ifland to Peru and New-Spain, it is ne-
ceiTary to ftand to the northward, or fouthward, to feek with-
out the tropic thofe winds which are called general', and for
this are required inftruments of navigation and veflels of bur-
then *, which are two things (befides others very neceffary)
thefe people are deftitute of. For thefe, and for other rea-
fons which might be given, it remains very obvious, that it
has never been poflible, in any time, to communicate with the
two provinces above-mentioned,, nor lefs with New-Guinea
and the Philippinasj lince, from thefe parts to the faid
iflands, there is no navigating, on account of the winds be-
ing eaft and contrary. From the four iflands no other land
was vifible i the embarkations of the natives are adapted for
fhort voyages -j-. For which reafon it is to be fought, what
could be believed to be the manner how they could go to
diflant parts : and it is the moft likely, that when they fail
from a place from whence they can fee no other land, they
go, taking their marks by the land they are leaving, till they
lofe fight of it j and then, when they can fee it no longer,
they get fight of the other whither they are bound : for in
lofing altogether the land, as well that from vs hence they
failed,, as that which they are in fearch of, it becomes ne-
ceffary to underfland at lead the com^afs, which they have
not. Not to mention the contrary winds, currents, and other
things, which may make them lofe their right way. And
this is of the more weight, as the moft experienced pilots, fur-
niflied with all that thefe people want, in lofing fight for two
or four days of the land, do not know, nor can determine

* Navios capazes.

t Las embarcaciones de las naturales citan a brevedad de navegacion.

their

V o

their fituation. Thus (fpeaking in general terms) it may be
affirmed, the inflruments of navigation of thefe Indians are
their own eyes, or their guefs of fmall diftances. Since to
what might be alledged that they dire<a themfelves by the
fun, moon, and ftars ? it may be replied, that the fun is not
vifible by night, the mutability of the moon is well known,
and, in fhort, they are not always prefent, nor in the fame
place, nor without clouds before ftars, moon, and fun» But
were all this poffible (which it is not) yet their voyages mud
be fo fhort as has been faid.

** And though it is true, that the moft ftupid * can go in their
embarkations from a fmall ifland, to feek a large country, if
it be near, fmce if they do not hit one part, they will ano-
ther ; yet not for this can it be admitted, that from a large^
or fmall country, they can, without art, feek fmall -j-, and
far diftant iilands.

** Amongft thefe Indians were fome mulattoes J, which di-
verfity of colour argues a communication with other people^
Befides thefe four iflands being fmall, it is to be attended to,
that, in the large countries men are fcarce to be contained,
but ever go in quefl of others, where they may live with
more convenience, befides thofe who leave them on diffentions^
or becaufe they cannot fubmit to mafters, or becaufe they
wifli to be fuch. Thus it may be religioufly believed, that
there are to the S. E, S, S. W. and more weftward, other
iflands which lye in a chain, or a continent running along,,
till it joins New-Guinea, or approaches the Philipinas, or
the Southern-Land of the Strait of Magalhanes, fince-
no other places are known, whereby they who inhabit
thofe iflands could have entered them, unlefs by miracle.

Bocalea.

f Limitadas.

X Amulatador..

((

lOI

1606.

« .'.'fit'

till

4 [ ''I

I02

i6o6.

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJ I R O S '

** If it goes toward the one, or to the other part, or towards
both, it is likely there are many iflands, or a continent, the
antipodes to the greater part of Europe, Africa, and Asia,
where from 20 deg. to 60 deg. God has made men fo ufeful."
Ping Re informs us, from Figueroa, that the viceroy re-
plied, that QuiROs' defire exceeded the limits of his autho-
rity i but he difpatched him with ftrong recommendations to
the court of Spain *.

* Purchas gives fome ground to conjecture, that a voyage was made, during the
government of this viceroy, by the following

*• Note of Auftralia del Efpiritu Santo, written by mailer Hacluit.

** Simon Fernandez, a pilot of Liibon, told me, Richard Hacluit, before other
** Portugals, in London, the 1 8th March, 1604, That he having been in the city
«♦ of Lima, in Peru, did perfeftly underftand, that four fliips and barks departed from
** the faid city of Lima about the year 1600. in the month of February, towards the
" Philipinas. Their general was a meflizo (fon of a Spaniard and an Indian woman),
*• and that feeking to make way towards the Philipinas, they were driven with ftrong
** northern winds to the fouth of the equinodlial line, and fell in with divers rich
" countries and iflands, as it feemeth, not far from the iflands of Salomon. One
•* chief place they called Monte de Plata, for the great abundance of filver there is
«* like to be there. For they found two crowns-worth of filver in two handfuls of
*' duft, and the people gave them for inm as much and more in quantity of filver.
" They report, that this place is two months failing from Lima, and as much back
** again.

" Concerning this voyage alfo, the Licentiate, Louis de Tribaldo, a gentleman
*« of quality in the Conde de Villa-Mediana, the Spanifli ambafl^ador's houfe, told me,
*« Richard Hacluit, that two years part he faw at Madrid a captain of quality, fuing
«* for licence to conquer this place, and that he obtained the fame ; and that divers
** religious men and fathers were to go to convert them to chriftianity. They ar-
♦• rived, at their return from this voyage, at Peru, in the month of Auguft."

There are fome other circumftances to countenance the opinion, that there was
an expedition between Mendana's in 1595* and Quiros' in 1606.

1. Penelo mentions an expedition in 1599-

2. Seixcas reports, that Quiros left derroteros of his three voyages : it is obvious
the flrft was in i59S» the laft in 1606 ; for he died at Panama before he could under-
take another.

3. The Chronica de S. Gregorio de las Philipinas, has this quotation from Quiros,
** For el camino, &c. For the route and voyage is, I kriow, much eafier and fhorter
*• than from Manila to New-Spain ;" fpeaking of appointing one of the galleons to
Peru. This is a circumftance he could not know by experience, either in his voyage
of 1595) or that of 1 606, as in both he went to New- Spain.

2 , Torque-

in
tt

««

€1
(«
ft
*t
it

€€
i€
«<

VOYAGE.

ToRO^uEMADA, in the introdudlion to Qu,iRos* expedition
1606 lays ** Philip III. being defirous to complete the dif-
covery of the remote Southern parts begun by Hernan
Gallego, andALVARODE Mendana at different times, in
the reign of Philip II. *, andjudging that divine Providence
had put the prefent occafion in his power, he gave ftri«a or-
ders, that captain PedroFernandez deQuiros fhouldgo
in perfon, to give to the v\^orld a clear account how extenfivc
thefe hidden provinces and fevered regions were fouls to
heaven, and kingdoms to the crown of Spain.
" He gave full and fufficient commiffion in his name, to take
from the port of Lima two (hips, fuch as he fliould pick out,
beft adapted for the fervice intended, and alfo gave exprefs
orders to the Conde dc Monterey, his viceroy at that time.

103
1606.

But in oppofition to thefe teftimonies it is to be obferred, that Penelo defcribes
the expedition in 1599, to be under Mendana, which is impofTible, as he died ia
that of 1595* He alfo refers to Chriftoval Suarez de Flgueroa for an account of thi»
expedition, which points out the error in date, for Figueroa wrote the life of the 4th
ntarquis of Cannete, under whofe orders Mendana's expedition, in 1595, was fitted
out. Fenelo alfo refers to Morga for an account of the firft voyage in 1567 -, wbereaa
Morga gives the relation not of this, but of the expedition in 1595.

In reply to the other evidences, it can only be faid in general, that none of the me*
morials give the leaft hint of any difcoveries made by Quiros but in 1 595 and. 1606 ; and
therefore, although it would be improper to deny any intermediate expedition, it does,
not appear that there is an authority fufficient to fupport it ; it alfo appears from the hi-
ftory of the Fhilipinas, that there was, at this time, no intereourfe between Peru and
Manila. So that the voyage mentioned by Hacluit, muft be confidered as doubtful ;■
to this may be added, that Quires' opinion of the facility of the pafTage to Peru, is '
probably in confequence of the winds he found in the two voyages, of which we have
the relation.

It feems, however, that he was the perfon mentioned by Hacluit, to be at Ma-
drid in 1602. For Arias's memorial, after mentioning that Quiros carried there-
mains of Mendana's fquadron to Manila, adds, " Some time after Quiros came to.
*' this court, being then in Valladolid, to intreat the fame difcovery, and was difpatched
«' to the viceroy of Peru, to obtain the thiogs neceflary for the purpofe."

• Philjjjil. from 1558 to 1598.

•« without

104

\Cc6.

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJ I R O S '

without delay, to order the provifion of every thing ncccffary
for Quikos* voyage and departure.

*' QuiRos then difpatched from court, with the mofl ho-
nourable fchedules which had ever pafied the c.)uncil of
ftate, and not with lefs difpatches from the court of Rome,
purfued his route till he arrived at Lima, where, after pre-
fcnting his papers to the viceroy, he began to enter on new
*• labours, throwing into oblivion all that he had endured for
** eleven years in the purfuit of fo important an objcdt."

Different views are afcribed to the voyage: Torqulmada,
with the utmoft affedtation, feems to ftufF in every place com-
prehended within his knowledge, afcribing as the motive of
the voyage *• to circumnavigate the globe, going to Spain by
** the East-Indies, firft difcovering, as the chief object, the
** unknown lands of* the South, in the route to New-Guinea,
** till they reached China, the Malucos, Java Major and
** Minor, and all the other famous iflands abounding in filver,
** gold, precious ftones, and fpices."

Arias, with much more appearance of probability and con-
fiftency fays, ** Their intention was to fettle at the ifland of
** St a. Cruz, and purfue from thence the plan of the Ade-
** lentado de Mendana," which, as before recited, was the
«* difcovery of a Southern Continent."

The particular difcoveries of Quiros in this voyage, are to
follow from Torquemada, with fome elucidation from Arias,
who tells us, that Quiros, ** after his return to New-Spain,
** came once more to the Spanifli court to renew his application
** to fettle that country j and was fent back to Peru (in 1614),
** with the viceroy, and died at Panama in his return to
*« Lima."

• De camino de Nueva Guinea.

When

VOYAGE.

When he was this time at the court of Spain, he prefented
the many memorials we find mentioned, though two only have
come down to us,*both inferted in Purchas; one he has given
in Englifti, which memorial is to be found in many other books,
and in almoil every language ; a Spaniih MS. of it has been
chiefly made ufe of, though collated with Purchas, and the
Latin copy printed at Amsterdam, 1613, 4to. The other
memorial, which is in Spanifti, though very ill printed, is
extremely curious in itfelf.

Penelo relates, that Quiros, during his continuance at this
time in Spain, prefented no lefs than fifty memorials to the
King, ** regarding the neceflary meafures for the conqueft, and
" peopling the faid Salomon iflands, and Southern Land :
** The I ft contains, the greatnefs and riches of the land men-
" tioned, treating of all the relations, which till then had been
«* given to the King, regarding them. The id, the dangers
** which might accrue, ftiould they be taken poiTeflion of, by any
** enemies to the Indians and to the Indies, &c. and affirms,
" that he had written 600 pages on this fubjeft. In another

memorial, collecting the moft material for his purpofe, he

gives the relation which the Indians of Taumaco gave him
" of more than fixty inhabited iflands. A fummary relation,
" which betook from that given by Lie. Hernando de los
** Rios*, Procurador DE las Philipinas, of what happened
** to Miguel Roxo de Britoj fummary relation which he
*« took in Madrid, from that given by the capitan-maior of
<* the Moluccas, Ruy G0N9ALES de Sequera, of what he
«« had feen and learnt of the Southern Land, during his go-

* VkleThevenot, P. II. p. 8. " Relation & Memorial dc Philipinas & Mo-
«« luccas de Hernand. de los Rios Coronel." He fays New-Guinea, the largeft ifland
in the world, was difcovered by Ruy Lopez de Villa Lobos j but he does not mention
Roxo de Brito in that work.

P . «* vernment.

((

105
1606.

.-}'
h

'I :t

,'AM'

'io6

1606.

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJ I R O S •

** vcrnmcnt. Printed, folio, without year or place, though It
** appears to be in Madrid, 1610."

PuRciiAs prefixes to the two memorials he has publifhed,
a noteof Walsingham Gresley; in it are many errors about
the difcovery of a Southern Continent, in the latitude of the
Strait of Magalhanes, along which they failed 800 leagues.
There does not fecm to be the fmalleft foundation for thefc reports,
which probably arofe from a confufed account of the difcovery
of Guadalcanal, which was fuppofed to extend from New-
Guinea almofltothe Strait of Magalhanes. Gresley being
fo much midaken in thefe circumftances, it might be concluded
he was ill-informed in what he afterwards fays, that ** this
** captain QuiRos ihall be prefently fent into Peru, with order
" and commiffion to take 1 200 men, and Shipping, with other
" neceflaries for the voyage, to inhabit; and as' many more fliall
" befentthe year followingfromNEw-SPAiNj andfor thewhole
" bufmefs he is to receive 500,000 ducats." But there feems to
'* be good ground for this laft report, as Fray Juan db Silva,
Confeflbr of the Royal Palace, and Predicador of the Seraphic
Order of St. Francis, in one of the memorials he gave to the
King of Spain about 1623, fays, ** If captain Pedro Fer-
** n ANDES de QuiRos, who with fo much earneftnefs folicited
'* theconquft in a military and hoftile manner,, afked. 500,000
** ducats, befides 150,000 he fpent in his difcovery, without
** having ever feen the firm land, but only the iflands adjoining
•♦ to it i I, who have fucceeded in his place, will be content
** with 100,000, which is much lefs than he afked and ex-
«* pended."

This DE SiLVA, in another memorial, diredled to the pope,
dated 2oth September, 1623, mentions to have laid before his
Holinefs, an account of the late difcovery of the Southern
Regions. He alfo mentions, in a memorial to the King of

Spain,

81
b

((

«(

((

Spain, a relation of the fouthern difcoveries given to the pope
by D. Sebastian Clemente, clerigo prefbytero.

QuiRos, in the voyage of 1606, being unibrtunately fcpa-
rated from his companions, returned to New-Spain, from
whence, Arias tells us, " He came once more to the SpaniHi
court, to renew his application to fettle that country } wan
fent back with the viceroy of Peru, and died at Panama, in
" his return to Lima.

*' QuiRos having employed fome months in building two
(hips and a zabra, which were the flrongefl and beft armed
of any that had been feen in either fca ; on the 2 1 ft Decem-
ber, 1605, he embarked *."
In this voyage fix Francifcan fathers accompanied Quiros :
the commiflary was Padre Fray Martin de Mumlla,
with him were Fr. Mateo de Vascones, Fr. Juan de
Merlo, Fr. Antonio Quintero, priefts, and two lay bro-
thers, Fr. Francisco Lopez, and Fk. Juan Palomares.

« Then leaving the land they fet their topfails and fpritfail,
failing by the gulph of our Lady of Loretto ft on their voy-
age W. S. W. till the 25th December, when they made illumi-
nations in the night, and fired guns in the day, in honour of the
feftival.

«* Thus they continued failing, though fometimcs with va*
riable winds, till the 26th January, 1606, when about 3 P. M.
they difcovered an ifland to the S. W. It was fmall, about four
leagues in circuit, all flat, and level with the water ; with few
trees, for the greater part was fand. It has deep water, fo that
when very near, they could get no ground. As it was, to all ap-
pearance uninhabitable, and without a port, they purfued their
voyage to the weftward, making to this place, from the coaft
of Peru, juft 1000 leagues, and in 25 deg. S. ■ ..

* Toiquemada. + A name which they gave to this part of the Pacific Ocean.

P 2 «* They

107

1606.

^(|

!,■

'r4

1^:

•m

]o8

i6c6.

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de Q^U I R O S*

** They failed thus two days, having fome rain ; and tlte
third, at day break, were near another ifland, having the eve-
ning before feen many birds, a plain fign of land: they ran along
the fouth fide, and eilimated that it might be 12 leagues. It
w^as plain, and even a-top *. It was alfo without foundings,
though the zabra anchored, almoft in the furf, in 20 fathom,
aftern they had no ground with 200 ; for which reafon the
captain made them purfue their voyage till

** The 4th of February, when they found themfelves near
another ifland, which being of little ufe, gave them great
concern ; for the night before they were in great danger by
the badnefs of the weather, being thick and fqually from the
N. E. with much thunder, lightning, and rain. ** At day light
** they found the land was an ifland, which appeared to.be
** 30 leagues in circuit -f, it was overflowed in rhe middle, and
** furrounded with a reef of rocks J, appearing to be coral :
** they got no foundings, nor port, though they fought it care-
** fully, to provide themfelves with wood and water, which they
** began to be in want of. They agreed to leave it, as of no
** ufe to them, and purfued their courfe : and next day left
** four other iflands like to it in every refpe<ft § ; and pafTed oa
** to the W. N. W. towards another ifland, which appeared to
** be four leagues diflant. They reached it, andjudgedit to be
** about ten leagues in circuit j it flretches from N. to S. They

paflfed on, for it was like the others, unfavourable to their

purpofe, difcovering another which lay to the W. N. W.

They continued their voyage, for it was of the fame kind„

««

«(

• Era liana por k) alto y parejav

+ UUoa quotes Diego de Cordova, for an account of Quiros' dlfcovcry. He fays,
tmiongft others, they found a large ifland in 28 deg. S.
X Faredon de arrecifes.
^ 4 Iflas parejas en lasprefencias y partef.

tin

((

%■

«<
((
<(
((
««

€t
t€
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
f.
tt

VOYAGE.

till the 9th February, when, at day-break, they had fight of
an ifland to the N. E. They pafTed on, leaving it to wind-
ward, being in 1 8 deg. 40 min. 5. They pafled the day,
with fome rain till the next [loth February], when, from
the topmafl head, to the no fmall fatisfadtion of every one,
a failor cried out land a-head. But what chiefly caufed their
joy was, to fee in feveral places columns of fmoak arifing,
which was a clear fign of inhabitants, whence they concluded
that all their fuflferings were at an end. The chief pilot or-
dered them to go to it, dire<5ting their heads to it to the N.
but not finding a port, the capitana ftood to fea to weather
it * i but though they endeavoured to do fo, they could not,
and thus putting about -f*, they fetched a-breaft of it, or-
dering the zabra to go to look for a port, whilft the capi-
tana and almiranta kept turning to windward in fight of it.
** The zabra getting in (hore, came to anchor in i o fathom
upon Mucaras. Hereupon the captain ordered the boats a-
fhore with 40 foldiers, Pedro Loprs de Sojo, his enfign,
and the ferjeant Pedro Garcia de Lumbreres. Being
got to the furf, they faw on the beach J about 1 00 Indians,
who joyfully made figns to them : but it was impofilble to
land, for the fea broke with fo much fury againft the rocks,
that there was no coming near, though they attempted it
feveral times, with no fmall hazard of finking fome of the
boats. Large feas comii^g in on eyery fide, which wet fome
of their mufquets, whereby they received much damage.
Seeing fo little probability of getting afhore, they refolved to
return aboard, with heavy hearts, for being unable tc fulfil
the intentions they were fent on, particularly in not being

* L^ capitana fe tendio a el mar para montalla.
f Caqando a popa.
X Enjuto de las plaias.

able

109

1606.

r !

1606.

<(
((
*t
tt
it

€*

*t
*t
it

*€

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
it

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de Q^U I R O S '

able to cirry to the fquadron the intelligence fo i luch wiflied
for of a harbour (for although the zahra had anchored, it was
at a great rifque, for it was all rocky, and httle Sheltered),
as well as of water, whereof they were in great want, and of
the b-haviour of the people. They were thus returning to
the {hip, quite difconiblate, when a brave fpirited young man,
Francisco Ponce, a native of Triana, flighting the danger,
got up, andcondemning their return without feeing any thing,
immediately ftripped, faying that if they (hould thus turn
their faces from the firfl: dangers which their fate prefented,
what hope could there be of fuccefs in the event : that fince,
in countries fo remote, fo far from home, in places unknown,
feas unnavigated, andamongft favages, there was a neceflity
of fuffering much j he was determined, although he fhould
be daihed to pieces againfl the rocks, to get afhore, and
make peace with the Indians, fince it was a matter of fp much
confequence to the general good. Saying this, he threw him-
felf into the fea, and prefently got where the fea beat furi-
oufly againfl: the rocks, and climbing up one of them, he
got a top of it, although cautious of the favages j who,
pleafed with the lad's refolution, went to receive him, em-
bracing him with much fliew of affedtion, and often kifling
his forehead. The Spaniard doing the like, to repay their
good will and careflTes.

«' Some other Spaniards, infl:igated by this example, alfo
leaped into the fea, and getting to the fliore, were received in
like manner by the Indians. Thefe valiant favages carried in
their hands lances of thick wood *, burnt at the ends, from
2C to 30 palms long; others fwords -f of palm wood, and
others ^reat clubs. They dwell in thatched houfes, on the

Lan9as de palo gruefo.

t Macanas.

brink

.,■ ■■i'litt^'.ici^ji -. v-v;

((
((
((

<(
**
it
**
it
tt

€€
<<
((
€f
tt
it
ft
*.t
Ct

€*
it
ft
ft
it
tt
it
tt
tt
tt

V o y A G E.

brink of the fea, amongft the palms, whereof there is great
abundance, their fruit ferving them for food, and fome fifh
from the fea. They go naked, are in colour mulattoes, but
well limbed, and of good carriage. Our people treated with
them by figns well underftood, to prevail on fome to come to
the fhips, whence they Hiould be fent back loaded with pre-
fents, and cloathed. Finding they were not to be prevailed
upon, they returned to the fesi, and fwam off to the boats,
where they were received, and told what had pafled. They
returned towards the ihips. This being perceived by the In-
dians eight or nine of them threw themfelves into the water,,
and with fome dread, though encouraged by our people,,
came to the boats; who, feing them coming, ftaid for
them, endeavouring to perfuade them to come aboard by
giving them knives, and other things, with which they
feemed pleafed, but not for thefe, however, did they chufe
to truft them. They returned afliore, where their compa-
nions waited for them.

«* Seeing night was approaching, and little probability of
getting the Indians aboard, they returned to the fhips, and
informed the captain, who ordered that they fhould keep in
the offing all * night, and next day [uih February] purfue
whatever meafures they fhould find expedient. They fpent
the night in this manner j but when morning came, they
found themfelves about 8 leagues from that place, down the
coaft t : this gave great difguft to all, as it was impoffible to
retuin back, nor fee the Indians. But difcovering the land
abreafl to be the fame they had left, it was great fatisfadion-
to every onq, as they knew it was inhabited.

• Pairafe por la parte de fuera.

t 8 leas, apartados de aquel parage, la cofla abaxo.

Ill

1606.

I. ' -^ 'M

: 4

** Having*

112 PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJIROS'

1606. *« Having hoifted out the capitana's boat, the (hips working

to windward for want of a port, 10 or 12 men went in her
to look for water, and people, to follow their track in queft of
it *. The boat being got to the wafli of the fea f found
landing fo difficult that it could not be attempted without
great hazard of their .life : however, they leaped into the
water, and with much trouble got the boat over the rocks,
the tops whereof appeared at the reflux of the waves.
•* Having got to a requefio^ which was near the fhore, and to
the entrance of a little wood of palms, and other trees, they
were hefitating where they (hould enter in queft of water, fo
much defired, and alfo of fome town, when, looking to the
fea, they faw the almiranta's boat, rowing very brifkly to
the ihore, in which came 8 mufqueteers. They waited for
their landing to enter the wood together. Thefe got afhorc
with the fame rifque, and were joyfully welcomed by their
companions, and then fet out on their way by the thick wood,
fome of them cutting the branches with their fwords, till they
came near another bay of dead water, which is on the other
fide of the ifland. Within the izmt, wood, they defcried a
round place, furrounded with fmall ftones, and in one part \
of it were fome larger, which were raifed from the ground
about a cubit and a half, adjoining to § a large high tree, from
whofe trunk hung many woven palm-leaves, which fell upon
the ftones, which were raifed in form of an altar ; where, with-
out doubt, refided theenemy of mankind, whence he deceived
the favages with his equivocal refponfes. This being obferved
by our people, they folicitous, where the Prince of Darknefs
had dwelt, to place the royal ftandard, whereby the Prince

* Para feguir dcftle alii fu camino en demanda de fu intento.

t Refluxo.

X Y eii la una parte de clla.

^ Arriniadas a un arbol.

((
f(
((
if
((
tt
t*

((
«(
((
(«
((
<(
(<
(«

t€
«t
((
€t
it
«(
f*
*i
*t
€t
**
t*

ft
((
<(

((
<(

€€
it
t*
t€
((
<(
«(
ft

«
«

rc
ft
*(
rt

f«
«(
i(
(«
«(

VOYAGE.

of Light gave life to us, with chriftian zeal cut down a tree
with their knives, which they formed into a crofs, and fixed
in the middle of the place.

" Leaving this, they went to the plain in queft of water, and
feeing another fniali wood oppofite to them, they went into
it J where, in a fmall meadow, as it was moift and verdant,
they dug to find water. But their pains were to little pur-
pofe, for what iflued was brackifh, leffening the hopes they
had till then entertained, and increafmg their thirft. But
they prefently alleviated it, for fbme climbing up the palms
which were there, they cut down plenty of coconuts, drink-
ing and eating of them. Seeing they could not find what they
fought, they loaded with them, and walked towards the
fhore with the water to their knee, about half a league; for the
force of the fea, after breaking upon the rocks, extends itfelf
along the fhore to the fkirts of the little, mountains, joining
at high water the fea on the other fide of the ifland, by a
(hallow fandy channel, in the middle of the two little woods.
** Then arriving at the boats, they were afraid of going to
them, as well on account of the danger of getting out, as
becaufe they were much loaded with coconuts and arms.
But Providence unexpe<ftedly pointed out to the boats a nar-
row track, where they entered without rifque, fo near thofe
who were afhore, that they were enabled to embark without
wetting a foot.

" The capltana's boat was the firfl which put to fea to return
to the fhips, for the other waited to embark fome of their
people that came after, though at a diflance. For fome be-
ing feparated in the higher part of the wood, between the
trees, perceived fomething like a perfon walking leifurely ;
they went up to it, and found it to be a woman, but fo old,
in appearance, that it was amazing fhe could fland on her

Q^ ** feet.

1606.

^<'K

"*•.

114

i6o6.

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJIROS*

" feet. She appeared to have been in her youth of a gracefut
«* mien, and well made *. The features of her face, although
«« wrinkled and dry, gave, notwithftanding, tokens of no lit-
" tie beauty. They told her, by figns, that (he muft go with
•* them to the Ihips : the Indian, without (hewing any uneafi-
<« nefs, or regret, obeyed, going with them to the boat, and
" in it to the capitana, much to the f^tisfadlion of thofe who
** carried her, and not lefs afterwards of the captain and others
** aboard, feeing there could not fail of being people a(hore,
«* fmce they found the origin of them^

♦* The captain ordered the Indian to be clad, to have meat
'• and drink, whereat (he gave (igns of being well pleafed ; and
** to be carried afhore again, to let the natives know, he
** meant nothing but peace and friendihip with them.

«* When they reached the(hore, they walked with her along
«* the beach to another oppo(ite ; for (he diredted them diither,
•* pointing with her (inger, that there were her people. Our
** people looking that way, faw (ive or (ix piraguas coming by
** the other part of the fea -f-,, drying their fails,, which ap-
*« peared to be lafine, made of palms, and they of white wood,.
** well wrought, narrow and long ; their feams joined with
** ftrong thongs, made of the fame palms,, which is the tree
** wherewith they fuftain themfelves, and make of it their
♦* ve(rels, cables, fails, and all kinds of arms and cloathing„
•* wherewith the womea adorn themfelves from the waiftfi
*« downwards : they alfo afford them meat and water; and they
*« underftood, that it is this alone they drink, for our people
** could find none in more thaa twa leagues of the land over
" which they went.

* De talle gallar do y difpuefto.

t Que venian por la otra parte del mar;

■if.

y Being

•* Being got to the beach, the favages, in great halle, took
down their fails, and leaving their veflels at anchor, landed,
and came up towards our people, who alfo advanced to them.
Scarce did they fee the Indian woman, when they ran to em-
brace her, wondering to fee her clothed i embracing alfo our
people with (hews of afFedlion, at which the ferjeant Pedro
Garcia ftept forth, afking by figns which of them was
chief, or captain. He was fhewn a robuft man, of a graceful
mien *, lively, well built, and ftrong limbed, with broad
cheft and ihoulders. He had on his head a kind of crown,
made of fmall black feathers, but fo fine and foft, that they
looked like filk. There fell down backwards a bunch of red
hair, fomewhat curled, the ends whereof reached to the
middle of the back ; it caufed in our people much admira-
tion to fee amongft thefe Indians, who are not white, hair fo
perfectly red, although they concluded it was of his wife
(for they fuppofed him married). They made figns for him
to go aboard, where he would have prefents made him : he,
feeming well pleafed, accompanied with his people, went
with ours to the beach, who embarking in the boat : he did
the like with fome other Indians i but fcarce were they em-
barked, when, afraid of fome treachery, they leaped into the
water, and fled to the fhore. Their chief wanted to do the
fame j but our people, perceiving his intention, held him
faft, rowing as faft as they could to get off fliore. But the
furious barbarian, turning his arms every way, defended
himfelf, though his trouble was to little purpofe, and they
prefently got to the capitana with him j but all their endea-
vours to perfuade him to go aboard were to no effeft ; which
being perceived by the captain, he ordered that they (hould there

»»5

i6od.

J. Ill

!'1:'

i !

* Talle gallardo.
0.2

cloath

K;7

1 ■. -V - ■

ii6

1606.

((
<<
((
«(

«
((
((
«(
((
<(
if
((
((

it
t€
t*
it
«(
€t
«(
((
((
tt
it
It
tt
t€
tt
it

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJIROS*

cloath him, giving him food, and aiTuring him of their good
intentions; and in confirmation thereof, returned him
cloathed and free, to the (hore. His fpeedy return, was of
no little importance ; for the Indians afhore, who were more
than a hundred, feeing their leader carried prifoner, fur-
rounded three or four Spaniards who had remained -^Hiore
(for the reft were embarked, fome in the boat which carried
the Indians, and others in that which was then aboard), and
with lances and great flicks threatened our people : this be-
ing obferved by thofe in the boat, and feeing the danger their
companions were expofed to, four or five leaped afhore, fome
with targets, and others with mufquets, and walked as fail
as they could to join their friends, who, with their muf-
quets prefented, faced the Indians with undaunted refo-
lution. Pedro Garcia, the ferjeant, was with them^
** At this inftant the Indian chief landed, whereupon the
barbarians were appealed, and, leaving the Spaniards, went to
receive their lord ; wha, with tears of joy, advanced to em-
brace them, informing them of the good treatment he had
received, telling them alfo that the Spaniards were friends,,
and came in peace. Our people who were afhore, joyfully
received the Indian, going altogether to the beach, where
the vefTels lay, intimating, by figns, they wanted to go to
their own country. Our people, by way of feftivity, on
learning from them, that in their route "were large countries,
fired their mufquets into the air, alarming thofe aboard the
ihips, who fuppofed the peace was broke. At length, the
Indians being embarked, theirchief came to our people, and
embracing the ferjeant, with much affedtion, took off the
crown from his head, and gave it to him, exprefiing by
figns, that he had nothing of greater eftimation. He then
went aboard his piragua, and fetting fail, navigated toward

" afmall

tt
«<

«•
«<

<i
(•

^■'*

a fmall iflot, and our people returned to the boats, in which
they went aboard the (hips. They kept working in the offing
all night, and next day [12th February] ran. along fhore, to
the N. W. obferving the fun, in it, in 17 deg. 40 min. S. *
** Prefently leaving it, they failed till Tuefday 14th February,
when they faw an ifland to the N. E. they made for it, but
being much to leeward, could not fetch it. They left it, and
** Next day faw another to the N. E. but neither could they
fetch it, the winds not admitting.

" They failed on till the 21ft, when they difcovered another
ahead to the W. They flood for it, but night coming on,
they lay to till next day, when the zabra went to look for x
port i but although they found- one, it was fo bad, fo open,
and the foundings fo. near fhore, that the (hips durflnot an-
chor. They hoided ou6 the boats, and in them fent fifty
men to look for water afhore, for now the want of it diftreffcd'
them much. They found fuch plenty of fifh^ thatthey catch-
ed them with their hands, andbirds of different kinds, which
they alfo caught with their handsi. It was uninhabitable, and'
deflitute of water, but had^ plenty of palms. At length they
l^ft it> as unprovided with what they wanted: They ob-
ferved the fun in this ifland in fcant lo deg. 30 min. S. It lays
N . and' S. and- i& 8 or i o leagues in- circuit. It'is even with
the water, and has in the middle a ^lace/, or large lake of fait
water, as many of thofe they had left behind. They named
it St. Bernardo.

" Leaving this ifland, they ran with very little fail during that
night, the wind being aft and frefhi and^fbaring^the land was
near, by the many birds they had about them; Thus they
were till Thurfday 2d March, when* in the morning early,,
they difcovered land to the weflward. They lay to till fuir-rife,,

* This ifland is called Sagitaria in the Memorial.

andi

117
1606.

f:f

.*!"*■■

1606.

<(
<(
((
((
((
«<
tt
**

4€

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJ I R O S '

and then made fail for it. They fetched it * on the north
fide, the zabra going ahead. Here their melancholy left
them; for they faw in the middle of the ifland fmoaks, which
was a certain fign of its being inhabited. The zabra difco-
vered near the fllorc, amongft palms, a town of thatched
houfes, from whence came out about 100 Indians, who were,
in e^fed, cruel enemies, though they did not fliew it in their
countenances and appearance, for they were the genteeleft,
moft beautiful, and whiteft people they found in the whole
voyage : they have a vaft number of fmall piraguas, three
or four Indians coming in each : they are extremSlyJieet,
made of one tree; they came in them along fide of the (hips,
making motions to fliew their courage and fpirit, and bran-
difhing very large lances, which are the common arms they
ufe. They were thrown from the (hips fome things, as well
food as cloathing, to induce them by good offices to come
aboard ; but they, taking what was given them, rowed off.
Thus matters ftood, when a narrow piragua arrived, in it
came an arrogant Indian, crying out, and making motions
with his hands and legs. He had on his head a tuft -f* made
of the palm, and a kind of fhirt alfo of palm, but all red. He
came to the balcony of the capitana, wher& fbme flood ad-
miring his daringnefs ; but he, incapable of fear, turning
back his arm, feized his fpear in both hands, and made a
thruft, intending to kill one of them, which was Don Diego
DE ToBAR Y Prado, getting off with his piragua at a
great rate ; but he was lucky that they had never a mufquet
at hand, to give him the reward he merited. Although they
cried out, and threatened him, he did not defift to approach
now and then with the fame intention. The captain, who

* Tomaronla.

t Tocado.

wa«

tf
•<
«l
•(

€€

«(
•(
«<
ft*

«(
«<
«<

M
«
M

VOYAGE.

was tt the ihip's fide, endeavouring by prefents and figns of
affedion,. to endear the Indians, and induce them to come
aboard the galleon, being informed of what pafTed, went aft,
admiring the Indian's aiTurance j and, in confequence of what
is above-mentioned, ordered a mufquet to be fired into the
air, without ball, to frighten him i this was done, but the
Indian (hewed no apprehenfion of the noife, and brandifhing
his lance, approached clofe to the (hip, with his nimble *
piragua ; but it waS not long before his life paid for his
daring impudence*

" They hoifled out the boats, and fent them with 60 men,
for the defence of the zabra j for a large ^oadron of Indians
had leaped into the water, and coming along fide of her where
fhe lay in 1 o fathom, they thought it would be eafy to fmk
her J but fifnding this impoflible, they got a long rope from>
the fhore, and making it faft to the prow of the zabra, en-
deavoured to drag her aihore. Perceiving that the people
aboard were preparing to cut it, they got a little off, and
made dice feme rope feft to the cable by which the zabra was
ridings ufing every poffibie means to annoy our people : but
boats arriving, they fwam toward the rfnore, fome being
killed, and others wounded by the ballls fired amongft
them^ and amongA; the former was the Indian, who had
jfhewn himfelf the moft daring. Our people not feeing any
place CO land, and having no orders to go afliore, they re-
turned to the (hips, weighing the zabra's anchor to bring her
near them, which were at anchor a little farther off, though,
on their guard "f*, oa account of the winds, which were,
veering every moment.

• Ligera.

t Aupque fobre avifo.

119

1606.

r 1

i ■:

The

. 6si^i;.

120 PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJIROS*

1606. ** The captain joined with the opinion of the moft judicious,

that next day people well armed (hould be Tent afhore to get
wood and water, to enable them to put in execution the
great defire they had to get into a higher latitude, in queft
of the Mother of Jo many ijlands,

** Next day they accordingly fent the boats, with the zabra
and 60 men, carrying fifes and drums, prepared for all
events i and fearching for the mod fecure place for the
zabra to anchor, they rowed with it clofe to fome fhoals,
where, though the fea beat with much fury« and gave them
much a,pprehenrion, yet it was the mod convenient place
they could find.

*' Enfign Pedro Lopez de Sojo not chufing to lofe the
honour, nor to delay, leaped into a fmall gondola, which
they carried in the fquadron, with two other men, to fearch
for a place to drop the zabra's grapling, and having found it,
acquainted Louis Vaez de Torres, captain of the almiranta,
that he might come to anchor, which he did prefently,
leaving the zabra at anchor, and getting the grapling afhore in
his own boat, and ufing the other boat as a protedion.
Scarce were the boats aihore« when, in a violent hurry,
above 150 favages came to the fhore, all with fhort * lances,
determined to revenge the injury they had fufFered. Louis
Vaez de* Torres, with two other Spaniards, and the en-
fign So JO, with great danger, had got afhore up to their
necks in water. Our people obferving the behaviour of the
Indians, fired their mufquets and flopped their career, laying
fome of them dead amongftthe rocks on the fhore, and putting
the refl to flight to fave themfelves, with more fpeed than
their defire of revenge had brought them. Leaving the fhore.

<«

<<
'((
<(
<(
«
it

€€
tt
tt

■tt
tt
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt

* Terciadas.

** whither.

VOYAGE.

" whither, with great danger, went 12 or 15 men, fonie wet-
" ting their mufquets, and others dropping them in the water,
•* their owners having much ado to fave their own lives ; Co
•* great was the furf which was beaten againft the flioals and
*• rocks, by the ftrong winds which then blew.

** The foldiers being got afliore, drew up in a little bread-
work which was on the beach, whilft the boats went for the
people who remained in the zabra; they, with great hazard,
got aftiore, all being very defirous to try their hands with the
" enemy, throwing afide all fear, which the imminent peril they
*• were expofed to, might have produced, judging it cowardice
" to remain behind. They carried their mufquets and powder-
" horns very high, that they might not be wet j and having
** joined their companions afhore, marched in regular order to-
." wards the town or village, where they found 10 or 12 Indi-
*' ans, all old men, moft of whom had refinous flicks, which
" they burnt as links, a fign amongd them of peace and friend-
" (hip, the others having fled into the wood, where were their
** children and wives near a large lagune, which the fea made
" with the flood-tide *. Thither our people faw an Indian walk-
** ing as fafl: as he could, carrying on his /houlders another
" wounded, who, from the defire he had to fave him, and the
*• danger he expofed himfelf to on that account, ought, with-
«* out doubt to have been his brother, father, or friend, which,
•« amongft fuch, are generally the end of afFedtion •f*.

*' Then coming up to the Indians of the town, whp waited
«* for them, they found them with their lighted links in their
«* hands, and fome of them with green boughs, which they
<« gave to our people, humbling themfelves with great marks
" of fear J particularly an old Indian was fitting, trembling at

141

i6o6.

• Que el mar hace, quandobanala ticrra.

t Que tntrc los que lo Ibu, fucle de ordinaro aver fme<;a5 de amor.

the

122
iCo6,

((
<«

(<
<(
((
((
((

«4
if
<<
«(
««
it
if

n
*f

4*
%*
*t

tt
I*
<(
**

(<
tt
tt
tt

PEDRO FERNANDEZde QJLT I R O S *

the fight of them. Amongft the others came one Indian,
handfome, and of large flature, though old; of him our
people, by ligns, begged water, Ihewing him a piece of taf-
fcty: hefeemedmuch pleafed, and went to condudt 14 or 15
Spaniards, who, with Louis Vaez de Torres, followed
him, the fquadron continuing drawn up in the fame place,
and arriving near the lagune, having pafled by the town, they
found a large brook, but of brackifli water, which did not a
little chagrin all of them, on account of their thiril. Hi-
ther came an Indian, with a coconut-fliell of frefli water,
and on hiding afked whence it was brought, replied, from
the other fide of the lagune. Immediately Louis Vaez de
Torres fent feven fbldiers with him to know where it was ;
thefe men, the Indians fliewing them the way, went to their
c/iacarast or gardens, where all the Indians had retired, who,
feeing our people, came out to make peace, and alfo fomc
women, of a good difpofition and beauty, and fome of them are
fo in the laft extreme * ; and although a barbarous people,
born and bred in thefe remote parts, expofed to the rigour of
the fun, of the air, and cold (reafon enough to be burnt up
and black), they were exceflively -f- white, principally the
women, who, were they cloathed, would, without doubt,
excel our Spanilh ladies, accompanying their gracefulnefs and
beauty witK modefty and bafhfulnefs. They looked with,
downcafl eyes, and very feldom : approaching to embrace
our people with demonftration of love and peace, according
to their cuftom. They go covered from the waifle down-
wards with white mats of palm, fine, and well worked, car-
rying others in the manner of mantles, made of the fame.

* Y nlgunas la tenian coa fobrado extcemo*
t DemaQadamente.

«(

palm,,

<€
t*

<(
ft
«
«(
<(
«(
<(
(<
<(
<(
<(
<(
<(
«(
<<

«(
«(

<c
<(
it
<(
<c
«(
«<

palm, with which they cover their Ihoulders. Oui people
were much plcafed to find the peace concluded.
** Thefoldiers fent by the captain in queft of water, came
to one of the chacaras, where, guided by the Indian, they
found a fmall brook of frefh water, and although it formed a
pool *, it was fo fmall, that it was impoffible to water the
fliips with it. They returned to inform Louis Vaez de
Torres of what they had feen, as well of the water as
of the people, who fent Juan Geroni mo to fpeak to thofe
clofe to the fhore, that from thence they might acquaint the
fhips. The lad carried his naked fword, without other de-
fence or arms. As he pafled by the houfes of the Indians,
ten or twelve came out to him with miillle darts, with fharp
burnt points, and large black clubs and macanast and at-
tacked himt endeavouring to kill him. An arrogant and
angry favage advanced with a fmall lance in his hand,
threatening with it, and watching a time to employ it to
purpofe. But the Spaniard, throwing afide all fear, waited
for him with his fword, though he had not an opportunity to
wound him j for at this time, the other Indians came on from
the crowd, pouring heaps -f- upon him, from which he could
fcarce defend himfelf, and not without being wounded in the
hand and in the face. At this noife our people repaired thi-
ther, as well the 1 5 Spaniards who had gone to the lake, as
thofe who remained in the fquadron j clofing with the In-
dians, fome with fwords and targets, others with mufquets,
in the affault, they killed four or five favages, and wounded
fome others. Of thofe who were killed, fuch was the cou-
rage and fpirit of one, that it much difgraccd our people; for
naked and without arms, except a club in his hand, he de-

Aunque manantlal.

t Llegaron dc tropcl los otros Indies tirarido le golpes.
R 2 «* fended

123

1606.

■M

1 •'•'I

124
i6 6.

«<

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJ I R O S '

fended himfelf againft more than twenty foldiers, well armed,
afting ofFenfively, as if he had equal arms, and defending
himfelf a very long time, and making, as it were, a fort
of his club, did not let one of his enemies come near him j
who, enraged at the favage, ceafed not to attack him with
their fwords, w^ell covered by their targets. To which the va-
liant favage gave furious blows ; and although they were (hel-
tered under them, he did not fail to annoy them. But as the
foldiers were many, and the Indian alone, he funk with fa-
tigue, though not with fear, and they advancied upon him fo
much, that fome of our people could give him many wounds :
yet not for this did the Indian give over, inflamed with rage
to attack our people, till fatigued, and fpent with lofs of
blood, he dropped dead, biting the earth in horrid agonies,
leaving all our people full of admiration to behold his valour,
and of regret to have taken that life which he had fo well de-
fended againil fuch numbers.

Leaving this place, they all together marched in order from
hence to the chacaras, in queft of food and people, but they
were difappointed, for all the Indians had fled, and of the
hindmoft, who were getting away as fafl: as they could, were
two old people, appearing to be man and wife ; who being
feen by our people, they purfued them in hopes of overtaking
them. The old man feeing it was impoflible to efcape thofe
who purfued, and looking on it certain, from what had paflcd,
that they fhould lofe their lives, was folicitous, that in cafe he
was to die, his companion fhould efcape, and perfuaded her
to fly immediately into a little wood, which was hard by,
telling her that it was more juft for him to wait the feverity
of our people. The Indian obeyed at her hufliand's requeft,
and left him alone till our people came up, when they
** feized him, and carried him to the armada, though, on ac-

" count

((

<t
il

€4-
it
(t
*t
<*
((

it.
*€

it.
n
it
it
tt
tt
tt.
tt
(4
tt
it

tt
%js
it

VOYAGE.

count of his great age they thought he would be ufelefs for
their purpofe, which was to carry him away, that they might
get fom.e information of the country. They were about
leaving him, when the old woman who had run away, came
out to them, faying Ihe would rather die with him than live
alone, which alfo raifed great aftonifhment in our people.
They left them together, and returned to the boats : the
two old people went to the town happy, and grateful for
their deliverance.

** The foldiers then fet about getting aboard i but they were
never in greater danger, as well on account of the violence
of the fea and wind, which then blew on fhore, as it was
increafing*. The almiranta's boat overfet, whofe people
were faved by fwimming ; fome got upon the boat's keel, but
it flood them in little ftead,^ as they were beat off by the vio-
lence of the fea, that they were obliged to betake themfelves
to the water again. Providentially they turned the boat
again, though half full of water, which they prefcntly bailed
out, and embarking again, proceeded to the fhips, leaving
afliore many palm-mats, coconuts, and other refrefhments,
which they had brought from the houfes, for even their
arms they could not embark without being wet, and their
owners were up to the head, for in embarking they were up
to their breafts in the water, and in the boats the waves
they fhipped wet every otlier part.

** They bore away for the Ihips very weary and vexed, and
much wounded in the feet, with the ftiarp points of the fea-
eggs which lay on the (hore, between the water and the;
rocks i thefe wounds took many days to cure.

12^

i6o6«

■|::

•:

:4:

-■;;:r-

. '"I

* Como por venir creciente-

They

126

i6o6.

((
«(
<<

((

«
«t
4(
<(

4(
4<

*t
<t

<«
it
*t
<(
t(
<(
*l

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJ I R O S '

" They were joyfully received aboard, the more as not one
had loft his life in the fray afliore, nor in the danger they
were expofed to coming off.

** As there was no water, nor harbour here, they determined
to leave the ifland, which they named Isla de la Gent p.
HFRMosA (Island of handsome People). It lies N.
and S. and is 6 leagues in circuit.

*• Having left this ifland, they ftood on their courfe for
St A. Cruz (an ifland difcovered in a former voyage, which
the captain made, which was fertile, had plenty of refrefli-
ments, and where they found a very good reception, though,
on account of fome diforders of the Spaniards, feme were
killed on both fldes) ; and being in its latitude, they failed
weft in queft of it.

** March 22d, Good Friday, hadagreat eclipfeof the moon,
the whole being eclipfed for three hours, till, by little and
lit'"le, the light was reftored *.

** Having conilantly kept this courfe with the fame wind,
till the 7th April, leaving land all thefe days on both fides,
by the figns they faw of birds and pumice-ftones ; and at
laft this day, at three P. M. from the capitana, they difcovered
land bearing W. N. W. high and black like a vulcano.
** They ftood for it till night fet in j and then, for fear of
flioals, kept turning to windward till day-break, when they
ftood for it, and in midway, about two leagues from the
land, they fell upon a bank, in which they had from 12 to
1 5 fathom ; they were two hours in pafling over it, and then
loft foundings. They got in fhore j but being late, they
were obliged to lay-to till next day, 9th April, wheil the
zabra went a-head, and captain Louis Vaez de Torres,

Fcrgufon's Tables place this on the 24th March.

With

<«
««
it

t<
•«
<<
((
It
*t
*t
«(

l€
**
'<(
<(
C(
<(
«(
€€
€t

#(
«(
«(
«(

VOYAGE.

with the boats, in which went 50 men j they flood to the
S. W. for the middle of fome other fmall iflands, which make
a channel, at a diftance they appeared to be one, difcovering
many houfes amongft the woods, and fome on the ftiore.
** The armada finding a fecure port, clofe to the fmall iflands,
which were feparat;:d from the large one to theeaft, they an-
chored in 25 fathom. The boats went to the neareft fhore,.
from whence they brought fome water, plantans, coconuts
and roots, palmitos and fugar-canes, with, which they re-
turned aboard, giving an account of what they had feen, and
(hewing what they had got. Herein they pafled the day,
till next morning, at funrife, when under convoy of the
zabra, the boats went with 50 or 60 people, with a view
to conclude the peace fo much defircd. At no great diflance
from the fhips, they difcovered a fmall iflot, fituated within
the reefs, a full fathom above water, made by hand of coral
rock *, wherein were about 70 houfes, covered with palms,
and hung with mats on the infide. This, as they there un-
derftood, ferved on occafion as a fort, whither they retired,
whenever any hojiile Indians came from the adjoining coun-
tries to make war there. They doing the like in large and
ftrong veiTels, wherein, with great fafety, they can put out
to fea.

" Arriving at the furf, they palTed through it, where they
had fcarce a fathom water, and failing toward the fort to
feek for people in it, they faw little gondolas, paffing over
to the other fandy fhores of the ifland, which was a-breaft,
at a little diftance j and left they /hould offer to attack them,
they prepared their mufquets, to be ready if occafion re-
(^uired. But the Indians, who did not lefs defire the peace

127

1606.

* Vivas penas.

€C

than

,'''51

128

i6c6.

4(-
4<
it
t(
i<
«<
((
«(
ft
ft
t(
t*
it
«(
((
%t
ft
<(
€t
tt
H
tt
«
€t
tt
*t
tt
tt
tt
4i
tt

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJLJ I R O S '

than our people, came out with great joy, fomein their pi-
raguas, and fome in the water up to their breads, to receive
us, accompanying their valiant captain, who carried his bow
for a ftafF, faluting them, and then guiding them to the fort.
But our people confidering fo many robuft Indians coming
aboard, might fmk the boat, they made figns for them to go
away, which they did immediately ; fome returning to the
fort, and others to the illands, leaving the fea clear, where-
fore they kept their arms ready till they got to the landing-
place at the town, where one of the capitana's boats arrived
firft. The people in it landed, and there waited for thofe of
the almiranta, who were not long behind them. Being all
together in a body, about 50 in number, for the reft had
been left in the zabra and boats to take care of them. Form-
ing a fquadron, they began to enter the town, looking care-
fully on all fides, being apprehenfive of an ambufcade. But
they did not find a fingle perfon in it, for the Indians who had
entered into it, as foon as they faw our people land, threvr
themfelves into the water on the other fide, without being
perceived by our people. They returned prefently to the
beach, and making a fignal with a handkerchief at the oppo-
fite fhore, that they fliould come in peace, the Indians,
who waited there in hopes of fuch an invitation, were fatisfied
to fee itj fome threw themfelves into the water, and others,
in their boats, came to our people. Their captain fhewed
himfelf before the reft with marks of afFe<ftion and joy: he
brought in his right hand a green palm cabbage, which he
gave to Louis Vaez after embracing, doing the fame to
many others of the foremoft ; all were well pleafed to fee
how eafily they had purchafed the peace, and in a place where
were wood and water, fo much dcfired, to enable us to con-
tinue our voyage. At this time arrived two old Indians,
2 ** leaving

((

€t

*• leavinff their arms on the fliore, and hand in hand came to
** our people, faluting them with great humility : they tm-
** derftood by figns, that it was the father or uncle of Tali-
*' cj^/EN (who was captain).

•• The Indians continued fome in a very fmall fquarc at the
entrance of the fort, and others on high rocks *, admiring and
gazing at our arms and things j our people not lefs aftonifhed
to fee their agility and ftrength of limbs ; and as all was
quiet, and the captain having fent his Indians to the other
fide, remained with his little fon and two other Indians, to
guard the fort. We took the opportunity to reft a little after
*' our fatigue, placing two guards for the greater fecurity, one
** on the fea- fliore, and another in a fquare, which was in the
** middle of the fort, where the proper guards being fixed,
** they difarmed themfelves, fitting and lying down in the
«* grove, recreating themfelves with fome fruit brought them.
The Indians came with their embarkations, to carry aboard
the fliips the wood and water they were in want of.
** They made an altar in a houfe within the fort, where
they faid mafs, and all the people in the armada took the
communion, for it was then the Eafter holidays.
** At the end of the feven days, which they had continued in
* the fort, not having any thing more to do in the ifland, they
determined to fail. But thinking that it was requifite for their
future voyage, to carry away fome of the Indians, who might
** ferve as guides and interpreters, they feizedjour, embark-
ing them in the boats, which being known to their chief, he,
with great grief and concern, came to the ihore, begging that
he might embark in one boat, and the Indians in the other.
' They left the fort, anJ in a fliort time the boat, in which

((

<«

((

€4

((

<«

1606.

itij

• Fenas fubidas.

was

130

i6o6.

((

«(

€i

it
tt
tt
((
((
((
((

«<
H
<t

^€
t*

*€

tt
tt

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJ I R O S '

was the Indian chief, got to the capitana, a fon of his going
along with him, who had fet out after him from the fort,
in a gondollila ; and after having talked to the people, and
being difpatched by the captain, feeing he was denied his
people, he was obliged to return to the rtiore with his fon.
At this time the other boat arrived with the four Indians,
who, as foon as they faw their lord, they began to call him
with lamentable bewailings. He then, defirous to free them
at the rifque of his life, returned in his embarkation towards
them. But in the capitana it being feen what hindrance this
might occafion, they difcharged a gun without a ball ; at the
noife whereof, the daring Indian, making figns with his hand
to his people as if he defpaired of being able to obtain their
liberty, returned towards the ifland, and the Spaniards
loofmg the forefail, flood out to fea, though with difficulty, as
the wind was not favourable. They got oft fhore that night
about four leagues, and next day *, about day-break, one of
the four Indians threw himfelf overboard, obliging them to
be very watchful of him that remained in the capitana (for
the almiranta carried the others).

'« Thus they failed till the 2ifl April, when, pretty late,
they made the land to the S. E. They flood for it, but it being
late, they flood off and on till next day f. When coafling
along it on the north fide, they faw a long fandy beach, and
fome people on it ; and in the green part of the wood,
which was oppofite, many palms and plantations; but as there
did not appear to be any port fheltered from the winds, they
left it flanding to the fouth. It is in full 12 deg. S. [and is
named Tucopia.] Being got to fea about a league, the In-
dian thinking this a favourable opportunity, he leaped into

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
(I
tt

April 1 6.

t April 22.

the

{

((
*t
((
<(
((
(I
*t

<t
((
<t
tt

e<
tt
tt
tt
*t
*€
tt
it
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
ft
it

the water, expedling foon to reach the fliore, as they were to
wmdward of it. It was thought neceflary to advifc the almi-
ranta of what had happened, that care might be taken of
thofe aboard, but notwithftanding one of them did the fame.
The other they found did not, becaufc he was a flave to the
others, and found our treatment was better than that of the
Indians of Taumago, who kept him prifoncr.
*• Louis Vaez de Torres, to fee the natives, and h?vc
fome intercourfe with them, went nearer in fhore ; taking a
lead and line he went in his gondollila, and without going a-
fliore, talked with the Indians, who gave him a piece of
cloth, woven of the palm, and fome coconuts, and made alfc
figns of large countries, faying that the inhabitants were
whiter than thofe we had left. He returned to the (hips,
which not wanting wood nor water, made fail to the Jbuf/iward ;
failing on till the 25th April, although with fome contrary
and variable winds, when they faw, at day-break, land a-
head, high and large. They failed to it, calling it Na. Sena.
DE LA Luz; they found it was in 14 4. deg. S. lat. They faw
another to the wcjlivardy and another larger to ihefouthwardy
and to the Jbuth eajiward another ftill larger, which ap-
peared without end, full of great mountains ; feeing this
other to the ivejiwardt and another very high and large
over the firft, whither they were directing their courfe.
They reached it about four in the evening, the zabra going
a-head, which fome Indians invited to come, fhewing palms *.
They faw in it chacaras, or gardens, where they have their
plantations; it was very luxuriant and green, fome large
brooks of water falling into the fea by fome gaps.

• Llamaron con palmas.
S 2

Thi#

^3»

1 606.

t ■',

'\ 1 1

i'::

132

i6o6.

««

<i
f (
(<
(«
<<
<(
((
((
((
<(
<(

tt
*t
<«
((
((

€t
t*
«<

«<

<(
<<
<<

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJIROS'

** This evening,onaconfultatIon which ofthelandsinfightthey
/hould chirfe, it was agreed to ftand for that which lay to the
tt'^of N'^. Sen"*, dr i.a Luz ; and thus next day they were
about going on the Jbui/i iide, but before they reached it, they
faw another larger and higher to t\\cfout/i eajinvard. At length
they reached that they had determined on Wednefday, 27th
April. On the tops of the high mountains they perceived
fmoaks (figns aniongft thcni of joy and peace), which was
confirmed by fome Indians coming in their piraguas to the
/hips without arms, their only motive being to induce them
to go to their country. This being perceived by the captain,
he ordered the capitana's boat, with 20 foldiers and their offi-
cer, to fee if they could find a harbour and the other tl'jgs,
which at a diftance the country promifed.
" The foldiers, armed with targets and mufquets, went in
the boats, and got to the (hore in a fliort time j where they
faw, between the rocks and valleys, beautiful to the fight,
falling headlong into the fea, copious and large rivers, whofe
fources appeared to be in the tops of the mouhtains. They
alfo faw on the fhore fome hogs, like thofe of Spain -, and
Indians, without number, of three different colours ; a cer-
tain fign of the greatnefs and extent of the iiland, and of its
being very near the main land. Some were mulattoes *, others
quite black, and the others extremely '\ white, having
beards and red hair.

** It caufed no fmall aftonifhment in our people to fee an In-
dian, whereof there were many on the fliore, calling our
people with figns of peace : he had come down in a great
hurry from the lower part of a mountain to the fea fhore, and
boldly entering the water, without fear of our people, he

• Pardos.

f Grando extremo.

'* fwam

it
t(
<(
((
<(
(<
<t
((
<(
(<
*t
tt

«(
<<
((
((
((
«<
<(
<«
<«
«(
«(
((
cc

VOYAGE.

Avam ofF to the boat, where he was taken up and made a pri-
foner, from an apprehenfion that he might intend fomc mif-
chicf, as he appeared fo fpirited and ftrong, and made figns *
with his face and arms. He brought on his arms fome
braceletsof wild hogs tulks. His perfon indicated him to be
a cazique, or chief in his country, as they afterwards found.
At the fame time fome piraguas came to the zabra, whicli
was near fhore, from whence, with careflcs and coaxing,
they decoyed one of the Indians, which came in them, in-
tending to carry him to the captain, who was very folicitous
to fee them, that he might make them prefents and cloath
them ; fince by thefe means it was eafy to conchide a peace
with them, a thing of fuch importance to their defign.
** The Indian being aboard the zabra, they fixed a chain up-
on his feet, for fear he fhould throw himfelf into the water,
proceeding with him towards the fhips, which were more
than three leagues from the fhore. The Indian feeing him-
felf thus made a prifoner, blamed his rafli courage, and con-
cluding that his imprifonment would be the prelude to his
death, he feized a favourable opportunity, and broke the
chain with his hands, leaving on his foot the padlock, with
fome of the links, and without any one's endeavouring to
prevent him, he threw himfelf into the fea, and fwam at a
great rate towards his country. Our people feeing it would
be labour loft to go in purfuit of him, the night being clofe
and dark, they continued their route diredly for the capi-
tana, to whom they gave intimation of what had hap-
pened.

" At this time the bo^t which brought the Indian arrived,
having rowed aboard, and getting the Indian into the fliip,

'33

1606.

* Ademanes.

the

'34

i6o6.

it
(<
(<
((
((
((
((
(<
i*
<(
<t
*t
tt
tt

4(
«<
i<
<(
((
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

PEDRO FERNANDEZ dk QJU I R O S '

the captain came out to fpeak to him, to endeavour to tike
away the fear he had of being a prilbncr j but on account of
what the other had done, they ordered to put him in the
flocks, left he (hould do the fame, fecuring him that he
might be cloathed, and returned next day to his people. They
made fail, ftanding along fliore, though very flowly, for tlic
winds were fcant: it being now about ten at night, they who
had the watch on the forecaftle, called out that they heard
voices, immediately bearing away for where they heard them,
to know what it was; as foon as they were got near, they knew
it to be the Indian who had broke the chain, who becoming
miferably tired and overcome, feeing it was impoflible to
reach the fhore, thought it better to deliver himfelf up into
the hands of his enemies, than die in the water ; and thus
crying out, he begged in his language for help, which was
given him, taking him in, and taking off the padlock and bit
of chain which he had on his foot, fhewing him, for his fur-
ther comfort, the other Indian, leaving them together for
the night, and giving them fomething to eat. Day being
come, the captain had them cloathed in coloured tafFaty,
whereof he brought many garments, to truck for provifions
and fuch like purpofes : they clipped their beards and hair,
the captain embracing them, whereat they were well pleafed
and undeceived. They were returned in the boat to the fhore :
and one of them, who was lord and cazique, on going a-
fhore, in return for the good ufage he had received, gave or-
ders to bring them hogs, plantans, and fruit, very different
in tafte and figure from thofe in the Indies ; they are fomething
like figs in fhape, very red, and of a fweet fcent, and others
of different forms ; and aFfo potatoes and yams, which ferve
them for food *.

Comida.

They

n
it
<(

i<
«(
((
((
((
tt
*t
l<
<(
«(
<(

(<
<(
l<
«
(<
(<
<(
it

t€

€*

*' They were much concerned at his departure, and going
along fliore in the boat, clofe to the beach, they palled in
fight of many towns, very full of people *, the inhabitants
were darker coloured "I* than the others, to appearance a vile
people and uncivilized, from what they afterwards found.
The called the boats with figns of peace, and fending their
women to the thickeft part of the wood, let fly, with great
fury, a volley of poifoned arrows if. Our people perceiving
their treachery, got a little off, and gave them, with their
accuftomed dexterity, adifchargeof mufquetry, killing fome,
and wounding others (rev/ard well deferved by their malevo-
lence). One of our people, named Francis Machado,
was wounded in the face, either by his own carelefsnefs, or
becaufe the target-men, who were in front, did not cover
him well ; though the wound was not at all dangerous, as
well becaufe it ftruck the cheek bone, as becaufe the arrow
was almofl fpent.

** Seeing then the night was far advanced, they returned to-
wards the armada, to inform them of what had happened.
As they were defirous to fee the large countries which ap-
peared to the . W. they flood for it, and reached it 30th
April, about 3 P. M. and feeing an open port § like a bay,
the zabra was fent with one of the boats to difcover it ; they
did fo, and faw all over the country many fmoaks, as well on.
the tops, as fides of the hills : but becaufe it was late when
they got in to difcover it, and becaufe the capitana fired a
gun, they returned ; waiting till next day, when fcarce did.
it begin to dawn; before they went a fecond time, founding
the bay in every part,, the armada waiting at the entrance;
and about 3 P. M. they came to give an account of having,

• Dc gran gentio. -f-

X Flechas armadas con ycrva.

Mas pardos.

§ Puerto abierto.

«'

feen>

'35

1606.

'%,.

m^^

■Sff

136

1606.

<(
*t

€*

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJ I R O S '

feen many people on the (hore, of /urge Jize *" ; and that the
bay was very wide, and fheltered from all winds, and of a
good harbour, with foundings from 30 to 8 fathoms, very
near the fhore, and that which was feen from without, run-
ning to the S. and S. W. had no end, but appeared lands very
great and double. They alfo brought an account that fome
piraguas had come to them with figns of peace (though they
afterwards had reafon to fee it was feigned), and that they
gave them fome feathers like martinets. The captain and
pilot hearing the defcription of this porti and that to leeward
of it -(- there was the appearance of another la/ge bay, they
ordered to bear away, and thus flood for it with no fmalljoy
to all perfons, to have feen the accomplifhment of their de-
fires ; having now within reach the mofl plentiful and
powerful country difcovered by Spaniards. The almiranta
entered firfl j the others, with the zabra, remaining near
the mouth, for it was then night, and they had not know-
ledge of the entrance till next day, which being the day of
St. Philip and St. James, they gave the fame name to the
bay. Day being come, and having a pleafant frefh land
breeze, they entered therewith in great fafety. The boat
then was fent to feek a convenient port ; and returned with
an account that they had found one with foundings from 40
to 6 fathom, all fand and clear, between two rivers. They
were overjoyed at this news, and going up the bay, they faw
on the one fide of it, from many vefTels, the people calling
to be taken aboard p But they, without doing them any
mifchief, proceeded on, working to windward, to fetch the
anchoring place j but as it was now late, they deferred it till
next day, the 3d May, upon which they anchored, giving

* Grandes cuerpos. f Mas a foUycnto por la mifma.

X Para mcterlos deotro.

the

G E.

«(

€t
t€
*t
I*
i*
t(
<(
it
*f
**
it
t€
*t

tc
it
tt

4€
tt
.**
«t
*t
«<
«(
*t
tt
tt
tt

the port the name of Vera Cruz, and to the country that
of Austral del Espiritu Santo.

** The faid port is between two rivers, one whereof they
named Jokdan, the other Salvador, which give no
fmali beauty to all their (hores, for they are full of odori-
ferous flowers and plants. The ftrands of this bay are broad,
long, and clear; the iea is hereftill and pleafant, for although
the winds blow ftrong within the bay, the water is fcarce
moved. There is in all parts in front of the fea, pleafant and
agreeable groves, extending to the fides of many mountains,
which were in fight ; and alfo from the top of one, which
our people mounted, were perceived at a diftance extremely
fertile vallies, plain and beautiful j and various rivers wind-
ing amongft the green mountains. The whole is a country
which, without doubt, has the advantage over thofe of
America, and the beft of the European will be well if it
is equal. It is extremely plenteous of various and delicious
fruits, potatoes, yams, papas, plantans, which the country
produces in exceflive abundance, fince, without the help of
plough, or fickle, or other artifice, it yields to its inhabi-
tants at all times excellent fruit. There are alfo in the vallies,
and hills, oranges and limes. They faw almonds larger than
thofe in Spain, Oi;w, and many other fruits unknown, but
delicious to the tafte j there is fweet bafil, nutmegs, ebony,
fowls, and hogs. And according to the figns made in the
other iflands they had left, alfo cattle, birds, of many Iwnds,
and charming notes; they faw honey-bees, doves, par-
tridges and parrots : the houfes wherein the Indians live are
thatched and low, and they of a black complexion. There
are earthquakes ; fign of a main land.

^17

1606.

isS

•3»

1606.

«(

((
((
<t
t*
(€
((
it
it

tt
<(
((
f(
*t
tt
*t
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJLT I R O S '

** Next day, when the boats got to the fhore, the Indians, and
their king with them, came out to the ftrand, extremely con-
cerned at our arrival, endeavouring with fome prefents of fruit,
which they gave, to procure our return ; but our people leaping
afliore, endeavoured to make peace with them, although the
Indian king, making a line on the ground with the point of a
bow, faid, that none muft pafs it. But Louis Vaez, think-
this would appear cowardly^ paffed the line : fcarce had he done
fo when the barbarians, in a great hurry, let fly fome arrows j
and in return for this condudt, and ill intention, our people
killed fome of them, and the king among the reft, the others
flying to the mountains.

" Whilft the fhips continued here at anchor, they made fome
expeditions inland, in queft of provifions, which began to grow
fcant, and alfo to treat with the Indians about a peace ; but
they were fo ill-inclined, that the Spaniards could never come
to an agreement with them ; but rather, laying ambufcades,
they would watch them many times in the way, though
they never could do any harm, as the trees and leaves of
the wood warded off the arrows that they (hot, at the
fame time that the branches give little interruption to balls.
** In this manner they pafled their time, &c. *
** At length, when they were preparing to depart, 25 foldi-
6rs went up by the fide of a mountain, in queft of fome frefh
provifwns j leaving fome men on guard at the fhore, and from
the top they difcovered a beautiful valley, to which they went
down, and not finding a town, or fign of people, entered by
it, and going up another mountain, which was two leagues
diftant from the fliore, they heard the noife of drums; and foli-
citousof feizing thelndians, they went with the utmoftfilence.

((

<(
<(
(<

• Giving an accoint of fome fcftivals they kept, on taking pofTeflion of thefe
countries, in the name of Philip III.

till

((
((
t(
<(
((
(f
((
(*
<(
<(
<<

<c
((

tt
*<
<(
it
l(
tt
ct
tt

M
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
4t

till they got fo near that they could attack them. The town
pafied the day without apprehenfion, in dancing and jollity j
but prefently, when they found themfelves attacked, aban-
doning the houfes, they retreated up the mountains, leaving
their wives and children ; though, from what they after-
wards did, it may be believed, their flight was owing to
their being attacked by furprize, and without arms. Our
people feeing themfelves mafter of the town, took 14 hogs
from only one houfe which they entered ; wherewith, and
three boys which they found in it, they returned back, dread-
ing the return of the offended Indians, as well becaufe
they were fo far from affiftance, as becaufe they were be-
coming weary.

** Already were they coming acrofs 'the valley, when at the
found of drums, made of hollow wood, and loud fliouts,
which ftruck the moft daring breaft with dread, they attacked
our people ; who, feeing the danger they were in, with all
expedition pafTed down the fide of the hill, crofling the val-
ley, till getting up to the top, where they halted, on account
of their wearinefs, and the cargo they brought, waiting
courageoufly the determination of the Indians, who being
pofted near them, let fly a thick fliower of arrows, with
loud fliouts and noife j but providentially none of our people
were hurt. The attacked returned it with a volley of balls,
whereon they not only retreated, but many fled wounded * j
returning, however, to purfue our people down the hill to
the ftrand, obliging them frequently to repeat their fire to
make them retreat and keep back : and although this was to
effed, it did not make them defift, but made them climb
up the fteep precipices, where they knew the paths led

»39
1606.

* Conque no folo los retiraron ; pero huieron muchos herido».

T 2 <* down,

140

\6o6.

((

<(
ii
*t
*t
((
(<
«(
((
«(
<(
((
(I
«
((

It
<(
<<

«
<<
((
<(
<<
(<
((
<(
<(

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJIROS*

down, from whence they rolled down great ftones, wound-
ing Juan OcHOADB BiLBOA in One hand and one arm.
** In this manner our few, but valiant Spaniards, reached the
fea fliore, without any one having been induced by the
danger to forego his prize. But in the mean while that
they were defcending the hill, the capitana difcharged two
pieces, which had no fmall effeik in difmaying the Indians.
But rage and valour compelled them to a contempt of death.
When they got to the ftiore the Indians left off the purfuit,
and fled, as they could not efFedt their purpofe on the beach,
whither they had come down in the purfuit, as they found
here not only thofe they had purfued, but alfo thofe who
had remained as a guard, and others who had come afliore to
their affiftance j all whom they found together, and were
obliged to retire by their firing. Our people hereupon em-
barked, chearful and well fatisfied with that day's fuccefs.
Thus they paffed till leaving the bay.

" The entrance of the bay lies N. and S. and the coaft on
the eaft fide ftretches 1 2 leagues in length to the termination
of it. The mouth is full eight leagues, and by the coaft on
the weft fide 15 leagues.

** They failed, but were obliged to return to port, having
fcarce any body to furl the fails ; for two nights before, the
boats having gone on a party of pleafure to fifti with hook at
fome rocks, as the various days they continued at anchor,
they had fiflied with net, and catched great plenty of different
kinds of excellent fifh j it happened, that amongft fome par-
gos, bringing fome which had eaten poifouous plants, all parts
of the flefh became empoifoned ; and they were reduced to
the greateft extremity, and in great danger of their life,
and all the foldiers expeding to die. Nothing was to be
heard but lamentations and fupplications in favour of their

** fouls.

«
ft
<<
<(
<(
«

((

((
((

<(
«
tt

«
«(
<<
««
((
(«
(<
<(
«(
<«
<(

fouls, fince there was none for their bodies. The fhips ap-
peared like the hofpital of a city which had the plague,
there was none who could ftand on their feet ; but by God's
afliftance, which never fails thofe who truft in h\m, and la-
bour for the honour of his name, it luckily happened that
the force of the poifon abated ; the diligence and care of
Alonso Sanchez de Aranda, phylician to the armada,
was of no fmall afliftance on this occafion ; for although he
was touched with the malady, he had the leaft of it, for in-
cefTantly, day and night, he adminiftered draughts, and being,
aflifted by the furgeon of the almiranta, Diego de Ribera,.
all wpre recovered ; they returned to port, where they conti-
nued till the 5th of June, not omitting to make fome in-
curfions inland, carrying the Indian boys with them, in
hopes that they might be the inftruments of a peace ; but not.
fucceeding, they fet fail, defirous of difcovering the lands to
windward, to found the other cities in honour of his Majefty,
as had been done in this bay, where they founded one named
New Jerusalem, to which were named alcades, regidores,.
royal officers, and other minifters of jufti:e.
** They failed from this port, and immediately they met
fo ftrong and contrary a wind, that confidering its violence
and the great fea made them pitch forecalile in, they
were obliged to ufe their endeavours to get back to port.
The zabra and almiranta got in, anchoring in another place,,
farther off than where they firft anchored, for their greater
fecurity. The whole fquadron having turned to windward
for two days in the bay with great hazard j and the third at
night having made a better and longer board, the two an-
chored ; but the capitana, the wind encreaiing with great
violence, endeavoured to anchor, but could not find a place
for this purpofe on either fide -, they pafled the night in great
8 ** danger.

141

1606,

\
1

I'll

} m

14^

i6o6.

<•
((
((
((
((
et
t(
tt

t€
ft
t(
<<
((
((
*(
tt
tt
tt
tt
(4
((
tt

tl
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
*t

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJU I R O S '

danger, for it was very obfcure, and the wind on fliore. For
thefe, and other reafons, they were at length obliged to
veer, and ftand out in qucft of the mouth of the bay, where,
flriking their topmafts, they remained the reft; of the night,
till next day, to fee if they could fetch the port, but it was
impoflible notwithftanding their utmoft endeavours ; till at
length the violence of the wind drove them from the en-
trance, till they were a great way to leeward, where they
pafTed three days, lofing more ground.
' The captain feeing it was impoflible to fetch the port, as
thefe winds conftantly prevail till April, when the w^y^^r/i' winds
fet in, he agreed with the opinion of the pilots topurfue their
route into lo \ deg. to feek the ifland of St. Cruz, where he
had ordered the fhips to rendezvous, if they were feparated
from the capitana. They made fail, but could bear very
little, on account of the violence of the wind, till they got
into the before- mentioned latitude, difcovering a fail, to
which they gave chace j but knowing it to be an embarka-
tion of the Indians of thefe iflands, they left it, and being in
10 Tdeg. they did not difcover the land they expeded, but
were conftantly going more to leeward with great concern, as
they found they were fallen to leeward of the land, on ac-
count of the ground they loft beating at the entrance of the

bay.

*' The captain feeing the impoffibility to reach it, or to re-
turn back, and the navigation being long, and their provifions
fcanty, he determined to take the opinions of every body,
what could be done, to go on towards China, or proceed to
New-Spain, fince Providence had permitted them to be
feparated from their companions. All who were capable,
gave their opinions, judging, from evident reafons, that it
was moft eligible to purfue the route to New-Spain. He

** took

((

€t

" took thefe opinions in writing, figned by the perfons who
gave them i and with heavy heart at their ill fuccefs, made
** fail for New Spain, a very different track from what was in
** view.

*• They met with much contrary winds an3 calms, and as
*' well here as before, fuffered much from the want of water.
On the 3d 0(ftober they difcovered the coaft of New-Spain,
having before fetn many figns of it, as are Ceen generally by
** thofe who go thither from China. Having been from bear-
" ing away * to fight of it 3 months, 8 days. They failed in
«* fight of it fourteen days, in great diftrefs for provifions and
** water, and much incommoded by calms and the heat.

** They continued along fhorc, and after a violent ftorm they
flood in {hore for the port of Nativity, which they pafTed,
intending to Calagua, which is four leagues farther on,
** but returned, the wind being favourable, where they conti-
" nued refreftiing, waiting an opportunity to proceed to Aca-
«« puLCo, having buried the Padre Comifario, the day before
" they entered the Port of Nativity." — Here ends Tor(^e-
M Ada's relation.

Juan Louis Arias, in his memorial, relates fome particu-
lars of this voyage omitted by Torquemada : he fays, ** Qui-
Ros, after having difcovered in the voyage many fmall iflands
and others of good fize, arrived at that of Taumaco, of 8 or
•* 9 leagues in circumference, in 10 deg. S. lat. about 1700
** leagues from Lima, which is about 80 leagues to the eaft-
** ward of the ifland Sta. Cruz; the cazique, or chief of
Taumaco, having affirmed, in the bell manner he could,
«* that if they were in queft of the* Great Continent, it
was much more probably to be found by going to the fouth.

((

'43

1606.

! ♦

"•t.i

• Avicnda eflado defdc que fe derrotaran hafta verla 3 min. 8 deg.

((

than

144

)6o6.

«
it
tt

€€
€t
*t
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

tt
tt
■tt

<«

((
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
ft

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJIROS"

than to the Sta. Cruz ifland, for to the fouth were coun<
tries very fertile and populous, and of great depth, extend-
ing due fouth.

Wherefore Quiros defifted from going to fettle the Sta.
Cruz ifland, and flood to the fouthward, a little inclining
to the S. W. difcovering many iflands of good fize, others
fmall, very populous, and of a very agreeable profpe<a, till in
15 deg. 20 min. he difcovered the land of the bay of St.
Philip and St. James, which, on that fide they fawof it,
which flretches from eafl to wefl, appeared to be above 100
leagues in diflance : it is a country very populous ; and al-
though the natives be of brown complexions, they are very
civilized. It is well wooded, and has fo delightful a climate,
that it feemed like a paradife, the air being fo wholfome,
that in a few days all the fick recovered.
" It is a country very fertile of many kinds of delicious fruits,
and of animals and birds of various kinds j and the bay not
lefs abundant of fifh of very good tafle, of all the kinds found
on the coaf): of Spain on the ocean.

** The Indians, inflead of bread, eat a root of the fhape of
a potatoe> roafled and boiled, which the Spaniards found
more agreeable to the Aomach, and aflfording more fufle-
nance than bifcuit.

** Leaving in this bay the almiranta and zabra, Quiros, for
certain reafons, which ought to be very flrong, though hi-
therto they are not known to an abfolute certainty, went in
the capitana to New-Spain, from whence he came once
more to this court, to renew his application to fettle that
country j was fent back to Peru, and died at Panama, in
his return to Lima."

MEMO-

MEMORIAL

PRESENTED TO

PHILIP IL OF SPAIN,

« .

Publiihed at Seville, and inferted in Pit r c h a s,

Vol. IV. P. 1427.

TH E Captain Pedro F£Rnani>e^ de Qviros.-^I have
informed your Majefty, that in xhtfoutherft parts lies hid a
quarter of the globe ; and that the difcovery I have made thercia
is of 23 iflands, whofe names are, La Encarnacion, St. Juan
Bautista, SanTelmo, Los 4 Coronadas, St. Miguel
Archangel, La Conversion de St. Paulo, La Dezena,
La Sagitaria, La Fugitiva, La del Pereorino, Na.
Sena. del Socorro, Monterey, Tucopia, St. Marcos, El
Vergel, Las Lagrimas de St. Pedro, Los Portalesde Be-
len. El Pilar de Zaragoza, St. Raymunda, and La Isla
DE la Virgin Maria, and adjoining to it the three parts of the
country, called Australia del Espiritu Santo ; in which
land was found i\icbay of St. Philip and St. Jago, and^or/of
Vera Cruz, where we continued at anchor with the three fliips
thirty- fix days. It is conceived that all thefe three are one large
country, and its high double mountains, and that river Jordan,
by its greatnefs, feems to affure that it is * j as of all more at large
is evident by an itiformat ion which. I made at Mexico, with ten
witndles of thofe who were along with mc, to which 1 refer.

* Parece que ofleguran la de la tieira.

Let

> >.

"Mi

' !'j;a

1^6 MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO

Let your Majefty give orders that it be looked at, and that a
committee be. appoijited of mathematicians, pilots, and perfons
converfant in the fubjedt *, fince, at prefent, fome very diftin-
guifhed are in this court, and the fubjedt deferves it, and it is
of the utmoft importance to your Majefty. It is to be obferved,
that I would have given this information^ with all thofe who
were returned from the voyage, if my offer for this purpofe had
hfien accepted, and afliftance given me, as far as was in my
power, if I am not called on to perform impoflibilities, though,
it feems they are expciSted from me -f-..

I farther fay. Sir,, that in an ifland called Taumaco, which is
reckoned 1250 leagues diAant from Mexico, we continued at;
anchor ten days y and that the Lord of that ifland, whofe namQ
is TAMAy,.a fenfible man, well made, of a good prefence, and in
complexion fomewhat brown J, with beautiful eyes, fharp nofe,
beard and hair long and curled^ and in his manner grave, afllflecl
us with his people,, and embarkations, to get wood and water,
of which we wire then ia great want.. ,

This perfon came on board the fliip to fee me, and in, it I ex-
amined him in the following manner :.

Firfl,. I fhewed him his ifland and the fea, and our fhips and
pjBople, and pointed to all parts of the horizon> and made other
certain figns ; and by them afked him, if he had feen. fhips and
men like ours ? and to this he replied no..

I afked him, if he knew of other lands far or near, inhabited;
or uninhabited ? and as foon as he underftood me, he named
above fixty iflands, and- a large country, which he called Manx -«
COLO : I,. Sir, wrote down all, having before me the compafs, tq
know, in what diredtipn each lay, which were found to be. from

• Perfonas platicas.

t O fuera ayudailo, yo pudiera, que no meobligue a impoiEbles, y me vee
obligado a ellos.
X Algpmoseuot

PHILIP II. OF SPAIN.

his iiland to the S. E, S. S. E, W. * and N. E. f , and to explain
which were fmall, he made fmall circles, and pointed to the fca
with his finger, and made fignithat it furrounded the land; and
for the larger, he made large circles, and the fame figns : and for
that large country he opened both his arms, without joining
them again, fliewing that it extended without end ^ i and to
make known which were the diftant, or were nearer, he point-
ed to the fun from E. to W. reclined the head on one hand,
fliut his eyes, and counted by his fingers, the nights which they
flept on the way; and by figns (hewed which people were Whites,
Negroes, Indians, and Mulattoes, and which were mixed §, and
which were friends and enemies ; and that in fome iflands they
eat human flefii, and for this he made figns of biting his arm,
{hewing clearly that he hated this people |I ; and in this,
and by means of other figns, what he faid was underftood,
and it was repeated fo often that he feemed to be tired ; and
pointing with his hand ta S. S. E. and other points, gave them
fully to underftand what other lands there were. He fliewed a
defire of returning to his houfe, I gave him things that he
could carry ; and he took leave, faluting me on the cheek, with
other marks of afi^edtion.

Next day I went to his town, and to be the better confirmed ^
of what TuMAY declared, I carried with me many Indians to
the (hore, and having the paper in my hand, and the corapafs
before me, aiked all of them many times about the lands, of
which TuMAY gave the names j and in every thing all of them
agreed, and gave intimation of others inhabited, all of peo-
ple of the colours before-mentioned, and alfo of that great
country, wherein, by proper figns, they faid that there were

• O efte. t Quere, if it fliould not be N. W. iufteaU of N. E.

X Moilrando que profeguia. § Mezelados.

Querer mal a efta gente.

IT Enterarme.

U 2

COWS

143 MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO

cows or buffaloes, and to make it undcrftood that thcro were
dogs, they barked j and for cocks and hens they crowed, and
for hogs grunted ; and thus, i» this manner, they told what
they wanted, and replied to whatever they were aflccd j and bc-
Caufe tliey were fhewed pearls in the taflel of a rofario, they
intimated that they had fuch. All thefe queftions and enqui-
ries others of my companions made this day, and other times,
of thefe and other Indians, and they always faid the fame, from
whence it appeared they were people who fpeak truth.

When I failed from this ifland of Taumaco, I made them
feize four very likely Indians *, three of them fwam away, and
the one who remained, and was afterwards name Pedro, declared
at AcAPULCo, in the voyage, and in the city of Mexico (where
he died) in prefence of the Marquis de Montes Claros, what
follows, without ever varying, although he was afked, at vari-
ous times, and by many perfons» and in diflferent manner, and
although they denied and contradicted his fayings.

Firft, Pedro faid, he was a native of an ifland named Chi~
CAY ana, larger than that of Taumaco, where we found him^
and that, from one to the other is four days fail of their veflels,
and that Chicayana is low -f land, very abundant in the fruit
above referred to, and that the natives of it are of his good Indi<
an colour, long loofe hair, and they pundtuate themfelves, as
he was, a little in the face, arms, and bread ; and that tliere are
alfo white people, who have their hair red^ and very long j and
that there are mulattoesy whofe hair is not curled^ nor quite
Jlreight j and that he was a weaver and a foldier- archer, and
that in his tongue, he was called Luca, his wifeLAYNA, and
his fon Lky.

He further faid, that in his ifland are many oyftcrs,. fuch as
I have feen the fhells of, and brought fome, which are here of
three fizes: the firft i% the ^-fjwwow of Margarita; th^fecond

• Gallardos. t Rafa.

2 is

PHILIP II. OF SPAIN.

is twice as big, and the third of a palm, more or Ids in dia-
meter, and all thcfe oyftcrs they call totoj'c^ and that in them
they find pearls, which they cd\\ futiquil^uil -, whereupon, I
fliewed him the (hells, and he took them in his hands, and
pointed out the parts where the pearls grow ; and being aflccd
how many there were, and how large, he laid, that in fomc were
found more, in others lefs, and to explain the fize faid, that they
were like fand, and like fait, and like fmall (loncs, and like
beads of a rofario— and like buttons, fuch as they wear on a
waiftcoat, and others larger, and that they filh them in Icfs than
half a fathom water, rocks and fand, and that the creeks are
very large, and have fhallow water; and that he himfelf, even
without diving, took them by hand, and put them in his canoa,
and that they only fought them to eat the flelh, which they call
canojet and that the (hells ferve them to make hooks, fpoons,
and other thiiigs, and that the pearls are of no ufe to them. He
further faid, ihat there is in this fame ifland of Chicayana,
another kind of oyl) crs, which they call taquila, and to explain
their fize, he insde the fign of the fize of a large * target : and
as it appeared to me incredible the great quantity -|- he menti-
oned of all kinds of pearls, and the fize of thefe taquilas, I
afked him if they grew on the cocos, or in the trees, or in the
rocks, or in che earth, or on tiie outfide of the fliells : he re-
plied they did not find them but at the bottom of the fea, and
within them the pearls j and that the oyfters, fome were laid
on all fides, and others on edge, and open above, and that if in
any of thcfe oyfters the hand enters, that it fliuts, and prefently,
he faid, there is no band |i and for this reafon they take them

* Buena rodeb. i Mucha c.mtidad.

X Thcfc t;iq>uilns are obvi ouiiy the hrge aciles, as they arc cal'ed- by navigators.
Ihavemyfclf taken one of til!.; kind, which was 2 feet 8 inches lonj; ; thefiicllsare
now in lini»land •, and it is f-nni I'uch flieil-nfli that tlic hirgoft pearls arc taken. Vide
paper about the Soclno pe.Tl hihcry. 'Hie pearl oyflers lye flat on the bottohiof the
fea, but thefe taquilas ftand on tln-ir edge, as I have fcen a hundred times. Tliat one

witk

'49

V,'

150 TNI E M O R I A L PRESENTED t O

'Ovlth fticks, and with noofcs of rop: ; and that they have hirge
and good flefli, which they eat ; and do riot make account of
the pearls, and that whenever he wanted them, he fiflied
them up, and carried them to his houfe. And as in the
other voyage, I myfelf faw the Indians of Sta. Cruz, bring
hanging at their necks many plates* » large and fmall, all of
mother of-pearl, I imagined Pedro might mean the fame as
thefe platest and for this reafon I made little account of this
faying. But perceiving that he was fometimes angry, and at
other times with the utmoft ftfenuoufnefs laboured to make
himfcif underftood, for this reafon I ihewed him a pebble, black
and round, of the fize of an early plumb, and afked him if ia
his country they had pearls fuch as that ? He replied no j for
that pebble was black, aiid the pearls w.h|te as paper j and that
when they looked at them to the- fucL the dazzling light ftruck
4heir eyes, and thus did he with thecQ. as if they were prefent.

And heing afked if they were as li;rge as the pebble above-
mentioned ; he replied others were very fmall as the pebble,
and then joined the top of his thumb to the top of his fore- finger
in form of a circle, and there, with the finger of the other hand,
made figns of larger and lefs pearl, and that in each oyfter there
was but one j and withal fearing what he faid was of the plates,
as I had fufpe<a:ed, I afked him if they were flat or round, or of
other figures : he did not underfland this expreflion. I then made
as if I was going to roll the pebble on the ground; as foon as he
faw this, he faid with fignificant geflures-f*, that when they threw
them on the ground they would roll along, giving me plainly to
underfland, that the pearls were round, of the fizes referred to ;
and that his fon wore one at his neck, and that he himfelf drilled

■above-mentioned, after we had brought it aboard, fnapped a Aick into two parts, by
dofing its (hell on it.

* Fatenas. f Dizo con gran demoflracian,

PHILIP II. OF SPAIN.

it with a (lone, white and (harp; and that the depth in which they
get them is about two fathoms, more or lefs, and that in their
fhells they feed their hogs. I artced him if the large (hells had the
iame luftre a& the common ones, which I (hewed him. He re-
plied yes. All thefe, and many other queftions I a(ked in dif-
ferent ways * } and how, in his country, they called mufquets^
and others of our things. He faid, they had none, andalway^
replied in fuch a manner, as gave no room for fufpicionj and
only named, with great fteadinefs, thofe things which they
have. I affirm- for truth, that I did not intend to write the
fize, nor the great number* which he mentioned to be of al^
kinds of pearls, fgr it feed^^dto me a thing never heard ofj but-
confidering that nafUrf is powerful to produce, as has been feen,
large pearls, and of theaCOQunon ones fo great a quantity in the
Rio de la Hacha, M^fRGARiTA, and Gubagua, and as I
was fo pofitive in enquiri;$g into this report^ it appeared to me-
that I ought to mentio;i what the Indian told me fo often, and to-
So many other perfons who examined him with no lefs care ;,
and, in (hort, I have taken the pains -|- and write as a man wha
am to die and know not when.

He farther faid, that from theiflandof TAumacoj at three days
fail, and at two from Chicayana, there is another ifland, larger
than the two above-mentioned, which is called Guaytopo, in-
habited by people as white as ours are in common, and that even :{:
(bme of the men have red hair, more or lefs, and alfo black ; and
that they alfo pundtuate their bellies, and at the navel all in a
circle § ; and that all the three iflands are friendly people, and of
one language, and that they ufe to falute on the cheeks ||, and that
theytookitas align of enmity when they turn. their faces away f j

• Trocadas. f Haga dilegencias.

X Y que hafta los hombres ticnen rubios loscabellos masy menos y tambiennegros..

§( Todo en riieda. || Darfe la paz, f Huyen lo& roftros.

audi

ISir-

^ ,|ip!

\^:i

"I
(■■* ■

^52 MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO

and that in this iiland there are many oyftersjof the three fmaller
kinds, in large creeks of the fame depth as in Chic ay an a,
and that they have many pearls : and being ailced if he had been
there, he faid no j I then returned to afk, how he knew what he
had told, and he gave me the following relation : That from that
ifland a large (hip of theirs, with more than fifty perfons, failed
to another inhabited ifland, named Mecayrayla, to feek tor-
toife-ihell, of which they ufe to make ear-rings and other toys,
whichtheyhang from their ears; that being in fight of it, they met
a contrary wind, which obliged them to buik for their ifland, and
when near it, the wind again became contrary, and that going
backwards and forwards they fpent all their provifions, for want
whereof forty perfons died of hunger and thirft; and that he was
in the ifland of Taumaco when this fliip arrived there with only
feven men* very white, except one, who was brown *> and with
three women, white and beautiful as Spanifli, who had their hair
red and very long, and that all three came covered from head to
foot, with a kind of veil, blue or black, and very fine, to
which they give the name oi foafoa-y and that of all thefe ten
perfons only remained alive the Indian Clan, whom our peo-
ple, when they faw him in Taumaco, fo white and fo red,
named the Fleming, as before-mentioned ; and that this In-
dian Olan, and others, related to him what he had faid of that
ifland Guaytopo. And that he alfo faw come to his ifland,
Chicayana, another fhip of theirs, of two hulh^y full of peo-
ple, white and beautiful, and with many very handfome girls,
and, counting on his fingers by ten and ten, he intimated that
they were in all 110 perfons.

He further faid, that from another ifland, called Tucopia,
which is where the two Indians fvvam away, at five days of
their failing is that great country Manicolo, inhabited by

* Moreno. f Navio ds dos vafos.

many

PHILIP -II. OF SPAIN.

many people, dun-coloured, and mulattoes, in large towns;
and to explain their fize, he pointed out Acaplulco, and
others larger : and on this I afked him if there were towns as
large as Mexico ? he replied no, but many people, and that
they were his friends, and did not eat human flefli, nor could
their languages be underftood ; and that it is a country of very
high mountains, and large rivers, and that fomc of them they
could not ford, and only could pafs in canoes ; and that to go
from the ifland of Tucopia to that country, when the fun
rifes, they keep it on the left hand, which muft be from S.
towards S. E.

I muft add, that if this is as he fays, it agrees well with the
chain of mountains feen running to the wejiwardt as is menti-
©ned in its place, when we were driving about.

Pedro much extolled the magnitude, populoufnefs, fertility,
and other things of this country ; and that he and other Indians
went to it in one of their embarkations, in queft of the trunk
of a large tree of the many which are in it, to make a piragua,
and that he faw there a port, and intimated it was larger,
and the entrance narrower, than that of the bay of St. Philip
and St. Jago ; and that he obferved the bottom was fand, and
the fliore (hingle, as the other I have defcribed ; and that it has
within four rivers and many people, and that along the coaft of
that country they went to the weftward a greater way than from
AcAPULCo to Mexico, without feeing the end of it, and re-
turned to his ifland.

It is to be obferved, that as I had feen that ifland TucoPiA,
I faid artfully * that I knew there was in it many oyfters and
pearls; and that he faid that there was not, but very deep water;
and that this is truth I declare, for I caufed it to be founded.

J53

!:;'

♦ Adrede.

lie

154 MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO

He further faid, that three days fail from Taumaco, and at
two with a freih wind, there is another ifland called Fonofono,
divided into many iflands, fmall and fiat ; and on this account
I faid, with a defign to enfnare him, that there were in them
large rivers j fmce there cannot be large rivers in fmall and low
iflands. He faid no, only wells, and that all were very fertile,
and very fully inhabited by a dun-coloured people, Indians and
mulattoes, very tall in Mature, and fo much, that although he
was fomething taller than me, he fliewed as high upon a wall as
he could reach with his fingers, extending his arm and hand, and
faid, that was their height, and that they were his friends, but
had not the fame language ; and that in thefe iflands are great
creeks, of little and of much depth, with beds of many oyflers,
and that he himfelf had taken them to eat, and that they had
pearls of fuch fizes as above-mentioned, except the taquilas i.
and that there is a very good port there.

And he alfo faid, that near thefe iflands there is another^
called PiLEN, and another Nupan *, and that they have the fame
provifions, people, and pearls -, and of fuch as he had heard of,
and not feen, he gave names to many other iflands, and of all
he faid the above.

It is to be obferved, that in all the Indies, only in Marga-
rita, and the Rio de la Hacha, they have got, and doget„
the multitude of pearls as is known ', not to mention the few
indifferent ones found at Panama : and I mufl ohferve, that if it
is as above related, that great numbers may be expected from
the places here intimated, as well becaufe the places are many, as.
on account of the largenefs of the feas, which he fays, have little
depth J and further, it is to be obferved, that he only fpeak&
©f the oyflers which the eye can reach, and only take up with

* lu margin Pupam.

hand»

•s

P H I L I P II. O F S P A I N.

hand, without diving, not comprehending 2, 4, 8, and more
fathoms as they fifli in at Margarita.

In Mexico I carried Pedro twice to the houfe of a driller of
pearls, and at my requeft he ihewed to him all the common
kinds^ as foon as he faw them, he was vaflly pleafed, and faid, with
great adtion and extacy, that in his country are many pearls, and
whiter than thefe. He alfo fhewed him fome ragged, or flat
on one fide, large and rotten j he fliook his head *, and faid,
that they were not good, and that in his county were better.

The alcalde mayor, of the port of Acapulco (Don Pedro

Florez) made a more ftridl enquiry, for he (hewed him a chain

of many firings of pearls, and afked him if they had in his

country fuch chains ; he replied no : then he took from thence

ibme pearls, aiid (hewed them to him in his hand, and alked

him if they had fuch as that j he replied yes, but that they

were not bored ; and, as may be fuppofed, from the want

of drills and borers they make no ufe of the pearls, but of the

(hells, as well becaufe they are larger, and of the fame luftre,

as being eafier bored.

He faid further, that in Taumaco there is an Indian, a

great pilot, and that he knew the names of many countries
wherein he had been many times; and that from a large
country, which is named PouRo, very populous, whofe inhabi-
tants are dun-complexioned, and Indians, fome friends, and
others very warlike, and at enmity among themfelves. He
brought to his ifland of Taumaco, a loorey -j- with a red bread:
and neck, and certain arrows with points, in form of a knife,
and that thefe he himfelf had feen and handled them, and
intimated, that they wanted to kill with them more eafilyj and
on this I (hewed him a knife, and he faid it was black, in com-
parifon of the points. I (liewed him a cup of filver, and he faid.

• Hizo mal gefto.

t Papagaya.

^SS

th*

1,56

MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO

the points were as white as it. I often contradi<fted this afler-
tion, and he always the more affirmed it.

It is to be obferved, that in the bay of St. Philip and St.
J AGO were found in one houfe many ftones, black and heavy,
and that by chance they brought me two pieces, each as big as a
nut, and that in the city of Mexico, one Don Francisco Pa-
CHOco, proprietor of mines, and one Diego Gomez de Mo-
lina, faw them in my lodging, and the one of them they (hewed
me full of eyes of filver, and for this reafon we carried it im-
mediately to the houfe of an afiayer, who put it in* a crucible,
and for his reafons gave it fo much fire, that the crucible broke^
and thus nothing was feen ; yet the other part remaining with
me, the affayer melted it again, and in it was Cdbn a fmaU point,
which expanded under the hammer. He {M'efently touched tt
on three (lones, and fix iilver-fmiths faid it was filver touch ;
and for greater certainty they touched lead and tin, and other
known filver clofe to it, though there were fome who faid, that
the affay fhould have been made with quickfilver, and others
with falt-petre, and certain things; and the affayer affirmed that
the metal was good, and here he touched the fmall point, and
two filverfmiths faid that it is filver.

Thefe flones having been fliewn to Pedro, as foon as he faw
them he faid, that in the mountains of Taumaco are many of
them, and that they are called treaque, and that they are alfo in
that large country Manicolo, and that all the Indians want
them, fome to punduate themfelves, others to deck themfelves *
with them.

And Paul faid the fame of his country, which is the bay of
St. Philip and St. J ago, from whence they were brought,
and miners fay where are finuixesj there are metals, and that
by the inuixes they difcovered the mines of filver and gold, of

* Inuiexarfe.

St.

PHILIP li. O F S P A I N.

St. Louis in New Spain, and thofe of qiiickfilver of GuAn-
CAVELiCA in Peru : and it is to be obferved, that Pedro fliying
he had feen arrows with points of filver, it appears on account
of the little which was found in the little metal brought merely
by chance, and from the difpofition of the country, and its
fituation in the parallel of Peru, we are obliged to believe that
it may be fo as he relates. '- • ,r: •

Itis further to be obferved, that Pedro, afterhe was abteta ex-
plain himfelf in our language, agreed with every thing the natives
of TAUMACofaid, and this as well concerning the large country*
as concerning the many iflands and many nations, fomelufty,with
bodies punduated, and others without being fo *, of various co-
lours, long hair, red, black, curled, woolly-headed, of which
they werepeopkdi and alfo in the great plenty of provilions of
the fame kind which they all have ; and alfo it is to be obferved,
that all the above-mentioned we have feen this time, and that the
country where we continued at anchor, appears to be the fame
which ftretches on, and of the greatnefc which they report. Id
ihort, I muft fay grounded on ftrong reafons, that thefe nations
are there by vicinity* and continuation to other countries, more
to the S, E, and W. and if there is no miracle, that in that
hidden quarter of the globe, there are very large, great,, and
extenfive provinces, all of them full of many and various
people "f.

It is to be obferved, that the firft time the adelentado Al-
vARo DE Mend AN A went and difcovered the iflands which he

^57

* Labradas y por labrar, varios colores, &c.

+ A fiima digo, fundada en razones fuertes que aquelks gentes eftan alH por
vezindad y continuacien en otras tierras mas al Sur Lefte y Oefte, y que fi r.oay nu-
lagro que en aquella oculta quarta de globo,^ eftey maygrandes y muy eftcndiUas
provinciu'', llenas todas de mucbas y muy varias gentes, y queen todos generos aura
ventaia, quanto mas fueren futjiendo de quinze grades arriba, y por venderfe tan
caro, fe dcu efperar meiora en todo la apunta Jo»

called.

h tr

ijS MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO

called of Salomon, he found in them, and brought a quan-
tity of pearls, roafted in the fire, for the Indians only eat the
fle/li, roafting the oyfters i and that the fecond voyage which
the faid adelentado made, he difcovered the ifland St. Cruz,
where he died j and that in it I myfelf faw many fliells, and
the many plates of mother-of-pearl referred to. And that
from an ifland adjoining was brought a boy, who was called
MiGUELiLLOj and that after he knew our language, he gave an
account, that in his country were many pearls, with great
proofs of its being fo. Alfo it is to be obferved that in this voyage
we faw in three iflands mother-of-pearl fhells of the three fizes,
and in one of them dry oyfters, wherein were found fome fmall
pearls. So that joining what Pedro told, to what has been
feen, there are fifteen iflands, of which there is an account of
their having pearls j and from the fight of their fhells, it may,
and ought to be hoped, and alfo from its low latitude, fo proper
to produce them. In regard to the great Taquilas, let it be
left to time to determine, only obferving, that if fince Pedro
faid there were large pearls, he alfo faid there were large fliells
capable of them.

Pedro further faid, that they called the Devil Terua, and
that he talked with the Indians from a piece of wood, without
being feen, and that to himfelf, and to all of them at night,
and many times he would touch their cheeks and breaft with
fomething very cold -, and that wanting to know what it was,
they would findnothing; and this he faid with great refervednefs*
and fear, giving clearly to underfland, it was a bad thing,
and amongft them very horrible ; and alfo told others, though
not to me, that before we were at his country, the devil had
faid to them, that we were going to kill them.

Moftraniio cicrto recato.

PHILIP II. OF SPAIN. :^

He (hewed great defire to return to his country, to tell the
Lord of Taumaco all the good we had done to him } and that
the other Indians, his companions, had thrown themfelves
out of the fliip to fwim, and that we had done them no
harm. ' ' • '»' ' i "

And alfo further, to fay to all his fellow countrymen, what
a good thing it was to be a Chriftian ; and that to him, after he
was, the devil never fpoke, nor had he heard him, nor felt
him at night j and to bring his fon, and come and live with us.

And alfo faid, that in his ifland of Chicayana are dogs>
large as ours, and thaf they called them Ticuri ; and that there
are many fowls, like thofe of Europe, but that they do not eat
them} and fruit, which he faid were apples when he faw
them, and much ginger, and that at one time it is pretty cold»
notwithftanding its low latitude. '^ ''

He further faid, that they hang thofe who kill men; and
that our horfes are good to ride upon, but not to be ferved by
men. ''•'' '■ ^'^' .Nia>'--

Pedro to appearance was twenty-five years of age, and at the
time he gave the delaration above, he knew but little Spanifli,
and on this account it coft me much trouble, for he was contra-
dided, and obliged to repeat it many times ; and it appears, if
he had lived, he would have given a much better than he has
given, but I believe what he has faid is more worthy of credit,
than it would had been, had he arrived to have been expert*
from whence I, and all, from what we faw of his behaviour*
took him for a man of truth and bafhfulnefs.

One day he entered the church of St. Francisco de Mexi-
co, and feeing there many crucifixes, he afked, how they had
there fo many gods, if they told him there was none but one
God ? He was anfwered, they were all the reprefentations of
the true Christ,^ and with this, and what elfe was told him, he

2 appeared

J 59

l6o MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO

appeared iatisfied ; and the friers who heard him were much
pleafed, as it was the qucdion of a man who knew how to ex*
amine things. At laft, on Pahn Sunday, he died.

The other Indian was named Paul, he was a boy of eight
years of age, of a dark colour, curled hair, he had very beautiful
eyes, fine fliape, and better natured, infomuch, that every one
was very fond of him, as he was lb docile, and good-huaioured.
He gave account of the demon, and that he was called Hada-
NUA, and how he talked with the Indians without being feen.
And alfo he gave an account of large and fmall dogs, and of an
animal like a cat, and of a large river near his town. That in
his country there are many virarlike people, enemies to each
other, and that they do not eat human Hefh ; and this ought to
be believed, for the plenty of hogs, fowls, and other provifions :
for eating human fiefh amongft other people, appears to proceed
from the barrennefs of their countries, or the beftiality of the
inhabitants; and becaufe he was a boy very, weak and fickly,
I could not learn fo much as I wiflied. I ha^^e a fmall Vocabu-
lary, which is what I could pick up of the languages of Pcdro
and Paul ; what I muft fay is, it is very pronouncable.

By all that is above-mentioned it appears clearly, that ther<5
are only two large portions of the earth fevered from t/iis of
Europe, Africa and Asia. The ^r^ is America, which
Christoval Colon difcovered; the fecond and laji of the
world is that which I have feen, and folicit to people, and
completely to difcover for your Majefty. This great objed
ought to be embraced, as well for what it promifes for the fer-
vice of God, as that it will give a beginning to fo great a work,
and to (o many and fo eminent benefits, that no other of its
tind can be more, nor fo much at prefent, nor heretofore, as
I can fliew, if I may be heard and queftioned.

And

PHILIP II. OF SPAIN.

And herewith you. Sir, muft remain well informed of how
much value this adt is ; and what rewards will be beflowed by
God, for having (with fomuch love and ardour) undertaken it;
and how much higher degrees of glory your Majefty will ac-
quire, if an end is put to this work of fo much piety and phi-,
lanthropy, and fo worthy to be preferved in the memory of
the nations: confidering that it will not be attended with fo
much expence of money or men, nor vuth that carnage, defo-
lation, and fcandal, which commonly happen in fupporting the
rights of very fmall ftates ; iince to place it under the royal pro-
tection entirely by means very gentle and juft, it is only requi-
fite for me to (hew fo great a part of the whole inhabited earth,
plant in it fuch things, which, I hope in God, will be moftly
very fweet, very rich, and very permanent : and for recompence
1 only defire fo much as it deferves ; that your Majefty will be
perfuaded of the importance of the matter, and what is requi-
fite I intreat ; apd in every thing I fpeak truth, and that there
is a fpirit to fell all the paft, prefent, and to come for a priccw
« With this, Sir, I conclude ♦.

* Sino poner debazo de la proteccion real con medios todos muy fuavet y juftifi«
cados, quanto los puedo moftrar una tan gran parte de toda la tierra poblada, para en
eUa fembrar bienes, y coftello* frutos que yo efpero en Dios ban de fer muchos,
muy dulces, muy ricos, y muy duraderos : y folo quiero pot.paga de tanto quanto
tantovale, que V. M. crca la importancia del oafo, y quanto conviene loque pdo,
y que en todo trato vcrdad, y que es animo dc vender todo lo paflado, prcfente, y
tenidero por un precio, y efte es fenor de vald«b

101

R E L A-

■ y,Lt

• I

RELATION

O F A

. \ r J.ii J "^

■*;a...

MEMORIAL

I..

FRESENTEDi BT

Captain Pedro Fernandez de Quiros
HIS MAJESTY,

About the Settling and Difcovcry of the Fourth Part

of the World, Australia Incognita. Its great

* Riches and Fertility difcovered by the faid Captain.

SIR.

■ : tr^f"

I Captain Pedro Fernandez de Quiros fay. That with
this I have prefented to your Majefty eight Memorials, re-
lative to the fettlement, which ought to be made in the country
which your Majefty commanded to be difcovered in Australia
Incognita, without, to this time, any refolution being taken
with me, nor any reply made me, nor hope given to aflure me,
that I Ihall be difpatched ; having now been fourteen months
in this court, and having been fourteen years engaged in this
caufe, without pay, or any other advantage in view, but the
fuccefs of it alone; wherewith, and through infinite contra-
8 did:ions.

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de Q^UIROS.

didione, I have gone by land and fea 20,000 leagues, Ipcnding
all my eflatc, and incommoding my perfon, lufi'cring lb many,
and fuch tcrriWe things, that even to mylclf they appear incre-
dible i and all this has come to pais, that this work of To much
goodnefs and benevolence * fliould not be abandoned. In whofc
name, and all for the love of God, I moft humbly fupplicatc
your Majefty, that you will be pleafed not to permit, of fo
many and fuch continual labours and watch ings, and of fo noble
and dcteraiinate a pcrfeverance, that I fliould fail to reap thofe
fruits which I fo much defire and folicit, being, as it is, fo much
to the honour ;uul glory of God, and to the fervice of your Ma-
jefty, and produdlive of innumerable benefits, which Ihall lall:
as long as the world fubfifts, and then be eternal.

i.Themagnitude of thefe countries newly difcovcred, is judged
of, by what I faw, and by what Captain Baez [de Torres] my
admiral, informed your Majefty on good grounds : its longitude
is as much as that of all Europe, Asia-Minor, and to the Cas-
pian Sea, and Persia, with all the iftands of the Mediterra-
nean and Ocean, which are in its limits embraced, including
England and Ireland. That unknown part is a quarter of
the whole globe, and fo capacious, that it may contain in it
double the kingdoms and provinces of all thofe your Majefty is
at prefent Lord : and that without adjoining to Turks, or
Moors, or others of the nations which are accuftomed to difquiet
and difturb their neighbours. All the countries feen fall with-
in the torrid zone, and there is part of them which toucheth the
equinodial, whofe latitude -f may, perhaps, be of 90 deg. and
others of fomewhat lefs, and if it comes to pafs as it promifes,
there will be countries, which will be antipodes to the better

163

.'J , :'■' I

, ;'l

■■m

• Piedad y mifericordia— Piety and compaffion.
t Fuede fer, it may be.

Y 2

part

■M'

!
I
1

164 MEMORIAL PRESENTED BY

part of Africa, and all Europe, and the reft of all Asia
Major [and will not be inferior to them ♦.]

It is to be obferved, that fince the countries- which I faw in
15 deg. S. are better than Spain, as prefently will be feen ; that
oppofed to it in latitude, ought to be in itfelf quite a ter-
reftrial paradife. -

The people of thefe countries are many; their colours white,
negroes, mulattoes, Indians, and mixed of one and the other.
The hair of fome is black, long, and lank, the others curled
and woolly, and of others very •{• red and fine, which variety it
an indication of great commerce and intercourfe. For which
reafon, and for the goodnefs of the countries, and becaufe they
have no artillery, or other fire arms for deftrudion j;, and be*
caufe they do not work mines of filver, and for many other rea-
fons, it is to be believed, thefe people are extremely numerous.
They have not the arts, great or fmall, walls or forts, king nor
law, nor are they but the moft fimple gentiles, divided inta
clans §, and are little friends amongft themfelves. Their arms are
lances and darts of wood, [clubs, and bows and arrows without
poifon]. They cover their [obfcene] parts. They are clean,
chearfiil, fenfible, and very grateful, as I have experienced.
For all which it ought to be expedfced, with the affiftance of
Divine Providence, and gentle means, that it will be extremely
cafy to fettle ||, inftrudt, and fktisfy them j which are three
things very neceflary in the beginning, that afterward?} all may-
be led to fuch holy ends.

Their houfes are of wood, covered with palm -leaves j they
ufc earthern pots: have loom« ^, and other nets; they work.

• L?«tin Memorial,,
t Bien^

X Con que matarfe.^
§ FarciaJidades.
' ^ Latin Memorial.
f Trafmallos.

ftones.

ftones

they

well

the n

zels,

fmall,

ifland

PEDRO FERNANDEZde QJJ I R O S.

ftones, marble, flutes, drums, and fpoons of wood varnifhed^
they have oratories and burying places, and plantations very
well laid out in divifions, and palifaded. They benefit much by
the mother-of-pearl ihells, of which they make googes, chi-
2els, formers, faws, hooks, [hatchets *], and plates, large and
fmall, which they hang in firings about their necks. Tlw
iflanders have their embarkations well wrought, and fufFicient
to navigate from one country to another, all which is a
certain indication of their vicinity to people more civilized, and
it is no fmall confirmation of this, that they caflrate their hogs,
and make capons.

3. The bread they have is of three different kinds of roots,
of which there is vafl plenty j and they prepare them without
trouble, nothing more being required, than to roafl and boil
them : they are favoury, wholfome, and nourifhing, and keep
long, and there are fome a yard long, and half that in thick-
nefs. The fruits are many, and very good, plantans of fix kinds,
[almonds four kinds •}•}. Large obos, which is a fruit like
quinces, many nuts of the country J, and oranges and lemons,-
which the Indians do not eat, and another excellent § and large
fruit, and odiers not lefs good, which were fcen and eaten»
with many and very large fugar-eanes, and intimation of apples.
There are palms without number, of which, may hereafter
be had tuba ||, of which is made fpirits, vinegar, honey and
whey % and the palm cabbage is very fine. Thefe fame palms,
the fruit they yield are coconuts ; when green, they ferve in-
flead of artichokes ** ; and the kernel like cream, when ripe,

• Latin Memorial.

f Latin Memorial.

X Nuefes de la tierra.

§ Extremada.

II I. e. Toddy, as it is called by the Englifli in Indian

f Sueros.

•• Sierven de cardos.— — Thiftles.

they.

165

'il

\ '^

i£'

A *',nj

:|^

^ h
' 4i

i66 MEMORIAL PRESENTED BY

they ferve for moat and drink at fea and land j when old, they
yield oil for lamps, and wax alfo like balfam, and good to eat
when new. Their (hells are cups and bottles. The coire ferves for
oakum to caulk fliips, and for making all their cables, haufers,
and common cordage, and is the beft^match * ; of the leaves they
make fails for fmall embarkations, and fine mats, and mats
wherewith they line -f- and cover houfes, which they frame of
their trunks, which are ftreight and tall, and of them they make
targets J and lances, and other kinds of arms, with other things,
good for common ufe ; and it is to be noted that thefe coconut
topes § are vineyards, which all the year yield fruit and wine ||,
and that they do not require any culture ^ j and thus neither ex-
pend money nor time. The garden -fluffs v/hich were feen were
pumkins **, large blites •f-f*, and much purflain J;|:, and they
had intimation of beans. The flefh are many hogs, tame like
ours, and fowls, capons, country partridges §§, geefe ||||, tur-
tles, ringdoves, and goats, which the other captain faw, and
the Indians gave us intimation of cows or buffaloes. The fifh
are many pargos^ reyes, fkait, foals, mullets, whitings, fhads,
macal^St ikuttlefifh, pampanos, fardinaSf thornback, palometas,
chitas viejas, eels, peezes puercosy fhellfifh, gurnets, mufcles,
prawns, and other kinds, of which I do not remember the name,
and there ought to be many more, for all the above-mentioned
were fifhed clofe to the fhips. And if it be well confidered, it
mufl certainly be found, that befides fo many and fo good

• Y de la arcabuz la mejor.

t Afl'orren. ' «

X Tablas.

§ Groves

II Vendinia Vintage

^ Beneficio.

*• Calabazas.

+t Bledos.

XX Verdolagas.

§§ Perdices de la tierr*.

tlQ Palos realcs.

[things],

nlTlROS. J67

pKDKOFEKNANDEZ..a.Ul

wckoning amongft *'>"'" ,hing f ^m abroad ; ana

kinds. a»**'''*ftfidThe abo«-m«ntioned. there «i^
for fea ptovifions •. '' j*" J' „, of bacon, nor of ,ars

be no want of plenty of 1"S= S*^ , hog,, nor want of

ofUrdt. »->-'>" tl to b obfervfd. that many of the
pickles t. or fp«es U • to^ ^^^^,„„,h more may

L'talltother things Europe^au^^^^^

«hich the other capta." fa«.»\ ^^ „,,„, brings forth.

«Wch are the three f "e' jf "^ „,ce, pepper, and ginger,
There is vaft plenty 11 of n»«™^7; is intimation of cinnamon,
„hich we both have f"".^f.„ce there are the other fpices.
and perhaps there "^V;""^ '=^^;;„"rie, are almoft paralleV with
»„dthe rather, »«-"«= '''f ^e is befides conveniency to
Teknate -"-i ^*^"', "Ir ind go- There is good ebony.
g„w and make ?;'»> ^f j'^lber of (hips, with all the.
. ^finite woods for ^"f "/ ^one refembling our hemp, and
fails, and cordage of three kmds, o" ^^.^^ ^^^,„

. with the oil of coconut may be made gg^._^ ^^^^^^ ^^.^^^,^

• Matalotages.

f Botijas de monteca.

§ Criar.

i '-i

4i^

' i m4

168 MEMORIALPRESENTED BY

which were aVo feen, there will be honey and wax. And be-
ildes all thefe riches, the fituation and difpoiition of the country
aiTures many others, which joined with the many things which
indu/lry will afford, having, as there is fo much fimilarity, befides
its own things, conveniency togrow ours, which I intend to carry,
together with all the other better and more beneficial, which
are produced in Peru and New-Spain. It appears, that all
together will make the country fo rich, that it will alone be
able to fupport itfelf, and alfo America, and will aggrandize
and enrich Spain in fuch a manner, as I will fhew, if I am
aflifled by others in the execution. In regard to what I have
feen, iince it was the fea-fhore, I fay, we ought with good
ground to hope of the country fo many and fuch great things,
riches, and good things as are got from ours. : , : ^ ;,;v - ^^ .,, .^

It is to be obferved, that my chief intent was only to feek
out fo large a country as I have found, and on account of my in-
firmities *, and other things which difpirited -j- me, I could not
fee fo much as I wifhed; nor can all that is defirable be feen in on^;
month, the year having twelve, wherein are fhewn the qualities
and the fruits, which all cultivated countries produce j and that
the Indians mufl not be judged of by our neceffities, tafte, wants,
and eflimation of things, but as men who intend to pafs life
with the leafl trouble, without vexing themfelves with thofe
things, in the purfuit whereof we fatigue ourfelves.

The conveniency, and pleafures of life will be as great as c m
be found in a cultivated^ pleafant, and delightful J country,
black and fat, and of great § for making here-

• Enfcrmedadcs, ficknefs, complaints. .••.■%i

■•■■-/ + Callo. .<-..-'-/ .• ■ ': ^ • 'h'l '-•

t Frefca. * ' ' ''"^

§ The original is y de grande migajon con barrillcs p\ luego poder hacer Ladrillos

ihigajon, is the crumb of bread without the cruft — ^Barriles, the plural of barril, cafk ;

tho' it alfo fignifies an earthem poi, with a large belly and narrow mouth. Iprefume

after

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJJIROS.

after bricks, tiles, and the other things made thereof, and
near at hand many quarries of marble, and other ftones *,
for building fumptuous and curious edifices, and many woods,
well adapted for all ufes. There are plains, valleys -|-, and high
double lands, and in them rivers, brooks, and fountains,
whence, with all conveniency, may be had plenty of water-
mills, fugar-mills, and other water-engines j and in the t
fait marflies, and in the places where canes grow, teftimo-
nies of the fertility of the country, whofe joints are of five
and fix palms, and lefs, and the fruit in proportion. The ftone
fine and hard, and fine grained §, and as good flints as in
Madrid.

The bay of St. Philip and St. Jago has twenty leagues of
fea-fhore l[,i it is all clear, and free for entrance by day and
night; it has around it many towns ; in them, and very diftant,
were feen by day many fmoaks, and by night many fires. Its port
of Vera-Cruz is fo capacious,, that it will contain in it above
1000 fliips: its foundings clear, and of black fand; worms were
not feen : one may anchor in any depth from 40 to 4 fathom
between two rivers, the one as large as Guadalquivir, at
Seville, with a bar of more than two fathom, by which, good
frigates and fmall fliips f may enter. At the other our boats
went in freely* and from it was taken water, which is extreme-
ly fine **. The landing-place is a beach pf three leagues, and
the greateft part of it a pebble bank ff, black, fmall JJ, and

fomething is omitted, and tlic words tranfpofed ; and that the meaning of the paflage
is, That there is clay as white as the crumb of bread, ofivhich hereafter may be madebrUks
with earthern-ware y tiles, &c. *

• Tofcas. t Lomas quebradas. Broken ridges of hills,

X Y en los efTenos falinas, y en aquellos caiia verales.

tLifalatez. || Orilla. H Pataches.

•* Lindiffima. ft Guixarnal. $+ Menudo.

169

heavv.

t 'f If

•'K

V:. * III ■if

'1 ii %

■ !

•k n

t/o MEMORIAL PRESENTED BY

heavy, excellent for ballafting fliips. The (hore, as it has not
gaps * nor breaks, and the verdure ■f on its edge, was under-
llood not to be beaten by the waves. And becaufe the trees are
all (Ireight, and without :J:, or broken limbs § j it was

judged from thence not to have great dorms. This port, be-
sides being fo airy ||, has another great excellence in what con-
cerns recreation; that from the breaking of the dawn ^ is
heard through all the neighbouring wood? a very great har-
mony of thoufands of different birds, fome to appearance night-
ingales **, black-birds-f-j-, larks :|:.|, and gold-finches §§, and
infinite numbers of fwallows, and befidesthem many other kinds
of birds, and even to the chirping |j|| of grafshoppers and
crickets.

Every morning and evening were enjoyed fwcet fcents, waft-
ed from all kinds of flowers, amongft them that of orange-
flowers and fweet bafil. And for all thefe, and other good
effedts, it is .judged the climate there is temperate, and that
nature maintains her order <|^.

This port and bay are rendered more excellent by the neigh-
bourhood of fo many and fo good iflands, efpecially of feven,
which are 200 leagues in circuit, one of them is 50, and is
diftant 12, it is very fertile and populous.

And, in fliort, I fay, Sir, that in this bay and port of 1 5
d€g. 20 min. S. lat. prefently may be built a very large and
populous city, and that the people which will inhabit it, will
enjoy *** all the riches and conveniencies pointed out -|"|"}-,
and vhat my fmall capacity cannot explain, and what time
will (hew, and tliat there may be a communication with the

• Ruinas. t Verdes. t Azotes. § Dcgajes.

!| Ayiofo. H Rompia cl alba. «• Ruy fenores. ff Mirlas.

tt Calandrias. §§ Sirgueros. |||| Chillar.

•1^ Ser alii clemente el cielo, y q. guarda fu orden naturaleza.

**♦ Gozara. Mt ApuiUados. ,

provinces

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QV I R O S.

provinces of Chili, Peru, Panama, Nicaragua, Guati-
MALA, New-Spain, Ternate, and the Philipinas, of all
which lands your Majefty is Lord.

And if your Majefty will be of thefe others which I offer ;
I hold them to be of fo much importance, that befides being as
keys of all the above-mentioned places, I apprehend they will
become fuch for the commerce of curious and valuable commo-
dities, befides other great things from China, Japan, and
the other provinces of the coaft of Asia, with its iflands, and
fhortly, according to my opinion. And I can (hew this in a
committee of mathematicians : nor Ihall I make many words in
faying, that it will prefently accommodate and fuftain 200,000
Spaniards. In fhort, that this is the globe whereof Spain will
be the centre *, and where there is a body there is a nail j and
this point is to be well confidcred.

The temperature and goodnefs of the air, is. Sir, as fine as
any in the whole world, and in fo much that our people, being
all ftrangers, none fell fick with fuch continual -f* labour, fweat-
ing, and getting wet, without avoiding to drink water fafting,
nor to eat every thing the country yielded, nor to keep out of
the dews, moon or fu.i, which was not very hot in the day,
and towards midnight ^ woollen cloaths were dcfired, and could
well be borne» And whereas the natives in common are cor-
pulent, and very ftrong, and fome of them very old ; and as
they live in houfes with ground floors §, which is a great indi-
cation of much healthinefs, for if the country was unhealthy,
they would be raifed from the ground, as is done in the Phili-
pinas, and in other parts which Ihavefeen. And whereas fifh
and flcfti keep found to fait two or more days, and whereas, the
fruit brought from thence (as may be feen in two I have here)

* Y en loque es cuerpo es la una y notes bien eftc punto.

i Orilinario.. % De media noche abaxo. § Cafas terrenas.

171

i :l

I . a

Z z

are

x-jz

MEMORIAL PRESENTED BY

are perfedly good, though taken from the trees out of feafon ;
and as 1 have not i^txi any barren fandy grounds *, nor any kind
of thirties, nor prickly trees, nor fuch as have roots above
ground, nor mangrovy fwamps f, nor moraffes, nor fnow on
the high mountains, nor crocodiles in the rivers, nor in the
mountains any venemous infers if, nor ants, which commonly
are very deftrudtive in the houfes and to the fruits, nor niguas §,
nor ticks ||, nor mofquitoes, which is an excellence above all
excellencies for our advantage ^, and fo worthy of eftimation,
that there are countries in the Indies which for thefe pkgues
alone are uninhabitable, and others v»'here they fuffer very
much from them \ as I can well bear teftimony.

7. Thefe, Sir, are thegreatnefs and goodnefs of the countries
which I have difcovered, and of which I took poffefnon in
your Majefty's name, under your royal flandard, and fo the
adls declare which I have here, &c. [Giving an account of the
ceremony of taking poiTeflion j and concludes] All this, and
more I have done as a loyal vaflal to your Majefty, and that ,
your Majefty may foon add, for the greatnefs of it founds well **,
the title Of The Australia del Espiritu Santo, for
the greater glory of the fame Divinity, who carried me, and who ^
pointed it out to me, and who has brought me to the prefence
of your Majefty, where I am, with the fame willingnefs •f"|'
which I have always had for this caufe, to which I gave birth 4: J,
and for its noblenefs do love it, and long after it with infinite
folicitude.

* Arrcnales. t Manglanarcs ancgadizos. % Sabandizas ponzonofas.

§ Niguas, fmall vermin, which lie hid in thcduft, and leap like fleas, and get-
ting between the fltin and Jlefli, breed there, and arc very troublefomc.

H Garrapatas. H Pretenfion. ** Porque fuenc efta grandeza.

tt A'"oluntad. XX A efta caufa q. crie.

8. I

PEDRO FERNANDEZ de QJLT I R O S.

8. I am very well convinced* from the wife councils, magna-
nimous difpofition, and chriftian piety of your Majefty, of the
great care which will be taken, when further knowledge is had,
towards the peopling of thefe countries now difcovered j the
chief reafon for not leaving them deferted, being, that this will
be the means -f- that in all of them the true God be known, be-
lieved, and adored, the Devil having there fo much influence.
And further flill, for it will be the gate by which to fo many
nations under the jurifdidtion of your Majefty, will be difFufed
all good and relief J, and the many more cares which will
arife, if to them the enemies of the church of Rome {hould go
to fow their falfe dodlrines, and turn the benefits I have rcpre-
fented to worfe evils, and would ftile themfelves Lords of the
Indies. lalfotruft, that your Majefty will weH'confider, that
the doubtful remedy of an evil fo pernicious as has been pre-
didted §, or of what other difafter ||, which may be expedled
now or hereafter, would coft millions of gold, and thoufands
of men. Acquire ^, Sir, fince you can, with a little money,
which will be required but once **, acquire Heaven, eternal
fame, and that New World, with all its promifes. And fmce
there is none who folicit of your Majefty the rewards •j-'j-
for the glad tidings of fo great and fignal a blefllng of God, re-
ferved for your happy time, I, Sir, fupplicate them, and zsfuch
my dijpatchy for the galleons are ready, and I have many places
to go to, and much to provide, and to do, and much fpiritual
and temporal lofs attends every hour's delay, which can never be
recovered.

^7%

t i

I i

•* Bien crco. t Medio.

X Les hade entrar todo fublen y remedio. § El que fuena.

II Defman. fl GaneV. M.

*■* Y fe puede gaftar pr. una vcz. ft Albridas.

9. If

174

MEMORIAL PRESENTED, Gfr.

9. IFChristoval Colon's conjectures did make him perti-
nacious *i what 1 have feen, what 1 have felt, and what I offer
muft make me fo importunate: wherefore, let your Majefty
order, that of the many means which there are, fome one be
adopted adequate to what is propofed, and let it be obferved,
that in all I (hall be found very fubmiflive to reafon -f , and will
give fatisfadtion in every thing.

* Lc heficron porfiado.

t Keducido a la razon.

f •

If ••

•

.■ < ■ *

A D V E R-

Seft, 5, 1769.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Since Mend ana's voyage was printed, I have obtained

from Spain,

Hechos de Don Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza,
Quarto Marques de Canete.

P O R

El Doctor Christoval Suarez de Fioueroa*
Madrid, mdcxiii. Quarto.

THERE are feveral circumftances in Figueroa omitted in
the abridgments of his relation. In lib. 5, p. 228, by way
of introdudVion to Mendana's voyage in 1595, Figueroa gives
a brief account of the firft voyage in 1567; of this the following
is a tranflation : it is to be confidered as a more circumilantial
detail of this voyage, inferted p. 45, from Coreal, and to
come in the place of the two laji paragraphs of p. 45, of
p. 46, and of the quotations from Pingr£:, in p. 48 and 49^
and in p. 50 and 51.

** It will be well to recite the voyage which, in the vice-
royalty of the marquis, and with his favour, after remaining
many years deftitute of hopes for want of fuch afliftance, the
Adelentado Alvaro de Mendana performed, with the in-
tention

I \

17* ADVERTISEMENT.

tcntionof/ettlin;^ the Salomon iflands. I deem his * dilcourfe
important on many accounts, but above nil for the notice
whi:his proper to take of the difcovery of the foutliern un-
known parts, which he has finct made, whereof )h.Q prejunt was
the foundation. lUit it will be expedient, in the firft place,
briefly to mention the^'r/? voyage which thcAdclentado hinifclf
had made to thefe iflands, as it will ferve not a little to explain
the prefcnt voyage.

" In 1567 the licentiate Castro, being, for want of a
viceroy in Peru, prefidcnt and governor, for reafons which
moved him, difpatched his nephew, Alvaro de Mendana,
with the title of general, and ordered him to difcover towards
the unknown fouthern parts, the lands which were fuppofed
to be there.

" He departed from Callao January 10, 1568; having,
gone 145P kagues, they defcried a fmall ifland, with people of
an olive colour -f* : it is in 6 deg. 45 min. S. lat. they here met
with the firft rains, thunder and lightning, which they had feen,.
and named the ifland, Isla de Jesus. Diftant from it 170
leagues are fome reefs, iiretching from N. E. to S.W. with
fome ifl'ots in the middle of them. What they faw extended
about 1 5 leagues. They named thefe Los Baxos de la Can-
DALERiA. The middle of them is in 6 deg. i^ min. S. lat.
They were 17 days in reaching them from the firft ifland, with
great oppofition of currents and windfe. They got fight of
other land, and went in queft of it. They found a port, where
they entered, calling itSxA. Ysabel de la Estrella. The
inhabitants adore fnakes, toads, and fuch things. They are of

• «« 5«difcurfo." This explains what would otherwife be vtryobfture in the fol-
lowing part of the fentencc. Figueroa, p. 242, tells us, he took his relation from the
thief pilot's papers ; and therefore his refers to Quiros, whom he had not named, not
to Mendana, as might be inferred from the expreflion.
\ Amulatada.

an<

ADVERTISEMENT.

an olive colour, they have curled * hair, they go naked, tho'
with their [obfcencj parts covered. Their food is coconuts and
roots, which they name venaus. They have no flefli, or ftrong
drink -f-, and therefore arc cleaner than others. It is under-
ftood as a thing certain that <hcy eat human flcfh, the cacique
having fent to the general, as a prefent, a quarter of a boy, with
his arm and hand. He ordered it to be buried in fight of thofc
who brought it, who apppearing oftendcd and confufcd .1 at
what pafTed, went away hanging their heads. They are a peo-
ple who live in fmall communities § ; they have wars with each
other, and make flaves of their prifoners. The firft mafs was
faid here ; a brigantine was built with which the M". de Campo,
captain Pedro de Ortega, accompanied by 18 foldiers, 12
failors, and the chief pilot Hernan Gallego, went on dif-
covery. Navigating to the S. E. as the coaft lays, at 6 leagues
from the port, they found two fmall iflands, v/ith great palm-
groves II, in the latitude of 8 deg. and in the fame courfe many
others. They alfo faw a large bay, with eight fmall iflands, all
inhabited by people, who have for arms wooden fv/ords, bows
and arrows. Eaft and weft with this bay, at 1 4 leagues, was
feen alarge ifland, named by the Indians Malaita. There is
in mid-way two iflots, each at a point, which is in the latitude
of 8 deg. it was named Isla de Ramos, becaufe it was difco-
vered on that day. Coafting the ifland Sta. Isabel, they faw
a port and cape in 9 deg. fcant, 14 leagues from the bay before-
mentioned, it was named Cabo Prieto (Black Point),
Afterwards to the S. W. of this cape, at 9 leagues diftance,
they found many iflands. They came to theory?; it was e
leagues in circuit, quite furrounded with reefs ; it was named

• Crefpos t Carecen de carnes y brebages.

% Sentidos y corridos del fuceflb. § Es gcnte de parcialidadcs.

I Grandes palmares.

A a La

»77

■ '

178 ADVERTISEMENT.

La Galer a. One league from this and N. W. and S. E. with
Cabo PRIETO, at 9 leagues diftance, is another of 12 in ex-
tent*; it is well peopled, it has places cultivated and en-
clofed -fj it was named Buena Vista, from its appearance,
and it is extremely fertile. Its latitude is gdcg. 3omin. Around
it they faw many inhabited iflands,, and five others in a chain
from E. to W. They landed in the ^rji : its inhabitants red-
den their hair : they are much afraid of fire arms J : they beat
to arms with caraco/es, and little drums, and eat humaaflefli. It
is 25 leagues in circuit; its latitude 9 deg. 30 min. jt was named
La Florida. The names of the other t/iree were St. Dim as,
St. German, and Guadalupe. To thefputhward of thefe
5 iflands is another which they named Sesarga; it is about 8
leagues in circuit, its latitude 9 deg. 45 miiuites. It lies with
Buena Vista N. W. and S. E. 5 leagues diftant ; it is high,
round, and well-pecpled. It has plenty of provifions, oi yna-
nimesj panays, and fome hogs, lb the middle of it was feen
a volcano, which continually Vornjted out a quaatity of fmoak.

Behind this they faw prefently another large one, and in it a
copious § river. Many men, woirien, and boys, came out in
canoes to fee our people. The M'". de Campo went to a town,
where in bafkets was found a quantity of green ginger and other
good roots, with fome hogs. They named this ifland Gua-
dalcanai^, and the river Ortega. From hence the bri-
gantine returned with all its crew, in queft of the port
where they had left the fliips. They were going round the
ifland Sta. Ysabel, for they were fo ordered, pafling clofe to
Cabo Prieto. At feven leagues from it to the W. S. W. at
the diftance of 5 leagues, is another iiland, which they named
St. Jorge ; it makes a channel with the ifland of Sta. Ysa-

• Otra de 12 de cuerpo.

t Huyea mucho de los arcabuzes.

t Lugares formados y juntos.
% Caudalofa.

BEL.

loi

foi

'^ >.,

ADVERTISEMENT.

BEL. The entrance, which is on the S. E. part, is 6 leagues
long, and i broad to the W. They found there a port with
foundings from 8 to 12 fathoms, perfectly clear, and large
enough for a thoufand {hips, with the entrance to the S. E,
and the outlet to the N. W. where there is a town with more
than three hundred houfes. They difcovered in this ifland fome
pearls, of which the Indians make fmall account. They
gave many to redeem a canoe which had been taken from them.
Sailing along the coaft of the ifland Sta. Ysabel, having gone
40 leagues, they found fome large reefs, and amongft them
many canoes of the Indians, who were fifliing. They all came
to (hoot their arrows at the brigantine, and returned : there are,'
amongft thefe reefs, many inhabited and uninhabited iflots.
And at the point, and extreme of Sta. Ysabel, which is in
7 deg. and 30 min. they found many iflands, all inhabited.
This ifland is 95 leagues long, and 20 broad, it is above 200
in circuit. They faw here cockles *, which from point to point
of the fliells are 5 feet. Turning the ifland, on the weftern
part, they found the fame E. and S. E. winds with which they
had before navigated. Having to return to the E. in fearch of
the port where the fhips remained, but not being able, the
winds being fo contrary, the M". de Campo fent in U canoe
nine foldiers, with a failor, and a friendly Indian, who
always went with our people, to give advice to the general
of his voyage, and of the rcafons why they did not arrive be-
fore. They went along fliore till the canoe was dafhed to
pieces on fome reefs, and fome lofing heart f , they were all
faved. All the powder was wetted; they determined to return
back in queft of the brigantine, walking for this purpofe all
night over the rocks, in fear of being aflaulted by the Indi-
ans. They met with a crofs, which they had raifed, and left

* Murcielago*.

t Perdiendo algunos el hato.
A a 2

179

1 i ».

iBo

ADVERTISEMENT.

in a certain place when they pafled, and having adored it, deter-
mined to wait three days for the brigantine, and in cafe it
ihould not come, to make a raft to go to the (liips. In this
afflidion they were, when providentially it arrived, giving all
imaginable fatisfadion. They made figns with a fmall flag,
which were taken notice of, and embarking all the people, they
profccuted their voyage till they reached the fhip, where they
found fome dead, and others fick. On this occafion, the general
determined to fail out of port, between fome reefs, which are at
its entrance. With eaflierly winds, fometimes frefli, he went to^
anchor in a road *of the ifland Guadalcanar. He fought
a new port, and found one clofe to a river, which they named
Gallego, and the port LaCruz. Next day they tookpofleffion.
of the country for his Majefty, and eredled a crofs on a little
hillock before fome Indians, who fhot their arrows ; two were
killed with the mufkets, and the reft fled. Afterwards Don
Fernando Enriquez, with the chief pilots and 30 foldiers,.
were fent to fee the country, wanting to difcover a river ; fo
many of the natives came upon them, that they were obliged to
defift from their intention, and attend only to their own de-
fence. The failors affirmed there is much gold in the river. At
their return they brought two hens and a cock, which were the
firft they had feen, whereat, the general was much delifrhted, ,
feeing they every day difcovered more land with better things.
He fent Don Fernando, with the chief pilot in the brigantine.
They failed to the E. S. E. and at the diftance of 2 leagues found
the river Oktega, and the coaft full of habitations. They
continued touching in this manner a; different iflands and ri-
vers, too long to recite i fometimes meeting oppofition, and.
fometimes good reception from the inhabitants. At laft they
returned to the lliips, where they found the Indians had killed- ;

* Piaya

^ 9 men>

V-T

ADVERTISEMENT.

9 men, who, with the fteward, had gone for water. The
cacique of that diftridt had (hewn himfelf a friend to the gene-
ral, but was difgufted with him on account of a boy which
they had taken, and would not give back, though he afked it.

The day after this difgiace happened, the general fent cap-
tain Pedro Sarmiento, who, with all the people, landed to
chaftife the Indians, as well in their perfons as houfes. He
killed 20, and burnt many towns, whereupon he returned. He
landed a fecond time, with 50 foldiers, and fetting fire to
different habitations, found in them fome pieces of the fhirts,
and jackets of the deceafed.

On 13th June the fhips fet fail, and two miles to windward,
where they had before been with the brigantine, they faw many
habitations. They went from thence to an ifland, which was
named San Ciiristoval.. They took pofl in it, the general
going afliore. This being feen by the natives, they told our
people by figns to return ; but obferving that they did not do
fo, it was wonderful to fee the * faces and motions which they
made, fcratching on the fand with their feet and hands, run-
ning to the fea, toffing the water up, with other ftrange mo-
tions. A trumpet was blown to call them afTiftance, and Pe-
dro Sarmiento came with all the people where the general
was. The Indians came upon them in warlike array ; euch
had two or three darts, and others wooden fwords, bows and
arrows. They came fo near, that if they had difcharged they
could not have miffed ; but feeing that it did not (ignify telling
them feveral times by figns to be gone, the general ordered to
fire fome mufkets, whereby one was killed, and others
wounded, whereupon the reft fled. The Spaniards entered the
town, where they found fuch a quantity of coconuts and al-

• Las Braburas, vifages y temblores q. hezieron efcarvnnflo en la arena con pit-r
ymiUiQS corricndo almar echando cl aqua por alto in otips cftrana'i ademanes.

monds, ,

i8t

:iiii

? Ik

' flip's

'Vn

3VJ

■!> fi4

i8s

ADVERTISEMENT.

monds as was enough to have loaded a fhip, and fo they did
nothing all day but carry provifions to thofe at anchor. The
Indians did not chufe to return again, and our people, night
approaching, embarked with what had been done. This port
is in 1 1 deg. the ifland is narrow and mountainous. The bri-
gantine failed from thence to difcover more land. They found
two iflands, 3 leagues diftance from each other ; they named the
one Sta. Catalina, and the other Sta. Anna: this is low
and round, with an elevation in the middle like a caftle. It is
well peopled and fertile ; it has hogs and fowls, and a good port
on the caller n part. Here the difcoverers went afliore, and
were attacked by the Indians with many darts, arrows, and
fhouting "*. They were painted of divers colours, with branches
on their heads, and fome -f- acrofs their bodies. They

fought with a daring fpirit, wounding three of our people.
They difcharged a dart at the chief with fuch fury and force
(for thefe people are large), that pierced the target and arm
above a palm's length of the fpear beyond. But at length
killing two, the reft fled. Having coafted the ifland St. Chris-
TOVAL, they returned to the fhips. The chief pilot related,
that they had not difcovered more land in that quarter, but that
to the weflward, there muft necefTarily be very extenfive +. The
general held a confultation of all the pilots and captains, who,
after debating many matters of confequence, agreed to make a
hawzer, and heave the fhips down. They heeled them as well
as they could, and having finifhed, determined to return back
to Peru by the north, without more lofs of time, that their
provifions might not be expended, nor their cabJes rotten. They
then fetfail, being 7 days in clearing St. Christoval. Tht-y
failed from thence, and with a frefli E. S. E. wind, ftood N. E.

* Vozcria. t Vandas.

X Mas que a la Oeftc era fue)c|a la huviefle efpaciofifTinia.

ADVERTISEMENT.

by E. They kept on with fometimes bafflling winds from E.
N. E to N. Between 2 deg. and 4 deg. S. they met many
palms *, and burnt wood, which came out of rivers, figns

of land to the weft, they conceived it to be New-Guinea. Being
under the equator, the pilots defired to make a requeft to the
general, giving for reafon they were going to be loft -f-, and it
would be better to go diredtly to one or the other pole. They
agreed to purfue their route, as the times would admit, between
N. and N. W. Doing fo, in 1 1 days they went 25 leagues, and
found themfelves in 5 deg. N. and this is not wonderful, for in
thefe low latitudes are found little winds, and not very favour-
able. They here had rain, which they faved : they got the
eajlerly trade, with fome fhowers : they faw land, and went
towards it : they difcovered natives, but they fled: they found a
chizel made of a nail, a cock and many pieces of rope, and a
quantity of coconuts bored, a fign, that the inhabitants get from
thence the water they drink: they returned without water.
Farther on they fell in with another ifland, low, round, very
fandy, and woody, furrounded with reefs, inhabited only with
infinite numbers of fea-birds j it is two leagues in circuit in 19
deg. \ N. it was named St. Francisco. They navigated to
^he N. and N. E. till they reached the latitude of 30 deg. i, in
which fituation they had a chubap of fmall rain +. Next
day fct day- break a S. 8. E. wind attacked the capitana
with fo much fury, that the chief pilot affirmed, he had not
feen the like in 45 years he had followed the fea. They were
obliged to cut away their main maft, which carried with it part
of the ftiip's fide. They made fail with ay/v72;rtrf'^, with which they
ftood to the fouth tha; night, and next day ftood back again with
the lofs of 50 leagues, and without fight of the almiranta. After

18'

1 ivl

;u4 n.m

fl:.

» AtadavS.

Andavan perdidos,

t Amayanaron.

much

At-:

.184 ADVERTISEMENT,

much bad weather, " On the 9th December, the wind came
round to the S. S. E. and they ftood E. N. E. the latitude 31
deg. in which fituation they faw a pine-tree, and other figns of
land. The wind came about to the N. and next morning they
(bund themfelves clofe to the iflands, a league from the main
land, in the latitude of 30 deg. In Ihort, they entered a large
bay, where they anchored in 5 fathom, at the foot of a bank of
land, which has two iflands at the point, and between them
and the main land good ground. On the 22d January, 1568,
they entered the port of St. Jago, where, three days before,
the almiranta had put in, without main maft or boat, and
with one cafk of water, having had as bad weather as the capi-
tana; anchoring on the day of St. Paul's Converlion, and at
length failing on the 2d March, they went to Peru ; the royal
enfign, Don Fernando JbtWRiQUEz, carrying the news to
Lima, with which coiicludes this difcovery,''

A D D I-

€t

ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

From FIGUEROA,
To the Voyage of Alvaro Mendana de Neyra, 1595.

t€
tt
tt
tt

€t

tt
tt
tt

T^H E number of thofe who went was 378, of which
280 could bear arms. r.oi,1.8.

Winds " S. and S. S. E. which are. thofe of Peru." 12.

Seventy veiTels, ** fmall canoes,- not all equal. They are 21.

boats of one tree, with bamboe outriggers on each fide, in
the manner of a galley's pojiigost which reach the water,
wherein they fettle that they may not overfet j all paddling*
with their paddles ; the feweft they had in each was three,
and the moft ten."

** They were clean ikinned*, in which it was obvious they ^'» ^^^ ^•
were a healthy people; they had good hands, with long
fingers."

** Their faces and bodies were marked in blue, with the 62, 1. 4.
figure of fifli, and other things j their hair like women,
long and flowing ; fome had it tied up and plaited f-, the
greateft part were ruddy."

Pates, '* mafa" ii.

** Some cut the meat to pieces with knives of bamboe." 20-

•• Forty of them, near to whom the Spaniards appeared of Note +.
low ftature. Amongfl them was one taller by head and
flioulders than the talleft man in the fquadron, though there
was one of good height.

** As they obferved the Spaniards drefTci in fo many colours,
they appeared confounded ; the foldieis, to fatisfy them,

* Dc cirnes limpias.
B b

t Enimanin;Kios.

bared

iS6

ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

64, $.
69, 1. 2.

<•

«(

((

bared their bofoms, pulled down their ftockings, and fliewed
their arms, with which they were quieted, and Teemed much
** pleafed."
P.63,note ** There was amongft them an antient perfon, with a long
and well-difpofed beard ; he made remarkable threaten ings *
with his eyes ; he put both hands to his beard ; turned up
his whiflcersi flood up, and cried out, looking many ways "f-.
They founded their fhells, and flruck their canoes with their
paddles."

*« N. E.andS. W."

Omitted, by accident, the following : ** They alfo had

without the town fome piraguas (a kind of boat) long, and

" well-wrought, of one tree, with a keel, head, and (lern,

** and joined together with plank, ftrongly tied with ternelas,

** made of coco ; in each are held 30 or 40 rowers. Being

** alked by figns for what they were ufed, they intimated, that

they went in them to other parts. They work them with

hatchets, which they make of the bones of fifli and caracals.

They fharpen them on large pebbles, which they have for

this."

'* Of the interiour part of the ifland, nothing can be faid,
** for they did not go thither -, but from what they faw, the
" foldiers fay, all their trees were fruit-trees."

** Moft of the foldiers being of the fame opinion as the M''.
" de Campo, got hatchets, and other implements, with
** which they began to cut down trees, which they there have
•* of clean ftems high, and very large : Mendana was little
** fatisfied with this determination ; for it was his intention to
*' fettle at a low point, which is more at the entrance of the
" bay. The foldiers, with great alacrity, cut down the trees.

«<

<«

70,

I. II.

86, 1. 13.

• Fierezas*

\ Miranda a mucbas partes.

«<

bringing

. >«•

FROM FIGUEROA.

187

((
<t
<t

it
<(
((

(<
((
(<
«c

€*
tt

««
M
<<

(«
<C
<<
«

((
*t
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

bringing flicks, to make huts, and palm, and other branches
to cover them. Forgetting their labour, and the little plea-
fure they then enjoyed, and thought no more of their native
countries, nor of having left the province of Peru, fo rich
and extenfive : all the difficulties which could offer, they
furmounted for the fervice of God, and for that of their
King. Every thing is pojjible to the fpirit and valour of the
Spaniards, who are not to be difcouraged by difficulties, nor
ill fuccefs; and are delighted with arduous and daring
things *. In fhort, they built their houfes, and fitted out
their (hops, each in the beft manner he was able, to be-
gin what they were to finifh by degrees, where they intended
to live and die with honour and fame."

After peace. " This bay, to which the Adelentado gave P.86,1.5,
the name La Graciosa (for fuch it is), is 4 f leagus in cir- froi^^ ^ot.
cuit, it runs N. by E. and S. by W. it is in the moft •weflern
part of the ifland on the N. fide of it, and to the S. of the
vulcano before- mentioned. Its mouth is half a league ; and
on the eaftern part is a (hoal, but the channel is clear enough.
This bay is formed by an ifland -f- to the iveftward, whofe
body is four leagues. It is extremely fertile, and very well
inhabited on the coafls aiid inland. It is but a little way from
the Great Ifland, the fpace between them is full of rocks and
(hoals, with fome fmall channels, where nothing but boats
and canoes can pafs. The port was found at the bottom
of the bay, between a copious fpring of the pureft water,
which at a mufket*fhot guflies out under fome rocks, and a
middling river, about 500 paces from thence. The port is
in 10 ^ deg. S. 1850 leagues from Lima. It is fubjed to puffs

* Y agenos porarduos y temerofos que fcan.

t This feeras to be the illand named afterwards La Guerta, i. e. The Garden.

B b 2 " from

iSS

ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

from the S. E. but this is of little confequence *. The bot-
tom is mud, the foundings 40, 30, and 20 fathoms, anchoring
very near the fliore.

** Here the Spaniards remained two months and eight days,
in which time many notable things paffed, In the firft place,
fome foldiers, from a bad defign, killed Malop6, the In-
dian, the Adelentado's friend, from whom all had received
much good treatment -f*. His people felt extremely his
death, and lamented it in public, and in private many days,
attempting at various times to revenge it on our people. They
left off coming with the many fupplies of provifions which
they conftantly brought to the camp, which occafioned a
great want. Mendan a chaftifed the delinquents, ordering^
the guilty to be beheaded to fatisfy them j but this wjio Im-
poflible. At laft, from change of climate, food, and cuf-
toms, from labour, from going in the fun, being wet with-
out having any thing to (hift themfelves, fleeping on the-
ground, and from other diforders and difficulties, dangerous
difeafes attacked them. To thefe misfortunes fucceeded the
want of a phyfician who underftood the difeafe and the re-
medy to apply X' They began to die many -, it being a la-
mentable thing to fee them in their diftrefs §, put in huts r
fome delirious, and others little lefsj fome going to the (hip?,
with the imagination of getting health, and others from the
(hips to the camp, thinking to get it there. From thefe cala-
mities fprung tumults, with fome appearances of fedition-.
The M '. de Campo (to whom it was attributed) paid for it
with his life j he was put to a violent death> with two others-

• Ay en d rcfriegas del fueftc cofa de poca dano.

f Muy buenas amiltadcs.

X Carcclcndo cafi los mas de qtiien los firviefle y regalaffe.

§ En las tnanos dc fus accidentes.

• <

«<

<iC

FROM FIGUEROA.

•* in like manner, who were with certainty held to be his ac-
** complices in the fame delinquency."

After *' many indifcretions."

*• The evening of St. Luke, God took away the chaplain,
«« Antonio DE Surpa, for whofe death the vicar made great
•* lamentations, &c. Then the general fell ill, in a (hort
" fpace his ficknefs overcame him *.

•• On the 17th OAober there was a total eclipfe of the moon,
•• which, at its rifing in the horizon, was already totally
** eclipfed. The Adelentado found himfelf fo weak, that in
•* making his will, he could fcarce put his name to it. He left
« as univerfal heirefs, and named for governefs. Donna Isabel
«» Berreto, his wife, for he had from his majefty a particular
•* cedule that he might leave in his ftead whomever he thought
" proper. He named for captain general Don Lorenzo Ber-
** RETo, his brother-in-law j and making them call the vicar,
" he fulfilled all his fplritual duties. The night being fpent
** in this, next day the vicar fleeing him at his laft: moment,
** he placed before him what was requifite for a good death,
** in a perfon oi condition -j-, and good life j reminding him*
** that now was the time to fettle with God what was want-
" ing. He faid other things equally holy and charitable, which
*« the Adelentado heurd, fhewiiig (belides attention) extreme
" contrition; which fully fliewed that he was rcligned to the di-
vine v/ill: in. fine, aflifting himin hy\x\?^t\\Q.^(\\mdi;l mijereret
and the Creed, hecxpired at one in the morning, being ^4
■* years of age. lie died in the opinion of every body as was

* expedtd of hira. He was known to be very ea;^er to acconi-
' plifli whatever he put hand to» He was zealous for the ho-

* nourofGoD, and the fcrvice of the king; of high mind t.

(.(

it-

* Agravnnilulc en corto c'-ado la enfcnnedad muchifTiraa.
•jr Sutrte. I Lcv.iiitados penranieutos.

189

P. 87.

which.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

If i^ III

2.5
2.2

12.0

1.25 1.4 1.6

•• 6"

►

9%, J>/

'ew c\

■^i

Hiotographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

190

(<
((
ft

€t
ft
((
((
((
t*
ft
€€
ft
tt
ft
tt
tt
tt
tt
ti
tt
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
ft

ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

which had engaged him in the former voyages and difco-
veries : good actions gave him pleafure, and he detefted
bad ; he was very courteous, and fweet-tempered ; not too
apt to give reafons *, and therefore not defirous of them ;
more folicitous of works than words. He appeared to be
well, in regard to his own confciencc. He never paffed for
high, fo that it was the opinion, that he knew more than
he performed -f*. The governefs and her friends were much
affeded with his death, others were glad of it. It is to be
fuppofed thefe were the worft people in the company,
to whom his goodnefs gave offence; for it is impoffible
for one who lives in dread, to love that which occafions
his fear ; and particularly when the wicked have the good
to judge of their evil works. He was buried with the
utmoft pomp that circum dances would admit. He was
carried in a coffin, covered with black cloth, on the
flioulders of eight principal officers. The foldiers, with their
muflcets reverfed J, as is cuftomary at the funeral of a general,
dragging the colours along j and on two drums, covered with
mourning, ftriking flow and hollow ftroaksj the fife giving
the like founds. Being arrived at the church, the vicar
took charge of him, and the others returned to comfort his
widow. Donna Isabel.

** Don Lorenzo, to whofe charge were now entrufted the
fea affairs, fent one morning in the boat twenty foldiers, with
an officer, for them to bring fome boys, that they might be
taught Spanifh, as there were many inconveniencies arifing
from not underflanding their language. But the Indians,
who watched them with much caution, defended the land-

* No largo en razones, y afli fo'ia dezir.

I Nada fe le pafiuva por alto, fi bien fus opiulon que fabiamas que hazia.

+ Al reves.

.((

ing

...t-

t*
«<
((
«(
<(
<(
((
((

((

((
({

€1
<«
«
«
«(
(t
«<
<(
<(
<{
<C
((
(«

«
«
«<

FROM FIGUEROA.

ing with Co much fpirit, that before the Spaniards difcovcred
them they fliot eight with arrows, and purfuing their oppor-
tunity, they continued following them, conftantly (hooting
arrows, throwing ftones, and (houting, till they came fo near
the camp, that it was neceffary for Don Lorenzo to go out
with the flag difplayed, and with the remainder of the people
in health to oppofe them. They difcharged a piece, which
made them retire, but fix were wounded in the purfuit, and
amongft them Don Lorenzo in the foot. The Indians con-
tinued in purfuit of their revenge, and every day came to
feek their enemies, bringing fome fliields, with which they
thought to cover themfelves from the fire-arms, as the tar-
gets defended the Spaniards from their arrows. They were
exafperated by the death of Malop^, and with enraged va-
lour fhot through the branches of the trees, pointing at the
faces and legs, as they faw thefe were expofed. This was
the fault of the foldiers, for they took their arrows, and
ftruck with them againft the targets, and other armour, to
fhew that they did no mifchief : but they told them by figns,
to do the fame to their eyes and legs, and as they did not
chufe to do fo, they difcovered the fecret, {hooting always at
thefe two parts. Although with many infirmities, Don Lo-
renzo gave all the afliftance poflible to the maintenance and
good of the camp. He fent a third time the frigate, with the
captain of artillery, to look for the Almiranta, giving him in-
ftrudions what to do. He went, and did every thing pro-
per on the occafiorj, but returned without finding it. Pie
landed on the way on one of the iflands before-mentioned,,
which are in the reefs, and feized there eight boys, all of
them of good countenances^ well made, with fine eyes, and,
to appearance, of better capacity. He alfo brought fome
large (hells of the pearl-oyflers, which they found in a townv

a *' with

191

192

*€
€(
<tt
€t
4«
*<
€t
tf
*<
*(
<t
I*
*t
4t
it
«<
«(
<*
*t
((
((
<(
((
<(

((
((

ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

with which they returned to the fhip. Don Lorenzo alfo fent
DonDieg6de Vera with the command of a party of foldiers,
who were in bed health, to feek an Indian woman, to keep her
as an hoftage j and by that means to make the natives defift
from the evil they were conftantly committing. They brought
three, with fix children, who were frequently viiited by their
huibands, and, with others of their people, they came to beg
them, with much careffes. They let them go, to fatisfy them,
with which they appeared very thankful. The general, Don
Lorenzo, who (as before-mentioned) was wounded in the
leg with an arrow, was obliged to keep his bed, where he
quickly grew worfe, being feized with delirioufnefs *. In
fliort, his illnefs increafing, he died the 2d November, being
lamented, and buried in the fame manner as the Adelentado a
little before. Soon after the vicar followed him ; his difeafe
was of longer continuance. This lofs was fuch as the fins of
thefe unfortunate pilgrims deferved j it ferved as a flroke to
tell them they were difpleafing to God, when, after fo many
corporeal afflidions, he took from them their fpiritual com-
fort. The vicar, Juan Rodriguez de Espinosa, was a
man of virtuous parts, zealous for the good of the fouls com-
mitted to his charge. He gave, by a well regulated life, a
good example to all, and was beloved by all. Captain Pe-
dro Fernandez de Quiros was his executor; he made
him bury him in the fea, not caring to be carried a-fliore,
lell: the Indians fliould dig him up, and commit fome inde-
cencies with his body.

** With filth continued misfortunes our people wpre brought
to fuch a (late, that tv/enty determined Indians might have
driven them away, and deflroyed the tov/n, even without

• Pafnuulc.

O M F

I G U E

R O A.

'93

F ^ ^ ^ .^Ahv their diftreffes

.. (Which ««e great, and «>thout r^^^^._^ ^^ ^^^^^^ „,th

" »*>' TTu-rVho haatl«a^e health. tUl they got
« the few foldiers, wuu

.* water and wood. pebbles."

Canes " many and large.
i:rene.uUca«ea...-.^^-'r- —

^'ve:;rght.es " -Be,-^::tre:«nsUUepea.."

Refembled the pear main . ^^ ^j, eat them roafted, or

They are boiled ^'^/^^^f'. mother wo are a little pungent
.Llld; onekindisiweet.m>e^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^

. at firft. A foldier c.t one r w fro ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^

.. ficknefsat ft°^^,^^^ ^ .^em a great deal ofbifcuit, dried in
. The Indians make of them S ^^^ ^^^^^^ .^ .^ ^ ^

.. the fun, or by fire. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ which ferved

. fuftenancet There IS her^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^ ,„,

*« them for cordage. They v ^^^^^ ^^^ fl^^^^s,

« fweetbafil, of exceflive ftrong ^ent^,^^ mdians prize much :
.. of a beautiful appearance, whicn ^^ bufhes,

. hey do not grow upon the ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Jofe to their

. Uklchily §, and they ^^ ^^^ ^^^nger, which grows fpon-
. houfes: theyhave great quantuy of g^ ^ ,.gb.

. taneous. The ground .^^^^^^^^^^

.which is called x.y«^///^.^t IS from ^^ ^^ ^^^,^

.cThe/./^^ trees are many and mucn

P.89,1.3-

IS-
19.

21.

22.
24.
26.

* A modo de pcros. ^j^^-^Iq.

+ Y folo podria tenet de no tal el ler g
T ^ '7 *^, ^ A pies.

jNohuelea. C C

they

!94

ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

((
(<
<«
«(

*€
<(
<(
((
(<
<(
€1
<(
<<
((
«(
*t
t*

<*
«(
<l
«<

«C
<<
«(

they make their ropes and nets. There are curious fnail-
fticlls *, like thofe they bring from China, and many -j-
pearl-fhells. Near the place where the Spaniards fettled, on
the brink of the fountain, was a tree, in the trunk of which
the natives had made a wound, from whence diftilled a fweet-
fcented liquor, which much refembled the oil oi beto. The
Indians make bags and pockets J of palm ; curious and large
mats, which ferve them for fails to their veffels. They faw
certain cloths §, but did not know of what they were made.
They weave them in fmall looms : they ferve them for hand-
kerchiefs, and cloaks, with which the women cover them-
felves. They much ufe a food, whith is called brete^ alfo
known and much ufed in the East-Indies. It is aleaf of
the fhape of a heart, about the iize of a hand : it has the
fmell, tafte, and colour of clove, and, 'together with other
things, they chew it. They fpit out the firft fpittle, and
fwallow the reft. It is reckoned wholfome, and good to
ftrengthen the ftomach and ^ums.

** Their towns are of twenty houfes, little more or lefs, they
make them round, and of plank, raifed on a fingle ftake of
large wood. They have two ftories ||, to which they go up
by hand ladders. They are covered with palms, interwovea
with each other. They are open all round, half man height,
and furrounded with a wall of loofe ftones, open at the en-
trance inftead of a gate f .

** There is in each town a large houfe as a temple **, with hu-
man figures in bas-relief, ill wrought; and another long houfe,
which appears to belong to the community; and along between
them fome ftages of canes f f . There are ten or twelve of thefe

* Caracoles. f Varias. % Mochilas y bolfas. § Telas.
^ Parcilon fe piedras fueltas en faentrada en lugar de puerta.
•• Comooraculo. tf Barbacoas de caiias.

Sobrado6..

towns

„#

««

«<

((

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
*t

FROMFIGUEROA.

towns upon the fea-Oiore, and in each two wells, curiouily
made, with flairs to go down to them, and covered a- lop
with plank: clofe to the fea are fome fifliing weirs furrounded
with ftone ; where the tide flows, they have a device for fifli-
ing *, and a flick like a pump-fpear. The canoes with which
they navigate to dillant parts are beautiful and large, for the
fmall ones only ferve in the neighbourhood of their houfes.
Thefe are formed with the keel fomewhat flat, with head
and flern all of one piece. The well is in the m-ddle, where
they bale out the water which comes into it, and flep the
main mafl. They -fix upon them fome ftages -f-, with pieces
of wood acrofs, tied with ropes j from whence come others,
which run along on one fide, and ferve to fupport it, that
it may not overfet ; fo that the hull J only ferves to fuflain
this fabric, which holds thirty men, or more, with their
provifions §. The fail is of mat, broad and long above, and
narrow below. They are very fwift ||, and good to work to
windward, fo that the frigate endeavoured to take one, and
it pafTed under her bowfprit %.

** Their grounds, fields, and gardens ** are very well laid out.
The foil is black, fat and loofe. The climate is fuch, as in
other countries in this latitude, they had fome thunder and
lightning, and much rain, but not much wind. The Ade-
lentado named this ifland St. Cruz : it is to appearance loo
leagues in circuit ; all that they faw of it lay about E. and W.
It is not very high land, and although it has ridges of hills,
with vallies and plains, is clear of forefl:s -f-f-. All the feafhore

>9J

• Pefcan con cierto invencion. f Barbacoas.

\ Bafo. § Hatos. || Muyveleras.

il Tanto que la fragata procuro coger una y fe le fue de debaxo del vaupres.
** Haziendas, labran^as y frutales. ff Is limpiade malezas.

C C 2

'mi

196 ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

is well peopled, of the interior part they give no account,
for they did not go thither*

*• On the 7th November all were embarked, whereby a
bad conclufion was put to this good undertaking *, ill managed
in a thoufand circumftances -f*, and efpecially becaufe it was
not fet on foot on his majefty's account, whofe countenance
is eflential for the execution and maintenance of fuch at-
tempts .

** Next day a northerly wind fet in, and as it was a little
[frefli] they parted three cables which the (hip held by, there
remaining one only, and fo fmall,. that it was not thought
fuHicient to hold a boat : but although it appeared fo weak,
it was, God be praifed, fo flrong, that it alone held the
fhip, preventing it from driving a-fliore, to which it was very
near.

** Jn the evening Luys de Andrada was fent with thirty
men to feek provifions for the voyage. He went to a fmall
ifland, which, on account of its fertility and verdure, they
named La Guerta [the Garden]. He found in a creek,
five of the large canoes, laden with bundles J of the country-
bifcuit, which the Indians had carried thither. He had it
feized, and all fent to the fhip without any difficulty. He
affirmed there was 1 20 dead hogs §. After they had been at
this creek they put in order the lick, who, from their leav-
ing Peru, had been under the care of a venerable old her-
mitan, who in Lima ferved in the hofpital of the Indians :
his name was Juan Leal [Loyal John], and fuch he was
in all the neceffities they fufFcred. This fervant of God, of
exemplary manners and life, with very indifferent health,,
and without the lead fign of reluctance (though he had much

((

tt
tt
<(

tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
t*

«c
((
<«
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
«c
<(
tt

* Buena emprefla. t Errada por mil caminos.

§ Aver raucrto 1 20 puercos de que fc vio parte.

t EfpuertaSii

" room-

tt
((
((
«i
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
««
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
<(
tt
tt

tt
tt
tt
tt
t(.

FROM FIGUEROA.

room for it), was conftantly, in the camp, in the (hips when
at anchor, and in all the voyage employed in the care of the
fick with a chearful countenance, fliewing very clearly how
fervent his difpofition was in charity j executing all the
offices of bleeding, &c. making their beds, aflifting them in
a good death, and laying them out after they were dead j
and, in ftiort, attending them till out of danger, or till their
interment ; but it was the divine will to call him to himfelf
on this occafion.— Happy death, indeed ! fmce it came at the
end of fuch good works, performed with fo much fweet-
nefs of difpofition, that his only hope muft have been to re-
ceive a reward in Heaven, for his meritorious works on
earth. He contemned the world as was fitting, fince, when
he happened to treat of the moft exalted perfons, who are
Kings, he ftiled them. Men brought up in delight Sy andadmi-
nijiered to by a great number ofJervantSyfrom whom if they were
taken, they wouid, without doubt, remain lejs powerful than
other men ; for not being taught to ufe their feet, their hands,
and the other parts of their body, but to live, the greateji part,
in a continued jlotb, they know better to command, than to la-
bour. He wore woollen next his fkin, with a habit reaching
to mid leg, with a long beard and hair; and this auftere
life, and in the fervice at hofpitals, he had fpent many years,
befides thofe which he had been a foldier in Chili.
** On Louis dp. Andrada's return, the chief pilot was fent
to the fame ifland with twenty men j many Indian embarka-
tions followed them, but he, leaving fix in the boat, landed
with the reft. The natives feeling * the ill treatment on
other occafions, received them with arrows and fhoutsj made
many wheels •f. They were Ihewn a fign of peace with a ;

>9?'

-f

* EfcarmentadoB.

t ; Bucltas. .

fmall

' .\

198 ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

fmall white flag, but they, without regarding, made more
wheels and fhouts. The chief pilot coming nearer, making
the famefignal. The way by which they pafTed was extremely
narrow, and very woody, and fo they began to (hower ar-
rows and (tones from all quarters. The captain ordered them
to difcharge two mulkets in the air, which aftoniflied them,
giving room for them to make a pufli into the town, in
which they found nothing but fome bundles of bifcuit, and
other orange-coloured roots, from whence they make a dye
of the fame colour. He followed the Indians who fled to the
hills, and coming to the top, difcovered a delightful plain,
exceedingly full of various fruit trees. They found there
many and largs branches of plantan, a quantity of coco-
nuts, and in a neighbouring houfe a large number of bif-
cuit [bundles]. They loaded them on their flioulders, and
in fight of one another (not to feparate); they embarked the
whole, without the Indians receiving any injury. Having
done this, he ordered the boat to follow them along fliore to
a certain place, where he went to cut palmitos. When he
arrived there, it was not to be feen all they could do, where-
upon they held a confultation, and it was agreed they fliould
go to the place where they had landed on the ifland. In a
little time, the fun being fet, they came to a place, where
fome rocks made a good breaft-work ; wherefore, and as
there was a canoe there, they advifed the chief pilot for the
whole to ftay there during the night, that one might be fent
in the canoe to give intelligence to the fhip of the ftate they
were in, that people might be fent in qucft of them. But
he did not follow this opinion, on account of fome in-
conveniencies attending it. They went on along fhore,
where the trees were very thick, which from the creation had
remained there untouched. They found amongft them fome

** large

<(
««
tt
<(
(I

((

(<
((
((
«(
((
«(

((
<(
(<
*t
t*
**
«
«(
f«
(t
«l
tt

«
((
It

4t
<(
<(
(<
((

((
((
it
It

((
(.(
((
((
((
((
tt
it
tt.
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt

FROM FIGUEROA.

large rocks, with (harp edges and points, almoft impofTible
to pafs in the day, much more in the night, and in the dark.
Sometimes they plumped into the water up to the knee, and
fometimes to their middle. They went along climbing over
trunks and rocks, and wandering from the fca and to hills.
It was pAfl midnight when they heard tvvomufkets, and prc-
fently two more : the foremoll of the company made hafte
to know the occafion of this, and found it was the boat,
which was arrived, having been detained by the contrary
winds, and obliged to go round the iiland. The people be-
ing embarked, they returned to the (liip, where they arrived
atday-br^ak, finding their friends ia the fame ftate of folici-
tude and apprehcnfion for their delay.

** This day the governefs mentioned to the pilots her intea-
tion: of failing from this ifland, in queft of that of St.
Christoval, to fee if they could find the almiranta there,
to do what farther fhould conduce to the fervice of God and
of his Majefty ; and in cafe of not meeting it, that her de-
termination was to go to the city of Manila, to bring
prielts and people to return to the fettlement and accomplifli-
ment of the difcovery j and for this (he intreated, perfuaded,
and commanded every one prefent, to give his opinion in
the form which he might think moft convenient. It was the
opinion of all to fail to the W. S. W. as far as was nece(rary
to get into the latitude of 1 1 deg. and that in cafe of not
finding the iiland, or the almiranta, to proceed to thePm-
LiPiNAs. This all of them gave under their hands; the
chief pilot engaging not to abandon the governefs, if, as (he
faid, (lie would return for the above-mentioned purpofe.
** In the evening the faid pilot went on board the galeota and
frigate, leaving them the nece(rary provifions * and water*,

* La harina.

**• together

J 99

SCO

ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

«<
((

4*
it
*t

((
€t

«(

it
€t
«(
((
((
If
«
€<
ft
€t
*t

tt
((
<(
(f
<<

together with inflrudlions for the voyage they were about (o
undertake. At night captain Don Diego de Veka, wit h
fome of his company, went afhore, and took up the Ade-
lentado's body, to carry in the frigate to Manila, not
chufing to confent in the capitana, in refpedt to fome
abufes *.

** The diftance from this bay to Manila is 900 leagues.
*' The three veflels failed from thence the 1 8th November of
the faid year, going in queft of the ifland of St. Christo-
val. Their tackle was fo bad, that in hoifling in the boat,
it broke thrice.

** The day they departed, and the following, they failed to the
W. S. W. obferving the fun, they made 1 1 deg. They then
looked out for land, but could not fee it-f*. The mate and four
other feamen fell ill j five or fix others, who remained well,
faid to the chief pilot. See, the Jhip is a wreck » full of Jick
people, in ivant of water and provifons, and that it was im-
plfflble to keep thefea with her. As this was the cafe, Quiros
told the governefs that they were in the latitude of 1 1 deg.
agreeable to the refolution, and that he had done what he
had been ordered. She replied, that fince they could not
fee the ifland St. Christoval, nor the almiranta, he (hould
purfue his route to Manila.

** The chief pilot made them, with the wind at S. E., fleer
N. N. W. to avoid the coaft of New-Guinea (which they
judged was very near), that they might not get amongft
iflands. Not confidering the ftate of the (hip, fhe had given
orders to go along the coaft of that land, to know what it
was, but they were not in a condition to do this. They

♦ Vole quiriendo confcntir en la capitana, refpeto de algunos abufos.
t EI»dia que partieron y el figuiente al oesfuduefte, pefddo cl fol, y hechas cucntas,
fe hallarou onze grades. ^ .

«* conti-

f K O fd FIGUEROA.

20t i

«<

«f

** continued failing in this courfe till the 27th of the faid
^ month, and got into 5 deg. This day was feen in the fea a
** large trunk, and a great drift of fmall branches from a river *,
*' with three almonds, like thofe they left at Gr agios a, much
grafs •!-, fnakes, and the winds from S. W. with fqualls, and
rain from that quarter p By thefe (igns they concluded
they were near New-Guinea. They began to have a great
fea from theN. W. which did the fliip much damage, and par-
ticularly when they had light winds or calms, a fign of thefe
** winds blowing on the other fide of the line. This continued
'* almoft to the Ladronb iflands. They alfo met with baffling
«« winds, without being ever fettled in any point till they got
" to 5 deg. N. when they had the trade wind from E. N. E. to
«« N. E. which continued the whole voyage, and if the fun had
« been as near the zenith as it was to the tropic of Capricorn, ,

" it is not known how they could have pafled the equinoctial.
Navigating till the loth December, they found the lati-
tude o deg. 30 min. approaching the line, where they found
themfelves, with a clear fky the wind died away, and the fea
fell, without feeing land §. It was fo cool in the night,
that it was neceffary to be covered with woollen cloth ; but
in the day the fun was fo hot, that it was fcarce above the
horizon when it became infufFerable."
** With an E. and E. N. E. wind, which they now got, they p.g^ 1, ^^
** continued their courfe N. N. W. and the Saturday following /• l j.
<» got fight of an ifland, in queft of which they went, with an
«« intention of feeking a port and provifions. But Quiros not

«<

««

■■^

• Un graude ilero dc rofuras de rio. '•=*'•. f i • ' .-'

t Muchas pajas. • " .'I y,^'
X £1 viento fuduefte con refregones, celages y agua^eros. '
t § Hallofe altura de medio grado por llegar a la linea parage en que fe hallaron
tftando claro el cield^ fofegado el ayre, y quieto el mar fin verfe tierra.

D d " thinking

' • • ..■*. . , - ■ ■ . .

>*■■
■1^:

t€

((

202" ADDITIONS AND ELUCIDATIONS

** thinking it proper to ftand in fhore in the night, ordered to> •
put the fhip about. The failors, exceflivcly jaded, faid it
was better to iland on, than to fatigue themfelves £o much.
One of the council propofed to ftand for a certain point, but
notwithftanding this conlradidiionQuiRos himfelf let go the
the fore fheet, and put the helm-a-iee, when the (hip came
" about. It appeared to be the a<St of fome guardian angel, for-
ifthefliip had not come about, it had been loft without fail,
as was prefently perceived. He perii(bed in what he did, and
faid, that fo far as they were, they knew the fea was clear,
and that farther on they did not know what they might fall
in with. - . t. '.;■'■

In the morning watch they put the fhip about again, and
at day break came to where they were'at night. A man, waa
ordered aloft, according to cuftom, and faid, that to the N. W.
was a great ledge of fhoals, of which he could not fee the end.
The wind was N. E. little of it, and on the beam*; the
fhip did not carry topfails to keep tcf windward. The ihoals
drew the current to them in fuch a manner, that the fliip*
came fo near, that it was thought fcarce poflible to efcapej
" it was on Chriftmas-day. At three in afternoon they doubled
** the fhoals almoft miraculoufly. From the iflands came out
** Indians in their embarkations, with fails, and without. As
they could not pafs the reei^ they got upon it ; from thence
they called with their hands. In the evening a fingle Indian,^
in a fmall canoe, came to the end of the ftioal j as he kept to
windward, and at a diftance, they could not tell if he had a
beard ; this being the fituation of the IJlands of Bearded.
People. He appeared to be a man of good ftature, naked,
with long hair, which he wore loofe. He pointed from

((

«(

((

Viento nordefte, y poco y travefia.

** whence

'-■*ik,

-i*("

((
t(
»<

t€
*i
tt
tt

Ttt
Mi
t€
*t
«

••*ii Oil* F-Fd: tr E R o A.^^ "

whence he came* and paf-ting fomething white witli his
hands, eat it, and lifted Up a coconut, as if he drank. They
called him, but he did not chufb to come. This ifland is in
full 6 deg, N. It is alinpfl: found j 30 leagues in circuit, and
not very higii. It has hiuch wood, and upon the fides of th6
hills much grafs irid plantations ♦. At 3 leagues on the W.
fide, are four low iflands, and many others clofe to it, all of
them furrounded With reefs. It appeared to be clearer on the S.
** They continued their cou'rfe N. N. W. and Monday, ift
January, we're iii the UtitUde of 14 deg. They (leered due
W. The wind wasYair apd frefli, and Wcdnefday, the 3d
of that month, at day-break, th6y had fight of two of the
Ladrone iflands, to which they were then bound -, the one
was Gu AN, the other SpRPANA."

aoj

i fl

) m

- ADDITIONS FROM F I G U E R O A,

To the Voyage of Pedro Fernandez de Quiros, 1606.

GOD Ka^ rfta^e men fo ufeful, read, " God has made P. 102,1 4
** men fo addidted'tb letters and arms, and fo expert in
*• every thing poliflied, beftowing on them, as is known, a
■* ^temperament fo well adapted.

«* It follows, that the like ought to be expedled from
•* thefe parts, at leaft that therfe is a good difpofition in country
<* and men for every thing which can be defired. Obferve that
«* the aw^^o-y^r^^ part is above 5000 leagues in longitude, and
«* in fome parts 70, 80, or more degrees in latitude j in fliort,
" that it is the 4th of the globe, which is to be difcovered.

" But leaving many other reafons which might be brought
5< as proof of what is affirmed, it is to be obferved, thu not onff

• Y por fus laderas muchas rofas y femcnteras*
Ddz

*« of

.f!;1

I s ■ t.

'I '.

204

ADDITIONS FROM ^FIGUEROA;

** of all the iflands Iiitherto difcovered in the wide ocean in al|
" the Teas of the world was inhabited, but defer t, and without
«» mtn to tread upon them*, except theLADRONES; thefe, it
<* is certainly known, form a chain which adjoins to Japan, at
*' fome fmall diftances from one another ; for in all the voyages
'* ipade in that quarter, from the Philipinas to New Spain,
" they have fallen in with iflands. For example, the Terce-
" R^s, the ifland of Madeiras, thofc of Cape de Verde,
'•^Rid others of the Atlantic, which being in the main ocean,
•* were found uninhabited : on the contrary, the Canary
" iflands being fituated in fight of the main land of Africa,
** were found with people, as is known.

•* Since thefe, notwithflianding their being fo near the lands
of Europe and Africa, wherein the knowledge of naviga-
gation is fo ancient, remained fo long unknown and were
" difcovered and peopled by accident; what can be faid of the
four now difcovered in fo wide and extenfive an ocean, inha-
bited by people fo ignorant, and all thofe of thefe parts as
•* much without art as them ? Not to mention the iflands of
•« the Mediterranean, and all the others which adjoin to the
** five provinces of Europe, Africa, Asia, New-Spain, and:
«' Peru, which being in fight, or near at hand, the inhabi-
•« tants entered.

" With this QoiRos fupported his prctenfions, but they
'« were not then complied with ; notwithfl:anding the viceroy,
«« Don Lowis de Velasco, heartily approved, he wanted the
** King's orders to give cfFedt to the enterprize. In fliort, he
** fent him to Spain, with letters to the King and minifters,
•* in which he ftrongly recomqaended the bufinefs."

«,Quelapilaflfc.

«(

t€

F IN I S.

£ R

FaJJhi/tr Mendmif rea J Mendznz,
Cannete, rtad Caiiete.

LIST of AUTHORS.

Lq^P^i'y^' t' emhada, read emhhiz.

si.B. All the Book: are in Felh, where net etherwifi ee^rejfti^

HIS^TORICAL COLLECTION.

F. 13 laft Line, Bartolem%.r/^Bartolem^.-

39 caret.

39 /. 17. acception, rM</ exception.

^2 — 17. X PJnge from Figueroa, read Figueroa.

45 — 17. Figueroa fays, &c. ta the Bottmof the Page, dele*

46 — I. IX. Dele.

iS.to end, Dele.

50 — 22. Dele.

51 i— I — 5.. Dele..

yide. pi 1 75» fir Figueroa's Relation.

52— 4^ pretenCons, r/<7i pretenllon.

After 10. Jdd In the above account of the Demarcaclon, I have not confined
Riyfelf merely to the Pope's Bull, but have included the fubfequent explanations and fti '
pulations ; the bull was granted upon Columbus's /<;/? voyage, it is dated May 4, 1493*
Puichas [Vol. I. p. 13, &c.] has inferted the bull in Latin and Englilh : the firji voy-
age of the Portuguefe to India by the Cape of Good Hope, was made by Vafco de
Gnma, in 1497. The Malucos were not difcovered till 151 1 ; and the Spaniards did
not viflt them till 152 1 ; fo that all the reports grounded on a fuppofed regulation of ■
Limits between the Spaniards and Portuguefe in the Eajl'lndics, arife from inatten-
tion to chronology.

Three commiilioners on the part of Spain, and a like number in behalf of Portu*
gal, met ^t TordefiUas, thofe for Spain were,

Don Enrique Enriquez, Mayor-domo mayor del Rey Catolico.

Don Gutierre de Cardenas, commendador mayor de Leon y fu contador mapr.

£1 Doctor Rodrigo Maldonado.

The Portuguefe commiilioners were,

Ruy de Sofa, Seiior de Sagre y Birenguel. >

Don Juah de Sofa, his fon, almotaccn mayor.

Licentiate Arias de Almada, Juez del defcmbargo.

On June 7, 1493, *^^y agreed, " that the line of Demareacien, (which the pope had
««- placed one hundred IcAgwes to the Weft of tne of the I/lands of Azorei, or Capeyerde),
*' ftould be removed two hundred and fevtnty leagues farther H'eji, from the IJlands of
** Cape Verde, and that from this meridian, all to the TVeJi fhould belong to Spain, and
•* from thence to the Eaft, Ihould belong to the navigation, conqueft, and diicovery of
•* the kings of Portugal j and that the mvigation by the jea of the King of Portugal^
b, •••Ihould

t ^;

' { *

{■■i

ERRATA.

*< {hould be free to the kiniga of CaAile, going a dirtil Courfe^ but tliat neither (hould
** fend to trade within the limits of the other."

I'his was put in writing} and coniiritoed on the 2d of July by the king of Spain }
and on the 27th of February by the king of Portugal.

In the council of pilots in 15241, upon the circumnavigation of the Vi£lory, it was
agreed, that the thrtt hundred and fevtnty\ea^ti^o\i\A. be reckoned from St. Antonio,
the moil weftern of the Cape de Verde Iflands, in which latitude they reckoned 370
leagues to be 22*. 9. and therefore they place the line of Dtmanation 22°. 9' W. a St.
Antonio or about 48° from Greenwich.

In 1529, the Spaniards empawned the trade and iflands of the Malucos to Portugal
for 350,000 ducats, without any time limited*

In 1548, the Cartts de Cajlilla offered to repay that money for^^r years profit of that
Trade^ and to leave it afterwards to the crownj but the empieror would not admit it.

P.sst " ■"

59 /. 12.
61 — 8.
12.

21.

laji line.

— 4-
U.
20.

J-

63 —Nate.

64 — X.

65 — 6.

66 — II.

69 — 2.

70 — II.
74 — 6. noU.
74

I
}

Cannete a Chriftoval» rtcid Caiiete por Chriftoval.
Mre, rtadW, '

Vide p. 185.

Vide p. 186. • ,

Do. • ■ ,.

Ont, readoxxt. _ . V,/.--

conformer, read conformah ':,
Vide p. 186. . „-^

D». ■

ad Lima, read a Lima.
— * netet I. I. Churchill fays S. W. — dele.

6. fteyado] ; and the S. 'E..—[XA\aAo], and at the S. E^

80 — * »»//, /. 2. Coreal, &c. — dele.

81 — 16, 17, 20. Malop", rwrf Malope.
84 — 5. D». reud D'.

86 — 13—19. Dele — Vide p. 186.

27 — to end. Dele — Vide p. 187. -

87 — I, /tf9. accomplices— Dele.

18— /»*»i/. Dele— Vide p. 189.
88—1 — 7. J^ele.
89 — I — 2. Dele.

^'
89 - - -

26.

'.^|,

90I — —

10— /0Ma.

93 — I— 10.

28— /« end.

94 — I —18.
97—19.

hogs, addi which they roaft whole upon pebbles,— Vide p. 193.
perch and live, read perch and breed.
Vide p. 1 93. I

The Indians, &c.— Dele Vide 193;

Dele.

Dele— Vide p. 200.

Dele. ♦

Dele — Vide p. 201.

Dele.

Galleg', read Gallcgo.

P. 98

f . 98 A 12*

ao# '♦

98 — 21.

99—9.
so.

101—25. -

102 — 4.

5. to end.
* «ff/^
s6.
103
104—4..

IS-

117-17.,
124 laji hney.
143 * «5<*.
145 CartU
Pajftm

147—1.
148—14.

23'

157 t 1.

159—25.
J&4 — 4.

19..

II.

176—15.

199— S»

errata;

and " to plough up, &c.'* rtad^ and as he £u4 " to go ploughing

up, &c."
compofes, rtad occafions.
a line incompalTing, rtad a line without breadth or thicknefii

encompauing.
begins, rW begin,
parallel, &c. to the weft, from a lower latitude to 90, riad pa* ■

rallel, from a lower latitude, looking to the weft, to 90^
part, rtad part9.
regor, rtad rigor^

reftro an poniente, rtad roftro al ponientCt
S. E, S, S. W. rwiS E, S, S W. .
God has made men fo ufeful.— Vide 202.
Dele.

to follow p. 204.
Seixcas, riad Seixas.
were fouls, rtad were, fouls. .
fchedules, rtad Ctdults.
*• to be placed after New-Guinea,
catched, rM</ caught,
and carried him, rtad to carry him».
min. deg. r^i mefes, dias. -^

Philip II. m</ Philip ni.'/"

Sena, rtad Sen*. - •.

S.E, S.S.E, W. andN.E. readStt SSE, WandNE*

Montes, rtad Monte.

and they, read and that they. "

fundada, rtad fundzdo.

fuertes rtad fuertes, .v'

had been, read have been. .

that, rtad that.

(Clubs, &c.] — — — II mtt. .

Note dele.

1568. This appears to be an Error of the Prefs in Figueroa for

1567.
from the fea and to the hills, read from the fca to the hills, and

from the hills to the kur

I
1: "m\

' ■■■ 'I

t ',.

•i M 'i ^'?

^Bw

Wd ilWIIf

mSmWi

'!*

S--

Vv,*.

HIJ

HISTORICAL COLLECTION

OF THE SEVERAL

VOYAGES AND

DISCOVERIES

IN THE

SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN.

•?,1/!

: 'J ■

ADVERTISEMENT.

Shortly will be publijloedt

A COLLECTION of VOYAGES and OBSERVATIONS

In the OCEAN between

SOUTH AMERICA and AFRICA.

CONTAINING,

Dr. HALLE Y's Voyage in 1 700, from the Original MSS,

M. BO U VET'S in 1738, from a MSS. Copy of the Original Journal.
A Regifter of Winds and Weather at the FALKLAND ISLANDS, &c.

Already Publi/hed,

h ■ '

A CHART of this OCEAN, with the TRACKS

X O F

H ALLEY AND BO U VET,

AND
A MEMOIR explanatory of the CHAR T.

«• ALSO

r 'mK' / ■"% MAP of the North Part of BORNEO, and the SOOLOO ARCHIPELACa

AND

A CHART of the Weft Coaft of PALAWAN.