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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. rrata o aelure, 1 & □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^ 3557. Laird & Lee, Publishers. The Little Klondyke Nugget Story ports — Who Ought to Go — Medical Hardships — Best Outfit — Shortest Roi ing Useful to All — Canadian Customs Calendar — Department for Expense S>'(^ Cr .( u etc., etc. U.S. and Canada Mining La> cial Documents. 12 cm. Original print f^nrs (kk^ of backstrip rubbed ; leaves browning. r/^ Chic Collation: 150 pp. including frontispiec( ruled leaves for expense accoi on first recto; advertisement folding) . Provenance: Edward Eberstadt «& Sons, Map: Official Canadian Sketch of Fort Creeks. 12 x 7.5 cm. Official Canadian Sketch of Klor cm. (oix verso of leaf with above Map of the Alaska-Klondyke Reo Yukon Gold fields. 22.5 x 19. shers. get Story of the Discovery Official Re- jo — Medical Advice — How to Avoid Many Shortest Routes — Precious Items About Min- ian Customs Deputies — Maps and Illustrations for Expense Account, Receipts, Memoranda — a Mining Laws in Full. [At head:] From Offi- )riginal printed stiff red paper wrapper. Edges ^s browning. Chicago: Laird & Lee, Publishers, 1897 ng frontispiece, eight plates, and illustrations, 21 expense account and memoranda, with calendar advertisement on back cover; three maps (one itadt & Sons, 1945. ketch of Forty Mile and Sixty Mile Rivers and n. ketch of Klondyke River and Creeks. 12 x 7.5 if with above map). iClondyke Regions Showing Direct Routes to the 22.5 X 19.5 cm. iv ovC l^ THE LIBRARY THH UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA [.« •1 MMHMlMlliiliii •Si ft ,1 m 1 i I H . 1 ■jm 1 ;.■ t A \\ ■^^■MHMiiniHiiii mtii\wm^mmmmmmmmmm'mmimi^lKmKllltKl mm 1 n ,; ^ ) Ofi u. .^;^iiM^'44..^j;>^ wWWPfy""^ "TTfP»9!?Tt COPYKIGHT 3897 BY Wm. H. Lee i < iMHi -TTW?i?'^r^TW^»j^'{ *<«T w<.>iM' TABLE OF CONTENTS '" Page PREiAOE 7 CHAPTER I -THE STORY OF THK DIS- COVERY © Boundary line ^9 tJ, S. Gove ament Report 11 Where the Jold comes from 13 McCormaok, the Disooverer 14 Dawson City and its Founder , . . 16 The "Tenderfoot's" Country 15 C. G. Berry's ^,000.000 Mines. 16 More Lucky Finders 18 Purveying the Claims... 18 The Dark Shadow in the Picture 19 Bich Mines in Aiaska also 20 Betuming with Pull Hands 21 A Group of Fortunate Ones.. ♦..\... v..*.. 22 A Man who Liked the Cold... 25 Battles with Mosquitoes 26 The Song of the Klondyke 27 CHAP. II -WHO OUGHT TO GO TO THE KLONDYKE 28 Medical Advice and How to Avoid Hard- ▲ Model Medicine ' Chest !!.!!.*!! . . ! ..."!!.'! 30 The Climate (official reports) 31 Life Insurance Risks 33 CHAP. Ill -WHAT TO TAKE WITH YOU. 35 List of Articles Necessary for a Complete Outfit 35 Express Company to Alaska 36 How to Get One's Belongings to the Klondyke... , 37 valuable Hints About Supplies... 40 The Salt of the Earth..... 41 mmiw^mm TAJBLE OF CONTENTS. Page CHAP. IV -THE QUICKEST ROUTES 42 Approximate Distances to Dawson City (offloial) 42 By way of St. Michael , 44 Over the Chilkoot Pass 45 Over the White Pass 46 The Stikeen Route 47 The Overland or "Back Door" Route (with Special Map) 47 A Tramway Over the Pass 51 CHAP. V- MINING METHODS AND PRO- CESSES 52 Placer Mining 52 The Rooker Replaces the Pan 54 The Sluicing Process 55 Winter Mining 5« The Old Method 5t» The New Method 58 OHAP. VI-OANADIAN CUSTOMS DUTIES 59 CHAP. VII -GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT GOLD AND SILVER PRODUC- TION. , 63 Gold Production in America (1896) 63 The Decrease of Silver Value 63 Cripple Creek District 64 The History of Nugrgets 65 MINING LAWS 66 United States Laws Now in Force 66 U. S. Land Office Rules 87 Canadian Mining Regulations 1 37 Amendments to the Canadian Mining Regulations 149 CALENDAR, 1897-98 151 BLANKS FOR MONTHLY ACCOUNTS 152 MEMORANDUM 1 AGES 177 MAP OF ALL LEADING ROUTES. 7 H .mi*i ^^ 1 1 CHAPTER I. THE STORY OF THE DISCOVERY. f i I In Juno, 1867, hy the paynient of a sum of $7,200»000, Russian America became a Territory of the United States under the name of Alaska. The name "Alaska" is a corruption of Al-ay- ek-sa, the name given by the native islanders to the mainland, and signifies "great country." It contains about 577,390 sqtiare miles of terri- tory, or is nearly one-fifth as large as all the other States and Territories combined. It is larger than twelve States the size of New York. • For years it has been known that gold existed there in large quantities, to be obtained either by placer minln? or by quartz crushing; A large compa'^v, the Alaska- Ireadwell, on Doug- las Island, opposite Juneau, has been working the latter process with undiminished success. More recently, facts have come to light that give complete evidence of enormous deposits of gold along the upper part of the great Yukon River and its tributaries, especially the Eiver Klondyke. called by the Indians Thron-Diuok (river of big fish), the name of which has become suddenly so popular. Boundary Line. These stream-g all flow down from that po:r- ti^n of tbe Eocky Mountains that rises in the Northwest Territory of Canada. The present 1) zz::;::;;::::::^^^ 10 THE STOBY OF THB PI8C0VEBT. discoveries which have caused so much excite - ment are located so close to the 141st degree of west longitude— which forms there the official boundary between the American and British possessions— that it is believed by many that Dawson City- -the new mining camp—and the region arounc? it belong, by rights, to Uiiole Sam. Professor George Davidson, for many years at the head of the U. S. Government Geodetic Survey on the Pacific coast, has made the fol- lowing statement based upon his own invest! gations : /'Whatever doubt has been cast upon the position of the whole Klondyke district being in British Columbia must have erisen from a mis- understanding of the dispute existing upon the proper location of that part of the boundary line lying eastward and southward of Mount St. Elias. The north or meridian line of the bound- ary has been accurately determined. The latest information places the independent determina- tions of this meridian made by the two govern- ments at the boundary line within the width of an average sidewalk. The only local dispute that could possibly arise would be in the Forty- Mile Creek district, because the boundary line crosses sharp, steep mountain ridges of 2,500 and 3,000 feet elevation, and inferior instru- mencal means might cause a slight 'loubt as to the direction in some instances. However, no dispute has arisen in the district, nor Is it likely that any will occur. There is no doubt that the line has been satisfactorily laid down." We may, therefore, accept as fixed the fact of the British ownership of the Klondyke region; but must add that there is not a doubt in the mmmmfv ^> yw i T wnwM iT^"ii> '»40i«wt5(»'/"''M«:<;^ •"*•"» ^^#t»'ff*»»**»■-^•^*.■^'*■;*«^■•*l^'^'**''''^n-, to lO tV.^ THIS STORY OF THE DISCCVEBY. 11 mind of any mining: expert that the precious metal is to be found at an early date on Alaskan soil, in much larfirer quantities than disoovered until now. U. S. Gh^Tcrnmant Report. The report on the Yukon gold region by J. E, Spurr, the geological expert, who headed a party that made a thorough investigation in Alaska in the summer of 7896. giving now faots about the interior, watt made public Aug. 10. 1896. It said as to the Forty Mile gold district, that in the latter part of 1887 Franklin Gulch was struck *.ad the first y^^ar the creek is estimated to have produced $4,000. Ever since It has been a con- stant payer. The character of t|ie gold there is nuggety, masses of $5 weight being very com- mon. The yield of the first year after the dis- covery of Forty Mile has been variously estima- ted at from $75,000 to $150,000, but $60,000 |)robably covers the production. #The discovery of Davis Greek and a stampede from Franklin Gulch followed in the spring of 1888. In 1891 gold mining in the interior as well as on the coast, at Silver Bow Basin and Tread- well, received a great impetus. The ©vent of 1892 was the discovery of Miller Creek. la the spring of 1893 many new claims were staked and it is estimated that eighty men took out $100,- 000. Since then Miller Creek has been the heavi- est producer of the Forly Mile district, and until recently of the whole Yukon. Its entire ength lies in Bdtish possessions. The output for 1893, as given by ihe mint director, for the Alaskan creeks, all but Miller Creek being in Ameri- can possessions, was $198,000, with a mining iH>pulation ori96. i 12 THIS 8T0BT OF THE DI8C0VBBY. The total amount produoed by the Yukon placers in 1895 was double that of the previous year. In 1896 the output had doubled again. Forty Mile district in the summer of 1896 is described in the report as looking as if it had seen its best days, and unless several now creeks are discovered it will losf> its old position. The Birch Creek district was last summer in a flourishing condition. Most of the gulches were then running, miners were working on double shifts, nighi and day, and many large profits were repc ied. On Mastodon Creek, the best producer, over thirty miners were at work, many expecting to winter in the gulchi As to hydrauiieking, the report says: ** Some miners have planned to work this and other good ground supposed to exist under the deep covering of moss and gravel in the wide valley of the Mam- moth and Crooked Creeks by hydrauiieking, the water to be obtained by tapping Miller and Mas- todon Creeks near the head. It will be several years before the scheme can be operated, be- cause both of the present gulches are paying well and will continue to do so at least five years/' Following is the report on the Klondyke dis- trict: "With the announcement of gold here in the winter of 1896-97, there was a genuine stampede to the new region. Forty Mile was almost de- certed. But 350 men spent the winter on the Klondyke, ii gulcnes. and at the new town of Dawson. The more important parts of the dis- trict are on Bonanza and El Dorado Creeks. According to the latest information 400 claims had been located up to January 1, 1897; about wmiimmmmmmmmmfm.-\iiuj.^.dii .. H WrJUiU P J i iiii p w i ^» THE STORY OF THE DISCOVERY. 13 half as many on El Dorado Creek. There is plenty of room for many more prospectors and miners^ for the gulches and creeks which have shown good prospects are spread over an area of 700 square miles." The estimated Alaskan gold production for 1896. made by the Spurr report, is $1,400,0«0; It Is expected to reach $7,000,000 in 1897, and probably $15,000,000 or more in 1898. Where the Oold Comes From. In another official report. General DufBeld, Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, speaking of the origin of all this placer gold, said: " The gold has been ground out of the quarts; by the pressure of the glaciers, which lie and move along the courses of the streams, exerting a tremendous pressure. This force is present to a more appreciable extent in Alaska than else- where, and I believe that, as a consequence, more placer gold will be found in that region than in any other part of the world." He added that the gold hunters on the American side of the line have made the mistake of prospecting the large streams instead of the small ones. " When gold is precipitated," he said, ** it sinks. It does not float far down stream. It is, therefore, to be looked for along the smaU creeks and about the headwaters of the larcrer tributaries of the Yukon. There is," he added, "no reason why as rich finds may not be made on the American side of the line as in the Klondyke district." i'iually. as a result of a conference between the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the United States Mint, it was decided to send 4 ■ if ii It W^f^SmSBBBSBSm Tsmsi m^m 14 THE STOBT OP THB DISOOVBRY. a mining expert into the Klondyke country next spring to make an estimate as to the probable amount of gold in this region. In reaching this oonoluslon the Treasury De* partment followed the precedent established in the case of the gold discoveries in the Rand, South Africa. When those discoveries were reported, the Bothschilds sent Hamilton Smith, of New York, to estimate the value of the fields, and he reported $3,000,000»000 as his estimate. Mining experts doubted the correctness of Mr. Smith's conclusions on aeooiint of the small- ness of the space occupied by the m^nes, and the German government sent Bergath Schmeiser, a noted mining engineer, to make a report. The government of the United States followed Ger- many's example by sending George F. Becker, Both Schmeiser and Booker agreed with the statement of Mr. Smith, and developments have 6hown that all three were right. McOormack, the Discoverer The Klondyke region was prospected in 18«6'87, end some gold taken from it, causing a mild excitement in the immediate vicinity. An Illinois man named George McCormack married a squaw and settled in the country in 1887; his wife's relatives revealed him the secret— gener- ally so wel! kept by the Indians--of large de- posits of gold, and in 1896 he located a rich placer on Bonanza Creek, flowing into the Klondyke stream, and with primitive appliances washed out $1,200 worth of gold in a few days. The next productive creek was discovered and named El Dorado by two other Americans— F. W. Cobb, of Massachusetts, and Frank Phis- I A WfMMI THE 8T0BY 01' THE DISCOVKBY. 15 cator, the latter from Miohifran. They were to- tally ine::perienced in the mining business, and are now worth millions. , These great finds, followed by many similar ones during the summer of 1896 and the spring of 1897. started a stampede from all the neigh- boring camps— Circle City, Forty Mile, etc« ^ lyawsoxk City and its Founder. The city of Dawson was patented and plat- ted in September, 1896, by Mr. Joseph Ladue, and had soon a population of 3»500 souia, increasing now at the rate of several thou- sand a month. Its founder and first mayor was born in Schuyler Falls, N. Y., where he worked as a farm hand until 1882. Then he went prospecting for gold in the Black Hills, made money, and lost it in speculation. He drifted to Alaska and ran a saw-mill and general store at Sixty Mile. He made money selling lumber at $100 a thousand feet, although he had to pay $12 and $15 a day for help. He is now in New York and has capitalized his Klondyke holdings— mines and city lots— for $5,000,000, prominent business men from Canada and the United States constituting his board of di- rectors. The "Tenderfoot's" Country. Another group of four men— all "tenderfeet" or "chacoes," as they are called by the Indians, the Stanleys (father and son) and the brothers Warden— started from Seattle, where they had suffered from the hard times, and reached Dyea in April. 1896, They crossed the Chilkoot Pass. carrying their own pack, and after many perils SB 16 THE STOBV OF THE DISCOVEBY. a encountered and sufferings endured, located four claims on the El Dorado Croek. From twd of these claims they took $112,000 in 1896 and the spring of 1897, and their holdings are esti- mated to be worth two millions. Some of their pans yielded as high as $200 per pan. Sometimes miners refuse pay for their work, but will accept work on shares, their interest r Sluicing for Gold, in the gold panned that day to be settled every night. It is not rare to see such "lays," as they are called, produce to the interested miner as high as $1,000 a week. 0. ^. Berry's $2,000,000 Mines. The next in order among the brilliantly suc- cessful discoverers of creeks and gulches in the ! ip ■■"^■■'■"''^Wllppllpl^plqw'p?'*^*?^'"^ THE STORY OF THE DISCOVEBY. 17 Elondyke district is a youn^ Californian, Mr. Clarence J. Berry. Poorly successful as the owner of a fruit ranch near Fresno, Gal., he de- cided to try his luck on the Yukon. He reached Juneau with only $60 in his pocket, but be^an undaunted the terrible trip over the Chilkoot Pass and the series of lakes. He reached Circle City and made his living as best he could while looking around for a good location. In the fall of 1895 he returned home almost as poor, but with greater faith than ever in the future of v.he district. He ^ntirried on the strength of these hopes, and m Ae his wedding trip to Forty Mile. In September the news of the McCormack dis- coveries on Bonanza Creek struck the Forty Mile settlement, and he located a claim 18»dOO feet above theflrst and original discovery point. He struck it "rich" at once, and was soon able to build a comfortable home for his wife in Dawson City, the new camp. He secured an- other claim, this time on El Dorado Creek, and grew rich at a great rate. In a few months he took out $130,000, paying his miners $22,000 out of the amount. During the winter he kept the men at work "burning" and throwing the gravel aside to be "panned" or "slaiced" in the summer. He paid each of them $15 a day wages, and settled with them every evening by just washing a panful of dirt with melted snow. Whenever his wife felt like increasing her pin- money, she just went to one of the gravel heaps, took out a panful, washing its gold and keeping it. She soon had $10,000 made that way. They came home in the suminer of 1897, and Mr. Berry was offered $2,000,000 for his holdings. It is said that he has accepted. iiHMHiMMHMMM immmmumMm wmm 18 THE ST?ORY OP THE DISCOVERT. More Lucky Finders. In November, 1896, Thomas Flack, William Sloan and a man by tlie name of Wilkinson sunk a hole eigateen feet deep in El Dorado Creek, and struck a four-foot pay streak that went $5 to tho pan, or $2.50 to the shovelful. They shoveled out ton after ton of dirt that was liter- ally filled with gold, and did pot know it. The news of the new strike was spread out ail over the Northwest, and not only prospectors but practical mining men came to the diji-gings. Soiuo capitalists saw tho Flack mine, and bought out his partners, Sloan and Wilkinson, for $50,000 each, but Flack would not sell, which proved his sense, as ihe men who purchased his partners' interest got over $50,000 each out of the dump that the trio had discarded before they struck the pay streak at the oigiiteen-foot level. A miner by the name of Alex MacDonald took out $94,000 from a forty-foot patch of ground only two feet thick. He employed four men to do the work and consumed but twenty-eight days. That gravel went $250 to the pan, and was in claim No. 30, Ei Doradc Creek. Different men have cleaned up from $175,000 to $50,000 in fine gold, and all of it was done during throe months of the past winter. Out of El Dorado Creek alone came $4,000,000, and at least $1.000, 000 from Bonanza Ci eek. How much more there is in it is impossible to say, but to all appearances the whole district is full of gold waiting to be taken out. i Surveying the Claims. Just as soon as the rush began at Bonanza Oreek the miners called a meeiing, and in Mm THE STORY OF THE DISCOVEEY. 19 I. order that the claims bo relocated and made sure of, it was decided to measure them all off with a rope, and reset the stakes that defined them. Somehow or other the men selected to make the measurements slid in a forty instead of a fifty foot rope, and thus made the claims from fifty to one hun-^ ed feet short in the totiil. In other words, they were con- densed, and the ground left out was literally grabbed. This state of affairs incensed the miners so that when they made the discovery of how the measurements were conducted, they petitioned the Dominion Land Surveyor to come up to Bonanza Creek at once and settle the complications that were arising. He re- surveyed the whole group of claims and the matter was then adjusted to the satisfaction of all hands. But even nuw some of them are a little short. The custom in talring up placer claims is to locate 500 feet the way the valley lies, and then run ELcroi^s from base to base of the foothills. la the Bonanza Creek it Is 800 feet to th(i baso lines. The D(,^minion Land Surveyor is also a magis- trate, and ha^ the power to take sworn testi- mony, w'jiich he did in the case of the false mea«ureraents. The men who had engaged in the work, both of playing short rope and shift- ing stakes, a crime punishable by seven years in the penitentiary, told all they knew, and clemency was shown them, owing to their greatly excited condition at the time. None of them were prosecuted. The Bark Shadow in the Picture. Now, let us look a little at the other aide of the i^_g, i\Mmot igtamgmm^fmi wftim&>mfKimi>fifillfi'» » *' } < M < ii >. m i fmrnm - 20 THE 8T0BY OF THE DI8C0VKBY, question, quoting letters from and conversation with competent parties; H. Dore, Thomas Moran, and Joe Deorache, of the Klondyke party, came to Chicago in August, 1897» loaded down with " pay dirt." . They were going to their homes, near Montreal, Canada, to spend the winter. Dore was one of the first in on the Klondyke discovery. '•I left Quebec two years ago,** said he, "and remained at Forty Mile Creek all winter. There was nothing in it but hard work. When the Klondyke was discovered I abandoned my claim at Forty Mile Creek, and was one of the first to take a claim. I traded in my Forty Mile Creek claim for a third interest in a mine at Klondyke. ** I worked hard all last winter and made s ^me money. How much ? Well, I do not believe in saying. i.ll this talk about gold is exciting peo- ple to a frenzy, and I consider it bad. I do not know how it is going to end unless there are more discoveries, Klondyke will support about 6,000 people. I expect there are fully 10,000 people there now, I fail to see how they can get along. Of course Alaska is a big country. It has no., ^een scratched by prospectors yet. Ther^ is ro in for a population of 3,000,000 people if they cr*n find additional mines and get food enough up there. That is the trouble. There neviiT has been enough to eat for the people who would develop the country. Bich Mines in Alaska Also. "I have no doubt there are as rich, if not richer, mines in Alaska than what have been found. But the flrst thing is to find these other localities. That is what the people who go there MkJlAkAdlMi^i U^m ■■<^-^-^- " PPI^ ""^l^^p^^^" THE STOBY Of THE filSCOVEBY, 91 ..( next summer will have to do. There is no room for them in theKlondyke iield. But, as I say. it is a big country and there are liable to be some immense finds. Only last fall Klondyke was comparative unknown. There was some gold found on the surface and then the rush began. Nothing was known as to what was beneath until along in the winter, •'Yes, I shall go back in the spring. My friends tell about the same story as my self. We all have made some money and are going to take a rest. I only want to warn people about rush- ing to the Klondyke in the fall of the year. There is noticing in it and they will be stuck at the coast. It will be a long, dreai*y winter, and many will be so discouraged that they will turn back in the spring." Here is another unbiased opinion passed upon the same subject: Beturning with Fnll Hands. Charles E. Meyers, who disappeared from his home in Rockford, 111,, twenty-oue years ago, returned August 14, 1897, bringing a fortune from the Klondyke gold fields. Meyers went to Alaska in 1 892, shortly before the first settlement was made at Circle City. With a party of miners he pushed eastward through Chilkoot Pass and reached the gold fields. He located a claim on Bonanza Creek and for a year has been adding to his hoard of the yellow metal. On returning to the States a few days ago he brought over $100,000 and will give his sisu-r a fortune. Meyers s? oke entertainingly of Klondyke and the hardships that must be endured there. He immtmgtiimm^tgtuimmmMumMmmm^ '•"■■"— ■^'■**^***-''^ mmmmSlmi ipif^pppip^if? 22 THE STORY OF THE DJSCOVEBY. said that hundreds of the men who are rushing to that country now must perish. Lack of food and a climatB to which they are unused wiU cause their death. He added: " We who have been there years have taken every claim that has been found that promises to pay richly. There is, of course, room for all who go, but the new miner will find the summer almost gone before he can reach a claim that will repay working. "liie hardships of the Alaskan winter are indescribable, and any man who can make a living in this country Is a fool to go to that land of cold in search of riches." In appearance Meyers looked the typioal minor, and his dress indicated the land whence he came. He wore a nugget worth $150 as a boutonniere, and his watch is held by a chain of nuggets worth $500. He carries dozens of small nuggets anu distributes them with prodigal hand among his old friends. Meyers is a man of unusual intelligence and intends writing a series of articles on his Alas- kan experiences. He w^ill return to Circle City next year to engage in the transportation busi- ness, and also to develop by proper machinery a rich claim he has located. He believes the Alaskan gold fields offer unlimited opportunity not only to mining companies but traders. A Group of Fortunate Ozies. Bight lucky discoverers from the Klondyke were registered about the middle of ^August, 1897. at the Great Northern Hotel and Palmer Hov *j,in Chicago. ^mm '.k :;"1 ■^^-m!l^rM!!^.t.^rice8 were in proportion. Fresh meat cost $1 a pound. Wo paid $1.50 for a cup of coffee and a sandwich up to the time we left there for home. "Everyman going in snould take provisions with him as a measure of economy, if not of necessity. Last winter 200 men, with $1,000,000 ^^mi» wmm 26 THE STOBY OF THE DISCOVERY. among them, came within an ace of actual starva- tion. The little food was common property, and I never itnew of a miner refusing to divide with his neighbor, even down to the last sacls: of flour. "There will be lots of suffering and, perhaps, some lawlessness. The old prospectors are pre- paring for and predicting a hard winter, I con- sider it p.bsolutely impossible to reach the Klon- dyko after September 1. Battles with the Mosquitoes. " Our partV started in June. "We went up the Stikeen Eiver and were nearly driven back by mosquitoes. The half has never been told of this pest in Alaska. I have seen the sun almost darkened by mosquito swarms, and once our pack train was stampeded by them and we lost half of our supplies. "On the way down the Lewis River we stop- ped several times to fish and to prospect. Both Chappie and myself were green at prospecting, but we took $500 out of the bars on the Hota- linqua Biver in twenty days with a rocker and gold pan. This money paid for our grub stake. We heard nothing of the Klondyke strike until we reached the Oassiar Bar, where we met two men coming out who told us the news. "We pulled up and started as quickly as pos- pible. We arrived in October, after all the good claims were staked. "We first started to build a cabin, but before it was done we got a ohano^ to work a claim on shares. This gave each of us one -fourth interest tn the output. We took out $80,000 in thirty days from Claim 30 on El Dorado Creek, and y^ iii ■miiii ■miia THE STOBY OF THE DISCOVERY. 27 ^£2,000 in twenty clays from 36 El Dorado. T am now interested in HO El Dorado, 27 Hunker, 3A Hunker, 8A iionanza, 50 bolow discovery Bonanza, and No. 1 Guy Gulch. All are rich,, and among the beft^. in the district. " THE SONG OF THE KLONDYKE. All you miners, wide awake ! (Go to the Klondyke; malce your tstake. G«t out your pick, your pan, your pack, Go to the Klondyke; d^n't oome back. Ho, for the Klondyke, ho ! There's ffold enough for you and me, On the hil! and the plain, wherever you be; And it's 3'ellow and rich, and heavy as lead, But half of (he truth has never been said. }Io, for the Klondyke, ho ! No man there has ever been broke, And there's g:old enough for the Wi)m«n folk; And the nights are short when the daya are long; So pack your tools and sing this song : Ho, for the Klondyke, ho ! CHORUS. Ho, for the Klondyke, Ho, for the KlondyKe, Ho, for the Klondyke, ho! Put on your pack And don't come back Till you All your sack On the Northwest track. Ho, ho, for the Klondyke, hot CHAPTER IT. WHO OUGHT TO GO TO THE ^ KLONDYKE. Medical Advice and How to Avoid Hardships. To give absolutely safe medical advice on the subject of who should and who should not go to the Klondyko is a hard task. The common talk about the fatal effects of arctic cold may be dis- counted largely. Man—especially man reared in the temperate zone -has the power of assimi- lating himself with climatic changes more than any other mammal. Changes from hot to cold, from moist to dry. from high altitudes to sea coast, and the reverse, are found beneficial in indiviaual cases in the highest degiee. For many constitutions the bracing < ffect of a trip to Northern latitudes is positiveh benefi- cial. Snow and ice are not in themselves by any means injurious to the physical health of the Average native of the temperate zone, unless the soil of thw district where they occur is of a nature to retain dampness. Clays are bad in this re- spect ; gravelly soils are safe. Scientific records have well established that the average duration of h\iman life is greater In proportion as the residence is advanced from the equator toward the poles. There is more risk 'lSSMt^^Js^;:Mmsmmmmm 28 iiiiiMiiiiiiiMiiiiM igjigm^iM| mgu nmiittiiiiiWniiJii . «««W" ke region to include in their out/its a medicine [chest containing the follow- ing drugs, the cost of which should be within $10: Quinine pills ,. „ 50 Comi)Ound cathartic pills , 50 Aoetanilid tablets . 3 dozen Chlorate potash 1 box Mustard plasters 6 Belladonna plasters 6 Carbolic salve 4 ounces Chloroform liniment 8 ounces Wit^h hazel... 1 pint Essence ginger 4 ounces Paregoric... 4 ounces Laudanum , 1 ounce I^^^i^ajc 4 ounces Tincture iodine 1 ounce Spirit&of nitre 2 ounces Tincture of iron 1 ounce m CLIMATE, MEDICAL ADVICE, ETC. 31 Oough mixture 8 ounoes Toothache drops 1 bottle Vaseline 1 bottio Iodoform 2 drams Lint 2 y ards Assorted bandages ; ^2 dozen Rubber adhesive plasters 2 feet Absorbent cotton 4 ounces Mousell's salts for hemorrhages— In quantities in accordance with the ^ erson's liability to at- tacktf of the trouble. The Climate. fl''BOM OFFICIAL KEPOBTS.] Tlie climate of the Interior, including in that designation practically all of the country except a narrow fringe of coast margin and the ter- ritory before referred to as temperate Alaska, is one of extreme rigor in winter, with a short but relatively hot summer, especially when the sky is free from cloud. In the Klondyke region in midwinter the sunrises from 9:30 to 10a.m. and sets from 2 to 3 p. m., the total length of daylight being about four hours. Remembering that the suu rises but a few degrees above the horizon and that it is wholly obscured on a great many days, the character of the winter mouths may easily be imagined. The United States coast and geo- detic survey published a series of six months' observations on the Yukon', not far from the site of the present gold discoveries. They were made with standard instruments and are wholly reliable. The mean temperatures of the months from October, 1889, to April. 1890, both inclusive, were as follows : ammm m^mm mnw w •WP 82 CLIMATE, MEDICAL ADVICE, ETC. October, 33 degrees; November. 3 degrees; December, 11 degrees below zero; January, 17 below zero; February. 15 below zero; March, 6 above; April, 20 above. The daily mean tem- perature fell and remained below the freezing point (32 degrees) from November 4, 1889, to April 21. 1890, thus Riving 168 days as the length of the olosed season of 1889-90, assuming that outdoor operations are controlled by tem- perature only. The lowest temperatures regis- tered during the winter were 32 degrrees below zero in November, 47 below in December, 59 below in January, 65 below : n February, 45 below in March, and 26 below iv. April. The greatest ocntinuous cold ooourrad in February, 1890, when the daily mean far five consecutive days was 47 degrees below zero. "Greater cold than that here noted has been experienced in the TJaited States for a very short time, but never has it continued so very cold for so long a time. In the interior of Alaska, the winter sets iix as early as September, when snowstorms may be expected in the mountains and passes. Headway during one of those storms is impossible, and the traveler who is overtaken by one of them is fortunate if he es- capes with his life. Snowstorms of great se- verity may occur in any month from September to May, inclusive. "The changes of temperature from winter to Bummer are rapid, owing to the great Increase in the length of the day. In May the sun rises at about 3 a. m. and sets about 9 p. m. In June itrlsps at 1:30 o'clock in the morning and sets at about 10:30 o'clock, giving about twenty hours of daylight and dixf'ise twiUght the re- i 61 ''"'>-''V"'>iif>ilMriP_'.-''^»at*-Ai_*! ^gigHlgll .....^.^..^^..^ M.-^.. lllMk4j4k.'< une 1 sets nty re- lE«in«"(Huviippppm.W9 139'iO fe*..^ .^3-i liiiiiiiliiiiimiliiiiilii'ilfri mmm 'l CLIMATE, MKDICAl. ADVICE, ETC. 33 mainder of the time. The mean summer tem- perature in the interior doubtless pangos be- tween 60 and 70 legrees, according to elevation, being higher « in the middle and lower Yukon valleys.*' Life Insuraii06 Bisks. I ife insurance companies in the United States ^ %>/nsider the uncertain conditions of the Klon- dyke regions so endangering to health that they have warned their agents against insuring any one bound for the gold fields in the land of the midday night. fi ' One man was heard to express the situation like this : " If I get to the Klondyke and make a stake, I will have money to burn and the insur- ance will be easy. If I don't pull a big thing out of the i- ;';nd out there I wiii never show up again ^h;^ ^^'11 make a winner on the life insur- ance. V {? Xfie In V York Life Insurance company was the first to realize the situation, and soon all the regular companies' agents began to ask applicants: " Are you going to the Klondyke?" The Equitable Life Assurance company is said to be contemplating fixing an extra rate of insu nee for Alaska gold hunters. When Prof. Chfc . - Tlaln made his arctic trip he secured insuii, sfi t»y paying $5 to a $1,000 risk more than the regulai rate, and this added amount may be adopted ty the Equitable company, but the local agents have not yet received official f information to that effect. Owing to the incontestable features of most of the insurance policies sold in recent years the insurance companies cannot void a policy that ">">i«P*nnfK>"'>i»*^.-*t * ni^» 4 >»*i< tf» ?^ I5W"*'*H^^W''W^''t'*''^ * CHAPTER III. >!1 WHAT TO TAKE WITH YOU. List of Articles Necessary for ^ Complete Out- fit for a Klondyke Expedition. — Weight. Lbs. Cost. Articles. Clothing „ 65 Two suits heavy und^^rwear. 6 pairs heavy woolen stockings, 2 pairs blanket lined mittens, 1 heavy mackinaw coat, 2 pairs mackinaw troupers, 2 dark wool- en overshirts, 1 heavy sweater, 1 heavy rubber lined top coat, 2 pairs heavy rubber boots, or arc- tic overshoes with felt leggins, 2 pairs shoes, 1 Canadian snow- shoeing cap, I pair extra heavy blankets, 1 suit oil clothing. 2 pairs overalls, needles, thread, beeswax, and towels. Qrocories , 590 Three hundred and fifty pounds of flour, 150 pounds of bacon, 50 pounds of beans, 10 pounds of tea, 5 pounds of baking powder, 60 pounds of salt, 25 pounds dried fruit, 25 pounds of desiccated veg- etables, 5 pounds of soap, 1 tin of matches, ^2 pound of saccharine. 35 $75 50 fmm wmmmm B?5RRS555PSSi»R'!^^ 36 OUTFIT AND TBANSPORTATIv'iN. ii $50 29 20 Hardware '^^ One long-handled shovel. 1 pick, 1 ax. 5 pound. ^ of wire nails, 5 pounds of pitch, 3 pounds of oak- um, 2 large files, hammer, brace- and-bit. large whipsaw, 150 feet Ss-inch rope, drawknife, chise!, scythe, stone, shaving outfit, cooking uteneils, 2 buckets, and gold pan. Armament 40 One repeating rifle, 40-82, with reloading tools and 100 rounds of brass-shell cartridges. 2 large hunting knife, and an assortment of fishing tackle. Camping outfit 30 One heavy canvas tent, 8x10. 1 heavy canvas sleeping bag, 1 sheet-iron stove, made in col- lapsible form, and with telescopic pipe; guy and peg ropes for tent. Totals 795 $224 Cost and weight of outfit and expense of transportation can bo materially reduced by prospectors traveling in groups of three or four, as one camping, hardware, and armament rig will answer for two men. In traveling by steamer or rail, 1 50 pounds of baggage is checked free for each passenger. An Express Company to Alaska Ports. The Alaskan Pacific Express Company was organized in August. 1897, to transport mer- chandise, money, and valuables to and from 1 ■MMBMMHM 7:n3:?rT::!;T5SEsr::nrrr!n:^^ OUTFIT AND TRANSPOBTATION. 37 ^ points touched by the company's steamers In Alaska, particularly between Tacoma, Seattle, and Port Townsend, and Dyea, Juneau, Bitka, Skagaway, Wrangeli, and intermediate points. How to Get Tour Belongrings to the Klondyke Region. From San Francisco or Seattle to St. Michaels or Dyea by sea, above 200 pounds, which go free, the steamship companies charge 10 cents a pound, and refuse to accept more than 1,000 pounds per passenger. These rates, of course, may come down when more steamers are placed on the route to the new gold fields. Over the St, Michael's all water route, the Alaska and the North American companies take care of the baggage and freight up to Dawson City, that is during the short summer season- Juno to September— when navigation over the Yukon river is opened. Passengers over the Dyea inlet anr* the moun- tain passes have to take full charge of their belongings from the moment the steamer reach^^s the harbor, which is practically no harbor at all. The vessel anchors quite a distance from land, and arrangements must be made at very high prices for transporting the goods in canoes from the steamer to ** terra flrma.' Surveyor Ogilvie says about the Alaska Indians, whose exactions are to be met at every corner the moment Alaska is reached: " These Indians are perfectly heartless. They will not render even the smallest aid to each other without payment ; and if not to each other, much less to a white man. I got one of them. i^.^mtM' .'*i'.*'<*»-;*lSk««fcH»! r?«l)«y.W>*<*«.^*(,fj l,.** <1 (; i; 38 OUTFIT AND TRANSPORTATION. whom I had previously assisted with his pack, to talce me and two of my party over a small creek in his canoe. After putting us across he asked for money, and I gave him half a dollar. Another man stepped up and demanded pay, stating that the canoe was his. To see what the dd Ove^r the White Pass, result would be, I gave to him the same amount as to the first. Immediately there were three or four more claimants for the canoe. I dismissed them with a blessing, and made up my mind that I would wade the next creek." Bii Mil mmi Rj:?sa5r?wnrmj3ST=sn:xsiT5S3S ^ OUTFIT AND TRANSPOBTATION. 39 At the writing of this book the Indians were obtaining from 18 to 25 cents a pound for carry- ing miners* supplies over the Chilkoot Pass. There were not enough horses or Indians to carry over one-tenth part of the accumulated goods. Once on the other side of the mountains, Lake Lindeman is reached, and a boat and a raft have to be purchased or built to be used for the rest of the trip. In August. 1897, lumber was sold by the small ^aw-mill in operation there at the rate of $150 per thousand feet. Boats were not to be had at any price; and. as a rule, the travelers have got to do their own ship-building and carpentering. In fact, people, to save time, should take their boats with them from San Francisco or Seattle. A knock-down boat that will carry a ton eostb about $18 and weighs about 200 pounds. It is taken apart, with no pieces more than six or seven feet long, and packed for shipping. The principal objection to them is that the Indians and packers dislike to contract to carry them over the mountains on account of their awkward shape. One builder has worked out a model for a galvanized iron boat that can be carried in sections fitting to- gether like a "nest" of custard dishes, and can be put together with small bolts. A canvas folding boat that will carry two tons and is con- structed on good lines would be very available for the rivers and lakes. A keel, mast, and some additional bracing could be added after reaching the interior. wm Kimm^m^ »•«»«<*<*«'»«♦'<"•"■ 40 OUTFIT AND TEANSPOBTATION. Valuable Hints About SuppUes. P. S. Ruokraan, of Chicago, who has spent several years in the Klondyke distrlot. predicted an abundance of hardship and privation, not to mention sickness that may befall the seeker after gold who goes to Alaska equipped as some have recommended. He said: •• Having spent several years in Alaska, I want to warn those who contemplate going there against the imaginative estimates of the amount of food one should take into the country for a year's tour. I have been shown a recommenda- tion like this : 250 pounds of flour, 150 pounds of bacon. 100 pounds of beans, 10 pounds of tea, 10 pounds of bakinj^r powder, 5 pounds of salt, etc. Now we will say that with 100 pounds of oornmeal 250 pounds of flour would be suflBloient for a year, but when they say 10 pounds of bak- ing powder and 5 pounds of salt there is some- thing wrong. Ask any housewife how much baking powder she uses to 250i>ounds of flour. She will tell you about a pound to every 100 pounds of flour. And as for salt, why, one would use five pounds to salt down the hind quarters of a moose or caribou. To be, without salt would be as faUil as to be without food. Salt Is as essential as flour, if not more so, and any one who goes to Alaska, should figure on at least three pounds a week. That is about 100 to 150 pounds a year. •*Now, 100 pounds of beans is about equal to about 100 quarts, and 100 quarts for one person should last, provided he eat them twice a day, about 800 days, or more than two years, while his flour would last him 250 days. Ten pounds mt^ mMi IMBi mam mmtmmm^m TTrrrr ' ' ^Mmre'^^^^^fi^^r'^^"' OUTFIT AND TRANSPORTATION. 41 of tea would lasthlra 20 months, and 10 pounds , of soap would last him a lifetime, as miners use I sand i a place of soap. * ** Forty feet of flve-inch ropo is also specified, which ishardly sufficient to tie a couple of knots. J If one was in the midst of a current that required I an anchor tlfty feet would hardly be enough; 350 I feet w ould be nearer a prospector's line. Fifty feet might make a good wliip, but not a lino for I I a Yukoner. They fui ther describe a heavy can- I f vas sleeping bag, which I have never seen, a common tarpaulin having always answered for a bed when laid over spruce or tamarack boughs. Still people read with interest these illusive revised lists of outfits, little dreaming of the trouble they will bring." The Salt of the Earth. Just how valuable salt sometimes becomes in the gold fields is iJUistrated in a story told by a miner who lately returned from there. His party ran out of that useful article, and it seemed that they would die without it. They came across another party that had salt, but re- fused to part with it. A pitched battle was about to begin for possession of the salt, when some one suggested that those who owned the salt were not overly flush with gold dust, while those who had no salt had plenty of gold. It was then arranged thj^it gold should be weighed against the salt, and this was done. ^ mm •ji'ti CHAPTER IV. I THE QUICKEST ROUTES. Approximate Distances to Dawson City. [FBOM CANADIAN GOVERNMENT DATA] VIA ST. MICHAEL. Miles. San Francisco to Dutchi Harbor 2,400 Seattle or Victoria to Dutcti Harbor. . . . 2,000 Dutch Ha,rbor to St. Michael 750 St. Michael to Dawson City 1.600 VIA DYEA INLET AND CHILKOOT PASS, OE 8KAGAW AY AND WHITE PASS. Seattle or Victoria to Dyea or Skagaway 1,000 Dyea or Skagaway to Dawson City 575 VIA STIKEBN KIVEB. Seattle or Victoria to Wrangell 750 Wrangell to Telegraph Creek 150 Telegraph Creek to Teslin Lake 150 Teslin Lake to Dawson City 600 DISTANCES FBOM HEAD OF DYEA INLET. Head of canoe navigation, Dyea inlet.. 5.90 Forks of Dyea River.. 8.3S Summit of Dyea Pass 14.76 Landing at La ke Lin deman 23.06 Foot of Lake Lindeman 27.49 Head of Lake Bennett 28.09 42 750 150 150 600 MilKfBWMW THE QUICKEST BOUTSS. vmsmwamm. 4» aHHH5»«»-J»i^^:'^*r-"-^^ - JUijJL,ii..... mum 44 THE QUTCKE8T B0UTE8. Foot of Lake Benn«?tt 53.85 Foot of Caribou Cro'^isiag: (Lako Nares) 56.44 Foot of Tagish Lake 73.25 Head of Marsh Lake 78.15 Foot of Mersh Lake 97.21 Head of Canon 122.94 Foot of Canon 123.56 Head of White Horse Rapids 124.95 Foct of White Horse Ilapids 125.33 Tahkeena River 139.92 Head of Lake Leba'-ge 153.07 Foot of Lake Le barge 184.22 Teslintoo River 215.88 BigSaimon River 249.33 Little Salmon River 285.54 Five Finger Rapids > 344.83 Polly River 403.29 White River .. 499.11 Htewart River 508.91 Sixty Mile Creek 530.41 Dawson City 675.70 Fort Reliance. 582.20 Forty Mile River = 627.08 €anadian Boundary Line 667.43 By Way of St. Michael and Up the Yukon. This is open only four months in the year (Juno to September) and is called the ** all water route,'* as it leads the traveler straight from the Pacific Coast to the Island of St. Michael, and from that point—by stern- wheel steamboats built on purpose— to the very bank on which is situ- ated Dawson City. The trip, in the best time of the yeai , takes fully 35 days from Seattle up the river, and about 25 days down 'he river and home. S^ MMM :z.. i|x^!u.^?«uiiuja..J;<.*tt>.tit>roved and the facilities in- 60 THE QUICKEST ROUTES. creased so that any amount of freight and any number of passengers can be taken to the gold regions. I was told at Edmonton that still south of the international boundary line the moun- tains were very high, but that the elevation con- tinually lowered northward until there remained only a high plateau. In fact, the pass through the Rooky Mountains which the British Pacillc will use is some 200 miles north of the Canadian Pat iflc and only about 2,200 feet high, being the lowest elevation at which any transcontinental road «rossos the divide. "In talfcing with members of the Hudson Bay posLs and otiicers of the Canadian mounted po- lice at Calgary and Edmonton, and also at Vic- toria and up in tlie famous Caribou country, I was told that several years ago some $60,000,000 in gold was taken out; that the mines were be- ing worked by hydraulic mining; that all the Ifeds of the small streams from the 60th parallel to the mouth of the Mackenzie River were filled with gold. A great number of those running west from the Mackenzie River eventually empty ktto the Yukon. When I was told this, of course, I did not pay so much attention to it, because the gold fever was not so rampant as at present. The Oasslar and Ominaca districts have long been known to bo extensively rich in gold, and if one-half of what has been told me is true they W'U not only iival but surpass the now famous Klop uyke. I have seen any number of the most beautifLl specimens of white quartz filled with gold, auQ when the method of quartz mining is perfected up in that far north the T)resent placer claims will soon seem wonderfully poor in com- parison. I^^fjwl^^'y .»,.wS«'.>,..v„ ^KSfHi S* » ii WV iI>i,v<^y C i l-«r i..: THE QUICKEST BOUTES. 61 any gold [south loun- con- laiued [rough *aciliic ladian In g the nental mBay edpo- at Vlc- ntry, I ►00,000 3re be- all the parallel e filled unniug empty aourse, 'ecause resent, ^e long Id. and le they amous e nioKt d with ling 18 placer ticom- I ¥;V •*Dr. Dawson (after whom Dawaon City was named), the eminent geologist of the Oauadian government, who only a few years ago made an extensive and exhaustive geological survey of the northwestern provinces of Canada, told me that he considered the reason for the gold being found in the small streams was due to the break- ing and grinding action of tue glaciers more than from any other cause. Gold undoubtedly ex- ists in places in large and payin^' quantities, but quartz mining requires machinery and money, and, of course, is not the poor man's proposi- tion, as is placer mining." A Tramway Over the Pass. Captain McCormickof the regular army is «he superintendent of an Eastern company, whosij purpose it is to construct a tramway from D,> ea to Lake Lindeman. New York capital to the amount of half a million had been subscribed for the new enterprise, and the Captain thinks it can be completed in quick time. A large amount of necessary material has already gone forward, and the men at Dyea, it was thought, would as- sist in pushing the tramway through vigoroubly, taking transportation in payment for labor. This is one of the most promising of all the new enterprises that have been inaugurated in Alaska during the great rush of the Klondykers, V^ * .w*»#wv.-.--»*c v4 ■ 4 "«!V ''^ 3557; CHAPTER V- MINING METHODS AND PROCESSES Placer Minlngr. In "plaoer mining" no machinery is needed; that's why it has been called the '* poor man's method." When upon a lilcely location, the miner clears all the coarse gravel and stone off a patch of ground, and lifts a little of the liner gravel or sand in his pan, which is abroad, shal- low dish, made of string sheet iron; he then puts in water enough to fill the pan, and gives a few rapid whirls and shakes ; this tends to bring the gold to the bottom on account of its greater specific gravity. The dish is then shaken and held in such a way that the gravel and sand are gradually washed out. Finally, all that is left in the pan is whatever gold may have been in the dish and some black sand, which almost inva- riably accompanies it. Should the gold thus found be fine, the con- tents of the pan are thrown into a barrel con- taining water and a pound or two of mercury. As soon as the gold comes in contact with the mercury it combines with It and forms an amal- gam. The prot*ess is continued until enough amalgam has been formed to pay for "roasting" or " firing." It is then squeezed through a buck- skin bag. all the mercury that comes through the bag being put back into the barrel to serve 62 i '/ MINING METHODS AND PROCESSES. 53 SES i, I Dog sledges on the trail, again and what remains in tho bag is placefl in a retort, if the miner has one, or, it not, on a shovel, and heated I^r^^ until nearly all the mercury is va- ulif porized. The gold then remains H P^ in a lump with some mercury still held in combination with it. This is called the "pan" or "hand" method, and is never, on account of its slowness and laboriousness, continued for any length of time when it is possible to procure a " rocker," or to make and work sluices. ■« 54 MINING METHODS AND FEOCESSES. The Bocker Beplaces the Pan. The •* rocker" is s^imply a box about three feet long and two wide, made in two parts, the top part being shallow/with a heavy sheet- iron bottom, which is punched full of •luarter-inoh holcf^. The other part ot the box is fitted with an inclined shelf about midway in its depth, which is six or eight inches lower at its lower end than at its upper. Over this is placed a piece of heavy woolen blanket. The whole is then mounted on two rockerp. much resembling those of an ordinary cradle, and when in use they are placed on two blocks of wood so that the whole may be readily rocked. After the miner has selected his claim, he looks for the most convenient place to set up his "rocker," which must be near a good supply of water. Then he proceeds to clear away all the stones and coarse gravel,, gathering the finer gravel and sand in a heap near tlie " rocker." The shallow box on top is filled with this, and with one hand the miner rooks it, while with the other he ladles in water. The finer matter with the gold fulls through the holes onto the blanket, which checks its progress, and holds the fine particles of gold, while the sand and other matter pass over it to the bottom of the box which is sloped, so that what comes through is washed down- ward and finally out of the box. Across the bottom of the box are fixed thin slats, behind which some mercury is placed to catch any par- ticles of gold which may escape the blanket. If the gold is nugget y, the large nuggets are found in the upper box, their weight detaining them until all the lighter stufi' has pap ed through, Btkd the smaller ones are held by a deeper slat at Th an< me air iH ' MINING METHODS AND PROCESSES. 55 at the outward end of the bottom of the box. The pieco of blanket is, at intervals, taken out and rinsed into a barrel: if the gold is fine, mercury is placed at the bottom of the barrel, as already mentioned. al iAioi'ic x/n t,id gold creekx. The Sluicing* Process. "Sluicing" is always employed when possible. It requires a good supply of water, with suffl- oient head or fall. The process is as follows: Planks are procured and formed into a box of suitable width and depth. Blats are fixed across. 50 MINING METHODS AND PROCESSES. thc5 bottom of ,he box at suitable intervals, or siii^llow iioles bored in the bottom in such orrler tliat nc particle oould run nlong: tho bottom in a «traigrjt lino and escape without running over a hole. Several of these boxes are then set up with a considerable slope, and are fitted into one another at the ends like a stovepipe. A stream of water is now directed into the uppei* «nd of the highest box. The gravel liaving been <30llected, as in the case of the rooker, it is shov- eleti into the upper box and is washed down- ward by the strong current of water. The gold is detain*;d by its weight, and la held by the slats or in the holes mentioned, Tf it is fine, mvi cury is placed behind the slats or in the holes to catch it. In this way about three times as much dirt can be washed as by the rocker, and oonsequently three times as much gold is se- cured in a given time. A^^^r the boxes are done with they are burned, and the ashes washed for the gold held in the wood. Winter Mining. THE OLD AND NEW METHODS. A great many of the miners spend their time in the summer prospecting and in the winter resort to a method lately adopted and which is called •• burning." They make tires on the sur- taoA', thus thawing the ground until the bed rock is reached, then drift and tunnel. The pay dirt is brought to the surface and heaped in a pile until spring, when water can be obtained. The sluice boxes are then set up and the dirt is washed out, thus enabling the minoi to work advantageously and profitably the year around. This method has been found very satisfactory li m •ini vm imnii i t .■••»♦ ««»-,-«-, MINING MRTHODB AND PBOCKBS1E8. 57 ler In places where the pay streak is a^ any great depth from the surface. In this way the com- plaint is overcome which has be^n so commonly The new woman digg-ingfor gold. advanced by the miners and others, that in the Yukon several months in the year are lot t in idleness. 58 MINING METHODS IND PXiOCESSES. A Chicago man, Mr. Charles Dnpee, has brought forward an invention of his that will perfect and cheapen in price the "burning process " now in use in the Klondyke gold fields. The machine wiUi which he proDOses to ^'law the Alaskan soil has been in. actu J operation in Chicago and has been seen to melt the solid asphalt of the boulevards so that the paving could be iJited with a shovel. The machine burns oil and is portable, being so light that a man can move it from poiit to point at will. The oil is contained in a tank, which is mounted on wheels, and which is provided with a bellows oi* blower to force air into the tank and to force the oil out, A lead of pipe runs under a piece of sheet iron, usually three feet long by twenty inches wide, which has beveled sides. Beneath the cover is a coil of perforated pipe, through which the oil makes its escape and is burned The cover is so arriinged that there is always a dov/nward draft, and the force cf the flame is continually against the ground. With the Dupee machine it is claimed all that is necesojtrv is to move it from point to point, the minors working right alont? after It, If the recent diPcoverieF of oil in Alaska prove true they will greatly facilitate the working of snch m^hinos. d< sJ ti h( bl t: th tl ai A C CHAPTER VI. CANADIAN CUSTOMS DUTIES. As Enacted in 1894. The Canadian Department of Customs ha» decided that miners bound for the Klondyk© shall pay duty on all supplies brought in from the United States. Each miner will be allowed, however, to take in free 100 pounds of food, his blankets, cot "^ing in use. and cooking utensils. Thejduties charged, ^ nades. . . .,50c. per doz. and 25 p. o. Sewing machines 30 p. o# Type for printing 20 p. c. Printing presses 10 p. c. Wire of all kinds 25 p. o. Firearms 20 p. c. Stamped tinware, galvanized ironware... 25 p. c. Enameled ironware and tinware.. 35 p. c. Watches 25 p. c. Salt , 7he, per 100 lbs. Lumber and timber, manufactured. 20 p. c. Fishinig rods .* 30 p. o. Coffins and caskets 25 p o. Wagons 25 p. o» Bicycles SOp. c. Musical instruments 25 p. c. Sugar 9/n,(i. per Ibw Syrups and molasses ^2C* per lb. • Cordage ic. per lb. and 10 p. c. : Canvas for aaila or tents 5 p. 3,^ Sails already made 25 p. c* J /■ I k 62 CANADIAF CUSTOMS DUTIES. Fabrics wholly or partly of wool 30 p. c. Felt IT^a p. o. Socks and stockings 10c. per doz.pair and 35 p, e. Gloves and mitts 35 p. o. Hats, caps and bonnets ...30 p. c. Surgical belts and trusses 25 p. c. Antiseptic surgical dressing — 20 p. c. Clears and cigaretto«t.. . .$2.00 per lb. and 25 p. c. Manufactured tobacco... 35c. per lb. and 12^2 p. c. Cut tobacco ., 45c. per lb. and 12^ p. c. Cartridges 30 p. c. Blasting and m ining powder 2c. per 1 b. Ordinary powder ..3c. per lb. Tobacco pipes 35 p. c. Ships and other vessels 10 p. c. A Huge Enterprise. Chicago prospectors will dredge the Yukon Jftiver for gold, and as soon as a few minor details can be arranged the novel expedition will depart for the Northwest Territory. A dredge costing $65,000 has been construct- ed especially for the above purpof^e. It was tested as to its strength and feasibility at the lour-mile crib, on Lake Michigan, and proved satirifactory. When the Yukon is rpached scows will be built by the carpenters, after which the actual work of dred^'ing the bed of the great river for gold will commence. weammmmmm^lfm^ CHAPTER VII. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT GOLD AND SILVER PRODUCTION. Q-old Production in America— 1896, Activity in the old mining regions of Califor- nia and other States and the incrorsed produc- tion of Cripple Creek and of some minor districts in Colorado, with improvements in several other States and in Alaska, carried the gold produc- tion up to $5S,GbO,726, showing an increase of $11,830,227 over 1895. The gain was not the result of new discoveries, which were few in number and generally of slight importance; it came rather from more extensive and better working of old mines, and from increased skill and care in treating the ores. The districts which attracted most attention during the year were Cripple Creek, in Colorado; the new llands- burg Mining District, in Southern California; the Morcur District, in Utah; the De la Mar Mines, in Nevada, and the Miners of Alaska. In the latter there many reports of new mines and a number of me ft went to the Yukon placers, on Canadian territory, but their suijcess i:as only very recently proven substantial and astonish- ingly promising. The Decrease of Silver Vaiue. Silver i^ one of the great p oducts of the United States, and whatever one's views may be ^♦•«»'»'«" 64 OBNEKAL INFORMATION. Upon silver coinage, its decline as a product is to be regretted, the same as If it were any other domestic product. The latest report ' the Director of the U. 8. mint as our authority, we find that the silver of this country mined In 1895 was $72,051,000; of tiie world, $217,610,800, and of all Europe, $22,- 210,400. Europe has no interest, practically, in maintaining the market value of silver, except as those countries may have a large stock on hand. As a product it belongs almost wholly to America, and, to be more exact, the Pacific coast, beginning with Chili and extendintj In an almost unbroken chain northward. The product of the world, in kilograms, was 5,338,059 in 1895, and the world's industrial consumption of silver for the year was 1,995,863 kilograms, more than one-third of the total product. This country alone could easily supply the industrial demand. The commercial value, the silver of this country produced in 1895 is set down as $30,254,296, and trum the standpoint of expor- tation of silver stands out still more promi- nently. Our exports of wheat, oven, aggregated last year $43,805,666, and corn $14,650,767. Silver, coin value, was $47,227,317 in 1895 and $59,862,956 in 1896. Cripple Creek District. The vicinity of Cripple Creek and Victor .where such excitement arose In 1895-96, continues to deserve the full attention of raining experts. The production of 1896 has been over $12,000,000, and it goes on steadily sending from one million to one million and a (luarter of the precious metal per month, to the Denver U. 8. Assaying mm GBNERAIi INFOBMATION. 65 s. of J of in offloe. Money, however, i8 necessary to do any profitable micxng around the Creek as it is nearly always by shaft sinking or tunn»^llng that the veins are reached. Still the Cripple Creek district ooBtains many attractive propositions yet. The History of Kug-g-ets. Here is the Century IHciionary*s definition of a Nugget : One of the larger lumps of native gold found in alluvial deposits or placer mines. The $42,000 nugget said to have been discov- ered in August, 1897, by the Graves brothers in their placer mine at Coflfey Creek, Trinity Co.» California, bids fair to count as one of the largest finds in the history of nuggets. Until then the finest of California nuggets was that found by Oliver Martin. It weighed 151 pounds and six ounces. Martin aiid a compan- ion nt'med Flower were camped in ac«,non when a terrible rainstorm came on, quickly swelling the stream. Flower v/as drowned, but Martia escaped. While trying to bury his companion's body by the roots of a tree, Martin discovered the great lump of gold and quartz worth $20,000. In Bierra Co., in 1869, the five partners in the Monumental claim discovered a nugget which weighed 1.593 ounces. They sold it for $21,637 for exhibition purposes. Later it was melted, realizing $17,655. A still more valuable nugget was found in 1850 in the same county. It was valued at $23,000. Other large nuggets were discovered In Cala- veras Co.. Cal., in 1 854. One weighed 118 pounds; another, 149 pounds. The largest nugget ever discovered in Siberia weighed 96 pounds 4 ounces. The heaviest nug- get of gold ever found in the world was that found in Australia in 1852. It weighed 223 lbs. and v/as known as the ** Water Moon" Nugget. FULL TEXT OF UNITED STATES LAWS NOW IN FORCE. Tbe text is taken from the last edition of the "Bevised Statutes of the United States." 1878. and the Supplement including the Session of 1891. Commonly called the *' Mining Acts," with all their amendments, and miscellaneous sections from other Acts. TITLE Xni, CHAPTER SEVENTEEN. Poflsessory Actions. —§ 910.— No possessory action between persons, in any court of the United States, for the recovery of any mining title, or for damages to any such title, shall be affected by the fact that the paramount title to the land in which such mines lie is in the United States; but each case shall be adjudged bv the law of possession, TITLE XXXII, CHAPTEB SIX ENTITLED " MINERAL LANDS AND MINING EBSOURCES." Reserved from Sale under the Pre-emption Aots.— S 2318.— In all oases lands valuable for minerals shall be reserved from sale, except as otherwise expressly directed by law. General License.— § 2319.— All valuable min- t;ral deposits in lands belonging to the United States, both surveyed and unsurveyed, are eej by not lonl a of Wij 66 TEXT OF U. S. STATUTES. 67 he 78. Of hereby declared to be free and open to explora- tion and purchase, and the lands in which they are found to occupation and purchase District by citizens of the United States and Rules, those who have declared their intention to become such, under regulations pre-* scribed by law, and according to the local customs or rules of miners in the severval mining districts, so far as the same are applicable and not inconsistent with the laws of the United States. all ions iOTJ the aing 11 be le to ilted r the ption ie for )pt as > min- Jnlted I. are Length of ClsOms.— § 2320.— Mining claims upon veins or lodes of quartz or other rook in place bearing gold, silver, cinnabar, lead, tin, copper, or other v^aluable deposits, heretofore located, shall be governed as to length along the vein or lode by the customs, regula- Discovery tions, and laws in force at the date of Essential, their location. A mining claim locat- ed after the tenth day of May, eight- een hundred and seventy-two, whether located by one or more persons, may equal, but shall not exceed, pne thousand five hundred feet in length along the vein or lode; but no location ot a mining claim shall be made until the discovery of the vein or lode within the limits of the claim located. No claim shall extend more Width of than three hundred feet on each side Claims, of the middle of the vein at the surface, nor shall any claim be limited by any mining regulation to less than twenty-five feet on each side of the middle of the vein at the surface, except where adverse rights existing on the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, renaer such limitation necessary* each other. , „,oi -proot ot olti- proof of Oit**«"^^?;;i.. may consist. In the eenTlP. under this chatte'^«»y^^^,H thereof; ^faseoJanlndlvlduri.om«ow^^^^ Vthecaseotanas^-l ,,e affidavU ct^thelr att«n»WP of a^*l^f i^^lZ?o; upon inlorma- Lpor.t.o«.. o^f^XS; and in the case tlon ^"" , nnder the laws of the of a corporation organized un^er^ ^^ ^ ^ ^V r^e' ^^. of^rLrtlfled copy of the.r thereof, by ^''.""rr of incorporation, euaxter or ««'^'*'*"''";' ^,^^^.._S 2322.-The Surfa«e.-IMP and »*• ;• j^eretof ore made locators of all «'l"l'^f,„^^te made, on any mineral iTwhlch shall her-tt^r be -ad^^ vein. lode, or '«™°' . assigns, ^vhere no domain, their heirs ana ^^ ^j j^^y, adverse claim «:^?''*'d seventy-two. so long as eiehteen hundred and seven'.y g^^^^g S comply with the laws rf the JJ ^ ,^,j,^s Td with 8tat«.TerrtorUl^'^^;^3 united States TOP or Apex lines of ^^f J°td°es IhToughout ^trote. y«if'^°?,!!'rpth.thetoporapex ^ tl'«^^''*H!,oh surt^e lines extend- oi^hlchlleslnsWe^-^^J-rf^gl, such vein. ed downward ^«^''*„T' depart from a perP'"': todes. or ledges may «^'« *^*^rd as to extend di^ul« la t»»«i' ^^Hdt iTuToI 8U0h surface outside the vertical siae S r^f? TBXT OF V. S. nTATVTlfl 69 I to slti- lihe [•oof; Loor- ihelr his rma- oase )f the rltory their .—The 5 made lineral public 5re no d May, lOng as States, ilations i States lave the nient of thin the id of all •oughout , or apex 9 extend- (jh veinB. aperpen- to extend ki surface 70 TEXT OP U. 8. STATUTES. loottUons. But their right of possession to such outside parts of suoh veins or ledges bhall be confined to such portions t'lereof as He between vertical planes drawn downward as above* de- scribed, through the end lines of their locations. 80 contimied in their own direction Surface, that such planes will intersect such exterior parts of such veins or ledges. And nothing in this section shall authorize the locator or possessor of a vein or lode which extends in its downward course between the vertical lines of his claim to enter upon the sur- face of a claim owned or possessed hy another. Tuzinel«.—§ 2323.— Where a tunnel is run for the development of a vein or lode, or for the dip- covery of mines, the owners of such tunnel shall have the right of possession of all veins or lodes within three thousand feei from the face of such tunnel on the lino thereof, not previously known to exist, discovered in such tunnel, to the same extent as if discovered from the surface ; and locations on the line of such tunnel of veins or lodes not appearing on the surface, made by other parties after the commencement of the tunnel, and while the same is being prosecuted with reasonable diligence, shall be invalid ; but failure to prosecute the work on the tunnel for six months shall be considered as an abandon- ment of the right to all undiscovered veins en the line of such tunnel. District Bules.— § 2324.— The miners of suoh mining district ma v make regulations not in con- flict with the laws of the United States, or with the laws of the State or Territory in which the TEXT OF U.S. STATUTES. 71 district is situated, governing the looa- Location, tion, manner of recording, amount of Record, work necessary t*) hold possession of a mining claim, subject to the follow- ing requirements: The location must bedistin^^t- \y marked on the ground, so that its boundaries can be readily traced. All records of mining claims hereafter made shall contain the name or names of the locators, the date of the location, and such a description of the claim or Annual claims, located by reference to some Labor, naturalbbject or permanent monument as will identify the claim. O n each claim located after the tenth day of May. eighteen hun- dred and seventy-two, and until a patent has been issued therefor, not less than one hundred dollars' worth of labor shall be performed or improvements made during each year. On all claims located prior to the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, ten dollars* worth of labor shall be performed, or improve- ments made by the tenth day of June, eighteen hundred »nd seventy-four, and each year there- after, for each one hundred feet in length along the vein, until a patent has been issued therefor; but whare such claims are held In common, such expenditure may be made upon any one claim ; and upon a failure to comply with these conditions, the claim or mine upon which such failure occurred shall be open to relocation in the same manner as if no location of the same had ever been made, provided that the original locators, their heirs, assigns, or legal represen- tatives, have not resumed work upon Porfeituro. the claim after failure and before such location. Upon the failure of any 72 T«XT or O. 8. STATUTjBS. ona of several oo-owners to contribute his pro- portion of the expend Itores requirod hereby, the co-owners who hafe performed the labor or made the improvements may, at the expiration o?the year, give suoh delinauont co-owner per- gonal notice in writing or notice by publication in the newspaper Published nearest the claim, for ac least once a week for ninety days, and if at the expiration of ninoty days after such notice in writing or by publication such del?xtquent should fail or refuse to contribute hi» proportion of the expendlturt required by this section, hia interest in the claim shall become the property of his oo-owners who have made the required expenditures. Amendment of 1876— Labor by Tunnel.— That section two thousand three hundred and twenty-four of the lievised Statutes, be. ead the same in hereby, amended so that where a person or company has or may run a tunnel for the purposes of developing a lode or lodes, owned by st»id i)«r8on or company, the money so ex- perxded in said tunnel ahall be taken and con- sidored as expended on said lode o.* lodes, whether located prior to or since the pt»ssage ct Baid act ; and such person or company shall not bb required to perFoi m work on the surface cf said lode or lodes in order to hold the same fts required by said act. Amendment of 1880— Annual Labor Period Fixed. — That section twenty-three hundred and twenty-four of the Kevised Statutes of the United States be amended by adding the follow- ing wordE . ** Provided, That the period within -whiah the work requirod to be done annually on X, ■■,'-«■«.;>» ■■■JMaiafessaiiegr.i^a^ "lifiimiiiw TEXT OF U. 8. STATUTIS. 731 all unpatented mineral claims, shall (sommen^ on the first day of January sucoeecUng the date of looation of such claim, and this section shall apply to all claims located since the tenth day of May, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and seventy -two." Application fojp Patent.— I 28' ^».— A patent for any land claimed and iooated tor valuable deposits may bo obtained in the following man- ner: Any person, association, or corporation authorized to locate a claim under this chapter, having claimed and located a* piece of land for such purposes, who has, or have, complied with the terms of this chapter, may file in the proper land ofitice, an application for a patcmt, under oath, showing such oorapliance, together with a plat and field notes of the claim or claims in common, made by or under the direction of the United States surveyor-general, showing ac- curately the boundaries of the claim or claims, which shall be distinctly marked t y monuments on the ground, and shall post a copy of such plat, together with a notice of such application for a patent, in a conspicuous i>lace on the land embraced in such plat previous to the filing of the application for a patent, and rhall file an affidavit of at least two persons that such notice has been duly posted, and shall file a copy of the notice in such land office, and shaU thereupon be entitled to a patent for the lan<^, in the man- ner fol'cyfing: The register of tta land office, upon the filing of such application, 6o Days' plat, field notes, notices and afll- PubliG«tio«i. davits, shall publish a notice that such application has beea*made, for the period of sixty days, in a newspaper to bt wffmfum TEXT or U. S. STATUTES. hy him designated as pubHshod nearest to such Qimim ; and he ehall also post suoh notice in his o^cofortho samo period. The claimant at the ^'*we of fllinfir this application, or at any time ^mttitor, within the sixty days of publication, shall file with the register a oer* B<>^ '!^tl**^*' Uiamte of the United States sur- veyor-general that five hundred dollars' worth of labor has been expended or Improvemer.ts rBado upon tlie claim by himself or 4?rantorR; that the plat is correct, with suoh further description by sufh rciferonoe to natural objects or permanent monuments as shall iden- tify the claim, and furnish an accurate descrip- tion, to be incorporated in the patent. At the expiration of the sixty days of publication the claimant nhall file his affidavit, showing that the plat and notice have been posted in a con- spicuous place on the claim during such period of publication. If no adverse claim Adverse shall have been flied with the register Clahti. and the receiver of the proper land office at the expiration of the sixty days of publication, it shall be assumed that the applicant is entitled to a patent, upon the pay- meut to the proper officer of five doihirs per acre, and that no adverse claim exists ; and $5 P«r thereafter no objection from third par- Acre, ties to the issuance of a patent Rhall be heard, e xoept it bo shown that tit li- cant has failed to comply with the terms of this chapter. ▲moQclment of 1880. - Applicatians by Broii"Be«id©nta.— That seetion twenty-three hundmd and twenty-live of the Bevised HtatuU; of the United State*- be aauHi4«d by adding i- f iff-''i1iiiiirrtairi-''''-^iw'a^'Sii^iitit»-- TEXT or U. B, STATUTES. 75 ' thereto the folio wiag words: '* Provided, That where the olaimanl for a patent is not a resident of or within the land district wherein the vetn» lode, lodge, or deposit sought to be pattMited is located, the application for patent aod the affi- davits required to be made in this section by the claimant for such patent may be made by his, her, or its authorized agent, where said agent is conversant with the facts sought to be estab- lished by said affidavits : AtuI provixied. That this section shall apply to all applloattons now pend- ing for patents to mineral lands.'* t;^ Adverse Claims.-- §2326.-- Where an adverse oialm is Jlled diirlng the period of publication, it shall be upon oath of the person or persons mak- ing the same, and shall show the nature, bound- aries, and extent of such adve^-se claim, and all proceediugg. except the publication of notice 'and making and filing of the affidavit thereof , shall be stayed until the controversy shall have been settled or decided by i court of Suit Supporting competent jurisdictiOL\ or the In 30 DAys. adverse claim waived. !•; shall be the duty of the adverse claimant, within thirty days after filing' h's claim, to commence proceedings in a court of compe- tent jurisdiction, to determine the question of the right of possession, and prosecute the ^dnie with reasonable diligence to final judgment: and a failure so to do shall be a waiver of his adverse oialm. After such judgment shall have be<3n slendered, the party entitled to the postiession of the claim, or any portion tiiereof. may, without giving further notice, file a certified copy of the judgment roll with the register of the land officer I 76 TKXT OF U. B. 8TATUTR8. together with the oertifioate ot Proseedinffii after the survsyor-^eDeral, that the Judgment. requisite amount of labor has been expended or improve- ments made thereon, and the description requir- ed in other cases, and shall pay to the receiver five dollars per acre for his claim, together with the proper fees, whereupon the whole proceed- ings and the judgment roll shall be certified by the reglst^^r to the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and a patent shall issue thereon for the claim, or such portion thereof as the appli- cant shall appear, from the decision of the court, to rightly possess. If it appears from the decis- ion of the court that several parties are entitled to separate and different portions of the claim, each party may pay for his portion of the claim, with the proper fees, and file the certificate and description by the surveyor-general, whereupon the register shall certify the proceedings and Judgment roll to the Commissioner of the Gen- eral Land Oifice, as in the preceding case, and patents shall issue to the several parties accord- ing to their respective rights. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the alienation of the title conveyed by a patent for a mining claim to any person whatever. Amendment of 1881.— TiUe in Neither Party. —That if, in any action brought pursuant to section twenty-three hundred and twwnty-six of the Revised Statutes. titl( to the ground in controversy shall not be established by either party, the jury shall so find, and judgm'3nt shall be entered according to the verdict. In such ^jase costs shall not be allowed to either party, i»nd the ciaiiigiant shall nut proceed in tiio land TEXT OF U. S. STATUTES. rr ^ I I ^ 78 TBXT OF U. ». STA.TUTES. riffiae or be entitled to a patent for the ground In oontro versy until he shall have perfected his title. Amendments of 1892. —Adverse by Agrent for Non-Besidents. — That tho adverse claim required by section tweniy-tnree hundred and twenty- six of the Revised Statutes may be verl- f!od by the oath of any duly authorized agent or attorney-in-fact of the advoi'se olaimant cogni- zant of the facts stated ; and the adverse claim- ant, if residing or at the time being beyond the limits of the district wherein the claim is situated may make oath to the adverse claim before the olerk of any court of record of the United States or of the State or Territory where the adverse claimant may then be, or before any notary pub- lic of such State or Territory. Idem.~-Afadavittt Out of Land District.— That applicants for mineral patents. If residing beyond the limits of tho district wherein the claim is situated, may mak<> any oath or afQdavit reqiiired for proof c>' oitizeuship before the clerk of any court of record or bafore any notary pub- lic of any Btf^^r or Territory. Survey.— § 2327.— The description of vein or lode claims, upon surveyed lands, shall desig- nate the location of tho claim with reference to the lines of the public surveys, but need not conform therewith ; but where a patent shall be issued for claims upon unsurveyed lands, the surveyor-general, in extending the surveys, shall adjust the same to the boundaries of such pat- ented claim, according to the plat or description thereof, but so as in no case to Interfere with or change the location of any sucii patented claiir. - 4=V -'■■^-•' TEXT OF U. H. STATUTES. ^D Previous Applications. ~ § 2328.— Applica- tions for patents for mining claims under former laws now pending may be prosecuted to a llnal decision in the General Land Adverse Rights Ofdoe; but in such oases where Excepted. adverse rights aro not affeoted thereby, patents may issue In pursuance of the provisions of this chapter; and all patents for mining claims upon veins or lodes heretofore issued shall convey all the rights and privileges conferred by this chapter where no adverse rights existed on the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two. Plaoers Open to Entry.— § 2329.— Claims us- ually called "placers." including all forms of deposit, excepting veins of Quartz, or other rock in place, shall be subject to entry and patent, under like circumstances and conditions, and upon similar proceedings, ar. are provided for vein or lode claims; but where the lands have been previously surveyed by the Unit,ed States, the entry in its exterior limits shall conform to the legal subdivisions of the public lands. Legal Subdivision of Placen5j.--S 2330.-~ Legal subdivisions of forty acres mtiy be sub- divided into ten-acre tracts; and two or more persons, or associations of persons, having con- tiguous claims of any size, although such claims may be less than ten acres each, may mako joint entry thereof; but no location of a placer claim, made after the ninth day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy, shall exceed i6o>4ere one hundred and sixty acres for any Placers, one person or association of persons, which location shall conform to the "P^ wmm If^^ mmm 80 TEXT OF U. S. STATUTIS. United States surveys; and nothing in this sec- tion contained shall defeat or impair any bona fide pre-emption or homestead claim upon airri- oultural lands, or authorize the sale of the im- provements of any bona fide settler to any pur- chaser. Placers on Snrreyed Lands.— S 2331.— Where placer claims ai*e upon survoyed lands, and conform to legal subdivisions, no further survey or plat shall bo required, and all i)hvcer mining claims located after the tenth day of May, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, shall conform as near as practicable with the United States system of public land surveys, and the rectangular subdivisions of such surveys, and no such location shall include more than twenty acres for each individual claimant; but where placer claims cannot be conformed to legal sub- divisions, sun^ey and plat shall be made as on unsurveyed lands; and where by the segrega- tion of mineral land in any legal subdivision a quantity of agricultural land lens than forty acres remains, such fractional portion of agri- cultural land may be entered by any party qiial- Ifled by law. for homestead or pre-emption pur- poses. liimitations. -* !2832.— Where such person or association, they and their grantors, havo held and worked their claims for a period equal to the time preserlbed by the statute of limitations for mining claims of the State or Territory whert> the same may be situated, evidence of Liens, such possession and working of the claims for such period shall be sufll- cient to establish a right to a patent thereto iiiil ■iniirtiiriiiifiti iMM TEtT OP U. 8. STATITTE8. 61 under this chapter, in the absenoo of any ad- verse olaim;but nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to impair any lien which may have attached in any way whatever to any mining olaim or property thereto attached prior to the IsHuanoe of a patent. Placer Olaim Oontaining Lode.— S 2333.-- Whore the same person, association, or corpora- tion is in possession of a placer chiim, and also a vein or lode Included within the boundaries thereof, application shall be made for a patent for the placer claim, with the statement that it includes such vein or lode, and in such case a patent shall issue for the placer olaim, subject to the provisions of this chapter, including such vein or lode, upon the payment of five dollars per acre for such vein or lode claim, and twenty- Ave feet of surface on each side thereofv The remalndeir of the placer claim, or any placer claim not embracing any vein or Placers $2.50 lode claim, shall be paid for at the per acre. rate of two dollars and fifty cents per acre, together with all costs of proceedings; and where a vein or lode, such as is described in section twenty-three hundred and twenty, is known to exist within the bound- aries of a placer olaim, an application for a patent for such plac*)r claim which does not in- clude an application for the vein or lode claim shall be construed as a conclusive declaration that the claimant of the placer claim hae no rigkt of possession of the vein or lode claim; but where the exiotenoe of a vein or lode in a placer claim is not known, a patent for tTie placer claim shall convey all valuable mineral and other de- posits within the boundaries tl eroof. 82 iiii!i;jiii, ' x^a TEXT OF U. S. STATUTES. Deputy Surveyor and Fees. — S 2334.~-The surveyor-goDeral of the United States may ap- point In eaoh land district containing mineral lands as many competent surveyors as shall apply for appointment to survey mining claims. The expenses of the survey of vein or lode claims, and the survey and subdivision of placer claims into smaller quantities than one hundred and sixty acres, together with the cost of publication of notices, shall be paid by the applicanttt. and they shall be at liberty to obtain the same at the most reasonable rates, and they shall also be at liberty to employ any United States deputy surveyor to mako the survey. The Commissioner of the General Charges lor Land Office shall also have power Publication, to establish the maximum chars veins unite, the oldest of I prior location 5ha,U ta-kethe vein below the point of union, including aii the space of intersection. Mill Sites.— § 2337.~Where non-mineral land not contiguous to the vein or lode Is used or occupied by the proprietor of such vein or lode |ior mining or milling purposes, such non-adja- foent surfaco ground may be embraced and IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V i^ W, :/. f/j fA % "Z / "c>l 1872»~-By an examination of the sev- eral sections of the Bevised Statutes it will be seen that the status of lode olaims loo&ted pre^nom to the 10th May, 1872, is not changed with regard to their extent along the lode or width of sur^^ face. 3. Side Veins, Additional Ghraiit )f.— -Mining rights aociuired under such previous locations are, however, enlarged by such Revised Statutes in the following respect, viz.: The locators of all such previously taken veins or lodes, their heirs and assigns, so long as they comply with the laws of Congress and with State, Territorial, or local regulations not in conflict therewith, 87 Mmm 1^ PHUP 'mmm l|IW,yiy]IIJ.. .I|W1":'II,»?JH» 88 LAND OFFICE RULES. governing mining claims, are invested with the exclusive possessory right of ell the surface n included within the lines of their locations, and of all veins, lodes, or ledges throughout their entire depth, the top or apex of which lies inside of such surface lines extended downward verti- cally, although such veins, lodes, or ledges may so far depart from a perpendicular in their course downward as to extend outside the ver- tical side lines of such locations at the surface, it being expressly provided, however, that the right of possession to such outside parts of said veins or ledges shall be confined to such por- tions thereof as lie between vertical planes drawn downward, as aforesaid, through the end lines of their locations so continued in their own direction that such planes will intersect such exterior parts of such veins, lodes, or ledges; no right being granted, however, to the olaim&nt of such outside portion of a vein or ledge to enter upon the surface location of another claimant. 4. Idem.— It is to be distinctly understood, however, that the law limits the possessory right to veins, lodes, or ledges, other than the one named in the original location, to such as were not adversely/ claimed on May lo, 1872, and that where such other vein or ledge was so adversely claimed at that date, the right of the party so advertieiy claiming is in no way impaired by the provisions of the Revised Statutes. 5. Annual Labor on Old I«ooation&.-~In order to hold the possessory title to a mining \^ claim located prior to May 10, 1872, and for which a patent has not been issued, the law requires that ten cf 6. Forfeiture.— Upon the failure of any one of several co-owners of a vein, lode, or ledge, which has not been entered, to contribute his proportion of the expenditures necessary to hold the claim or claims so held in ownership in common, the co-owners, who have performed the labor or made the improvements as required by said Revised Statutes, may, at the expiration of the year, give such delinquent co-owner per- sonal notice in writing, or notice by publi3atioa PliiiiPlllWVlRiHWi !■ 90 LAND OFFICE BUL.E8. in the newspaper published nearest the claim for at least once a week for ninety days; and if upon the expiration of ninety days after such notice in writing, or upon the expiration of one hundred and eighty days after the flrst news- paper publication of notice, the delinquent co- owner shall have failed to contribute his pro- portion to meet such expenditures or improve- ments, his interest in the claim by law passes to hie co-owners who have made the expenditures or improvements as aforesaid. Where a claim ant alleges ownership of a forfeited interest under the foregoing provision, the sworn statement of the publisher as to the facts of publication, giv- ing dates and a printed copy of the notice pub- lished, should be fm-nished, and the claimant must swear that tb/* delinquent co-owner failed to contribute his proper proportion within the period fixed by the statute. 7. Patents for Veins or Lodes Heretofore Issued.— Rights under patents for veins or lodes heretofore granted under previous legislation of Congress are enlai-ged by the Be vised Statutes so as to invest the patentee, his heirs or assigns, with title to all veins, lodes, or ledges through- out their entire depth, the top or apex of which lies within the end and side boundary lines of his claim on the surface, as patented, extended downward vertically, although such veins, lodes, or ledges may so far depart from a perpendicular in their oour;>8 downward as to extend outside the vertical side lines of the cla,lm at the surface. The right of possession to such outside parts of such veins or ledges to be confined to each por- tions thereof as lie between vertical planes drawn downward through the end lines of the ^ mtmrnmrnmiimmm^i^m IjANd office rules. 91 Between 1h£ Lakes, mm wmmm imm «2 LAND OFFICE BULEB. olaims at the surface, so continued In their own direction that such pianes will intersect such exterior parts of such veins or ledges ; it being expressly provided, however, that all veins, lodes, or ledges, the top or apex of which lies inside such surface locations, ot?i£r than the one named in the patent, which were adversely claimed on the loth May, 1872, are excluded from such con- veyance by patent. ' 8. Applications for patents for mining claims pending at the date of the Act of May 10, 1872, may be prosecuted to final decision in the General Land OlHoe. and where no adverse rights are affected thereby, patents will be Issued in pursuance of the provisions of the Revised Statutes. MANNER OF LOCATING OLAIMS ON VEINS OR LODES AFTER May 10, 1872. 9. liength of Claim.— From and after the 10th May, 1872, any person who is a citizen of the United States, or who has declared his intention to become a citizen, may locate, record, and hold a mining claim of fifteen Imndred linear feet along the course of any mineral vein or lode subject to location ; or an association of persons, severally and dis- tance as nearly as r ''acticable from the discovery shafii on the cl ,im, to some permanent, v/ell known points or objects, siich, for instance, as stone monuments, blazed trees, the confluence of streams, point of interseot*'^r> of well known gulches, ravines, or roads, prominent buttos, hills, etc., which may be in the iramediare vicin- ity, and which will strve to perpetuate and Hx the locus of the claim and render it susceptible of identification from the description thereof civen in tht) record of locations in the district, and should be duly recorded. 16. Adjoining Claims.— Staking.— In addi- tion to the foregoing data, the claimant should state the names of adj oining claims, or, if n one ad- join, the relative positions of the nearest claims; should drive a post or erect a monument of stones at each corner of his surface ground, and at the point of discovery or discovery shaft should fix a post, stake, or board, upon which should be designated the name of the lode, the name or names of the locators, the number of feet claimed, and in which direction from the point of discovery ; it being essential that ihe location notice filed for record, in addition to the foregoing description, should state whether the entire claim of fifteen hundred feet is taken on 96 LAND OFFICE RULES- one side of the point of disoovery, or whether It is partly upon one and partly upon the other side thereof, and in the latter case, how many feet are claimed upon each side of such disoovery point. 36. Record. —Within a reasonable time, say twenty days after the location shall have been marked on the ground, or such time as is allowed by the local laws, notice thereof, accurately de- scribing the claim in manner aforesaid, should be filed for record with the proper recorder of the district, who will thereupon issue the usual certificate of location. 17. Annual Labor on New l40cations.~In order to hold the possessory right to a location made since May 10, 1872, not less than one hviidred dollars' worth of labor must be per- formed, or improvements made thereon annually until entry shall have been made. Under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved Jan- uary 22, 1880, the first annual expenditure be- comes due and must be performed during the ^^alendar year succeeding that in which the lo- cation was made. Expenditure made or labor perfoimed prior to the first day of January suc- ceeding the date of location, will not be consid- ered as a part of, or applied upon the first annual expenditure required hy law. Failure Lo make the expenditure or perform the labor required will subject the claim to re- location by any other party having the necessary qualifica- tions, unless the original locator, his heirs, assigns, or legal representatives have resumed work thereon after such failure and before such re-location. s'wy" LAND OFFICE RULES. 07 18. The Expenditures Required upon Min- ing Claims may be made from the surface or in. running a tunnel for the development of such claims, the Act of February 11, 1875. providing that where a person or company has. or may. run a tunnel for the purpose of developing a lode or lodes owned by said person or company, the money so expended in said tunnel shall be taken and considered as expended on said lode or lodes, and such person or company shall not be required to perform work on the surface of said lode or lodes in order to hold the same. 19. The importance of attending to these details in the matter of location, labor, and ex- penditure will be the more readily perceived when it is understood that a failure to give the subject proper attention may invalidate the claim. TUNNEL RIGHTS. 20. Tunnel Rights.— Section 2323 provides that where a tunnel is run for the development of a vein or lode, or for the discovery of mines, the owners of such tunnel shall have the right of possession of all veins or lodes within three thou- sand feet from the face of such tunnel on the lii ) thereof, not previously known to exist, dis- covered in such tunnel, to the scaie extent as if discovered from the surface; and locations on the line of such tunnel of veins or lodes not appearing on the surface, made by other parties after the commencement otthe tunnel, and while the same is being prosecuted with reasonable dilig^ence chall be Inv^id ; but failure to prose- cute the work on the tunnel for six months shall be considered as an abandonment of the right !s^<«- -.» .-nei«<"«A|9(rc ' 98 LAND OFFICE BULES. to all undiscovered veins or lodes on the line of said tunnel. 21. Line of Timnel Protected. —The effect of this is simply to give the proprietors of a min- ing tunnel run in good faith, the possessory right to fifteen iiundred feet of any blind lodes cut, disooviered or intt^rsected by such tunnel, which'were not previously known to exist, within three thousand feet from the face or point of commencement of such tunnel, and to prohibit other parties, after the commencement of the tunnel, from prospecting for and making loca- tions of lodes on the line tJiereof and within said distance of three thousand feet, unless such lodes appear upon the surface or were pre- viously known to exist. ' 22. The term **falaced along such lines at proper intervals, to the terminus of the three thousand feet from the face or point of commencement of the tunnel, and the lines so marked will define and govern as to the specific boundaries within which pros- pecting for lodes not previously known to exist is prohibited while work on the tunnel is being prosoouted with reasonable diligence* 24. Record of Tunnel.— At the time of post- ing notice and marking out the lines of the tunnel as aforesaid, a full and correct copy of such notice of location defining the tunnel claim must be filed for record with the mining recorder of the district, to wiiich notice must be attached the sworn statement or declaration of the own- ers, claimants, or projectors of such tunnel, set- ting forth the facts in the case, stating the amount expended by themselves and the prede- cessors in interest in prosecuting work thereon; the extent of the work performed, and that it is bona fide, their intention to prosecute work on the tunnel so located and described, with reasonable diligence for the development of a vein or lode, or for the discovery of mines, or both, as the case may be^ This notice of location must be duly recorded, and, with the said sworn state- 300 LAND OFFICE BULBS. meat attached, kept on the recorder's files for futuro referenoe. 25. By a compliance wich the foreffoin^ much needless difficulty will be avoided, and the way for the adjustment of legal rights acquired in virtue of said section 2323 will be made much more easy and certain. 26. Tunnel Not Worked.— This office will take particular care that no improper advantage is tnken of this provision of law by parties mak- ing or professing to make tunnel locations, ostensibly for the purpose named in the statute, but really for the purpose of monopolizing the lands lying in front of their tunnels to the detri- ment of the mining interests and to the exclusion of bona JUI^'^ prospectors or miners, but will hold such tunnel claimants to a strict compliance with the terms of the statutes; and a reasonable dili- getiee on their part in prosecuting the work is one of the essential conditions of their implied con- tract. Negligence or want of due diligence will be construed as working a forfeiturr^ of their right to all undiscovered veins on ta^ line of such tunnel. APPLICATION FOR PATENT. 27. Manner of Proceedinflr to Obtain Gk>v- «mment Title to Vein or Lode 01aJ^m3.-~By section 232ff authority is given for granting titles for mines by patent from the Government to any person, association, or corporation hav- ing the necessary qualifications as to citizenship and holding the right of possession to a claim in compliance with law . 28. Idem. —Survey. —The claimant is re- quired in the first place to have a correct survey i>. ^vm^f^vm i,n ! i^vf «"■. .wviip' LAND OFFICE RULES. 101 t of his claim made under authority of the survey ^ or-general of the State or Territory in which the claim lies : such survey to show with accuracy the exterior surface boundaries of the claim, which boundaries are reauired to be distinctly marked by monuments on the ground- Four plats and one copy of the original field notes, In each case, will be prepared by the surveyor- general ; one plat and tho original field notes to be retained in the office of the surveyor-general, o^ie copy of the plat to be given tho claimant for posting upon the claim, one plat and a copy of the field notes to be given the claimant for filing with the proper register, to be Anally transmitted by that offieer, with other papers in the case, to this office, and one plat to be sent by the sur- veyor-general to the register of the proper lan«i district to be retained on his flies for future ref- erence. As there is no resident surveyor-general for the State cf Arkansas, applications for the survey of mineral claims in said State should be made to the commissioner of this office, who, under the law, is ex ojfftcio the U. S. surveyor- general. 29. Posting Plat on the Claim. —The claim- ant is then required to post a copy of the plat of such survey in a conspicuous place upon the claim, together with notice of his intention to apply for a patent therefor, which notice wii! giye the date of posting, the name of the claim- ant, the name of the claim, mine or lode ; the mining district and county; whether the location is of record, and, if so, where the record may be found; the number of feet claimed along the vein, and the presumed direction thereof: the number of feet claimed on the lode in each direc- _ ijuouamaiMim ^wr^^^w^, 102 LAND OFFICE KULES. tion Aom the point of discovery, or other well defined place on the claim . the name or names of adjoining claimants on the same or other lodes, or, if none adjoin, the names of the aearest claims, etc. 30. Laud Offtce Postingr.— After posting the said plat and notice upon tno premises, the claimant will file with the proper register and receiver a copy of such plat and the field notes of survey of the claim, accompanied by the affidavit of at least two credible wiunesses, that such plat and notice are posted conspicuously upon the claim, giving the date and place of such posting; a copy of the notice so posted to b3 attached to, and form a part of, said affidavit. 31. Statement of Claims. — AccompaLying the field notes so filed must be the sworn state- ment of the olaimaiit that ho has the possessory ri£'ht to the premises therein described, in virtue of a compliance by himself (and by his grantors, if he claims by purchase) with the mining rules, regulations, and customs of the mining district. State or Territory in which the claim lies, and with the mining laws of Congress; such sworn statement to narrate brif^fly, but as clearly as possible, the facts constituting such compliance, the origin of his possession, and the basis of his claim to a patent. 32. Abstract of Title.— This affidavit should be supported by ap^)ropriate evidence from the mining recorder's office as to his possessory right, as follows, viz : Where he claims to be tbo locator, or a locator in company with others who have since conveyed their interest in the loca- tion to him, a full, true and correct copy of such ■xP"'', v. iiMii mtemtfi LAND OFFICE RULES. 103 <*> location should be furnished, as the same appf^ars upon the mining records; suoh copy to be attested by the seal of the recorder, or if he has no seal, then he should make oathilto the same being oorroot, as shown by his records. Where the applicant claims only as a purchaser for valuable consideration, a copy of the location record must be filed under seal or upon oath as aforesaid, with an abstract of title from the proper recorder, under seal or oath as aforesaid, broug>it down as near as practicable to date of filing the application, tracing the right of pos- session by a continuous chain of conveyances from the original locators to the applicant, also certifying that no conveyances affecting the title to the claim in question appear of record in his office other than those set forth in the aocompan ying abstract. 33. Lost Records.— -In the event of the mining records in any case having been de- stroyed by fire or otherwise lost, affidavit of the fact should be made, and secondary evidence of possessory title will be received, which may con- sist of the affidavit of the claimant, supported by those of any other parties cognizant of the facts relative to his location, occupancy, posses- sion, improve aaeiits, etc.; and in such case of lost records, any deeds, certiflct.bes of location or purchase, or other evidence which may bo in the claimant's possession and tend to establish his claim, should be filed. 34. Publisher's' Contract.— Upon the receipt of these papers, the register will, at the expense of the claimant (who must furnish the a^ee- ment of the publisher to hold applicant for Mm 104 liAND OFFTCK BULKS. patftut alone responsible for chaiges of publioa- tion), publish a notice of i.uch application for the period of sixty s in a newspaper published nearest to the cmlm, and will pose a copy of such notice in his office for the same period. When the notice is published in a toc«A;2y newspaper ten conseout'vo insertions are necessary; when in a daily newspaper the notice must appear in each issue for sixty-one consecutive issues, the first day of is8i:!e bein^ excluded in estimatinsr the period of sixty days. 35. Notice Must be ;?ulL— The notices so published and posted must be as full and com- plete as possible, and embrace all the data given in the notice posted upon the claim. 36. Too mucli care cannot be exercised in the preparation of these notices, inasmuch as upon their accuracy and completeness will de- pend, in a great measure, the regularity and validity ct the whole proceeding, 37. Choice of Newspaper. —In the publica- tion of final proof notices the register has no discretion under the law to designate any other than the newspaper **n3arest the land" for such purpose when such paper is a newspaper of generid circulation. Bat he will in all cases designate the newspaper of goneral circulation that is published nearest the land, geograph- ically measured. When two or more such news- papers are published in the same town, nearest the land, he may select the one which, in his honest and impartiii Judgment as a public oflacer, will best subserve the purpose of the law and the general interests of the public. ^ liAND OFFICE BULES. 105 38. Newspaper ohargres must not exceed the rates established by this oflloe for the publi- cation of legal notices. 39. Surveyor-General^s Certificate of $500 Improvements." The claimant, either at the time of filing these papers with the regist^^r or at any time dnring the sixty days' publication, is required to file a certificate with the surveyor- genera! that not less than five hundred dollars* worth of labor has been expended or improve- ments made upon the claim by the applicant or his grantors; that the plat filed by the claimant is correct; that the field notes of the survey, as filed, furnish such an accurate description of the claim as will, if incorporated into &■ patent, serve to fully identify the premises, and that such reference is made therein to natural objects or permanent monuments- as will perpetuate and fix the ioeus thereof. 40. Idem.— It will be thu more convenient way to have this certifieatf) indorsed by the surveyor-general, both upon the plat and field notes of survey filed by the claimant as aforesaid. 41. :Froo:f of Plat Remaining Posted.- After the sii.ty days* period of newspaper publication has expired, the claimant will furnish from the office of publication a sworn statement that vhe notice was published for the statutory period, giving the first and last day of such publication, and his own affidavit showing that the plat and notice aforesaid remained conspicuously posted upon the claim sought to be patented during said sixty days* publication, giving the dates. 42. Entry.— Statements of Sums Paid.— Upon the filing of this affidavit the register ittttii Nl mm m 106 LAND OFFICE BULKS, will, if no adverse claim was tiled in his office during the period of piiblicatiou, permit the olaimaat to pay for the land according to the area given in the plat and field notes of survey- aforesaid, at the rate of five dollars for each acre and five dollars for each fractional part of «.a acre, the receiver issuing the usual duplicate receipt thereior. The claimant will also make a sworn statement of all charges and fees paid by him for publication and surveys, together with 8.11 fees and money paid the register and receiver of the land office; after which the whole matter wlh 'je forwarded to the Commissioner of the General Land Office and a patent issued thereon If found regular. 43. Proof of Posting in Land Office. —In sending up the papers in the case the register must not omit certifying to the fact that the notice was posted in his office for the full period of sixty days, such certificate to state distinctly when such posting was done and how long con- tinued. 44. The consecutive series of numbers of mineral entries must be continued, whether the same are of lode or placer claims or mill sites. 45. Saries of Numbers. — The surveyors- general shouM designate all surveyed mineral claims by a progressive series of numbers, be- ginning with survey No. 37, irrespective as to whether they are situated on surveyed or unsur- veyed lands, the claim to be so designated at the date of issuing the order therefor, in addi- tion to the local designation of the claim. It being requirad in all cases that the plat and field notes of the survey of a claim must, in addi- tion to the reference to permanent objects in the 1 LAND OFFICE KUt.EH. 107 neighborhood, deporibe the locus of the ciaim^ with reference to the lines of public surveys, Dy a line oonneoting: a corner of the claim with ttio nearest public corner of the United Stdrtes sur- vey b, unless such claim bo on unsurveyed landa at a distance of more than two miles from sucli public corner, in which latter case it should be connected with a United States mineral monu- ment. Such oonnectinK line must not be more than two miles in length and should be measured on the ground direct between the points, or oaloulated from actually surveyed traverse linos if the nature of the country should not permit direct measurement. If a regularly established survey corner is within two miles of a claim sit- uated on unsurveyed lands, the connection should be made with such corner in preference to a connection with m United States mineral monument. The connecting line must be sur- veyed by the deputy mineral surveyor at the time of his making the particular survey, and be made a* part thereof. 46. Diagram of Claims on Surveyed Land. —Upon the approval of the survey of a mining olaim made upon surveyed lands, the surveyor- general will prepare and transmit to the local land office and to this office a diagram tracings showing the portions of legal 40-acre subdivi- sions made fractional by reason of the mineral survey, designating each of such portions by the proper lot number, beginning with No. 1 la each section and giving tiie area of each lot, 47. No Survey Before Becord.--The survey and plat of mineral claims, required by section 2325, Revised Statutes of the United States, to be filed in the proper land office, with application 108 LAND OrFfOE RULES. lor patent, must be made subsequent to the recording of the location of the mine ; and when the orlfi^inai location is made by survey of a United States deputy surveyor such location survey can not be substituted for that required by the statute, as above indicated. 48. Details for $500 Improvemente.— The surveyor-general should derive his information upon which to base his certificate, as to the value of labor expended or improvements made, from his deputy who makes the actual survey and examination upon the promises, a d such deputy shuuJd specify with particularity and full detail the character and extent of such improvements. 49. The following> partioolars shotild be ob- served in the survey of every loininflr claim : (1) The exteriorboundariesofthe claim should be represented on the plat of survey and in the field notes. (2) The intersection of the lines of the survey with the lines of conflicting prior survey^ should be noted in the field notes and represented upon the plat. (3) Conflicts with unsurveyed claims, where the applicant for survey does not claim the Jirea in conflict, should be shown by actual survey. (4) The total area of the claim embraced by the exterior boundaries should be stated, and also the area in conflict with each intersecting survey, substantially as follows : Acres. Total area of c lai m , 1 0. 50 Area in conflict with survey No. 302 1.56 Area in conflict with survey No. 948 2.33 Area in conflict with Mountain Maid lode mining claim, unsurveyed 1.48 L^l^D OFFICE RULES. 109 1.48 It does not follow that because minlin? .sur- veys are required to exhibit all conflicts with prior surveys the areas of conflict are to bo excluded. The field notes and plat are mad© a part of the application for patent, and carf> should be taken that the description does not Inadvertently exclude portions intended to be retained. It is better that the application for patent should state the portions to be excluded in express terms. A survey executed as in the example given will enable the applicant for patent to exclude such conflicts as may seem desirable. For inf tance, the conflict with sur- vey No. 302 and with the Mountain Maid lode claim might be excluded and that with survey No. 948 included. 50. Overlapping Lode Claims.— The rights granted to locators under section 2322, Revised Statutes, are restricted to such locations oa veins, lodes, or ledges as may be ** situated on the public domain.** In applications for lodo claims where the survey conflicts with a prior valid lode claim or entry, and the ground in oonf let is excluded, the applicant not only has no right to the excluded ground, but he has no right to that portion of any vein or lode the top or apex of which lies within such excluded ground, unless his location was prior to May 10,. 1872. His right to the lode claimed terminates where the lode, in its onward course or strike, intersects Ihe exterior boundary of such ex- cluded ground and passes within it. 51. End Iiine of Lode Olaim Abattinir on Prior Survey.— The end line of his survey should not, therefore, be established beyond such inter* 110 LAND OFFICE RULES. section, unle&s it should be necessary so to do for the purpose of including ground held and claimed under a location which was made upon public land and valid at the time it was made. To include such ground (which may possibly embrace other lodes) the end line of the survey may bo established within the conflicting sur- vey, but ti:'^ line must be so run as not to extend any farther into the conflicting survey than may be necessary to make such end line parallel to the other end line and at the same time embrace the ground so held and claimed. ' The useless pra<»tice in such cases of extending both the side lines of a survey into the conflicting survey and establishing an end line \i holly within it, beyond a point necessary under the rule just stated, will be discontinued. PLACEB CLAIMS. 52. Application for Patent. —The proceed- ings to obtain patents for claims usually called placers, including all forms of deposit, excepting veins of quartz or other rock in plaos. are simi- lar to the proceedings prescribed for obtaining patents for vein or lode claims ; but where said placer claim shall be upon surveyed lands, and eonforms to legal subdivisions, no further sur- vey or plat will be required, and all placer mining claims located after May 10, 1872, shall conform as nearly as practicable with the United States system of public land surveys and the rectangu- lar subdivisions of such surveys, and no such location shall include more than twenty acres for each individual claimant ; but where placer elaims can not be conformijd to legal subdivi- sions, survey and plat shall be made as on un- ^^g. LAND OFFICE RULES. lU > do and pen ade. ibly 'vey 3ur- end nay 1 to race less Bide and end will sed- liod ting Imi- ling said and Bur- ling orm ates igu- juch ores acer livi- un- surveyed lands. But whero such claims are located previous to the public surveys, and do not conform to legal subdivisions, survey, plat, and entry thereof may be made according to the boundaries thereof, provided the location is in all respects legal. 53. Idem.— Price.— The proceedings for ob- taining patents for veins or lodes having already been fully given, it will not be necessary to re- peat them here, it being thought that careful attention thereto by applicants and the local officers will enable them to act understandingly in the matter, and make such slight modifica- tions in the notice, or otherwise, as may be necessary in view of the different nature of the two classes of claims, placer claims being fixed, however, at two .dollars and fifty cents per iiore or fractional part of an acre. 54. Ten- Acre Lots.— By section 2330, au- thority is given for the subdivision of forty- acre legal Sixbdi visions into ten-acre lots, which is intended for the greater convenience of miners in segregating their claims both from one an- other and from intervening agricultural lands, 55. No Survey in Such Case.— It Is held, therefore, that under a proper construction of the law these ten-acre lots in mining districts should be considered and dealt with, to all intents and purposes, as legal subdivisions, and that an applicant having a legal claim which conforms to one or moT-e of these ten-acre lots, either adjoining or cornering, may make entry thereof, after the usual proceedings, without i!urther survey or piat. m w^. mm mmm m. 112 LAND OFFICK RULES. . [ I \ 56. Mode ox ijintry of Such Lota. —In cases of this kind, howover, the noticj*? given of the application must be very specific and accurate indescription, andas the forty-acre tracts may 1)6 subdivided into ten-acre lots, either in the form of squares of ten by ten chains, or if par- allelograms five by twenty chains, so long as the lines are parallel and at right angles with the lines of the public surveys, it will be necessary that the notice and application state specifically what ten-acre lots are sought to be patented, in addition to the other data required in the notice. fi7. Description. —Where the ten- acre sub- division .d in the form of a square, it may be described, for instance, as the "SE. ^4 of the SW. ^4 of NW. *4;** or. if in the form of a parallel- ogram as aforesaid, it may be described as the "W. ^ of the W. ^ of the S W, ^ of the NW. H (or the N. ^2 of the S. ^ of the NE. ^4 of the SE. ^4) of section , township , range ," as the case may be; but, in addition to this description of the land, the notice must give all the other data that is required in a mineral application, by which parties may be put on Inquiry as to the premises sought to be patented. The proofs submitted with applications for claims of this kind must show clearly the character and the extent of the Improvements upon the premises. Inasmuch as the surveyor-general has no duty to perform in connection with the entry of a placer claim of legal subdivisions, the proof of improvements must show their value to be not less than./lvc hundred dollars and that they were made by the applicant for patenter his grantors. The annual expenditure to the amount of $100 '^r^ LAND OFFICE BULKS. U3 required by section 2324, Revised Statutes^ must be made upon placer claims as well a» loda claims. 58. Lode in Placer. -Applicants for patent to a placer claim, who are also in possession of a known vein or lode included therein, must state in their application that the plaoei? inoiudes such vein or lode. The published and posted notices must also include such statement. If veins or lodes lying within a placer location are owned by other p.arties. the fact should be dis- tinctly stated in the application for patent and in all the notices. But in all oases whether the lode is claimed or excluded, it must be surveyed and marked upon the plat; the field notes and plat giving the area of the lode claim or claims and the area of the placer separately. It should be remembered that an application which omitd to include an application for a known vein or lode therein, must be construed as a conclusive declaration that th^^, applicant has no right of possession to the vein or lode. Where there is no known lode or vein, the fact must appear by the affidavit of two or more witnesses. 59. duantity of Placer Orouind Subject to Location.— By section 2330 it is declared that no location of a placer c)aim. made after July 9. 1870, shall exceed one hundred and sixty acres for any one person or association of persons, which location shall conform to the United States surveys. 60. Conformation to Public Survey.- Sec- tion 2331 provides that all piacer mining claims located after May 10, 1872, shall conform as nearly as practicable with the United States t^ti^nrngmmmm i^iuiiPiaaiwa 114 LAND OFFICE BULE8. systeiiis of public surveys and the subdivisions of Buoh surveys, and no sucti locations shall include more than twenty acres for each indi- vidual claimant. ^ 61. Limit to Size of Location.— The forego- Ing provisions of law are construed to mean that after the 9th day of July, 1870, no location of a placer claim can be made to exceed one hundred and sixty acres, whatever may bo the number oi locators associated together, or whatever the local regulations of the district may allow; and that from and after May iO, 1872, no location made by an individual can exceed twenty acres, and no location !made by an association of individuals can exceed one hundred and sixty acres, which location of one hundred and sixty acresi cannot be made by a less number than eight bona fide locators; and no local laws or mining regulations can restrict a placer location to less than twenty acres, although the locator is not compelled to take so much. 62. How Located.— The regulations herein- before given as to the manner of marking loca- tions on the ground, and placing the same on record, must be observed in the case of placer locations so far as the same are applicable, the law requiring, however, that where placer claims are upon surveyed public lands the loca- tions must hereafter bo made to conform to legal subdivisions thereof as near as practicable. 63. Classifioation of the Land.— The first care in recognizing an application for patent upon a placer claim must be exercised in deter- mining the eTict classification of the lands. To rriiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiir-ii^ nm ^mm mam ■■■■I LAND OFFICE BULES. 115 •. or by To this end the clearest evidence of which the case is capable should be presented. (1) If the claim be all placer ground, that fact must be stated in the application and corrobo- rated by accompanying proofs; if of mixed placers and lodes, it should be so set out, with a description of all known lodes situated within the boundaries of the claim. A specific declara- tion, such as is required by section 2333, Revised Statutes, must be furnished as to each lode In- tended to be claimed. All other known lodes aare, by the silence of the applicant, excluded by law from all claim by him, of whatsoever nature, possessory or otherwise. (2) Section 2395, Revised Statutes (subdi- vision 7), requires the surveyor to "note in his field books the true situation of all mines, salt licks, salt springs, and mill seats which come to his knowledge," also "all water courses over which the lines he runs may pass." It further requires him to *' note the quality of the lands.** These descriptive notes are required by sub- division 8 to be incorporated in tbe plat by the surveyor general. (3) If these duties have been performed, the public surveys will furnish a reasonable guide to the district oflflcers and to claimants in prose- outing their applications. But experience has shown that great ner^leot has resulted from in- attention to the law in this respect, and the regular plats are of very little value in the mat- ter. It will, therefore, be required in the future that deputy surveyors shall, at the expense of the parties, make full examination of all placer claims surveyed by them, and duly note the facts as specified in the law. stating the quality and 116 UkND OFFICE EULE8. composition of the soil, the kind and amount of timber and other vegetation, the locus and size of streams, and such other matters as may ap- pear upon the suriace of the claim. This examin- ation should include the character and extent of all surface and underground workings, whether placer or lode, for mining purposes. (4) In addition to these data, which the law requires to be shown in all oases, the deputy should report with reference to the proximity of centers of trade or residence ; also of well known systems of lode deposit or of individual lodes. He should also report as to the use or adaptability of the chiim for placer mining ; whether water has been brought upon it in sufficient quantity to mine the same, or whether it can be procured for that purpose ; and. Anally , what works or ex- penditures have been made by the claimant or his grantors for the development of the claim, and their situation and location with respect to the same e s applied for. (6) This examination should be reported by the deputy under oath to the surveyor-general, and duly corroborated; and a copy of the same should be furnished with the application for patent to the claim, constituting a part thereof, and included in the oath of the applicant. (6) Applications awaiting entry, whether pub- lished or not, must be made to conform to these regulations, with respect to examination as to the character of the land. Entri«^s already made will bo suspended for such additional proofs as may oe deemed necessary in each case. MILL SITES. 64. Two Clasaes.— Section 2337 provides that "where non- mineral land not contiguous to LAND OFFICE RULES. 117 the vein or lode is used or occupied by the pro- prietor of such vein or lode for mining or nailling purposes, such non-adjacent surface ground may be embraced and included in an application for a patent for such vein or lode, and the same may be patented therewith, subject to the same pre- liminary requirements as to survey and notice as are applicable to veins or lodes ; but no loca- tion hereafter riade of such non-adjacent land shall exceed Ave acres, and payment for the same Rust be made at the same rate as fixed by this chapter for the superficies of the lode. The owner of a auarta mill or reduction works, not owning a mine in connection therewith, may also receive a patent for his mill site, as provided in this section." 65. To avail themselves of this provision of law, parties holding the possessory right to a vein or lode, and to a piece of non-mineral land not contiguous thereto, for mining or mill- ing purposes, not exceeding the quantity allowed for such purpose by section 237, United States Revised Statutes, or prior laws, under which the land was appropriated, the proprietors of such vein or lode m.ay file in the proper land office their application for a patent, under oath, in manner already set forth herein, which applica- tion, together with the plat and field notes, may include, embrace, and describe, in addition to the vein or lode, such non-contiguous mill site, and after due proceedings as to notice, etc., a patent will be issued conveying the same as one claim. 66. Lots "A" and **B. "-In making the sur- vey in a case of this kind, the lode claim should 118 LAND OFFICE BUIiBS. be described in the plat and field notes as ** Sur. No. 87, A," and tne mill site as '* Sur. No. 37. B," or whatever may be its appropriate numerical designation; the course and distance from a corner of the mill site to a corner of the lode claim to be invariably given in such plat and field notes, and a copy of the plat and notice of application for patent must be conspicuously posted upon the mill site as well as upon the vein or lode for the statutory period of sixty days. In making the entry no separate receipt or certificate need bo issued for the mill site, but the whole area of both lode and mill site will be embraced in one entry, the price being five dol- lars for each acre and fractional part of an acre embraced by such lode and mill site claim, 67. Mill Site Without Lode.— In case the owner of a auartz mill or reduction works is not the owner or claimant of a vein or lode, the law permits him to make application therefor in the same manner prescribed herein for mining claims, and after due notice and proceedings, in the absence of a valid adverse filing, to enter and receive a patent for his Liili site at said price per acre. 68. Proof of Kon-Mineral Character and of Use by Applicant.— In every case there must be satisfactory proof that the land claimed as a mill site is not mineral in character, which proof may, where the matter ij unquestioned, consist of the sworn statement of two or more persons capable from acquaintance with the land to tes- tify understandingly.* I t. *For form of affidavit under Rule 68, see Application FOB Patent. 1 LAND OFFICE KTJLBS 11^ g fe3 120 LAND OFFICE KULES. POSSESSORY BIGHT. 69. Title by i^dverse PoBseasion. — With regard to the proofs necessary to establish the possessoiy right to a mining claim, section 2332 provides that "where such person or association, they and their grantors, have held and worked their claims for a period eciual to the time pre- scribed by the Statute of Limitations for mining claims of the State or Territory where the same may be situated, evidence of such possession and working of the claims for such period shall be sufficient to establish a right to a patent thereto under this chapter, in the absence of any adverse claim." 70. Chain of Title Broken but Possession Clear.— This provision of law will greatly lessen the burden of proof, more especially in the case of old claims located many years since, the records of which, in many cases, have been destroyed by fire, or lost in other ways during the lapse of time, but conoorning the possessory right to which all controversy or litigation has long be< I settled. 71. Details of Proof in Such Case.— When an applicant desires to make his proof of pos- sessory right in accordance with this provision of law. he will not be required to produce evi- dence of location, copies of conveyances, or abstracts of title, as in other cases, but will be required to furnish a duly certified copy of the Statute of Limitation of mining claims for the State or Territory, together with his sworn statement giving a clear and succinct narration of the facts as to the origin of his title, and like- wise as to the continuation of his possession of M Mi LAND OFFICE RULES. 131 the mining ground covered by his application; tho area thereof; the nature and extent of the mining that has been done thereon; whether there has been any opposition to his possession, or litigation with regard to his claim, and, if so, when the same ceased; whether such cessation was caused by compromise or by judicial decree, and any additional facts within the claimant's knowledge having a direct bearing upon his possession andlbona fides which he may desire to submit in support of his claim. 72. Oertificate of no Suit.— There should likewise be filed a certificate, under seal of the court having jurisdiction of mining cases within the judicial district embracing the claim, that no suit or action of any character whatever involv- ing the right of possession to any portion of the claim applied for is pending, and that there has been no litigation before said court affecting the title to said claim or any part thereof tor a period equal to the time fixed by the Statute of Limita- tions for mining claims in the State or Territory as aforesaid, other than that which has been finally decided in favor of the claimant. 73. Corroborating Afladavits.— The claim- ant should support his narrative of facts relative to his possession, occupancy, and improve- ments by corroborative testimony of any disin- terested person or persons of credibility who may be cognizant of the facts in the case and are capable of testifying understandingly in the premises. 74. Proof of Annual Labor. —As a condition for the making of application for patent accord- ing to section 2325, there must be a preliminary r>t)i^wiuip»i.«iiii «■> 122 LAND OFFICE BULES. showing of work or expenditure upon each loca- tion, either by showing the full amount suffi- cient to the HGialnte nance of possession under section 2324 for the pending year ; or, if there has been failure, it should be shown that work has been resunaed so as to prevent relooatlon by adverse parties after abandonment. The *• pending year " means the calendar year In which application is made, and has no refer- ence to a showing of work at date of the final entry. 75. TMs preliminary allowing may, where the matter is unquestioned, consist of the affida- vit of two or more witnesses familiar with the facts. 76. Proof of Oitizensliip of Hining Claim* ants.— The proof necessary to establish the citi- ^j^senship of applicants for mining patents must be made in the following manner: In case of an ,i Incorporated company, a certified copy of their charter or certificate of incorporation must be filed. In case of an association of persons unin- corporated, the affidavit of their duly authorized agent, made upon his own knowledge or upon information and belief, setting forth the resi- dence of each person forming such association, must be submitted. This affidavit must be accompanied by a power of attorney from the parties forming such association, authorizing the person who makes the affidavit of citizen- ship to act for them in the matter of their appli- cation for patent. 77. In case of an individual or an associa- tion of individuals who do not appear by their duly authorized agent, you will require the LAND OFFICE RULES. 12S affidavit of each applicant, showing whether he Is a native or naturalized citizen, when and where born, and his residence. 78. In case an applicant has declared his intention to become a citizen or has been natur- alized, his affidavit must show the date, place and the court before which he declared his inten- tion, or from which his oertifloate of citizenship issued, and present residence. 79. Who May Take Affidavit. —The affidavit of the, claimant as to his citizenship may be taken before the register or receiver, or any other officer authorized to administer oaths within the land district; or, if the claimant is residing beyond the limits of the district, the affidavit may be taken before the clerk of any court of record or before any notary public of any State or Territory. 86. Affidavits Out of Land District.— If citizenship is established by the testimony of disinterested persons, such testimony may be taken at any place before any person authorized to administer oaths, and whose official character is duly verified. ADVEBSE CLAIMS. 81. Section 2826« and the Act of April 26^ 1882, provide for adverse ciaiL s. fix the time within which they shall be filed to bave legal effect, and prescribe the manner of their adjust- ment, etc. 82. Must be FUed Within the District Under Oath.— An adverse mining claim must be filed with the register and receiver of the land office where the applloation for patent was filed* 124 liANP OFFICE BULES. or with the register and receiver of the district In which the land is situated at the time of filing the adverse oiaim. It must be on the oath of the adverse cJaimant, or it may be verified by thj oath of any duly authorized agent or attorney- in-fact of the adverse claimant, cognizant of the facts stated, 83. Where an agent or attorney-in-fact verifies the a-dverse claim, he must distinctly swear that he is such agent or attorney, and accompany his affldavit by proox thereof. 84. The agent or attorney-in-fact must make the affidavit in verification of the adverse claim within the land district where the claim is situated. 85. The adverse notiee must fully set forth the nature and extent of the interference or conflict ; whether the adverse party claims as a purchaser for valuable consi'derftion or as a locator; if the former, a certified copy of the original location, the original conveyance, a duly certified copy thereof, or an abstract of title from the office of the proper recorder should be fur- nished, or if the transaction was a merely verba' one he will narrate the circumstances attending the purchase, the date thereof, and the amount paid, which facts snudld be supported by the afildavit of one or more witnesses, if any were present at the time, and if he claims as a locator he must file a duly certified copy of the location from the olflce of tl? <, r^roper recorder. 86. Plat.— In orcic r that the " boundaries " and •* extent ** of the claim n ay be shown, it will be incumbent upon the adverse claimant to file a plat showing his entire claim, its relative situa- ^HMiiMiiilii LAND OFFICE BULES. 125 strict filing of the ►y th3 »rney- of the L-fact inctiy r, and make ) claim [lim is ; forth fice or IS as a r as a of the , a duly le from be fur- ■ verbal endmg imount by the y were locator ocation les " and will be to file a e situa- tion or position with the one against which he claims, and the extent of the conflict. This plat must be made from an actual survey by a United States deputy surveyor, who will oflacially cer- tify thereon to its correctness ; and in addition there must be attached to such plat of survey a cei'tlficate or sworn statement by the surveyor as to the approximate value of the labor per- formed or improvements made upon the claim by the adverse party or his predecessors in interest, and the plat must indicate the position of any shafts, tunnels, or other improvements, if any such exist, upon the claim of the party opposing the application, and by which party said improvements were made ; Provided^ how- ever, That if the application for patent describes the claim by legal subdivisions, the adverso claimant, if also claiming by legal subdivisions, may describe his adverse claim in the same manner, without further survey or plat. 87. Notioeof Advers*^-— Upon thf loregoing being filed within the sixty days as aforesaid, the register, or in his absence the receiver, will give notice in writing, to both parties to the con- test that such adverse claim has been filed, informing" them that the party who filed the adverse claim will be required within thirty days from the date of such filing to commence proceedings in a court of competent jurisdic- tion to determine the Question of right of pos- session^ and to prosecute the same with reason- able dillp-enoe to final judgment, and that should such adverse claimant fail to do so, his adverse claim will be considered waived, and the appli- cation for patent be allowed to proceed upon Its merits. i«pPHnpM ililiJl iJU|iKi|ipn9n«np|Pi|i|«i.wi>wijpmpi«f^nipi«..' on of the completion of the publication air:' \ Ing of notices and plat, and the filing of th'j n/ cessary proof thereof, until the controversy shall have been adjudi- cated in court, or the adverse claim waived or withdrawn. 89. Copy of Judgment.— Where an adverse claim has been filed and suit thereon commenced within the statutory period, and final judgment determining the right of possession rendered in favor of the applicant, it will not be sufficient for him to file with the registe ^* certificate of the clerk of the court, setting oM <- the facts ase to such judgment, but he i li ''^ l»efore he is allowed to make entry, file a cert "Hi copy of the judgment, together with the othci videnco re- quired by section 2326, Revised Statutes. 90. Where such suit has been dismissed, a certificate of. the clerk of the court to that effect, or a certified copy of the order of dismis- sal, will be sufficient. W'. • .'•^^■ 91 . In BO cape will a reiir: ^^iiiiiiment of the gTOund iu controversy, or oth«'T proof. flU'd with ino /^^li&t * r or receiver, bo accepted in lieu of the ev*dem>*^ ^uviuired. 92. Certificates of No Suit Brought.- Where en adverse claim has been flled, but no suit commenced against the applicant for patent MiMHiMittiHiifli |piyi'j»^--"-jrT liAND OFFICE RULES. 127 within the statutory period, a oertiflcate to that effect by the olerk of the 8tate court having juris- diction in the case, and also by the clerk of the circuit court of the United States for the district in which '.he claim is situatedp will be required. 93. Substitution.— A party who is not an applicant for patent under section 2325, Revised Statutes, or the assignee of such applicant, is not entitled to make entry under said section, and in no case will the name of such party be inserted in the certificate of entry. This regula- tion has no reference to proceedings under sec- tion 2326. 94. Trustees.— Any party applying to make entry as trustee must disclose fully the nature of the trust and the name of the cestui que trmt. and such trustee, as well as the beneficiaries, must furnish satisfactory proof of citizenship; and the names of beneficiaries, as well as that of the trustee, must be inserted in the final certificate of entry. 95. Scrutiny of Proofs. —No entry will be allowed until the register has satisfied himself, by a careful examination, that proper proofs #iave been filed upon all the points indicated in oflicial regulations in force, and that they show a sufficient bona flde compliance with the laws and such regulations. 96. Alaska. —The administration of the min- ing laws as prescribed by these regulations will be, so far as applicable, adopted for, and extended to, Alaskn. (1) The ex-offieio register, receiver, and sur- veyor-general while acting as such, and their ciorks oud deputy surveyors, will bo deemed ■pp^<"^ mmmmmmiwim 128 LAND OFFICE BULBS. subject to the laws and regulations governing the ojBBcial conduct and responsibilities of simi- lar oflQoers and persons under general Statutes of the United States. (2) The Commissioner of the General Land Office will exercise the same general supervision over the exectition of the laws as are or may be exercised by him in other mineral districts. APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY SUEVEYOKS OF MINING CLAIMS— CHARGES FOR SURVEYS AND PUBLICATIONS— FEES OF REGIS- ' TEES AND RECEIVERS, ETC. 97. Newspaper Chargres.— Section 23;:J4 pro- vides for the appointment of surveyors of min« eral claims, authorizes the Commissioners of the General Land Offlce to establish the rates to be charged for surv^eys and newspaper publica- tions. Under this authority of law the following rates have been established as the maximum charges for newspaper publications in mining oases: (1) Where a daily newspaper is designated, the charge shall not exceed seven dollars for* each ten lines of space occupied, and where a weekly newspaper is designated as the medium of publication, jSve dollars for the same space -^Tiil be allowed. Such charge shall be accepted as full payment for publication In each issue of the newspaper for the entire period required by law. / , It is expected that these notices shall not be so abbreviated as to curtail the description es- sential to a perfect notice, and tbe said rates LAND OFFICE EULE8. 129 established upon the understanding that they are to be in the usual body- type used for adver- tisements. (2) For the publication of citations in con- tests or hearings involving the character of lands, the charges shall not exceed eight dollars for five publications in weekly newspapers, or ten dollars for publicationo in daily newspapers for thirty days. 98. Deputy Surveyors. — The surveyors - general of the several districts will, in pursu- ance of said law, appoint in each land district as many competent deputies for the survey of mining claims as may seek such appointment; it being distinctly understood that all expenses of these notices and surveys are to be borne by the mining claimants and not by the United States; the system of making deposits for mineral sur- veys, as required by previous instructions, be- ing hereby revoked as regards field work; the claimant having the option of employing anf/ deputy surveyor within such district to do his work in the field. 99. Payment to Surveyor-Q-eneral.— With regard to the platting of the claim and other ojffice work in the surveyor-general's office, that officer will make an estimate of the cost thereof, which amount the claimant will deposit with any as- sistant United States treasurer or designated depository in favor of the United States treas- urer, to be passed to the credit of the fund cre- ated by "individual depositors for surveys of the public lands," and file with the surveyor- general duplicate certifloates of such deposit ia the usual manner. wmmm 130 LAND OFFICE KULES. 100. One Deputy to a District.— The sur- veyors-general will ondeavor to appoint mineral deputy surveyors so that one or more may bo located in each mining district for the greater convenience of miners. 101. Oath.— Duties of Deputies.— The usua] oaths will be required of these deputies and their assistants as to the correctness of each sur- vey executed by them. The duty of the deputy mineral surveyor ceases when he has executed the survey and returned the field notes and preliminary plat thereof with his report to the survey or- general. He will not be allowed to prepare for the mining claimant the papers in support of an application for patent, or otherwise perform the duties of an attorney before the land office in connection witii a mining claim. The surveyors-general and local land officers are expected to report any infringement of this regulation to this office. 102. Statement of Charges. —The law re- quires that each applicant shall file with the register and receiver a sworn statement of all charges and fees paid by him for publication of notice and for survey, together with all fees and money pail the register and receiver, which sworn stati ment is required to be transmitted to this office for the information of the Commis- sioner. 103. Exorbitant Charges.— Should it appear that excessive or ex ^rbitant charges have been made by any surveyor or any publisher, prompt action will be taken with the view of correcting the abuse* * LAND OFFICE RULES. 131 ,1. 104. The fees payable to the register and receiver for' filing and acting upon applications for mineral land patents are five dollars to each officer, to be paid by the applicant for patent at the time of filicg, and the like sum of Ave dollars is payable to each officer by an adverse claimant at the time of filing his adverse claim. (Sec. 2238. R. S., paragraph 9.) 105. Legal Tender. —All fees or charges un- der this law may be paid in United States o^ '.r- renoy. 106. Monthly Report to Gheneral Laiikd Oflace.— The register and receiver will, at the close of each month, forward to this office an abstract of mining applications filed, and a reg- ister of receipts, accompanied with an abstract of mineral lands sold ; and an abstract of adverse claims filed. 107. Accounts of Land Of9.ce. —The fees and purchase* money received by registers and re- oeiver» must be placed to the credit of the United States in the receiver's monthly and quarterly account, charging up in the disbursing account the sums to whioh the register and receiver may be respectively entitled as foes and commissions, with limitations in regard to the legal maximum. PEOCEEDINGS BEFORE '^^HB KEGISTEB AND BE- CEIVEB AND SURVEYOBS-GENBRAL IN CON- TESTS AND HEARINGS TO ESTABLISH THE CHARACTER OF LANDS, 108. The ''Rules of Practice in cases before the United States district land offices, the Gen- eral Land Office, and the Department of the 132 LAND OFilCB BULBS. ' Interior," approved August 13, 1885, will, as far as applioablt), govern in all cases and proceed- ings arising in contests and liearings to deter- mine the mineral or non-mineral chexacter of lands. 109. Affricnltiiral Entry of Mineral Lands. —No public land shall be withheld from entry as agricultural land on account of its mineral character, except such as is returned by the surveyor-general as mineral; and the presump- tion arising from such a return may be overcome by testimony taken in the manner hereinafter described. 110. Hearings to determine the character of land, as practically distinguished, are of two kinds : (1) Where lands which are sought- to be en- tered and patented as agricultural are alleged by affidavit to be mineral, or when sought as min- eral their n on- mineral character is alleged. The proceedings relative to this class are in the nature of a contest between two or more known parties. (2) When lands are returned as mineral by the surveyor-genei^l. When such lands are sought to be entered as agricultural, notice must be given by publica- tion for thirty days, with posting in the local office for the same period. 111. Examination of Witnesses. — At the hearings under either of the aforesaid classes, the claimantP 'ind witnesses will be thoroughly examined wii.h regard to the character of the land; whether the same has been thoroughly S/:* fc LAND OPriCE BULES. 133 ^ prospected; whether or not there exists within the tract or tracts claimed any lode or vein of quartz or other rook in place, bearing gold, sil- ver, cinnabar, lead, tin, or copper, or other valu- able deposit which has ever been claimed, locat- ed, recorded, or worked ; whether such work is entirely abandoned or whether occasionally re- sumed; if such lode does exist, by whom claimed, under what designation and in which subdivis- ion of the land it lies ; whether any placer mine or mines exist upon the land; if so, what is the character thereof —whether of the shallow sur- face description, or of the deep cement, blue lead or gravel deposits ; to what extent mining is carried on when water can be obtained, and what the facilities are for obtaining water for mining purposes ; upon what particular ten-acre subdivisions mining has been done, and at what time the land was abandoned for mining pur- poses, if abandoned at all. 112. The testimony shonld also show the agricultural capacities of the land, what kind of crops are raised thereon, and the value there- of; the number of acres actually cultivated for crops of cereals or vegetables, and within which particular ten-acre subdivision such crops are raised; also which of these subdivisions em- brace the improvements, giving in detail the extent and value of the improvements, such as house, barn, vineyard, orchard, fencing, etc., and mining improvements, 113. The testimony should be as full asxd complete as possible; and in addition to the leading points indicated above, where an attempt is made to prove the mineral character of lands 184 LANB OFFICE BULKS. which have been entered under the agricultural laws, it should show at what date, if at all, valu- . able deposits of mineral were first known to exist on the lands. f LAND OFFICE RULES. 135 ral -lu- ■ ? 5C '■-/' X 114. Division Contested— Grotuid Sur- vey.— When the case comes before this oiliee, such decision will be made as the law and the facts may justify; and in eases where a survey Is necessary to set apart the mineral from the agricultural land, the necessary instructions will be given to enable the proper party, at his own expense, to have the work done, at his option, either by United States deputy, county, or other local surveyor; the survey in such case, where the claims to be segregated are vein or lode claims must be executed in such manner as will conform to the requirements in section 2320, U. 8. Revised Statutes, as to length arwi width and parallel end lines. 115. Proof of Survey — Affidavits Before Whom Taken.— Such survey, when executed, must be properly sworn to by the surveyor, either before a nc try public* officer of a court of record, or before t e register or receiver, the deponent's character and credibility to bo properly certified to by the officer administering the oath. 116. Platting* ' > ne.— Upon the filing of the plat and field notes of such survey, duly s^yo^n to as aforesaid, you will transmit the same to the surveyor-general for his verification and ap- proval ; who, if he finds the work correctly per- formed, will properly mark out the same upon the original township plat in his ofTlce, and furnish authenticated copies of such plat and description both to the proper local land office and to this office, to be affixed to the duplicate and triplicate township plats respectively. 117. Diagram.— With the copy oi plat and description furnished the local office and thia 136 LAND OFFICB R JLE8. office, must be a diagram tracing verified by the surveyor-general, showing the claim or claims fiegregated, and designating the separate frac- tional agricultural tracts in each 40-acre legal subdivision by the proper lot number, beginning with No. 1 in each section, and giving the area in each lot, the same as provlde(i in paragraph 45, in the survey of mining claims on surveyed lands. 118. Proceedings if Land Awaj;ded to be Mineral.— The fact that 'ertain tract of land is decided upon testimor . .. be mineral in char- acter is by no means equivalent to an award of the land to a miner, A miner is compelled by law to give sixty days' publication of notice and posting of diagrams and notices, as a prelimi- nary step; and then.'before he can enter the land, he must show that the land yields mineral ; that he is entitled to ihe possessory right thereto in virtue of compliance with local customs or rules of miners, or by virtue of the Statute of Limita- tions; that he or his grantors have expended, in actual labor and improveme.'its, an amount of not less than five hundred dollars thereon, and that the claim f s one in regard to which there is no controversy or opposing claim. After all these proofs are met, he is entitled to have a survey made at his own cost where a survey Is required, after which he can enter and pay for the land embraced by his claim. 119. Blank forms for proofs in mineral cases are not furnished by the General Land Office. Thomas H. Cabter, Commissioner. Approved December 10th, 1891. John W. Noble, Secretary. h t -•':^L^%L.:^ CANADIAN MINING REGULATIONS Governing Placer Mining Along the Yukon Riv r and Its Tributaries in the Northwest Territories. f INTERPRETATION. **Bar Digreringrs/' shaU mtmn any part of a river over wliich tlie water extends when the water is in its flooded state, and which is not co\ered at low water. Mines on Benches shall bo known aa benoh diggings, and shall, for the purpose of defining the size of such claims, be excepted from dry diggings. "Dry Diggings" shall mean any mine over which a river never extends. "M^'ner" shall mean a male or female over the age of eighteen, but not under that age. "Claims" siall mean the personal right of property in a placer mine or diggings during the time for which the grant of such mine or diggings is made. t "Legal Post" shall mean a stake standing not less than four feet above the ground and squared on four sides for at least one foot from the top. Both sides so squared shall measure at least four inches across the face. It shall also 137 r 138 CANADIAN EEGULATIONS. iDaan any stump or tree cut off and squared or faced to tbe above height and size. **Close Season" shall mean the period of the year during which plactir mining is generally- suspended. The period to be fixed by the gold commissioner in v,'hc«e district the claim is situ- ated. "Locality" s.^ .i mean the territory along a river (tributary of the Yukon), and'Ui^ affluents. "Mineral" shall include all minerals whatso- ever other than coal. NATURE AND SIZE OF CLAIMS. First— Bax Digrsringrs: A strip of land 100 feet wide at iiigh water mark and thenc*^ ex- tending along into the river to its lowest water level. Second- The Prides of a Claim for Bar Dig- grings shall be two parallel lines run as nearly as poEsibie at right angles to the stream and shall be marked by four legal posts, one at each end o^ the claim at or about high water mark, also one at each end of the claim at or about th ^ edge of the waier. One of the posts at high water- mark shall be legibly marked with the nan e of tlie minor and the date upon which the claim is staked. Third" Dry Diggings shall be 100 feet square and shall have placed at each of its four corners a legal post, upcn one of which shall be legibly mai'kedthe mime of the miner and the date upon which the claim was staked. Fourth -Creek and Hiver Claims shall be 500 fi'et long, measured in direction of the gen- ^rsil course o! the stream, and shall v)xtend m width from base to base of the hill or bench on CANADIAN REGUIiATIONS. 130 1 or each side, but when the hili or benches are less than ?.00 feet apfiit, the claim may be 100 feet in depth. The sides of a claim shall be two parallel lines ran as nearly as pos- sible at right angles to the stream. The sides shall be marked with kgal posts at or about the td^e of the water, and {it the rear boundaries of the ^ilaim. One of the legal posts at the stream, shall be legibly marked w^ith the name of the miner and the date upon which 2^. W. Poliee on Duty. JV. W, Police at Best, the claim was staked. Fifth — Bench Claims shall be 100 feet square. Sixth-In Defining: the Size of Claims^ they shall be meas- ured horizontally. Irrespective of ine- qualities on the sur«- face of the ground. Seventh -If Any Person or Persona Shall Discover a New Mine, and such discovery shall be established 'o the satisfaction of the gold commissi oner^ 140 CANADIAN KEGUI.ATIONS. a claim for the bar diggings 750 feet in length may be f^ranted. A New Stratum of auriferous earth or gravel situated in a locality wh^re the claims are aban- doned, shall for f his purpose, bo deemed a new mine, although the same locality shall have pre- viously been worked at n different level. Eighth—The forms of application for a grant for placer mining and the grant of the same sh^ll be those contained in forms "H " and *'I" in the schedule hereto. N inth~A claim shall be recorded with the gold commissioner in whose district it is situ- ated within three days after the location thereof, If it is located within ten miles of the commis- sioner's office. One extra day shall be allowed lor making such record for every additional ten miles and fraction thereof. Tenth-'In.the event of the absence of the gold commissioner from liis office, entry for a claim may be granted by any person whom he may appoint to perform bis duties in his absence. Eleventh— Entry shall not be granted for a claim ^hiclA has not been staked by the appli- cant in person, in the manner specified in these re?^,ulation«-.. An affidavit that the claim, was staked out by the applicant shall be embod led in form " H " of the schedule hereto. Tw3lfth-~An entry fee of $15 shall be charged for the first year and an annual fee of $100 for each of the following years. This provision shall apply to the locations for which entries have already been granted. Thirteenth— After the recording of a claim, the removal of any post by the holder thereof, or any person acting in his behalf, for the purpose u Miiiiii iiHHiMi CANADIAN REGULATIONS. 141 of changing the boundaries of his claim, ^haiH act as a forfeiture of the claim. Fourteenth— The entry of every holder for a grant for placer mining must be renewed, and hisreoeipt relinquished and replaced every year, the entry fee being paid each year. Fifteenth—No miner shall receive a grant for more than one mining claim in the same locality; but the same miner may hold any number of claims by purchase, and any num->er of miners may unite to ^7ork their claims in common upon such terms as they may arrange, provided such agi-eement be registered with the gold commis- sioner and a fee of $5 paid for each registration- Sixteenth— Any r>'mer or miners may selU mortg or dispose of his or their claims, provide^ ! dl'^posal bo rejrfof ered with, and a fee of $2 pu ' > the gold mmissioner, who shall thereupon g ' ve the assignee a certificate in form *' J " ill the schedule aer^to. Seventeenth— Ever d^ during the continuance of his pvant, have tlie exclusive right of entry upon hi» own claim for the miner- like working thereof, and +he construction of a residence thereon, an' .1 be entitled exclu- sively to all the proct .d realized therefrom; but he shall have no surface rights therein, and the gold commissioner may grant to the holders of adjacent claims such rights of entry thereon as may be absolutely necessary for the workinpr of their claims, upon such terms ac may to him soem reasonable. He may also ^rant permits to miners to cut timber thereon for their own use, upon payment of the dues prescribed by the regulations in that behalf. Eighteenth— Every miner shall be entitled to 142 CANADIAN EEOULATIONS, the use of so much of the water naturally flow- ing through or past his claim, and not already lawfully appropriated, as shall in the opinion of the gold commissioner, be necessary for the due working thereof, and shall be entitled to drain his own claim free of charge. Nineteenth— A claim ffhall be deemed to be abandoned and open to the occupation and entry by any p'^rson when the same shall have re- mained unworked on working days by the grantee thereof or by some person on his behalf for the space of seventy-two. hours, unless sick- ness or other reasonable cause may be shown to the satisfaction of the gold commissioner, or unless the grantee is absent on leave given by the commissioner, and the gold commissioner, upon obtaining evidence satisfactory to himself that this provision id not being complied with, may cancel the entry given for a claim. Twentieth— If the land upon which a claim aas been located is not the property of the crown it will be necessary for the pers«".n who applies for entry to furnish proof that he has acquired from the owner of the land the surface right before entry can be granted Twenty-first— If the occupier of the lands has not re ^ived a patent ^^herefor, the purchase mpney of the surface rights must bo paid to the crown, and a patent of the surface rights will issu to the party who acquired the mining rights. The money so collected will either be refunded to the occupier of the land when ho is entitled to a patent therefor, or will be credited to him on account of payment for land. Twenty-second— "When the party obtaining the mining rights cannot make an arrangement n( 01 u tamm CANADIAN REGULATION'S. 143 with the owner thereof for the acquisition of the surface rights ic shall bo lawful for him to give notice to the owner or his agent, or the occupier to appoint an arbitrator to act with another ar- bitrator named by him in order to award the amount of compensation to which the owner or occupant shall be entitled. The notice mentioned in this section shall be according to form to be obtained upon application from the gold com- missioner for the district in which the lands in question lie, and shall, when practicable, be per- sonp-lly served on such owner or his agent, if known, or occupant, and after reasonable efforts have been made to effect persoiial service with- out success, then such notice shall be served upon the owner or agent within a period to be fixed by the gold commissioner before the ex- piration of the time limited in such notice. If the proprietor refuses or declines to appoint ah ar- bitrator, or when, for any other reason, no ai*- bitrator is appointed by the proprietor in the time li' ited therefor in the notice provided by this section, the gold commissioner for the dis- trict in which the lands in question lie, shall, on being satisfied by affidavit that such notice has come to the knowledge of such owner, agent or occupant, or that such owner, agent or occupant, wilfully evades the service of such notice, or can not be found, and that reasonable efforts have been made to effect such service, and that the notice was left at the last place of abode of such owner, agent or occupant, appoint an arbitrator on his behalf. Twenty-third— (a) All arbitrators appointed under the authority of these regulations shall be sworn before a justice of the peace to the impair- 144 CANADIAN URGULATIONS. tial discharge of the duties assigned to them, and they shall forthwith proceed to estimate the reasonable damages which the owner or occu- pant of such lands according to their several in- terests therein shall sustain by reason of such prospecting and mining operations. (b) In estimating such damages the arbitra- tors shall determine the value of the land, irre- spectively of any enhancement thereof from the existence of mineral therein. (c) Incase such arbitrators cannot agree they may select a third arbitrator, and when the two arbitrators cannot agree upon a third arbitrator, the gold commissioner for the district in which the lands in question lie shall select such third arbitrator. id) The a^ward of any two such arbitrators made in writing shall be final, and shall be filed with thej^old commissioner for the district in which the lands lie. If any oases arise for which no provision is made in these regulations, the provisions of the regulations governing the disposal of mineral lands other than coal lands, approved by his ex- cellency the governor, in counoil, on the 9th of November, 1889, shall apply. Certificate of Asai^nxnent of a Placer Mining' Claim. " Form 'J.* "No •• Department of the Interior. "Agency 18.... "This Is to certify that (B. C.) has (or have) filed an assignment in due form dated 18.... and accompanied by a registration fee of mm wmmmmm CANADIAN REGULATIONS. _L-!-^ !' ! i «tffl g**? 145 Boat building on Lake Idndeman. '.■*m-'it,.'*i-- 146 CANADIAN KEGULATIONS. two dollars, of the igi'aot to. ....(A. B.) of of the right to mine in (insert description of claim) for one year from 18... " This certifloate entitles the said (B. C.) to all rie:ht8»and.privileges ©f the said (A. B.) in r<3speot of the claim assigned, that is to say, the exclusive right of entry upon tho said claim for the min^r-like working thereof, and the con- struction of a residence thereon, and the ex- clusive right to all proceeds therefrom, for the remaining portion of the year for which said afkim was granted to the £ Id (A. B.) that is to say, until the 18.... .'•The said (B.C.) shall be entitled to the use of so much of the water naturally flowing through or past his (or their) claim, and not already lawfully appropriated, as shall bo necessary for the due working thereof, and to drain the claim free of charge. '* This grant does not oonvey to the said (B. C.) any surface rights in said claim or any rights of ownership in the soil covered by the said claim, -fnd the said grant shall lapse and be forfeited unless the claim is continually and ingood faith worked by the said (B. C.) or his (or their) associates. **The rights hereby granted are those laid down in the Dominion Mining Regulations, and are subject, to all provisions of the said regula- tions, whether the same are expressed herein or not. •f <( *' Gold Commissioner." _^^g^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^___l^ CANADIAN REGULATIONS. 147 Application for Grant for Placer Mining Claim and Aifidavit of Applicant. "Porm*H/ "I, (orw«) of hereby apply under the Dominion Mining Regulations for grant of a claim for placer mining as defined imthe said regulations in (here describe locality) and I (or we) solemnly swear: " Fir? t— That I (or we) am (or are) to the best of my (oi' our) knowledge and belief, the first dis- coverer (or discoverers) of the said deposit, or " Second— That the said claim was previously granted to (here name the last grantee), but has remained unworked by the said grantee for not less than "Third— That 1 (or we) am (or are) unaware that the land is other than vacant Dominion lands. "Fourth -That I (or we) did on the clay of mark out on the ground in accordance in every particular with the pro- visions of the mining regulations for the Yukon river and its tributaries, the claim for which I (or we) make this application, and that in so doing I (or we) did not encroach on any other claim or mining location previously laid out by any other person. "Fifth— That the said claim contains as ntiiily as I (or we) could measure or estimate an area of square feet, and that the descrip- tion (and skotch, if any) of this date hereto at- tached, signed by me (or us) set (or sets) forth in detail to the best of my (or our) knowledge and ability its position, form and dimensions. ./ 148 CANADIAN BBGULATIONS. " Sixth— That I (or we) make this application in good faith to actiuire the claim for the sole purpose of mining, prosecuted by myself (or us) or by myself and associates, or by my (or our) assigns. " Sworn before me At this day of "(Signature) " Orant for Plaoer Claim. **Form*l.' *• Department of the Interior. "Agency 18..,. "In consideration of the payment of the fee prescribed by clause 12 of the mining regula- tions of the Yukon river and its tributaries by (A.B.) accompanying his (or their) application No dated ,.18 — for amining claim in (here insert description of locality), the minister of the interior hereby grants to the said (A. B.) for the term of one year from the date hereof the exclusive right of entry upon the claim (here describe in detail the claim). ^ » " Granted— For the miner-like working thereof and the construction of aresiderce thereon, and the exclusive right to all the proceeds derived therefrom. » That the said (A. B J shall be entitled to the use of eo much water naturally flowing through or past his (or their) claim and not already lawfully appropriated as shall be necessary for the due working thereof, and to drain his (or their) claim fme of charge. Vfe <^^. ,rr.^m^..-^irm^*,lttUi,. -.T^MJMlrtWMiM I'r CANADIAN B^OtjLATTONS. 149 'This grant doea not convey to the said (A. BJ any surface rigkt in the said claim or any right of ownership in the soil covered by the said claim, and the said grant shall lapse and be forfeited unless the claim is continuously and in good faith worked by the said (A. B.) or his (or their) associates. "The rights hereby granted are those laid down in the afor^^said mining regulations and no more, and are subject to all the provisions of the said regulations, whether the same are expressed herein or not. «< •* Gold Commissioner." 'i AmendmentM. Amended regulations governing gold mining in the Klondyke appepred August 14, 1897, in the •' Canadian OflHcial Gazette. " Entry can only be granted for alternate claims known as creek claims, bench claims, bar diggin^rs, and drr diggings, and that the other alternate "lalms be reserved for the crown, to be disposed of by public auction or in such manner as may be decided by the Minister of the Interior. Another order reads as follows: *• Whereas, Clause 7 of the regulations gov- erning the disposal of placer mines on the Yukon Biver and its tributaries in the North- west Territories, established by order in Coun- cil of May 21, 1897, provides that if any person shall discover a new mine and such discovery shaU be established to the satisfaction of the 150 CANADIAN REGULATIONS. Gold Commission a claim for the bar diggings, 750 feet in lengtii, may be granted- and, whereas, the intention was to grant a claim of 750 feet in length to the discoverer of the new mine upon a creek or river and not to grant a claim of that length for bar diggings, his Excellency by and with the advice of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada is pleased to order that Clause 7 shall be amended so that the above grant to a discov- erer may apply to creek and river claims instead of to bar diggings." Shootifig the Rapids. wmmmmmmmm )as, it in •n (I hilt and mcll khall Itead 1897 — ^•1898«<^— 1 JULY. JANUARY. JULY. 1 8 M T W T F 8 8 M T W T r N 8 M T W T F e • • 1 2 8 . .. .. 1 .. ., « • 1 2 4 5 « 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 a 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 55 10 11 12 l.'i H Ift 16 18 19 20 21 22 28 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 n 18 19 20 21 2V 23 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2-1 25 26 27 28 29 30 , , , . • • , . , , , , , , 30 31 , . . . 31 . . . . AUOU8T. FEBRUARY. AUGUST. 1 1 2 8 4; 6 i 7 1 2 3 4 5 • • » 2 8 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 11 19 13 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 \(& n 18 19 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 28 23 24 26 26 27 28 20 21 2'J ri 24 25 26 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 • • 80 31 •• • • • • 27 28 • • •• ;: 28 29 30 31 •• •• •• 8BPTEMBER. MARCH. BEPTEMBBR. | • * 1 2 8 4 1 2 3 4 5 ..i.. .. 11 2 3 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I'i 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 )9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 28 24 26 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 18 19 20 "1 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 • • • • 27 28 29 30 • • 31 •• 25 26 27 28 29 30 OOTOBBR. APRIL. OOTOBBR , , , ^ , , « • 1 S ., 1 2 , , , , ^• , , 1 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 8 4 6 6 7 8 10 11 19 18 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 n 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 M 35 26 97 28 29 80 24 26 26 97 28 2S 30 i3 24 26 26 27 28 29 311.. • • . , . . 30 31 NOVEMBER. MAY. NOVEMBER. | , , 1 9 8 4 6 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ' , ^ .. 1 2 8 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 U) 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 t4 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 28 • • 29 30 • • 29 3(1 ';n . .1.. •• • • •• •• 27 28 29 30 •• •• D •ECBMBBR. JUNE. DECBMBER. | , . 1 2 8 4 1 2 8 4 • «■' . . .. .. 1 2 3 5 H 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 16 16 17 '8 iJ 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 19 ';o 21 22 23 24 25 18 la 20 21 22 23 24 'i6 • • 27 28 • • 29 • ■ 30 31 • • • • • • 26 27 28 29 30 ^ 25 • • 26 27 • • 28' :9 30 31 151 mmmmtmmrmmmmmmmmmm EXPE^iSES Month of- .18 rf " • • ' , ■ 1 , _ _ '•■■teiRq^'ji^^^lh^Ufe^- 1 1 152 RECEIPTS. Month oL .18. - g f _ 1 153 EXPENSES Month oL -18. 4 r y - * ' ' ■ * • 1 V 154 A RECEIPTS. Month of. .I8_ I i ^ I 155 EXPENSES Month oL J8 ii R t I * il ^.^'%- 156 RECEIPTS. Month of. 18. — « — ■ -—-—-A — •— . ' ■! in " I .^ « .11 m il .1 . ■■' ■■■iii.ii ■■- ..I ■ .. . ■!■■»»■ Ml ■■■ . — I — ■■ iiii™ ^^■■■ ™ — — - ——■.■.■ II I M '^mi ^^'^ EXPENSES Month oL .18- t 158 ^w*™^ RECEIPTS. Month of_ • -* • ' ■ -.v'm.yt»-'» f — 150 EXPENSES Month of„ J8. ' 1 ■■■ y ' iS < .; I, I 160 ^^ RECEIPTS. Month oL 18. - 'u 161 EXPENSES Month o(- .18- i 1(>2 ittmOimimmatmmmimasM RECEIPTS. Month of_ 18 163 EXPENSES Month oL. 18 c / ( 1 -dp^Bi^H^^ ' 164. RECEIPTS. Month of. .18. 1 1 — - — t — '- __. — — ' ' -. • 165 EXPENSES Month o.l 18. ' I ■ . ■ ,.-, I.. i | . ., : I I , ,. I ! I I I „.. - . ■ '! "i ^ _ ; i_ «m RECEIPTS. Month oL .»«u-.. ]> * . i I \ I I I 6XP'£NSeS Mmth ot .18. 1 . . .. 1 -7 1 ■ WSfefi**:' , ., . , _,_ "> • ■ I / \ t«8 ■■'^-■•" ■"-"-^' RECEIPTS. Month ot IS. \ I • im EXPENSES Month oL 18- 17€t — ■■M t RECEIPTS. Month ol. 18 4 ? arr I I I ! I I i 17i CXPSN8K8 Month tt I ( ' n 172 M REOKIPTS. Month of. .18 4 • ■: v-x; • — , --" s> ' It * «*-■■■ 178 6XPEN8E8 Month oL la.--.. ■ ■ I 174 RECEIPTS. Month of. .18. I ti> ' iiiHi M »«i' i i ■ ■ m Jiiwrn ^-w itgi- 175 MEMORANDA ' / _^- « • — — — — . — .. 17G mgmgmmmamgmmi^mimm I" lu w^w^mti^mw^^wimf' MEMORANDA ■M*«i m i«ii> iiipiii i iiiWi i I « f( i r i irt ii ii i n * »»> — ■■■■Mni W i- « i il l* M lH< " I I |i MW»W'*^'**lf"' *■', ' " ■'■'* "l" l 177 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) I I "*■ 1.0 I.I tlS. IIIM 112 :r iM 1.25 1.4 M 1= 120 1.8 1.6 6" -1 Photographic Sciences Corporation # ^< m^ :\ \ °A' > ri7 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 fi> .< ^y ... «. 1 % IP.- f??/ i/i ^<^. 1^<^ ^ 3 I .""•M^l .-rf-i- MEMORANDA ;^ m 1.?:. ■' -" ■' . . 1 ,' *• , * ■>■ ^ '■■■, ', — r — — • * 178 " wrmmmmmm^m^mm'^im!'!!^''^') ' ,i|'-Mi; ",'",.' -'Vl MEMORANDA ■ ■ rf .-^.« ^ ii# H ii -4!^ 179 i^mwmt mmmmmmmm''SfmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmHmmKlfff MEMORANDA ■ ■ -.^*U- wmm '''■hhIbk^' • ,.: ■ ,■ ' ,. •■ ttflli 180 Hi»"^^»T»"«P»«^'" ■ ^ ■ g fy< ii '»JMMiypv.,^^ . *y j (ii^|M # '^^ ^.'mffA^'^ *^-" MEMORANDA 181 mmmmmmmmm MEMORANDA I' * ^vIMttt^r*- -^^f. "■ ^l n j jJ im i l i tf L., MEMORANDA ' •^•'.MAr . ■ ». ■ »*w n inw» t n* t^^ imi m 'ir^ yjvn ^::p ^ w bi^W^" ** * f **W ' MEMORANDA ^ lf4 l|lll||iM W I! j K|IW)My H |p, MEMORANDA '•'-f-' J I U CH ^P n^F ii 'i^ y K ' ■> ■ illil WH" I' I I ' k"^ MEMORANDA \ ^ H i •% 55?^ i' » t — . — ~ - , — -._ 1 -^ rr fc_ — _- fe. _ t. ■<■■*-■< " *■*■ 186 -^^^p/^ f i "m" " " "' i p' i i^;^;' ' - ' -y ' " i . ' * ^1 i MEMORANDA 187 ■.y,t;<>*»'^w>*(t-wH t i . i^fi i^ ifwi iWTi iWii y i n' i n' ii ii ' j iiiii M i TO ' H iii n iii ii« ' iiw■■■,: MEMORANDA 192 ,*"^ ■ > i \ I iii 5 ■■ ipRP^iiJl 'I ^f'.^ 1"-^ s. \h ^ ' '*- >.S(.ui ^„2JiJki ?• .'*n; .-^>-^-< _,-.._>^ t. ■"^ . ■> " •«»« ., €M-i.A , 4/ :■ J -^.J ^..-•^^ % . [y\ / «^,. ,,,,.., _:^% c44^' I «.'*■;" ?jf.^^ \ ~^ -v/ '■ /vy XC ( ■'. i .,.-• :I^' „, wp._i.U,A,Vi~^ '•/■ ^'^, .} ./1 .^,_ /' m f |j L^ ^ of ^-^Vi:; •v?^ oV DYKE REGIONS HE YUKON nOLDFIELDS. 150* 140* SAN FRANCISCO fi IV*. ' r ' Vr^f-*. :'/'•■ / l. ^toawftH ii;iPTj/av'^v ft \ ^ :> h ' r / A \ ,'■■ 'v .1 ' • ^. .. 1^^^ — ^ ,. ,f _ , k. f. 11 ^T A H. ...^ jr s..\»>. ffJ(f^. Ol^iWO i I ' r , x. ,.% n^' r k\. '.. .«?A