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Th to Th po of fill Oi bfl th sii ot fir si< or Th sh Tl wl M dii er bfl "i re mi D Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplimentaires: This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 26X 30X 71 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed hare has bean reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library Division Provincial Archi/es of British Columbia L'axemplaira filmA fut reproduit grice A la ginArosit* da: Library Division Provincial Archives o< British Columbia The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in kr aping with the filming contract specifications. Les images suivantes ont At /^/;ntK luim'h iiptico. lu t)it' older rcfjioiis of tlu> world towu.s iiiul villiigos tako ix'iituries to reach a Htago, which ih acuonipliHlK^d by weHt- crn towns in a frw ymirs. There are Kcon^s of iil.ici's not only in GnKhmd, hut in oatttern Anicrioa that are ini- ; nuumnral.ly Ichind the towns of Koot- ■ enay in civilization though Ihoy have had hniidreds of years to gi-ow. The nioHS is too thick alik(! on their nH»f!i and on the ideas of their inhabitants. In the west all is diffei-eut, Hud though at first a S(ple. Fortniiiitely Nebion owes the section of its site to no blind chance. We are told that Rome was not built in a day, but history is silent as to the time oc- cupied over the choice of its site. It tk many days to ch(x>8e a suitable IMMiition for the capital of Kootenay, and it speaks well for the keen fore- sight of its locator, Mr. Gilbert Mal- colm Sproat, that every day and every fi-esh development proves the correct- ness of his choice. In the history of a neighboring town, Iready written and published in this stories, the writer assumes the role of prophet in addition to that of historian. He states that the town of which he writes is destined to be the largiwt in the interior of the Province of i?ritish Oolninbia. Unfortniiatoly we know nothing of the tricks of the prophet business, but in face of the fact that OorilMX), Cassiar, Okanogan, Eiist K(K>tenay and Big Bend am as yet un- developed, the statement would appear to l:i" somewhat rush. Doubtless the f)i"ophet will be quite i)n'))ared to back lis opinion with coin of the reidm, but life is short, British Ciilumbia is large, and the fxiture is long, so we must i-ontent oui-selves with stating tlie historical fact that Nelson was founded by Mr. Sproat in IKKH as the capital of Kootenay, it was named after the then lieutenant-governor of the PiT)vinc(\ and it has itnnuined the canitul evi^r siiuie. I No history of Nelson, or indeed of any part of British Columbia would be <'omplete without some notice of Mr. Sproat. He was lK)m in Scotland I and camo out to Vancouver Island many years ago in the service of the Andersons, the gn-at ship owners of ' Kustland. His mission wius conniTted ■ with the simply of timber, esixiciallv "sticks" f<>r t:>iis;s .ind yanls from the I famous foKists of the Pneiflc coast. , After leaving the service of Messrf. ; Andei-son Mr. Kproat became Indian commissioner for the Dominion gov- omuiont and also for some time repi-e- sentcd the Province in London as its j a);cnt -general. Always of a literai-y tuni, his letters to the London ! "Times" and other uapcrs materinllv aided in tnmiug public attention to this country at a time when cabinet ministers in England were searching maps of South America to discuss the whereabouts of British Columbia. FiTquently employed by the govem- niciit on various missions and latterly as gold commissioner of Kixttenav Mr. Sproat's fine presen<'e and handsome face are well known throughout the Province, while his herculean frame bears out the truth of the ninny stories of his prowcssi With which the countrv rings. As long ago as 1 8S4 Mr. Snroat had been sent up to Kootenay lake to report on the miuenils of the district the fame of which had itist reached Victoria. At that time tho f-locan as a mining countrv was unknown. Trail Creek was traversed only by the tran- ner who possibly had rich "gold ore for the floor of his lent without knowing it, the great Kootenav bonanza out- crop upon the top of Toad mountain had probflbly never been gazed up discoveries soon spread and natui-ally enough the first locality to yield no its secrets was the opposite shore of the lake whore Ainsworth now stands. This district was originally known as the Hot Springs camp, tak- ing its name from the chalybeate springs issuing from the hill side a few feet above tin- bench The Blue Bell deposit was described in the jour- nal of David Douglas as long ago as ISJji. Doughis was sent iml by a Scot- ti.sh six'iety on a seieiititic mission to the NorthwMst and iniiilcurally gave his name to the fauious tnc that is a chanieteristic of the Pacific coast. As it is i)OSsible that llu-.se linrs may fall in the wav of slningei-s unacquainted with the hoary legiuds of tlu> district then) may be soiiu^ ex<'nse for once mori^ n^citing how from the earliest times the Lidians and the hunters of the Hudson's Bay eoiupany used ac- tually to melt down the galena from the Blue Bell outciDp in order to mak(> their bullets The n-niains of an ancient fnrnas nior(> largely owing to iiu])nnei;;eiits in the m-oetiss (f separating the silver from the lead .vhieh creat(!S lioix's (hat such low graue ore may now Ve hundled pn)fltably. Galena ledges, snpiK)sed to be silver bearing, have liee.n discov<'nHl last year (18H;!) on the west side of the lake. Piiictical men who have I eeu sent to (examine the ri-giou g(!neiiilly, and have S5)ent several months in ex- ploring, have been siiti.silt«l with its pn)mising charjicter. Almost every- body who was (^mjdoyed at Kootenay loiie in ISSJl has what he ('onsidera to be a silver bearing galtina claim. Half a doz^n men nigard thi>m.selves already OS Oomsta«silile. There were two main routes of trade inio the louii- tr)'. One was from Missoula in Mon- taim tlirou^h tlie Tohaeeo iilains to Wild Horse creek on tlie npjM'r eounti-y, wlier<' tliere were rich jilacir claims. Tlie leiiKf}! of this trail was aliout im miles. The other was from Walla Walla and other places to Sand Holnt on Lake Peiid il"(Jreille in Idalio, to .losejih's Prairie or Wild Horse, a rtis- aiice of 1(1.") miles. Mr. SjU'oaf liimself oix'iied uj) the route to Nelson uii.the ( 'olumljia river to tlie monlli of the Kootcnay, where the hM'.ility is still known as Sjiroat's Landing and tlieucc by the old trail up the Kootenay river to Nelson. In order to understand tlie wisdom of Mr. Sproaf's selection of the site for his ca])ital it is necessary to under- stand somcthinK of tliP Kco^raphy of the country. Tlie AiTow lakes, which arc part of tlie Columliia river , lie alHiut StX) miles west of tl:e Rcwky mountains. Down tliese 'licautifnl lakes navigation is jMLssihle from Rev- elstokc on the north to Northixirt in the state of Washiiifftoii a distance of 2nO miles. Between the Aitow liuces and the R(K'kies, and parallel to liotji. lies the Kcnitenay lake embosomed in the Selkirk ranges wliieli rise in eraKRy iwaks tt. In early days this lake was called Flat Bow lake. Fnini tlie wt'st side of Kootcnay lake issn<'s its west arm or ontl(-t navigable for ao miles to where Nelson now stands. About a niUo be- low Nelson the outlet becomes a rapid riv(>r falling about .'ioO ftn^t in its JQur- iK-y of •>: miles to join the Columbia. Soutliwards from Nelson nseeiids a val- ley, known as ("'ottonw(K)d Sniitli crc("k, (tliongh the Smith is usually dropiH"d) whicli communicates bj* a low pass witli tli(" Salmon river the valley of which leads down to the fer- tile jilains of Washington and affortls facilities for communication with tlio (nitir(^ railway s.vst("iii of the United f'tates. In IHilii Mr. Oorbin, the presi- dent of tlie Sjiokane Falls & Northern railw.iv extended his line under the name of the Nelson & Fort Sheppard railway, by lliis route to Nelson. Be- fon^ this tlie Columbia & Kcxiti-nay railway liad Imilt their line in froiii Rotison on tlie Columbia river so that Nt^lson has the unique advantages of pi>rfeet water communication with all the magnificent iiiinenil country bordt^r- ing on the Kootenay lake including the towns of Balfour, Ka.slo, Ains- worth. Pilot Bay, Saiica, and last but not least Bonner's Ferry in the state of Idaho, a station on the main line of j the (ireat Northern railway. She has ! as we liave aln^ady s(>on direct mil i conimunicatioii witli Sixikane iuid i thence with the wliole of the United States. She has her raihvay to Rob- | son communicating with all the iiing- ' nificent waterways of the Columbia river on which the splt^ndid steamers of the Canadian Pacific railway trans- jKirt whole trains from t)ie main line of that great system, so that tlie giMxls reacli Nelson without Icing transferred. In addition to all tliis whicli one would almost di cm sufflciiiil to en.sure the prosperity of a town tlie Crow's Nest Pass line is now being pushed on with all iHi.ssilile speed to its terminus at Nelson and the Canary of the j great de])osit of silver bearing ore on Toad mountain. This was made in j 188« by Messrs. Hall and Oakes. ; Messrs. Hall and Oakes with two com- i panions named "White and Miller came ; in during the autumn to prospect for plac(>r gnmnd in the Salmon river. : Now altliongh Hall ercc^k and one or ■ two other tributaries of the Salmon river do actually h(>ad ujxin Toad , mountain thery is nothing within sev- ■ eral miles of their sources to attiiict ; placer miners and various theories ' liave been started to account for tlieir I presence on a mountain several thou- ■ sand feet above aiiy ground that th(\v I were searching for. That they lost ! their hoi-ses is a pl.aisible one and may j fairly be accepted. Anyhow on that ! trip tlie.v came across the outcrop of ' the Kootenay bonanza and took out ! with them a sample weighing about iiO I pounds. I In those days this district was iiiort" remote almost than the Kloiidyk(> is I now, so little was it visited that the '• Hall party did not (ivon take the I trouble to stake their claim. Had they ' done so, indeed, they would have had i to go to Donald to record it, a .iourney of some iiOO miles. They therefon' , trusted in the loneliness of the situa- I tion and literally left millions lying ! about on the top of a hill until they j might think it worth while to come back and stake it. The result of the assay of the sample they took out showed them that the thing was too go<¥i to lose, and e.irly in the spring of 1887 they came back and staked off four claims, the Silver King, the KcKit- enay Bonanza, the American Flag and theKohinfior. The fame of this discovery, whit^h by way of development, has in no wise diminished, was sufficient to attract some of that floating, shifting popula- tion that roams thronghout the mining regions of ilie northwest, and in 1SS7 there were some tlin e or four huni1ri«d peoi)le eaiiiix'd n|Kiii the laiilis of Ward en'ck a Htfle streamlet wliii'h runs through liie middle of tl;e town. This was the sta(.' of all'airs found by Mr. S|r room for the new line of railway connec-tiug the two railway station.s. The logs of which it was built are htill lying whero the w.^rk- men threw them, and they might easily le collected and put together somewhere else. Even now, the first house built in Neliion is something of a curiosity, and in years to come it will 1 e much prized. The second house was Hume's store alluded to further on, and the third was an hotel, also built of logs, erected by John F. \\'i\ri\ on what is now lot I, bUx'k 1, al present vac4int at the corner of Vernou and Ward streets. Some of the logs of which this house was built are still lying on the ground, Mr. Wanl also had a large tent which served as a boarding house. It stood near where Captain Fitzstubbs' garden now is on tlie government block. Mr. Ward gave his name to the creek and to the street which leads (more cxcitcinciif in till' fift.cM iSo lU'tiiiuM of iin t'v<'n- in\;. oic.' a iiiiM', those who jirc i)riv- ilt';{('(l to he a(i'iiitt>' the man himself who was tht^ ehief uctor in thttni. Between the hotel aud the Koverti- nieut oflire 'Jim' Gilker Hqueezerected oommodions bnni- ness pnmiitieH J. Frwl Hume, who re- presents the district in the Provincial pnrlianient, had a little lof< bnilt store. ThpiH> other prominent pioneers are stil) a'tiouK us, Messrs. R. E. Lemon, <>. A. Bigelow and A. J. Marks. The latter with Mr. Van Ness started the flnit pnnninent hotel in town which staudji today as the well known Nnlaou hotel. Mr Van Ness remained with Nelson nutil the msh to Rmslaiid in 180,5 when the uttnwttion of the Trail Creek c^amp was too strong for him and he went there and bnilt the War Eagle hotol. Mr. Marks contiuaed at his old stand nntil a few months ago when he sold ont to Mr. White, a new conior from Manitoba, Mr. Lemon gave np his btwiness as a merchrnt and storekeeper hist year and is now in bnsiness us u mining broker. Mr. Bigelow, who is a justice of the peoco, has also n'tirtsd from his original busi- ness as a storekeeper luid is wooing fortune in eastern Kootenay. As soon nn there wiut any business to be done in real estate the man was found to do it in tlie person of Mr. Harold Selous who cinie in in 188H. He had just re- tumeft from a trip down the Yufam, an almost unprecedented journey in those days. lir. Selons and his party wintered at the month of Forty Mile creek and suffered _ great privations from the lack of proper fotxi The first job he undertook was a contract to clear ont a gravel bank in the Kootenay river about a mile below Nelson. An Eusflish company which is still in ex- istence had large grsjnts of land in th(> upi)er vallcj's of the Columbia and Kootenay rivers, and it was thought that if the outlet of the K(K)tenav river could be enlarged, the company" limds along the river between the iutorua- tional boiuulary and the head of the lake could be freed from the annual inimndation which in the spring covers them with water to the depth of sev- eral feet. Accordingly a contract for tlu> work was let to Mr. Scions, but wlieth(!r th<> company erred in its cnl- cnlations or did not" reckon on all the factors, the work was practically use- less. The company has now abandoned the idea and is proceeding with its jilans bj means of vast dykes round the land, but lluse have not yet pi-oved sui-eessful eitli( r. The manager of rlie eo'up.iuy at lh:tt time was Mr. liaillie- (irohman who linis a Wia'ld v.ide ei'le- brity as a writer on simrt. He has now left this country and is li\ in;; in his ao'M'^tral castle in the Tyrol. Mr. (Ji' >r,;;e Aliwan.ler of Kaslo is the jire- .seat mana;j:er and it is to l:i- hojK'd that his etfiirts to liriii'.; this l.nid un- der .settleuieut will lie successful. In a ciaintry of mountains to which all vegetables and funn prtHluct have to be brought fnmi great distances, it is a pity that those thousands of at^res of splendid land cannot b<^ utilized. Canada is a larue conntrv and even now it is ex(*eniugly difficult to at- tract attention of the jtost office au- thorities. This department which broods over the land like some hnge monster kee]i8 its brain at Ottawa, ii.OOO miles away. In those days al- thongh there was a post office, kept, as it still is, by 'Jim' Gilker, Her Majestv's mails were left to gut them- selves into the oonntry and out of it the best w^ they oonld. They came down the Kootenay valley by pack train and then trusted to whkt craft they might find for their oouTeyance down the lake and river, some seventr miles to Nelson. For a long time this service was carried ont, gratnitooaly, by Dr. Hendrrx in his steamboat "Galena. " This old boat, the pioneer of the steam fleet on Kootenay lake, was snuk in Pilot Bay' daring the memorable gale of 1894. Only laat week she was towed aorass to Kaslo to have some necessary repairs made when it was found that she was too rotten to do anything to. She was ac- cordingly broken up and her engines, at one time the pride of the lake have been bought by a botdiog merchant Thus the first house and the first steamboat disappeared within a few days of each other. Her owner. Dr. Hendryx, though not much connected with Nelson was a notable figure in the opening up of the district, and the camp in which the Blue Bell is situ- ated is named after him. Dr. Hendryx bought the Blue Bell mine in 1884 and set himself to work with characteristic energy to develop it. The property, as is well known, contains a huge ledge of low grade ore and at present is shut down. Part of Dr. Hendryx's scheme was the erection of the smelter at Pilot Bay. but ho scvcnid his con neetlon with the comjmny before its c(nuplt!tion in 18!I4. His brother. Mr. A. B. Hendryx, who represented a wealthy syndicate of Americans, fin- ished the work and it was st^irtcd in March 1805, having cost fli-st and last, together with the Blue Bell mine some 1750, (KK). It ran with (x-casional stop- pages for aliout two years, but has since been shut down and the smelter itself has passed into the hands of the Messi-s. Braden Bros, of Helena, Mon- tana. The works consist of a 100 ton concentrator, four roasting furnaces and a water jacket bla«t furnace. It is understood that the new owners will increase the capacity before commcjuc- ing active oixjratious. The indulgence of the reader is cr.ixeil loi- the erratic eourst of this hiniorv. Instead of l^n plug to its one siiliji.!'! and iiiiK'eedin^ ui |ir>i|n t' i liron- iil(i){i<"l onler, it waiidi rs all over KiKilenay and nii.xes uiiyrsli rdny witli ti u years aKo in a niosl uns< i mindly m.inui r. lint it must t 'en )e allnwed ti) "liiiux its aiii Kiiit. " ll was niiiitioiii '1 just now, hinie We waiideii'd away to I'llut hay. Ilial .the mails were uiiei I'taiii in ih< old days. Then> was then no meiliiid of I attracting the attention of the (Mist I office people to the matter, but in IStM) ' a notable event cuTcun-ud. The Miner ; uewsiMiper was established by Messix ; Houston and Ink, the latter of whom still continues in journalisni as one of ' the proprietors of the Tribune. The Miner made its first Ihiw to the '. public on the it June, Ism), and justly i claims the position of the oldest paix'r I in Koot«)uay and the fii-st mining paiH'r ; In British Columbia. Its first numix'r I is exceedingly inten'sting luid is an ' historic docnnieut of no little value. It contains "A Short Hkeb'b of Nel- I son, ' ' giving the names of many of i the chief Imsiness people. Besides thoM we have already ineutiont^, in this first "Domesday Btwk" of the town we find E. H. To]>ping who after- wards became famous as the owner of tke town of Trail and now is exploiting the riches of Deer Park. Ho has xome- how picked np the title of "Colonel" in the transition, for which the n>ason ia not obrinos. On another page of the first number of this pi4ier there are notices of ' ' The Oldest Town on the Lake" and of I" Kootenay 's Youngest Metropolis." I The first of these of course was Aiiis- I worth, the site of which was pur- chased in 1883 by George J. Aiusworth , of Oakland, California. The youngest : mefeopolis was Sproat. This was the landing place on the Columbia river I from which the trail to Neimm started. ; Some of Nelson's merchants were lo- cated there, notably Messrs. Lemon, 1 Bigelow and Tectzel The little pliu* ; however soon ceased to exist and its inhabitants threw in their destinies i with Nelson. Under the heading of I ' ' Another Smelter for Kootemiy, ' ' the I smelting furnace at Golden is described I at length. This smelter was actually i blown in, but nothing cuiue of it and it is said that the charge was allowed to " f nseze np. " It can scarcely be said to have been more sut^cossfnl than its neighbor at K(!Volstolvi> which wiw nevi^r fi^^^d up at all. This latt< r build- ing was put t(K) near the Columbia river, Avhich year by year has devoured large slices of the sandy bluff on which it stands so that u vciir or two at most will see it engulftxl in the mighty stream. Dick Fry of Bonner's Ferry had lo- cated sever.il extensions of the Hall's Silver King group on Toiul mountain, but in 1890 the locations ran out by reason of his failure to do the assess- ment work, and th(! ground was promptly restaked by Mit:hael Kealcy ; who is very well known in Nelson to- day. The claims he staked were the ! 'Daisy,' the 'Yankee (iirl' and the '. ' Silver Bell. ' Meanwhile the Queen \J 4^ NHI.SON AND THF, WEST KOOTEXAV DISTRICT Victoria, ii ('()|)]M>r cliiiiii ou thi< north side (>f file river alMHit wvi'ii iiillcN te- luw the town, was IkhkIciI liy Sun l>'niiii-iMM) imrtii'H l'(ir ♦.Vi.noo ami al.o.it fwii tims wcri' siiit away to the Cali- fiiniia cMjiital for a mil) test. No w<>ii- iliT llifii' was a nisli I'nr silver l>r^|l«^l- lies us the ](ricT of the wliitr motul ihi'ii is (|ui)ti'(l at 1^1.04, leatl was ^.50 ami cojiiMT was :jiMl, (10 jmt Hmi |miiiih1s. At till' iiri'sciit film' crowds of (kmijiIi- tfo to Ward's ('rossiii({ to caiii)) on' r.iid tisli. Few if any cari' to tiiirl out the mraiiiiiK of the miiur. Hut Tom Ward is still with us and if he is on Hakcr strii't you will lie uMc to pick liim out from the crowd for hi' is the lallist unions many tall nu'U and if you vmu- not see him, you will soon hear him. His voice is mnrvelhuis and r'any have lieeii (ilad to hear its auswerinj; shout acniss the dark warters on a wiuter's ni>{lit at the fen-y. It was there that the old trail crossed the river and on tlie scaith liank Tom had an hotel where weary travelers c(aild llud i-cst and inward comfort for man and lieust. Altliiaiiih early in ninety Baker street l:e)fan to iiut itself into sha))e. there was a healthy frrowth of lirush in the roadway and the ^uleh throujih which Wai-d creek nnis was as yi't unliridned. A contract for this ww removed his mill to Ka.ilo where he has one of the (ini'si establishnu'iits in the dis- trict. Newland H(K)ver was. together with his neiKhbor aci-o.ss the water, T. CoUjiis. a pioneer in-ospector of the district. Abotit this time tlu^ bt^gin- niiiKS of the Nelson Sawmill company were laid by M. S. Davys, now super- intendent of the SilvfT kinj; mine and .John Tolson. At a sale of lots held in 1S!)0 at vvhicOi Mr. (liftiii was auc- tioneer and H. Serious took in the (Msh the sum of !!i!»,.">ir) was i-ealized for thirty-two lots, which thus averaj^od m^arlv #2!).") each. Amimx tlu^ names 1 of the buyei-s we find H. V. Rudd whose n<'nial face was for lon^f familiar to the public framiHl in the post ottice window. Mr. Kudd now enjoys an ; imiMirtant position in tlu^ sen-iet^ of ' the Hall Mines. At this iH^riiMl Mr. Tunstall was Kovernment ani-nt ftu- \ Kootcuay with a head oftii'i^ at R(>vel- sloke, or Farwell as the old town used to be called. Mr. Ward Spinks, judge of the county c(mrt. was the first jndi- ', r'ial dignitary to arrive in Nelson. He held his first criminal trial ou the 10th .July when Tom Brady was sentenced i to IS months hard labor for cutting and wounding Billy Gorman. The Nel.sou jail has alwii -s been celebrated for the freedom wi< i which ; prison(!rs ttx>k their leave w en they ! wei-e lirjHl of their sujonrn lierciii. | This nwid to Iw atti*ibnt«wl to the exe- crable nature of the cooking but there may have brcii other rea.sons. The first eseapi on the list, which cul- minated the other day in the Hight of the man WcmkIs, vho was biiaight back convicted of niuvder and hang<-d, was ;itlemp|cd by this niai< Brady. He was hotly imi-sued by Mr. (Hftln aided by Harold Selous. The fonner tired a shot at the fugitive which had till' ert'ect of sto])ping him and he was siM'ere-enil)tions adjoining the town proper, and thus we have the Hixivr addition which is now one of the ch>ef residential dis- tricts ami the Hume addition in which lets are selling readily at moderate prices, and Bogus town. This latter in which, umler the mish'uding title of "Nelson ("itv, " lots wert^ sold to stningers, ixicupies a sph'iidid site on -Andeixon's iKiint. There thi' ovvnei-s built a tine wharf which made an ^^x- ceilent bathing place, but was never u.sed for anytliing els(>, and fell a victim to th(^'tI(XKl of IKiM. Tlie t<(rm- iuus of the Nelson & Fort .Shei)i)ard railway is situated in Bogus town wli'ch i-eally deserves a better name. Had itsowut'rs chosen a irasonable name for it instead of attempting to 'jumji" tlu' title of Nelson proper, it would probably have paid them lictter. There IS a I crtaii) kind of sharpness that is not goisl business. In this same year (ISSM)) the railway froi I liobson was making active pro- gr("ss toward Nelson and iii the spring of IKitl the first regular train ran I'lrough. At the .same time the sieanier "Nelson" was built and launclied by the (.'olumbia & Kootenay Navigation (^<. She is as gcKnl tmlay as when she was built and has jUiiyed a very iiujiortant part in tlu> develop- ment of the eovtutry. The company which owned her, of which Mr. J. A. Mara was pit'.-ident, has always b(H'n ready to supply and demand that has sinning up fiom tinu^ to time for in- creased transportatiim facilities on the givat inland water systems of British (Columbia. Tlu'ir maf,niflcent boats 'Niiku.sp' and 'K their lU't (>f incorjHinition were: J. A. (lilker, J. F. Hume, C. H. Ink, W. F. Tcetzel, M. D. Maliony, W. J. Wilson i-nd F. S. Barnard, and it speaks wt"ll for their teetotal habits that they paraded themselves befoii' the world as iMnng I so fond of cowsuming watir that they j wantc^d a whole cimipany to them- Hclves. I In the same year tlie Ni^lsoii Klectric Light company was started, but did ; nothing until last year when a system of house lighting was installed. Though a gl-eat convenience it is quite : inadetpiato to its work, tin town hav- ing grown consideiiiV)ly siium its in- I staHatiou The year ISOl saw also the I fin'niation of a fiiv comimny. and oih'ii- ing of tolophonic communication be- 1 twfu'ii viiricms points on the lake. There I wits a publi(^ school in Nelson i hen in j charge of Miss Rath, and ('aptuin Najioleon Pitzstubbs re]n'(!sented the government as tlitnr agent and gold commissioner. Theii> were thre« churches, iHi English church under the Rev. Mr. Reid, a Pi-esbyterian chui-cli under tlie Rev. Mr. Rogers and a Methodist church undin- the Rev. Mr. Turner. The Urst bank was a j bran;Oi of the Bank of Montn>al wliieli vvas oiK'ned JJud Januaiy, IH!)3. Mr. A. ! H. Bnehanun, the pn^sent manager, had come in bj* way of Spokane a few da.\s bef'ire on snowshoes, bringing with hiiu the enormous cajiital of ill.oO i with which to start a branch of the I largi^st bank in America. Tixlay when ' we see po.ulerons safes requiring many men and liorseH to move them a f('w yards, and lingo ledger" piled up ou rows of desks it is wondi>rful lo think ; of that one miMi coming in on snow- ; idices with just n handful of change in hi jxy^ket, but he did it and laid the i foundation of the largi? business the ! bank d.jes now. In March of the same j year the Bank of British Columbia i opened u branch under the manage- j meut of Mr. A. F. Daly, who was succeeded by Mr. G. V. Holt whose I ability r«id popularity lias built up for ' his bank n business which will go far ! to make np for its losses ' on the other side, ' Another of those old time ftuiincial men was Mr. Edwiu-d Auple- whaite, who it still hero, when lie is not on one of his fi-equuiit business NELSON AM) THK WKST KOOTKNAV PISTRK T tripH to the old (•(miitrjir. Mckhi-s. Ai>pI*>whiiU>* & AUiiti <-an'i(>eiiinseh hotel (now the Clurke hoiue) wiu* iiltto built utxmt this time. The Hudson's Buy eoiiiimny oiH'iied a stont in \Hi)2 in the Huiiie building in which it is now and in the pn'vious year Carney & Barrett o)itMu>d a butcher's shop. Allnirt Barrett after- wards went to Kossluiid wlu^re he has made u (considerable unionnt of money in ininiiiK. W. F. Teetzel also tnins- f(«n'ed himself from Revelsfoke to Nel- Mon in the same year. ■Mwut this time also 'The Miner' was sold by its fonnders to Messrs. Bo^le & Wluilley, the latter of whom is still connected with si'venil business enterprises in t\w city and also con- ducts an im]x>rtaiit departiiieiit in the Hall Mines. Mr. Bogle became after- wards idoutifled with various bnddiii){ newsnuper entenjrises in the district and latterly took to luiniii); and hiiH, it is r«ix)rted out at one blow. They soon l-ecoveivd and again w<'iit to work with a will. It is pleasant heif to 1m' able to rcconl of those in this uphill claim, British and Americans worked side by side, showing iiide(>d that they are members of the same family and iiilieritors of the pluck and endurance which have fo'- centuries been the characteristic of the parent ra(». NELSON 'H MINKS. First and foifiiiost nattinilly comes the Silver King. Tlioiigli us we have aln-ady related it is not the oldest in the district, it was from its tli-st start more widely known than any other and was undonbtedly the first flash that uttracl(Ml the eyes of the world to this country. The story of its (>arly history has been told aliont in those pages. In IHlKt Mr. H, E. ('roasdaile who is now the genenil manager of the company, succeeded in floating u company in England to jnin-huse and work the pniperty. Thd in Loudon that year. The plucky indi- viduals who put their money into the wiheine have had no cause to rrgret it. For some time the new company de- voted itself almost entirely to develop- ment work making extensive use of prosiH'cting drills run by (H)mpressed air. By their aid the ground was sar- veyed ti) a depth of some 1,000 feet be- low the surface and most sr.tisfactory pi*oofs affoi-dtnl of the continuity aud richness of the ore. Acting upon this information an active jxilicy was en- tered uixm in 1895, and almost simnl- tiuieonsl.v a change of managers was made. Mr. M. S. Davys, well known thnraghout the Province and a pioneer of Nelson taking the place of Mr. J. J. Jordan. Mr. Davys, if we mistake not, originally hml an assay outfit in that little log cabin which was the first in Nelson. The first question that an)se upon the imagination of the new policy was transport, and upon this, in a measure the site of the com- pany's smelter depended, because it could only be at that spot to which the ore (X)uld be brought. After many tri>'ls aud suggestions a wire roix> tramway known as the Hallidie system and manufactured by the California Wire Works Co. of San Francisco was decided upon and Mr. Parsons, the superintendent of the company came in to supervise the erection of the plant. In passing it moy be mentioned that the Mr. Hallidie who gave his nam,' to the system was not unknown to the Province, as it was he who built the famous suspension bridge across the Fruser on the old Coriboo roiul. The difficulties Mr. Parsons had to contend with were by no means liglii. The survi'v for ihi' Iniiiiway showed the distaiiir to be My miles anil tlie height i>f llir iniiii' above tin smeller site I.SOO feet ( "nw-iiliif its liiii Wiis the (iiiiyoii of (iivi'oiit en ek lien 'iiiids of ore each hauling almig a dislaiiee of almost a mile in sluev descent was more than onliiiary iron coulil stand, so the trmiiway was eventually cut in two with a loading station half way down. .Kince then it has worked witli entire satisfaction bringing down alxiut ten tons an hour with ease. During the autumn of IKll.") the smelter was (>rect('d under the suix"rvisioii of Mr. Paul Johnson, a "suitclter man" of givat reimtation. He has left the ser- vice of |li(. Hall Mines now, but the reputation he carrie* with him to his new home in Mexico ciinnot but 1h' vastly iucreaseil by the smcess with which he built and woiked the Nelson smelter. The first furmuMc which was an in-diiiary waiter ja<'ket niad<' by Frascr and ('halmei-s was blown in in January IHOli and with oicasioiiiil in- ten'als worki'd until I Ik- eii'ctioii oi' its elioniious neighbor completed some weel.n ago. This, which is also a water jacket, is the largest in I he northwest, it indeed not in the world. lis cnicible measnivs 144 inches by .")4 and it can put thrcmgh some !J50 tons of oir a day besides coke and lime and other flux- ings. At first the company was satis- fied with turning out matte, contain- ing some 4H or 4!) iht cent, of copixr and silver, but during the past suiunier it put up a refinery consisting of ii^- verbatory aud roasting furnaces whi(Oi produce 'blister' copjxjr containing IIS per cent, of copper besides gold and silver. The first train lixul of this pitxiuct was re('l until iiii mil' I.iihwk vs In it it illiU. Tci cIisiTiIk' (Veil til' lil.'Inry iif till' iliM'iiviry III' I'Vi'ii till in'iiicipiil I'lallllH III tlllH Mist tVIK'l lit' hlllll Wlllll'l l't'i|lill'i' vitliinii s iiikI tliiiim-h till whole of It IH liiliutiiry In Nrlsmi. \\r luiiHt nilltllii' iiiii'M'lvrs til nil iii'i'iiiiiil iif one or twii of till lii'*ti r kiiiiwii iiiiiirs (tlow to till' rity. 'till' iiliU'Mt of thi'HC IH |)|-ol>iilily Chi' PiKiniiilll. It IH Hllllillrit nil rJiiKii crri'iv nil iillliiiiil of thi' Koiiliiiiiy rivi r llliiilil limi' liiiIrK l.rlow NiImiII. In 1^'.MI tins pinlHTty WllK ilWIlill liy All'SSI'S, llllSHiy 1111(1 IJllM'll|Kll'l lllll Hiiiiu' two or llini' yriirs ii^o piissi'il iii- tiri'ly into tlir hiiiiils ot tlii' latlir. Till' i'Imiih iiii'l Its iirlKhlHii-s i niiliiili n villi of tier lllllllllK Kolll nil inr till' ri'iliii'I'oii ot which a Iru slniii|i null was rri'i'li'il si'M I'll! yrai's api and Ii.ih 1h Til riinniii); i'mt siiici' iliirui;; Hiich sraniiis of I III' yrar as tliriT was silltlci- cnt wati'r in tlir fifrk to driM' tlii! null. In aililituni to thi' siani|is four J- rnr vaiincrs wi'i'c I'liiployi'il m cnii- criilniti' till' tailiilKS. 1 hi' iiiiiii' licuiK [ii'ivati' prii))i riy. Us priHlmi has al ways I.I I'll II inattiT III I'onjrctnrr, lait thai suiili' of Its stone is e.Mreiiiely rii-n there IS no ilonlit whiilever. l''iillowin)i the example of iiii.ny U'.ss worthy elainis the I'lHirinaii has ifi-ently lie- I'oiiie an iiii'or|Hirati'it loiiipaiiy. Hi twien the i'onriiian anil llie Forty Nine ereeU are many elaims with leiliJiN showing free milliiiK >::iilil. not - alily the Koyal (aiiadiaii ami ilie Ma- jestic, while the saniiiles ironi Forty iS'iie cit'cK itself easily account for the rich mM that is found in tlui lied of the slreain. Close aliove Nelson is the AlliahiMea upon which a force of iiicii is now at work. '1 he compiiny ownes tour claims of liich the Atlialiasca is the one on which deM'lopinent is now I.e- lii^i made. Three instinct li'il(ii'S run through the ])roprrty, upon one of which a shaft has lieeii sunk for HHI feel. pa.ssin>{ thvoUKll ore all the way. At till' liotloni drifting has cominenecd on the vein, t-tivcnil carloails of ore have been sent down to the Hall Mini's snielli'i'. and the rctiiriis nin frnin ijii.i to 5i|(p() to the ton. The leiljies UH' (luart-/, carrying sulphides. This iirop- erty originally liclonned to Mr. (leorni' Ncelamls who has scvenil other claiiiis ill the neiKlil'orhiHxl. On iKitli sides (Tiveout crceii is cov- ered with claims having rich outcn)])s. and K"i"K southward the ciuiiilry is still rich. On almost the last lull vis- ible from Nel.son the huildinjts of tlu" (ioldeii KiiiK are to l,i« seen. Heyiind that an'iin commences the [miIhiou river vall(\v where is North Fork, C^uarr/. Creek, Wild Horse and others, not the least lieiii({ its most norlherli' trilmlan- Hall crei^k which has its source on Toad mouiituin .iust at the buck of the t-^ilver KiiiK (irimp of eluiuis. On hall creek is the Jf'eru iiiiw! at which a ten stamp mill is now ill coui'se of erection. A larn*' aiiiimiit of develojiment work has been done at the Fern disclosing a t'lie ledffe wliieh is said to iLssay Iiicii in fi'i I' K'lhl' This claim wiis oriKiimHy llie pmiierty of Mr. Frank Fletcher, till land av(i III of tin ramidian I'acilic railway at Nelson. It niinlly passed out of his possi ssioii into tliiit of a IiihIv of capitalists nprisinted by Mr. F. i'. Illlii s of Vaiicoi'ver by whom it has 111 ell tnriiid into a joint sliH'k ciimpaiiy. With the exception of the Silver Kiiit.', llie oil' of which contains silver, I'oppei' and K'lld. the district ininiedi- alely round Nelson alfoids no silver. ('o,.)ii'r and xoM are liberally sprinkled on al! sides, aiin without for a moment intruding iipnu the pniphetic function, it may I e said that the district will be a pindueer of |.'nld fiiiin free nulling ipiiirt'/. and of cop|H'r. THI': LAST FOITR YKAUS. For II time after the fall in silver, which bi' the way is n'(,'iirded in this eoiintrv as an event of almost more imiKirtaiiee than the fall of Adi.ni, the town sIoikI still, ill s,iiti' of the fact that Mr. ( 'orbin suceeeded in pnshuiK his railway in from Spokane. That he shniild have continued this work ami carried it to a successfiil conclu- sion just at this jioiiit shows not only that lie had cniiHdelice ill the future of the cimnti-j' but lliat he had the pluck to bacK his oidiiions. The Nel- son & Fort tihcppard railway was com- pleted to Five Mile Foiiit iiv the win- ter of '!):i-!M, bnt many were the mis- ' liaiis that It had to contend with ! bel'oii' it reached the fine working I order in which it is now. The couii- j try thronKli which its tracks lay after | leaviiiK Norlhport in Wash iiijf ton was I an e.\ceediiiKly difHeulf one, and lioods, j mud '•' I's, and snow .slides did all I they could to obliterate inan's liandi- ' work fi'oin tli,) face of nnture. Hut the jieoiile of KiMitenay thoii);h often iletaiiied for hours or even days on their journey sihiii forj^ot their troubles in the joy of having a railway that was oiK'ii to them summer and winter, for until last year the trains lietwecii Robson and Nel.son run oiilv in the suinmei'. If sntticieiit time liad been taken over the construction of the rail- way to cnsnii! its imiinmity from th, se accidents, it wonld barely have been lieiv yet, but as it is the defects have been remedied one by one, the line liius been extended from Five Mile Point to the very pites of Nelson where it stoiipcd only Iwcausc further advance would have euc'roiiclnil on a charter of the C. P. R. The two lines are now however lieiii); joined and it is stated that a modus vivendi had been found by which the people of Nelson will enjoy the advaiitaf[i)s of ti station in a ce.iitnil ptisitiim into which both lines will nin. The Nel- son & Fort Slii'i)purd riiilway has also established a teleftniph offlce in Nelson, connected with the Western Union system in the United States which is of the (ii-eatest sei^'ice. To describe iniimtely all the events that have liap])ened during' the past fimr yeiu-s wonld rwiuire a volniuo and theiv is no riMiiii for them in this sketch, bwt there are inauy deservinK of mention who sttick to the little place dnriiiK those bad times wlien the face III' a viHiior was uiisi en diiriiiK the winter months. Anion); thi.se {and liny have all wiallniid tlinniKh the dark, black years and are iiiriiiiiK the l-i'Wmil of their slrudfaslness) IS .liicob Tom r, ji wilier and watch- maker. Fr.iiii i|iiile sriiiiU ipiarli rs in the Houston blo.'k he has miiM'd into a capacifUis and lii.iidsniiie stnre in ill" tlrst bri'k building in Nrlsmi i reeled only last year by Sli ssrs. t'liineiits and Hillyer. 'His iiciKlibor in the same biiildiiiK is Mr, .loliii .\. Turner whose failure at the recent mayonilty elee- tioii is niueli rcjir'tled liy his many friends. Other fiimiliar names that iK'cur to one as Nelsmi"s old timers aii' A. ;-haw and tlilbirt Sialiliy who siile by Hide with .liimes Nielands deal in jrriK'i'vies. slationcrv and tobacco. To Mr. Stanley until unite i-eecntly Nel.snii liKiked exeliisivi ly for its read- inn imilter. A. T. (iarlaiid and Fred Irvine still attract the fair sex to their displays of (Inery that jjladdcn the fe- male heart, wliih- just across the bridge May kee|)s the beard and hair of man in di nt oiiler. A little fnrtlnr on Farley and Travis, once partnei-s, still side by side, jirovide ){vo! rrii's and meat lo a hungry public. Skipiiiiiff over '.Tim' (iilkir Who as pixtmastcr and store!cce]M'r (sales- man too tor that matter) is as pipnlar as ever. Mr. i-'iiuii-i' still clotlus his patrons with siutable fjarments in the latest styles while they can lliid all the flM)t^^ car they want at (Jraham's For year- two bariwrs were all that Xi Isoii wanti d and peo])le who wen not satio- th"l with May could ki> t" Mathe.smrs. but now there hit others These w^cri' the sturdy jiimii crs of the tradi rs of Nelson, nil n who never Inst ho|)e and stuck to their husine.sses all tliron);h those dii'iir.v yeaix Naturally they were the first to feel the benellt wlieii the revived caiii',' and other old timers will not forget them now or allow the iiieniorics of mntual help to fade away. A straiiKer hearing Nel.son men talk of events of I line or four yearn iiKO iiiiKlit 1 ('({ill to wonder if they hurt not suddenly seen somi' passeii({ei*s on Noah's famous ark. livents ate siiokeii of as hapiK'niiiff before or after tlie Hood. In eominon ]iarlanee the events rcfeii'i'd to by this name ik'- curred some 4,0(10 years a({o and if it did iiolliiiiK *'!'<<' '>'■''< supplied the most ))opular imrseiy toy thiit ever existed. But in Nelson and tlirou»;hout British l.'ohiinhia we had a floixl >.f our own in IK04 that will live in men's memories for many a day. During the previous winter the snow fall hail been unnsu- ally heavy iiud spriiiji opened with a ! nish of ftms baliuy weatlier that por- i tended trouble. It kimhi came. S])riu({ ' continued without a break and quickly I became enrly snmmer, without any bii'iik at all, so that by the •.'•Itli of May the lake had risen '■■ i great a height an iiuy had pi-ev' .,r jtiiowu '. it ami it wiwi still coining it ennie l)a<'k for over thf ' niontliM Many of the trestles along tlie line weru atlnat and part of the a|i]iroaehes to the Slo- ean bridge went out. On the iird of JiuH' a treinendons stonn of wind, thuMder and niin Imixt over the entire eountrj-. The wind was a hot one i-e- eallinK the "hriekfh'lders" of Adelaide to old Australians. This simply cut up the renutiniuK snow and sent it hnrtliiiK down the (fornes alnmdv in hi(fh fliKHl. The result was that where- ever « railway trestle or other hrldue e'v -sed the cii'ek, it wiu« washed out '.. V es wei-e f\\\int in every direction ai'iiMS all the teh'fjniph winm an.l Nel- son was entin'ly ent off from any sort of eonininniration with the (mtside for two weeks. The main line of the C'. P. R. wiu* destroyed in Hpv<>nil places and whole train IimuIs of {ttHtjile ^veIt^ stalled at North Bend, Revelstoki>, Banff aiul other {joints. Thei-e thoy remained for three weeks. The worst of the stfuin was felt at Kaslo. Tin- lower jiart of the town was aln^adv sul)merj!(>d in the flood and the vioh^nt sea sent sweeping np 50 or (in miles from the extnune Ronthern trntX of the lake, kncK'ked all the houses it could reach into nnitchwiKxl. In addition to to this the river, swollen with the snddenly melt«>d snows fnnu the mown- taiiiH of th«^ Sl (toM'rn- meiit who is well known in Victoria. A notable featuiT of tlii' (growth of Nelson are its I'lmrches. of which there are now four, all t(Hi small for their eiiUKrejiatiims The KukIisIi chinvh services have hitherto )>ren hi Id in an uiisuitalile fnime buililiiiK. but now additiiimil la?id has been procured and a pro|M'r ehureh built of stone is shortly to Im' erected. This improve- ment is due to the energies of fhe vicar the Rev. H. S. Akehurst. The other clergymen in Nelson at present ail- the F.cv. ' re Monlen (Metho- dist) and the i Lcaiis Poitnis ( Roman ( alliolic. I fhe Pn'sbvterian church being at present without a minister. Though .• inetlju ■•• gruuihliujts are heard at e ways of the railways themselves, iuiImkIx Ims iiiiytliing but praise for Nelson's two siation mas- ters. A man i'..iy '. se ba^'gage, or be over cl'arged tir freight or may have his goods dehiyeil for an exceisive time on t'le \va,\ and go down to the station, fi"nuiiig at fli" mouth, to see aliait it. Blo'id !■< in his eye and the sentences and thiiats he pi-eimn on the way down would move mountains. He comes back ijuiet and subdued and happv. A civil answer turiiedi away I wrath. And that is how they do it, these two men wV >se names are .Tolin Hamilton of the C. P. R and Tackle- ! bury of the Nelson & Tori Sheppaiil. ; This year the ('. P. R. has made KiKit- enay into a distrii^t or division what- ever the proin'r term nny be with Mr. H, E, Reasley as sui)i>rintendcnt. Ill ISWi the' IxKim at Tniil Creek and the sleadv outnut of ore from thi^ Slo- , can began to draw the attention of the i world to KiK)tenay. The ])n>si)ect of i the immediate cimstmction of the 1 Crow's Ne.st Pas:) line to Nelson con- centrated that attention on the capital. \ Her mines art; no richer, and no new I ones have lieen oixmed since then but i Nelson has grown and iiicreas«-d mar- ; velously. The ntitson is not far to ! seek. Kvery tie laid, and every sjiike ! driven bring all the mines of KiMiteiiay ' nearer to Nelson's markets. It is the I old story that has been going on all : over the world ever since the inven- tion of railways. Inci-eased ftusilities i of commtuiication mean centralization ! and Nelson is the central point, the I Rome of Kootenay, to which all roads load. The first noticeable effect was ' the demitad for g(x>d business lots on J Baker stTt '^t accentuated by the pnr- ■ chase of a lot by the Lawrence Hard- ] ware Co. and the erection thei-eou of a ; capacious store. Almost next dixir the I Thomson Stationary Co. put np a 1 building with two stores m it. They ' attempted to squeeze themselves into i ouo at first but now have been obliged i to oust their teuanta, tear down the ] partition and make one large st jre of i it. On the vacant lot next to tiiom on I the east John Johnson of tli'; Silver ; King hotel built a capacious st,)re with I rooms over it forming part of his I hotel. The store is now orc:uriied by Hyde & Titsw jrth, •dealei'J '.n fmit iiml gn-i'iigrocery. The empty spine on llie other side of the .Silver King dill MO' rrmiiin loiu xaeaiit. .\. ('. I'lii'liauan who eaim in fi-mii Vernon ium|K'd in and built a slure in wliiih lie illSiM'lisiw groi'iriis ,lusl opposite a great ehaiige has taken pliire. 'I'lieii' usril III be thne lillle stniis all by ihemselveH in that bli e'i. Mi', (iinrge Nerlailds to whom they lirlniiged has now pulled them down and Imilt up a line building on the site. Hut it is at each end of this block that the most imiMirlaiit elianges are liiiig iiii.de. At the west end. o|)posile the Hank of Miiiili'eal, Mr. .lolin lOlliot has put up a Hue brick building. 'I'lie ground floor is iM-i-upied by two line ston'S. The corner one has lui ii lalxiii by the Canadian D.'ug & Book Co.. and the adjoining one b> Mi. .\. Ki .'land who is ail old tiller in Bntisli ('olnmbia, having followed the enii- ' .'uctinn of the C. P. H. westward fr.mi Calgary. Next to Ibis building Mr. Mara is erecting auotlier brick blix'k whieli. judging from the progres.-i so far made' will If the handsoiiii Hi building in town .\t the east end of the bliH-k, E. Tnives is building an enormous wiKxleii stnieture, wliieli with the large hotel being biii;t by J. Kii'd lluiiie al fh(> nnrtheasi corner of the same liliK'lv gi\e Ward sti-eei ijiiile an im])osing appearance. Diiigoiially op- iiisile to Mr. Hume's lioli 1. ihe (iiiiiid C("nlral hotel is just tiiii'y Mr. Mc- Killop tzel, (rilker, Hillyer and Malouo, aldermen. Since their election they have built a new bridge across Bakiir street gnlly and have extended the sidewalks in nniny directions. The.v hwi) purchased the old water works for $r),(KM) and are now bringing iu water from Anderson creek to a new resen-oir at a much greater height than the old one. To do this they have raised a loan of #i)(), 000 bearing five ix'r cent, interest at OK, a pretty good evidence of the solidity of the town. No douV)t many people on reading tluwe lines will notice various on the laud, but in the meantime Sl)roat came along and declared that the land was covered by a government reserve, and that Bunting had no right to take it up. It was claimed that it was within the Ainsworth rail- way reserve, and although the com- ]>any's charter had expired, the reserve had not been lifted. Having knocked Bunting out of the land, all other in- tending pre-emptors were kept out by staking the Bunting pre-emption as u government towusite rcsei-ve. That this was done without the knowledge of th(' department at Victoria is rather w<^ll known. Hany Anderson, who was mining recorder and constable for tli(! district, made a hication to the east of the Bunting gnnind, which was the first land surveyed iu this neigh- borhmxl. The survey was made by O. W. Busk, of Balfotir, and iu run- ning the lines he canu> across a stake, marked "Ooveruuient Resoi-ve, " with- in the tonndaries of the laud that Anderson claimed. Busk made this reserve his boundary line, but iu filing his field notes iu the lands aud works department at Victoria, rofei-ence therein to this "i-esei-ve" called forth much surprise from the officials, who said that they had no knowledge of any sitch r(^sen(? having been made. As Bunting was still clalmiug the pre- sent towusite of Nelsou when Ander- son tfxjk up his laud, it always puzzled old timers to understand why the re- sciTe crowded Biuiting out, but could not crowd out Anderson. » « « When the place got big enotigh to snpiwrt a nanu', Harry Anderson, the mining recoi-der, called it Salisbniy. By this name it was known for some time before Gilbert Malcolm Sproat came iu to establish "his" capital. In records of mineral claims they were described a.s being so far from Kalis- bury. When Spitjat got dowu here he did not pull v(>ry well with Auderson, and he comimiieed to undo what the recorder had done before his arrival. Among other things he decided to re- name the place, wliich ho did, calling it Stanley. Both meu were bull- headed, and for a time the town was officially designated as Salisbury by the mining recorder, and Stanley by the gold commissioner. This feutl be- tween the two officials was carried on continuously, aud n'stdted in th;i gold commissioner being let out in the win- ter of 1888-9. Sproat was succeeded as gold commissioner by G. C. Tunstall, who came down the Coltmibia in Julv , 1889. The town was called both Salis- bury aud Stanley for some time, until applicaticm was finally made by the residents for the establishment of a post office. In this application the pliwe was called Stanley, aud as there was already a post office of that name in Cariboo, the name of the place was changed to Nelsou, in honor of Hugh Nelsou, at that time lietiteuaut-Kov- emor of the province. » * * The Miuls(m was fouiir Hall aud their sons, aud Billy ; White, Bill MiUer, one of the Oakes family aud an Indian wen; prospecting along the Salmcm river, and its tribu- I taries iu 1886. Hall creek, one of these tributaries, heads up en Toad mountain, and there being gixxl feed for their horses aud pli>uty of water, ; the party made their camp on the mountain. The party had not been successful iu finding anything, and it ; was aunonnced by Winslow PTall. wlio : was the leader of the party, that they I would prospect one more day and if I nothing was found, they would pull ! out for home. So that they c(aild get ! away next day he told his sou. Tommy ; Hall, aud Billy White to get (>ut aud hunt up the hoi-sos. While thus en- gaged the boys came up(!U the, outciop of the Kooteiiay Bonanza. Thoy picked up a piece of copper pyrites. They had do knowledge of what it was aud : misto Silver Kinx luiueral clalui, Min- eral mountain." All the im]>ortant IcK-ations made in 1SM7 wt^re either re- located or iv-recordwl i)i liSSK, and described a beinn on Miuenil moun- tuin. « » « » « Jim Fox, one of the locators of the Dandy mjne, states that during the fall and \7inter of 1KS7-H, "Delia" Fry, one of Martin Fry's sons, acted i as mining recorder for the district up i to the arrival of Henry Anderson, j The Slime autliority also states that Fiy would not record assessment work, believiiJK that he had not th(> power to } do so. Claim owners then-fore had to j make records at Fort Steele or Revel- i stoke, sevend asssssmentH being re- ' corded at both places. Henry Ander- ! son continued to act as mining recorder '. until a ^^division of the mining dis- | tricts was; made. After this he was assigned to the Ainsworth district, and in the spring of 1880, T. H. Giffln, who was stationed at Donald as a constable, succeeded him hh recorder of what was then culled Toad Moun- tain district. * » * * The first survey of the present town- sito of NeLson was made by A. S. Far- well, and not by G. M. Sprout. It was made in the fall of 1888, and not in 1887 HH stated by St. Barbe. In 1887 Bunting still claimed the town- site, and he did not scare off mitil 1888. lu the fall of that year A. S. Farwell surveyed blocks 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the north half of blocks fi, (i, 7 and 8. The fir.^t sale of lots took fdace in the latter part of October in a itthe shake shack, afterwards used as a recorder's ofHce by T. H. Giffln, which stood on lot 3, block 1. At this sale Gold Oo:nmissioucr Spront pre- sided, and Constable Jack Kirkup, now of Rossland, acted as auctioneer. Dur- ing the following winter E. S. Top- ping continued to sell lots by private sale. In the following stimmer A. 8. Farw oil .survej-ed blof^ks 9 and 1 1 and the north half of blocks 10 and 12. and on his way out to the coast he made a preluiiinary suiToy of a wagon road from Nelson to Spi-oat's Landing. lu 1890 the balance of the townsit* was sun ->yod by a man named Latimer, after whom Latimer street was named. • * * About the time that Far- well nnidmon behind the site of the building of J. Fred Hume & Co., iifterwards occupied as their gnx-ery store. When the cabin was ccmpleted a partnership was (^ntenvl into be- tween R. K. Lemon and J. Fird Hume, luid they piiix-hased the business oJF Denny & Devine. The members of the liist mentioned firm were the pio- neer merchants of Nelson. They were first l(K'ated down whei-e the steam- boats Nelson and Ilokaneo were built, but aftenvarfls moved un to where the Provincial jail now stands, where thev carried on bu.sines8 in a shake shack until bought out by tenion & Hume. The pioneers did not have vei-y good luck. Denny committed suicide in Spokane, in 1891, by shooting himself through the head, and Devine went fan. ing somewhei-e in the Palouse country. In 1889 John F. Ward built a log hotel, to take the place of the tent in which he had been doing busi- ness for about a year John E. Walsh then secured the tent and opened up a 8tor(! in it. James A. Gilker opened up tt tent store, in 1889, between the government shack and Hume's store. It was not squeezed *in between the government shack a; .1 Ward's hotel. * * » The first formal Christmas dinner given in NeLson was given by Mrs. Frank Hauna, in 1888. There were over a dozen at the table, most of whom are still in the country. Among them were Henry Anderson, E. S. Topping, Dr. LaBau, Charles Ewiug, Ike Nail, P. J. McDongall, Si Johns, Bart Henderson, Nate Lay, Cin'ib(K) Joe, Frank Hanna and myself. Two members of the dinner party have since died. Bart Henden im died in j Nelson, and his was the Ant frnive in the burying ground near the Columbia ! & Kootenay land office. Ander8any in Novi^mlcr, 18^8. He built a trail, whicli left the Silver King trail a short distance from Nel- son, and following Cottonwixxl Smith creek climbed the mountain to the claims about four miles from Nelson. A mill was put uiM>n the pi-operty in the .summer of 188!', a part of wliich was aftcrwads taken over to the White- water claims on Rov(-r creek. ,Ja<'k Mntheson was the first barber to do businiess in Nelson. In 1880 he rigge snIHcicnt to pay his tnivelling (iX)M'nsi-s, I ut on the way out he lost all tlie t(X)ls of his triulc in tlu^ Columbia rivi-r. '■ * ■' Harold Selous was not the fii'st iimI estat(> agent in Nv>lson The fli-st to embark in this business weii" Mr this (hat Selous, together with Tom Lt!wis, secured the contract for widening the channel of the KcKjtenay river. It was fi-om the profits of these contracts that Scions got his start, but in order to get this start ^'.elous worked harder than most mm in Nelson. Hard work was a greater factor in Selous climb up the ladder than luck. » » * The first p()8tr)fflce estitblished in Nelson bv the postjil depai'tnient was located in James A. Ciilker's tent in 1880, although nf)t the first postmaster m Nelson, Oilker was the first, to receive an appointment from Ottawa. H" was at this time in partnership with F. B. Wells of Revelstokc, who was postmaster at Revelstoke. A weekly mail service down (be Colnni- liia river was esUiblished, but iij)on the river route liecomlng <'Iosp(I in Novem- Iwr, the government ordered the n,ail to Im> brought in via Kootenai stHtii,i1 (lipiiit- iiK'iil ;iniii>iiiii'i'il that it wcmlil I'Stiil)- lisli ,1 siTvici' tiDin .\Iaiiiis iwioc a iiKiiitli (ItiiiiiK lilt' " iiiti'i. As the (', \' K. rail way was hi-iiif^ ('(iiisl iiictcd at chis time, an altfiiipt was made to scenic a wcclily scTvicc, lint |i(is!(iHicc iiispccloi- Kli'trlici- refused to comply with the iccpicst for the weekly Kcr- vice. The people of Nelson then decided to pay the ditTcicnee in the cost of a weekly and twiiea month service and a suliseription list was headed liy lions, n. Ink \- Allan with a ^nl)-ii iption of «?1I!0. .loc Wilson scciireil the mail contiact that winter, Init was drowned in Kooteiiavlake hefoi'c the service was staited. The r-onlract was then taken oveiliy HIake Wilson and Hilly I'ei-dne. I'eidue had the lower end of the i(Mile from Marcus to Trail, lonelily speaking" distance of li I miles, and Mexican Juan (he portion from Trail to Nelson, anolhei' ,V> miles. This service gave f^rca! satisf.ict ion, a.s the pc^ople of Nelson could gamhie on l!.e Ihhij- that Mexic/in .l.iun woulil arrive, .ind the i-oiitiact with Wilson A: I'crdue was renewed in the winti'i- of l.Si)l-2. I'olville liein;; snhst ituted for Miiri'Us as the starling point. In |s!(2-;i the I'ontracI was awarded to Itoliert) !int Cralihrook. This experimental farm was never start eil, liut Davis worked for Colonel Uaker for some months. He after- wards f( II in with Itaillie-tirohman and c.inic down to Kootenay river as .1 prosp'Mti\ e settler upon the land which the company wa.s to leclaiin, it heinga condition that the r<>elamat'.oii eoinpany shoulil not only reclniin hut Hcttle t))e lands bpfore Hccruring title. 'I'hi- nexi sicanicr to make its appe.u- aiice was the Surprise, whiili was put into service sometime in ISS,"i-() !)y the lleudryx company operal ing the Itliu' Hr'll mine. Its cliicf husiness was t he moving of supplies to the Hliie Hell. Kollowing this came the steamer Idali.) in the spring of l.S,S«. Thiscraft was hro.ight over from the Coeur d" -Vli'iie lake hy Dick Fry and Capt. Thompson, having heen purcluiscd from Call',. ,\insli'y iind Nelson .Mar- tin. "Hi" Sweet was ! he lirst engi- neei' upon the Idaho. The Idaho is still in eommissioii on Cpper Koote- nay lake. Three months after the Idaho, came the (ialen.i, also owncci hy the Hendryx company. This was the lirst lioat run hy c.iplain Hayward upon Kooti'iiay lake. Its tirst trip from Nelson to the lihie Hell mine was a inemorahle caie. Dr. Hendryx had loaded the hoat u)) with a number of friends, who in retuin lor his hos|ii- t.ility were expecleil to admiie the steaming ipialilies of the (iaiena. The steamer started hack from Nel.son, aid reached the Nairows, ahoiit fifteen miles from the town. Here it was fcMind that the lioat's engines were not powerful enough to get through and a lay-(ner followed until the Idaho came along and towed the (ialena through, aiiothei' day heiiig occupied in reach- ing the Blue Kell mine. After this it was found necessary to cut the (ialena in two and lengthen her. The (ialena , continued to he the principal boat on the lake until .Iiine. ISDI, when the Nelson was launched. It ('ontinuej running regularly until the fall of IS!)2. * * * ■ * The huilding of the smelter it Pilot Hay was not primarily a pai i, of the schenie for the development of the nine Bell mine, Hefore (he erection of the Pilot Hay smelter was decidi'd upon, A. H. Hendryx and Kranklin Fairel had a sort of option on the : Silver King grou|). They examined the property and made the owners an (dfer, but, it w;is Injected. \> w.is not until after this offer w;is rejected that Pilot Hay was .selected as a site for t smelting operations. The location of i the smelti'r at Pilot Hay was nothing more or less than a I'eal estate specii- : lation. Pilot Hay had heen .'elected hy (leorge Kane, now of Kaslo, ;is a site for a sawniill for the Davies- ' Sayward coni|mny, and was Hist i known as Pirate's Hay. The following spring ".losh" Daviesand Dr. Hendryx got up the Pilot Hav townsite scheme and work was started upon the con- struction of the smeltei'. Altliou.";h Dr. Hendryx did not meet with iiiiich success in his operations in Kootenay he is kindly reinembered hy all the old timers. He was the most aeeom- inodating iimn that ever c-ast in his lot with the districts. His eoinpany did iiiiich to ki'ep the country moving for the first two or three years after its ' discovery. Thi'y were in fact the only men in the country who had any money. .Much was spent in (he development of the Hliie Hell and in tlie operating of small steamers. These latter were of great services to the men moving about the lake, and tliere never v.as a man (oo poor to ride on the Hendryx be.it.s. ' * '_ Sprojil's I,andiiig was ne>er a rival of Nelson's. It never amoiinled to aiivthitiK more Ihan a coiisti iiction camp during the building of the Columbi.i ^ Kootenay railway. In addition to the i.iilway company's store the only merchanis were H. K. I.einon, and Sam (iiccii now of Kaslo. ,lohli A. (Jibsoii ran .1 hotel there and .Mrs. Schroeder coiiducldl a restau- rant. ^^'^heI^ (he railway work was linislied 'he residents of Spro.it's I.anding moved to Nelson, one after another. None of the people doing business in Spinat's Ljinding piirchaseil town lots, and all of them moved off withcait paving the owner anyt liiiig iu the way of rental for the grcaind covered hy their pl.ice of business. Some .settled afterwards, but those «ho did not were sued. Tin 'se cases were (lied in Nelson, and judgment was given in fa, orof TIkmi a* Sp 'out in .soiiK' of the cases. W. ('. .MeI.e.in, who was one of thecondactors upon tlu' C. iV K. railway, became entitled to a pl.ice in liisloiy through being sued at this time by the owner of Sproat's Landing for compensation for the use of (lie townsite as a graz- ing groi'iid for his horses. W. F. Tee(/,el WHS never engaged in business at Sproat's Landing, and (ieorge A. Higelow eanie to Nelson direct from .Manitoba, • ♦ * The .Miner, the lirst newspaper es- tablished in Nelson, was not staited by .Messrs. Houston A: Ink, but bv .Aiessrs. Hoiisdm. Ink \' .Vllan. (lie plant being p.-K'ked in by ,loi' Wilson s jiack train from Sproat's Landing. The Tribune was not started by Houston & Ink, as stated by S(. Harhe, but by .Kihli Hous(on. C. V. Dake, W. .1. ^la<•Kay, Mr. Ink having lcf( Nel.son affer the sale of The .Miner, and The Tribune was a growing concern before he returned or accpnred any interest ill it . * * » "' There is the same consistent incon- sistency in the histoii.in's account of the attempt to establish smelters at lievelstolte and (ioldeii. He states that (he smelter at (iolden was blown in but was allowed to freeze up, and that iiothing came of it. aiul that therefore it eoulil not be said to have been more successful than the Hevel- stoke smelter, "which w.as never lit up at all." * * There are many theories for the apiilication fif the nanu! of Hogiistown to the townsite first placed on the market as "Nelson Cily." The name was llrsl given it by K. H. .Vtherton, and was owing as much to trouble which men eiiiploycnion is more of a pioneer than many think. He made his first visit to Nelson in May, IHHK. "Boh" had brought a big stock of groeeries down the ('olnmhia river from Revel- I stoke on a flat boat. He made the NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTENAY DISTRICT trip down to Hproiit's Laiuling in four days, leaving Kevelstoke on May 14th and arriving at Sproat's cm the 18th. Among those wlio came down the river in Lemon's flat boat were G. O. I^uchanan, Hariy Hheran, Tlionias M. Ward, Bob Hall and Tliomas Dovins. l^mon had an idea that the town for soiilhen Kiiotenay would i)e on the ('olumbia river, hut l)efore he located he decid-'d to take a run over and see Stanley, as Nelson was then called This it should be remembered was a year after G. M. Sproat, according to the local historian, had visited Nelson and decided to make It "his" capital. Notwithstanding this there was no trail into Nelson from the Columbia river. Before R. E. Lemon could get his goods into Nelson he had to builcf ii trail from Sproat's Toad Mountaiu trail at Forty Nine creek to Eagle creek, where he. picked up the Poor- man trail Into Nelson, which had been built by Nail k McDougall from the Poorman. The men emplf)yed by Ijenion tin this work were G. H. Col- well, Lke Ix)ugheed, Thomas Biii'rett, Oliver Redpath and John Bell, the Hi-st three being still in the country. During the construction of the C. ik K. railway Lemon carried on stores at Sproat's Ijanding and at Nelson, but in the spring following the completion of the road he closed up his store at Spi'oat's and gave his attention to the Nelson house. • • • George A. Bigelow was not a pioneer of Nelson, as he did not rbach here until May 2nd, 181)1), but he made his share of history just the same. Shortly aftw his arrival in Nelson, Bigelow was made a justice of the peace, and it was upon the bench rather than liehind the counter that he attraoted attention There was no fun in being a justice of the peace in 1800. One of Bigelow's first experiences was l>eing called upon to foot it to Sproat s Land- ing to sit as an associate justice with .lohn McLeod upon the case of Mre. McKenzie, motherof the notorlousTosh McKenzie, who was killed a short time ago at Steveston. Mi's. McKen- zie, better known as "mother McKen- zie. came before the justices upon a charge of selling liquor to the Indians, and with being a loose, idle and disorderly jwrson. At this trial Jack Nolan, now customs officer at Waneta, acted as constable. The justices speedily found the accussed guilty, and flnetl her $50 each. In pronoim- eing sentence, justice Bigelow ex- I>i" h\ the n^gret that he had not the po t to hang the prlt .)ner, but it did not phase "mother McKenzie." She ••ontlnued to ply her trade around the oiiuntry for some time after, until ordered to leave, T. C. Collins. Business and Biographical Sketcties Many Old Pioneers. Some Later Arrivals, and all Hen, Firms and Corporations of Ability and Standing. JOHN A. TURNER & CO., Qeneral Merchants. This is one of the oldest and most prominent mercantile houses in the Kootenays. The bnsiuess was estab- lished by J. Fred Hume, M. P. P., in ISiJO, and was couduetofore, experienc(Ml iu their spetnal line of tnule. It nuiy be stated, too, that the firm, while doing a consider- able commission business, fninsiicts a much larger business by a(!tual pur- chase. This is pi-eferable for the iva- son that strictly first-class goods pay the best margin of i)roflt in this nuir- ket. The Ann has its own buyer in Spokane, whose iustnictions are to se- lect aud buy the liest of everything in the lines handled. In this way only can the maximum of value be brought over the international line for a min- ^aium tariflf tax. This, and (he de- sire to serve th(;ir patrons with the test explains why Hyde, Titsworth & Co. Oftrry only first-class gotxls in every Una. This firm has for storage pnrixjses, besides its commodious stoi-e on Baker street, two large cellars when* winter supplies are kept This finn is, rhere- fore, able to supply its patrons with fresh vegetables and fruits at all sea- sons. The flnn has the present year added very complete lines of staple and fancy groceries to its stock. While the trade of this house is largely by wholesale, it nevertheless ha« an im- portant retail trade, and delivei-y wagons are run to snpiJy it. L. M. Hyde is a native of Illinois and was some time a resident of Chicago. Mr. Titsworth is also a na- tive of Illinois, and, like Mr. Hyde, came to Nelson from SiK)kane in 1895. Nelson has many rt^sponsible firms, but none more so than Messrs. Hyde, Titsworth & o. Neither has Nelson a business firm of any kind more highly esteemed for uprightness and honorable dealing. ~S. A. O ILKER. It is gratitying to note th.it Nelson's pioneer mercuan*-s an; now among \wr most prosperous business men and prominent citizens. J. A. Gilker, j)ostma8ter, merchant aud councilman, IS one among them. Mr. Gilker was born, and gn>w to la NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTENAY DISTRICT iimiihoDrl, in the provltioe of Quebec. He was (■in])l()y<-d in tlic iiiccliiinicnl (l('])iiTtiiii'iit ill the coiistnictiDii of the ('itnadiaii Pacilic Railway, and ranic in ^lic ciiiiiloy lit' that conqiaiiy to Brit- ish ColmuUia in IHH'i. He was sta- tioiu'd for .sonic time at Hcvclstokc, and canic from that placi' to Xtlson in 1SS!(, lirinf,'inj{ with liiiii one of the Urst stocks of ho'kIs ottered for 8ah> h'.^i-c. He was the same year ainviintcd Nelson's postmaster; but liiidiiij; trade less active tlian he liad exiiected, he left liis ffiMids in charp' of a clerk, who also acted as deputy postmaster, mid returned for the winter to Revel- stoke. Returning to Nelson tlie fol- lowing spring, Mr. Gilker decided to reinain iM'rmanently here, and he, in association with Mr. V. D. Wells of Revelstoke, who was until December, IWUi, his business partner, init up the fdurtli frame building; erected in Nel- son. The stori" c])ly the trade of a mining community, the stock has grown and develojied, ivs it were, until Mr. (iilker has the largest and most complete stock of ready-made cl )thing. gents' furnishings, lioots i'.nd shiK's, hats and caps, etc, inthcKtv-t- enays He is an importer from Eng- l.md, Germany and the United Htnt«s, a id caiTies a very complete stock of English. Scotch, (Tcrman and Ameri- ran goiKls. Mr. (rilker is still Nelson's popular postii .'stcr. The ottice so long (K'cnpy- iiig a place in his store, now adjoins it with a commuiii(Mtiiig dooi-, so that the ircreased duties of the office still adiUit of Mr. (rilker's continuing liis mercliandising and o" his giving much of his attention to his private business, as well as to his <'. ities as a member of Nelson's tli-st city council, of which he was elected a member in A])ril last. LAWRENCE HARDWARE CO. The notable increase of Nelson's trade witliin tli<^ last two yeai-s has been in no small degree the result of the increa.sed number of business liouses and of tlie larger sto<'k of g(Hxls from wliich to cIkklsc. Of the now mercantile lion- >s, none Iiave begim business with a hirgor or nioi-e coni- jilete stock and sheet metal and jilumb- ing sliojis. The main Imilding is 80x lao feet, and two stories high, which, together with a tioxTS foot warehouse, gives a tloor spa<'e fsident of the city only since May of the pn^sent year. As soon after his aiTival its was possible, Mr. Ross took temporary quarters and open(>d a tailoring establishment over Nelson's post office, where he remained until he was able to secure a suitable location and salesroom. These he suc- ceeded in obtaining in the latter wart of August, and his business is ucw Blacksmiths and Horseshoers. It is a matter for gratulation with horse owners, that Nelson has, in the liersons of H. D. Ashcroft and J. S. McClelland two of the most expert horseshoers in British Columbia. It may with equal truth be added that both members of tln^ above firm are no less competent mechanics in other lines of blacksmithing. The firm of Aslicrof t & McClelland wa.s formed and its business established in 18i)(t. The firm owns its own shop and the ground uixin which it stands. The shop is equipiM>d with the latest machine tools and everything pertaining to mining, mill and general blacksmithing and hoi-seshm>ing, and a wagon making and rejiair shop is conducted under the same rixif. Mining and general black- smithing consHtutv the greater part of the work done, but lioi"sesli(H?ing is made an important sjincialt^y, and in this linmeh of the business this shop is a leader. H. D. Ashcroft, altliough bom in the state of Kentticky, came west over twenty years ago, and has lived for many yeai-s in Montana. He came to British Columbia in lSi)l. He was a prospector for about thiiM! ye s, but in ISIM), becoming assmuated vith J, S. McClelland, he decided to return to his trade. Mr. McClelland is a native five Miles- ! oil Buker ' uu'l well iiiilMirtod rast of the ut and the ■ patterns, t Eiifjlish, Aineric'Hii li to say the lilies, vest- i)f the most eetl cutter, ittiiitt hini- (l Madison 'liell iihites he iuspec- •nu'iits are L'liot siiper- iiost skilled loyed. Mr. e that Mr. his patrons ■utlemen of •aini)s, and u^rs luauy iiiiii); men, 1. I j^yrshire, trido iu his , ,ind Vefore vii account, he, foremost Manchaster, frfiiu Eng- , six years . He came Wellington, conducted ess. LLAND shoers. lation with has, in the and J. S. nost expert umbia. It added that ovo ftnu are cs iu other 'he tiriu of I formed uud 1S9B. The I the ground 'lie shop is inchine tools t to mining, uithing and :on making ed under the nieral black - greater part •seshoeing is ialty, and in this shop is ugh born in came west il has lived a. He came H. He was [•e yf s, but ited vith J. to return to id is a native NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTENAV DISTRICT «3 of the pniviiice of (Quebec. He has been ten y(rit>s of sketclies de- scriptive of Nelson iind its business inten^sts would be incomplete witliout ai)propriate mention of those wliohave contributed bj- their talent and labor to the building of the city's homes, business houses and public buildings. Among the contractors and buihlers of Nelson, none are morlsoii in ISiU. It may be truely said of Mr. Hillyer that he, in a literal sens(^ has been and continues to be, oi<al estate in Nelson, and has always maintained a linn faith in the future of the place. His inten^sts are all here. He is thornnglily identi- fied with the prosperity of Ni^lson and his fellow citizens. He is a competent and reliable business man and a popu- lar conti-actor and citizen. Mr. Hillyer's contracts for the pre- sent season are botli larger and more numerous than iu any pitn-iou,, year in the life of Nelson. He employs from twenty-five to tliirty-flve men in all departments of his business, and super- intends all dopartni'nits himself. Mr. Hillyer has always taken a be- coming interest in public affairs, but has never been a seeker for public office. He was elcicted a nu^mber of Nelson's firet board of aldermen upon the citizens' ticket in April of the present year, and has proved himself a painstaking and conscientious public omctii. A. M'LARTY, Contractor and Builder. The city of Nelson during tlie last six months has almost doubled the number of business houses and resi- dences. Fine modem homes have in many instances been built adjoining the modest cottage or cabin. Large business blocks and hotels are becom- ing common. The present season will long be remembered as the first active era in building that Nelson has enjoyed since the first two years of its history. The present building em has attracted urnuy mechanics and contractoi's in the building trade fnmi the east and from the cities of British Columbia. Among the latt«r none have toktm a more active part in this special line of NHLSON AND IHI': VVHST KOOTKNAV DISIUICT coiltiMctiiiK thiiii tho Hnbjcft of this sketch. Mv. A. McLiivty. l;ilc iif Vie- loria. Ml'. Mcl.arty wiis Vorii iit Ridfit ■ town. Out., ill l>>"i.'i. when lie vi ci ivtd his (-lu'ly c iliiciitioii iiml Itu-iird the tiaili III' ciii'iK'iitc riiifi. ;'incc lircomiiif,' a luastcr niicliaiiic he has iiiadc nipiil stridt's '.n liis Imsincss. and there is seiireely a town ov liainli t alonf? th< I'lic of tlie Canadian I'acitic railroad, from WimiiiKf; to tlir iiiast that do<\s not bear hisliiifi: evideiiii of tin handi- work as a eiinti'aetor and Imilili r. He was for a muiiiIk r of years a iiruiuinen' eontraetor of Victoria, and from that city lie eaine to Nelson in May of the prist lit year. In this city he has ( nt( VI d upon a larm ininil i r of con- traets. and has lieeonic jii riiianently ideiititied with Kelson and tin district. In the jiast few months Mr. Mc- T.arty has e.impli ti d or lias now under way some of llie ino^l I'romiii' lit and i>ni>osiiif; business l)loeks on the ])rin- eipal stvd'ts of the city, .\moiif; these may be luenfioiied the MiKillop blix'k, on Baker street; the Broki ii IIill Min- ing bliK'k. now under conslruct ion on Baker street ; the Apidi \vhai!( block, on Baker stnet, and others. The eoiislrnction of the new Hotel Hume, wliich. when coiiipleicd iind opened will be the finest hotel iu the Kooteliays. has 1 ei n eiilrusteil to the care of Mr Mcl.ni ty. as lias also the carpenter work of the new Provincial jail, costiiij; itl4.(l(H). Mr. McLarty will be ^lad to furnish ■ stimati s and plans for busimss lionses, ■.'c.-'idences and other buildiiij;s to 1 e eiH-ctcd in any part of British ("oluni- biu He has anijili: eajiiial to cany out, any contract he may enter into, and liein^ himself a s';illful iiicelianic and cvpcrieiieed builder will employ none but skilled workmen and may be de- pend'd upon to exi cute all contracts according to spi cilieations and in the most thorouij;lily workmanlike iiiauiu r. KOOTENAY STEAH LAUNDRY, Whitcher & Cleland. The Kooteiiay i'teani Laundry is th<^ only eiiteriirise of the kind in Nelson. It was established by tlii' firm of Whitcher &("leland. and since Ajn-il 1st of the preseiil year has lucii in success- ful operation Comparatively few i)co])le who have not lieeii to some extent comiected with tile iniMlerii laundry, reali/e to what importance the business has tn-owii within the jiast few years. If enter- prises were to be measured by the aniouiit of money jiaid out in wa^res, tlie modern launili-y might justly claim a position above enterprises we have been accustomed to think of j^reatcr imi>ortance. It will doubtless be a sur- prise lo many readers of this sketch to learn that the Kooieiiay Hteaiii Laundi'y will ]iay out in wa.Lrcs annually from *l.riiiii to iii."),0()o. and jjive constant em- ploymeiit to from eipil to ten sMUt'd workmen and women. The modern steam laundry may be said to have had its birth at Tniy, New York. It was there that tlii> tlrsf modern lannrtiy niachincn- wns nuuh^ and tlic first modern laundry operated, and it is in Troy Ihat the most perfect laundry machiiierv now in use is niadi . Ill the Kooii nay t^liiiiii Laundry the jieoiile of this section have the advaiit- a;^i s of the best standard Troy laundry machinery, while, rcsiiectins,' the class of work done, we may say it is uni- form in excellence and apiiroaelies per- fection as nearly as can be done by the best modern macliiiiery operated by the most comiictciit experts. The lirn. of Whitcher & Cleland is comiiosed of Messrs. (t. W. Whitcher and .T. .\. Chi. mil. The former is a Ijostonian and the latter a Pcnnsyl- vaniaii by birth. Both came west many years a<;o, and before i-oiiiin^r to British Columbia, had been for some years in flpokane. WashiiiKlon, where they were rormerly assoi'iatcd top'ther in the grocery busiiies.s. Subseiiuently Mr. Whitcher was eonnected for some time Willi the lipokaiie ^team Laundry of ; ^))okaiie, and Jlr. Cleland with the steam laundry at Pullman, WashiiiKton. They came tofcether from [-ijiokane to Nelson ill Pebruary of tlie present year, and tojrether built and e(iuip;'ed the Kooteiiay I'lcaiii Laundry. Both iiiemliers of the (inn firivc their ])er,-t mil attention to the business, mid i)v close apidieation and correct busi- ness ihcIIkkIs. have already built up an impoTtant business. The firm owns its jilant and employes none but skilled white help. A waKon is i-un for the accommodation of the city trade, and laundry from suiToundiiifj towns is iriveii the .same immediate attention home orders rec^eivc. known pioneer, having conio to Nelson in IWil). He worked as a (derk for some of the pioneer iinrehaiits, and was for four years in the nii reantile lilii' and until neeiitly, a meiiil er of the dry ^;ooils firm of Pn d Irvine & Co. Mr Kichardson has put the sav- iiij;s of years into building; and furn- ishing tiie '•Queen's, " Jlr. Perdue is a native of tlie state of Ohio. He has been a resident of British Columbia for a year or more, and is a brother of our widely-))opular fellow-to-wnsman, Billy Perdue, who is now on his way to Klondilce with a drove of cattle. The traveliu}; publii^ can make no mistake in stoppinit at the t^uecn's Hotel The rates will be I'eie onable, I he fare will be uncxellcd and tlie best people of the Kootenays and of Nelson will be found uuionK its guests and patrons. W. PERKINS & CO. THE QUEEN'S HOTEL, Rlchurdson & Perdue, Proprietors. Tlii> (iJncen's Hotel is one of Nelson's newest and ncati^st fii'st-class hotels. The buildine is a fine three story stnicture, centrally located, and has just been completed and furnished throughout in good modern style The "Queen's"" was eii'cted liy, and is tin jniiiK^rty of, AI> ssrs. Fred Richardson and Harry Perdue. The building was designed cs(H'('ially for a fii'st-class modern hotel. The halls arc wide, the rooms are large, the dining room and office arc large, the iiarlors aii' eleg- luitly furnished. Tlicre are twenty- fimr large, well lighted, outside guest rooms, all furnished tastefully, exiien- sively and wilh regard for the comfort of guests. The house is lighted throughout by electricity and warmed by furnace i. at. There are bath rooms, .sample rooms for I'ommercial travelers and all other modern improvements and convenienccH. Th" "Queen's" will be conrtnoted as a strii'tly (irs^-dass. modern hotel, upon botli the American and Euro])ean plans An excellent chef will have charge of the culinary department, and the best of everything will lie .supplied for the tabic and for the bar. The lu'ojirietors of the "Queen's" will have charge of the office in per- son. Fii'd A. Richai'dson was born in the citv of Toro' to. He is a well- Brokera and Experts. Time was, not so many years ago, that mines were bought and sold, without (he buyer tn- .seller having any clear conception of the real value of the projK'rty. Tliat is now all changed, and mining has been reduced to a more con.scnative basis. In fact, so import- ant has the opinion of the expi rt Vc- come. rhat it would be ditfh'ult to de- cide whotlu>r, in a majority of in- stanci s the prosjiective buyer er , seller is now mon^ anxious to have tlie lieiic- fit of the testimony of conijictent cx- lierts. It is l)y reason of these changed conditions, and to the well-known ability of its members, that the firm of W. Perkins & Co., is held in so high esteem. This firm is composi^l of Wm. Perk- ins and his two sons, .John .T. and Patrick. Mr. Perkins, tir. . was bin'U in London, England, but canu" to America iu 1H47. He has been a miner for more than forty veal's, and his field tv'.' operation has included (Cali- fornia, Mexico, Australia. Montana. Idaho, the Northwest Territon- and British Columbia. His sons, now his partners, were born in Australia, and liavc grown up with, and been sur- rounded by, mining men, mines and mining intei'ests all their lives. Mr. Perkins, Sr. , brought his family from Australia to British Columbia twenty- six yeui-s ago. H(> has since been, from time to time, interested in mines and mining enterprises both in Canada and in the United States, and is alike well-known for his exceptional experi- ence as a practical miner and miniim expert on both sides of the interna- tional line. The firm of W, Perkins & Co. , was organized for the piirpose of conduct- ing a mining brokeragi; and real estate business, of exijerting and reporting on mineral claims, furnishing exptn-ienced j prosjiectors, doing assessment and de- vclo]mieut work, caring for properties, locating mining claims, buying ami selling mining properties, furnishing piftpertics to cmiioratioiis for stocking, purchasing mine and mill machinery NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTKN AN !)ISIRICT «5 nine to s II clci'k iiiits, mill K vciiiitilc ciiilcr of Irviiit' iSf : tlic siiv- 111(1 furii- t' the Htnto sUlciit of !• ov iiiori'. ly-i)i)iniliir •("hie. who ike with ii iiuiki' 11" (■ f^ui'cirs ■{•»• :lllill)ll\ 1(1 the best of Nelson (ucsts aiul CO. years iifjo, iiiid sold, hiiviiiK iiuy il viiliie of ill cliiiiiKed. (l to 11 more , so iiiipcvt- e expirt Vc- iliculr to de- ity of in- yer cv sellei' re the lieiie- iinpelent cx- ese ehi\n>{efl \v(>ll-lviiown It the firm held in so ' Win. Perk- iliii J. and was horn it came to leen a niiucv i-s, and his •luded (^ili- i, Montana, ■rritoiy and Kiis. now his nsti-alia, and d been siir- niines and • liv(rkiiis i (fcCo. THE ROYAL HOTEL. as proprietor of wliicli lie has one of tli(> most iMiinilar hostlcries in Nelson, and his house is a resort for niiniiiK 111(11, business men and eoininercial travelers. W. O. Robinson, Prop. Ainonn Nelson's many (excellent ho.stleries. there is none more worthily jiopuhir witli the travc^llinj? public than the Royal Hotel. The Royal is most conveniently located at thi; corner of 'jtanley and Silica streets. The site is one of file most (elevated (x^cuipied by any hotil in Nc^lsou, and eommands an excellent view of the city and siuToiind- iiif; country. The Royal was o})ened to the public by Mr. Robinson, the pre.seiii. proprie- tor, in the winter of 18%. Tlie build- ing is a substantial two story stnic- tuiv, containing, bedsides the officio, dining nxim, bar and billiard rooms, sonui thirtv odd guest rooms. Mr. Robinson lias spaii^d no exiwnse in furnishing tlu- hotel, and (n'luy room is fitted up with new and attractive furniture and carpots. There are no inside riKnns.all being light and aiiy, and (rommauding an unobstructed view from th(> windows. The hou.se is tit- t(!d throughout with modern conveni- ences, including electric lights, hot and cold water, electric bells, etc. Comfort of guests is the first law of the management of the Royal. Mr. Robinson is his own manager and oini- ducts his hotel with a view of giving the btist aecomniMlations to be had in the city. The dining room is presided over by com-teous ana attractive wait- ei-s, the culinary department is in the hands of an experienced chef and the table is in itself a compliment to the caterer. The b;ir is one of the best in the city, and over it are served the best drinks and the finest imported cigars. The Royal Hotel is conducted on the American plan. A 'bus meets all in- coming and departing boat« and trains, baggage, mail and telegrams of guests receive careful attention, rooms are re- sen-ed v. hen onlered by telegraph, and every courtesy and convenience ex- tended to tlio public by first-class liotels elsewhere is hero obsei-ved. Mr. Robinson is a native of Mani- toba, where he enjoyed the esteem of tlie public as a general merehant until May, 18!)fi. when ho came to Nelson to asHixiiate himself with the flnn of A. C. Buchanan & Co. Ho retained his interest in that firm until December, 1 8!Mi, wheii he opened the Royal Hotel ROBERT HURRY. Baker and Restauranter. Nothing else, jieiiiaps, has contri- buted so much to lightening the dnidg- ciy of the housewife as thi^ iicrfection of the modern system of baking and the cstablishiiKMit of bakeries in all our towns and cities. Family baking day has no longer any terror for the housewife, but fresh bread and rolls can be had delivered at one's door daily, and at such prices that is real economy to buy bread ready baked. The subject" of this sketch is the prviprietor of the oldest bakiuy and of two of the most jKipuhir restaurants in Nelson. The Vienna Bakery <& Res- taurant was establishwl several yeai-s ago by John Humer, and was pur- (ihased by Mr. Huny in March of tlu^ present year. He has instilh^rt much I that is new in the business, and thc^ ■ bakeiy deiMU'tment is always n^plete ■ witii the freshest and most delicious ',1,11(1. cakes, jiastryand confectionary. j The ice cream nianufaeturiHl at the j Vienna contains only the purest cream and flavoi's, and it is absolutely un- j rivaled by that mad(! by any com- : petitor. As a caterer Mr. Huny stands alone, and it may be trathfully be said that tlu! Jubilee restaurant is the peer of any in Nelson. The culiuiuy (iepart- im^nt is presided over by a skilled chef, mid the tables are beautifully supplied | Laud" Survevors Mel 'uUiH'li was ii;'.j.iiiiit('d to take charge of till- constnicticin of ibc Kiii"aidiiie, (iiilt and Pciiiu'oke \\. iter works, and ()f the Toronto Junction sewerage sys- item. In IKIU he cniistriulcil the (ialt, I Preston and Hcsiilcr ihctric niilroad, I the first electric fniglit line in ( 'aiiada, at a cost of oV( 1- *I-.'.">,(KI0. It has five I [H'r cent, grades aild is regardtd as a conspicuous triumph of iiiodcrii en- gincci-iiig. In ISilii he had charge of coiistnu^tion of the Pn-tvolia water works, costing #17(1,11(10. [ii this sys- tem the water is lir.iught from Lake Hiivoii, a distance of nearly twenty miles. I During these years of i xperience. Mr. MeCull(M'h finally adojited hy- dniulie and sanitary cngiiiccriiig as a siM'cialty in his ja-ofcssion, dealing principally with waterworks and si-w- i>i-s. He submittiMl plans for the exc(>l- ; lent systems of water works and ; .sewei-s now under ciuii-se of eoustnic- ' tioii in this city, and when th(y were finally adir>ted in July of the present i yeai', he was immediately appointed : sujiei'intendent of constnictioii of these public works. He has recently luu'li appointed city eiigiiu cr by the city council, and intends making Nelson I his. ]i(>niianent fJaee of resideiK^e, ; It is admis-sable to say of Mr. McCul- ■ l(K>h's recognized ability in his jirofes- ' sioii, that he is well e(iui]iiM!d to en- i tertain prepositions iH^rtainiiig to I engineering in all liraiu^hcs of the j science, and that his exiiericnce has ' been such in Canada as to justify the ; resixMisiblo and honoraiile ixisitions he has held and now holds, as is(^vid(uiced by his being a niemlMn- of the Ontario ass(H 'ation, and an NELSON BREWING COnPANY. with the best of everything that the ; a^six-iate niembei of thi market afl-ords. A sixrienced German brewer who has lived twi^ity- ttve years in British Columbia. Mr. Riesterer has been a brewer at Vic- toria, at New Westminster and at Vancouver, and is esteemed one of the best brewers in the province of British Columbia. The bniweiy is, except as to its capacity, almost a duplicate of the best nuKleru breweries of the east. It has its own ice nianufa<;turing plant and the UMKlerii refrigerating .system. It has a capacity for manufacturing five hundred gallons of lager boer ixn- day, and refrigerating storage capacity for five liundred bairels. Porter is also mannfactnred, and in the inanufactni'e of either lager beer or porter nothing but the best of malt uiid hops is used. The brewery plant includes a Ixittliug department where beer and (lorter are bottled for the tnule and for families. t6 NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTENAY DISTRICT I] A wiij^iiii is run for the accomiiKMlntioti of city imtnins mid to fiicilitutc ship- \nnif to outMidc towns and ciinips. Mr. RicstcnT takes iK'rioiial chargt; of evtTj- Im'w niiule. He uses only thu iH'st ini(M)rt<>li>d for niakiug a strictly pun? la^cr btnir, and th« pro- duct of tlic Nelson Brewery is pn)- uoHii '('d by connoiseu.s to be e<|ntu in flavor and keeping (jualities to tliobest l)cer made in Canada or the United States. J. R. F. Rowley, hife of Enxlaud, wlio lias just i)nrchiit«?s has been selected with a i view of meeting the demands of the j best trade of Nelson. j Mr. Vincent is a native of the prov- ince of Ontario. His opiiortunities for perfecting himsidf as a skilh^d cutter and fitter have been exceptionally favorable. After learning his trade in Ontario he workpd us a journeyman tailor in some of the Aiuorican cities, and was for a time in business in San Rafael, California. Returning to his native jirovince he engaged in business at London, Out. , whore he met with merited success. Mr. Vincent uses the actual lueasnre- ment system of cutting. He will cater to the best trade, and has a stock of goods and the .ability to serve the trade satisfactorily. He states that the fall and winter fashions call for a shortening of coats aud a closer fitting of pantaloons, but that tastes and pre- ferences of his patrons will be con- sulted in these respects as in all others, and the public can see the latest Lon- don and New York fashion plates at his salc.sn)oms. No. 82 Baker street. In the geutlemen's furnishing goods department, a full line of the latest styles of neckwear, collars, cuffs, handkerchiefs, etc., has just been received. Mr. Vincent will have personal supt>rvision over all work (lone iu his shop, imd will employ none but the best skilled tailors. NELSON LIVERY STABLE. Wilson & Harstisw. The Ann of Wilson & Harshaw is not o"ly the leading livery firm of Nel- son, but controls its transfer business as well. Besides the horses kept for livery purposes, among which are a niunbcr of excellent siuldle horses for both ladies and gentlemen, the firm owns and mus seventeen teams for freighting and to do the tniusfer busi- ness of Nelson. As ti-ausfer agents Wilson & Har- shaw are intimately associated both with the business men of the city aud with the traveling public. They run omnibus and baggage wagons for the convenience of travelers, and heavy truck wagons for the transfer and de- livery of freight. They make annual contracts with merchants for the trans- fer of goods from the railroad depot and boats to their places of business, and in many instances the first know- ledge a merchant has of the arrival of goc^s is their delivery at his door by a truck belonging to this firm. General trucking and hauling such as tlie iiioviiig of pianos, safes, house- hold goods, et<'. , is done for the public, and iM axons (expecting houstOiold g(KKls or other freight, have only to leave their orrler with the company to insure the pninipt delivery of their g(,'r"J(: o:: ' arrival, the firm, when desired to do so, iNiyiiig the freight and charges and receipting for goixis as the agent of the patrons. The finn owns btitween forty and fifty head of horses, the stable it (khui- pies and tho ground nixiii which it stands, and is in every way n^siMinsible for its contnictH. Will. Wilson and Henry Harsliaw are both early pioneers to Nelson. Mr. Wilson was bom in Toronto, Ontario, and Mr. Harshaw in the state of lowii. Mr. Wilson has 1 een iu the freighting and transfer business for a number of years. The livery business was started in )Hi)a. The present firm was formed in ISHo. Persons or parties arriving in Nelson with the design of looking over the country with a vitiw of investment or settlement cannot do better than to call on Wilson & Harshaw. Their ex- tensive acquaintance will enable them to give much valuable information, while their teams and dnerswill bo at the disposal of patrou>< at prices ns moderate as can be obtains i elsewhere. WILLIAM P. ROBINSON. Deputy Sheriff tor West Kootenay. The candid student of the science of government will find in the person and official life of the sheriff of West Kootenay, vory convincing evidence in favor of the civil service rules of Great Britain and Canada. Sheriff William P. Robinson hiis been forty years al- most continually iu public life. He was bom in the city of London, Eng- land, and was, when a young man, on the city of London police force. He came to British Columbia more than thirty years a^o, and has been for a quarter of a centnary well and widely known as one of Canada's most efficient and popular peace officers. He was for a number of years chief of police at Gait, Ontario. He was for some years a leading citizen of Winni- pejr, and high bailiff of Silkerk county, Manitoba. He came to British Colum- bia about eight years ago, aud in 1801 received the appointment to his pre- sent office from High Sheriff Stepnen Redgrave, of Donald, East Kiiii(iii of rliosc with whom lie hiis ] li((>ii iissochitcd, mill rlic coiifldciico ] aiii^ csUcin r f,Mles so many erstwhile )iromiiient resident of other cities. Amoiii; those now in tmsiuess here, we take especial pleasure in eallinvf atten- tion to the subject of this sketch. (". K. Mallotte was born in the state, (if Illinois; but, until he caiue to Nel- son, was for niany yeai-s a resident of Fort Augeles, Washinf^ton, where he was prominent ali'vein business, social and political circles, H<> was one of tlie city's most popidur mayors, and, as easliier of the Bank of Clallam County, and president of the Clianibia- of ('(mimerce. was do.sely identified with the liusiness inten^sts of the city. Mr. MiiUette came to Nelson .Inly tst of the jireseut ,vear, and fifteen days afti^r his aiTival opened his pn>- senf business housii, located on west Baker stifH^t. The biminoss covers a liroad si'opf storage for ]M>rish- uhlv goods of gix'iiter bulk. Mr. Mallette will erect u large ware- lums(> as soon as he (^an .secure a suit- abli^ site on the C. P. R. tracks. This will prol)abiy be in the very near future, and, when ooinpleted, the warehouse will greatly facilitate the conduct of his already important and daily increasing liusiness. The customary expi'ession of good cheer tendei-ed our new merchants was immouuced in the ease of Mr. Miillotte. The citizens of Nelson congratulate liim upon his sncoe.js and extend him the right hand of welcome. A. FERLAND & CO., Ik- at A. Ferland & di's. It can, with eiinal truth, be added that the tinn will carry one of the lari;rsl and most eoin])lete stocks of men's, youtlis' ami lioys' clothing, liafs, caps, lioots. shiK'S and gents' furnisliings. It is, how- ever, in the line of line dress goods and ladies', iiiis.ses' and children's furnisnings tliitt this store will es- IH'cially exeell. Tliis new linn has one of the largest and most complete stocks of go:Kls fif the kind ever brought to Nelson. The lines are very full, and include staple and fancy dry goods, carpets, curlaiiis, mattings, linoleuiiisand house furnish- ing giKKls. clothing, gents" furnishings, bixits, siloes, hats and caps, etc. In men's goods a siiecialty is made in niinei-s" boots and shoes, mackinaw suits and goods suitiilde for mining and iiKmnfain wear. This linn has, for the purpose of bringing its tine line of dress and ladies' furnishings giuids before the pullli(^ established a mail order de- partment. Samples are sent upon re- ipiest to any addriss furnished, and goods will lie sent liy mail or express to order; anil ladies may 1;(^ a.ssured that their orders will 1 tilled with the utmost eaie and rc};, id for their expressed ]irel'erenc(« and wishes. A. Ferland & Co. occupy one of the finest .salesrooms in Nelson. The mem- liers of the firm, Messi-s. A. Ferland and N. Timmins. are lioth exixrieiiced and lionoral)l(> n erehanfs. Mr. Fer- land was the pioin er uierchnnt of the C. P. R, from Brandon to Revelstoke. Upon s(>ttling more permanently at (Calgary, he established brmicli stores at (roldeii, Donald, Kogi^-s' Pass, BanfT and other x^oints. and was esteemed the loading merchant of tlie Northwest. Being desirous of curtailing his busi- ness eoiini!ctions, and massing his iu- teivsts at one place, Mr. Ferland, at the beginning of the present year, took an exteiisivi^ trip throughout British (,'olumbia, and ilnding Nelson to be the most ]>romising ti-ide center and distributing point, di-cidi-d to lo -^ate here and establish a really tii"st- elass store. He acc'ovdiiigly assoi'iated liimsolf with Mr. N. Timmins, until recently a prominent merchant at Mat- tawa, (Ontario, and together they tornujd the present firm. In closing it is admissibh> to say that among the favoring conditions of the firm's bo- ginning business, not the lea.st is the fact that its immense first stock was most advantageously purchased. Read- ers will rinnembcr the immense sales of dry goods and clothing made a few montlis ago in eastern cities. Mr. Ferland was fortunate in being at the inning at tho.se sales, and patrons of : tlie tinn v,-ill iveeive a fair shsu-e of the Ixmelit of the low prices at which the stock was bought. s<-liiKil ho Ix'canie a Ixxikkteix-r and ac. coniitant. lie came to Brifi,-ih Colum- bia .Old Nilson 111 !;■.'(.:, and for the following live years, and iinlilhere- ceivid the ap|>ointinent to Ids pi-esent office, he Was a bookkii'iier and ac- countant ill one of Nelson's prominent men antile houses. Mr. ."-'eahy's ollli ial dulics include those of city clerk. projier, cily asst'ssor and of city water i iiinmissioner. He ivceived his appoi-itiiieiit from Ntl- .son's lirst city council, in April of tlie pnsent year. Mr. Sealey'H edneafioii and clerical expirieiico having Ixcn such ,is to siHcially well jiudify him for the dutii .s of his oiHcc, and he iieing uiii- vei-s.dly esticnud, liis Mpiointnuuit gave general satisfaction to die pub'ifr and. i;ecause of liis iHisinal pojiularity, liis apiKiintnient was isjiccially gratify- ing to his friends. His office is one of trust and ro- sjionsibility, as well as one requiring s|H'cial tit.ie.ss for tlie iii'iforaiance of its duties, and it ina.v lie adih'd that he is a caivfnl, painstaking and oli- liging public olllcial. CANADA DRUG & BOOK CO. Dry Ooods, Cloth>n(r, Boots, Shoei, Hats and Furnishings, In ovciy city or town of consider- abl(> trade, there is always one place whei-e the needs of the fominine ward- robe ail! carried in larger variety and supply than at others. Thaf place in Nelson will, from present app(mrances, CHARLES E. SEALEY. City Clerk. Charles E. Scaley, the first city clerk for the city of Nelson, was Ixirn at VVatoi-down, Ont. , iu IHfiit, and was educated at the best schools of his na- tive province. Soon aftor leaving : Nelson, B. C. Kcgina, N. W. T. Kevel- itoke, B C. Among thv many accessions to the bn.'iiii' ss houses of Nelson since the be- ginning of t\w pii)sent year, none are more likely to be leaders in I heir re- siHM'tive lines tlian the (^anada Dnig & E(«)k Company. The iiieorporation ' papti-s of this company wei-e taken out i last .Tune. The ciniital of the com- pany is auijile for ihc needs of its ex- tended and prospectively largi^ business, and its oilieei-s and directors are all practical and oxpiu-iciiced i lerehants who take an iictive, jiart in ondueting the several stores and in ;iie manage- ment of the companies' a'.faii's. Robert Martin reside^; at Regina and has charge of t!ie drag department of the Rogimi store. C. H. V^laek, the seeretaiy and Iri^asurin-, resides at Re- gina, and is manager of the book and stationary dci)artni(^iir. W. (.i. Pettin- gill, the vice-presid(-nt, and P, Laniont, ; muiiagiug din-ctor, reside at Nelson and conduct the Nelson store. Pcttingill being the druggist and ^r. Liiunnnt the stationer. The ci' iiiadt' a siM'cialty. Put- tin;.; u)) jin si'ri|)tioiis also fornisau ini- liortaiit part of the IniHiniss. Tlu! Hta- tioiiary ami IxMik (Icpartincrit l>o«ins l)u.sirii'.ss with a very I'omplctt' Htle ereies a prominiMlt place anioUK the leadin}{ and respected mer- chants of li'elson. A. C. EWART, D. M'ARTHUR & CO., Furniture D.-alcrs and Undcrtakar*. This is the ))ioncer furniture lumse of Nelson. Tl\(^ business was (>stab- lished in IHS!) by .lanuis McDonald & Co., and was purchased by D. Mc- Arthur & Co. in lHil4. The stock caiTied by this lumse is so ])lainly indicated in the lu^ad of this i:rtiele, that it only remains to say that it is the largest and most com- plete stcx-k of the kind outside of Vic- toria and Vancouver in British Colum- bia, and includes everything in the line of furniture, from the plain and sen-iceable quality used by the labor- inj; man's family to the most exquis- itely carved and upholstered furniture which adorns the honu^s of the wealthy. Th(> extensive st(x'k of furniture is supplemented by a fii^neral line of car- pi^ts. Htxn- cloths, nuittintjs, rugs, mats, draiK'ritw, window curtains, shades aiul cornice poles, lace curtains lutd Uxtnres, tipholstery, h(!ds, bedding, pillows, toil(»t cnx'kery, etc. Th(^ linn is a buyer in carload lots from the best factories in Canada, and is, as well, an imixjrter from the United States and EurojK'. The business (x-cupies three well filled floi-s g(xxls fonn an important but inconspicuous part of the st(X'k, aiul fniuuiil diivcting, em- balming and nntU^rtaking are a psirt of the business, the finn employing a skilled enibalnier and expiTieuced un- dertaker and funeral director for that department. It is worthy of spcciid mention that this firm has Just nx-eived an addition to its stcK^k of a two thousand dollar bill of cariiets and thst it is at the pn!sent time moving its immense st(K'k fn)m its old stand on Vernon street to the fine new block at the corner of Baker oud Ward streets. We may add that the business of this firm extends to every part of West Kootenay, and that it has fur- nished most of the hotels and test Architect. The science of architectural en- gineering has devtdoped in lat(^ years to a degre( befori^ unknown. The fame of R(muin ind (irecian arehitet^ts was ohen nuule by a fortunately hap))y con bination of artistic conceptions in a co'umn, a cajjital, or tlu^ design of a cornice. Euro|x'an architects of ii lattu- day have freqntnitly found fanu? in the cimception ot a chapel cialing or in the design of a jmlpit. Our age, being i«) less appreciative of the beautiful, but nu)re utilit irian, demands in its arclii- tcu'ts not only a knowledge of all the decorating gems of antiipiit.v, but, as well, th(5 n.ost advanced knowhidge of practical architectural eiiginefU'ing. A. O. Ewart is one of the leading architects of British Columbia. He was lx)vn in Gra.v county, province of Ontario, Canada, and learned the trade of carpenter and builder. After bc(^o:uing proficient at his trade, young Ewart decided to secik his foutuiie in the ' ' Golden West, ' ' and, accordingly, nearly twenty years ago, he emigrated to Oregon and settled in the upper Willamette valley. After a decade, during which time he had become the leading coutrticter and builder of his Iwality, and had gained, through his business with architects, which tailed him with fre- quency to their offices, a practical knowledge of the architect's profession, Mr. Ewart decid(>d to take up anihi- tecture as a study, and, to thoroughly equip himself, entered the office of the leading architect. His practical ex- perience in the execution of the ideas of architects was a great aid to him in his study, and by great diligence, sup- plemented by his nattu-al aptitude for the work, he soon became proficient in the profession. Mr. Ewiu-t's experience as an archi- tect covers a period of ten years, the last six of which have been spent in British Columbia. He came to Nelson from Victoria, where he was promi- nent in building circles. His reputa- tion had preceded him to Xelsou, and on o)irning his (illlce here in May of the present .,ear, he was at once ac- eordi'd n'co;,'niliiin and welcome by the bnildiug piiblii'. We ap|M'nd the fol- lowing list of buiblings .Mr. Ewart has , designed, all of which are, at the pn;- sent wviling, in c(mrse of construction and many of Ihi^m Hearing completion : A. L. McKIUop. two story brick, business bloeli. Baker stn^et ; John El- liot, two story brick, business blix-k, Baker and Stanley ; K. H. A])|>le- whaite, two story frame, business 111 x'k. Baker and Kootenay ; Broken Hill Mining Co., three story frame, busimss bhx-k. Baker and Ward ; Tur- ner & BiK'ckh, two story frame, busi- ness bhx'k. Baker and Ward ; Hume & Kirkpatrick, four st(n\v frame and stone hotel, Vernon and Ward ; Judge Forin, stone and bri(^k n'sidence. We might name otliers incimtempla- tion, but th(! aljove will snfllee to in- dicate the ix)sitioii Mr. Ewart has won in the building circles of Nelson. Of Mr. Kwart's jjersonal qmilities, w<^ may say they are no h'ss pleasant and agreeable than the pleasantest of homes nis genius has i)lanned. A. (1. SHAW, Staple and Fancy Qrocerie*. There is lU) name among those of the mcrchauts of Nelson better or more favorably known than that of A. (i. Sliaw. To the caterer for the liotel and to the housewife, the name pre- sents visiims of table luxuries from every land and every sea. To all who have dealings with him, either as sel- ler or pm-chaser, the name suggests that assuninci^ which is inspired by honesty and integrity ; while to the promoter of eutenirises for the public gixxl the name is a guarantee of sup- ix)rt and encouragimient of worthy public movements. Mr. Shaw was Nelson's third exclu- sive giiK;ery dealer. He came to the K(K)tena"y from Van(Mmver, where he was foriiK^'ly in, the gro<'ery trade, and, deciding to locate in Nelson, lost no time in transferring his stock and oixuiing a store. In the four years luid more that have elapsed since he began Vnisiness in June, 18!)!), Mr. Hhawhas established a reputation for fair and honorable dealing that has won him the confidence of the public and the IH'rmanent patronage of a g(xxl share of the best families of NeLson. His sto k. though not as large as scmie others, has always been the best that an exix^rienced buyer, with an ample capital at his command, could securw ; and, by paying cash, and by buying in quantities, lie has always been able to buy in the cheapest market. Mr. Shaw's salesrocmi is eligibly lo- cated, a few d(x)rs west of the bridge, on Baker street. Tht? amotint, variety aiul ([uality of gtxxls can-ied in stock, the attractive manner in which they are displayed, and the careful and painstaking maimer in which patrons an! s("rved, warrant us in saying this is oni! of the neatest and best appointed grocery stores in the Ktxitenays. The line of canned and bottled goods is especially full and complete, em- NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTENAY PISTRICT '9 liniciiiK Ciilifiiniia I'liiiiicil fniitK, t-uMt- t-rii <-aiiiii'(1 vt'm'tulilcH, picklt'H, coiKli- iiinitH, etc. A libcnil liiu" of Hirtr iir- lii'lcM, Hncli us cimfcctioiifry, HninkiiiK iiikI rliKwiUK tcihiu ciKiirH, etc. , is I'lirricrl, ux well un tln> xhiplcH, kucIi iik rtimr, Hiit^iir, Miilt, simp, vtv. S|HKresH of the province its Mr. A. E. Hod«iuH. Ho hao put his best thought and experience iuto the desiKuiuK nud coiiHtmctioii of niMviiicial jail, now uiuler construction. All government work for the district is under his suiK'n'i- sioii, and he is also insiM'ctor of gov- ernment roads and highways. ()iM< of the latest new Imildings of the buildings of th(^ <'itv, eit'cted a«'- conling to the ])lans of Mr. Htslgins, ih the Mara bliK'k. it is t)ie tlnest and most imtiosiug and oriia:iienliil build- ing in the city, being built of red r.iid white piTssed lU'ick, with ornaniontal paiu^l (columns. As the designer of so many of tho substantial bnihlings of tiw city, Mr. HiKlgins is thonmghly identified with the pn)sp<>rity of Nelson, and is highly estetnned, not alone as a leading con- tributor to the nKxUTii architecture of the city, but as a |)rominent and valued citizen as well. A. L. McKILLOP. Aesayer. It has «)nie to \m i-ocognized that tho successful minor must nave scien- tific as well as practical knowledge, and it is as plainly evident that tho scientific expert is no less in need of practical exix!rienco. Time was, not so many years ago, that mines were bought and sold without ((ither buyer or seller having any clear conception of oven the pn)bablo viilr -'' Ihejiro- porty. That is now all ; . igcd, and so important has the opinion of an expert become, that it would be diffi- cult to decide whether, iii a majority of instances, the pro8pneral bliicksmithiiig, horsesh(;eiiig and wagon making in the Kooteimys.-" It is fitting that Nelson, being Ihe centre of tiiide ailf* business for* so large and rich a mining section, shimld have the best of everything, iindlf'-ikt gmtifyiiig to state that this shop 'and the mauner in which it is conduct«>d are all tliat can bo desired. H. A. Pros.ser is a nntivi! of Now York having been Ixn-n in Yates c(mnty that state, in 1850. He canio west in 1878, and to British CiJnmbia in 189f). He was in business for ti time in Ross- land, but having wisely decided that Nelson will continue to bo tlni financial ond trade centre of West Kootenay, ho detomiined to ostablisli a permanent business hero. Mr. Pressor has pur- chased property hcjre, has ali-emly a gtxxl business, and will hiako Nelson his future homo. Remember, tho Nelson Blacksmith- ing Company makes anything. A. C. BUCHANAN & CO. The modem- attraotiye grocery store, with its thousand delicacies, gathered from every country and clime, has been developed within the last quarter of a century, and ahnost w.ithiu the last decade. It is almost .unknown, except in cities ofi. large ixipulation, and its coming may \m said to mark an era in a city's growth. The fine modem ston) which makes the subject of this, yketch, had its .at'-ir: NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTENAY DISTRICT ti*>KlnniiiK in Fobnmry, Ihimi, niirt it wimlil Mot tif t(M) iiincli til Niiy tliat it wiiM II liirKc I'litcrpriKr iit tlu' lM')(iiiiiiiiK Imt it liiiH Kniwii witli tlic growth of NcImiii 1111(1 lh(> widt'iiiiiK of itH trndis until it iH now oiii> of tin* liirKiwt of till' Icind ill tlut K(N)toniiyM. Tli« buxi- iii'lo niid I'fflcii'nt nianaKciuciit of Mr. Ruchauaii. Mr. (). J. WilHoii, late of Ontario, hnn rt'contly imrrluuwxl an intcrcHt in thii ImsinoHM, which continues to Im con- ducted under the Ktylc of A. C. Buchanan & Co. , and nndcr tint Joint nniiniKxnivnt of Rnchanan & WilHon. ThiH Hton) iH nior«* than a llrHt-climM wliolcMiln and rotnil Knx'cr^* Ntore. It is a modem grocery, provision und (|U(>enHware eHtnl)liHhnient, where the liDUHewife or caterer for tlic restaurant or liotel can tiiid the best of everything that K'X's to nnike up tlie suppliefi of tlu" lar(b>r, and, ax well of the pro- visions of tlie camp. In (he crock«ry de|>artment, which, in itself, would do credit to a HejMirate stort!, tliei-e in dis- playttd everything in the way of queeuxwuTi', from the finest and most elaliorate dinner sets, in Div.-«den china, to the niivdest, huujble cnx^kery used in camp, and the 8tm importHtions from England, France, (Jennauy, and the Uuittd States, with siKKual reference to the known wants of its patmuH. This house also carries one of the moHt complete stcK^kti of bar ({(kmIh in British Colombia, besides uu extensive line of American lampti and ({lass goodH. Mr. Buchanan though not brought up to mercantile business, has shown by his snccnss that he is an inborn merchant. The amount, variety, and quality of goods carried in stock, the attractive manner in which they are displayed, the courteous attention shown to iMltrons, and tlie careful, painstaking manner in which they arc served, warrant us in saying that this is one of the nioHt pleasant places to trade in Nelson. Mr. Buchanan, the active member of the Ann, was bom in Nova Scotia, in 1805. He was educated at Sydney, Cantula, and previous to coming to Nelson he taught school for four years at Vernon. Mr. Buchanan stands well in trade circ^les and is popular not only as a merchant, but as a citizen as well. skilled in i)nwr\'ative dentistry, and makes a HisM'ialty of crown and bridge work anil gold tillings. He is es- (M'cially skilled in rcnlanting ttwth, and n'lnks among t!>c leading dentists of British ('olumbiiL H. K. Hall, I). D. S., is a native of the province of Ontario. He has been a ntsident of British Columbia since IN(t7, and has pnu-ticed his pn>fesHion Ixith in New Westminster and Kam- lixii>s, and came from the latter plac«t to Nelson. He is in the true sens«! a thoroughly scientific dentist, im he has hiul iHith study and nnu'tice. He is a graduate of the Philiulelphia, Pa., ('oUege of Dentistry, in the class of IHtia. His alma mater is celebrated as the greatest dental college in the world, and it may be added that it was the first dental college in the world. The new world is the birth - l)lan)oration having estitblishe III tiIn nf rivili/<>(l lifr. Till' Hiiacr accorilrd to tliis arlicli' Ih al iiffcthrr iMsutltcii'iit fur ivi-ii a lirii'f nii'iitiiin of all till' iiii|iiii'tant intrri'stM on tliiH coiitiiiriit still liilil l>y this Kirat ('i)injiaiiv. Il must siitllrc tnsav that thr Hudson's Ray Coiiiiiaiiy still iimiiitaiiiH lliii larKcst ki'iii'ImI stores in till' Niirthwi'st. and that its Nrlsoii stun' is, in tht' varii'ty of KiKidsi'arricd, with t'li- I'xci'iition of hai'dwavc and drypMiils, fairly n'prrscntativc of its many liranchcs. The Nelson l.rancli was ostatilishi'd in May, 1H!)'«'. Tlu' mamiKi'r. Mr. (t. K. Rohson, hashccn in the I'mjiloy of ilu! Coniiiany siiico IHK.V III' was onlcri'd to Nrlsoii fniiii Kra/.'r river in 1S93 to take eharKe of the CouilKinv's liraii"h, and has sinee ('iintiime I its Imsini'S* niananer here. Mr. Uohson was l-.oni in the north of I'liiKlanil, but was many yoai-s in British Colunihia. He has, sinee leeomiiif; a citizen of Nelson, Ihor- ouKhly indentitli'd himself with the iiiteri'sts of the ffrt^at mining section of which Nelson is the triulc and iliuincial centre. He aecejited a liliice as a iiu^'.n- licr of the fh-st school Imaiil of Nelson, scrvinjr from IS!I!( to 18(17, and in many ways manifested a loyal interest in the alfairs of the community. [iride, is the dinintr iiKim. and here Mr. Curran states that he inlciiils to niiiiii' tain the lliicst eou.'^ine of any hotel in the city. To that cnil he eniiiloys a chef of more lliMii oi-diiiary sliill. Add to the lie.'*! iirovisioii-* and ilelic.ieiis thai the iiiarAit afords, tin lest culi- nary |ire|iaratioii and olilixin^ sen i'c, an I we iiave a diniii); room of which any hotel mi;;lit I.e (irouil It must not I.e forgotten thai the liar is ei|uiiMieil in itii u|i-to-date m.iniier. with wines and liijuors of the leadin'f viiilatic. The ('lull has thirty-four Kuest rooms, nil neatly and cosily furnished, and li^hlcd by electricity. Kle^aiit 1 uths, with hot and cold water aiv uIhu provided free for the use of (;iii'Sts. Mr. ("urnin is a nat've of Manitola He has hail twelve ycai-s expericH'e in hotel maiuiKeiiient, aii^ is Ihori'ii^'hly aei|iiaiiitcd with every detail of a flrst- ehiHS hiisllery. Previous to taltiuK cliarKc of the Club he held the position of steward to the Nel.son Club, a sm'ial orpinization of the lending imifeKsional i and business en of the city. j The Club csides 1 eiii|.{ a favorite 111110111; eiunnieivial men and the travel- ing public eaters also to the wants of | iK'rmaiient (jpi-ests, of which it enjoys ' the patii'nine of many of the leading > lioople of the city. I THE CLUB HOTEL. e. J. Curran. The Club Hotel was oix-ned to the public in Juno of the iin-sent year, under tlie iminagement of Mr. E. J. Cumin, than whom British Columbia liii-s no luow! ptipnliir and obllKinK b iiiifaee. No exiK'HK' MIS been spared to ninko everythint; eonnectod with the Chib esiH'eially attriK^tivo, and it is ev.' dent that its growth from a hotoi of very oi'diiiary pretensions, under previiAis uianaf^oment, when it wiw known iis the Stanley Honsti, to a place in tho front rnnks, under the new nninuge- nient. is founded u]X)n real merit. Immediately upon assuming control of the Club, a few moi; 'hs ago, Mr. Cur- ran renovated the eu. > building, and made such additions id alterations as wore noccs.sary to jake the lionse one at which tho mos' .astidions might 1m^ pleased to stop. At the same time the house wiw newly funiislied through- out. Even at tho pre-sent writing additions and ijuprovements are being IHU'fected by which tho largo ixxmi now being used as a dining i-oom will be eonverted into a billiard nxim, and in an (extension the jiiuing room will be lix;ated, iu a spaciong, well lighted and pleiiHtint room. That department of the hotc'l in which its genial proprietor takes special THE CLARKR HOTEL, M.-<. E. C. Clarke, Prop. There is probably no city of its size in all British Columbia that is blotter eiiuipjH'd tor thi^ ai^coiiiiuodation of the traveluif,' public than tlu? city of Nel- si.n, and the Clarke Hotel, though not as large as simie of its competitors, is their equal in all other respeclw. The fame of the Clarke has been a growth, and is founded upon «'al merit. The liM-ation is one of the best in the city, being only half a bliK'k f roiii Baker stix'( t, the principal business thorough - fiu'o of tho city, and yet so eh^vated that the house commands a sujierb view of the town, of the celebrated mines in tho surrounding hills and of the beautiful Kixitenay river. Tho Clarke Hotel was built in ISOO, and was more or less miccessfully cen- ducted until .Tune 18»(i, when Mrs. E. E. Clarke, a hotel woman of wide oxpericnce became its proprietor. With tho ittlvout of Mrs. Clarko tho building was thoroughly renovated, and at once made rat>id strides townnl public favor, until today it stands (m a parallel with the other first-class houses of the city. Tho Clarke has thirty-two rfioms for tho accommodation of guests, and tlu^y iir(,' all neatly and cosily fm'nishinl. Too much cannot bo said in praise of the excellent table provided at tho Clarke, where everything the market affords is sot before the guests. Every depart- ment is under the maiiagomont of a tx" lou skilled in that particular part of ». .tel work, and the proprietor has suporintc^nding care over all. Mrs. Clarke is her own steward, and says that the best only is g(xxl enough for her guests. There are, of coui«e, other hotels in Nelson maintained on a more elaborate scale than the Clarke, but it cannot be claiiinil that theii' is anotlii r where mole lioiiielike comforts and 11 i|uiet eiijoviiiciil of llu'iii call ti olifaiiii'd. Till- lioiiHc has also tin iliNliiii'lioii of lieiiii; llic llist class limiilv lioli 1 of Nelsiiii, anil of hiivini; lni' its palniiiH. espi c'liilly at its I'liiiioiis ; ntiilMy iliiiiiii-s, iliaiiv III the lli-st |Mople ol' the city. Mrs. ('la"'ction l;efoix' being registci-ed or tilled. This do- partnient is pi-ovidod with drugs of tho very highest gnide of jiurity, and is in charge of two skilled and com- petent jiroscription clerks. Besides being a leading dniggist, Mr. Teetzel is the only large dealer in assayera' snppliiw, imtside of Montreal, in Canada, and it is not too much to say his business in this department (exceeds that of his Montii>al eomixiti- tor. This is in jMirt duo to his fiiviu'- able liK'ation, but more to "lis ability to compole iu prices and to tho fact that ho handles only tho best gixxls. He is an imixirter and jobber in assay- ei-s' furnaces, cmsibles, scorrittfirs, muffles, chemicals and chemical appar- atus, and is British Columbia agent for tho Denver Fire fjhiy Company. Another feature of the business which has made Mr. Teetzel "s drag store a favorite resort for the modern disciples of Isaac Walt(m, is his unsur- passed stock of fishing tackle. Nothing has been omitted iu the .si^lection of this stock, and the angler who cannot here find tackle to suit his fancy must he indewl hard to please. Mr. Teetzel 's salesrexini is eligibly located at the comer of Baker and Josephine streets. In the elogauiie of its fittings and the attractive uianuor "::^.» 32 NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTENAV DISTRICT ,u i i I in wliicli tlui Htoi'k in (lispliiycd, this store is ll.c [x it of any pluinr.iicy in 11 (' KiHih iiayf. A iKiiulirul soda fox";n- tain, llic finrsi in Ivi'lsoii, ailorus the i-nlriiiii'i', and ll'.c dclu'ldiis ico creni;\ ;()('a.s licrc sri'vcil prove no less irreSiSV- abli) to tlio fair :iex aa;l vlieir escorts llinn the fine bno of i-.ujioriert f'j{iirs. \sliieh till an adjeininfv ease, iiro to (•-, nno.ssci;i~o of tie wied. AV. F. 'xM";'il is a native of the l)rovine(^ of ( 'nlario. Hi- lias been for :l.e past foi reen veal's a resident of ilie Kootenays, having cDsi.e to the immnlains of this province before tl.e liuildinj? of the (.'anad'an Pi.eiiie Rail- way. He has ijcon a eit;-,-eu of Nelson s.iiee May, lh!)l, and \vl.< ii the town was ineor;)ora;ed, li ;« ;han a year iifio. was elioseii to serve the e.iy as one of licr lirst aldenren, Ke is no less es- (" nied as an lionorc d aim n spected citizen than as a proi;:iirMit mtrchant and skilled pharinafist, and it is not loo nuieli to say liis r( ady .-iupixn-t of all worthy piiHit^ (ui'.erpvises has eon- tribnled iiineh to the developnieut of our mines and the pros.xrity of the cilv. ritory, where, at the towii of Bdiuou- ton, lie eiiKaRcrt in (he real estate iiud >r.)Iiei-aj;e mislne.is. He ea no to i>el- s lU in April, l;:i)ii, and openiuj; iin oiace the Allowing iiu nth, soon be- eaiiie identified with, and a hv.der in, the real e:Uato and iiunia;; and st financial and li-.ide e(-nter. WEST KOOTENAY BUTCHERINQ COnPANY. W. Q. piv-'KSON, Rta: Eslate Astent—Mlni.-.g arJ fc't cl4 Broker. In no other line of business is it more iinportant that know n and estab- iisl'.ed iiite;;rity of charac'er ;nstantly inereas.np biisi- ntss of a year and a lit If of >\elsc'ii's ires; active cva in real (.stale transrirs and buildinK- !-<■ is a; eiii fi r Addi- tion A of Nelson, and al.-^o of a Nelson svndiirat<' of investors, owning both easiness and nsident propi rty. He has some desirable suburban iiroiierty for sale, and, as well, valuable timber tracts and ranch proi.erties. All these projerties are for si'.le at desiral'le ])rie"S to investors and upon favorable (erms. Mr. Dickson handles mininji proper- ties and makes investnu ills for clients. Ke is one of ;he f(>w br.ki rs who liave not permitted their names to be used iH nil ofli((r or director of any cs solely upon output of iiiiucs or known .-ihowir.K prosixx'tK and dovelopii:ent work 1 eiiiji- done. His opr/ortuiiities fer l;ce;)iiij,' informed lespcctia;; the niiniiifr industry of the Kootenays are iiusrrfas^id. and his (( iineetiou will; eastern and Kiifflish capitalists give him s;Keial ojjportuiii- las for imblishinp tl'.(> desinibility of Eritish t'olund.i.i miniii;,' proixrty. \\. .1. (t. Dick.scm was born in ;-' cot- laud and educated in tl:e cities of (.la.sgow and ICdinbvrrj,'h. He has l>een somelhiii!; of a v\aii(b'rer, haviiif!; been for a time in Africa, and nine years in Australia. He eair.e to ( ainKhi in lf,i)l and .settled in the Nortliwest Ter- i . Traves, Manager. Th(^ busiiu-ss of the West Kootenay ruteheriiifj f'oiapany was established in lts94. It is sutficii'iitly indicative of the volnnie of business done by the house to sialic that there is .sold at wholesale from its reiri;;erators, and at retail, oicr its counters, aiinuallj', six hmidnd l(e^es, two thousand eiplit hundred mutton, ihi<>p and laiul s, over one hundred .eal calves, and more than one hundred fat hotts. This is also a fish, fjame mid oysier mark('t, and the best of everythiiif,' is on hand at ail seiusous. The West Kootenay Butchering Com- pany has its own slav.frh'ering and packing- houses, pitivided with all the iii(«Tern convenlenees for tlu' cleaiiiii.tr, handling and jireparing of meats for the nuirket. Tolh marlietand jiaekinu; house are supplied with n^frij. i rators and ce»ld storaj;(' rcKiuis, built in accor- dance with the latest seientilie authority, and in exixmse is siared in kei^piiiR thoroughly abreast of tli(; times. E. 0. Traves, founder of the West K )oi<>iiay IJutehering Company, is a Nelson pioiKcr of IfV'O, and has been, fr, m th(^ Vegln:iln;r, one of Nelson's sta-.-nchest s;ip:y)ri( i-s. Besid( s having sueeessfvlly eondiK^ed all hiS private eaterprlscs, 1 e has ta\en an activi^ 411 crest in assficiatloii with others, and lia.s always shown his supreme eonfi- deiiee in N( l.soii as the financial and ti'iide center (>f West Kootenay. He is president of I he Broken Hill JTining & In. estment (^mijiany, and as such he is OK! of the builders of the fine niod(-rii bleck now uiK'.er coustruetion oa Biikt^r and Ward streets. B. O. Travrs was born in the State of W seonsiii, U. H. ,but his parcnits having iiiiTed to London, Out., when he was o le year of a;ie, he has livinl nearly all his life in Canada. Ke came from Ontario to British Columbia in 1890, and has s nco leade Nels m his home and tilace of business. Mr. Tr.ives is widdy and favorably known in finan- cial, l)es;ne.ss and mining cii-cles, and is liberal in support of all worthy euierorises calculated to promote the upbuilding of Nelson and the great aiining industry of which the eity is the most iiniH)r'aut trade center. eliiss sheet niettil eutera largely into the adornnienis as vv(>ll as the necessary f(!atures of tlu'ir strui'iare. The present season of iiuilding has tluu-efore been a ; bus/ one for the sheet metal workers ! of irels'iii. N.iihaiiiCT. Spencer and William Ball are all around shtet metal worlcers. They are tiuiier.s, roof(>rs, galvanized in.si e^ii'iilee and skylight manufae- turerii, and makers of hot air furnace pi;)e, veiiiiiator pipe for mines, and of everything in thc^ sheet metal line entering into tlu^ various industries of a (dty or iiiining eommunity. Mi. IV'eneer eslabli.shed the business ' li(!re in KSOiS. The pre-sent firm was formed in February IHOT. The shop is (^luipped with all th(^ ueees.-iary modern niaehme tools u.si-d in sheet metal work-, and tlie tiriii keeps a stock of mat(>ri.ils in supply adeepiate to the {needs of its trade' and its <'ontracts. The iimi employs skilled pluin'ters ils well as metal worlce^rs, and conducts ii ])lum!)ing busines.-i, and makes a , spcL^ialty of furnaee heating. The linn j is not an agent for any six'eaal furnaee, but will supply any style its patrons may wish and put the same in plae(\ Jir. Ball eaine to West KtMitenay from Chatham, Out., in 18!)5. He is ; well known as an excellent mechanic ' and good citizen. Mr. bpeueiT is a native of the Prov- ,of Nova Scotia. He has been five ; yeai-s a resident of British Celumbia I and of Nelson, and is well and widely I known in mining and building circles I as one of Nelson's most eompeteut, ; tiiistworthy aiul responsible cou- ' tractor.s. THOMSON STATIONARY CO., LTD. SPENCER & BALL. Stieet Metnl Workers. The slu^et metal worker is so elosc^ly indentiiied with tb.e iiiining industry and the buildiir.; trades as to have become absolutelv neeessarv to both, and in :nodevii buildings of the better Thomas Morley, rianager. The Thomson Stationary Couipaii}', of Vaneou\er, is one of the largest mercantile houses of the kind in tht> Northwest. Its Nelson branch was es'.ablishod in April, 18i)6, by Thomas Morley, who has an inten-st in the business and is mananer of the Nelson house. The business of the Company includes imiKirtiug and wholesale inerehiinrtising. The stex'k of miseel- laiieons and library bcxiks is very com- plele. espcHnally in works suited to school and jirivate libraries, as well as in holiday b(X)ks of every description in tlicir season, and a' full line of lanvspapei's, ungaziniw and periexlieals is handl(!d. In text -books this liou.se is recognized as headquarters for West Kcxitenay. There is no other house in the province that handles so large and complete a stks on mini^i'alogy, assaying and snielting. The Company is agent for the Caligraph writing machine, Empire Typewriter, Edison Miiiieogiiiph, Parlver Ij'ountain Pen, Esterbrexik's Pens, Sp'^'uce^rian Pens, Steiilien's Inks and Stafford's Inks. In ofllce supplies the Coniiiany has the lai'trest stock ewer brought into the Province. This line includes all kinds of filiii'? deviclal wovkew, };alvuiuzetl It mauiifac- t air t'unmco lines, ami of metal line iuilustries of ity. the Imsiness >iit firm was The shop is s.-iavy modern slu'i^t metal ps a stock of Juate to the its coutrac'ts. l)lnmi;ei's as 11(1 coudncts 11 (1 mak(>s a ug. The finu K'eial fiirnaee, do its iiatrous no in place. Aist KiKitenay 11 lSi).j. He IS lent mechanic 'c of the Prov- has been Ave tish C(?lunibia "11 and widely uilding cin'los ost competent, jonsible cou- Nelson f the Company nd wliolesale t(H'k of misct>l- ;s is very coni- oriis suited to ■iiries. as w^'ll erv (h^si-ription a' full liii<' of uul peri(«Ucals «> is recognized est Kcx)teiiay. in the pwvinco and coiniiletc a 1 mineralogy. The Company ;jraph writing writer, Edison ''onntain Pen, ncerian Pens, [ord's Inks. (!ompanv lias ought into the Indes all kinds nucilage, pens, I pencil tahlets. graph supplies, pU'te in blank l«)oks f(n' offices and mining cimipanies. In fancy stationary tlie stock and ass\s drafting ■■.;..l mathemuticul instruments, crayons, tube paints, water coloi"s, di-iiwing papers, et(^ A very completi^ line of si«n'ting and spm-tsmeu's goods is also carried. A verj- large stiK^k of toys is now aiTiving for tlie holiday trade. The stiK'k also includes musical instniments, sheet music, and musical goods of all kinds. Tliis department is presided over by Mr. F. ,J. Paiiitou, an accomiilished musician. Tlie st(X'k in toto (K'cupies one of th(; largest double; salesrooms in Nelson, and a (•(rtnmoiiiotjs wawlionse in the rear for .surplu.s stiH^k. Tlu; firm name, Tliomsou Stationary C(nnpauy, is known in every mining camp aiid hamlet of tlic Kooti^nays, and the Company's ti-.ido extends to the utmost limit of tlie t(;iTitory com- mercially tribntaiy to NeLson. Mr. MorUy learned the paiM>r and stationary tra(il^s in London, England. He came to British Columbia in 1H!)0, i'.nd at ouc(! became indentifled with the tnido in Vancouver. He was for a time in the employ of Marshall, Mc- Crca & Compniiy, and in 18!(4 accept('d a ix^spousible {xisitiim witli the Thom- 8(m Stationary Company. Mr. Morley d(!votes his entire time to the manage- ment of the Company's N(>lson house, and is est(H'med no less for his conr- teiras. obliging manner tlian for his correct bu.siui«s methods. ; f(^ssion as nietnllurgist for live yours, and until his return to Canada. He . ..;"e direct from Mexico to liritish ' ('oii-.'ibia in IKDO. His lirst employ- ment here was as manager of tlie Pilot Bay smelter. Sul)se(picnt to liis '• fmplo3-ment at Pilot Bay, Mr. Hedley spent ov(;r a year in looking over tlie different mining sections of British Columbia, doing engiii. ering ^\ork occasionally, and inspecting tlic mines of all sections of the Kootenays. Mr. Hedley was installed iu his present position as manager of th(^ Hall I Mines, Limited, smelter, on Seiitcmber 1 first of the present year. His Sih^ction for the position liy a corpcn-ation so ; conspicuous for its conservatism is no . less a compliment to Mr. Hedley as a man of liigh char.icter tlian as a mctal- \ lurgist of more than (mlinary ability and cxperi(Mice. niNERS' LIVERY & FEED STABLE ROBERT R. HEDLEY. There is well merited compensation iu th(! i:,ct tliat while the west has been from its earlist historj* commer- cially and linancially tributary to the East, the East has been as constantly contributing to the West an annually increasing quota of the llt)wer of its young men, its trained scliolars and scientists. This is esiiecially observ- able iu the considerabl(> number of .skilled metallurgists of Britisli Col- umbia. Among tho.se who liave chosen the Kootenays for their field of labor, none are better or more favor- ably known than tlie pnwent superin- tendc>nt of the Hall Mines, Limited, smelter. Robirt R. Hedley was born at Amheiistburg, Out. , and was educated in Halifax, Nova Scotia and at the Lchigli University, Pa., U. S. A., where he toolv an elective coui-se in the science of metallurgy. Before entering this celebrated sdiool he hud been for three years in tlie t^mploy of the Drford Copper & Sulphur Company, whose field of operations include Canada and tlie United States, and had acquired a practical knowledge of tlu^ various methods employed by that company in the tn'Utment of ores. On le;iving the University iu 1884, he was again employtid by this company for another three years, at the end of which time lie went to Venezueli- to take tlie management of a large smel- ter, where li(> rtimained two yeai-s. From Venezuela he went to 'exioo whem he was employed in his pro- Patterson & steeper. Props. The Miners' Livery and Feed Stables now owned by Messi-s. (t. W. Patter- son and H. T. SteeiKT, were purclias<>d by them from ■Tames Ma same fair and honorable dealing that has charac- terized them lieretofore, they will continue to merit tlie enviable rejmta- tioM whicli they liavc gained among tlie business men of Nelson. J. J. WALKER, Watchmaker anil Jeweler. Many of the now hirge business establislimeiits of Nelson liegaii in a small way. Vouug iiu 11 have cume to Nelson with small capital bui with a determination to succeed, and witll faith in Nelson as the trade center of West Kooteiiay. Acting upon this (■onviction they have staked their all in business, and as a result, many of them arc tfHlay among the. solid and inrtuen- tial business men of the <'itv. >iig those who have itci ntly started in business witli a sninll stoci iiKi'i'asing it as trade demaiidcd. may be n.entioned Mr. ,J. .]. Walker, who came to Nelson from Ros.sland a few montlis ago. He lias been in British Columbia fin* two years, coming to the ])rovince from Manitoba. He is a native of New York city, wIk re he beamed tlie watchmaking trade in tlie establishment of a famous horologist. Ke is therefore a practical watchmaker and jeweler. It may l.e trathfully .said that in no line of business is the average lairchaser more dependent upon tlie honesty of the dealer tJian whim he or she Imys a flue .iewel ;)r watch. Not one mail in twenty knows anything more about a wutch than its external appearance, and the average purdiaser knows even less of pii'cious stones. How imjiortant then that our jewelei's should be men of character and business standing. The stock of goods carried by Mr. Walker has been selected with a view to supplying the wants of tlie ixople. Besides a very fine line of American watches, sterling silv( r and iilated ware and fasliionable jewelry 01 every description, he has a very complete line of optical gotKls, and is la-ovided with improved scientific aiipliances fi>.i' test- , ing abiKU-mal coiu'.itioiis of si;;iif. He also takes m'dcrs for siiecial designs of badges and otlier jewelry, which are nianufa(^tured by skilled artists. For the holiday trade Mr. Walker has selected a very complete stock of ■ goods vhich will be displayi-d in an ! attra'-tive manner, and the deiminds of all will be .served to complete satisfac- tion, at jirices Iniyond (MimiMjtition. ELLIOTT & HALE, Boat Liverymen and Builders. Among the many attractions 'if Nel- son as a place of residence, the beautiful Kootenay ri\er and lake are nut the least. Witll open water for na-igatiou all the year around, and tlie delijrhtful ! boating and fishing, mori! than half tlie year, the (piestion of desirable boats to hire becomes an im])ortant item to be considered. Fortunately, Nelson has, in Messrs, Elliott & Hale, a firm of boat liverymen and builders possessing all the requirements as to ability to supply the public witli pleasure !ioat«, 24 NELSON AND THE WEST KOOTfiNAY DISTRICT ? outiiij; lioats iiiul cauocs for hire, and capiiblc of building boats of all doscrip- tioiis. after the best d('siKiis and of the best workmanship, at Itricf notice. H. (.'. Elliott and (t. W. Hale an; uxpcriencttd shipwriKhts and boat bnilders. They siiccccdi'd to their pifsont basini'ss as proy)rietor8 of Nelson's only boat house and ship yard by i)urehas«' from H. M. Foster, iu 1895. Their live floating; boat liouses give ample space for tlieir shops and the liousiiifj of betw(^en thirty and forty l)oats, and form a conspicuous feature of Nel.son's water front. It has been said of Nelson that it is short on wlieolei.sv.!j is lon({ on boats, and that Ke aud build boats for clubs aud for individual patrons, 1 .id are responsible for all their coulra,n that it is very ccmiplete in the lines of shelf suul builders' haiilwans granite aud tinware, paints, oils, stoves, ranges and furnaces, and especially completer in miners' supplies of every disci-iption usually sold by the leading liardwans houses of British Columbia. The well known "Warrior" stoves are leaders, furnaces art! nuide a specialty of th(! business, and the house hits a tin and sheet iron shop in connec- tion with it, wliero furnace pipe is numufactured to any dimensions desired. Experienced furuace-men are also in the employ of tlio hotise, and all furuaces sold iire put in place ready for use. The Nelson Hardware Company also carries a complete line of ♦ire anus, i including rifles, shot guns ud revol- vers of standard manufai rure, and , ammunition of every description. An I excellent line (jf Ashing tackle is also kept iu stock. This house was (established by Mr. E. J.Ritchie, in the fall of ] MO, and be- gan business under very favorable auspices. The present owner, Mr. J. D. McCreath, purcha.sed the stiM'k and business in tlie present year, and began its management under still more desir- able conditions. The busy building season of IK!)7 was just lieginning, and with tlie stock in hand at the time of his purchase of tlie business, and with the new goods he add(!d to the stock soon after, he has been abh^ to supply a constantly large and increasing demand for builders' hardware, fnim the time of his purchasing tlu^ business to the pwsent writing, and, as well, to supply the usual large demand for ininers' supplies mul general hardware. J. D. McCreath is a native of Hiuiiil- ton, Cut. , where Iw, was for a number of years in the employ of Copp Brothers, the nuichiuerj' mauufae tuners. He was subsequently a comim^reial traveler for a leading impUuueut and machinery house and ctmiing in that capiu'ity to British Columbia from sea- son t to supply a isiug rtcniand rom the time IKilU'HS to tho ell, to supply for iiiiuers' vare. ive of Haniil- for a niiniber loy of Copp auufactnrers. coinuiereial apUnueut aud niiuK iu that ibia. from sea- ested iu uiiu- nterest iu tlie xold Miuiug ptod tho ix)si- ipauy's mines ai which ho rieuoe as the [)erty, no less traveler, has iwledge of the iiiug cotmtry. liuiug cii'cles, des aud the 3S his personal le business of arge aud con-