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New York 1*609 U5A (7T6) ♦aZ - 0300 - P^..ne (716) 286- 5989 -Fa« ICANAD A DEPARtMENT OF MINE S ^KteC»X)GlG2rSlRVEY •T' y -*';ib-' ,-nl Snm The Oeyonian of Southw< Ontario w dfailOQ R. Stauite ^/ ' : - I- 'A ^ti!:: CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES How. Loun CoDBiu. Mwinu; R. C. McConnbix. Dirvrv Mimiitu. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY i;j^;>{')l;fl No 63, Gbolooical Sbubi The Devonian of Southwestern Ontario CUaton R. Stauffer OTTAWA GOTBRNMENT PkINTING BuUAU 1915 No. 124* 00NTBNT8. PUVACI. CHAPTER II. Dtuib o( ttratiiraphy . G«aer»l •Utcmcm . CHAPTER I. DiMributiga end divWoM ol the 0nu< • Devonian ... . i Esunt of DtvonUn rock* in Onurio. . i DiMUMioM of formaiioMl dlvition*. .... .... 5 Wdtend County MCtkMw .T F"^' •• ::::.;:;:;::;:::::;::;■■■ ; Ridto'-MHint '" 17 WIndmiU point „ Slwrlcs " Port Colborne Haldinuad County Mctioos PortMaitland Byiif Sdldrli Chcnpiide Haggeny fall* Fidiwville .1 OoCewville H.-Bwtville '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."".'.'.".'" Springvale Norfolic County NCtiona VUlanova Roclcford Port Dover Port Rowan Lynedoch Elgin County Mctions , Port Burwell Port Sunley J^ Oxford County lectiona Tillaonburg. Wood«oclt Perth County section St. Mary* 2S 27 37 37 39 42 47 5S M 67 77 95 9S 97 iOI lOS 106 107 107 109 109 109 113 113 u PAGE Huron County sections 120 Cranbroolc 120 Fordwich 123 Gorrie 124 Benmiller 128 Goderich 132 Port Albert 135 Wingham 138 Bnice County sections 141 Belmore 141 Formosa 143 Cargill 149 Port Elgin 152 Middlesex County sections 155 London 155 Strathroy 156 Marsh's mill 156 Latribton County sections 163 Arkona 163 Thedford 173 Smith Falls 189 Petrolia and Oil Springs 190 Sarnia 192 Comma 193 Courtright 194 Port Lambton 194 Kent County sections 196 Wallaceburg 196 Chatham 197 Ridgetown 199 Essex County sections 200 Amherstburg 201 Pelee island 206 Middle island 211 Summary and conclusion 213 CHAPTER III. Faunal ciscussion 216 General statement 216 Oriskany fauna 218 Onondaga fauna 219 Delaware fauna 225 Hamilton fauna 225 Check list of Devonian faunas 228 Ill PAGE CHAPTER IV. Economic products of the Ontario Devonian 252 Petroleum 252 ^"» 256 Building stone 256 Crushed limestone 257 LSn* 257 Cement 257 Brick and tile 257 Sand 258 Other products 258 CHAPTER V. Bibliography 259 CHAPTER VI. The Detroit River series 271 General statement 271 Beachville sections 274 Formosa sections 275 Kincardine section 276 McRae Point section 277 Amherstburg sections 279 Discussion of faunal relations * 285 '"«»* '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 329 ILLUSTRATIONS. Geological map (116 A), Southwestern Ontario in pocket Plate I . The north wall of the Canadian Portland Cement Com- pany's quarry at Port Colborne. The quarry is en- tirely in the Onondaga limestone 289 ' n. Outcrop of the Onondaga limestone at Haggerty falls 291 III. The top of the Oriskany sandstone in the quarry on the Jacob McClung farm, at the north end of lot 46, concession I, north of the Talbot road, North Cayuga township. The illustration shows the basal conglomerate of the Onondaga limestone adhering to the Oriskany 293 IV. The north wall of the quarry in the Oriskany sand- stone at the Oneida Lime and Sand Company's plant, northwest of DeCewville 295 V. The massive Oriskany sandstone overi>'ing the Silurian dolomites unconformably just west of the Oneida Lime and Sand Company's quarry 297 in iv Pltte VI. • VII. VIII. • IX. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. • XVIII. XIX. XX. PAOB The cherty Onondaga limeatone io J. C. Ingle's quarry atHagoiviUe 299 The Midden change in dip of the Onondaga limeetone at the caat end of the Hone Shoe quairy at St. Marys 301 The south wall of the Horse Shoe quarry at St. Marys. Shows the probable contact between the Onondaga limestone and the overlying Delaware limestone . . . 303 South wall of the Thames quarry at St. Marys. Shows the probable contact between the Onondaga and the Ddaware limestone 305 The massive lower part of the Onondaga limestone along the Maitland river at Goderich. The uneven Detroit River-Onondaga contact is indicated 307 An outcrop of the Alpena limestone (middle Hamilton) at Bnider's lime-ldln near Formosa 309 The unconformity between the Silurian (Detrmt River beds) and the Alpena limestone at Bruder's limekiln 31 1 A weathered bank of the Hamilton beds along the AuaaUe river at Marsh's (Marshall's) mill 313 Rock Glen at Arkona. This view shows essentially the full thickness of the Widder beds 315 The shale and top limestone of the Widder beds in Rock Glen at Arkona 317 The Huron shale at Kettle point on Lake Huron 319 A. The Huron shale at Kettle point showing one of the large spheroidal concretions embedded in the shale and the arching up of the layers due to the crowding of the concretion while growing 321 B. The top of the Ipperwaah limestone in the small anticline between Kettle point and I pperwash beach 32 1 General view of the Onondaga limestone in the quarry at Amherstburg. The uneven stuface in the fore- ground is the top of ihe Anderdon beds 323 The Onondaga limestone in Capt. Jack McCormick's quarry on the north shore of Pelee island 325 Massive Onondaga limestone in William McCormick's quarry near the west dock, Pelee island 327 PREFACE. While identifying the fossils in connexion with the pre- paration of this report, quite a number of specimens were sub- mitted to Dr. Stuart Weller of the University of Chicago, and one or two others to Dr. R. S. Bassier of the Smithsonian In- stitution, for confirmation of identification. To both of these gentlemen the Geological Survey is, therefore, indebted for their kindness. The Devonian of Southwestern Ontario. CHAPTER I. DISTRIBimON AND DIVISIONS OF THE ONTARIO DEVONIAN. EXTENT OF DEVONIAN ROCKS IN ONTARIO. Rocks of Devonian age cover considerable portions of two rather widely separated areas in Ontario. The larger and more northerly of these lies in the vicinity of James bay. Thus far no thorough study of the Devonian formations in that northern region has been made, but the various geologists who have made exploration trips for economic purposes have brought back with them small collections of Devonian fossils. Although Dr. Robert Bell and others have recorded such forms, it is chiefly to Dr. W. A. Parks that we are indebted for our knowledge of the Devonian fauna' of that region. A small but more recent collec- tioa was made by Prof. M. B. Baker during the summer of 1910.» It is quite evident that our knowledge of the stratigraphy of northern Ontario is still very fragmentary; but the limited avail- able information is sufficient to demonstrate the presence of the Onondaga fauna with an indication that a portion of the Hamilton occurs above it. The other area covered by Devonian rocks lies in south- western Ontario. Of this Sir William Logan says "the region occupied by the Corniferous formation (Onondaga limestone) in western Ontario may be defined as the whole of that portion of the province (of Ontario) lying to the south and west of a curved line running from the outlet of Lake Eri% and passing through Stratford, to a point on Lake Huron near the mouth of the Saugeen river. The shales of the Hamilton formation, an;' » Parks, W. A.; Kept. Ont. Bur. Mines, 1904, pt. 1, pp. 180-191, pis. 1-8. • Baker, M. B.; Kept. Ont. Bur. Mines, vol. XX, pt. 1, 1911, pp. 227, 228. those of the Portage and Chemung group, cover this limestone over a very small area, but by far the greater part is only over- laid by the superndal clays and sands."* This approximately defines the portion of southwestern Ontario covered by Devor an rocks, for the Oriskany sandstone, the basal £>evonian formation of the province, spreads out beyond the Onondaga (Comiftrous) limestone scarcely as much as a mile, and along a very small fraction of that line. However, there is an outcrop of the Detroit River series extending along the shore of Lake Huron from Bale du Dor6 to some point to the south of Goderich and several very important inliers of the same age which apparently were not recognized in 1863. The Detroit River series has usually been considered to belong in the Silurian, but at the present ilme its correlation is more or less in dispute. The Hamilton formations also cover a much larger area than the above statement would seem to indicate (see the accompanying map). CLASSIFICATION. Some of the names now applied to the Canadian Devonian had been used by Alexander Murray* as early as 1848, but ap- parently thev did not come into general use until after the publi- cation of Logan's Geology of Canada, in which he grouped to- gether these Ontario formations in the following manner.* f Chemung and Portage group. I Hamilton formation. IComiferous formation. [Oriskany formation. These subdivisions were adopted from the New York State classification, but in so doing Logan took over the names rather than the formational units. He considered the Esopus and Scho- harie ,5rits of New York as local phases o^ the Oriskany sandstone which could not be distinguished from the latter in Ontario. Devonian ' Logan, Sir William; Geology of Canada, 1863, p. 787. * Geol. Surv., Can., Rept. Prog, for 1848( 1849), p. 24. Also idem, for 1850-51, p. 29. •Op. dt. pp. 20,932. The Corniferous formation (Onondaga limestone) he eicpanded so as to include not only the Corniferous limestone, as then recognized in New York, but the underlying Onondaga limestone as well. This union of formations, it will be recalled, was made by the geologists of New York state at a somewhat later date, but the compound formation was there termed the Onondaga limestone and the word "Corniferous" disappeared from official geological literature. Since "Corniferous," which refers to the cherty character of the rock, is even less suited to the formation as it appears in Ontario than it was to the same deposit in New York, and since it does not conform to the usual rule in naming a formation, the term has been dropped from the Canadian list of formations also and the name Onondaga limestone substituted ; but care must be taken to distinguish between this term and the old name "Onondaga Salt group" formerly used for the Salina beds of the Silurian. Under the name Hamilton formation Logan included all of the strata found in Ontario between the Corniferous formation (Onondaga limestone) and the black shale of the upper E)evonian. The remaining Devonian beds were united to form the Portage- Chemung group, which was treated as one subdivision and in- cluded the shale usually referred to as the Genesee in the eastern states. The succeeding reports by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt' have adopted approximately the same classification as that introduced by Logan. Nicholson, however, regarded the black shale at Kettle point as probably equivalent in age to the Genesee shale of New York,* while he thought the sandstone of North Cayuga and Oneida townships possibly of Schoharie, or even Corniferous (Onondaga) age.* Dawson and later Brumell adopted essen- tially the Logan classification,* as have most other workers in 238-250. ' Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. Prog, for 1863-1866, pp. Also idem for 1866-1869 (1870), pp. 216-218. • Nicholson, H. A.; Paleontology of the Province of Ontan.,, 1873, p. 10. •Log. cit., pp. 8, 9. • Dawson, Sir J. William; Handbook of Canadian Geology, 1889, p. 175. Also Brumell, H. P. H.; Geol. Surv., Canada, Ann. Rept., vol. V, pt. Q. 1891, p. 5. that field since. The Devonian deposits of Ontario are, however, more complex than this simple statement would lead one to ex- pect. This was, at least in part, recognized by most of the ged- ogista who did the pioneer work. Hunt, for example, refers to "the insignificant representative of the Marcellus shale"' at the base of the Hamilton beds, while Logan* and Nicholson' make very similar statemente. Well drillers at Petrolia and Oil Springs recognize five rather persistent divisions of the Hamilton,* and in the township of Moore the records of deep wells suggest that even the Portage and Chemung* might possibly be separated. A classification, therefore, which gives a measurable amount of information with regard to the deposits indicated, must diverge somewhat from those which have usually appeared. Moreover, such a classification is not easily found, for it means the intro- duction of subdivisional names other than those now extant. The chief purpose of the name of a deposit is its usefulness, and the aim in a grouping of formations is to show their relationships. Hence there can be no real objection to new names, provided those now in existence are not serviceable for a more detailed study. Such are the conditions which have called forth the following modifications to the classification as used by Logan: Upper . . fPort Lambton beds (probably Portage and Chemung). 1 Huron shale (probably Genesee shale). Devonian Middle. Hamilton formation. Delaware limestone. Ipperwash limestone. Petrolia shale. Widder beds. Olentangy shale. Onondaga limestone Onondaga limestone. Springvale sandstone (local fades.) Oriskany sandstone. Lower.. .^Helderbergian (wanting or possibly represented, in part, by the Detroit River series). • Hunt, T. Sterry; Geol. Surv., Canada, Kept. Prog. 1866-1869 (1870), p. 216. • Geology of Canada, 1863, p. 385. ' Palxontology of Ontario, 1874, p. 9 •Brumell, H. P. H.; Geol. Surv., Canada, Ann. Rept., vol. V, pt. 0, 1891, pp. 61, 62, etc. • Brumell, H. P. H.; Loc. cit. p. 67. DISCUSSION OF FORMAT lONAL DIVISIONS. The lowest formations of the system are generally wanting over the Devonian covered area of southwestern Ontario. There is a possibility, however, that certain of the upper Monroe beds, or the Detroit River series, although differing widely from the typical Helderbergian, may represent deposits contemporaneous with the lowest Devonian of the east. This is suggested chiefly by the similarity of much of the Detroit River fauna to the fossil forms found in the Onondaga limestone, but thus far the relation- ship has not been sufficiently demonstrated to warrant placing those beds in the classification of Devonian deposits. These Detroit River beds will receive more detailed attention in a supplemental report following the present one. The Oriskany sandstone, the lowest certain Devonian for- mation in OnUrio, was named by James Hall' in 1839 from Oriskany Falls, Oneida county. New York, where it is typically developed. The Oriskany of Ontario doe^ not differ essentially from the same deposit as it extends eastward into New York state. It is usually a massive, coarse-grained, friable, white to yellowish sandstone in which the individual grains sometimes attain an eighth of an inch in diameter. This sandstone lies unconformably on the Silurian dolomites and the lowest layer is often made up in part of dolomite pebbles embedded in a matrix of sand. It is usually rich in the characteristic, lar^e, coarsely marked fossils, although small forms are also found in some abundance. Occasionally there is a bed of chert at the horizon where one would naturally expect to find the sandstone. This chert is commonly without fossils, but Logan apparently con- sidered it of Oriskany age.* The presence of sand, of probable Oriskany origin, penetrating the joint cracks in the rocks Lelow the chert seems to indicate that the chert itself may be younger than the eariiest Oriskany. The Oriskany sandstone is found in isolated and patchy outcrops from Fort Erie westward to the vicinity of DeCewville and Nelles Comers. These sandstone outcrops often occur as outliers beyond the margin of the main > Geol. Surv. New York, 3rd Ann. Kept., 1839, pp. 308, 309. * Geology of Canada, 1863, p. 360. body of Devonian deposiu. but when this it the cmae they «re never large- The moat important outcropping area of this for- mation coven considerable portions of several square miles lying in North Cayuga and Oneida townships of Haldimand county. There the formation attains a thicknes» which varies between 1 and slightly more than 20 feet, and resU on an old erosion surface which is rather uneven. The Onondaga limestone, which is probably the most im- portant Devonian formation in Ontario, was also named by James Hall' in 1839. The type locality is Onondaga county. New York. In Canada the Onondaga limestone rests unconformably on the beds below and usually contains fragments of those rocks embedded in ito lowest layers. Where the Oriskany sandstone is wanting, as is usually the case, these underlying beds are of Silurian age. Lithologically the Onondaga limestone is a most variable formation as it is traced westward across the province. Near Fort Erie and Port Colborne the lower portion is a com- pact, cherty, grey limestone containing a fauna composed, for the most part, of brachiopods. These beds pass upward into an argillaceous, brownish limestone in which the fossils occur chiefly in semi-crystalline streaks. This portion is gradually succeeded by a highly calcareous, semi-crystalline, grey lime- stone in massive beds which are separated by thin partings of a greenish shale. Corals and large crinoid stems are abundant and often make up a very considerable portion of the rock. Petroleum is not uncommon in the cavities of the fossils and sometimes oozes out of the pores in sufficient quantities to stain the rock face. These beds are overlaid, at places unconformably, by che.-ty, bluish black, compact limestone containing numerous corals, although many other forms are commonly asbociated with them. These beds in turn pass upward into very cherty, grey limestone, with a meagre fauna, constituting the uppermost portion of the Onondaga in the vicinity of Windmill ' oint. As the formation is traced westward the lower and upper portions either thin out entirely or become more like the middle part and are thus inseparable from it. Moreover the different litho- > Geol. Surv. New York, 3rd Ann. Kept., 1839, pp. 309, 310. logical subdivisioM above referred to are not mutually inde- pendent but often grade into each other and carry what may be conudered a common fauna. At Springvalc the bottom layer* of the Onondaga contain such quantities of coarse sand that they resemble very closely the true Oriskany sandstone except that they conuin the Onondaga fauna. The supply of sand for these beds undoubtedly cr ^e from a nearby deposit of the Oriskany which was worked c.cr by the advancing Onondaga st and the resulting material incorporated into the basal layers of the de- posit from that sea. This local fades of the Onondaga lime- stone is here referred to as the Springvale sandstone in order to distinguish it from the older or Oriskany deposit. The Spring, vale sandstone has a thickness of about 8 or 10 feet and is found outcropping along the edge of the Devonian westward from Hagersville for a distance of neariy 6 mile». The thickness of the whole Onondaga cannot be satisfactorily determined from outcrops, except at Goderirh where the thickness is reduced to about 32 feet, for at no other place is the entire formation exposed. Wed records generally give a thickness of about 150 feet, and some even more, of limestone which is usually considered as Onondaga. The name Hamilton beds or group was introduced by Lardner Vanuxem,' in 1840, to designate the beds of shale and sandstone which are typically developed at West Hamilton, Madison county, New York. These beds lie between the Mar- cellus shale and the Tully limestone. As used in Canada and elsewhere, however, this term has been somewhat enlarged so as to include all the rocks between the top of the Onondaga limestone and the base of the black shale, usually thought to be of Genesee age. At the present time it is customary to limit the usage more neariy to its original application. The Hamilton beds, as that term has been used in Ontario, usually succeed the Onondaga limestone with little or no appreciable break. But near Selkirk there are occasional developments of the Marcellus shale which intervene between the Onondaga and the usual basal limestone °^ ^^ Hamilton. This calcareous, brown, shaly mass is off i > Geol. Surv. New York, 4th Ann. Rept.. 1840, p. 380. HiM thin and toon gives piftce to limettone, but it carries such char- acteriatic Marceliua fowiU as SiyHMna fissmr$Ua (Hall) and TtnaeuMes ti^acMistriatus Hall which render its Marcellus age rather certain. In the vicinity of Port Burwell and to the west- ward it lies immediately under the drift and consists of 10 to 30 feet of black shale overlying the Onondaga limestone. In the high drift banks bordering the lake at Port Stanley there occur well preserved fragments of black shale which evidently came from the bed-rock to the north and east. These shale boulders contain an abundance of Marcellus fossils which wem to prove the age of the black shale deposits struck in the gas wells of that vicinity. Usually the shale of this horizon grades into the over- lying limestone or is interbedded with it. In such cases it be- comes impossible to separate the two. In addition to the Marcellus forms included in this brown shale and associated brown to bluish limestone, there are numerous others which are identical with, or near relatives to, certain Onondaga fossil forms of the same locality. It is evident that conditions similar to those which obtained during the deposition of the Onondaga limestone were restored after the first invasion of the Marcellus had subsided, and that many of the Onondaga forms which hai. withstood the intemiption resumed their old habitats w'th few, if any, important anatomical changes. This has often led to an error in the classification of these beds whereby they were confused with the Onondaga, just as it led to the confusion in regard to the same or similar deposits in Ohio. The introduction of new forms, wholly foreign to the Onondaga and identical with those occurring in the Marcellus and Hamilton deposits of other regions, is the important event and the one that should be re- garded as determining the age. The residue of the Onondaga fauna is a diminishing quantity as the later and later Marcellus and eventually the Hamilton beds have been deposited, and thus it is dear that the history of the fauna as a unit had terminated with the change incident to the beginning of the Marcellus. This "bottom limestone" of the Hamilton is thus certainly distinct from the Onondaga and measurably so from the Hamil- ton. It is identical, both lithologically and faunally, with the Delaware limestone of Ohio and may thus be designated by the •wne name. The bett uutcropt occur along the Thame, river •nd m the quarries at St. Mary.. The thtckneu of the Delaware lime.tone in tlie p.x)vince i. difficult to determine, becauw the full amount of it i. nowhere expoMd; and a\u> becauiie in well •ection. it i. often impotaible to «^paratc it from the underiyinK Onondaga lime.tone. It is quite probable that it does not lack much of 50 feet, while at Pctrolia and vicinity the interpretation of well record, has assigned 70 feet more to it. Above the Delawrre limestone lies a soft, blue shale with occasional thin lenses of limestone interbeddcd. This marks the true beginning of the Hamilton beds. Much of this shale IS almost destitute of fossils, but the lenses of limestone are often crowded with various remains of animal life. This is the "lower soapstone" of well drillers. In Ohio it is encountered in the deep wells south and east of Sandusky and forms a few meagre outcrops in that vicinity. In central Ohio it often outcrops along the Olentangy river and hence is known as the Olentangy shale. The most extensive outcrops of this member of the Hamil- ton are m the vicinity of Arkona and Marsh's mill along the Ausabic river and its tributaries, although it also outcrops in the old brick-yard at Thedford. The total outcrop of this portion at the mill measures 27 feet, -Ithough still lower beds are shown up stream from that point. At Samia well records indicate between 60 and 70 feet belonging to the Olentangy shale, al- though It IS quite possible that some of this belongs in the suc- ceeding subdivision which also includes much shale. Above the Olentangy shale comes a de-osit of bluish lime- stones alternating with grey shales. The ! . estone varies from semi-crystalline to argillaceous layers *hich are little more than consolidated calcareous mud beds. The shale, which forms rather more than half of the subdivision, often contains small flattened concretions and is slightly more indurated than the shale of the division below. Fosjls are more or less abundant throughout and in some layers are fairly crowded together. This IS the division which has furnished the major part of the excellent Ontario Hamilton fossils so widely known. Some layers contain faunules differing slightly from those contained m other beds of the division, but there are enough common 10 species to bind the whole into a unit distinctly set off from the beds below. Some of these faunal zones have received dis- tinct names, such as the Encrinal limestone,' which forms the basal layer of this division the Coral zone, etc. These beds will receive more attention in connexion with the sections in which they are exposed. The best outcrops of this portion of the Hamilton are to be found at Rock Glen Qones' mill) and in the glen at No. 4 hill (Austin's mill). It is better known, however, from the Grand Trunk Railway cutting at the overhead bridge 1 mile east of Thedford and U miles north of the old village of Widder. It forms more or less of a ridge from Widder northward for nearly a mile beyond the railway and in this distance it is several times exposed, while its limestones are sometimes quarried for local use. It seems proper, therefore, to refer to this member as the Widder beds. The upper portion of the Widder beds consists of 8 to 10 feet of limestone which is doubtless the "middle limestone" of well drillers to the south and west. The total thickness of this division of the Hamilton is about 50 feet. In the northern portion of the southwestern Devonian covered area, in the vicinity of Wingham and Formosa, there is a remarkable deposit of massive, grey limestone which is made up largely of stromatoporoids. This mass has usually been identified with the Onondaga limestone, but recent detailed study has shown it to be the equivalent of the middle Hamilton limestone at Alpena, Michigan. The association of species which lived in and about a stromatoporoid reef was doubtless not identi- cal with that which lived in other parts of the sea at the same time, and this was the case in the reefs of the Alpena limestone. No other such fauna is known in Ontario, although, of course, many of the same species are found elsewhere in the province, for it is distinctly an assemblage of Hamilton forms. But it is thus impossible to determine definitely whether the stromatoporoid reefs at Formosa and vicinity are the exact equivalent of any part of the Widder beds or not, although the horizon which it occupies in Michigan is suggestive of such an interpretation. •Shimer, H. W., and A. W. Grabau; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. XIII, 1902, p. ISO. 11 Above the Widder beds lies a very considerable thickness of soft blue shale which well drillers refer to as the "upper soap- stone." This shale is not well exposed anywhere within the province. Very poor outcrops of a soft blue shale, which is pro- bably it, may be seen in the shallow waters of Lake Huron at Stony point and along the Sydenham river some distance above Shetland. In the wells at Petrolia it ranges in thickness from 100 to 130 feet, while at Sarnia even greater thicknesses of it are recorded.' This deposit may be called the Petrolia shale, since at that place it has been penetrated by hundreds of wells and its thickness and physical characters pretty definitely determined. The top division of the Hamilton is a grey limestone with a small amount of bluish shale. Its upper part may be seen outcropping along the shore of Lake Huron between Kettle point and Ipperwash beach. A better outcrop of somewhat lower beds is to be found at Stony point to the east of the beach, and again at Smith falls on the Sydenham river. The out- crops of this member are not very satisfactory at any point, but since those on either side of Ipperwash beach are the better and more extensive, it may be called the Ipperwash limestone. Great masses of this rock have been brought up from the bottom of Lake Huron and now lie along the water's edge at Blue point north of Camlachie. The oil wells at Petrolia show a thickness of about 40 feet for this division. The total thickness of the Hamilton formations in Ontario is thus between 280 and 550 feet, but, as shown by certain well records, it sometines exceeds that amount. Overlying the Hamilton beds there is a black shale which has been variously classed as Genesee and Portage-Chemung. In Michigan this shale and the associated deposits above it are united under the name Antrim shale,' but it appears that name also includes beds of somewhat later age. The best outcrop of this shale is to be found at Kettle point on Lake Huron where ' Brumell, H. P. H.; Kept. Geol. Surv., Canada, vol. V, pt. Q, 1892. pp. 61-69. « Lane, Alfred C; Jour. Geol., vol. XVIII, 1910, p. 417. 12 only about 12 to 18 feet are exposed. It is there seen to be a rather thin-bedded, black shale containing large spheroidal concretions similar to those found in the black shales along the Huron, Olentangy, and Scioto rivers in Ohio. Fragmentary fish remains and certain fossil plants occur rather abundantly in it. Lingula ligea Hall and Lingula spatulata Vanuxem are also somewhat common as are various Conodonts. These furnish the chief reasons for considering the lower portion of this shale Genesee' in age, although, of course, its stratigraphic position suggests the same thing. The total thickness of these upper Devonian beds of Ontario exceeds 200 feet ; but it is scarcely prob- able that more than 50 to 100 feet belong to the horizon of the Genesee shale. Since the Genesee age of this deposit is not established, it has seemed better to follow Dr. Kindle's sugges- tion and call t,-:t; black shale immediately succeeding the Hamilton in Ontario the Huron shale.' "Overlying the black fissile slate, we find, '♦ Kettle point, alternations of a peculiar, somewhat arenace^ green and black shale which were recognized by him (James Hall) as the lower beds of the Portage group. In the same way at Kingstone's Mills, the upper beds, which are compact, thick- bedded, scarcely slaty, and dark olive or greenish-black in color, are by Prof. Hall referred to the Portage group, of which they were found by him to contain the characteristic fish-remains."' The wells in Moore township show the presence of these greenish shales associated with greenish sandstones in the uppermost Dt V onian. These beds lie under 120 feet of drift so that nothing very definite can be said regarding them; but it seems that they also belong in the horizon of the Portage and Chemung of the eastern states. These green shales with the associated green sandstones are suggestive of the Chagrin formation* of northern ' See also Hunt, T. Sterry, Geol. Surv., Car ., Kept. Prog. 1863-1866. p. 242. ^ ,„,^ 'Kindle, Edward M., Summary Rept. for 1912, Geol. Surv., Can., 1914, pp. 287-288. » Hunt, T. Sterry; Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. Prog. 1863-1866, p. 242. ♦Prosser, Charles S.; Geol. Surv. Ohio, 4th ser. BuU. No. 15, 1912, 'o. 182, 183, 510, 511. 13 Ohio, in which a Chemung fauna occurs. Since these beds are distinctly different from the highly bituminous black shale which underlies them, they are here named the Port Lambton beds, from their occurrence in the wells at that place. 14 CHAPTER II. DETAILS OF STRATIGRAPHY. GENERAL STATEMENT. Beginning at Niagara river, the first outcrop of Devonian deposits in Ontario is located just above the ferry landing at Fort Erie, that is, at the steel tower supporting the electric power transmission lines where they cross the river. From that place south and westward along the north shore of Lake Erie, rocks of Devonian age outcrop at frequent intervals for a dis- tance of nearly SO miles. The majority of the points of land projecting into the lake are protected against wave action by outcrops of Onondaga limestone, and even where the bt ., i is sandy, rock is usually only a short distance below. The sand dunes south of Sherks a*- ^aped up on a bed of solid rock and the same is repea*^ ^.gain and again to the westward. The landward border of the Devonian deposits is back 1 to 4 miles from the lake until the Grand river is reached and from thence we&twara the distance gradually increases. The Devonian deposits represented near Niagara river are the Onondaga limestone with meagre remnants of the Oriskany sandstone. Where this latter formation is not represented, portions of its arenaceous material are incorporated into the basal layers of the next younger deposit and may be of sufficient quantity to produce a sandstone. The Devonian rests uncon- formably on beds ranging in age from Salina (Bertie waterlime) to Cobleskill and, towards the north and west, perhaps even on younger beds. Some of these lower rocks also outcrop at Fort Erie and at various places to the west. They often show the effects of the period of weathering and erosion which intervened between the deposition of these and the oldest Devonian of the region. The drift is thin over the Devonian covered au-ea, so thin in fact that the rock is frequently uncovered in making 15 roads, or even in cultivating the fields. Scores of quarries have been opened in it and others might be located at many places. Of the Hamilton shales showing along the shore to the south of Buffalo none occur on the Canadian side until the vicinity of Selkirk is reached where slight indications of the MarceMus shale first appear. It is evident that these soft shales have suffered much more from glacial and other erosion than have the more resistant limestones and that the basin of Lake Erie owes Its existence largely to this fact. WELLAND COUNTY SECTIONS. FORT ERIE. The outcrop of Onondaga limestone at Fort Erie consists of about 6 feet of the rough, dark bluish black, cherty layers with a rather limited fauna. Bryozoa and corals are most numerous, although a few brachiopods were also found. A small amount of sand occurs in the upper part of the Silurian rocks at Victoria, a short distance to the northwest of Fort Erie; but the first probable remnant of Oriskany sandstone occurs along Frenchmans creek, somewhat less than 3 miles to the west of Niagara river, on land owned by a Mr. Spears. This remnant consists of 3i feet of unfossiliferous, coarse, white sandstone, the basal part of which contains angular fragments of the Cobleskill dolomite on r.'hich it rests unconformably. The Oriskany sandstone is not known to cover more than a very small ai -a here, nor does it appear that other remnants of any considerable size occur in the same vicinity. On lot 6, concession V, township of Bertie, there is an out- crop of 5 feet of the cherty basal layers of the Onondaga. Mr. George Woehl, who owns the lot, had recently quarried out a small amount of rock here and coUectirg was then (1910) fairiy good. The following species were obtained here. 16 Anthoxoa ZaphreittU tp. Bryozoa Cystodictya gilbert! (Meek). Polypora mutabilis (Hall). Brachiopoda Anoplia nucteata Hall. Anoplotheca Camilla (Hall). Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Centronella glansfagea Hall. Chonetes acutiradiatus Hall. ChodCtes hemisphericus Hall. Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Eunella lincklaeni Hall. Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). Merisi. Jta clusia (?) (Billings). Meristella doris Hall. Metaplasia disparilis (Hall). Nucleospira concinna Hall. Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Schellwienella pandora (Billings). Spirifer duodenarius (Hall). Spirifer macrus Hall. Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad). Stropheodonta inequistriata (Conrad). Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad). Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad). Cypricardinia indenta Conrad. Gastropoda Diaphorostoraa lineatum (Conrad). Igoceras conicum (Hall). Platyceras carinatum Hall. Platyceras dentalium Hall. Pteropoda Tentaculites scalariformis Hall. Trilobita Hausmania phacoptyx Hall and Clarke. Phacops crista ta Hall. Proetus rowi (Green). 17 The fauna of the above outcrop, as will be observed on comparing it with those obtained at Windmill point, Port Col- borne, Selkirk, Hagersville, etc., is remarkable for the abundance of brachiopods and the scarcity of corals. This is still more strikingly illustrated by the collection obtained from the Bertie Township quarry where the same horizon is again exposed. RIDGEMOUNT. About a half mile to the south of the hotel at Ridgemount is the Bertie Township quarry, on lot 7, concession VIII. At this place the basal layers of the Devonian are exposed and a considerable excavation into the Silurian has been made. The following section may be seen near the highway. I Section of the Bertie Tovmship Quarry at Ridgemount. 5. Soil and drift . Feet . Onondaga limestone 4. A very cherty, fairly compact, grey lime- stone in rather thin, even beds, This rock contains an abundant Onondaga fauna which is remarkable for the few corals it carries 7 3. A thin layer of grey shale overlying the irregular surface of the Silurian dolomites Cobleskill dolomite 2. Thin, even bedded, mottled grey to drab dolomite. It contains a few fossils such as Leperditia alta, Schuchertella hydraulica ( ?), etc. For some distance below the Silurian-Devonian contact, the cracks and crevices often contain much coarse sand ; but the Oriskany sandstone itself is want- ing 7 Inches 6 10 2 18 Feet Inchet Salina beds (Bertie waterUme) ? 1 . A drab to dark bluish, compact dolomite con- taining a few fossils similar to those in the beds just above. Fragments of this rock emit somewhat of a clinking xound when struck together 2 6 The following is a list of the species of fossils found in the Devonian part of this section. Anthozoa Cladopora cryptodens (Billings). Zaphrentis sp. Bryozoa Cystodictya gilberti (Meek). Monotrypa tenuis (Hall). Polypora celsipora (Halt). Polypora granilinea (Hall). Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem). Anoplia nucleata Hall. Anoplotheca Camilla (Hall). Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Camarotoechia Carolina Hall. Camarotoechia tethys (Billings). Centronella glansfagea Hall. Chonetes hemisphericus Hall. Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Chonostrophia reversa (Whitfield). Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall. Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). Meristella nasuta (Conrad). Metaplasia disparilis (Hall). Nudeospira concinna Hall. Orbiculoidea sp. Pholidops patina Hall and Clarke. Pholidostrophia iowaensis (Owen). Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad). Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Schellwientlla pandora (Billings). Spirifer divaricatus Hall. Spirifer duodenarius (Hall). 19 Spirifer imcrothyria Hall. Spirifer manni Hall. Spirifer macnis Hall. Stropheodonta calloaa Hall. Stropheodonta concava Hall. Stropheodonta demiiaa (Conrad). Stropheodor.u hemispherica Hall. Stropheodonta inequiatriata (Conrad). Stropheodonu parva ( ?) Hall. Stropheodonta patenoni Hall. Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad). Strophonella ampla Hall. Petecypoda Aviculopecten sp. Conocardium cuneut (Conrad). Cypricardtnia indenta Conrad. Megambonia cardiiformis Hall. Gastropoda Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad). Igoceras conicum (Hall). Platyceras carinatum Hall. Platyceras concavum Hall. Platyceras dentalium Hall. Platyceras dumosum Conrad. Pt'ty^ras erectum Hall. Platyceras rictum Hall. Pteropoda Tentaculites scalariformis Hall. Trilobita Chasmops anchiops (Green). Hausmania phacoptyx Hall and Clarke. Odontocephalus selenurus (Eaton). Phacops cristata Hall. Proetus rowi (Green). As has been observed this fauna is markedly different from that of the usual outcrops of the Onondaga limestone in On- tario. A few of its forms have not been found, while others are rare, at higher horizons. Among those especially characteristic of the lowest portion of the formation are: Amphigenia elongata, Anoplia nucleata, Anoplolheca Camilla, Centronella glansfagea, 20 CkoneUs hemispkericus, Cypricardinia indenta, Platyceras denta' Hum, and many others, some of which are common at higher horizons also. It is distinctly the fauna of the lower 15 or 20 feet of the Onondaga limestone. Although often admitting other forms not found at the Bertie Township quarry and losing others, it retains its identity as far north as Pinkerton, Bruce county, at which place the eastern margin of the Devonian is lost under a heavy coating of drift, only to reappear with the same fauna on the shore of Lake Huron south of Port Elgin. At the Bertie Township quarry bed-rock is practically at the surface and lies weathering out over portions of the adjoining fields. The quarry is located 'ust back from the edge of a ridge or difl which is part Silurian and part Devonian rock. The angling road to the southwestward follows this cliff nearly to Ridgeway and the Onondaga is often at the surface either in the roadway or in the fields slightly back from it. At a few places there are remnants of the Oriskany sandstone, although no fossils were found in it. On lots 5 and 6 of concession IX, in the township of Bertie, the sandstone is 8 inches to a foot in thickness and consists of the same coarse material as is usually to be found in the Oriskany. Sometimes a foot or more of the underlying rock is involved in a more or less mixed up mass of sandstone and dolomite. This latter is either brecciated or is cracked and the spaces thus formed filled with sand. Usually, however, the Onondaga rests directly on the Silurian as at the Bertie Township quarry. About IJ miles to the south of Ridgemount, on lot 4, con- cession VIII, is the location of the Baxter quarry and limekiln. No lime has been produced there for a number of years and the place is more or less in ruins; but there are two important quarry pits where good sections may be seen. One is in the high grade limestone which was used in burning for lime and the other, which is somewhat separated, is in the dark, cherty portion. The following is a combined section of the rocks exposed there, all of which are Onondaga limestone. 21 Section oftht Baxter Quarry 1| Mihs to the South of Ridtemount. _ Feet Inchet 3. Dark bluish Uack, rough, cherty limestone 8 6 2. Covered interval 2 1. Semi-crystalline, massive, grey limestone con- taining an abundance o' 'x>rals and large crinoid stems g The following very small collection of fossils was made at the Baxter quarry. AB'bitoa Alveolites squamoaui Billings Amplexus yandelli Milne- Edwards and Huimc. . . Cladopora cryptodens (Billingx) Cladopora labiosa (Billings) Cladopora pulchra Rominger Cystiphylluni vesiculoium Goldfuss Favosites basalticua Goldfuss Favositea canadensis Billings Favosites cervicornis Milne-Edwards and Haime. Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favosites hemisphericus (Troost) Favo»=»«!s turbinatus Billings Helio|ihyllum extguum Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings) Syringopora pcrelegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Vermipora fasciculata ( ?) Rominger Brachiopoda Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) Hofison 1 3 X X X X X X X X X s X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Several wells have been bored, with a diamond drill, in the bottom of this quarry, and the cores may be found lying around the buildings near the kiln; but a satisfactory record was not obtainable. Apparently the Oriskany sandstone is either want- n ing or very poorly developed, m no evidence of it wm found in the core*. WINDMILL POINT. Formerly the Onondaga limestone waa quarried on a rather large scale near thia place and there are a number of old abandoned pita in that vicinity. Moat of them are now nearly filled with water and much of the section is thus rendered inaccessible. Perhaps the best section of rock is to be found in the Buel quarries located on lot 12, Bertie township, a short distance to the north- east of the Grand 1 runic Railway station. At that place the following section may be seen. Section of the Buel Quarries, WindmUl Point. Feet Inches 6. Soil and drift 2 Onondaga limestone. S. TWn-bedded and nuwsive, compact, cherty, grey to drab limestone in which fossils are gener- ally rare 26 4. Covered interval between the south and the north quarry pits 1 3. A very compact, grey to drab iiiucst^n with a great quantity of grey to white chert mixed through the limestone 4 4 2. Very rough, hard, blue to black limestone con- taining much black chert. The roughness of the weathered surface is greatly increased by the presence of the chert. The uneven bed- ding planes are usually more or less shaly and in this material Bryozoa are often abundant . 8 6 1. Massive, semicrystalline, crinoidal, grey, lime- stone to the level of the water in the bottom of the south quarry pit 8 4 23 The north pit of the Buel quarry has wnnetimes been called the "flint quarry" bccauw of the abundance of that material in the rock. It "'• in strikinK contrast to the limestone of the •outh pit Iwth because of the litholoKical peculiaritien and the rarity of fouiU. .long the joint cracks the calcaireous material has weathered out and the rough vesicular chert, which prob- ably makes up more than half of the r«Kk. is lif*. The dip of these rocks averages nearly 15 degrees to the northeast and this accounts for the relatively large section exposed. The following species were collected from the rocks in the Buel quarries. Horizon* Anthozoa Aulopora cornuta Billing! Aulopora tubaeformii ( ?) GoldfuM Ctadopora cryptodeni (Billingt) Cladopora expatiata Rominger Ctadopora imbricata Rominger Cladopora labioia Billings Cladopora pulchra Rominger Cladopora rimota Rominger Cyathophyllum coalitum Rominger Cyatiphyllum vesiculosum GoldfuM Diphyphyllum Mrictum Milne-Edward* and Haint Diphyphyllum arundinaceum (Billing!>) Fa\c>Bitfs ba.'nlticus Goldfuss Favosites canadensis Billings Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favosites hemisphericus Milne-Edwards and Haime Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Hainic ; Ptychophyllum knappi Hall Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings) Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Hydrozoa Syringotroma densa (?) Nicholson. I « I X « I X I X : ! X I X < X X X X I X i « I X X I 24 Bryozoa Cystodictya gilbert! (Meek). Fenestella sp I:K>trypa conjunctiva (Hall) . Polypora celsipora (Hall) . . Polypora robusta (Hall) .... Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem) Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia tethys (Billings) Chonetes hemisphericus Hall Chonetes mucronatus Hall Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Orthis ( ?) eryna Hall Pentamerella arata (Conrad) Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad) Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Schellwienella pandora (Billings) Spirifer duodenarius (Hall) Spirifer macrus ( ?) Hall Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall Stropheodonta inequiradiata Hall Stropheodonta inequistriata (Conrad) . Gastropoda Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad) — Horizon* Along the Lake Erie shore near by there is a low outcrop of Onondaga limestone. To the south of Ridgeway this consists of the usual cherty, black limestone with a great many fossil corals. Over this outcrop, at a short distance back from the water's edge, is usually a coating of wind-blown sand which is sometimes heaped into dunes. :i 25 SHERKS. Near the lake, to the south of Sherks, Humberstone town- ship, the FniDire Limestone company has a large quarry in the OnonH;.^a ■.-icstone. The following section includes the rocks of thi^ immediate vicii i y as well as those of the quarry. SectioA 3 "/ i'e Rncks Jjcposed at the Empire Limestone Company's Quarry. Feet 3. 2. 1. Inches 5. Wind-blown sand Onondaga limestone 4. Compact, bluish drab, limestone filled with grey chert, and containing very few fossils . . 3 6 Somewhat crystalline, dark blue limestone con- taining much black chert and quite fossili- ferous g ^ Massive, semi-crystalline, grey limestone con- taining much grey to bluish chert which usu- ally runs in streaks. Corals and crinoid seg- ments are rather abundant in these layers ... 18 6 Massive, semi-crystalline, grey limestone show- ing partings of a greenish shale. Large com- pound corals are often abundant and the cavities of these are sometimes filled with petroleum. These beds extended to the lowest part of the quarry in 1910 10 Although the rock here is very fossiliferous, the freshly quarried material was not found adapted to collecting and only the following small list of species was obtained. 26 Anthozoa Cladopora labiosa (Billings) Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Diphyphyllum sp Favosites basalticus Goldfuss • ■• • Favosites cervicornis Milne- Edwards and Haime. Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favosites hemisphericus (Troost) Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Syringopora hisingeri Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Horizons 1 2 3 Hydrozoa Syringoetroma densa Nicholson Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia sp Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens) Pentamerella arata (Conrad) Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad) — Spirifer due' narius (Hall) Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall. . X X X X X The upper or cherty drab layers of this section form a low, partly covered, cliff-like outcrop a short distance to the east of the Empire quarry and from thence strike diagonally south- westward to the lake. The presence of the chert gives this rock a mottled appearance so that on first sight it resembles the Coble- skill dolomite. A closer examination soon dispels the allusion. Along the lake shore the dark bluish to black, cherty limestone is the surface rock, although it shows little more than a foot or two and that is chiefly covered by drifting sand. 27 PORT COLBORNE. In the construction of the Welland canal, at the Lake Erie end of which Port Colborne stands, it was necessary to make an extensive cut through the Devonian and Silurian rocks, and great quantities of this material were then removed. The drift covering often does not exceed a few inches over much of the surrounding region and the fossils, many of which are silicified, have weathered out of the Onondaga limestone in great numbers. During the stripping, preparatory to quarrying out the rock for the canal, many of these were recovered and have found their way into the museums over a considerable part of the continent. One of the most noted localities was Herbert S. Ramey's farm (lot 27, concession II, township of HumLerstone). There is no section exposed at that place, but over the fields and along the canal much weathered out material may be found. The follow- ing is a list of the species obtained. List of Fossils from Ramey's Farm, Port Colborne. Anthozoa W, of h- a le- >n. ne or Cladopora cryptodens (Billings). Cladopora labiosa (Billings). Cyathophyllum zenkeri Billings, tystiphyllum sulcatum Billings, ■ystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss. i-'avosites basalticus Goldfuss. Favosites emmonsi Rominger. Favosites hemisphericus (Troost). Favosites turbinatus Billings. Heliophyllun corniculum (Lesueur). Heliophyllum exiguum Billings. Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny). PhUlipsastrea billingsi Calvin. Striatopora cavernosa Rominger. S>'naptophyllum simcoense (Billings), ngopora maclurei Billings. Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur. Zaphrentis prolifica Billings. 28 Bryotoa Cystodictya gilbertt (Meek). Fenestella sp. Brachiopoda Amphigcnia elong&ta (Vanuxem). Atryp I reticularis (Linnaeus). Centronella glansfagea Hall. Chonetea hemisphericus Hall. Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). Meristella nasuta (Conrad). Pentamerella arata (Conrad). Pholidostrophia iowaensis (Owen). Spirifer duodenarius (Hall). Stropheodnnta demissa (Conrad). Stropheodonta inequiradiata Hall. Stropheodonta perplana (Ccnrad). Strophonella ampla Hall. Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad). Gastropoda Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad). Pteropoda Coleolus sp. Trilobita Hausmania phacoptyx Hall and Clarke Phacops cristata Hall. Proetus rowi (Green). The Hogan quarry, which is located within the limits of Port Colborne at the crossing of the Niagara, St. Catharines, and Toronto Electric railway and the Grand Trunk switch, furnishes an important exjy.^te of the Onondaga limestone. 29 This quarry, now under the control of the Canadian Portland Cement company, has been worked but little and not at all in the last few years. But when last worked a considerable surface was stripped of drift and a deep hole quarried out so that the character of the rock is well shown. Section of the Hogan Quarry, P rt Colhome. Teet Inches 6. Sou and drift or lake deposit i q Onondaga limestone 5. Hard, bluish limestone with rough, black chert which stands out in relief on the weathered surfaces i ^ 4. Dark, bluish, cherty limestone with an abun- dance of siliciiied compound corals studding the surface of the upper layer l 6 3. Blue limestone with very little chert. The lower half is filled with corals, chiefly of the branching type 3 q 2. Blue limestone with some black cnert and often with shalv bedding planes. Sometin^es the bedding planes are rough and uneven , chiefly because of the presence of large compound corals. Crinoid stems of large size are also conspicuous, but identifiable specimens were not found. These beds are shown chiefly in the water hole 5 \q 1. Rather compact blue limestone with little or no chert and fossils less abundant. This por- tion extends to the level of the water in the lowest portion of the quarry 5 The following is a list of the fossil species obtained in the limestone at the Hogan quarry. 30 Ho. .zona and Anthozoa Alveolites confertus Nicholson Alveolites distans Nicholson Aulopora cornuta Billings Bothrophyllum decorticatum Billings. . . Cladopora criptodens (Billings) Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Favosites basalticus Goldfuss Favosites canadensis (Billings) Favosites cervicornis Milne-Edwards Haime Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favosites epidermatus Rominger Favosites limitaris Rominger Favosites radiciformis Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum corniculum (Lesueur) Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Michelinia convexa d'Orbigny Michelinia favositoides Billings Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings) Syringopora hisingeri Billings Syringopora nobilis Billings Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Hydrozoa Clathrodictyon cellulosum Nicholson and Murie. Stromatoporrlla granulata Nicholson Stroma top '>rella (?) tuberculata Nicholson Syringostroma nodulata Nicholson X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bryozoa Fenestella parallela Hall . . . Fistulipora subcava (Hall) . Unitrypa pernodosa (Hall) . 31 Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia tethys (Billings) Centronella glan::fagea Hall Chonetes mucronatus Hall Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall Delthyris ruricosta Conrad Eunella linckleani Hall Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Metaplasia disparilis (Hall) Pentamerella arata (Conrad) Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Schellwienella pandora (Billings) Spirifer duodenarius (Hall) Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) Stropheodonta hemisphcrica Hall Stropheodonta inequistriata (Conrad) . Strophonella ampla Hall Horizons 1 i 2 I x Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad) . Gastropoda Diaphorostoma Itncatum (Conrad) . Diaphorostoma turbinatum (Hall). Platyceras carinatum Hall Platyceras erectum (Hall) Platycpras thetis Hall X X X X X X X X X X X X X Trilobita Phacops rana (Green) . Proetus rowi (Green) . . About one mile to the west of Port Colborne, along the Grand Trunk railway, the Canadian Portland Cement company has an active plant and a quarry in the Onondaga limestone. The pit is opened on a low anticlinal fold with axis running a little to the north of east. In the quarry proper the beds dip 32 a little more sharply to the north-northweat bringing in the higher beds in that portion of the pit. The greater part of the rock i» of the high grade limestone; but other beds are also ex- posed, as shown by the following section. Section of the Canadian Portland Cement Company's Quarry at Port Colbome. Feet Inches 6. Soil and drift 3 Onondaga limestone. 5. Dark bluish limestone containing much black chert. These beds weather rough and un- even, and are sometimes separated from the underlying beds by several inches of shale . 4 6 4. Somewhat massive, semi-crystalline, blue lime- stone with a small amount of chert and corals rather abundant 3 6 3 . An impure, blue limestone with little or no chert and a great many corals scattered through it. Bedding planes rough and irregular, often shaly, and containing much carbonaceous matter • 2 8 2. A rather massive, semi-crystalline, bluish grey limestone with partings of a greenish shale. The bedding of this mass is often rough and irregular. Corals are abundant and veil preserved in it 18 6 1 . Massive, grey limestone passing downward into a brownish impure limestone. These beds are streaked with semi-crystalline bands in which fossils are more abundant than in the remainder of it. This portion extends to the bottom of the water-hole at the west side of the quarry 10 ^ The following fossils were found in the rocks exposed at the Canadian Portland Cement Company's quarry. J3 the Horixoiw Spongia 1 1 2 3 4 5 Hindi* fibron ( ?) Roemer X X z X X X X X X X X Anthotoa Alveolites confertui Nicholson X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Alveolites distans Nicholson Alveolites ramulosus Nicholson Aulopora cornuta Billings Ai 'opora ti.biformis ( ?) Goldfuss. . . . Bothrophyllum decoricatum Billings Chonostegitesclappi Milne-Edwards andHaime Cladopora cryptodens (Billings) Cladopora imbricata Rominger Cladopora labiosa (Billings) X Cladopora pinguis ( t) Rominger Cladopora pulchra Rominger Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss X Diplophyllum arundinaceum (Billings) Eridophyllum verneuilianum Milne-Edwaids and Haime X Favosites basalticus Goldfuss Favosites canadensis (Billings) Favosites en-Tionsi Rominger Favosites epidermatus Rominger J( Favosites limitaris Rominger ^ Favosites radiciformis Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings. . . . Favosites winchelli Rominger Heliophyllum corniculum (Lesueur) Heliophyllum exiguum Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Michclinia convexa (d'Orbigny) X Michelinia favositoides Billings Romin^eria umbellifera (Billings) Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings) Synaptophyllum straminium (Billings) Syringopora hisingeri Billings Syringopora maclurei Billings Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Zaphrentis prolifica Billings X £ 34 Bryoio* CoKinium striatum ( ?) Hall and Simpton . Fcnestella up Reteporidra perundata (Hall) Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanux^m) Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia billingsi Hall Chonetes mucronatus Hall Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall Leptaena rhomboidalis (VVilclcens) .... Meristella doris Hall Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Metaplasia disparilis (Hall) Parazyga hirsuta Hall PenUmerella arata (Conrad) Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad) Rhipidomella cleobis ( ?) Hall Rhipidomella livia (Billings) Rhipidomella vanuxei i Hall Schellwienella pandora (Billings) Schizophorii propinque Hall Spirifer duodenarius (Hall) Spirifer varicosus Hall Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) Strophcodonta hemispherica Hall Stropheodonta inequistriata (Conrad) Strophonella ampla Hall Ti'ematospira gibbosa ( ?) Hall Horiiona Pelecypoda Conocardiu-n cuneus (Conrad). Gastropoda Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad) | x Diaphorostoma turbinatum (Hall) | Diaphorostoma turbinatum cochleatum (Hall)| Loxonema pexatum Hall | ■ . y. X X X X X X ss GMtropoda— CmiM. Platyc«ra« carinatum Hall Platyceras conicum ( ?) Hall Platycerai erect urn (Hall) Platycerai rictum Hall Strophoatylaa variani Hall Turbinopai* ichutnardi (de Vemcuil) Criuoidea Megiitocrinu* sp Trilobita Phacopa cristau Hall Horitont J i 4 I S Along the Grand Trunk railway about 3 miles west of Port Colborne there is another interesting series of outcrops of Onondaga limestone. The quarry of the Welland County Lime Works (also known as John Reeb's quarry) is located here and furnishes the following section. Section of the Wetland County Lime Works' Quarry. Feet Inv .s 3. Soil and drift 1 6 Onondaga limestone. 2. Bluish, semi-crystalline limestone with very little chert, except at the top S 6 1. Massive, bluish grey crystalline limestone 6 The following is a list of tie species of fossils obtained from the quarry of the Welland County Lime Works. 36 AnthoKM HoriaoM 1 a AccrvuUri« rugoaa Milne- Edwards and HaliM Bothrophyllutn decorticatum Blllingi s Cladopora labioaa (Billing*) x Cyitiphyllum vcMculotum GoldfuM x Diphyphyllum itrictum Milne-Edwards and Haime Eridophyllum verneuilianum Milne- Edwards and Haime Favosites basalticus Goldfusa s Favosites canadensis (Billinp) x Favosites cervirornis Milne-Edwards and Haime Favottites emmonsi Rominger Favosites epidermatus Kominger Favosites hemisphericus (Troott) Favosites limitaris Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne- Edwards and Haime Michelinia favositoide* Billings x Synaptophyllum simcoense Billings x Syringopora hisingeri Billings Syringopora maclurei Billings Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur x Zaphrentis prolifica Billings | i Hydrozoa j Syringopora densa Nicholson. Southward, across tin Grand Trunk tracks, from the lime- kiln of the Welland County Lime Works Company, the massive, semi-crystalline layers of the Onondaga come to the surface and have been quarried to some extent. These layers contain an abundance of corals and the characteristic large crinoid stems; but brachiopods are scarce. The surface of the limestone is well polished and shows both grooves and striae extending S. 20' W. The points of land projecting into the lake near Bumaby, south of Wainfleet, are protected by outcrops of several feet of the cherty part of the Onondaga. Both the dark, cherty layers with an abundance of corals and the compact, drab to grey 3? cherty limestone with few tx)rals are in outcrop, and the latter may be seen definitely overlying the former. HALDIMAND COUNTY SECTIONS. PORT IIAITLANO. Along the lake shore to the west of Port Colborne there are numerous outcrops of the Onondaga limestone, in addition to those near Burnaby; but few of them rise more than 4 or 5 feet above the water level until Port Maitland, Dunn township, is reached, where the following section begins. Section Along the Shore of Lake Erie Beginnin!> at Port Maitland and Extending Westward 3 Miles. Onondaga limestone Feet Inches 3. Dark bluish to grey limestone containing much black chert g 2. Bluish to grey semi-crystalline limestone con- taining a less amount of black chert and an abundance of corals 16 1. A vtr>- cherty, bluish limestone poor in fossils 12 ne- ve, nd an ns; is S. by. of ers rey £ 38 Fossils found in the preceding section. Anthozoa I Horizons i 2 I 3 Acervularia rugosa Milne- Edwards and Haime Aulopora cornuta Billings Cladopora labiosa (Billings) Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Favosites cervicornis Milne-Edwards and Haime Favosites emmonsi Romingcr Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum corniculum (Lesueur) j x Heliophyllum halli Milne- Edwards and Haime x Synaptophyllum simcoense Billings | x Syringopora hisingeri Billings i Syringopora maclurei Billings x Syringopora perelegans Billings x Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur x Hydrozoa Syringostroma densa Nicholson . Bryozoa Fenestetia sp. Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia billingsi Hall Centron^lla glansfagea Hall Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Schellwienella pandora (Billings) Spirifer sp Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) . . Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall. Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad) — Trilobiu Phacops cristata Hall .... X X X X X X X 39 Along the side of the highway, about 2§ miles to the north of Port Maitland, near the westward turn at the Grand river, there is an outcrop of the lower portion of the Devonian which shows the following section. 3 1 Section Along the Highway 2J Miles North of Port Maitland. , c -1 J -■ ., ^^* Inches 6. Sou and drift ^ q Onondaga limestone 5. A cherty, grey limestone containing some sand. 2 4. A grey to white chert with some thin irregular shaly layers which are bituminous 2 Oriskany sandstone? 3. A hard, cherty, grey sandstone which is almost a quartzite. These layers contain some dolomitic limestone pebbles i o 2. A very coarse, grey sandstone containing peb- bles of the underlying dolomitic limestone. Many of these have dissolved out leaving numerous holes in the sandstone l o Rondout waterlime ? 1. A compact, banded, drab, dolomitic limestone weathering to a buff or ash colour 2 Only a few fragmentary fossils were found in these beds; but they were sufficient to establish the Devonian age of all but the lowest division, which is undoubtedly Siluriar, and to make the above reference to formations probable. Eastward, just across the river at Stromness post-office, a similar section is exposed in the bed of the canal. BVNG. South of the Grand river from Dunnville, Mr. Weber has opened a quarry at the edge of the village of Byng. The pit is entirely in the Silurian dolomitic limestone, some layers of which ^Jj 40 are so finely grained and compact that they have been tried as a lithographic stone, although apparently without very marked success. In the hill above the quarry to the southwest the Devonian beds come In and the total section is as follows. Section of the Weber Quarry and the Hill Above. Onondaga limestone Feet Inches 6. Very cherty, grey limestone with a small amount of shale, and passing downward into arena- ceous layers ^ Oriskany sandstone? 5. Coarse sandstone in which no fossils were found, but closely resembling the Oriskany 1 4. Covered interval * ^ Rondout waterlime 3. Very compact, grey to buff, banded dolomitic limestone ^ ^ Cobleskill dolomite 2. Mottled grey to yellowish grey dolomitic lime- stone 10 Salin-i beds (Bertie waterlime) 1. Drab to bluish, compact, banded dolomite to the bottom of the Weber quarry 6 The following list of species includes only those fossils found in the Onondaga limestone (No. 6) of this section. Anthozoa Chonostegites dappi Milne-Edwards and Haime. Ctadopora cryptodens (Billings). Cladopora labiosa (Billings). Cystiphyllum vesiculosum GoldfuM. Favosites emmonsi Rominger. Favosites turbinatus Billings. HdiophyUum corniculum (Lesueur). 41 es nd Anthozoa— Could. Heltophyllum odguum Billings. Synaptophyllum simcoenae Billings. Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur. Zaphrentis prolifica Billings. Bryozoa Cystodictya gilberti (Meek). Fenestella sp. Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Camarotoechia sp. Centronella glansfagca Hall. Chonetes hemisphericus Hall. Chonetcs mucronatus Hall. Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). Meristella nasuta (Conrad). PenUmerella arata (Conrad). Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Spirifer divaricatus Hall. Spirifer duodenarius (Hall). Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad). Strophonella ampla Hall. Gastropoda Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad). Platyceras attenuatum Hall. Platyceras dentalium Hall. Platyceras dumosum ( ?) Conrad. Trilobita Hausmania phacoptyx Hall and Clarke. Proetus rowi (Green). Westward from Byng there are several other sandstone remnants in Dunn township; but they are small and of little importance. In South Cayuga township the Onondaga lime- stone is often at the surface. At Bingham Road ridges of this formation control the topography and the fields are strewn with fragments of limestone. Although the rock is frequently to be seen through the thin coating of drift, no very important sections are exposed. In Rainham, North Cayuga, Oneida, and Walpole townships of Haldimand county, Devonian out- crops are to be counted by the score. In Townsend and Wood- 42 house townships of Norfolk county there are also a number of outcrops. Only the more important sections, however, can be discussed within the limits of this report. SELKIRK. Among the outcrops in the vicinity of this town, in the south- eastern part of Walpole township, that to be found along Stony creek from the village to the lake is perhaps the most important. The following is a section of the rocks exposed along that stream. Section Along Stony Creek at Selkirk. Feet S. Soil and drift * Onondaga limestone 4. A rather compact, bluish grey limestone alter- nating with layers of grayish white chert 5 3. Semi-crystalline, bluish grey limestone with chert more or less in layers but not very abundant 2 2, Dark blue limestone with some chert. The limestone is uneven-bedded like that below, but is inclined to be shaly. The large com- pound corals project from the surface of these beds in great numbers 7 1. Cherty, uneven-bedded, crinoidal, bluish lime- stone, with many corals, extending to the level of Lake Erie 6 Inches The following is a list of the species of which fossils were found in the rocks of this section. 43 of be f ith- Dny int. am. :hes 6 were Anthozoa Cladopora labiosa (Billings) Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne-Edwards Haime Favosites cervicornis Milne-Edwards and Haime. Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum corniculum (Lesueur) Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. . . . Synaptophyllum simcoense Billings Syringopora madurei Billings Syringopora perelegans Billings Zapbrentis gigantea Lesueur Horizons 12 3 4 and X z X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Hydrozoa Syringostroma densa Nicholson. Brachiopoda Amphigei *a (Vanuxem).. Atrypa reticuir 'nnaeus) Chonetes mucron .. , Hall Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Spirifer sp Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad). . . Stropheodonta inequistriata Hall. . . X X X X X X X Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad) Trilobita Hausmania phacoptyx Hall and Clarke. 44 A small outcrop of much importance occurs on lot 23, concession I, township of Walpole. This is at the lake shore on the next lot to the west of the mouth of Stony creek and the fol- lowing is a section of the rocks there exposed. I n Section at the Lake Erie Shore on Lot 23, Concession I, Township of Walpok. Feet Inches 5. Soil and drift 6 Delaware limestone 4. Compact, dark blue limestone with an abun- dance of chert in it 3 3. Covered interval. The last rock exposed is dipping to the southwest, under a small angle, as is also the first seen 100 yards to the west where No. 4 was measured 2 2. Compact, blue limestone with chert in thin layers, chiefly along the bedding planes 4 8 1 . Thin, compact, calcareous, brown shale or shaly limestone, weathering to bluish, and con- taining thin bands of chert. These beds extend to the level of Lake Erie 2 2 45 23, on :ol- hip lies 9 The following fauna was obtained at this place. I 5 Anthoxoa Favoaitet turbinatus Billings Synaptophyllum simcoense (?) Billings. Syringopora sp Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) . . . Camarotoechia sp Cryptonella planirostris Hall. . . Lingula sp Meristella nasuta ( ?) (Conrad) . Productella sp Rhiptdomella cyclas Hall Spirifer sp Strophonella ampla Hall Pteropoda Styliolina fissurella (Hall) Tentaculites gracillistriatus Hall. Trilobita Phacopa rana Green. Hortsons This outcrop is interesting chiefly because of the bed of brown shale at the base in which two rather characteristic Marcellus shale fossils occur. It is remarkable that just a few feet above this shaly zone should be found such forms as Meris- tella na'uta and Strophonella ampla, both of which are not com- monly found above the base of the Marcellus shale. This same relation occurs at & 'eral other places in this vicinity and there can be no doubt that the above is the true position of the beds even though a covered interval is introduced into the section. The fossil forms above referred to are apparently typical of the species to which they have been referred, although Pentamerella arata of this horizon may be a variety. m 46 Selkirk is in the midst of the gas producing territory and the country rock round about has been perforated by numerous holes in the exploitation of that field. Almost any one of these wells furnishes a good section of the rock down to the Medina and, since essentially the whole of the Onondaga limestone is present here, gives some idea of the thickness of that Devonian formation. The following is a record of a gas well on Mr. George W. Hedges' lot at Selkirk. Record of the George W. Hedges' Gas Well at Selkirk. Depth in Feet 9. Soil and drift 8 8. Cherty limestone (Onondaga) 135 7. Dolomitic limestones and shales (Salina, Cobles- kill, etc.) 320 6. Limestone and dolomite (Lockport and Guelph). . 282 5. Shale (Rochester) 45 4. Shale and limestone yielding a little gas (Clinton beds) 27 3. Red shale yielding gas 15 feet below the top (Medina) 31 2. Grey shale (Medina) 60 1. White sandstone, the chief gas horizon (Medina) 17 This well is said to have attained a total depth of 990 feet; but the record did not show the nature of the beds below the white Medina, or chief gas bearing horizon. At Helkie's lime-kiln, on lot 3, concession II, along Stony creek about one mile to the northeast of Selkirk, 7 feet of the Onondaga are exposed and carry the usual abundance of corals. Along the same creek on the next two concessions to the north good outcrops of somewhat higher beds of the Onondaga occur, while the Delaware limestone is exposed on the higher ground on either side of the creek. This latter cis exposed here is usually a dark bluish limestone, with a decided shaly tendency, and in the upper part contains a few thin bands or layers of dark coloured chert. When freshly broken, the limestone has a brown colour and usually a strong petroleum odour. Fossils are not 47 abundant and in most outcrops corals are nearly absent. On lot 3, concession III. township of Rainham, the Delaware lime- stone has been opened for quarrying to a depth of 8 feet and at that place the following fossils were found. Anthoioa Zaphrentia ip. Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Leiorhynchus limitare ( ?) (Vanuxem). Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). Lingula desiderata Hall. Meristella nasuta (Conrad). Productella spinulicosta Hall. Schellwienella sp. Spirifer macrus ( ?) Hall. Strophalosia truncata (Hall). Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad). Strophonella ampla Halt. Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad). Modiomorpha concentrica (Conrad). Paracyclas elliptica ( ?) Hall. Gastropoda Loxonema sp. Trilobita PhacopR rana ( ?) (Green). CHEAPSIDE. This is a small village on the line between concessions II and III, Walpole township, and about 3 miles to the north- west of Selkirk. The outcrop at that place is along Dry creek and is most interesting to the northward from the village, where the following section is exposed. 41 StcHoH Along Dry Cruk, Btiinnint About Tkru-quartors iff a Mile North of Choapside on Lot 19, Concession III, Extondint up Stream, and Ending on Lot 18, Concession IV. Feet Inches 11. Soil and drift 6 Delaware limestone 10. A very cherty, bluish grey to dark blue or brown, coippact limestone in rather massive beds, but weathering into thin irregular layers 7 6 9. Layers of compact hard, blue limestone, some of which are separated by brown bituminous shale and all show more or less of a tendency to weather shaly. These beds contain some black chert, a part of which is in distinct layers 6 6 8. \ fine-grained, hard and brittle, blue limestone in uneven layers and alternating with beds of grey chert 7 6 7. A rough, uneven, bituminous, shaly mass, blue to brown in colour and with much black chert intermixed 6 6. A hard, blue limestone containing iron pyrite and some crystals of caldte 6 5. A brown shale with thin bands of black chert. It also includes several thin hard limestones and has a strong odour of petroleum. This shale contains an abundance of Styliolina fissureUa and Tentaculites grac^ triatus, both of which, especially when xiated, are rather characteristic of th' viarcellus shale and probably do not occui jelow that horizon ♦ 2 Onondaga limestone 4. A compact, cherty, blue limestone, somewhat crinoidal and quite fossiliferous 6 3. Covered interval 4 2. A coi.ipact, drab to grey limestone containing quite a little chert and few fossils 2 6 ttmtem up 1. Feet Inche* Maaiive, conline, blue to grey limestone which it almost a perfect mat of corals. These layers extend to creek level at the last outcrop above the village 2 The following ubie gives a list of the fossils found in this section and a lso the horizons at which they occur. Horiaons AnthoMM 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 AcervuUri* ruiow MilM-Edwsrds and Haime z X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bothrophyllum dccorticatum BilUngi t • . Cbdopora UbioH (Billingi) X X Cyathophytlum anna Whitfield Cyrtiphyllum veticulosum GoldfuM. X Diphyphyllum rtrictum (?) MUne- Edwardt and Haime Diphypliyllum ip X z Favodtc* baaalticus GoIdfuM Favoiite« emmonsi Rominger FavoHtea turbinatua BUlingt X FavtMitMip X X HeUophyllum halU Milne-Edwards and Haime X Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny) Synaptophyllum limcoenie BitlinKs. . Syringopora hitingeri Billings Syringopora maclurei Billings Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur X Zaphrentis prolifica Billings Zaphrentis sp Hydrozoa Stromatoporella sp X X Bryozoa Fenestcllasp X X X Horisoni Brachiopoda 1 2 i 4 5 1 6 7 S 9 10 X X X ' iu*« ■ '*chta Bpi .... C h'liieii' lUcroTUitus Hi&tl X X X 1 ptaiiifi . ' omboidalU (Wilckeni). . . ^ 'v i' eW.- ^Mirrisi Hall ... .... . . . Mt'H^ti Ha laauta (Conrad) X X \uci ■(. ' .-,) concinna Hall i> T.' ■ ■ ir'lii arata ' ?\ fCTonrAd) X X X X X X .11- .^1 .l( ,1' , ita Hall tr.-phe !• 1 oncava ( t) Hall X ' X 'V iopheoi f 1 1 ,'. 'T»oni Hall var . . '>truDhecxlonta o'rijlana (Conrad) . . . X X V Struohunella unnpl.t Hall X X 1 Felecypoda V X ModiomornhA mvtiloidcs Hall. . . 1 X Pararvclaa ohioeiiflifl (Meek) T Gastropoda Loxoiwma hafniltoniae Hall 1 X Eurvzone itvB (Hall) X Pteropoda X X X X Stvliolina fimurella Hall X Tentaculites BTacilliBtriatus Hall . X TrilobiU PhacoDs rana Green T Proetus sp X 51 10 Aa indicated in the above section the bed o( cherty, brown ■hale obterved along the lake shore appears here also and con- tains the same Marcellus shale fossils in abundance. In the limestone above occur again several of the species which have been so intimately associated with the Ononctaga and lower horizons thai it seems hard to believe that the beds in whirh they are here found belong above the base of the Marcellus shale, and yet there srems to be no escape from that conclusion. However, good evidence has made it necessary to consider other equally good Onondaga forms as passing above the same bound- ary line in the case of the Delaware limestone of Ohio where geologists have been as reluctant to ace, t the evidence found in the rocks, and it seems there can be i>.o bi :ter reason for dis- regarding that here observed. Possibly when an abundance of these Onondaga forms have been collected they may be found to be varieties of the species with which they are here identified. Various collectors report having found Martinia maia, a typical Delaware limestone fossil, sn the upper limestone near Selkirk. In view of these occurrences the bed of brown shale bearing the Marcellus f.^;rms is considered to be the basal portion of the Delaware limestone. BAGGERTY FALLS. Along Sandusk creek about 3 J miles to the northwest of Cheapside is a beautiful waterfall known as Haggerty falls. This is on lot 13, concession IV, township of Walpole, and scarcely a quarter of a mile to the south of the little village of Sandusk. Haggerty falls furnishes one of the best natural sections of the Onondae:a limestone in this part of Ontario, as well as a region of considerable scenic beauty (see Plate II). The following is a section of the rocks exposed at that place. Section Exposed at Haggerty Falls. Feet 6. Soil and drift Onondaga limestone 5. Bluish grey, semi-crystalline limestone in which there is little or no chert and fossils are not quite so abundant as in the layers below .... 2 Inches 6 52 Feet Inches 4. Very massive, rough, bluish grey limestone containing some chert and quite full of corals and other fossils 8 3. An irregular layer of massive, bluish grey lime- stone containing numerous corals 2 2. Grey to bluish, crystalline limestone in irregular beds alternating with grey to white chert. . . 4 1. Sub-crystalline, grey to bluish grey limestone with irregular masses of chert and abun- dantly fossiliferous. This portion extends to the lowest level of Sandusk creek below the falls 3 falls. The following fossils were found in the rocks at Haggerty Anthozoa and Bothrophyllum decorticatum Billings Chonostegitea clappi Milne-Edwards Haime Cladopora cryptodens (Billings) Cladopora labioaa (Billings) Cladopora pukhra Rominger Cladopora sp Cyttiphyllum veaiculosum Goldfuss Diphyphyllum sp Eridophyllum vemuillianum Milne-Edwards and Haime Favoaitea basalticus Goldfuss Favosites canadensis (Billings) Favosites cervicornis Milne-Edwards and Haime Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favosites limitaris Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Michelinia conveza (d'Orbigny) Striatopora cavernosa Rominger — Synaptophyllum simcocnse Billings. Horixons MM! S3 Horizons AnthotM— Confci 1 2 3 4 5 Syringopora hisingeri Billing* X z z X X X X X z X X X X X X Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Zaphicntia *p Hydrozoa Stromatoporella sp Bryoioa Feneatella sp Brachiopoda Atiypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Rhipidcmella vanuxemi Hall X Spirifi^&p Stropheodonu demissa (Conrad) StropheodonU patersoni Mall Pelecypoda Conocardtum cuneus (Conrad) z z Gastropoda Platyceras sp Cephalopoda Orthoceras thoas Hall About 2 miles up the Sandusk from Ha^gerty falls, on lot 9, concession V, township of Walpole, somewhat higher beds of the Onondaga limestone appear as follows. S4 Section on Sandusk Creek Above Haggerty Falls. Feet Inches 3. Drift 3 Onondaga limestone 2. Compact, bluish grey limestone alternating with layers of greyish white chert 2 1. Compact bluish grey semi-crystalline lime- stone with trails of lighter colour, showing especially on the weathered surface. These beds extend to the level of Sandusk creek ... 1 6 The following fossils were found in the above section. Anthozoa Cyitiphyltum veskulosum Goldfuss Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Zaphrentis sp Bryozoa Fenestellasp.. Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia sp Delthyris raricosta Conrad Leptaena rhomboidatis (Wilckena) . Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Stropheodonta patcrsoni Hall Strophonella ampla Hall Horizons 1 Gastropoda Ptatyceras sp. . Cephalopoda Orthoceras nuntium Hall. . . Trilobita Hausmania phacoptyx Hall and Clarke. Phacops sp ches :oiu 2 5S Towards the lake there are other fair outcrops along San- dusk creek. Probably the most important of these are to be found on lots 16, 17, and 18, concession I, Walpoie township, where 8 to 10 feet of the cherty, compact, bluish brown lime- stone occurs. These beds are usually irregular and often more or less shaly. The fossils are not very characteristic, but they apparently indicate beds of the same general age as those found along Dry creek above Cheapside. The banks of Nanticoke creek also show several meagre outcrops of limestone. The upper portion of the beds exposed just above the village of Nanti- coke is probably Delaware limestone. FISHERVILLE. In the vicinity of this little village, located in Ramham township, about 5 miles north of Lake Erie, the Onondaga limestone lies very near the surface and frequently outcrops along the small runs that traverse the country. The thickness of rock exposed is seldom important in that vicinity. On lot 5, concession V, about three-quarters of a mile to the west of the villagr there is a small waterfall and an 8-foot outcrop of rock on a branch of Stony creek. Along the same little stream, at the next road crossing it to the north, 4 or 5 feet of cherty, grey limestone may be seen. At this latter place the usual Onondaga corals are abundant; but all fossils are rather rare at the former. On another small eastward branch of Stony creek, 1} miles to the southeast of Fisherville, several outcrops occur. The better of these is located on lot 10, concession IV, where the following section is exposed. Section on Lot 10, Concession IV, Rainham Pownship, /J Miles Southeast of Fisherville. Feet Inches 3. Soil and drift 5 u Onondaga limestone 2. Very cherty, bluish grey limestone containing very few fosdis 6 1. Massive, cherty, dark bluish limestone extend- ing to the creek level i 6 5 S6 The following fauna was collected from the preceding section. Anthozoa Bothrophyllum decorticatum Billings Cladopora labioaa (Billings) Cladopora sp Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Diphyphyllum sp Favorites baaalticus Goldfuss Favosites canadensis (Billings) Favorites emmonri Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings Hcliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Syringopora hisingeri Billings Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrenti<> gigantea Lesueur Zaphrentis sp Horizons 1 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X i X DECEWVILLE. This village, located in North Cayuga township about 3 miles to the west of Cayuga and the Grand river, is on the edge of the Devonian deposits. In fact there are Silurian and basal Devonian outcrops along the Grand Trunk railway less than a half mile distant from the depot on either side. The following section occurs a short distance to the west of DeCewville, on lot 45, concession I, north of the Talbot road. Section on Lot 45, Concession I, North of the Talbot Road, North Cayuga Toumship, Near the Village of DeCeumlle. Feet 6. Soil and drift 2 Onondaga limestone 5. Cherty, grey limestone, mostly covered 3 4. A very cherty, grey limestone carrying an abun- dance of the usual Onondaga fossils 5 Inches in. »n8 2 lit 3 edge tasal ui a ving ilot 'XMld, ches 57 Feet Inches 3. Mostly chert but with some limestone which carries a quantity of sand grains. Fossils are rare in these beds 1 5 Oriskany sandstone 2. A true sandstone carrying fragments of the un- derlying beds 4 Coblesldll (?) dolomite 1. A compact, drab to ash coloured dolomite in even beds. (This rock is certainly Silurian but its exact age was not determined.) 6 The following fauna is chiefly from beds Nos. 4 and 5 of the above section, although a considerable portion of it was collected from loose material which apparently came from the same horizon. Anthotoa Cladopora labiosa (Billings). Cystiphyllum vesiculoaum Goldfuu. Favosites basalticus GoIdfuM. Favosites emmonsi Rominger. Favosites sp. Heliophyllum exiguum Billings. Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Zaphrentis sp. Bryoioa Cystodictya gilbert! (Meek). Fenestella sp. Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem). Anoplia nucleata Hall. Anoplotheca Camilla (Hall). Athyris sp. Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Camarotoechia tethys (Billings). Centronella glansfagea Hal!. Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). 58 Brachiopoda— Conlcf. Meristella clutia (Conrad). MerUtella walcotti ( ?) Hall and Clarke. Metaplasia disparilis (Hall). Nucleoepira concinna Hall. Paraiyga hirsuta Hall. Pentamerella arata (Conrad). Pholidops patina Hall and Clarke. Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad). Rhipidomella livia (Billing-). Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Schellwienella pandora (Billings). Spirifer divaricatus Hall. Spirifer duodenarius (Hall). Spirifer arenosus unicus Hall. Stropheodonta concava Hall. Stropheodonta demisia (Conrad). Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall. Stropheodonta inequistnata (Conrad). Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad). Strophonella ampla Hall. Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad). Cypricardinia indenta Conrad. Gastropoda Euryzone lucina (Hall). Igoceras conicum (Hall). Platyceras dentalium Hall. Platyceras erectum Hall. Pteropoda Tentaculites scalariformis Hall. Trilobita Chasmops anchiops (Green). Coronura diurus (Green). Phacops cristata Halt. Phacops rana (Green). Proetus rowi (Green). 59 While there is apparently a thin representative of the Oris- kany sandstone present in this outcrop, no fossils wtre found in place in it. However, in the north end of the same lot and over the four or five lots immediately to the west, as well as those of corresponding position in the next concession to the north, typical Oriskany sandstone with its usual fauna is well developed. Outcrops are rather abundant, as the sandstone lies near the sur- face and has been quarried at more than a dozen localities. This formation is exceedingly variable in thickness, as it lies on an uneven surface (see Plate V), and is in turn succeeded uncon- formably by the Onondaga limestone. The break between the Oriskany sandstone and the Silurian was a long one. During this interval land conditions prevailed over much, if not all, of southwestern Ontario and erosion left its marks over the region then exposed.* The latest Silurian and the earliest Devonian, if the latter were ever deposited, disappeared during this period of weathering and erosion, while the joints in the underiying beds were widened by solution. Into the crevices thus formed the sand of the Oriskany penetrated and now forms seams of that material often extending 4 or 5 feet below the actual con- tact. This condition is traceable far beyond the present dis- tribution of the arenaceous formation and has sometimes been taken as sufficient justification for including the Oriskany as one of the local formations in regions where it has long since ceased to exist. Such sandy material in the crevices of the top layers of the Silurian and mingled with Silurian pebbles in the basal Devonian are to be found even at Goderich and Amherst- burg. The lowest layers of the Oriskany sandstone include angular fragments of the Silurian dolomitic limestones and some- times portions of the residual clays formed by its disintegration. This latter material, however, more often forms the base on which the sandstone rests. In comparatively recent time the irregularity of the contact has been somewhat increased by the solvent action of water. At some places it is possible for a man to crawl in between the two formations, while at others the sands tone has sunken and is again in contact with the Silurian. •See Kindle. E. M., Geoi. Surv., Cwwda, Summary Kept, for 1912 (1914). pp. 286, 287. 60 Near the north end o{ lot 46, conceaaion I, north of the Tal- bot road, North Cayuga township, there i> a rather large opening in the Oriskany sandstone on property owned by Mr. Jacob McClung. In this quarry the rock is a coarse, even-grained, white sandstone in which (osuls are exceedingly rare. There is a thickness of nearly 6 feet exposed without reaching the bottom of the sandstone. On top of the Oriskany occurs a 4 to 6-inch layer of conglomerate in which the pebbles are of sandstone, but mingled with them are balls of calcareous mud. The matrix of this deposit is chiefly sand; but, owing to the ad- mucture of a large quantity of limestone mud, it may take on the appearance of mortar (see Plate III). The sandstone pebbles were found to contain specimens of Spirifer arenosus. The cal- careous mud balls are also fossiliferous; but the remains are usu- ally too fragmentary for positive identification. Mingled with this mass are various Onondaga corals, brachiopods, trilobitet, fish plates and teeth, etc. This is, in fact, the lowest portion of the Onondaga limestone and shows the nature of the contact between it and the Oriskany sandstone. It is evident that the present fragmentary state of the Oriskany is due to the period of erosion which followedso on after its deposition, and that the arenaceous condition of much of the basal portion of the Onon- daga is due to the destruction of a part of the sandstone formation by the advancing Onondaga sea and the incorporation of the material thus obtained into the deposit then forming. Neighbouring lots to the westward contain good deposits of the Oriskany sandstone and on nearly every one some quarry- ing has been done. The largest and most important of these openings is to be found on lots 48 and 49 (concession II, north of the Talbot road), where the Oneida Lime and Sand Companj' has a large crushing plant for this friable sandstone formation. Fos- sils are also very much more abundant there, especially in the wood-lot just beyond, and extending westward into lot 50. On the Oneida Lime and Sand Company's property there occurs an outcrop of Onondajja limestone, the sandstone quarries, a Sil- urian dolomitic limestone quarry, and a gypsum prospect shaft. This shaft starts in the Onondaga limestone and ends in the Salina formation. Where it passes throu the Oriskany that 61 formation is only 18 inches thick, while in the sandstone quarry, leas than 100 yards distant, it is nearly 20 feet thick (see Plate IV). The following is a combined section of the outcrop, the quarry, and the shaft, although the measurements for the latter are only approximately correct. Section of the Oneida Lime and Sand Company's Quarries and Shaft. Feet Inches 15. Soil and drift 6 Onondaga limestone 14. A very cherty, bluish grey limestone in which fossils are abundant .1 n 13. Cherty, calcareous layers with an abundance of coarse sand 8 Oriskany sandstone 12. Coarse-grained, friable, white to yellowish sandstone. At places, especially in the upper part, this sandstone contains occasional con- cretion-like masses resembling true quartz- ite. The sand grains vary in size up to an eighth of an inch in diameter and are usually well rounded. The lower portion contains sub-angular fragments of the underlying dolomitic limestones. The thickness of this sandstone varies much from place to place, chiefly because of the uneven surface on which it lies, but also because of the uncon- formity between it and the succeeding for- mation. These beds are often well filled with characteristic Oriskany fossils 19 6 Cobleskill (?) dolomite 11. Weathered buff to yellowish brown, some- what porous magnesian limestone. These beds contain a few fossils and vary much in thickness at different places 2 6 Salina beds 10. Compact, banded drab dolomitic limestone. . 3 6 62 Feet Inches 9. Compact, banded, brown doiomitic limestone 10 8. A compact, drab dolomite banded with dark blue 5 7. Compact drab dolomite 5 6. Hard drab to brown dolomite splitting into thin layers 8 5. Fine-Rraincd, blue shale 24 4. A compact, drab, calcareous rock containing thin films of carbonaceous matter 5 3. A compact, drab, calcareous rock containing numerous pores or small cavities 1 2. Blue, shaly rock containing masses of celestite . 3 1. An incoherent, blue shale containing crystals of gypsum. Bottom of shaft 8 The following fauna was collected from the Devonian rocks on the Oneida Lime and Sand Company's property and the Oriskany sandstone of the adjacent lot to the west. 6 6 Anthoxoa Acrophyllum oneidaeniit Billing* AmplexuB yandelli Milne-Edwards and Haime Bothrophyllum decorticatum Billingii Chonoategites clappi Mine-Edwards and Haime Cladopora cryptodens (Billings) Cladopora labiosa (Billings) Cystiphyllum sulcatum Billings Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne-Edwards and Haime Favosites basalticus Goldfuss Favosites clausus Rominger Favosites conicus ( ?) Hall Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favoatea epidermatus Rominger Favosites helderbergiae Hall Favosites Umitaris Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings Horisons 12 13 14 «s Horitona AnthofMi— Cmu<. 12 13 1* HcUophylium cornkulum (Letuetir) X X X X X X ? X X X X X X X Heliophyllum esiguum BilUnfi Hcliophyllum haiti Milne-Edwvda and Haime MkhelinL conveu d'Orbigny' Mkhclinia (avoiitoidea BilUng* Philtiputtrea gigas Owen Synaptophyllum nmcoenie (Billings) Syringopora hiiingeri Billing! X X X X X X X X Syringopora maclurei Billing! Syringopora perelegana Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Zaphrentii noduloM Rominger Zaphrentis prolifica Billings Zaphrentis roemeri Hall Hydroioa Stromatoporelln granulau Nichdson Bryonia Cystodictya gilbertl (Meek) FenestelU biseriata ( ?) Hall Hederella magna ( ?) Clarke. . . . Monotrypella sp Polypora hexagonalis ( ?) (Hall) Polypora robusta Hall Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongau (Vanuxem) Anoplia nucleata Hall Anoplotheca Camilla (Hall) Anoplotheca flabellites (Conrad) Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Beachia suesMna HaU Brachyprion schuchertanum ( ?) Clarke CamarotoechU barrandei Hall Camarotoechia bUlingsi Hall ' ' Camarotoechia dryope Billings Camarotoechia tethys (Billings) ■■ Centronella glansfagea Hall X 64 Bnchiopoda— CmM. Centronclla tumkla BiUin(t ChoMtM hemuphtrkut Hmll ChoMtci hudioniciu Clarke Chonetn mucroiwtiM Hall ChonoatrophU complanata Hall Crania pulchella Hall and Ctarln Cryptonella fauata ( ?) Clarke Cyrtina hamiltoneniia Hall Cyrtina roatrata Hall Cyrtina varia Clarke Delthyri* raricoata Conrad Eatonia pecultarii (Conrad) Eatonia sinuata ( ?) Hall Eunella harmonica Hall Hipparionyx proximu* Vanuxem Leptaena rhombotdalia (Wilckent) Leptaena rhomboidalii vcntricoaa Hall Leptottrophia oritkania Clarke Megalanteria ovalit Hall Merittella lata Hall Merittella tentiCormi* CUrke Meriitella nasuta Conrad Meriatella watcotti Hall and Clarke. . Metaplasia pyxidata Hall Nucleoapira conctnna Hall Nucleotpira ventricoaa Hall Orbiculoidea ampia Hall Oritkania navtcella Hall and Clarke. . . Pentameretia arata (Conrad) Pholidopa arenaria Hall Pholidopa terminalia Hall Pholidoatrophia iowaenaiii (Owen) Rennelaoia cayuga Hall and Clarke. . Rensaelaeria ovoidea (Eaton) . Renaaelaeria ovulum hall and Clarke. . Rennelaeria ap Recticularia fimbriata (Conrad) Rhipidomella livia (Billings) Rhipidomella muaculoaa Hall Rhipidomella oblau Hall Rhipidomella vanuaemi Hall Horiaona 12 I 13 14 } I 14 BrMhiopadB— CimM. achellwienclU dcformii Hall SchellwicnclU pandora (Uillinga) .... S{Mri(er arcnoaua (Conrad) Spiriferdurctation of the record and samples, both of which wen- faithfully kept ami present d by Mr. Howard. The HagtrsvilU Light a. I Fuel Company's Well, No. 2. Thickness '" uial 7. Soil and drift ^ Feet J Feet. (). Onondaga l.impstom-. A hard, cherty, grey limt-Ntoi • passing' " '• liluish lime- stone and ^tiaie '^7 " 100 5. Salina b<'dGiiilph). Pardy crvstailine, grvy dolomitic li-nc stone....' 2->'» " 670 - 3. RiK-luNter vhalc. Dark bluish grey, earthy shale ^2 * 712 " 2. Clinton Iwds. .\ light grey semi-crystal- line limestone passing into bluish shale at the bottom 26 " 738 1. Medina sandstoiu' and shale. .Arenaceous, t,rey .uvd resit, no record of it was matle nor were such samples preserved. This is ,dl the iiiori- remarkable from the fact that the Springvale sandstone (basal Onondaga) outcrops in the north- eastern part of town. Other wells to the southwest of Hagersvillc sometimes record such a sandstone dejwsit at the base of the n Devonian. This leenui to indicate that the Oriskany sandstone it patchy within aa well at at the margin of the Devonian covered area. SPRINOVALE. This little village is located 4 miles west of Hagersvtlle and on the line between concessions XIV and XV, of Walpole township. The Springvale sandstone is typically exposal here and is in outcrop at numerous places along the margin of a rock terrace extending from the north part of Hagersvitie to the northwestv^ard beyond Springvale. An interesting section of this sandstone, showing its relation to the upper and lower de- posits, is to be found on lot 9, concession XIII, owned by Mr. William Shoap. Section on William Shoap's Farm, Northwest of Hagersville. Feet Inches 5. Soil and drift 4 Onondaga limestone 4. A very cherty, blue to grey limestone which is quite fossiliferous 5 6 (Springvale sandstone) 3. Coarse white to yellowish sandstone. The lower part is rather massive while the upper layers are somewhat irregular ami seem to con- tain more fossils 8 2. Arenaceous blue shale 7 Basal Devonian chert (Oriskany) ? 1. Irregular beds of bluish grey chert with a few thin calcareous layers 3 2 m MKROCOPV MSOWTION TIST CHART (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) Li 123 ■ 2.5 l» ■^'' ■h ta |3j2 1 12.2 tSm 1 ■■■ lit 111 Ib 1 2.0 u 1 m 1 1.8 1.4 nil 1.6 ^ /1PPLIED IIVMGE In ^T'. 1653 East Uoin Street »*<-■ Rochester, New York 14609 US* IS (7'6) ♦az - 0300 - Phone ^B (7'6) 288-59B9-r<)« 78 The following fossils were found in the sandstone and cherty limestone of this outcrop. Anthozoa Bothrophytlum decorticatum Billings Chonoategites clappi Milne-Edwards and Haime. Cladopora labiosa (Billings) Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Favosites basalticus Goldfuss Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favosites limitaris Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum exiguum Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne- Ed wards and Haime. . . Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny) Michelinia favositoidea Billings Phillipsastrea gigas Owen Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings) Syringopora peretegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Zaphrentis prolifica Billings Horizons Bryozoa Cystodictya gilbert! (Meek) . Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem) Anoplotheca Camilla (Hall) Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia billingsi Hall Chonetes hemisphericus Hall Crania sp Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens) Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Orbiculoidea sp Pentamerella arata (Conrad) Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad) Rhipidomella cleobis Hall Schellwienella pandora (Billings) Spirifer divaricatus Hall | X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X « X X X X X X X X X ? X X X X 79 Bnchiopodi—CoHtd Spirifer duodenarius (Hall) Spirifer macrothyris Hall Stropheodonta demisaa (Conrad). . Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall . Stropheodonu inequiradiata Hall. Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad) . Strophonella ampla Hall Pelecypoda Conocardtum cuneus (Conrad) Gastropoda Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad). Trilobita Hausmania phacoptyx Hall and Clarke. Phacops cristau Hall Proetus rowi (Green) Horizons On lot 6 of the same concession, just beyond the crossroad to the westward from the above locality, there is another inter- estmg section of this same horizon in what appears to be a con- tinuation of the same terrace-like rock ledge. The section begins in a small quarry to the south of the highway, but is chiefly along the roadway and shows the following section. Section on Mr. Gray's Farm, One MUe South of SpringvaU Lot 6, Concession XIII, Walpole Township. ' Feet 1 7. Soil and drift Onondaga limestone 6. Cherty, argillaceous, blue limestone weather- ing rapidly to a soft blue clay 4 Inches 80 Feet Inches 4. 3. Grey chert and cherty limestone, all very fossili- ferous 6 Covered interval along the highway. This is probably grey chert and cherty limestone ... 4 Arenaceous chert grading into arenaceous lime- stone and all containing an abundant fauna. . . (Springvale sandstone) 2. Rather coarse, grey to white sandfto.-.e contain- ing hard wh ite masses which are compr.tcd near- ly as hard as quartzite 3 Coarse, grey to white sandstone which is some- what more massive than that above 2 1 The following fauna was collected from the above section. Horicons Spongia 1 2 3 5 6 Hindia fibrosa Roemer Anthozoa Acervularia rugosa Milne-Edwards and Haime Bothrophyllum decorticatum Billings s z X X X z z X X z z X X X X z z X X z z Cladopora labiosa (Billings) Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Favosites basalticus Goldfuss Favosites canadensis (Billings) Favosites cervicornis Milne-Ed wardsand Haime Favosites clausus Rominger Favosites emmonsi Rominger z Favosites epiderr.iatus Rjminger Favosites turbinatus Billings Favosites sp Heliophyllum corniculum (Lesueur) Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny) Phillipsastrea gigas Owen Phitlipsastrea verrilli Meek 81 Horizons Anthozoa — Contd. Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings) . Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrentis , igantea Lesueur Zaphrentis sp Blastoidea Codaster pyramidatus Shumard. . . . Bryozoa Cystodictya gilbeni (Meek). Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem) Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Atrypa reticularis impressa ( ?) Hall... Camarotoechia billings! Hall Chonetes hemisphericus Hall Chonetes niucronatus Hall Crania crenistriata Hall Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens) Meristella lenta Hall Meristella nasuta (Conrad) Meristella sp Nucleospira concinna Hall Pentamerella arata (Conrad) Pholidostropliia iowaensis (Owen) Rhipidomella cleobis Hall Rhipidomella semcle Hall lihipidomella vanuxemi Hall Schizophoria propinque Hall Sch(>llwienella pand.ira 'FJiliing';) Spirifer divaricatus Hall Spirifer duoderarius (Hall) Spirifer macrus Hall Spirifer sp Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad) Strophonella ampla Hall X X X X X X X 82 Pclecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad) . Gastropoda Diaphoroatoma lineatum (Conrad) . Ptatyceraa attenuatum Hall Platyceraa sp Pteroptda Tentaculite* tcalariforniis Hall TrilobiU Chasmops anchiops (Green) Coronura myrmecophorui (Green) . . Hausmanla phacoptyx Hall and Clarke Phacops cristata Hall Phacops cristata pipa Hall and Clarke. Proetus crcasimarginatus Hall Proetus row! (Green) Horixons Just south of Springvale, on lot 6, concession XIV, Mr. S. W. Winger has occasionally quarried out some of the sandstone and a very good section on the lower Onondaga is now partly exposed, while the Springvale sandstone is well shown in several places. Section on Mr. S. W. Winger's Farm, Lot 6, Concession XIV, Township of Walpole. 6. Soil and drift. Feet Inches . 6 Onondaga limestone 5. Cherty, compact, grey limestone. These beds are to be seen weathering out over the fields above the old quarry 10 83 Feet 4. .Xrenaceous chtirt and calcareous sandstone with an abundant fauna 3. Arenaceous limestone or calcareous sandstone with an abundance of fossils 2 (Springvale sandstone) 2. A coarse, white to yellowish sandstone with hard, white masses of sand cemented by silica 2 1. A more or less massive, coarse, white to yellow- ish sandstone 5 Inches The lowest of these beds extend to the bottom of the quarry and are said to rest on a light coloured chert, which in turn rests on the drab dolomites exposed in the old quarry at the lime-kiln in the village of Springvale. Some of the chert may be found in the pasture field below the sandstone quarry of which the above is a section. The following is a list of the fossils found in the section on Mr. S. W. Winger's place. Horizons Anthozoa 1 2 3 4 5 Acervularia rugosa Milne-Edwards and Haime Acrophyllum oneidaensia (Billings) 1 i X Amplexus yandelli Milne- Edwards and Haime. Aulocophyllum sulcatum (d'Orbigny) Aulopora conferta Winchell X X :: X X Bothrophyllum decorticatum Billings Cladopora labiosa (Billings) Cladopora pulchra Rominger .. 1 X Cladopora robusta Rominger . . Cyathophyllum validum Hall Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Diphyphyllum gracile ( ?) (McCoy) Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne-E^wards and Haime • ■ X • - ■ • Favosites basalticus Goldfuss Favosites canadensis (Billings) Favosites clausus Rominger Favosites emmonsi Rominger X j X 84 AnthoMtm—Comld. FavoiitM limiuria Rominser Favorite* turbinatus Billing* Heliophyllum corniculum (Leaueur) Heliophyllum exiguum Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwarda and Hatme Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny) Phillipsaitrea gigas Owen Phillipsastrea verrilli Meek Synaptophyllum rimcocnae (Billings) Syringopora hisingeri Billings Syringopora perelegans Billings Syringopora sp Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Zaphrentis nodulosa Rominger Zaphrentis prolifica Billings Zaphrentis sp Horisons Bryozoa Cystodictya creacens (Hall) Cystodictya gilberti (Meek) Fenestella parallela Hall Fenestella sp Hederella sp Loculipora drcumstau (Hall and Simpson) . Monotrypa tenuis (Hall) Polypora celsipora (Hall) Polypora porosa (Hall) Polypora robusta (Hall) Stictopora ( ? ?) fruticosa Hall Unitrypa pernodosa (Hall) X X X Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem) Anoplia nucleata Hall Anoplotheca Camilla (Hall) Athyris vittata indianaensia Stauffer . Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia billingsi Hall Camarotoechia Carolina Hall Camarotoechia tethys (Billings) X X X X X X X X X X X X X 85 "" HoriroM Brachiopoda— Cmtf. 1 2 3 4 s Camarotoechia ip X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 * 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X > 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Centronella glansfagea Hall Chonetes hemisphericu* Hall Chonetei sp Chonostrophia revena (Whitfield) Cyrtina biplicata Hall Cyrtina hamittonensU Hall Dalmanetia lenticularit (Vanuxem) Delthyris raricosta Conrad Eunella harmonica Hall Eunella aullivanti Hall Leptaena rhomboidalit (Wilckens) Lingula sp , Meriitella cluiia (Billings) Meristella doris Hall Meristellr nasuta (Conrad) Meristella sp Nucleospira condnna Hall Parazyga hirsuta Hall X X X Pentamerella arata (Conrad) Pholidops patina Hall and Clarke Pholidostrophia iowaensis (Owen) •• Rhipidomella deobis Hall X X X X X X X X ;; X X X Rhipidomella livia (Billings) Rhipidomella semele Hall * Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Schellwienella pandora (Billings) Schizophoria propinque Hall Spirifer acuminatus (Conrad) Sptrifer divaricatus Hall Spirifer duodenarius (Hall) Spirifer macrothyris Hall Spirifer macrus Hall X X Spirifer varicosus Hall Spirifer sp X Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) Stropheodonu hemispherica Hall Stropheodonta inequiradiata Hall Stropheodonta inequistriata (Conrad) Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad) X Strophonella ampla Hall X k 86 Pekcypoda Actinnpteria bo>;'i (Conrad) Aviculu|i«ctcn princepa (Conrad). Conocardlum cuneu* (Conrad) . . . Cypricardlnia indenta Conrad Pterinea flabellum (Conrad) Gaitropoda Callonema beltatulum (Hall) Diaphorcitoma lineatum (Conrad) Diaphorostoma turbinatum (Hall) Igoreras conicum (Hall) Macrocheilut ip Platycerai attenuatum Hall Platycerat carinatum Hall T'ltyceras denulium Hall Platyceras dumosum Conrad Platyceras erectum Hall Platyceras sp Straparollus ctymentoides Hall Ptcropoda ^entaculites scalariformis Hall. Horixont Ostracoda Kloedenia manliensis ( ?) (Weller) Trilubita Chasmops anchiops (Green) Coronura myrmecophorus (Green) Hausmania concinna aerrulus (Hall and Clarke) Hausmai'^i phacoptyx Hall and Clarke Odontocephalus selenurus ^£aton) Phacops cristata Hall Phacops cristata pipa Hall and Clarke Proetus crassimarginatus Hall Proetus rowi (Green) Pisces Macropetalichthys rapheidolabia ( ?) (Norwood and Owen) X I X X I X I * X i X i .. X I X •7 That the Springvale sandstone is but a local fades of the lower part of the Onondaga limestone, is quite evident from the fauna winch it contains. A mere casual comparison of this fauna with that of the Oriskany brings out the most mar! ed differences. As already pointed out. the cause of confusion between t s deposit and the Oriskany must have been the marked similanty of :,ne two sandstones and their corresponding hori- ions: while the supposed mingling of the Oriskany and Onondaga faunas must have resulted from a lack of proper care in collecting This may have happened by relying too much on the work of the unateur collector. At any rate it is certain that rarely does one find a greater difference between the life of two ages, re- latively near together, than that which exists between the faunas of the Oriskany and the Springvale sandstones. This is still more clearly brought out by the fauna of the beds exposed on Mr. John Winger's farm, which is located about one-half mile to the west of the village of Springvale and is on lot 5, conces- sion XIV, township of Walpole. The follo^7ing is a section of the outcrop and small quarry at that locality. Section of John Winger's Quarry and the Hill-slope Above. Onondaga Umestone Feet Inches 4. Cherts and cherty, grey limestone weathering out over the hill-side. The upper part con- tains an abundance of corals which are chiefly of the compound type 15 3. Arenaceous cherts weathering out in the field above the quarry 6 Arenaceous, grey limestone which becomes chiefly sand ii the lower part 1 ^ (Springvale sandstone) 1 . Yellowish to white, coarse sandstone containing hard masses resembling quartzJte. These layers are best exposed in the quarry face located along the terrace-like ledge near the "orth end of the lot 5 ^ 7 88 The following are the more oommon foMuU found in the rocks expoeed on the John Winger place. Anthotoa 1 Acrophyllum ootklMMC (BilUngt) Bothrophyllum dccortkatum Billing* ChonoMtgitM clappi MilM-Edwsrdi and Haime. . CUdopora cryptoden* (BiUingi) Cladopora espatiata Rominger CladofMra frandad Davii Ckdupora labioM (BUlingt) Cladopora pinguia Rominger Cladopora robuata Romingtr CladofMra turgida Rominger Cyatiphyllum aggregatum Billing* Cystiphyllum aulcatum Billinp x Cyatiphyllum vciiculoaum Goldfuaa x Eridophyllum coUcgatum (Billing*) Eridophyllum vemuiUianum Milne-Edward* anc* Haime Favoaite* baaalticu* Goldfua* Favoaite* canadcnaia (Billing*) i . Favoaite* emmonsi Rominger x Favoaite* epidermatua Rominger | Favoaite* goodwini Davia Favoaite* limitari* Rominger Favoaite* tuberoMi* Rominger Favoaitea turbinatu* Billing* Favoaite* ' inchelli Roiiunger Heiiophyllum comiculum (Lciueur) x Heliopbyllum exiguum Billing* x Hsiiophyllum halli Milne-Edward* and Haime x Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny) Michelinia favoaitoidea Billing* Phillipaastrea giga* Owen Phillip*aitrca verrilli Meek Pleurodictyum problematicum ( ?) Goldfua* Synaptonhyllum rimcoenae (Billing*) Syrin<»-. -t-a hiiingeri Billing* Sy yn perelegan* Billing* Zaphrentia gigantea Leeueur Zaphrenti* nodulosa Rominger Zaphrentia prolifica Billing* Horiaona 3 HoriaoM HydroKM StrMMtoporclU gnnuUia Niclioi«Mi . BiyotM CyModictya gUtMrti (Meek) HadtnlU cmmdciiiU (Nkhoiioa) . laotryp* conjunctiva (Hall) Monotryp* tcnub (Hall) Polypora rob«rdi and Haime Favoaitet cmmoiui Rominger Favositea epidermatua Rominger Favoaitea limitarU Rominger Favoaitea radidformia Rominger Favoaitea turbinatua Billinga Heliophyllum annulatum Hall Heiiophyllum hatli Milne- Edwarda and Hainie. . Synaptophyllum aimcoenae (Billinga) Synaptophyllum atramineum (Billinga) Syringopora perelegana Billinga Zaphrentia gigantea Leaueur Zaphrentia proUfica Billinga Hydroioa Stromatoporella tuberculata Nichoiaou Brachiopoda Meriatella naauta (Conrad) Spirifer ap Stropheodonta demiaaa (Conrad) Strophonella ampla Hall Gaatropoda Platyceraa erectum Hall Horifona On Mr. Howard's land (lot 23, concession XI), along the highway to the southeast of the village, the creek ^ain cascades over a 6-foot outcrop of the fossiliferous, cherty, blue Onondaga limestone. Then on Mr. McPherson's land, at the south end of the same lot, a similar ledge of this limestone appears in the creek and a portion of it has been quarried along the banks where the following section is exposed. 99 Section of tk$ Old Quarry oh Mr. McPkerson's Land. 3. Soil and dnft g g Onondaga limestone 2. Grey to bluish limestone containing mottled grey chert 1 5 A rough, cherty, somewhat shaly, grey to blue limestone extending to the level of Nanti- coke creek 5 jq In these beds a fauna similar to that at the village of Rock- ford occurs. In fact it is very probable that the horizon is es- sentially the same in the two cases. The following is a list of the species found in the rocks exposed on Mr. McPherson's land. 1. ■ Horizons AnthoMa 1 2 Clwk^Mracryptodeni (BUUnga) Ctadopon UbioM (BilUngi) Cyttiphyllum venculosum Goldfui* X X X X X Fsvooitcs baialticiu GoIdfuM FavoHtea oervicornu MUne-Edwards and Haime Favoaites emmonsi Rominger. . . Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. . S jmaptophyllum simcoenae (Billingi) Sjrringopora nobilia Billings Syringopora perelegans BUIings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Zaphrentissp Bryoioa Fenestella sp Brachiopoda Rhipidomella vaniuemi Hall About 3 miles down the creek from Rockford, on lot 24, concesswn XIII, there is a very good outcrop of the Onondaga IM iff ; . tk -j =_ limettofw. ThU it within 2| mile* of the town of Jarvia. following it a Mcticn of the rocka expoted at that point. The Section of tkt Rocks Exposed Along NanHeoke Creek, 3 Miks Below Rockford. Feet Inches 5. Soil and drift 1 6 Onondaga limestone 4. Bluish grey, semi-crystalline limestone with much grey chert, the lower layers partly covered 8 .1. Compact, cherty, grey to bluish grey limestone weathering into thin irregular beds 3 9 2. A rather compact, bluish grey limestone con- taining a considerable quantity of grey chert 1 8 1 . Very cherty, grey limestone to the level of Nan- ticoke creek 6 4 The fauna of these beds shows them to belong in the middle portion of the formation where the abundance of corals is char- acteristic. The following is a list of the fossils found in the above section. Horisona AnthosM 1 2 3 4 Bothrophytlum decortkatum Billing! X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cladopora frandsci Davis Cladopora labiota (BiUingi) CvBtiDhvUum vcsiculosuin GoldfuM . ... 3t Fa voiitet baialticut Goldf um X ] t Favotites cervicornia Milne-Edwards and Haime. . . . Favoaitea emmontt Rominger Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Michelinia convexa (d'Orbifltnv) X X SvnaDtoDhvUuni atmcoense (Billinn) X SvrinffODora hisinflvri Billinffn X Zaphrentii gigaotea Letueur z 101 HydiMM StrofflatoporclU tp Bryotb FencMclla fp BracUopoda Atryp* rcticuiwi* (LiniM«tM) . . . . SchtllwienelU pandora (Billlnw), HofboM 2 J PORT DOVBK. Along the shore of Lake Eric rock frequently outcrops to within half a mile of Port Dov^r and. although th- section is usually small, a very interesting one may be found on lot 20, concession I. township of Woodhouse. This olace is about 3} miles to the east of town and shows the following section. Section Along the Lake Erie Shore J} Miles to the East of Port Dover. „ c ., .... f^*** Inches 4. Soil and drift 40 q Onondaga limestone 3. Grey limestone alternating with beds of grey chert 1 6 2. Grey chert and limestone with a pronounced gastropod fauna g 1 . Bluish grey limestone with alternating layers of grey chert and also pockets of chert. These layers extend to the level of Lake Erie 5 4 The fauna found in these limestones and cherts included the following forms. i; 102 41 % AnthoMS FkvoiitM tmmoMi Roffliiig«r F«VMltM turbinatiM BUItng* Romingarim umbtUUcn (BUIiogt) ZaphrratU gigantM L«MMur Zsphrmtii sp BryoMB Itotryp* coMimilia Hall Monotryp* ttnuit Hall Polypara btngonalia (Hall) Polypora tp PtUoporina dUpariUt (Hall and SimpMNi) Brachiopoda AnoplotlMca camilU (HaU) Athyrii vituu indianacnda Suuffcr Atrypa reticular^ (Limiaeua) Atrypa fpinoM HaU Camarotowhia bilUngri Halt Camarotoechia tetkyt (BUIingf ) ChonetM mucronatus Hall Cyrtina hamiltomtnsia Hall Delthyrif raricoau Conrad Eunella Itncklaeni HaU Leptaetia rhomboidalM (Wilckeiw) Meristella naauta (Conrad) Nucleotpira concinna HaU Pentamerelta arata (Conrad) Pholidoitrophia iowaenaU (Owen) Reticutaria fimbriata (Conrad) Rhipidomella livU (BilUngt) Rhipidomella vanuxemi HaU Schellwienella pandora (BilUngs) Schizophoria propinqua HaU Spirifer variconis HaU Stropheodonta concava Hall Strophcodonta demiMa (Conrad) Stropheodonta hemiipherica Hail Stropheodonta inequiradiata Hat> IM HoritoM Brachiopoda— CmM. Stropheodoiita patenoni titll Stropbcodonu perplana (Connul) . StrophonclU ampla Hall Pitwypoda Aet'iiopteria boydi (Conrad) , Coaocardium cuneui (Conrad) Microdon ip Modiomorpha conccntrica (Conrad) . Mytllarca percarinaU Whitfield Ptarinea flabellum (Conrad) Gattropoda Bellerophon newberryi Meek Bcllerophon pi-lopa Hall Bellerophon propinquui Meek Callooema bellutulum (Hall) Cyclonema crenulatum Meek Dentalium martini Whitfield Euryxone dublinensi* Stauffer Euryxone hyphantes (Meek) Euryione lucina fHall) Hormotoma deaiderata Hall Hormotoma maia (Hall) Lophospira adjutor (Hall) Loxonema laeviusculum Hall Loxonema pexatum Hall , . Loxonema pexatum obsolctum Hall Macrocheilua hebe (Hall) Naticopsia aequistriata Meek Naticapets laevis Meek Platycerat dumosum Conrad Pleuronotus decewi (BillinRs) Pleurotomaria inaolita Ij .[] Solenospira quadricannatus Stau£Fer. StraparoUus clymeiiioidej Hall StraparoUus corrugatus Suuffer a a X X X s X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pteropoda Coleolus creiutocinctus Hall. 104 Cepht. lopoda Ortaocerassp. . Poterioceras sp. Horizon* Trilobita I Dalmanites erina Hall ! Phacops crista ta Hall x -^w I Ui This is a representative of the remarkable gastropod fauna of a thin cherty zone in the Onondaga (Columbus) limestone of central Ohio, and especially well developed along Eversole Run' in Delaware county. There, as here near Port Dover, the specimens are mostly silicified and, as the chert in which they occur weathers to a chalky crumbly mass, the fossils may be obtained with the external surface well preserved. At the grist mill on the River Lynn, 1 mile to the north- west of Port Dover (lot 10, concession II, township of Wood- house), 4 or 5 feet of grey to bluish limestone outcrops. This exposure is chiefly in the bed of the stream and not easily col- lected from, but the following terms were found. Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Delthyris raricosta Conrad. Leptaena rhoniboidalis (Wilckens). Pentagonia unisulcata (Conrad). Pholidopb patina Hall and Clarke. Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad). Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Schizophoria propinqua Halt. Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad). Strophonella ampla Hall. ' Geol. Surv. of Ohio, 4th ser. Bull. 10, 1909, pp. 66-71. lOS Pelecypods Conocardtum cuneus (Conrad). Cephalopoda Orthocerai sp. Trilobita Phacops cristata Hall Westward from the eastern part of Norfolk county the drift thickens along the north shore of Lake Erie and our knowledge of the bed-rock in that direction is limited chiefly to such in- formation as may be derived from well records. In exploring that region for gas, numerous holes have punctured the bed- rock; but the records are seldom kept in detail and are often of little scientific value. PORT ROWAN. This town is located on the inner bay of Long point, and in a region where the drift is very thick. Although the bed- rock is thus too far below the surface to outcrop, a number of wells have recently penetrated it to a very considerable depth and brought to us a considerable amount of information in regard to It. The following is a record of a gas well drilled on Mr T L. Buck's lot. Record of Mr. J. L. Buck's Well on College Avenue. , _ , J Thickness Total 7. burface deposits. These are reported to be, in part, soft blue clay 303 Ft. 303 Ft. 6. Delaware and Onondaga limestones. Cherty limestone 257 " 560 " 5. Oriskany ? sandstone. A sharp, white s*nd 2 " 562 ' 4. Cayugan series and Niagara limestone. Limestone and dolomite 588 " 1 150 * 3. Rochester shale. Dark shale 100 " 1 ^250 * 2. Clinton beds 58 " 1 318 " ^Mm .Ml 106 Thickness Total 1. Medina formation. Red and grey shales with interbedded white sand- stone 132Ft. l,450Ft. In this well a strong flow of water was encountered in the Niagara, and gas in paying quantity was found in the Clinton and red Medina, but the thin stratum of arhite sandstone in the Medina was barren. LYNEDOCH. In March 1910 a well was drilled in the valley of Big creek about 4 miles to the south of Delhi. This well, of which the record is here given, reached a depth of over 1,400 feet and was located within the village of Lynedoch. Record of a Well at Lynedoch, Drilled in March 1910. Thickness Total 12. Drift and surface material 195 Ft 195 Ft. Delaware limestone 11. Black shale 10 " 205 " Onondaga limestone 10. Limestone 60 " 265 " 9. Shale and shaly limestone 140 " 405 « Onondaga limestone, including a portion of the Cayugan series. 8. Limestone 225 " 630 « Cayugan series 7. Shale and limestone 390 " 1,020 " Niagara (Lockport and Guelph) dolomitic limestone. 6. Dolomite or dolomitic limestone 240 " 1 , 260 " Rochester shale 5. Dark shale 55 « 1 ,315 " Clinton beds 4. Shaly limestone 21 " 1 ,336 Medina formation 3. Red shale 35 « 1,371 « 2. Blue shale 60 " 1 ,431 " 1. Redshale 10 « 1,441 « 107 In this well the Clinton yields gas, but the white sandstone of the Medina, which is usually productive, is absent. Regarding the portion of the record which is referred to the Onondaga, there may be some doubt as to the proper interpretation. The section seems to be rather unique in some respects, and yet the details are not definite enough to make a trustworthy interpretation possible. It is to be noted that the distance between the black shale and the top of the Medina, which is a red shale and easily recognizable, in this well is 1,131 feet and that the same interval m the Port Burwell record is 1,126 feet. This certainly suggests that there was probably not much difference in the conditions of sedimentation at these two localities, although the record of the Lynedock well shows a great mass of shale introduced where only limestone is expected. On the basis of this well alone, the interpretation might have been very different from that which is suggested above. The basal Devonian, which lies at the surface in the eastern part of Norfolk county, lies unuer 500 feet of other rock at Lyne- doch, 20 miles distant. The westward dip of the rock is, there- fore, approximately 25 feet per mile, since the surface elevation is relatively constant. ELGIN COUNTY SECTIONS. PORT BURWELL. A number of wells have been drilled in and about Port Burwell, which is located on the shore of Lake Erie near the southeastern corner of the county. ! .e following is the record of one which Mr. A. R. Grays diiiied, during 1911, on Mr. Weaver's farm along the lake shore one mile west of town. Record of the Well on Mr. Weaver's Farm, 1 mile West of Port BurweU. Thickness Total 8. Drift and surface material. The lower 35 feet is reported to be clay 287 Ft 287 Ft. Delaware limestone 7. Black shale 30 « 317 « ^ 108 Thickness Total Onondaga limestone and probably a portion of the Cayugan series. 6. Cherty limestone, reported as flint 280 Ft. 597 Ft. Cayugan series 5. Limestone and shale 490 " 1,087 « Niagara limestone 4. Limestone 270 « 1,357 « Rochester shale 3. Dark shale 60 " 1,417 " Clinton beds 2. Shale and limestone 26 « 1 ,443 " Medina beds 1. Red and blue arenaceous shales including also a thin layer of white sandstone ....112 " 1,555 " At Vienna, just a few miles to the north of Port Burwell, a limestone is encountered under 240 feet of dr . This is consideied to be, E-d probably is, the Onondagn limestone. Recent gas wel'- .-r Vienna have been heavy producers. PORT STANLEY. Alone: the lake at Port Stanley the high bluffs contain glaciated fragments of a fossiliferous black shale. The source of these drift boulders of shale was doubtless the bed-rock to the northeast and the presence of the following fauna indicates that the age is Marcellus, and hence a part of the Delaware limestone. Flora and Fauna of the Shale Fragments at Port Stanley. Sporansites bilobatus ? Dawson (a). Leiorhynchus laura ? (Billings) (a). Leiorhynchus limitare (Vanuxera) (a). Lingula ligea Hall (c). Martinia subumbona (Hall) (c). Orbiculoidea lodiensis (Vanuxera) (a). Orbiculoidea minuta Hall (c). Styliolina fissulella (Hall) (a). Prioniodus arniatus Hinde (r). > Hunt, T. Sterry, Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. Prog, from 1863-1866, p. 250. 109 A comparatively shallow well, drilled at this town a number of years ago, has the following record.' Record of Well Drilled at Port Stanley. Thickness Total *■ Drift 172 Ft. 172 Ft. 3. Black and brown shale 30 " 202 " 2. Light coloured shale 16 " 218 " 1. Limestone 80 " 298 " It is probable that the limestone at the bottom of this well is the Onondaga, but that the shales above belong in the Delaware. This black shale extends northward to London, Middlesex county, where some wells indicate its presence,^ while in others the Onondaga limestone appears to lie immediately beneath the drift. OXFORD CO UNT Y SECTIONS. TILLSONBURG. Considerable drilling has been done in the vicinity of Till- sonburg, but the records preserved are very poor. Dr. Hunt mentions 160 feet' of limestone, which is probably the Onondaga, lying under only 36 feet of drift. Along Big Otter creek, to the southwest of the city, the Onondaga is said to be overiain by 11 feet of soft Hamilton shale. This doubdess means that the basal Hamilton (Erian) or Delaware limestone, is also present and has been included with the Onondaga by the driller. WOODSTOCK. There are several small cjuarries and a few outcrops, ex- posing rocks belonging to the Onondaga limestone, along the south branch of the Thames river near Woodstock. Of these ' Brumell, H. P. H., Geol. Surv., Canada, Ann. Kept., vol. V, 1892, p. 49 Q. •Hunt, T. S., Op. cit., p. 249. • Hunt, T. Sterry, Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. of Prog, from 1863-1866, p. 2S0. I ^m no Mr. Wier's quarry on the west bank of the river, just opposite the Canadian Pacific Railway depot, is the most accessible and at the same time the most interesting. The following is a section of the Wier quarry. Section of the Wier Quarry. Feet Inches 4. Soil and drift 4 Onondaga limestone 3. Partly weathered, semi-crystalline, bluish grey limestone 8 Irregularly stratified, bluish grey limestone with bituminous films 2 Very cherty, bluish grey to brown limestone ex- tending to the river level 2 2 The rock at this place is quite fossiliferous; but the small amount of it exposed has made it impossible to obtain a very extensive fauna. The following is a list of the species found in the Wier quarry. 2. 1. Horizons Anthoxoa 1 2 3 Cladopora labiosa (Billings) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss X Favositefl basalticus Goldfuss X Favosites emmonsi Rominger Favosites polymorpha (Billings) Favosites turbiiiatus Billines Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings) X Syringopora hisingeri Billings Syringopora perelegans Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Hydrozoa Stromatoporella tuberculata Nicholson Bryozoa Feneatella sp Ill Horizons Brachiopoda 1 2 3 Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem) . . . 1 x Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia sp X X X X X X 1 X Meristetia nasuta (Con; ad) Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad) ... Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hail X X Spirifersp X Stropheodonta demisaa (Conrad) . . X Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall. ... Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneui (Conrad) Trilobita Phacops cristata Hall X Under the Grand Trunk bridge at the western limits of Wood- stock the Onondaga limestone is represented by a small outcrop of dark bluish to brown limestone which contains much bitu- minous matter. The following species were found at that place. Anthozoa Cladopora labiosa (Billings). Cystiphyllum veaiculosum Goldfuss. EridophyUum vernuiUianum Milne-Edwards and Haime. Favosites emmonsi Rominger. Favosites polymorpha (Billings). Favosites turbinatus Billings. Sytiaptophyllum simcoense (Billings). Syringopora hisingeri Billings. Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur. Hydrozoa Stromatoporella tuberculata Nicholson. Stromatoporella sp. ■r-m il2 Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularit (Linnaeui). Spirifer ip. Stropheodonta demiisa (Conrad). Stropheodonta inequistriati (Conrad). Strophonella ampla Hall. At the Rapson quarry, on the east bank of the river about a quarter of a mile bi-low the Grand Trunk bridge, nearly 3 feet of cherty, bluish grey limestone is exposed above the river level, while about 5 or 6 feet more are usually covered by water. A small amount of collecting yielded tho following fossils. Anthozoa Acervularia rugoaa Milne- Edwards and Haime. Cladopora labiosa (Billings). Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss. Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne-Edwards and Haime. Favosites baaatticus Goldfuss. Favosites emmonsi Rominger. Favosites turbinatus Billings. Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings). Syringopora hisingeri Billings. Syringopora perelegans Billings. Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur. Hydrozoa Stromatoporclla sp. Byrozoa Fenestella sp. Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Pentamerella arcita (Conrad). Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad). Spirife.- sp. Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall. Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad). Gastropoda Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad). 113 The quarries at Beachville. a few miles down the river from Woodstock, are in the Detroit River series which then- form an inlier within the area covered by the Onondaga liitiestone PERTH COUNTY SECTION. ST. MARYS. Several large quarries are located in and near St. Marys, while the Devonian limestones outcrop along the Thames river which flows through the cif for some distance l«th up and down stream. The quarries of the Standard White Lime Com- pany, m the eastern part of St. Marys, are in Silurian rock which seems to form an inlier within the Devonian. The large quar- ries in the western and southwestern parts of the citv, however, are in the Devonian. This proximity of quarries in rocks of such widely differing ages is the more remarkable when it is pointed out that the Silurian quarries are located on somewhat higher ground than that occupied by those in rocks of the middle Devonian. The explanation of this unusual occurrence is to bt found in the rock structure. Running nearly north and south through the city there is a rather pronounced anticlinal or mono- dinal fold (see Plate VII) which brings up the Silurian to the east and drops the De\onian to the west. The Thames river cuts into the side of this fold so that at the dam near the Queens Street bridge the dip is up stream, while a quarter of a mile below the bridge the dip is down stream. The excellent artesian wells which supply St. Marys with such a quantity of good water, may depend on this same structure. One of the important Devonian sections at St. Mar>'s is to be found at the Horseshoe quarry in the southwestern part of the city. The rocks exposed at that place dip strongly to the westward and at the east end of the pit they turn up sharply and then become neariy horizontal (see Plates VII and VIII). ^ 114 Section of Ike Rocks Exposed in Ike Horseskoe Quarry, St. Marys. Feet Inches 10. Soil and drift 4 Delaware limestone 9. A blue to brownish limestone with many fossils 7 8. A bluish brown limestone alternating with bands of compact, brown, shaly limestone, which is crowded with fossils S 10 7. Bluish, compact limestone like that below but with shaly partings 4 8 6. A persistent parting of brown shale i 5 A very compact, bluish limestone which passe* downward into a semi-crystalline, bluish grey limestone. Beds from 8 to 14 inches in thickness 10 4. Rather massive beds of blue to bluish grey limestone with bituminous contacts 2 6 Onondaga limestone 3. A bluish grey, semi-crystalline limestone con- taining carbonaceous films 2 6 2. Rather massive layers of semi-crystalline, grey limestone full of fossils. A little below the middle of these beds is a conspicuous coral horizon in which petroleum is frequently en countered 3 6 1. Massive beds of grey limestone brought up at the east end of the quarry by the monoclinal fold. These beds often appear more or less leached and furnish a constant supply of running water 6 10 The fauna collected from these rocks includes the following species. lis HoriMns =» RhiMpocia 1 2 3 4 1 s 6 7 8 9 C»lckphMrt robunu WillUmton . X . ( . . . .1.. Anthoto* CyMiphyllum veiiculotum GoldfuH . . x 1 X ...',. 1 FavotitM turbinatui Billingi ... X . Hdlophyllum corniculum (Lctiwur) • • . X 1 . . 1 i Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwarda and H«ime - > J - Hydroioa Struiiiutoporella granutata NkJtolton X X X . . 1 J, j 1 Bryozoa Cyttodictya gilbert! (Meek) i 1 1 1 ! 1 ) ' I !■■ Cyitodictya hamUtonenie Ulrich Feneatella sp !■■■ Fittulipora sp i. . . ... X ' .... Brachiopoda Ambucoelia umbonata (Conrad). . 1 j 1 1 . .".' A' "vTis vituta Hall V 1 Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) x X X Atrypa spinoaa Hall Camarotoechia Carolina Hall x X •■■| Camarotoechia tethys (Billings) . . x 1 Chonetes deflectus Hall . . . .. .|. . 1 t V X Chonetes lepidua Hall 1 i Chonetes mucronatus Hall X 1 * 1 Chonostrophia reversa (Whitfield) x X X X Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall x Delthyris consobrina (d'Orbigny) . . . ■■ Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilcltens) x X X 1 1 X X X Martinia maia (Billings) X Martinia subumbona (Hall) Pentamerella arau (Conrad) . . X ... i Pholidops patina Hall and Clarke X • ■ 1 Phohdostrophia iowaensis (Owen) .... x X • ... X 116 HorUoM Bnchiopoda— CMiirf. PrrwIuctsllA aninulimstA Hall 1 2 X X 3 4 5 6 7 1 a X 9 s X X Snirifer dundenariui (Hall) . . X * * X X Soirifer macrui Hall . X X X ... ... s Soirifer varicoaui Halt X X X X X X ... X X X Strophcodonta dcmiMa (Conrad) StrnnliMidrtnta hprnlanhftrlra Halt X X X X X Pel«cypoda Artlnnntn^A hovcH fConrad) . . . X X « 1 X X Gastropoda Platyceras dumosum Conrad | x t ( X V X X X X ! Pteropoda 1 Cephalopoda 1 X 1 i 1 . . .1- . . Trilobita PhacoDS cristata. Halt X i 1 1 1 X 1 i 'I 117 Another important opening in the Devonian at St. Maryt , ""o^" *• '•'" Thamet quarry (tee Plate IX). It in located ^ong the Canadian Pacific railway near the southcant bank of the river and haf .poaed the following aection. Section of the Thames Quarry at Si. Marys. Feet 10. Soil and drift 10 Delaware limestone 9. Bluish brown limestone with layers more or 1cm shaly and separated by soft shaly partir'gs . . 8 8. A thin but persistent shaly layer 7. Hard layers of blue limestone with some shaly partings 2 6. A parting of brown shale, rather persistent . . 5. Rather compact, semi-crystalline, blue lime- stone becoming a very compact, bluish drab limestone at the top. Beds 8 to 14 inches in thickness but often breaking into 3 to 6 inch irregular layers 9 4. A blue limestone, hard, compact, and brittle. It is semi-crystalline, h.->.s bituminous con- tacts, and is quite fossiliferous 2 Onondaga limestone 3. A semi-crystalline, blue limestone with a dark blue to almost black carbonaceous material at the contacts 2 2. Bluish grey, semi-crystalline limestone with several species of corals abundant near the bottom. This rock is very fossiliferous and petroleum occurs abundantly in the cavities of the fossils 3 1. Grey limestone, inclined to be massive, usu- ally covered by water and forming the deepest part of the quarry at the pumps 6 Inches 6 1 10 Mi 118 The following fossils were found in the rocks at the Thames quarry, St. Marys. Horizons Anthozoa 1 2 X X 3 4 s 6 j 7 8 9 Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and X 1 1 X Biyozoa 1 X \ \ 1 X i Brachiopoda Ambocofrlia. umHonata ^Conrad) . . i X ... T ■ ' T ■ ■ " Athvria vittata (Halli ...... . 1 X 1 X X I X X X Camarotfiwhia tpthvs (Billinffs) =< X Chonetpfl Hpflertim Hall X X X X X ... X X X Cvrtina hamiltonensis Hall X Cyrtina umbonata alpenaensis Hall and Clarke j X X r!r X X X X X X X Nfaninia siibumbona (HalH 1 X PholidostroDhia lowaensis (Owen) X X X X X X X X X X X Soirifer macrus Hall X X X X X ; X X X StronhalrMia truncata fHalH X Strooheodonta concava Hall . . . X Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) X X X X X X ' ^_ 119 Pelecypoda Aviculor cf;n sp Co- ,< :ur;!:i;.v. ounct"* (Conrad) Horizons -i-i '. . .1 X 1 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 -7 Gr. ii-.mysia bisulcata : <_ inrad) i i i \l N; s! nondaga limestone as not to be readily distinguished from it."i In Ohio the Delaware limestone with which these Ontario deposits are identified, is now usually considered as belonging in the Hamilton', but it is rather the Hamilton group or the older usage of that name, which is there adhered to. The term Erian has now largely replaced the Hamilton in th..t sense and the older is used in a much more limited way. The basal portion of the Delaware of Ohio is often composed of a brown shale which carries fossils nearly as distinctive of the Marcellus as are those of the deposits referred to as occurring near Selkirk It seems evident, therefore, that all of these beds are of relatively the same age and that they begin at essentially the same horizon. "^^y "^ ™ore or less transitional between the Onondaga and ' Hartnagel. C. A.; N.Y. State Museum, Handbook 19, 1912. pp. 64. 65. Geol. Surv. of Ohio, BuU. 10, 1909, pp. 19, 20, 176. 177. ^^ a 138 the true Hamilton beds and it is hardly probable that they terminated at the same time in these rather distant portions of the old middle Devonian sea. The more comprehensive fauna found in these beds in Ontario is evidence which seems to bear out this statement. WINGHAlf. This town is located at the junction of the north and south branches of the Maitland river and only about 4 miles from the north line of Huron county. It is on the eastern border of the Detroit River series inlier or island already mentioned and ap- parently is underlaid by rocks of that age. Beginning a short distance to the east of Wingham and extending northward to some point about halfway between the villages of Greenock and Chepstowe, is a mass of rock which differs radically from anything else belonging to the Devonian of southwestern Ontario. It is a massive, rough, semi-crystal- line, grey limestone which seems to show no bedding. It is cracked and checked like newly burned lime, and does not seem to be uniformly soluble as is suggested by the holes and cavities appearing on the weathered surface. The fauna of this limestone isquite varied, but a close examination of the face of a cliff in a favourable locdity, such as Formosa, soon reveals the fact that it is almost a solid mass of stromatoporoids and the fragments that have wasted from the reefs built by these organisms. Dwel- ling in among the hydrozoans were occasional corals and the numerous other forms of life, such as crustaceans, mollusks, brachiopods, etcetera, which are usually attracted to places of abundant food supply. The thickness of this mass of rock is not definitely known, but as much as 40 feet occurs in the cliffs below the falls of the Teeswater river and it probably does not greatly exceed that amount. The width of the area covered by this deposit is also more or less obscure, but it seems to be much less than its length, thus giving the whole an elongate elliptical form. Just west oi the area covered by this mass of rocks, drift boulders derived from it are scattered over the surface in abun- dance. At some places one could walk over several acres of land by stepping from one boulder to another. 139 The 8outhernino6t known outcrop of this massive Devonian hmestone ,s to be found on lot 20, concession VIII. township^ Turnberry where it rises SJ feet above the north hrJchoUhl Maitland nver. Here H shows the usual rough, massive grey hmestone w.th no real bedding visible and cut by iVregular'S The followmg are the abundant fossil forms occurring in it. Anthoioa Cladopora labiosa (Billings). Cystiphyllura vesiculosum GoldfuM. Diphyphyllum »p. Favoaites alpenaensis Winchell. Favosites billingsi Rominger. Favosttes limitaris ( ?) Rominger. Favosites turbinatus Billings. Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Synngopora intermedia ( ?) Nicholson. Zaphrentis prolifica Billings. Hydrozoa Stromatopora monticulifera Winchell. Stromatopora pustulifera Winchell. Stromatoporella granulate Nicholson. Bryozoa Polypora hexagonalis ( ?) (Hall). Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Camarotoechia prolifica Hall. Camarotoechia sappho Hall. Camarotoechia sp. Craniella hamiltoniae Hall. Meristella barrii Hall Pentamerella arai„ ( ?) Hall Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Spirifer divaricatus Hall. Spirifer macrus Hall. Spirifer sp. Stropheodonu inaequistriata (Coniad). Stropheodonu perplana (Conrad). 140 Pelccypoda Aviculopecten pecteniformii (Conrad). Conocardium normale Hmll. Grammyiia ip. Modiomorphia tp. Mytalarca tp. Nucuta ip. Pterinca flabellum (Connd). Gaitropoda Bdlerophon Ip. Euomphalui planodiicut Hall. Hormotoma maia ( ?) Hall. Loxonema sp. Pleurotomaria plena Hall. Strophoatylas varians ( ?) Hall. Cephalopoda Cycloetomiceras metula ( ?) (Hall). Poterioceras clavatum ( ?) (Hall). Poterioceras sp. Ryticeras sp. Spyrocerai nuntium (Hall). Spyroceras thoas ( ?) (Hall). Trilobiu Proetiu craaaimarginatus ( ?) Hall. Proetus microgemma ( ?) Hall. As will be seen from the above list, this fauna resembles the Onondaga in some respects. Those doubtfully referred to forms belonging in that formation, however, probably are new species. The state of preservation of much of the material collected made it uncertain whether such forms were distinct or not. 141 BRUCE COUNTY SECTIONS. BEUIORB. Along the Teeswater river in southeastern Culross and southwestern Carrick townships, about 2 miles to the north and northwest of the village of Belmore, there are some good lTZ^° *t-? ''^'^ T^^'' '™'''°"*- At the old sawmill and the I'me-kilns on the township line to north, the limestone stands .n chffs 30 to 40 feet high, while on lot 4. concession III! Culross township, the nver drops over a ledge of this rock pro- duong what >s known as the falls of the Teeswater. In the sides of the more or less rock bound valley below there are very good outcrops showing nearly 40 feet of the Devonian, and in a rough T A ^ • ""i*?' ""' '°* '^'°* **'^' °" *hich the falls occur, the underlymg dolomites are occasionally shown. These are some- times at an elevation of as much as 30 feet above nearby out- crops of Hamilton rocks and thus indicate the extent of the uneveness of the pie-Hamilton surface. On lot 5. concession IV. an old rock gorge occurs where steep cliffs of Devonian limestone outcrop. In all of these places the rock is the same massive. grey limestone which wasdescribed for the locality near Wingham. TTie whole area covered by it is. in fact, one great stiomato- poroid reef witii httie or no division into faunal zones. Owing to the massiveness of the rock and the poor preservation of the foMils obtoinable. its study is attendeH witii considerable diffi- tll J ^°»o*>n8 « a list of tiie forms collected at the falls oJ the Teeswater. Anthozoa CyBtiphyllum venculosuin GoldfuM. Favoaites alr^naensis Winchell. Favoaites billingti Rominger. Favoaites clauaua Rominger. Favodtea Umitaria ( ?) Rominger. Favoaites radiatua Rominger. Pavositea turbtnatua Billinga. HeUophyUum halli MUne-Edwarda and Haime. Zaphrentia prtdifica Billinga. ^LMi 142 Hydi StroflMtoporetla monticulifera WiachcU. BryoKM. Polypora ip. Brachiopoda. Atrypa reticularis (LinnMui). Cyrplonella planirottrit Hall. Cyrtina biplicdia ( ?) Hall. Cyrttna hamiltoneniit Hall, Nucleo«pira concinna Hall. Pentamerella arau ( ?) Hall. Rcticularia fimbriata (Conrad). Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Schizophoria ftriatul (Schlotheim). Schellwienrlla perversus (Hall). Spirifer divaricatut Hall. Spirifer macrut Hall. Spirifer sp. Stropheodonta concava Hall. Stropheodonta inaequistriata (Conrad). Pelecypoda Aviculopecten ap. Conocardium normale Hall. Conocardium ohioensis (Conrad). Pterinea fiabellum (Conrad). Gaatropoda Betlerophon ip. Lophoipira adjutor (Hall). Loxonema sp. Pleurotomaria sp. Cephulopoda Clostomiceras metula ( 7) (Hall). Poterioceras raphanus (Hall). Poterioceras sp. Spyroceras nuntium (Hall). Spyroceras thoas ( ?) (Hall). Trilobitii Phac ps sp. Proetus crassimarginatus ( ?) Hall. Proetus microgemma ( ?) Hall. 143 FORMOSA. Thtt village is located on the line between Carrick and CuIroM townthipt, about 8 miles to the north of Belmorc. It IB in a rather deep valley excavated by a tributary to the Tee«- water river and an excellent outcrop of the mawive Devonian hmestone occurs within the village. Although there is a total of not more than 27 feet of this rock exposed at Formosa, it is undoubtedly the best of all the outcropr of this phase of the Devonian. The reef structure is shown to good advantage and the fossils are somewhat more accessible than at many of the other outcrops. While the fauna of this limestone is hardly to be considered a diminutive one, it is a noticeable fact that the specimens of Brachiopoda and Mollusca most frequently found are much under the usual adult size. Many of the fossils are merely cavities, more or less altered by solution or partly filled by crystals of calcite. Nevertheless, some very fine specimens may be obtained and in the fresher parts of the rock many of them are well preserved, but often difficult to obtain. The fol- lowing fauna was collected at Formosa. Anthowa Cbdopora roemeri (Billingi). Cyitiphytlum veticulosum GotdfuM. Diphyphyllum sp. Favosites alpenaeniis Winchell. Favosites billingsi Rominger. Favoutet clausus Rominger. Favosites limiuris ( ?) Rominger. Favosites radiatus Rominger. Favosites radiciformis Rominger. Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Syringopora crassata ( ?) Winchell. Zaphrentis prolifica Billings. Hydroxoa Stromatopora monticulifera Winchell. Stromatopora piutulifera Winchell. Stromatoporella granulata Nicholson. Stylodictyon columnare Nicholson. ^•feL 144 11 =:lf VwmM Spirorbis omphalodM Goldf um. ByrotM v' atodictya hamittoneiui* Ulrich. '.. itodictya inciaurata (Hall). 'r iMtelU ip. h errlU filiformii (Billingt). H< /pora celiipora ( ?) Hall. '''>l>pora hcju'{onali« ( ?) Hall. t •lotrypa lamiltonenaia (Nicholaon). ^ vuiopoda \< ../ '■> u, umbonata (Conrad). 4. l.>i. ora Hall. A hyri . .1.1 ularis (Linnaeui). Camarordrchia prolifica Hall. CamarotcKchia sappho Hall. Camarotoerhia tethys (Billinga). Craniella hainiltoniae Hall. Cryptonella ptaniroatrii Hall. Cyrtina hamiltoneniia Hall. Eunella linckleani Hall. Gypidula comis ( ?) (Owen). Gypidula romingeria ( ?) Hall and Clarke. Leiorhynchus laura (Billing*). Leiorhynchui myaia ( ?) Hall. Leiorhynchus fp. Meri.itella barriai Hall. Nucleospira concinna Hall. Pentamerella arata ( ?) (Conrad). Pentamerella paviliioneniia Hall. Productella spinulicosta Hall. Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad). Rhipidomella cyclas ( ?) Hall. Schizophoria ttriatula (Schlotheim). Spirifer divaricatu* Hall. Spirifer macrua Hall. Spirifer ap. Stropheodonta inaequiatriata (Conrad). Stropbeodonta pateraoni Hall var. Stropheodonu perplana (Conrad). 145 Pelecypod* ActinopterU boydl (Conrsd). Avtculopcctcn tp. Conocardium eunmw ( i) (Conrad). Conocardium nomwlc Hall. Gonlophora hamiltoneiuii Hall. Grammyaia cunaaM ( ?) Hall. Macrodon lMmiltoiil*e HaO. Mytalarca sp. NyaMa rrrta Hall. Pterinea flabcllum (Conrad). Ptcrinopcctan intcrmcdiua ( ?) Hall. Gaatrapoda Belleroplioa ip. Bcmbcxia iukomartinau (Conrad). Callonema ap. Cyclonema hamiltAniae Hall. Euomphalus pUnodlicut Hall. Hormotoma maia ( ?) Hall. Hormotoma micula Hall. Loxonema delficola Hall. Loxonema laeviuaculum HalL PUtyceraa carinatum Hall. Platycerai erectum Hall. Pleurotomaria rotalia Hall. Pleurotomaria ip. Straparollus «p. Pteropoda Hyolithea aclis Hall. Cephalopoda Poteriocerat ap. Ryticerai citum ( ?) (Hall). Ryticerat cf. trivolve (Conrad). Spyrocerat crotalum (Hall). Spyroceraa nuntium (Hall.) Spyrocerag thoas ( ?) (Hall). Tornocerat unianculare (Conrad). Trochocerai ip. 4f Til 146 Oitracod* Leperditia ( ?) tubrotunda Ulrich. Trilobiu Phaethonidea varicella Hall var. Proetus crassimarginatui ( ?) Hall Proetus microgemma ( ?) Hall. Proetus rowi (Green). In the highway between concessions X and XI, about 2) miles to the southwest of the village, there is an outcrop of the same thickness of this limestone where essentially the same fauni may be found. Another even more important outcrop occurs at Bruder's lime-kiln where Beaver creek crosses the town- ship line 2J miles north of Formosa. A great mass of the rock stands in the highway and lai^e blocks of it have slipped part way down the slopes making a most picturesque and striking appearance (see Plate XI). The contact of this limestone with the underlying Detroit River dolomite is also well shown at Bruder's lime-kiln (see Plate XII). Section at Bruder's Lime-kiln, 2\ Miles North of Formosa. Hamilton beds (Alpena limestone) 4. Massive, rough, semi-crystalline, grey lime- stone with an abundant fauna in which stromatoporoids are dominant. These beds lie unconformably on the uneven surface of the Silurian 32 Detroit River series 3. Buff to ash coloured dolomitic limestone which is quite soft and somewhat irregularly bed- ded. These beds are also quite fossiliferous. 2 2. Massive, brown dolomitic limestone 5 1. Covered interval to the level of Beaver creek.. 18 Feet Inches 6 4 6 147 The following fauna was collected from the Devonian portion of the above section. Anthozoa Cystiphyllum vettculMum GoldfuM. Diphyphyllum ip. Favcwites billingsi Rominger. Favorite* limitarii ( ?) Rominger. Favorites radiatus Rominger. Favorites turbinatus Billings. Heliophytlum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Michelinia sp. Syringopora crassau ( ?) Winchell. Syringopora intermedia Nicholson. Zaphrentis proliGca Billings. Hydrasoa Stromatopora monticulifera Winchell. Stromatopora pustulifera Winchell. Stromatoporella granulau Nicholson. Bryozoa Cystodictya hamiltonenris Ulrich. Fenestella sp. Brachiopoda Athyris vittata Hall. Athyris sp. Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Camarotoechia tethys (Billings). Eunella lincklaeni Hall. Gypidula romingeria ( ?) Hall and Clarke. Leiorhynchus sp. LepUena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). Meristella barriri Hall. Pentamerella araU ( ?) (Conrad). Pentamerella pavillionensis Hall. Productella spinulicosta Hall. Rhipidomella cyclas ( ?) Hall. Schellwienella perversus (Hall). Schisophoria striatula (Schlotheim). Spirifer sp. Stropheodonu inaequistriau (Conrad). Stropheodonu perplana (Commd). Stropheodonta sp. 148 u Pelecypoda Conocardium nomiale Hall. Gastropoda Callonema sp. Euomphalus planodiscui Hall. Loxonema delphicola Hall. Macrochilina hebe Hall. Platycerai carinatum Hall. Pleurotomaria filitezu Hall. Pleurotomaria ap. Trepospira rotalia Hall. Cephalopoda Poterioceras conradi ( ?) (Hall). Poterioceras «p. Spyroceras nuntium (Hall). Spyroceraa thnaa ( ?) (Hall). Trilobita Phaethonides varicella Hall var. Proetua craasiinargiiiatus ( ?) Hall. Proetui microgemma ( ?) Hall. Preotus row! (Green). As has been indicated, this mass of limestone is, in every respect, unique among the outcropping formations of Ontario. Certain aspects of its fauna bear a marked resemblance to that of the purer portion of the Onondaga limestone. Sir William Logan evidently considered it as Onondaga, for he says that "escarpments of twenty to thirty feet of the (Comiferous) lime- stone, run through the west half of Carrick, and are said to ex- tend southward into Howick."' A careful study of this lime- stone and its fauna, however, reveals a preponderance of Hamil- ton forms and makes even the identification of those referred to Onondaga species seem less certain. A failure to find similar deposits elsewhere within the province led to an investigation of the Devonian rocks across the lake at Alpena, Michigan, and > Logan, Sir William, Geology of Canada, 1863, p. 371. 149 there in the middle of the Hamilton beds (Traverse group) the same massive, grey limestone, often in great stromatoporoid reefs, occurs with essentially the same fauna. This is that portion of the Traverse group of Michigan which Dr. Grabau has called the Alpena limestone.' It undoubtedly covered a large area m Bruce and Huron counties at some former time and reprints a period of eastward spreading of the sea which oc- cupied the Michigan basin,' for during the eariier Devonian, and at some places even well into the Hamilton, this region was certainly land. It is a noticeable fact that whenever the Hamilton 18 represented by limestone, there its fauna resembles more neariy the older Onondaga fauna, as if there were a tendency to revert to those ancestral forms. Northward from Formosa the middle Hamilton limestone soon disappears, but the Devonian is there represented by the Onondaga limestone, which was either never deposited in the Formosa region or was removed by the pre-Alpena limestone erosion period. CARGILL. This town is located on the Teeswater river on the line between Greenock and Brant townships. On lot 25, conces- sion A. Greenock township, and northward even as far as Pinker- ton, there are good outcrops of the Onondaga limestone. At the first named locality the following section occurs. Section Along the TeesvxUer at Car gill. A CI J J r ^^^ Inches 4. Soil and dnft 4 q Onondaga limestone 3. Grey to brown, bituminous limestone with an abundance of grey to white chert in alternate beds. The bedding is irregular and rather *''*" 20 6 'Grabau. A. W.. Ann. Kept. G«ol. Surv. Mich, for 1901 (1902). pp. 175. etc. "^"^ pla. XIV an^XV ^" ^^'' ^""'' °' °*''°' *'*" *"' """" '°' ^^' "P" *"' "'* M^^ 150 Feet Inches 2. Covered with talus from the overhanging beds of the preceding zone 3 1. Grey to brown limestone with some chert, to the level of the Teeswater river 1 From the Cargill section the following fauna was collected. Antboxoa Bothrophytlum decorticatum Billings Cladopora cryptodens (Billingt) Cladopora turgida Rominger Cyatiphyllura venculMum Goldfuss DiphyphyUum ip Eridophyllum veinuillianum Milne- Edwards and Haime , Favosite8bas..lticus Goldfuss Favoaites emmonsi Rominger Favosttes limitaris Rominger Favorites winchelli Rominger Favosites sp Heliophyilum corniculum (Lesueur) Heliophyllum exiguum Billings Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny) Pleurodictyum proUematicum Goldfusa Syringopora hisingeri Billings Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Zaphrentis prolifica Billings Zaphrentis sp Bryozoa Semicoacinium hindei ( ?) (Nicholson) . Fenestella sp Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem) . Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Camarotoechia billingsi Hall Camarotoechia Carolina Hall Camarotoechia tethys (Billings) . . Centronella glansfagea Hall Horixons s s X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 151 Horixoiu Brachiopoda— CmM. Chonete* hetnisphericus Hall Chonetes lineatus (Conrad) Chonetes mucronatus Hall Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens) MeristelU nasuu (Conrad) Pentamerella arau (Conrad) Rhipidonkella vanuxemi Hall Schellwienella pandora (Conrad) Spirifer divaricatut Hall Spirifer duodenarius (Hall) Stropheodonta demiasa (Conrad). . . Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad) . . Strophonella ampla Hall Pelecypoda Concardium cuneus (Conrad) Modiomorpha concentrica (Conrad). Paracyclaa elliptica Hall Plethomytilus ponderoiua Hall Pterinea Babellum (Conrad) X X X X X X X .\ X X X X Gastropoda Bellerophon pelops Hall Callonema lichas Hall Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad) . Euryione hyphantes (Meek) Hormotoma maia (Hall) Loxonema pexatum Hall X X X X X Pteropoda Coleolus crenatocinctua Hall Cephalopoda Orthoceras pelop* Hall Orthoceras sp Ortracoda Bythocypri s ip II ■i^k 152 Horuont TrilobiU 1 3 Chasmopa anchiopi (Green) X Lichat hylaeui ( ?) Hall and Clarke Phacops crisuu Hall Phacops rana (Green) Proetus rowi (Green) Piar^^s Macropeulichthys rapheidolabia Norwood and Owen X 1 This fauna will be readily recognized as that of the basal portion of the Onondaga limestone and essentially the same as that found in the vicinity of Hagersville and Ridgemount. PORT ELGIN. About 6 miles to the southwest of Port Elgin along the Lake Huron shore, on concession II, Saugeen township, there is a low outcrop of cherty, grey to brownish limestone carrying the Onondaga fauna. These beds extend out under the lake forming the rock bottom to a considerable expanse of shallow water, and indications are that these same beds continue south- ward along the shore for a distance of 3 or 4 miles. Even at Baie du Dor6 loose blocks of Onondaga limestone occur along the shore and formerly supplied the rock for a small lime-kiln. Perhaps the submerged rock ledges at that point contain beds of the same age. From the submerged layers on concession II, Saugeen township, the following fauna was collected. Anthozoa Favoeites baaalticus Goldfuss. Favosites emmonsi Rominger. Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Syringopora hisingeri Billings. Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur. Bryotoa Cystodictya gilbert! (Meek). Fenestella parallela Hall. 153 Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongau (Vanuxem). Anoplia nucleata Hall. Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Camarotoechia tethys (Billings). Centronella glansfagea Hall. Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Delthyris raricosu Conrad. Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilclcens). Meristella nasuta (Conrad). Nucleospira concinna Hall. Pholidostrophia iowaensis (Owen). Rhipidometla vanuxemi Hall. Schellwienella pandora (Billings). Spirifer ducdenarius (Hall). Stropheodonta demisaa (Conrad). Stropheodonu hemispherica Hall. Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Comad). Paracyclaa elliptica Hall. Gastropoda Oiaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad). Platyceras sp. Trilobiu Phacops crisuta Hall. Proetus rowi (Green). The rocks outcropping at this place are very fossiliferous ; but the limit to the number of species obtained was determined by the difficulties of collecting from solid bed-rock under 2 feet of water. From the higher layers on the shore, now apparently covered, Logan obtained a few additional species. A sufficient fauna was obtained, however, to prove the horizon to be identical with that at Cargill and elsewhere to the southwest, viz., the lower part of the Onondaga limestone. Somewhat higher beds are to be found about a mile inland from the lake, especially on concessions I of Saugeen and XIV of Bruce townships where the Onondaga limestone forms a flat surface outcrop over a very considerable area, although it is ik. 154 generally covered by a thin sod. Just south of the line between the above named townships, the following fauna was found. Anthoioa Bothrophyllum decorticatum Bitlingi. Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne-Edwards and Halme. Favoaitea emmonsi Rominger. FavoaitM hemisphericui (Trooat). Favoaitea timitaria Rominger. Favoaites winchelli Rominger. Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwarda and Haime. Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny). Philtipaaatrea gigaa Owen. Phitlipaastrea verrilli Meek. Synaptophyllum simcoenie (Billings). Syringopora hiaingeri Billings. Zaphrentia gigantea Lesueur. Zaphrentia noduloaa Rominger. Bryosoa Cyttodictya gilberti (Meek). Semicoadnium hindei ( ?) (Nicholson). Brachiopoda Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem). Anoplia nucleau Hall. Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Meriatella naauta (Conrad). MeriatelU roatrata ( ?) Hall. Rhipidomeila vanuxeml Hall. Schellwienella pandora (Billings). Spirifer duodenarius (Hall). Stropheodonta hemispherica Hall. Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad). The iime-kilns at McRae point are located "about half a mile" to the south of "Little Pine Brook" where Logan found "fossiliferous rnerty beds" which he considered to be "similar to those on the other side of Point Douglas."* With the pos • Logan, Sir William, Geology of Canada . '>3, pp. 273, 274. 155 SS"tS"thr V^" '"""'^ '""^^•^ non.fo«niferou. bed. .t in rh!^» l '^^ o«"opping there unquestionably belong In. .?" P°" ^''" '*'^"- '^^' ^«»"iferou8 rock. outcropSnJ fc. »-"*"''Tu"^''' ^"*^ '^"^ °^ Kincardine., are aU^ o' t^r^X:^srtr ^•'^^ '-- ^---'^ ^" -^-^ MIDDLESEX COUNTY SECTIONS. LONDON. .„ o^''* u"'* f^'^V*"**"" •*** * thickness running from 70 to a. much a. 130 feet. .The wells on the western «de o7 the aty .how the les«r thicknes. of drift and 30 feet or mo e of ZT "^ "'"" '15""'^ '" **"= '''"• °f ^•'^ «=^»«^"> part o the aty. No very good record of these wells is available The following ,. a record of the well at the Insane Asylum as it was furm.hed by Mr. W. Harris of Petrolia. to Mr. H. P. H. ^rumdS Record of the WeU at the Insane Asylum. London. Q nrjf*«„j ^ . . Thickness Total 9. Drift and surface material uq pt. 130 Ft. ». Unondaga limestone, a hard rock.. 200 « 330 « 7. Soft limestone 270 « 600 « 6. Hard limestone ,oo « 70O « 5. L'mestone ^00 « . 4. Salt and shale. ,00 « ^^^ « J. Llmton beds, a black shale 2OO " 1 600 " 2. Medina formation, a red shale 500 « 2 100 " 1. Richmond or Lorraine beds, limestone and ^*'* 150 « 2,250 « th. _*"*''^.*'r'^^« section, numbers 4 to 7 inclusive are given as theSalma "with Guelph and Niagara, if present." ' Loc. cit. pp. 274, 275, 522. p. 4J.^'"'"*"' "• ''• "•• Geo'- Surv., Canada. Ann. Kept. Vol. V, pt. Q. 1892. i I 156 STRATHROY. The upper iayen of the Widder beds lie under a very thin covering of drift near Strathroy, Adelaide township. Fifty years ago this rock was quarried and burnt for lime on lot 17, concession II, south of the Egrcmont niad, but even the old kiln is no longer to be seen. On lots 16, of concessions II and III, this limestone has been quarried for local foundations at a com- paratively recent date. It is said that the limestone does not run very deep and that it is undeHain by soft, blue shale. There is no important outcrop of rock here, although only a foot or so of soil covers it on parts of three or four lots. Hamilton fossils are more or less common in this limestone, and the following are among those that may be found. Chonetei defleaus Hall. Spirifer mucronatus (Conrad). Strophcodonta demiaia (Conrad). Strophedonta perplana (Conrad). Poracyclaa lirata (Conrad). marsh's (Marshall's) mill. At Marsh's mill, 2| miles cast of Arkona, the Ausable river cuts through the Hamilton ^ales exposing a fine section of the Olentangy shale and a portion of the Widder beds (see Plate XIII). The following measurements were made near the highway bridge at Marsh's mill, West Williams township. 157 Section Along the Ausable River at Marsh's Mill. Foet 8 7. Soil and drift Widder hedt 6. Soft, blue shale containing oeveral harder layers of impure, blue limeBtone which are full of Spirifer mucronatus 7 5. Soft, argillaceous, blue lime<4tone containing a rather limited fauna, but Leiorhynchus laura and Spirifer mucronatus common at the top . I 4. Coral zone. A soft, shaly, grey limestone filled with various corals and other fossils 3 3. Encrinal limestone. A blue to grey, hard, py- ritiferous granular limestone with numerous crinoid fragments. From the bottom up, this bed consists of 5 inches of limestone showing large trail or stem-like markings in relief on the lower side, 5 inches of brown riiale, 5 inches of blue limestone with a shaly parting, and then the real encrinal limestone 14 inches in thickness 2 Olentangy shale 2. Soft, gritlcss, blue shale containing ostracods, and a few crinoid stems, but fossils in general not abundant j9 1. Soft, blue shale with a few flattened calcareous concretions, some of which contain fossils, and thin lenses of limestone. These lime- stone lenses are simply a mass of fossils, among which Spirifer mucronatus arkonense, or the variety with a very much extended hinge-line, and Tentaculites altenuatus are most abundant. These beds extend to the level of the Ausable river 7 Inches U 10 ':Mt 158 The foUowing faufw was collected from the roclra of this Mction. HoriaoiM AntboioB AlvcolitMioldfuNi Billingt Aulopora wrpcnn Rumingcr Ccratopora dichotoma Grabau Cladopora litheri (Billinn) CUkdopon frondoaa (NkholMm) Cladopora Ubiota (Billing^ Ckdoporm rormcri (Billinip) CyMiphyllum vcncukMum r>old(uM FavodtM alpenaeiwif Wlnchell FavoMtn billingii Rominiper Favoaitet canadentii (Billingi) Favoaitea clauiiua Rominger Favoaitea digitatua Rominger Favoaitea placeiitu« Rominxer FavoMtes turbinatui Billings Heliophyllum conflueni Hall Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwardi and Haime. Heliophyllum iuvene (Rominger) Michelinia insignia Rominger Microcyclai diarus Meek and Worthen Syringopora intermedia Nicholson Syringopora porlegans ( ?) Billings rachypora eiegsntula Billings Zaphnntis proUAca BiWnga >l» Hydrotoa Stromatoporella mammitlau Nicholson. . . Crinoidea Anthracantha punctobranchiata Williams. Gennacocrinua arkonenMs Whiteaves Asteroidea Palaeatar cucharis Hall . . Vermes Ortonia intermedia Nicholson. 159 Vtnna»-rMtf. Spirorbii anguUtuii Hall Spinirbit arkonciMis Nirholion Spirorbi* omphaloden (ioldfuM Spirorbiii tpinuUrerui Nk:hol*on. ...... Bryofoa Botr>1lopora iori.i! v Nirholioil Cy«»lictya hamilKmcniia Ulrkh. ..'.'. Cyitodictya incl»>jrau (Hall) Feneaiella emacUta Hall FeneatelU magnific i ( ?) Nicholioa FeiMMraptjr.i liiprKoruta Hall Fiatulipura fiuronenkin (Nicholion). Fittulipora ii« r,i?i,,ta (Nicliolaon). , Hcderella caiLitlcn-iiii (Nich.)lio»/. Hederclla cirihosii ( fl.ill) Hwierella hlilnrnli^. (Hilliti^,^ Liocl«nui minmisgimiiin Nicn»lv-.n). Loculipora perforai;MH.ill) Paleschara ( ?) reticul.iui Hall Pinacotrypa ttelUta (Hall) Pinacotrypa variapara (Hall) Pulypora arkunenti* Miller Polypora multiplex (Hall) Polypora mutabilii ( ?) (Hall) Reteporidra perundata (Hall) Reteporina striata (Hall) SemicoKiniutn davidioni (Nicholgon) . . Semipora buiigmata Hall Streblotrypa hamilioncntis (Nichol»on). Taeniopora exigua Nicholion Taeniopora lubcarinata (Hall) Horiaoni 2 ! J : 4 X X X X s X X X X X X X X X X X I Brachiopoda Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrad) Athyrit vittata Hall Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) CAmarotoechia sappho Hall Catnarotoechia thedfordensis Whiteaves. Chonetes coronatus Conrad 160 Ftorizons Brachiopoda— Co»«herly direction. It is afx>ut 6 mil^ jouth of Thedford^ The .ect.ons exposed near Arkona are the b^ outcrops of Hamilton rocks in Ontario. Rock Glen cree^ flows through the town and as it approaches the Ausable river U plunges over a ledge of limestone in the upper part of the Wdder beds (see Plates XIV and XV) into a deep valley Th^ following IS a section of the rocks exposed in Rock glen. Section at Rock Glen, Arkona. 11. Soil and drift ,5 Widder beds 10. Massive, argillaceous, Wue limestone alterna- ting with blue shale and all quite fossiliferous. These beds form the top of the falls by the old mill jjj 9. Rather soft, blue shale with calcareous nodules or concretions. Spirifer mucronalus is a conspicuous and abundant fossil in the lower layers - 8. Argillaceous, blue limestone with few fossils . 1 7. Soft, blue shak with several layers that are a little more massive than the others. FossiU rather abundant and in several of the layers they are crowded together 17 6. Rather massive shale and several layers of shaly blue limestone in the lower part 7 5. Coral zone. A decomposed blue to grey shale or impure shaly limestone filled with corals 3 Inches 4 6 tM 4. Encrinal limestone. A hard, pyritiferous. blu- Feet Inches ish grey limestone which is a mass of crinoi- dal segments, coral fragments, and other fossils. It includes some brown shale near the base 2 4 Oientangy shale 3. A soft, gritless, blue shale in which fossils are rather rare 19 g 2. A soft, blue shale with a few thin lenses of crin- oidal limestone and an occasional flat cal- careous concretion. Fossils are fairly abun- (tent in these beds and especially in the l— s ra of limestone 10 1 Covered interval to the level of Ausable river . 10 m The following fossils were cottteted from the beds ezfXMed Back glen. Horixon* .Anthoaoa 2 3 4 5 6 r 8 9 10 AlveolitM goMhiMt rating X s X X Aulopora ifrpaiiii Rominpr Aulopora sp. Ceratopsm cttitetonB GtahHi. ... Cladopora olpiBBiun Bonampr Oadopora ri'viwUijin ( ?) (■Hapi) X X OuJopotB Mm (Bil^s). X X X CkKlopora frondHa (NUmI^ CUopora labi— (Bilags) Caadopora raenai (BiBiim) CJBipedopbyllua arcbuci (tUm^i) 1 B Caapedophyttua xubcaMpttanm i (Nichokon; X X X X X X X CjFKiphyllum vokutoMtm GaittfvM ' X Cy«iphyllum sp Fa««aites billuiHB Romiiifer FavwitM caiyiamms (Billing!) Favoaitef cUumik Rominger ! F«vo«ites digital u« Rcwninger i FftveWM hamiltomw HaH | . . . 165 AnthoMM— CmM. Favosite* placentus Romiofer Favositet turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edward* and Haime Heliophyllum tenuiceptatum (Billings) Michelinia insignia Rominger Microcyclas diw:us Meek and Worthen ' Syringopora intermedia Nicholson Syringopora nobitis Billings Ttachypora elegantula Billings Zaphrentis protifica Billings Horisons 2 3 Crinoidea Arthracantha punctobranchiau Williams Dolatocrinus liratus Hall Dolatocrinus sp Gennaeocrinus arkonensia Whites vea . Poteriocriniaa q> Vermes Autodetus lindstroemi Clarice. . Ortonia intermedia Nicholson. Spirorbis angulatus Hall Spirorbas arkonenais Nicholson . . Spirorbis omphalodes Goldfuss. . SpirarWs spinulifenis Nicholson. Bryoioa 7 , 8 iO Botryllopora socialis Nicholson Cystodictya hamiltonensis Ulrich Coacinium striatum Hall and Simspon. Fenestella emaciata Hall Fenestella nicholaoni VVhiteaves Fistulipora huronensis (Nicholson) Fistulipora incrasaata (Nicholgon) Hederella canadensis (Nicholson) Hederella cirrhosa (Hall) Hederella filiforniis (Billings) X X X ' X ..i x|...|... ::kl::t;: ■ «;...}... . .j X > X X X X I..,!.,. IM W- Horitons BryoMoa—Contd. Hemitrypa cribroM (Hall) 2 3 4 s X X 6 '! — 7 8 9 10 Heterotrypa ( ?) moniliformii (Nicholaon .. j, .. 1 Leptotrypa (?) quadrangularU (Nichol •on) X Loculipora perforau (Hall) X X X X X X Orthopora carinata (Hall and Simpson) . Paleschara ( ?) reticulata Hall X Pinacotrypa itellau (Hall) Pinacotrypa variapora (Hall) Polypora arkoneniis Miller Polypora multiplex (Hall) Polypora robutta (?) (Hall) X X X X X Polypora sp Ptilopora rtriata Hall Reteporidra perundaU (Hall) Rhombopora aubannulau Ulrich Stictopora ( ? ?) incraaaau (Hall) Streblotrypa hamiltonensis (Nicholaon) . . . X X X X X X X X X X X Teaniopora exigua Nicholson Taeniopora aubcarinau (Hall) Vinella devonica Cleland Brachiopoda Ambocoelia umbonau (Conrad) X X X Athyria tpiriferoides Eaton Athyria vitUU Hall X X Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) X Canurotoechia thedfordensis Whiteavct . Chonetes coronatus Conrad X Chonetes deflectus Hall X X X Chonetes lepidus Hall X X X X X a X X a Chonetes mucronatus Hall 1 Chonetes sdtulus Hall X "l" Cyclorhina nobilis Hall j Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall X 1 X 1 X i a . . .1. . . Ddthyris aculptilis Hall EunelU lincUaeni Hall X X X X r" Leiorhynchus laura (Billings) X X X X Lingula ligea Hall Parasyga hirsuta Hall 1 ..,.: .:! 167 ■— , HoriaoM B«chiopoda-C«iii. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to Pholidopfl hamiltoniae Hall X ... PholidogtrophU iowaenait (Owen) ..X X . . X ... ProductelU productoidet (Murchiwn) PFodtictelU tpinulicotu H«U Reticularia fimbriau (Connd) X Rhipidomella penelope Hall . . X X RhipidomelU vanuxemi HaU . . X X Schelliwenella perverwi (HaU) z Spirifer divaricatu* Hall . . z X . . . Sptrifer mucronatua (Conrad) « . . X X X X .. . Spirifer mucronatu* arkonenae Shimer andGrabau , X z Spirifer mucronatut thedfordenae Shimer andGrabau . . X X . . z . . . . . X ... Stropheodonta concava HaU X X Stropheodonta demisaa (Conrad) .... Stropheodonta inequistriate Hall Stropheodonu perplana (Coniad) .XX. Pelecypoda Actinopteria boydi (Conrad) 1 Aviculopecten bellus (Conrad) - 1 . .... Cypricardella bellistriatus ( ?) Conrad . ...L. Cypricardtnia indenU (Conrad) 1 ■ Elymella nuculoides HaU X ... Glyptodeama erectum (Conrad) x Grammyaia ( ?) lirata (Conrad) [ Nucula sp jj P«racycla» lirata (Conrad) » Pterinea dabellum (Conrad) • X . . X X TeUinopna subemarginata (Coniad) Gastropoda Belleraphoa cf . t.Uiratut HaU x DiaphoroMoma lineatum (CoMad) . . . . X Gyroma capillaria (Conrad) X . . . . Phanerotinui laxus Hall Platyceraa carinatum HaU 1 Platyceras erectum HaU , X ".'.'. '.'.1 . . X u 168 Horiaona GHtropoda— CMtf. 2 X X 3 4 5 X X 6 7 8 9 10 Pktyceru rarupinMum HaU Ptatyc«ra« (ulMpinMum Hall ... PIturotomaria delicatula ( ?) Hall X X X X X X 1 ... Puropoda Styliolina fiMuretia (Hall) X X Tenuculitet attenuatui Hall . ■■ ■' X i 1 1 1 ( TentaculitM bellului Hall Cephalcpoda Bactritea arkonensii Whiteavei ""j"' 1 Nephriticeras bucinum (Hall) . . .1. . . X Orthoceraa exile Hall i Orthocenii lambtoneiiMs Whiteave* ...l... X X Orthoceras sp 1 X Parodiceras discoideum (Hall) ... ! ... X X X X X X X X X X Tornoceras uniangulare (Conrad) x ... X Ostracoda PrimitiopsU punctulifera (Hall) X Trilobita X X Phacopa rana Green X ..i X 1 X X A very similar section is expoaed at No. 4 hill, 2 miles north of Arkona. This is at the former ^ite of Jones' mill and 18 on lot 4, concession I, where a sir»a!i tributary to Ausable nver has cut the following secuon. 169 Section at No. 4 HiU (Jones' liiiU). 12. Soil and drift « Widder beds 11. Shaly, blue limestone containing harder nodules 2 10. Blue to bluish brown limestone of which the layers are separated by beds of shale. These beds form the upper part of the falls and were quarried for the abutments of the Grand Trunk Railway bridge across the Ausable river east of Thedford 6 9. Rather soft, blue shale with layers of flattened calcareous concretions. Spiri/er mucronatus thedfordense is an abundant fossil in the lower part jq 8. A soft, argillaceous, blue limestone with Spirifer mucronatus thedfordense abundant in the upper part j 7. A soft, blue shale weathering rapidly into a stiff blue clay jy 6. Fairiy massive, blue shale with several thin layers of argillaceous blue limestone 4 5. An argillaceous blue limestone i 4. Coral zone. A decomposed, bluish grey cal- careous shale or shaly limestone filled with corals » 3. Encrinal limestone. A hard, pyritiferous, blue limestone j 2. A black to brown, bituminous shale passing into a limestone below. The lower 4 inches, which is a hard limeston«> has ramify- ing trails standing out in relief on the lower side and contains many fish teeth. These beds are usually considered to belong in the Encrinal limestone and all the evidence aeems to favour that disposition of them 1 Inches 10 6 10 10 190 Olentongy ilule peet IndM I. A very toft, blue alwle wwthering rapidly into ■ sticky blue clay. Theat beds extend to the level of the lower part of the run 6 7 hill. The following fauna waa collected in the beds at No. 4 HoriioM Aathoion J 2 3 4 J 6 7 8 9 lol 11 AulojTort Mfpena ' ,riuii|»r , Cermtopora jackaoni Grebau Ceratopora tp . . . . m CImdoponi fidieri iBillings) , Chdopofa frondoM (Nicholten) , CUdopormroein'ri(Bmiiii») , CyMiphyllum vetkuloMm Gold- lum , Favodtc* arbiMcula Hall • •• ^ •• Favorites biUints) Rominger x Favoaites turUnatus Billing. . ' x HeUophyllum haUi Milne- Edwards and Haime , HeUophyllum infovtatum (Davis) > Trachypora eieiantula BUlinga , Blastoidea Codaster canadensis BilUngs X Vermel Spirorbis onpljalodes GoidfuM Bryosoa CystodictyahamiltonensbUlrich « s Cystodictya sp , FenestetU arkoneiutt Whitesves > Fenestella emadato Hall , Fenestella nicholaoni Whiteaves " ' > Fistulipora spinulifera Rominger Fistulipora utriculus Romincer 1 ... 1 in Bryoao*— CmM. FiMuUpora vMicuku (lUU and Simpton) HwkrtlU cirrhoM (Hsil) HcdnclU fUiformis (Bitlinp). . . Heterotryp. (?) monlliformta (Nicholion) Lioclema digiutum (Hall) Orthopora carinau (Hall and Simpaon) PaJMchara ( ?) reticulata Hall. , Polypora arkonensit Miller Reteporina itriau (Hall) H«riaom Brachiopoda Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrad). Athyria tpirireroidea Eaton Athyria vituu Hall Atrypa reticularia (Linnaeui). . . . Camarotoechia aappho HaU Chonetea deflectua Hall Chonetea lepidus Hall Chonetea icitulut Hall Cyrtina hamiltonenaia HaU Delthyria aculptUia HaU EuneUa lincklaeni HaU Leiorliyncliua laura BilUnga Nudeoapira condnna Hall PCnUgonip. uniauksu (Conrad). . PhoUdoatropkia iowaenaia (Owen) Rbipidomella penelope H.ill Rhipidomdla vanuMtni HaU Schellwienella perveraua (Hall) . . . Spirifer audaculua (Conrad) Spirifer granuloaua (Conrad). . . Spirifer mucronatua (Conrad) . . Spirifer mucronatua thedfordenae Shimer and Grabau Stropheodonu concava Hall Stropheodonu demiiaa (Conrad) Stropheodonta inequiatriata (Con- rad) 10 11 t I MICROCOPV IBOIUTION TBT CHAIT (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) A APPLIED IM/1GE 1653 East Mom Street Rochester. Ne« York U609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone (716) 288- S989 - Fok 172 Horuons Brachiopoda— CofKj. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 U Stropheodonu perplana (Conrad) x x x Tropidoleptus carinatus Hall x .. Pelecypoda Aviculopecten princeps (Conrad) X Cypncardella bellistriata Conrad z Glyptocardia speciosa Hall z Grammysia globosa Hall , Nucula bellistriata (Conrad) Nucula IJrata (Conrad) Nuculites triqueter Conrad 2 Pterinea flabellum (Conrad) x Gastropoda Bembexia sulcomarginata (Con- rad) Diaphorostoma Uneatum (Con- rad) ^ Phanerotinus laxus Hall j" Platyceras erectum Hall , , Pteropoda Styliolina fissurella (HaU) , Tentaculites attenuatus Hall Cephalopoda Bactrites arkonensis Whiteavea Orthoceras arkonenae Whiteavet .... Z Orthoceras exile Hall Orthoceras subulatum Hall Parodiceras discoideum (Hall) Tomoceras uniangulare (Conrad) . .. z • • Ostracoda Bairdia devonica ( ?) Ulrich , liochiUna fabacea Jones , Primitiopsia punctulifera (Hall) , Trilobita Cryphaeus boothi Green Phacops rana Green , Pisces Aspidichthys ( ?) sp » | •• z z 173 THEDFORD. Near the east line of Bosanquet township, on the Toronto- Sarnia division of the Grand Trunk railway, about 33 miles east of Sarnia, is the town of Thedford (formerly known as Widder Station), a famous collecting place for Hamilton forms. There are a number of outcrops near this town, but most of them are of slijht imporcance at the present time. The clay pit of the old bnck and tile yard at the north end of town gives a very good outcrop, of which the following is a section. Section at the Brick and Tile Yard, Thedford. . _ „ Feet 4. Soil and drift 2 Widder beds 3. Coral zone. A decomposed blue to grey shaly limestone, which is chiefly a mass of corals and other fossils 2 2. Encrinal limestone. A hard blue to bluish grey crinoidal limestone in two or three layers, the lowest of which is separated from those above by 3 inches of brown shale 2 Olentangy shale 1 . Soft, gritless, blue shale, which weathers rapidly into a stiflF blue clay; to the level of the run below the brick and tile plant 20 Inches 174 The following fauna was collected from the shale and lime- stone exposed at the brick and tile yard. Anthozoa AlveoJtea goldfussi Billings Aulocophyllum sulcatum (d'Orbigny) Cladopora cryptodens (Billings) Cladopora fiaheri (Billings) Cladopora frondosa (Nicholson) Cladopora roemeri (Billings) Craspedophyllum archiaci (Billings) Cyathophyllum perlamellosum ( ?) Hall Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Eridophyllum strictum Milne-Edwardi and Haiiiie. Favosites alpenaensis Winchell Favosites billingsi Rominger Favoaites clausus Rominger FavositM digitatus Rominger Favosites placentus Rominger Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum confluens Hall Heliophy..um halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. . '. Heliophyllum juvene (Rominger) Syrjngopora nobtlis Billings Zaphrentis prolifica Billings Vermes Autodetus littdstroemi Clarke Ortonia intermedia Nicholson Spirorbis angulatus Hall Spirorbis arkonensis Nicholson Spirorbis omphalodes Goldfuss Spirorbis spinuliferus Nicholson Horizons Cryozoa Botryllopora sodalis Nicholson Fenestella magnifica ( ?) Nicholson. . . . Fistulipora incrassau (Nicholson) Hederella canadensis (Nicholson) Hederella cirrhosa (Hall) Hederella filiformis (Billings) Heterotrypa ( ?) barrandei (NichoUon). Lioclema digitatum (Hall) Uoclena multiculeatum (Hall) 175 Horizoni Bryozoa— Coti<<(. Orthopora elongata (Hall and Simpton). Pinacotrypa 8tellata (Hall) Polypora arkonensis Miller Polypora multiplex (Hall) Reteporina prisca (Nicholson) Reteporina striata (Hall) Taeniopora exigua Nicholson Brachiopoda Ambocoelia uinbonata (Conrad) Athyris spiriferoides Eaton Athyris vittata Hall Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Chonetes coronatus Conrad Chonetes deflectus Hall Chonetes lepidus Hall Delthyris sculptilis Hall LeiorhynchuB laura Billings Pentagonia unisulcata (Conrad) Pholidostrophia iowaensis (Owen) RUpidomella penelope Hall Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Spirifer audaculus (Conrad) Spirifer mucronatus (Conrad) Spirifer mucronatus thedfordense Shimer and Grabau. Strophalosia truncata (Hall) Stropheodonta concava Hall Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) Stropheodonta inequistriata (Conrad) Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z X X X Pelecypoda Actinopteria boydi (Conrad). Gastropoda ''tycera* carinatum Hall. Pteropcda TenUculites attenuatus Hall. 176 Cephalopoda Onhocerai lambtoneniis Whiteaves. Trilobita Horiioiu Cryphaeus booth! Green. Phacops rana Green Puce* Atpidichthys notabilU Whiteaves . The section exposed at the Grand Trunk Railway cut three-quartets { a mile to the east of Thedford, is one of the most noted, and has been one of the best, of the region. At the pres- ent time, however, it is largely overgrown by vegetation and thus more or less obliterated. This section lies wholly within that portion of the Hamilton which is referred to in this report M the Widder beds. Somewhat lower beds, including the tncrinal limestone, are partially exposed along the hill-side in the adjoining fields of the Hunniford farm, where many good specimens have been collected, although at the present time that outcrop also is mostly covered by soil and vegetation. The fol- lowing 18 a section of the shales and limestone exposed in the railway cut. Section of the Grand Trunk RaUway Cut „ , ,ri H.ime' ayringopora nobilis Billing! Crinoidea Ancyrocrinus bulbotut HalJ . Bryoioa Cyatodictya indsureta (Hall) Eridotryp I appresu ( t) (Ulrich). ....,, Feneitella emaciata Hall Hemitrypa cribrou (Hall) Loculipora perforata (Hall) Pinacotrypa atellata (Hall) Reteporina hamiltonenaii ( ?) (Prout) Reteporina striata (Hall) Streblotrypa hamiltonensii (Nichol«)n)! Brachiopoda Athyris ipiriferriidea baton Atrypa reticulaiia (Linnaeus). ..... Camarotoechia horsfordi ( ?) Hall. . Cyrtina hamiltonensig Hall Pholidostrophia iowaensis (Owen). Rhipidomella penelope Hall Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Spirifer granulosus C" d) Spirifer mucronatus (' ad) Stropheodonta conca^ . Hall Stropheodonu demiaaa (Conrad). Stropheodonu perplana (Conrad). . Tropidoleptus carinatus Hall Pelecypoda Pterinea flabellum (Conrad). s X X X X X s X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 182 I •> ■i GMtrofMxU LoiioMma dclkote Hall. . . PhtyGcrts cariutum Hall. Pttropoda TtntaculitM atteniutui ( ?) Hall. Cephalopoda Horiaoa* OrthoLcna erienie Hall Tornocerai unuRf nlare (Conrad) . Trilobiu Phacopa rana Green PiKe* FUh plate (un determined) . On the west side of Ipperwash beach, near Kettle point, the upper layers of the Ipperwash limestone appear in a small anticline projecting into the lake. This consisto of 2 or 3 feet of hard, crinoidal, blue limestone with some dark grey to black chert. Among the common fossils in this rock are. Chonete* I pidus Hall. Rhipidomelb pmelopc Hall. Spirifer mucronatus Conrad. Stropheodonta demiua (Conrad). Kettle point or Cape Ipperwash is the promontory which projects into Lake Huron in the northwestern part of Bosanquet township and on th' west side of Ipperwash beach. It is made up of 8 to 10 feet of black to brownish shale which on first ex- posure to the weather turri to a bluish colour. This is the shale which Dr. Kindle has cor «J with the Huron of Ohio. To the southward the ouvcrop increases somwhat in thickness and includes some arenaceous, greenish layers. Old weathered sur- 183 f«^of thi. .h.le are „ueh iron .ulaed and «x,n break into a iTK^tu ^.* ''«''>' carbonaceou. character of the black .h^ at Kettle point i. ,|.own by the followinK analyni^.' Mowture Inorganic matter y^ 1° Volatile combustible matter , , ,„ '^'■'''^-"-" ::::;::,::: 1!:^ Concretiona are numerous in thin shale and varv from th^ •mall nodules of pyrite to the spheroidal ma^ «vTraI fl i„ diameter («e Plates XVI and XVII. figure^. St '? jre rather numerous an,' nroject from th'e shaly JtoTof the •hallow water like great ;,,.erted kettles and evidently nve th. name to the point. The large concretion, are chtflX^^' ^n^nZ i. y^'''^^ °' "y»tal.. Scr,,e of theTh^^ displaced the sha e, above and below in such a way as to ,hc^ that they were formed in place. Alona the Huron w ■ northern Ohio, and also along the t^uL X the OlenT/n^" « Kettle ^iTt Th"M Tu T'".' '''"'" ^"^ ""'^^ ^^^ "^^ Til. nco^, o( core drills at Kettle point ir, :: a-e a toul New^York pal«,ntologUt. visited the various ouicrops of X l^' ^- ^''^' ^'"'- N- y- Acad. Sci.. Vol. II. No 12 1883 „ ^^^Pro-er. CW.« S.. G«.. Surv. Ohio. 4th ^.: bI'L'.^' im. pp. u 184 upper Devonian shales in Lambton county, in company with Murray, and "the black fissile slates were then identified by Prof. Hall with what he, long previously, had designated as the Genesee slate, in New York. . . . Overlying the black fissile slate, however, we find, at Kettle Point, alternations of a peculiar, somewhat arenaceous, green and black shale, which were recog- nized by him as the lower beds of the Portage group. In the same way at Kingstone's mills, the upper beds, which are com- pact, thick-bedded scarcely slaty, and dark olive or greenish- black in color, are by Prof. Hall referred to the Portage group, of which they were found by him to contain the characteristic fish-remains."' In the black shale at Kettle point the following flora and fauna has been found: Plantae Knorria sp. 'Lepidodendron primaevum Rodg:ers. Protosalvinia huronensis (Dawson). Pwudobomia inornatus (Dawson). Brachiopoda Lingub ligea Hall. Lingula apatulata Vanuxem. Vermes (Conodonts) 'Polygnathus coronatus Hinde. 'Polygnathus dubius Hinde. 'Polygnathus immersus Hinde. Polygnathus palmatus Hinde. 'Polygnathus ( ?) serratus Hinde. ■Prioniodus panderi Hinde. Pisces Dinichthys sp. Rhadinichtys sp. Stenosteus sp. 'Hunt, T. Sterry, Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. Progress 1863-1866, p. 242. See also Muiry, Alexander, Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. Progress for the year 18SS (1856), pp. 129. 130. And, Logan, Sir William E., Geology of Canada, 1863, p. 387. 'Collected by G. J. Hinde. 185 The upper Devonian or Huron shale outcrops at other places m Lambton county. Among these may be mentioned that along the upper part of (Bear creek) the North Branch of Syden- ham river, north of Kingscourt. in Warwick township. The portion of the formation there exposed is essentially the same as that outcroppimg at Kettle point, but very much less in amount. The spheroidal concretions occur here in the bed of the stream and show the radial structure already referred to. G. J Hinde described the following species of conodonts from the shale at this place. Vermes (Conodonts) Polygnathus ( ?) curvatus Hinde. Polygnathus dubtus Hinde. Polygnathus duplicatus Hinde. Polygnathus palmatus Hinde. Polygnathus truncatus Hinde. Prioniodus acicularis Hinde. Prioniodus spicatus Hinde. Along the Sydenham river at Alvinston, Brooke township, there is a very good outcrop, although only a few feet of the shale shows at any one place. At Shetland, Euphemia township. 10 feet of the Huron shale outcrops in a bank near the iron bndge above town. It contains the following fossils: PlanUe Protosalvinia huronensis (Dawson). Brachiopoda Lingula spatulata Hall. Vermes (Conodonts) Polygnathus dubius Hinde. Polygnathus palnjatus Hinde. Pisces Rhadinichthys sp. 186 Then, about 8 miles southwest of Shetland, along the same river (Sydenham) there is another outcrop of the Huron shde just below Croton, in Camden township, Kent county. This is much smaller but contains beds resembling those above Shetland. The shales, which have passed under the general name of the Devonian black shale, are widely distributed over the region from Ontario and Michigan southward to the Gulf states, and from the eastern states far into the west. Over this r^on these deposits vary in age from middle and upper Devonian in New York to eariy Mississippian in Oklahoma and adjoining states. The fauna of the Genesee shale of New York includes somewhat more than fifty species; but in most of the interior deposits that have been correlated with it, fossils are not abundant. In addition to certain plant remains, the most widely distributed forms of the Genesee and similar deposits are the Linguloid brachiopods, conodonts, and fishes. These brachiopods are forms with such a simple structure that it is often difficult to distinguish between the different species. Moreover they are apparently long lived forms which may have followed the black shale forming conditions from place to place and hence are of little value in correlation. Orbiculoidea hdiensis, for example, is said to occur in the Marcellus shale as well as in the Genesee. It is probable that the plants, the conodonts, and the fishes are much more reliable as an index to the age of these deposits. So far as the fossils are known they are in favour of the Genesee age of the black shale at Kettle point, and this is also suggested by the stratigraphic position of the deposit. And yet it has not seemed advisable to designate it by that n^-ne in this report. Southward from Ontario the black shale seems to pass into the Huron shale of Ohio. This is suggested by the occurrence of the same fossil plant, the same Lingula, the same genera of fishes,' and the abundance of conodonts,* some of which at least are the same species. The Huron shale, however, rests on progressively older beds to the southward in Ohio. Near 'Branson, E. B., BuU. Univ. of MitMuri, vol. II, No. 2, 1911, pp. 24-32. •Kindle, E. M., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. XXIV, 1912, pp. 209-211. 187 Sandusky it directly overlies the Prout or upper member of the Olentangy shale, a hmestone which the associated fauna shows cannot be older than the Widder beds of Ontario and probably IS the Encnnal hm^tone of the Thedford and Arkona regions. At Columbus the Huron shale, or lower portion of the Ohio rc«ts on the much reduced soft Olentangy (Hamilton) shale which m the northern part of that state underlies the Prout limestone and is sometimes more than 100 feet in thickness. At Kinkead Spnngs, Pike county, near the southern part of the state, the Ohio shale rests directly on the Silurian lime- stone and is firmly welded to it. , "">* conditions under which black shales are deposited have been much discussed by various geologists. Newberry thought that the fineness of the mineral matter and the uniform dis- aemination of the carbon in the shale, indicated that the black shales were deposited in a quiet sea and not immediately ad- jacent to the land. The shores of this almost land-lockJ sea he thought, were lined with vegetation and even the surfaai was covered with a vigorous growth of floating sea-weed. The Sargasso sea through which Columbus is said to have "ploughed .. M '?^" .? °**^ ^ * '"'^^^" example of such a surface growth. Under ^1 such sheets of vegetation, in a sea where a fine mech- anical sediment is being deposited, we must necessarily have an accumulation of mud containing a large percentage of carbon- aceous matter; in other words the elements of a bituminous Shale. In this connexion it is interesting to note, that in the bai^asso sea there are twenty to twency-five plants, on the average, to each square mile and each plant when pressed to- gether makes from a pint to a quart when wet or about one- eighth of tills when dry."» Three or four pounds of dry plant matter to the square mile could hardly be expected to contribute an appreaable amount of bituminous matter even to verv slowly accumulating deposits. H. S. Williams suggested that the great body of black shale has^n derived as land wash from a neariy base-levelled lime- 'Newberry, J. S.. Geol. Surv. Ohio, vol. I. 1873, pp. 155.157, 'Johnson's Encyclopedia, Vol. VII, 1895, p. 316. 188 stone area. He says that the calcareous, carbonaceous, and phosphatic materials are of organic origin and in the southern region probably chiefly derived from the Cincinnati land mass. The unequal distribution of the black shale he regards as assign- able to the ocean currents of the time and which differed much from those of to-day.' More recently A. W. Grabau has enlarged and somewhat modified this theory in connexion with his discussion of pro- gressive overlap. "Wherever the relief of the land has been reduced to the condition of a peneplain, the rock surface of the old land becomes mantled with the products of subaSrial decay. Prolonged exposure to this process results in the complete dis- integration of the mineral constituents of the rock, and in the removal, by solution, of all soluble portions. When the rxxrk of the old land surface is a limestone, only the finest residual :'.ay soil will remain behind. The surface of a peneplain is pre-emin- ently characterized by obstructed drainage conditions, and this character is the more pronounced the more closely the surface of the peneplain approaches that of an actual plain; hence swampy conditions may be regarded as normal to the pene- plain surface; and Uiis brings us to the conclusion that the resi- dual soils of such an area must be highly tinged with the carbon of the decaying vegetation. On old limestone surfaces, the clay becoming thus highly stained with carbon and the residual soil of the limestone regions being exceedingly fine in texture, it follows that the resultant deposits from such areas of decom- position will be a fine and uniform grained black clay rock. When the sea encroaches upon such an area of residual soil, the basal formation of the resulting series of deposits will be a black shale, succeeded upward generally by calcareous members, since the shale itseF constitutes the finest clastic of shore-derived origin, and any further deposits must oe sea-derived, that is organic or cuemical precipitates. It is by no means implied that all black mud deposits originate in this manner. The black muds of the protected lagoons and mud-flat areas of our coasts owe their colour and carbonaceous character to the growth 'Williams, H. S., Amer. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. Ill, 1897, p. 398. 189 and decay of the sea grasses (Zostera. etcetera) and the animals Uving buried in this mud The black muds of parUy enclosed basins like that of the Black Sea are deep-water deposits, where in the denser lower portions of the water H,S is generated in great quantities by the activities of sulpho-bacteria."' The carbonaceous matter of these black shales is undoubtedly of vegetable origin.' The Huron shale contains numerous plant fragments and quite often large pieces of the stems. The finely divided carbon is, therefore, thought to be of the same ongin. In addition to these fragments, the sporangia, which have received the name Protosalvinia huronensis, occur in great numbers making the surfaces of certain Inyers appear covered with brown specks. These must contribute a considerable amount to the total carbon of the shale indicated in the analysis given fcr this rock. According to Grabau's theor>'. it is evident that these deposits must vary much in age from place to place and there is much evidence to indicate that this is the case. SMITH FALLS. On the Sydenham river 1} miles above Shetland, Euphemia township, the Ippen^ash limestone or upper member of the Hamil- ton outcrops. The falls are caused by a 2J to 3-foot layer of bluish grey liir jtone which appears to be underiain by soft bluish shale. This outcrop contains an abundance of Hamilton fossils, among which the following were found. Cystodictya hamiltonensis Ulrich. Amboceolia umbonata (Conrad). Chonetes defleaus Hall. Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall. Spirifer mucronatus (Conrad). Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad). StropheodonU perplana (Conrad). Pterinea flabellum (Conrad). Tentaculites sp. Pbacops rana Green. S93 SW*^"' ^™"^*"" ^- ^""- <^'- Soc. Amer., vol. XVII. 1906, pp. •Newberry, J. S., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. II, 1883, pp. 357-369. 171-174 "' ^'^'*'' ^'^- J""- ^•' ^'■<* *■■•• ^°'- XXIV, 1882, pp. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Proc., vol. XXXI, 1883. pp. 373-384. 190 PETKOLIA AND OIL SPRINGS. There are no other imporUnt Devonian outcrops in this extreme southwestern part of Ontario, except those near the Detroit river and on the islands of Uke Erie. However, there have been numerous wells drilled into and through the Devonian, which lies immediately under the drift in most of that region, and many of these show interesting and important sections of rock. At Petrolia the most important record is that of the unll. ing done a number of years ago and known as the "Test Well."' Record of ike Petrolia Test Well. Thickness Total **• I^ft 104 Ft. 104 Ft. Hamilton beds 13. Ipperwash limestone 40 « 144 « 12. Petrolia shale, perhaps including part of the Wi-lder beds 130 « 274 « 11. Widder beds 15 « 289 " 10. Olentang};' shale 43 « 332 « 9. Delaware limestone 68 " 400 ■ Onondaga limestone (doubtless with part of the Detroit River series) 8. Soft limestone 40 « 440 « 7. Grey limestone 25 " 465 " 6. Grey limestone 135 « 600 « Detroit River series beds, including part of Salina 5. Hard, white limestone with hard streaks of sandstone from 2 to 5 feet ui thickness 500 « 1,100 « Salina beds 4. Gypsum 80 « 1, 180 « 3. Salt and shale 105 " 1 , 285 " 2. Gypsum go « 1,355 « 1. Salt and shale 140 « 1,505 « 'Bnimell, H. P. H., Geol. Surv., Canada, Ann. Kept., vol. V, pt. Q, 1892, p. 62. 191 *„H ?il!'l"~"* "Of much value because It shows the division, and thicknesses of the Hamilton beds. A compari«>n of S ^t ^T"""" °' ''r "r '°^'^>' »"-" little^no varia?on except m the amount of surficial deposits, and the absence of the eS'^Tw"' '•* "ri!*°" "''•^'^ ''- »-«" remo^eS by erosion. At Wyoming. 8 miles to the north of Petrolia and at Kingstone mills Warwick township. 12 miles to the ea^^ o Wyoming the Hamilton subdivisions are reported to haTthe SrHillt"'Tx" '" **•' ^^""^ '''^'^- At these latter plac« the Hamilton beds are overlaid by 4 to 50 feet of the Hnr„n shale. At OJl Springs. 12 miles to the south orPetrd a tEL S Record of a WeU on the East Side of the Oil Springs Pool. g Drifj Thickness Total Hamiltonbeds ^^'^ ^ ^'^ 5. Ipperwash limestone 35 « 05 a 4. Petrolia shale 101 « mf « 3. Widderbeds 2) " lit « 2. Olentangy shale .::.. ,7 « ^^J « 1. Delaware limestone (undoubtedly in- cluding part or all of the Onondaga limestone) jjq « ^^^ „ nf . J H ^f 'JT ^ ~"«^«^able decrease in the thickness of the Hamilton beds, especially in the shaiy members. It is practically impossible to draw a line between the Delaware lime- stone and the Onondaga limestone in the record or samples from .'^ wells. Since the oil producing stratum is usually found at tne base of the Onondaga, the lowest division of the above ^n probably includes the rocks belonging to that formation. •Brumell. H. P. H., Ibid p. 62 Q. ^«. 192 The following record, fumiihed by Mr. W. Mcintosh of Petroha, is that of a well completed June 28, 1910, on lot S, concession XII, of Moore township. Record of Weil on Lot 5, Concession XII, Moore Township. Thickness Total f- ^n't 147Ft. 147Ft. Hamilton beds 5. Ipperwash limestone 6i « 2O8 " 4. Petrolia shale, perhaps including part of the Widder beds 127 « 335 « 3. Widder beds 12 " 347 • 2. Olentangy shale 4^ « 393 « 1. Delaware limestone 77 ■ 479 « Gas in paying quantity was struck at 438 feet and the well is now a good producer of both oil and gas. SAKNIA. At Samia the Hamilton strata seem to have changed con- siderably in composition and thickness. There is, however, a marked discrepancy between the various records; but it is probable that even these are as trustworthy as most drillers' records are. Ruord of a Well Drilled at King's Grist-miU, Samia.^ Thickness Total "• Drift i20Ft. 120Ft. Huron shale 10. Black shale 35 « 155 ■ Hamilton beds 9. Ipperwash limestone 30 « I86 ■ 8. Petrolia shale, including part of Widder beds 263 " 449 « 7. Widder beds (part only) 5 « 454 « 6. Olentangy shale 40 « 494 ■ 'Brumell, H. P. H., Loc. dt. p. 69 Q. 193 Thickness Total 5. Delaware limestone 60 Ft. 554 Ft Onondaga limestone 4. Grey limestone loO • 654 " Detroit River beds 3. Hard limestone 545 « j 20O " Salina beds 2. Hard and flinty limestone 200 " 1,400 " 1. Limestone with gypsum 105 " 1,505 « The most remarkable part of this record is the thickness of the Petrolia shale. In the various records of wells drilled in and near Sarnia, this member ranges in thickness from 85, 100, and 160 to the maximum in this well, although the thickness here given undoubtedly includes part of the Widder beds. In all of the other wells the Ipperwash limestone has a greater thickness assigned to it than in this one. CORUNNA. One of the most interesting wells drilled thus far, as regards the upper Devonian strata, is that at the village of Corunna,* in Moore township, where the following strata were penetrated. Record of the Well Drilled at Corunna. Thickness Total *• D"f* 120 Ft. 120 Ft. Port Lambton beds 4. Black shale g « 128 " 3. Greenish sandstone 20 " 148 " Huron shale (probably including part of the Port Lambton beds) 2. Black shale with pyrite 185 " 333 « Hamilton beds 1. (Ipperwash limestone) grey limestone and shale 17 * 350 « ,.«<'?""*' ^" ^'*"^' ^^'- ^""'•' Canada, Kept, of Progress from 1863 1866 (I860}, p. 243. 194 COURTRIGHT. Another very imporUnt record k that of the Courtriahi Sdt Company,' at Courtright, along the St. Clair river about 5 nulea to the louth of the preceding well. Record itf ih« Courlright SaU Company's Wttt, Courtright. ! rvjr* Thicknew Total .;• "^'* 160Ft. 160Ft. Huron shale 11. Black ahale 32 « ,93 ' Hamilton beds • 10. Ipperwash limestone 40 232 ' 9. Petrolia shale, Widder beds, and Olen- tangy shale 310 • 342 > 8. Delaware limestone 30 « 392 • Onondaga limestone 7. Grey limestone iqq • ^2 « Upper Monroe or Detroit River series. 6. Hard, white limestone (probably in- cluding much dolomite) 370 « 1,052 « Sylvania sandstone 5. Sandstone 32 ■ j 091 « Lower Monroe 4. Li >stone (probably including dolo- ""*«) 400 « 1,494 « Sallr.i beds 3. Limestone (dolomite) and gypsum 1J6 " 1,630 « ?■ !^* 22 • 1,652 • I. Gypsum 13 . ,g^ . PORT LAlf BTON. Eariy in 1911 Mr. W. J. Aikens, of DunnvUle. drilled a well on part of lot F, in concession I of Sombra township, in ordei^to mvestigate a rumoured occurrence of coal in the vicinity 'Brumell, H. P. H., loc. dt. p. 68 Q. 195 of Ptort Lambtcm. The well wu drilled to a depth of only 302 feet, but it it most interesting because it gives more than usual detail in regard to the upper IDevonian shale of that part of the province. Record oj the WtU DriU"* at Port Lambton in 1911. Thickness Total 7. Drift, consisting of clay and sand 149 Ft. 149 Ft. Port Lambton beds 6. Grey shale 22 " 171 « 5. Black shale 4q « 21 1 " 4. Grey ihale \ « 212 " 3. Black shale 9 « 221 " 2. Sandy shale, mostly black 28 " 249 " Huron shale ? V Black shale 53 « 302 « Oily scums and a little low pressure gas, the latter most notice%bie at 249 feet, were reported but no values were obtained. Another interesting record is that of a well drilled some v ars ago, at Port Lambton.* Record of WeU Drilled at Port Lambton in 1895. SoU and drift Thickness Total 22. Blue clay 140 Ft. 140 Ft. 21. Hard pan and boulders SO « 50 « Port Lambton beds and Huron shale 20. Slate and shale (evidently black and grey) somewhat gritty 270 « 460 • Hamilton beds 19. Limestone (Ipperwash) 100 " 560 « 18. Calcareous clay rock resembling blue day 150 " 710 " Delaware limestone 17, Hard, fine-grained limestone 50 " 760 " •Une, A. C, G«ol. Surv. Mich., vol. V, 1893, pi. LVIII. DBSMI Onondaga limntone ThickncM 16. Soft, poroiM limestone 70 Ft. Detroit River leriea 15. Grey dolomite with aome pieces of black shale kjq « 14. Grey dolomite 40 « 13. Grey, arenaceous limestone 100 " 12. Yellowish, arenaceous limestone 70 • Sylvania sandstone. . 11. Light grey, calcareous sandstone .20 * 10. Dirty yellow, calcareous sandstone. .. . 30 " Bass Island series 9. Dark yellow to buff ferruginous dolo- n>ite 120 " Salina beds 8. Bluish grey dolomitic limestone with some anhydrite 40 • 7. Calcareous gypsum 40 « 6. Greyish drab to buff doknuite 100 ■ 5. Gypeiferous limestone 10 • 4. Calcareous, gypsiferous clay 10 " 3. Argillaceous dolomite 100 • 2. Calcareous sandstone 40 « 1. Calcareous clay shale, salty taste 10 * Total 830 Ft. 990 • 1.030 ■ 1,130 • 1.200 • 1.220 1.250 1.370 1,410 1,450 1,550 1,560 1,570 1,670 1.710 1.720 KENT COUNTY SECTIONS. WALLACEBURG. Another well, near Wallaceburg, drilled a number of years ago (1896) by Mr. D. A. Gordon,' on lot 5, concession I. of the gore of Chatham, is very much better as regards the thickness o^the strata penetrated, although it is lacking in detail. ,„ If** ^^'' ^''"'•' C»n.. Ann. Rept. New Ser.. vrf. XI, 1898 (1901), p. w Rteerd •/ Mr. D. A. Gordon's WtU N»ar WaUaetburg. A ^ ,, , . ThickneM Total 9. Drift, coMltUng ot Mnd and boulder <^"y 140 Ft. 140 Ft Port Lambton bed* and Huron ahale 8. Shale and limestone (probably indudinK put of the Hamilton) 545 • 685 * Hamilton bfdi 7 Shale and limeatone 153 • gjg « Onondaga limestone 6. Light coloured limestone iso « 1,000 • Detroit River. Sylvania. Ban Island, and Salina Beds 5. Fine-grained dolomite and gypsiferous <*°'o'"«t« 700 " 1.700 « Guelph ddomite 4. Dolomite ,20 - 1,320 • Lockport dolomite 3. Limestone (and dolomite) 105 " 1,925 « Clinton beds and Rochester shale 2. Calcareous and arenaceous shales 95 " 2,020 ■ Medina formation 1. Sandstone and shale 65 « ; ,< 35 « This well reached a total depth of :.365 feet; but no data seem to have been given for the deposits lying below 2085 feet At Dresden, 10 miles to the east of Wallaceburg, well drilieri report 180 feet of black shale overlying the Hamilton beds, and the same outcrops in the river a short distance above Dawn Mills. CHATHAM. At Chatham there is only 118 feet of black shale, while 3 miles to the south of that city it is absent from some of the sections and reduced to but a few feet in others 198 Ruord of a Well in the Northwestern Part of Chatham} Thickness Total *■ ^"" 60 Ft. 60 Ft. Huron shale 7. Black shale jjg u jyg « Hamilton beds 6. Ipperwash limestone and Petrolia shale. 200 " 378 " 5. Widder beds, chiefly limestone 18 " 396 « 4. Olentangy shale, soft grey 37 « 433 « 3. Delaware limestone 50 « 433 « Onondaga limestone 2. Limestone iqq u ^gj « Detroit River series 1. Limestone (and dolomite) 417 « 1,000 " Between Chatham and Charing Cross a number of wells have been drilled by the Canadian Crude Oil Producers. Among these the following is one of exceptional depth which was drilled on lot 24, concession VHI, township of Raleigh, and completed September 8, 1908. The record of this well was furnished by Mr. W. Mcintosh of Petrolia, although a few slight modifi- cauons have been introduced in connexion with the inter- pretation of the driller's log. Record of the Canadian Crude Oil Producers' Well, Lot 24, Concession VIII, Raleigh Township. P Thickness Total Hamilton beds 8. Ipperwash limestone wanting 122 « 7. Petroha shale, soft grey shale with hard shell 4j . Limestone with flint in upper part 130 Ft. 670 Ft. t>etroit River, Sylvania, and Bass Island beds 5. Limestone and dolomite sqq « 1 170 « Salina beds 4. Limestone and shale 350 « ,,520 « i- f^'^f ,- 150 « 1.670 " £. Limestone, easily drilled 255 « 1 925 « Guelph dolomite 1. Hard drilling rock, probably dolomite.. 1 " 1,926 • ESSEX COUNTY SECTIONS. Numerous wells have bern drilled in various parts of this county. They all show that the Devonian is very thin or want- ing over much, and especially the middle portion of it. In the records given by Brumell,* it is hardly probable that more than the very uppermost beds belong in that system. Another and more recent well, with an important section, was drilled on lot 7. concession VI, Anderdon township, by the Sucker Creek Oil and Gas Company'. The following is a record of the rocks penetrated in that well. Record of the Sucker Creek Test Well. . Thickness Total "• ^"^* 60Ft. 60Ft. Onondaga limestone ? 11. Grey limestone, effervesces briskly in ^^' 90 « 150 " Detroit River series 10. B rown dolomite with some limestone . . 260 « 410 « pp. JlsT'"' "■ ^ "•• ^'- ^"'^- ^'"""^''' ^""- '^^P*- ^o'- V. Pt. Q. 1892. p. im"'""' ^'^ '^°"^'' ^'""' ^'"'- ^'^'- ^'"^^ A«=»d- Sd.. 1907. 201 Sylvania sandstone Th.vi,^- t • o iin.-^ J inickness Total 9. White sand in c* aa^^ n, . , . . 30 Ft. 440 Ft. oass Island senes 8. Coarse-grained dolomite go " 500 « 7. Blue dolomite j^y « ^^ « Salina beds ^- ^^P'"" 16 « 683 - 5. Brown dolomite of varying hardness. . 157 « 840 « 4. Bluedolomite jq « g^Q « 3. Light grey dolomite 60 « 950 « 2. Dolomites of varying character and with a trace of salt 175 « j jjs « 1. Salt-bearing beds underlain by a hard brown rock which is probably dolo- , ™";;:-. 19 « 1,144 « **nJ"f^K"n" *° •''^ ''"'°"' '^^"^ ^^^« ^^« a few good out- crops Of the Devoman in this county which add materially to our knowledge of these rocks. wnjuiy to AMHERSTBURG. ot Lake Ene. Rock outcrops in the river at this place and vanity. The region is comparatively level and much of the ^k surface is covered by a greater or lesser thickness of drift Such IS the structure of the bed-rock, however. < at a gr"at tts^rfl'* " ''r''* "P immediately below the drifted this has been partly uncovered for various purposes In ad t^ZsllI: ''^ T°" ""'' '^^" PunctuL^rnumerot ^r of the T"^ ^-thesehaveaddedgreatly to our knowl- DeUt Ril ^ T- ^"""^ °^ ^^"^ ''^^ •'- within the Detroit River series and must, therefore, be left to the suDole- mental report; but there are several good outcrops of tLTon dago which deserve consideration here. The best of theseTs ^t Aequarn^of the AmherstburgStoneCompany (see Plate XV 11) whfrh I r,,'°""*'> ""^ "^"* '^ ™'^^ northeast of town of which the following is a section. I'' 202 Section of the Amherstburg Stone Company's Quarry, Amherstburg. Feet Inches 16. Soil and drift 5 q Onondaga limestone IS. A fairly compact, greyish brown limestone in layers from 1 to 2 feet in thickness 10 8 14. An earthy grey to brown, rather thin-bedded limestone with much fossiliferous, grey chert 2 3 13. A semi-crystalline, grey limestone full of fos- sils and comparatively thin bedded 3 12. A compact, earthy, massive to semi-crystalline grey limestone with few fossils and rather thick bedded 4 9 11. Rather massive, semi-crystalline, grey lime- stone full of fossils 3 4 10. A semi-crystalline, slightly banded, p y to brown limestone with few fossils - . .n beds about 20 inches in thickness 5 9 9. A saccharoidal, brown, magnesian limestone with very few fossi!s. '^Iiis is often one massive bed but shows stylolites along the obscure bedding planes. Sometimes this part of the formation is separated into two, three, or even a half dozen beds. Pockets of calcite crystals occur in this rock 8 8. A very massive, grey to brown, saccharoidal, magnesian limestone containing occasional pockets of calcite crystals and a little fossili- ferous, chalky white chert about 3 leet from the bottom. Except for the cherty nod- ules, these beds are very poor in fossils. They rest unconformably on the Anderdon beds and usually show a basal congicTierate which often includes some sand 10 8 203 Anderdon beds ^eet 7. A compact, drab limestone with numerous fossils. A large, loosely coiled gastropod is usually very conspicuous on the eroded sur- face. The sand above mentioned has often sifted down into the cracks of these and the beds below, and may occasionally be found in considerable quantity even to a depth of 4 or S feet A semi-crystalline, grey limestone with very few fossils 2 A semi-crystalline, grey limestone with an abundance of fossils. Corals and strom- atoporoids are most abundant 4 Compact, banded, drab limestone with a con- choidal fracture, emitting a semi-metallic ring when struck with a hammer 18 Flat Rock dolomite ? 3. A layer of brown, magnesian limestone which forms the base of the larger part of the deep cut of the quarry. It contains a few corals and stromatoporoids 2 Indistinctly banded, rough, thin-bedded lime- stone with crinoidal stems and fragments. . . 1 Compact, drab limestone, rough and irregular. The top of these beds is sometimes very irregular and has a shale parting between it and (Ve overlying rock. Corals and strom- atoporoids are rather common in it 2 Inches 6. 5. 4. 2. 1. 10 204 The following is a list of the Onondago species only in the quarry of the Amherstburg Stone Company, in Anderdon town- 4 (: Anthoxoa Cyttiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Favo»ites turbinatus Billings Heljophylliim corniculum (Lesueur). . . Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime Zaphr«ntis prolifica Billings Zaphreatis ip Horixons Bryozoa Cystodictya gilberti (Meek). Fenestellasp Brachiopoda Athyris vittata indianaensis Staulfer Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Atrypa spinosa Hall Camarotoechia sp Chonetes lineatus (Conrad) Chonetes mucronatus Ha!l Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall LepUena rhomboidalit (Wikkens i . . . ! Nudeospira concinna Hall Pholidops patina Hall and Clarice. . Pholidostrophia iowaensis (Owen) Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Schellwienella pandora (Billings). . . Schizophoria propinqua Hall Spirifer lucasensis Stauffer Spirifer macrus Hall Spirifer varicosus Hall Stropheodonta concava Hall Stropheodonu demissa (Conrad) Stropheodonu hemispherica Hall Stropheodonta inequistriau (Conr„d) . Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad) 10 11 12:13 14 IS X X X I X I X I X I " 20 Pelecypoda Conocardium cuneus (Conrad) . Paracyclas elliptica Hall Gastropoda Eurycona ludna (Kali) Pteropoda TentaculitM acalariformis Hall. . Cephalopoda Gyrocerassp Trilobita Dalmanites sp Phacops cristata Hall Proetus row! (Green) 9 to Horizons 11 1 12! 13 1 14 -L 15 ' i i ., X I X |. I i ' I Pisces Macropetalichthy. rapheidolabis Norwood and i Owen j Onychodus^sigmoidM Newberry .. ....... I bacWrom th K ."f*^.*"' ^^'^*"" Krant. a short distance SJet isTsian f "^ ^^' ^"*' "^^ '^' '"°"^»' °^ B'K creek. Sune .1 .^ °"''™'? '°"'''*'"« °^ ^^^' 2 feet of semi-crys- Foraminifera Calcisp..aera robusta Williamson. Anthozoa Favoeites turbinatus Billings. Heliophyllum comiculum (Lesueur). Zaphrentis prolifica Billings. 206 BryotM Cyttodictya gilbertl (Meek). FcnettelU ip. Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularii (Lintueus). Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Leptaena rhomboidalii (Wilckent). Nudeospira condn'ia Hall. Schizophoria propinqua Hall. Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad). Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad). Pelecypoda Paracyda* elliptica Hall. Pteropoda TentacuUtea icalariformit Hall. ■I PELEE ISLAND. This is the largest of the group of islands near the western end of Lake Erie. It is situated of! the main land about 25 miles to the south of Leamington. Much of the interior of the island lies low, while the south shore and the point are chiefly sand. Nevertheless, a large part of the island is rock, as is the case with all the others of the associated group. The Onon- daga limestone skirts the north and east shores for a consider- able distance and forms the back-bone of a ridge near the centre of the island. The best sections are to be found where the chief quarrying has been done near the north and west docks. Capt. Jack Mc- Cormick's quarry (see Plate XIX) is near the club house at the northwest corner of the island where the following section may be seen. f Section of Capt. Jack MeCormick's Quarry, Ptlee Island. Feet Inches 6. Soil and drift 1 q Onondaga limestone 5. A rather thin-bedded, grey to brown limestone weathered to buff at the top 6 4. Semi-crysUlline, bluish grey limestone full of fossils and containing petroleum in the cavities of the fossils 2 3. Rather porous, grey to brown limestone in which the fauna is large but ccspicuous only on the weathered surfaces 11 2 2. A massive, grey to brownish limestone which corresponds to the "Bottom Rock" of the Kelly Island quarries. It is usually one massive layer; but at places it breaks into several beds 7 6 1. Covered interval to the level of Lake Erie 1 6 From the rocks exposed in Capt. Jack MeCormick's quarry the folloT-'ing fossils were collected. Horizons Foraminifera 2 3 4 S Calcisphaera robusta Williamson X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Anthozoa Acervularia rugosa Milne-Edwards and Haime Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne-Edwards and Haime Favosites e^imonsi Rominger Favosites hemisphericus (TroMt) Favosites pleurodictyoides Nicholson Favosites turbinatus Billings Heliophyllum corniculum (Lesueur) X 208 Anthofoa— Cottlii. Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwardtsnd Haime. . Syringopora hitingeri Dillingi Syringopora ubuUta Milnc-Edwardt and Haime. Zaphrentit gigantea Leaueur Zaphrentia prolifica Biltinp Hortaona Hydroio* Stromatoporella granulata Nicholaon. . . StromatopofcUa tuberculata Nkholaon. BryoM* Cyttodictya gUberti (Meek) Feneatella tp Monotryp* tenuia (Hall) Semicoadnium miriable (Nicholaon) . I! Brachiopoda Atrypa reticularia (Linncua) Camarotoechia Carolina Hall Camarotoechia ip Chonetea mucronatua Hall Crytina hamiltonenaii Hall Eunella lincklaeni Hall Leptaena rhomboidalia (Wilckena) . Nucleoapira concinna Hall Pentamerella arata (Conrad) Pholidops patina Hall and Clarke. . Productella spinulicoata Hall Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall Schixophoria ^nvpinqua Hall Spirifer acuminatus (Conrad) Spirifer duodenarius (Hall) Spirifer manni Hall Stropheodonta concava Hall Stropheodonta demissa (Conrad) . . Stropheodonta hemiapherica Hall. . Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad) . I 209 HoriaoM Pticcypoda 2 Avkulopccten princept (Conrad) | % Conocardium cunciu (Conrmd) ! x PUmeyclap elUptka Hall Gaitropoda Euryioiie ludna (Biltinp). . . . PIcuronotiM daccwi (fiiUinga) . Pteropoda Tentaculitea Kalariformit Hall. TriloMu Proetut row! (Green) . .. i X X I I : I i . . : X X Near the west dock Mr. William McCormick has quarried in a rock which is very similar to that of the lower part of the quarry at the north end of the island, but including also some- what lower layers (see Plate XX). The following h a section of the rocks exposed at that place. Section oj William McCormick's Quarry, Pelee Island. Feet 1 4. Soil and drift Onondaga limestone 3. Comparatively thin-bedded, grey to greyish brown limestone 5 2. Massive, grey to greyish brown limestone, almost a solid single layer, "Bottom Rock" . . 9 Grey to brown limestone which is fairly massive but breaks into several layers. Fossils occur in streaks which appear to be more crystalline than the rest. These beds extend to the level of the water in the bottom of the quarry 5 Inches 6 1. »0 The following fauna was collected from the rocin expowd in the William McCormtck quarry. Foraminifcn CakiaphMra robutta WUIUimm Anthofo* AcervuUria rugoM MUne-Edw«rd« aiid Haime Crepidophyllum archiaci Billings Cyttiphyltum veiiculcMum GoldfuM Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne-Edwardi and Haim* Favoaitet pleurodictyoides Nicholaon FavotitM polymorphus Goldfuit Favositei turbinatui Billings Hetiophyllum corniculum (Lcsueur) Heliophyllum halti Milne-Edwards and Haime Syringopora tabulata Milne-Edwards and Haime Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur Zaphreptis prolifica Billings Hydrotoa Stromatoporeila granulata Nicholson Bryoaoa Cystodictya gilberti (Meek) Fenestella paralleU Hall Brachiopoda Athyria vittata indianaensis Stauffer Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Chonetes hemisphericus Hall Chonetes mucronatus Hall Nucleospira condnna Hall Productelta spinulicosta Hall Rhipidomella vanuxeml Hall Schizophoria propinqua Hall Spirifer acuminatus (Conrad) Spirifer gregarius Clapp Horisons 211 Horltom Brachiopoite— CmM. I 2 J Spiriftr nwimi Hall > t Strophtodonu dcmliM (Connd) Scrophtodonta hemispherica Hall Strophaodonu pcrplana (Conrad) Pelecypoda 1 PkracydM clUptka Hall I GaMropoda EuryfoM ludna (Hall) •• Ptatyceras carinatum Hall *J .■ Platycerat ap Pleuronotut dccewi (BilUngt) > Pteropoda Tentaculitca icalariformia Hall X Trilobiu Coronura diunu (Green) Proetut row! (Green) a KIDDLE ISLAND. This 18 a small island lying just south of Pelee and near the International Boundary line. It is practically a solid mass of limestone slightly covered by drift, with a spur of gravel extend- ing to the westward. The following is a section of the rocks exposed on the south side of the island. "i f: j: 212 Section of th- Onondaga Limestone Exposed on Middle Island. Feet Inches 4. Soil and drift 6 Onondaga limestone 3. Weathered g^ey limestone passing into a thin- bedded, grey to brown limestone above 4 8 2. Semi-crystalline, grey limestone containing Spirifer acuminatus associated with Aviculo- Pecten clean 4 1. Semi-crystalline, grey limestone extending to the level of Lake Erie 3 6 A general collection of fossils from the rocks of Middle island was made, and the following list obtained. Foraminifera Calcisphaera robusta Williamson. Anthozoa Acervularia rugoea Milne-Edwards and Haime. Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne-Edwards and Haime. Favosites turbinatus Billings. Favosites sp. Heliophyllum comiculum (Lesueur). Heliophylluin halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Zaphrentis prolifica Billings. Zaphrentis sp. Bryozoa Cystodictya gilberti (Meek). Fenestella sp. Monotrypa tenuis Hall. Brachiopoda Athyris vittata indianaensis Stauffer. Atrypa reticularis (Linnsus). Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Nudeospira concinna Hall. 213 Brachiopoda — CoiUd. Pholidops patina Hall and Clarke. Productella spinulicosta Hall. Rhipidomella vanuxem< .r.I! Schizophoria prop' icua !i.:'i. Spirifer acuminaf i ^Conrad). Spirifer Kregarius _lap;.. Spirifer manni Ha . Stropheodonta cov •;> Tail. Stropheodonta demisaa (Conrad;. Pelecypoda Aviculopectcn cleon Hall. Aviculopecten princeps (Conrad). Conocardium cuneus (Conrtd). Grammysia nodocostata ( ?) Hall. Paracyclas elliptica Hall. Gastropoda Diaphorostoma lineatum (Conrad). Platyceras carinatum Hall. Platyceras echinatum Hall. Pleuronotus decewi (Billings). Pleurotomaria sp. Pteropoda Tentaculites scalariformis Hall. Trilobita Phacops cristata Hall. Proetus rowi (Green). SUMMAR Y AND CONCL USION. From the preceding pages it is evident that there is a marked unconformity between the uppermost Silurian and the lower- most Devonian of Ontario. This old erosion surface is often markedly uneven. The oldest undisputed Devonian formation of the province is the Oriskany sandstone which is identical in 214 age with the formation of the came name in New York state. It is also evident that the Oriskany is patchy in its occurrence, due to the period of erosion which intervened between its dep- osition and the time when the Onondaga sea spread over the same region. The Springvale sandstone, which has sometimes been confused with the Oriskany, is distinct from it and is, in fact, basal Onondaga. The three rather prominent lithological divisions ot the Onondaga in the Fort Erie region are not faunally distinct and probably merge into each other to the westward. The fauna of the lowest division, which differs somewhat from the over- lying beds and resembles slightly the Schoharie fauna may be traced northwestward to Port Elgin, but could not be found in the extreme southwestern part of the province. It thus seems pro- bable that the lowest Onondaga beds are wanting there. The Delaware limestone, a name taken over from the Ohio classification, is rather widespread in Ontario. In its outcrops it has usually been confused with the Onondaga limestone, as has often been the case with its Ohio equivalent; but in well sections it has been considered as Hamilton. It is, in fact, transitional in character and fauna between these two formations and of about the age of the Marcellus shale of New York. Its fauna contains many of the Marcellus forms. The Hamilton includ s rather more than the same for- mation in Ohio or even western New York, but is probably not quite so extensive as the Traverse group of northern Michigan. The four divisions used for this formation are probably not of very great importance. The name, Olentangy shale, of the lowest subdivision, is also taken over from the Ohio classification. In that state it is the only representative of the true Hamilton, except in the vicinity of Sandusky where the lower portion of the Widder beds also occurs. The other subdivisional names are of local origin. As a whole the Ontario Hamilton is more closely related to the Michigan deposits than to those of western New York and, like the former, its fauna shows a closer relation- ship to the late Onondaga. The black shale at Kettle point, which Dr. Kindle has cor- related with the Huron of Ohio, covers quite a large area in 215 southw-stem Ontario. Although it carries forms common to the Genesee shale of New York, it undoubtedly passes into the Huron shale and to the southward rests on progressively older and older beds. The Port Lambton beds do not outcrop within the province, unless the uppermost layers at Kettle point, Kingstone mills! and Alvinston belong to them. It is possible that they include beds somewhat younger than those usually referred to the Devonian. 15 216 CHAPTER III. FAUNAL DISCUSSION. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Devonian was a period during which more or less isolated portions of most of the continents were covered by shal- low arms or embayments of the sea. In these lived faunas which, because of the limited possibility of intermigration, differed materially from each other and have, therefore, been called pro- vincial. The more these faunas are studied, however, the more is found in common between them. Some of the more important areas of Devonian rocks occur in southern Australia anO a portion of New Zealand, South Africa, the region north of Lake Tchad in the Sahara, the northern and southern provinces of Eurojje, a portion of Asia Minor and Persia, north central Siberia , central and southern China, Portions of Japan, several important areas in South America, and the various provinces of North America. Notwithstanding the provincialism of these areas they all bear certain broad faunal relations to each other, as might be ex- pected Jistant parts of the sea of any period. Certain species of corals and brachiopods are found in Europe, Asia, Australia, and South America which are either identical with or so closely related to North American forms that they are separated with great difficulty. The relationship between the Devonian faunas of North America and Europe, and again between those of North and South America is so close that it is certain conditions developed favouring migration between these portions of the Devonian sea. In North America the Devonian outcrops and regions covered by these formations may be grouped into five general areas.' 'See Williams, H. S., Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. XXXV, 1888, pp. 51-59 Kindle, E. M., Jour. Geol. vol. XV, 1907, pp. 314-337. Stauffer, C. R., Geol. Surv. Ohio, 4th ser.. Bull. 10, 1909, p. 158. BHI 217 (a) The Eastern Border Area, including Gaspe, New Bruns- wick, and northern New England. (b) The Eastern Continental Area, best known in New York, Ontario, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, southern Illinois, Kentucky,' and less perfectly southward to the Gulf states. (c) The Interior Continental Area, developed in west central Illinois, in Missouri, Iowa, and thence northward through Mani- toba and along the valley of the Mackenzie river to the Arctic. (d) The Western Continental Area, in the Great Basin region, including portions of Nevada, California, and adjacent ter- ritory. (e) The Western Border Area, including the Devonian rocks of the islands off the southeastern coast of Alaska. The Ontario Devonian lies within the Eastern Continental Area, which itself was sorr.ov/hat complicated by various ex- pansions or basins with restricted connexions and oscillating boundaries. This has caused various parts of the area to differ slightly in their faunas at any particular interval and has pro- duced differences which are not always clear in their fragmentary preservation. It includes the three most important types of sedimentary rocks— sandstone, shale, and limr ",tone. Associated with these differing rocks are faunas which are markedly dis- similar although not always entirely distinct. Even within the same formation there is often a differentiation of the species into measurably independent faunules. Some of these are un- doubtedly the result of the varying conditions of sedimentation, others are chiefly the inevitable result of the lapse of time, and still others are due to the intermigration of species from the more or less isolated basins in which provincial faunas had been de- veloping since the close of the Silurian period. Probably this latter is chiefly connected with the interval rather late in the period, when the spreading seas permitted a mingling from the westward of the slightly different faunas of the various provinces. There is a noticeable difference, too, between the Ontorio Devonian faunas and those of the typical deposits of New York. This is ^pecially true of the most westeriy deposits where the Ontario Devonian often contai.is forms which appear at a somewhat later Devonian date in the easter states. 3 9S 218 ORISKANY FAUNA. The oldest Ontario fauna of undoubted Devonian age is the Oriskany. It is found in the remnant of that sandstone occurring a few miles to the west of DeCewville, and is the characteristic association of species which is so well known in the Oriskany deposits to the south and east. Of its species 83 per cent are known in New York state and 6J per cent of the remainder are doubtfully identified, while 3 species are not known to occur elsewhere in the Oriskany. Only one species not usually occurring in as old deposits v^as collected here and that, Strophon- ella ample, is found at least in the Schoharie grit of New York and in the Grande Greve limestone (undifferentiated Oriskany) of Gaspe. Twenty-five per cent of the species are common to the Onondaga; but these have also been found in the Oriskany of other regions and in many cases are as characteristic of its fauna as of that of the Onondaga. Neariy as many are also found in the Helderbergian. The facts in the case, therefore, do not support the supposed mingling of the Oriskany and Onondaga faunas* at this place, but show them to be as distinct as at any other locality. The Oriskany is a southern and eastern fauna. It is found undifferentiated among the Devoniari deposits of the Gaspe region,' and partially developed in the lowest Devonian of Brazil.* Just how much influence this South American fauna may have had on the North American Devonian is rather difficult to say. There is some evidence indicating that both regions were receiving immigrants from the same faunal province rather than that either region acted as a recruiting station for the other. The South American Devonian fauna is probably more closely allied to that of the Bokkeveld* beds of South Africa than to any of the Devonian faunas of this continent. •Nicholson, H. A., Palseontology of Ontario, Toronto, 1874, pp. 7, 8. •Clarke, J. M., N.Y. State Museum Memoir 9, 1908, p. 251. •Katzer, Friedrich, Grundzuge der unteren Amazonas gebietes, 1903, pp. 192-211. «Reid, Ann. South African Museum, vol. IV, pts. 3 and 4, 1903-4. (Cited and quoted by Schuchert). Jour. Geol. vol. 14, 1906, p. 739. m 219 The Oriskany fauna also occurs in the Camden chert of western Tennessee and southern Illinois. Hence there must have been an embayment of shallow water extending northward from the Gulf of Mexico or westward from the Atlantic, as the Oriskany is not known to be continuous across the gion intervening between Ontario and western Tennessee. This, however, was probably late in Oriskany time, as the deposit of southern Illinois seems to contain only the upper Oriskany fauna. In these btnJs there occur, in fact, many forms not usually found below the base of the Onondaga, .-ind sedimen- tation is said to be continuous into the latter formation.' ONONDAGA FAUNA. The Onondaga fauna is made up of a great number of elements. Many species lingered over from the Oriskany of this region. Others immigrated from distant seas as the shallow waters became so connected as to make intermigration possible. Undoubtedly a great many forms changed rapidly under the modified conditions of life so that their descendants in the next younger stage are classed as new species. Hindia fibrosa, the only important sponge, was found to be quite common in the vicinity of Hagersville. This form, primarilly considered a Silurian species, occurs throughout the Devonian of Gaspe* and has been collected from the Helderbergian of New York, but has not been reported from the Onondaga limestone before. It represents an interesting invasion of the province, probably from Gaspe by way of New York, by a form which must have been approaching extinction. Corals are among the abundant and most characteristic fossils of the Onondaga of Ontario. The Devonian deposits of South America' arc almost destitute of these organisms, while in southern Illinois they are few and unimportant. The same thing may be said regarding the de- posits of this age in Gaspe. In the middle Devonian of western 'Savage, T. E., loc. cit. p. 113. •Clarke, J. M., N.Y. State Mus. Mem. 9, 1908, pp. 243-249. •For a recent account of the Devonian of Brazil see Clark, J. M., Mono- graphias do Servico Geologico e Mineralogico do Brazil, vol. I, Rio de Janeiro, 1 »1 J 220 Europe and of northern Asia, on the other hand, there is a rich coral fauna.' The identity of some of these species and the marked similarity of others makes it certain that intermigration took place between these Eurasian localities and this Ontario region. The abundance of corals in the Devonian deposits around James bay' has suggested that these forms may have been introduced into America from Europe by way of the north. Some additional strength is given to this conclusion by a consider- ation of the abundant Silurian corals in Wisconsin*, Iowa*, and Michigan. If at the close of the Silurian these forms migrated northward to some still unknown province,' just such relation might be expected when favourable conditions induced their return. In the Detroit River series of southwestern Ontario and adjacent parts of Michigan, especially in the beds which have been called the Amherstburg dolomite*, there is a large and varied fauna which contains many forms closely related to those of the On- ondaga. This is true not only of the corals but of the brachio- pods, pelecypods, gastropods, cephalopods, and trilobites as well. Although Dr. Kindle considers it to be Devonian, the fauna probably falls within the Silurian, according to the present definition of that system ; but there can be no doubt that it is in part ancestral to the Onondaga of the same region. There is, however, a long break between the deposition of the sediments in which it occurs and the advance of the Onondaga sea. During this interval the Detroit River fauna must have migrated tr some distant point for the rc.^ion was converted into dry I? id and subjected to prolonged erosion. Bryozoa are well represented in the Onondaga of Ontario as in most other parts of the Eastern Continental Area. These >Lebedew, N., Mem. du Comit6 Gtelogique, Vol. XVII, No. 2, 1902, pp. 1-130, 137-180. •Parks, W. A , 13th Kept. Ont. Bur. Mines, 1903, p. 181. •Chamberlin, T. C, Geol. Surv. Wisconsin, Vol. II, 1877, pp. 349-371. ♦Calvin, Samuel, Geol. Surv. Iowa, Vol. V, 1896, pp. 79-81. •Weller, Stuart, Jour. Geol., Vol. X, 1902, p. 429. •Crabau, A. W. and Sherrer, W. H., Michigan Geol. and Biol. Surv., Pub. 2, Geol. ser. 1, 1909 (1910), pp. 87-223, pis. VIII-XXIX. w 221 forms are rather unimportant in the Gaspe region.' while in the Parana district of Brazil they are entirely wanting. In the early Devonian of New York they are quite abundant and. in many cases, very similar to these middle Devonian forms under discussion. It thus seems probable that the Onondaga Bryozoa are largely a local evolution product of the earlier forms in the same period. Some of the brachiopods show evidences of origin in quite a different direction. Anoplia nudeala, Centron- ella glansfagia, Chonostrophia reversa, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Spirifer duodenanus, Spirijer macrolhyris, Stropheodonla per- plana, etc., make their first appearance in the Oriskany of south- ern Illinois.' Some of these same forms lived in the lowest Devonian of South America.' Among the..a may be mentioned Anoplia nucleata, Amphigenia elongata, Spirifer duodenarius? Stropheodonla demissa, and seven or eight species closely related to Onondaga forms.^ In the Grande Grevc limestone of Gaspe a great many Onondaga brachiopods occur in what is es.sentially an Oriskany fauna. Among these are Cemrondla ^lansfagea, Delthyris raricosta. Reticularia fimbriata, Stropheodonla parva, Stropheodonta patersoni, Sirophonella ampla, etc.' Undoubtedly these species migrated ii;to this interior region v,ith the advance of the sea in that direction. The pelecypod element is not as important as in the same formation (Columbus limestone) in Ohio. In general the Fele- cypoda is more widely distributed than other classes in the Onondaga fauna and they are thus of much less value as in- dicators of migratory routes. It is worthy of note, however, that in the Devonian area of Parana, Brazil, Dr. Clarke dis- 'Clarke, J. M , N.Y. Siatc Museum, .Mem. 9. 1908, pp. 243-249. 'Savage, T. E., Op. cit. p. 113. 'Katzer, Friedrich, Grumlzuge dcr untt-rcn Amazonas ijebietes. 1903 pp. 192-196, 202, 210, 211, and pis. X, XI. Also Konold. Reinhart, Neues Jahrbuch. vol. XXV (Bt-ilaee Band) 1908, pp. 573-574. ' '" ♦Clarke, J. M., .\rchivo8 do Museu National do Rio de Janeiro vol X 1897-1899 (1899). pp. 166-168. 'Clarke, J. M., N.Y. State Museum, Mem. 9, 1908, p. 251. 222 covered a complete absence of Aviculid* and Pterineids,' both of which are not uncommon in the Ontario Devonian. The Kastropods are rather abundant. Many of those in the check- list, given with this report, have been found only in the limited zone along the shore of Lake Erie to the cast of Port Dover. This faunal horizon contains the same gastropods preserved in the chalky white chert in the same manner as they are in the Eversole chert zone' at the foot of Robinsi-ns hill in central Ohio, to which it is certainly equivalent. Many of these forms also occur in the James Bay region; but the gastropods are not important members of the Onondaga of southern Illinois or of the Devonian of South America. The Detroit River series of south- western Ontario and the adjacent portions of Michigan contain a large number of gastropods, many of which are remarkably similar to those of the Onondaga. A like relation exists between it ami certain of the older Silurian faunas, so that it wouid seem much of the gastropod element may have been indigenous to the region or at least a developmental product of the Silurian. The cephalopout are not to 1 e considered as independent formations. Some of the more characteristic fossil 226 .1 * i. species of the Olentangy shale as exposed in Ontario a.K:Arthra' cantha punctobranchiata, Palaeaster eucharis, HedereUa canadensis, Hederella filiformis, Chonetes defiectus, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Spirifer mucronatus arkonense, Stropheodonta detnissa, Nuculites triqueter, Leda rostellata, Paracyclas lirata, Platyceras rarispinosum, Styliolina fissurella, TenlaculiUs attenuatus, Bactrites arkonensis, Tornoceras uniangularis, Spirorbis omphalodes, Phacops rana, etc. Among these Leda rostellata, Bactrites arkonensis, Tornoceras uniangularis, and a few others are pyritized and always occur together just as they do in the Olentangy shale of northern Ohio. The Widder beds are characterized by an abundant fauna, among which the following may be cited as rather characteristic : Cysti- phyllum vesiculosum, Favosites billingsi, Heliophyllum halli, Trachypora elegantula, Cadaster canadensis, Eleutherocrinus cas- sedayi, Pentremitidae filosa, Spirorbis angulatus, Spirorbis ark- onensis, Spirorbis spinulifera, Ascodictyon stellatum, Botryllopora socialis, Cystodictya hamiltonensis, Fenestella arkonensis, Hederella canadensis, Vinella devonica, Ambocoelia umbonata, Athyris spiriferoides, Athyris vittata, Chonetes defiectus, Chonetes cor- onatus, Camaroloechia thedfordensis, Cyclorina nobilis, Delthyris sculptilis, Leiorhynchus laura, Pentagonia unisukata, Schizophoria striatula, Spirifer mucronatus thedfordensis, Stropheodonta demissa, Stropheodonta concava, Tropidoleptus carinatus, Pterinea flabellum, Phanerotinus laxus, Orthoceras subulatum, Orthoceras lambtonensis, Cryphaeus boothi, Phacops rana, etc. The Petrolia shale does not outcrop and consequently its fauna is not known. The Ipperwash limestone outcrops at several places, but chiefly along either side of Ipperwash beach, Lake Huron. Some of its more characteristic fossils are: Dendropora alternata, Syringopora nobilis, Ancyrocrinus bulbosus, Cystodictya incisurata, Fenestella emaciata, Streblotrypa hamiltonensis, Athyris spiri- feroides, Cyrtina hamiltonensis, Spirifer mucronatus, Spirifer granulosus, Stropheodonta demissa, Orthoceras eriense, Phacops rana, etc. These divisions represent the whole of the Hamilton in Ontario and their fauna is made up of the characteristic forms; but there is still another division, the Alpena limestone, which in many respects is markedly different from any other Devonian 227 deposit in the province, also of Hamilton age. It is chiefly characterized by the abundance of stromatoporoids which occur, associated with corals, in great massive reefs. The fauna is made up chiefly of derivatives from the Onondaga. This is probably because it is a pure limestone deposit and, therefore, in- vited the return of the Onondaga remnant together with other forms suited to a calcareous sea. Its true relationship has been determined only by a study of the deposits at Alpena, Michigan, where it occurs in the middle Hamilton. As a whole the Hamil- ton is a derivative from the Onondaga fauna, but it also contains certain foreign elements which are equally characteristic. Among these latter forms are Ambocoelia umbonata, Chonetes coronatus, and Tropidoleplus carinatus, which occur in the early Devonian of Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentine,' although a single specimen of Tropidoleplus carinatus has also been found in the Oriskany of Maryland.' Other species, such as Athyris spiriferoides {con- cenlrica) and Schizophoria striatula are represented in the middle Devonian of Europe and may have migrated from that locality. The upper Devonian faunas are represented by the few fossils found in the black shale at Kettle point, which Dr. Kindle has correlated with the Huron of Ohio. Lingula ligea is common to the Hamilton, Genesee, and Portage of New York, and the Eureka district of Nevada. Lingula spatulata, which is occasion- ally found at Kettle point, occurs in the Genesee and Portage of New York, and is likewise found in Russia and Brazil. Among the conodonts Prioniodus acicularis, Prioniodus spicatus, Poly- gnathus dubius, and Polygnathus palmalus, are common to the Genesee of New York, while Polygnathus truncatus and Prioniodus panderi occur in the Hamilton of New York. This is ( crtainly a significant fact when the age of these beds is under considera- tion. The fish remains are more or less fragmentary, but ap- 'Knod, Reinhold, Neues Jahrbuch, vol. XXV (Beilage Band), 1908. pp. 545-55 1. Also Ulrich, Arnold, Neues Jahrbuch, vol. VIII (Beilage Band), 1893, pp. 73-75, 79, 80. And Bordenberger, W., Zeit. d. Deut. Geol. Ges., vol. XL VI I, 1896, pp. 748-754. •Schuchert, Charles, Jour. Geol., vol. XIV, 1906, p. 733. 228 parently belong to the same forms Huron shale of Ohio. as those occurring in the CHECK LIST OF THE DEVONIAN FA UNAS. The following check-list of the Ontario Devonian includes all forms known to occur in these formations in this province. All provisional identifications, and usually those with no species identified, have been omitted. Fauna and Flora of the Huron Shale of Ontario. Plantae Pseudobornia inomatus (Dawson). Knorria sp. Lepidcxlendron primaevum Rodgers. Protoialvinia huronensis (Dawson). Brachiopoda Linguta ligea Hall. Lingula spatulata Vanuxem. Vermtt Polygnathus coronatrs Hinde. Polygnathus ? curvatus Hinde. Polygnathus dubius Hinde. Polygnathus duplicatus Hinde. Polygnathus immersus Hinde. Polygnathus palmatus Hinde. Polygnathus radiatus Hinde. Polygnathus ? serratus Hinde. Polygnathus truncatus Hinde. Polygnathus universus Hinde. Prioniodus acicularis Hinde. Prioniodus panderi Hinde. Prioniodus spicatus Hinde. Pisus Dtnichthys sp. Rhadinichthys sp. Stenosteus sp. |i . -£ ^ 229 Fauna of the Hamilton Beds of Ontario. Spongia Aitraeoapoiqia hamiltonensis Meek and Worthen. Receptaculites neptuni Defrance. Anihotoa Acervularia davidsoni Milne-Edwards and Haime. Acervularia profunda Hall. Alveolites goldfussi Billings. Alveolites roemeri Billings. Aulacophyllum sulcatum (d'Orbigny). ' ■■' " yra cornuta Billings, .ora serpens Rominger. ..alopora tubaeformis Goldfuss. Bothrophyllum conatum Hall. Ceratopora agglomerata Grabau. Ceratopora dichotoma Grabau. Ceratopora intermedia (Nicholson). Ceratopora jackaoni Grabau. Cladopora alpenensis Rominger. Cladopora cryptodens (Billings). Cladopora fisheri (Billings). Cladopora frondosa (Nicholson). Cladopora labiosa (Billings). Cladopora robusta Rominger. Cladopora roemeri (Billings). Craspedophyllum archiaci (Billings). Craspedophyllum subcaespitosum (Nicholson). Cyathophyllum zenkeri Billings. Cystiphyllum conifollis Hall. Cystiphylliim superbum Nicholson. Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss. Dendropora altemans Rominger. Eridophyllum strictum Milne-Edwards and Haime. Favosites alpenensis Winchell. Favosites arbuscula Hall. Favosites billingsi Rominger. Favosites canadensis (Billings). Favosites clausus Rominger Favosites digitatus Rominger. Favosites hamiltoniae Hall. Favosites limitaris Rominger. Favosites nitellus Winchell. 230 1i 9 Favoaites placentua Rominger. Favositea radiatus Rominger. Favosites radiciformis Rominger. Favofites reticulatus deBlainville. Favosites tuberosus Rominger. Favosites turbinatus Billings. Heliophyltum confluens Hall. Heliophyllum comiculum (Lesueur). Heliophyllum exiguum Billings. Heliophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Heliophyllum infoviatum (Davis). Heliophyllum juvene (Rominger). Heliophyllum tenuiceptatum Billings. Michelinia insignis Rominger. Microcydus discus Meek and Worthen. Monilopora antiqua Whiteaves. PhilUpsastrea vemeuilli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Roemeria ramosa Whiteaves. Striatopora linnaeana Billings. Syringopora intermedia Nicholson. Syringopora nobilis Billings. Syringopora perelegans Billings. Trachypora elegiintula Billings. Trachypora ornata Rominger. Zaphrentis prolifica Billings. Hydrotoa Clathrodictyon retiforme (Nicholson and Murie). Stromatoporella granulata Nicholson. Stromatoporelta incrustans Hall and Whitfield. Stromatoporella mammillata Nicholson. Stromatopora monticulifera Winchell. Stromatopora pustulifera Winchell. Crinoidea Ancyrocrinus bulbosus Hall. Arthracantha punctobranchiata Williams. Botryocrinus crassus (Whiteaves). Dolatocrinus canadensis Whiteaves. Dolatocrinus lamellosus Hall. Dolatocrinus liratus Hall. Dolatocrinus subaculeatu< Whiteaves. Genneaocrinus arkonensis Whiteaves. GilbertsocrinuB spinigerus Hall. Megistocrinus rugosus I. yon and Casseday. Taxocrinus lobatus Hall. m'' 231 Blatloidia Codaster canadenaif Billingi. Eleutberocrinus canedayi Shunuud and Yandell. 'jj^ Granatocrinus leda Hall. 5^ Nudeocrinui elegaiu Conrad. Nudeocrinus ludna Hall. Pentremites lycorias Hall. Pentremittdea filoaa Whiteavet. Asteroidea Palaeaster eucharis Hall. Vermes Arabellites arcuatus Hinde. Arabellites politus Hinde. Aenonites compactus Hinde. Autodetus lindstroemi Clarke. Eunidtes ? alveolatus Hinde. Eunidtea nanus Hinde. Eunidtes palmatus Hinde. Eunidtes tumidus Hinde. Nereidavus solitarius Hinde. Ortonia intermedia N' '•(on. Spirorbis angulatus Spirorbis arkonensis N.^no i. Spirorbis omphalodes Goldl . Spirorbis spinulifenis Nidiolson. Bryozoa Ascodictyon fusiforme Nicholson and Etheridge. Ascodictyon stellatum Nicholson and Etheridge. Botryllopora sodalis Nicholson. Coscinella cosdniformis (Nicholson). Coscinella elegantula (Hall and Clarke). Coscinium striatum HaU and Clarke. Cycloporina hemicyclus Hall. Cystodictya hamiltonensis Ulrich. Cystodictya indsurata (Hall). Cystodictya meeki (Nicholson). Cystodictya rectilinea (HaU and Simpwn). Eridotrypa ? obliqua (Ulrich). Fenestella arkonensis Whiteaves. Fenestella emadau Hall. M 1 ,- ^^ 232 FeneatelU nicholaoni Whiteavet. Fenestrapora biperfofata Hall. Feneatrapora occidentalis Ulrich. Fiatulipora huroneiuts (Nicholaon). Fiatulipora incraaaata (Nicholaon). Fiatulipora monticulata Ulrich. Fiatulipora ramoaa (Hall and Simpaon). Fiatulipora romingeri (Nicholaon and Foord). Fiatulipora apinulifera Rominger. Fiatulipora aubtrigona (Hall and Simpaon). Fiatulipora utriculua Rominger. Fiatulipora vesiculata (Hall and Simpaon). Hederella canadensia (Nicholaon). Hederella drrhoaa (Hall). Hederella filiformia (Billinga). Hederella magna Hall. Hemitrypa cribrosa (Hall). Heterotrypa ? barrandei (Nicholaon). Heterotrypa ? moniliformia (Nicholaon). Leptotrypa ? quadrangularia (Nicholaon). Lioclema digitatum (Hall). Lioclema minutiaaimum (Nicholaon). Lioclema multaculeatum (Hall). Lioclema subtile (Hall). Loculipora perforata (Hall). Meekopord stellifera (Rominger). Orthopora carinata (Hall and Simpaon). Orthopora elongau (Hall and Simpaon). Orthopora lineata (Hall and Simpaon). Paleachpra intercella Hall. Paleachara ? reticulata Hall. Pinacotrypa elegans (Rominger). Pinacotrypa atellata (Hall). Pinacotrypa variapora (Hall). Polypora arkonensis Miller. Polypora fistulata (Hall). Polypora latitruncata (Hall). Polypora multiplex (Hall). Ptilopora atriata Hall. Reteporidta aduata (Hall). Reteporidra cinctuta (Hall). Reteporidra perundata (Hall). Reteporina prisca (Nicholaon). Reteporina atriata (Hall). Rhombopora carinata Hall and Simpaon. Rhombopora aubangulata Ulrich. i^. ^ 233 Scalaripora canadeiuu Whiteavn. SemkoKiiiiuni davidiom (Nicholwn). SemicoKiiiium iabiatum (Hall). Semiopora biitigmata Hall. Stictopora ? ? incrasaata (Hall). Stictoporina plumea (Hall and Siinp«>n). Streblotrypa hamiltonensii (Nichobon). Taeniopora exigua Nicholson. Taeniopora penniformis Nicholaon. Taeniopora subcarinata (Hall). Unitrypa tcalaris (Hall). Vinella devonica Cleland. Brachiopoda Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrmd). Athyris cora Hall. Athyris spiriferoides Eaton. Athyris vittata Hall. Atrypa reticularis (Linneaus). Atrypa spinosa Hall. Camarotoechia billingsi Hall. Canuirotoechia dotis Hall. Camarotoechia prolifica Hall. Camarotoechia sappho Hall. Camarotoechia tethys (Billings). Camarotoechia thedfordensis Whiteavca. Charionella scitula Hall. Chonetes coronatus Coniad. Chonetes deflectus Hall. Chonetes lepidus Hall. Chonetes lineatus Conrad. Chonetes mucronatus Hall. Chonetes scitulus Hall. Cranaena romingeri Hall. Crania crenistriata Hall. Crania favincola Hall and Clarke. Craniella hamiltoniae Hall. Cryptonella planirostris Hall. Cyclorhina nobilis Hall. Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall. Delthyris consobrina (d'Orbigny). Delthyris sculptilis Hall. Eunella attenuau Whiteavet. Eunella harmonica Hall. Eunella lincklaeni Hall. Euadl* dmuUtor H«U. Eunclla tuUivMiti Hall. GypiduU comis (Owen). Gypidula Imeviuicula Hall. Leiorhynchui irU Hall. Ldorhynchut Uura (Billingt). Leptaena rhomboidalia (WUckena). Lingula ligea Hall. Lingula thedfordcmia WUteavca. Martinia maia (BiUingt). MerittcUa barriai Hall. Merirtella haaUnM HaU. MeriMelU roMraU Hall. Nuclcoapira condnna Hall. Orbiculmdca lodicnii* media Hall. Orbiculoidca doria Hall. Parasyga hirwita Hall. Pentagonia uniwilcata (Conrad). Penetanterella pavilionenM HalL Pholidopa hamiltoniae Hall. Pholidoatrophia iowaentia (Owen). Productella productoides (Murchlaon). Productella spinulicoaU Hall. Pugnax keraahani Whiteave*. Reticularia fimbriata (Conrad). Rhipidomella cyclaa Hall. Rhipidomella penelope Hall. Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Schellwienella anomalus (Winchell). Schellwienella arctoatriatu* (Hall). Schellwienella perversus (Hall). Schizophoria striatula (Schlotheim). Spirifer audaculus (Conrad). Spirifer divaricatus Hall. Spirifer euryteines Owen. Spirifer granulosus (Conrad). Spirifer mucronatus (Conrad). Spirifer mucronatus arkonenae Shimer and Grabau. Spirifer mucronatus thedfordMsU SUner and Grabau. Spirifer macrus Hall. Spirifer subdecussatus Whiteave*. Strophalosia radicans (Winchell). Strophalosia truncate (Hall). Stropheodonu concava HaU. Stropheodonu demiiaa (Conrad). tali 235 Stropheodonu ioaequindteu Hmll. Stropheodonu inaequiftriau (Conrad). Stropheodonta perpbna (Conrad). Stropheodonta plicata Hall. Terebratula Ontario Hall. Trigeria ? lepida Hall. Tropidoleptus carinatut Halt. PtUcypoia Actinodeama erectum (Conrad). Actinopteria boydi (Conrad). Aviculopecten bellus (Conrad). Aviculopecten pecteniformit (Courad). Aviculopecten princepa (Conrad). Conocardium normale Hall. Cypricardella belli . -.tut Conrad. Cypricardinia indti. .. (Conrad). Elymella nuculoidea Hall. Glyptodesma erectum (Conrad). Glyptocardia ipecioia Hall. Goniophora hamiltonensia Hall. Grammysia arcuata (Conrad). Grammysia biaulcata (Conrad). Grammysia globoaa Hall. Leda rostellata (Conrad). Leiopteria rafineiquii Hall. Limoptera macroptera (Conrad). Macrodon hamiltoniae Hall. Nucula bellistriau (Conrad). Nucula lirau (Conrad). Nuculitea triqueter Conrad. Nyaaaa arguu Hall. Nyassa recu Hall. Orthonota parvula Hall. Paleoneilo emarginata (Conrad). Paleoneilo plana (Conrad). Paracyclat lirau (Conrad). Pterinea flabellum (Conrad). Sphenotus aolenoidea Hall. Tellinopsis lubemarginata (Conrad). Gastropoda Bembexta sulcomarginata (Conrad). Cydonema hamiltoniae Hall. Diaphwoatoma lineatum (Conrad). 236 DbphoTMtonM pUcatum (WhitMvw). Euomphalui ptanodiicui Hall. Gyrotna capilUria (Conrad). Hormatoma micula (Hall). Igoccrai conicum (Hall). Losonema dclphicola Hall. Loxonema laeviuKulum HaU. Macrochilina hebc Hall. Phanerotinut laxui Hall. Platyceraa arlconente Shimer and Gnbtu. Platycerai bucculentum Hall. Platycera* carinatum Hall. Platycerai erectum Hall. Platycchilina walcotti Jonet. Iiochilina fabacea Jone*. Moorea bicornata Ulrich. Primitiopwa punctulifera (Hall). Ulrichia conradi Jonca. PkyUopoia Elyroocaria hindei Jonca and Woodwaid. TrUobita Cryphacua booth! Green. Phacopa rana Green. Phaethonides varicella Hall var. Proetut cranimarginatut Hall. Proetua rowi (Green). PUctt Aapidichthyt noubilia ? Whiteavca. Ptyctodua cakeolua Newberry and Worthen. Fauna and Flora of th« Delaware Limestone of Ontario. PlaniM Sporangitea bilobatua Damon. Anthoioa Cladopora labioaa (Billings). Cyitiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuas. Diphyphyllum «p. Favoeites turbinatut Billings. Heliophyllum halli Edwards and Haime. Synaptophyllum stmcoenae ? Billings. Syringopora sp. Zaphrentts prclifica Billings. Zaphrentis sp. 238 Stranmtoporeli tp. Cyttod'r-ty« a uiliuc- « Ulrich. FeitMteti >r 'If 'I I -|=. Ambocoelia niviiO (('.Mumd/. Anoplotheca itii '<, 1 1 ■" (Conrac*). Athyrii vlt< tt. ' j,i Atrypa reticn' • . (I.itn.. lU'^, Atrypa ipin i Hall Cainaroto>' .'ii- '. uii.^ti" i ' I'l Camarotoet ; ' ilotis . i 1 Camarotoechi; orolific. Mi!' Camarotoech' icthyx i iiiUii^s^ Chonetet defl ctus Hall. Chonetet lepidui Hall. Chonete* tnncronatut Hall. Chonottrophia revena (Whitfield). Cranaena rorningeri Hall. Crania creniatriata Hall. Craniella haniiltoniae (Hall). Cryptonella planirottrit Hall. Cyrtina hamiltonentit Hall. Crytina umbonata alpinenait Hall and Clarke. DeUbyrit coniobrina (d'Orbigny). Eunella harmonica Hall. Eunella lincklaeni Hall. Leiorhynchut laura ? Billings. Leiorhynchus timitare (Vanuxem). Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckena). Lingula delia Hall. Lingula desiderata Hall. Lingula ligea Hall. Martinia maia (Billings). Martinia lubumbona (Hallj. Meristella barrisi Hall. Meristella nasuta (Conrad). Nucleospira concinna Hall. Orbiculoidea lodiensis (Vanuxem). Orbiculoidea minuta Hall. Peatamerella arata ? (Conrad). MM, SB 2» PholldoMropMa iowMiuJi (Owm). Productclla tMiithcinau Hall. Productella ipinulicoau Hail. Rhipidomclla cyclaa Hall. Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Sciitiopiioria MriatuU (Schlathdm). Spirifer divaricatut Hall. Spirifer lucaieniii Stauffer. Spirifer macrus Hall. Spirifer mucronatui (Conrad). Struphalodia truncaU Hall. Stropheodonta concava Hall. Stropheodonta demiaaa (Conrad). Stropheodonta pateraoni Hall vmr. Stropheodonta perpUna (Conrad). Strophonclla ampla Hall. PtUcypoda Actinopteria boydi (Conrad). Aviculopecten bellus (Conrad). Aviculopecten princep* (Conrad). Conocardium nurmale Hall. Goniophora hamiltonenaia Hall. Grammysia arcuata (Conrad). Grammysia bUulcau (Conrad). Grammyiia ovata Hall. Lunulicardinm ornatum Hall. Modiomorpha mytiloidea Hall. Nyasia arguu Hall. Nyaiaa recta Hall. Panenka alternau Hall var. Paracyclai elliptica Hall. Paracyclas lirata (Conrad). Paracyclai ohioensis Mark. Pterinea flabellum (Conrad). Schixodua appresaus (Conrad). Sphenotus cuneatus (Conrad). Tellinopsis «ubemarginata (Conrad). Vanuxemia tomldnsi Billings. Gastropoda Bembezia planidonalis Hall. Bembexia sulconuu^nata ? (Conrad). Euryzone itya (Hall). Loxoneina hamiltoniae Hall. ::& MO PUtycen* carinatum Hall. Platyceraa erectum Hall. Platycerai rampinMum Hall. Pleuronotus decewi (Billinsi). PUropoda Coleolus tenuidnctus Hall. Styliolina fissurella Hall. Tentaculitet gracillittriatua Hall. Tentaculitea tcalariformU Hall. Cephalopoda Centroceras ohioenae (Meek). GtKantoceras inelegant (Meek). Nephriticeras bucinum (Hall). Orthoceras constrictum ? Vanuxem. Protoldonoceras marcellenie (Vaauxem). TriUbUa Phacopa rana Green. Proetus tp. Fauna of the Onondaga Limestone of Ontario. Poraminifera Cakispliaera robusU WUliamaon. Sponfia Aatraeoapongia sp. Hindia fibroia Roemer. Anthoioa Acervularta rugosa Milne-Edward* and Haime. Acrophyllum oneidaensis (Billings). Alveolites confertus Nicholson. Alveolites distans Nicholson. Alveolites ramulosus Nicholson. Alveolites squamoeus Billings. Amplexus exilis Billings. Amplexus mirabilis Billings. Amplexus yandelli Milne-Edwards and Haime. 241 AulocophyUum tulcatum (d'Orbigny). Aulopora conferta Winchell. Aulopora cornuta Billings. Aulopora serpens Goldfuss. Bothrophyllum decorticatum Billings. Bothrophytlum promissum Hall. Cayugaea whiteavesiana Lambe. Chonophyllum magnificum Billings. Chonostegites clappi Milne- Edwards and Haime. Chonostegites ordinatus (Billings). Cladopora cryptodens (Billings). Cladopora expatiata Rominger. Cladopora fisheri (Billings). Cladopora francisci Davis. Cladopora imbricata Rominger. Cladopora labiosa (Billings). Cladopora lichenoides Rominger. Cladopora pinguis Rominger. Cladopora pulchra Rominger. Cladopora rimosa Rominger. Cladopora robusta Rominger. Cladopora turgida Rominger. Clisiophyllum onigerum Rominger. CUsiophyllum onsidaensis Billings. Coenites selwyr.ii Nicholson. Crepidophyllum archiaci Billings Cyathophyllum anna (Whitfield Cyathophyllum coalitum Rominger. Cyathophyllum validum Hall. Cyathophyllum zenkeri Billings. Cystiphyllum aggregatum Billings. Cystiphyllum sulcatum Billings. Cystiphyllum vesiculosum Goldfuss. Diphyphyllum strictum Milne-Edwards and Haime. Diplophyllum arundinaceum (Billings). Eridophyllum coUigatum (Billings). Eridophyllum vernuillianum Milne- Edwards and Haime. Favosites basalticus Goldfuss. Favosites canadensis (Billings). Favosites cervicornis Milne-Edwards and Haime. Favosites clausus Rominger. Favosites emmonsi Rominger. Favosites epidermatus Rominger. Favosites goodwini Davis. Favosites hemisphericut (Trooet). 242 Favoaites limiUris Rominger. Favosites pleurodictyoides Nicholson. Favositea polymorphus Goldfuss. Favosites radiciformis Rominger. Favosites tuberosus Rominger. Favosites turbinatus Billings. Favosites winchelli Rominger. Heiiophyllum annulatum Hall. Heliophytlum comiculum (Lesueur). Heiiophyllum exiguum Billings. Heiiophyllum fecundum Hall. Heiiophyllum halli Milne-Edwards and Haime. Michelinia convexa (d'Orbigny). Michelinia favositoidea Billings. Phtllipsastraea billingsi Calvin. Phillipsastraea gigas Owen. Phillipsastraea vemeuilli Milne-Edwardt and Haime. Phillipsastraea verrilli Meek. Placophyllum tabulatum Simpao^. Pleurodiciyum problematicum GoIdfuiMk Ptycophyllum knappi Hall. Ptycophyllum striatum Hall. Romingeria umbellifera (Billings). Streptelasma lamellatum Hall. Striatopora cavernosa Rominger. Synaptophyllum simcoense (Billings). Synaptophyllum stramineum (Billings). Syringopora hisingeri Billings. Syringopora madurei Billings. Syringopora nobilis Billings. Syringopora perelegans Billings. Syringopora tabulata Milne-Edward* and Haime. Zaphrentis compta Billings. Zaphrentis davisana Milter. Zaphrentis elcelleus Billings. Zaphrentis eripyle Billings. Zaphrentis genitiva Billings. Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur. Zaphrentis invenusta Billings. Zaphrentis mirabilis Billings. Zaphrentis noduloaa Rominger. Zaphrentis prolifica Billings. Zaphrentis sentosa Hall. Zaphrentis spatiosa Billings. Zaphrentis subrecta Billings. 243 ^^'• Hydroioa Clathrodictyon cellulosum NicholMW aad Murie. StromatoporelU granulata Nicholion. Stromatoporella lelwyni Nicholson. Stromatoporella tuberculata Nicholaon. Syringostroma deiua Nicholson. Syringottroma nodulata Nicholson. Crinoidea Megistocrinus sp. BUuUodea Codaster pyramidatus Schumard. Vtrmes Spirorbis omphaloides Goldfuss. Bryotoa Callotrypa ? geniculata (Hall). Clathropora intertexta Nicholson. Cystodictya crescens (Hall). Cystodictya gilberti (Meek). Cystodictya meeki (Nicholson). Cystodictya vermicula (Hall). Fenestella ? erectipora Hall. Tenestella magnifica Nicholson. Fenestella marginalia Nicholson. Fenestella parallela Hall. Fenestella proctritas Hall and Simpson. Fenestella tuberculata Hall and Simpaon. Fistulipora ? permarginata (Hall). Hederella canadensis (Nicholaon). Hederella cirrhosa Hall. Hemitrypa biordo Hall. Hemitrypa columellata (Hall and Simpson). Hemitrypa favosa (Hall). laotrypa conjunctiva (Hall). Itotrypa consimilis Hall. LocuUpora circumstata (Hall and Simptoa). Monotrypa tennts (Hall). Nemataxi* fibramis Hall. Pinnuopora teouistriata (Hall). .-<■ 244 I !■ U Poiypora brevisulcau (Hall). ^olypora ceUpora (Hall). Poiypora oelupora minor (Hall). Poiypora halliana Nicholson. Pulypora granilinea (Hall). Poiypora hexagonal!* (Hall). Poiypora hexagonalis foraminuloM (Hall). Poiypora Utiiruncata Hall. Poiypora mutabilis (Hall). Poiypora nexa (Hall). Poiypora porosa (Hall). Poiypora pulchella Nicholson. Poiypora robusta (Hall). Poiypora rustica (Hall and Simpaon). Poiypora separata (Hall). Poiypora tenella Nicholson. Prismopora triquetra Hall. Ptilodictya gigantea (Nicholson). Ptiloporella inaequalis (Hall and Simpson^. Ptiloporella laticrescens (Hall and Simpson). Ptiloporina disparilis (,IUV and Simpson). Reteporidra perundata (Hall). Reteporina coaleacens (Hall and Simpson). Reteporina phtllipsi (Nicholson). Reteporina prisca (Nicholson). Reteporina rhombifera (Hall). Semicoscinium hindei (Nicholson). Semicosdnium mirabile (Nicholson). Stictopora ? ? fruiticosa Hall. Unitrypa acclivis (Hall and Simpson). Unitry-pa elegantissima (Hall). Unitrypa ficticia (Hall and Simpson). Unitrypa lata (Hall). Unitrypa nana (Hall and Simpson). Unitrypa pernodosa (Hall). Brackiopoda Amphtgenia elongata (Vanuxem). Anoplia nucleata Hall. Anoplotheca Camilla (Hall). Anoplotheca flabellites ? (Conrad). Athyris vittata indianaensis Stauffcr. Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Atrypa spinosa Hall. Camarotoechia billingsi Hall. 245 Camarotoechia Carolina Hall. Camarotoechia tethyt (Billinp). Centronella alveata Hall. Centronella glansfagea Hall. Centronella ovata Hall. Centronella tumida Billingi. Charionella icitula Hall. Chonetes arcuatua Hall. Chonetes acutiradiatut Hall. Chonetet hemUpbericui Hall. Chonetea lineatus (Conrad). Chonetes mucronatui Hall. Chonostrophia revena (Whitfield). Crania crenistriata Hall. Cryptonella iphis Hall. Cyrtina biplicata Hall. Cyrtina crasaa Hall. Cyrtina hamiltonenais Hall. Dalmanella lenticularis (Vanuxem). Delthyris raricosta Conrad. Eunella harmonica Hall. Eunella lincklaeni Hall. Eunella sullivanti Hall. Leptaena rhomboidalia (Wilckena). Lingula sp. Meristella clusia (Billings). Meristella doris Hall. Meristella lenu Hall. Meristella nasuta (Conrad). Metaplasia disparilis (Hall). Nucleospira concinna Hall. Parazyga hirsuta Hall. Pentagonia unisulcata (Conrad). Pentameretia arata (Conrad). Pholidops patina Hall and Clarke. Pholidostrophia iowaensis (Owen). Productella eriensis Nicholson. Productella spinulicoata. Reticularia firobriata (Conrad). Rhipidomella cleobis Hall. Rhipidomella livia (Billings). Rhipidomella medea Billings. Rhipidomella lemele Hall. Rhipidomella vanuxemi Hall. Rhynchonella ? eugenia (Billings). 246 Schellwienella pandora (BUlinga). Schisophoria propinqua Hall. SelenelU gracilis Hall and Clark*. Spirifer acuminatiM (Conrad). Spirifer arenomii unicui Hall. Spirifer divaricatus Hall. Spirifer duodenarius (Hall). Spirifer gregarius Clapp. Spirifer macrothyri* Hall. Spirifer macnii Hall. Spirifer manni Hall. Spirifer varicoiui Hall. Stropheodonta calloM Hall. Stropheodonta concava Hall. Stropheodonta demiua (Conrad). Stropheodonta hemiapherica Hall. Stropheodonta inaequiradiata Hall. Stropheodonta inaequittriata (Conrad). Stropheodonta parva Hall. Stropheodonta paterioni Hall. Stropheodonta perplana (Conrad). Strophonella ampla Hall. PeUcypoda Actiaopteria boydi (Conrad). Aviculopecten cleon Hall. Aviculopecten princeps (Conrad). Clinopistha telliniformis Hall. Conocardium cuneus (Conrad). Cypricardinia indenta Conrad. Goniophora perangulata Hall. Megambonia cardiiformia Hall. Modioeiorpha concentrica (Conrad). Mytalarca percarinata Whitfield. Paracyclas elliptica Hall. Pararca Taecedena Hall. Plethomytilua ponderoaua Hall. Pterinea flabellum (Conrad). Gastropoda Bellerophon newberryi Meek. Bellerophon pelops Hall. Bellerophon propinquua Meek. Callonema bellatulum (Hall). Calkinema lichaa Hall. , 1 1 ■\d Lll 247 Cycloncma rrenulatum Meek. Dentalium martini Whitfield. DUphoroitoma lineatum (Conrad). Diaphoroatoma turbinatum (Hall). Diaphoroatoma turbinatum cochlcatum (Hall). Diaphoroftoma uniiulcatum (Conrad). Euryzone dublinensis Stauffer. Euryzone hyphantea (Meek). Euryzone lucina (Hall). Helicotomia serotina NichoUon. Holopea ericnsis Nicholaon. Horraotoma desiderata (Hall). Hormotoma maia (Hall). Igoceras conicum (Hall). Lophospira adjutor (Hall). Loxonema laeviusculum Hall. Loxonema pexatum Hall. Loxonema pexatum obioletum Hall. Loxonema robustum Hall. Macrocheilus hebe (Hall). Naticopsis aequiitriata Meek. Naticopsis laevis Meek. Platycera* ammon Hall. Platyceras attenuatum Hall. Platyceras bucculentum Hall. Platyceras carinatum Hall. Platyceras concavum Hall. Platyceras cymbium Hall. Platyceras denulium Hall. Platyceras dumosum Conrad. Platyceras echinatum Hall. Platyceras erectum Hall. Platyceras rictum Hall. Platyceras thetis Hall. Platyceras undatum Hall. Platyceras uniseriale Nicholson. Pleuronotus decewi (Billings). Pleurotomaria insolita Hall. Solenospira quadricarinata Stauffer. Straparollus clymenioides Hall. Straparollus corrugatus Stauffer. Strophostylus obliquus Nicholson. Strophostylus ovatus Nicholson. Strophostylus subglobosus Nicholson. Strophostylus varians Hall. Turbooopsia shumardi (de Verneuil). 17 248 PUropoda Coleolu* crenatocifictus Hall. Tentaculites KalariformU Hall. Cephalopoda Cyclostomiceraa metula Hall. Cyrtocerai ammon Billings. Gomphoceras numa Billings. Poterioceras eximium Hall. Orthoceras anax Billings. Orthoceras pelops Hall. Ryticeras citum Hall. Spyrocera* nuntium (Hall). Spyroceras thoas (Hall). Trematoceras ohioense Whitfield. Trilobita Addaspis callicera Hall and Clarke. Calymene platys Green. Chasmops anchiops (Green). Chasmops ? erina Hall. Coronura diurus (Green). Coronura myrmecophorus (Green). Hausmania concinna serrulut Hall and Clarke. Hausmania phacoptyx Hall and Clarke. Hausmania pleuropteryx (Green). Lichas grandis Hall. Lichas hylaeus Hall and Clarke. Lichas superbus L\;4ngs. Odontocephalus selenuru* (Eaton). Phacops anceps Clarke. Phacops cristata Hall. Phacops cristata pipa Hall and Clarke. Phacops rana (Green). Phaethonides ? denticulatus Meek. Proetus clarus Hall. Proetus crassimarginatus Hall. Proetus delphinulus Hall and Clarke. Proetus rowi (Green). Proetus tumidus Hall and Clarke. Pisces Macropetalichthys rapheidolabis Norwood and Owen. OnychoduB sigmoides Newberry. 249 Fauna of the Oriskany Sandstone of Ontario. Anthotoa Favowte* conicui ? Hall. FavmitM helderbergiae Hall. 2^phrenti« roemeri Hall. BryoMoa Feneatella biaeriata ? Hall. Hederella magna ? Clarke. Monotrypella «p. Polypora hexagonalis ? (Hall). Brachiopodo Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem). Anoplia nucleata Hall. Anoplotheca flabellites (Conrad). Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeui). Beachia sl--^ ana Hall. Brachyprion achucherunum ? Clarke. Camarotoechia dryope (Billings). Centronelia tumida Billings. Chonetes hudsonicus Clarke. Chonostrophia complanata Hall. Crania pulchella Hall and Clarke. Cryptonella fausta ? Clarke. Cyrtina rostratj Hall. Cyrtina varia Clarke. Eatonia i^;culiaris (Conrad). Eatonia sinuau ? Hall. Hipparionyx proximus Vanuxem. Lepuena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). Megalanteris ovalis Hall. Meristella lata Hr.ll. Meristelta Irntiforniis Clarke. Meristella «-aIcotti Hall and Clarke. Metaplasia pyxidata Hall. Nucleospira veniricosa Hall. Oriskania na-/iceiU Hall and Clarke. PhoUdops arenaria Hall. Ph.jlidops terminalis Hall. Plethothyncha barrandii Hall. Rensselaeria cayuga Hall and Clarke. Rensselaeria ovoides (Eaton). ,w^ ISO RmmmImH* ovulum Hmll aad Ctorht. RttkutwU AmbrUu (Connd). RhipidomclU mutcukiM Hmll. RhipidomelU obUu Hall. ScbetlwienelU deformit (Hall). SpUifer arenMUl (Conrad). Spirifer murchiioiii CaMelnau. SpirUer pUcatut (Wellcr). SpirUcr laffordi HaU. S^er tribulU HaU. Strapheodonta calloM ? Hall. SuopheodonU Unckleani Hall. Suropheodonu magnifica HaU. Strapheodonta magnivcnter HaU. Strophcodonu oriakania Ctarke. Strapheodonta vaanilaria HaU. Strophonelta ampia HaU. Undnulus muubilla Hall. PtUeyfcda Actinopteria textiUa arenaria (HaU). Cypricardinia lamellota HaU. Goniophora ccruaui ? Clark*. Megambonia ? UmelloM HaU. Pterinopecten plumilut Clarka. Gc'tropcda Cyrtolitea expanaut HaU. Diaphoroatoma deamatum Clarke. Diaphoroatoma ventricoaum (Conrad). Platyceraa nodoaum Conrad. Strophoatylua matheri Hall. PItropoda TentacuUtca elongatua HaU. Otkacoda Beyrichia ap. Trilobita Chaamop* anchiopa (Green). Hauamania phacoptyx HaU and Clarke. Hauimania pleurophyz (Green). 2S1 Phacep* eorrcUtor Clarte. PhM«p« logani Hall. Prottua conradi Hall. Syaphoria stemmatua Garkt. Antodctua bcechari Clarkt. 252 CHAPTER IV. ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF THE ONTARIO DEVONIAN. It is doubtful whether the economic pouibilities of the Devonian formations of OnUrio have as yet been fully realized. However, most of the deposits of that age have been used and some of them are now yielding important econonsc products. PRTROLBUM.* From the standpoint of the value of that which has been produced, by far the most important product yielded by the Devonian formations is oil. The producing areas are limited to rather isolated pools scattered over the relatively narrow strip of land lying between the lower end of Lake Huron and the north ehore of Lake Erie, and chiefly along a belt extending southeast- ward from Samia to Dutton. Petrolia and Oil Springs in Lamb- ton county are the most noted localities and the history of the development of these regions has been very remarkable. Some of the wells have been producing since 1860, but the first flowing well was struck on February 19 (A. Winchell says January 11), 1862. During the spring and summer of that year 5,000,000 barrels of oil are estimated to have floated away on the waters of Black creek, where it formed a layer 6 inches in depth and eventually a film over the surface of Lake Erie. Before autumn of the same year the price of the crude product had fallen to ten cents per barrel. The best well yielded as many as 7,500 barrels of oil per day, while dozens yielded 1,000 to 6,000 barrels, and numerous others followed with 100 to 1,000 barrels per day.' 'Brumell, H. P. H., G«ol. Surv., Canada, i V, pt. Q, 1892, 94 page*. •For well record* and a deuiled account of the early development, see Alexander Winchell's Sketches of Creation, New York, 1870, pp. 286-293. 443, 444. 253 In 1911 U waa estimated that there were betwer-i 8,000 and 10,000 producing wells in I^mbton county, bur the number it continually "hanging. Some of the best of these were said to yield a barrel per day, although two or three barrels per month was probably more nearly the average since the total profluction for the county flunng that year (1911) was 184.450 barrds. The producing rock has been found at various horizons. The first well* obtained their supply from the porous, graN-elly accu nulations at the bottom of the drift. Later wells, and the greatest pr«»ducers, obtained their supply at i di|'th of 104 to 237 feet belou the surface. Since the drift varies from 38 to 125 feet in thickness, the depth of betl-rock penetrated in these wells was leu than 200 and often less than 100 feet. It seems certain, therefore, that these wells did iiuf penetrate the real oil-bearing stratum, but obtained their -(i|)plv from cracks and fissures into which it had escaped from lower levels. Presiiit wells are mostly supplied from the oil-lx.irine .stratum w!,ich lies 450 to 475 feet below the surface. 1 1 is sonietimis descrilied as a aandstune and again as a granular, r«rous dolimitp which lies at the base of the Onondaga limestone. Fitlicr if thc--« would be sufficiently porous to serve as a reservoir for the crude oil. Regarding the source of the oil, Alexander Winchell said that "whether the supply originally ascended from the under- lying Corniferous (Onondaga) limestone or not, it is certain that no supply has ever been found by boring into that formation."' He regarded the Marcellus shale as the )«ource of "most of the petroleum which accumulates in the fissured shaly limestone of the Hamilton group, and thus supplies the Ontario oil region."' As has been indicated in an early part of this report, the rep- resentative of the Marcellus shale in Ontario is the Delaware limestone, which has usually been called the lower Hamilton limestone. It is decidedly bituminous and often shaly, at some localities even passing into what appears to be the true Mar- cellus beds, but at no place does it compare with the New York 'Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd ser. vol. 41, 1866, p. 178. •Sketches of Creation, New Yr»k, 1870, pp. 292, 293. Jl 254 deposits. It does not seem possible that the scattered remnants of black shale, which locally make up a part of the Delaware lime- stone where that formation passes into the real Marcellus beds, could possibly be the source of the large quantities of oil that have been taken from the Devonian deposits. Moreover, the oil-bear- ing stratum, which has been yielding oil for fifty years, lies below the horizon of the Marcellus beds by as much as 60 to 100 feet, and the oil is more likely to be found above than below its original source. It should be noted, however, that Winchell included the Onondaga limestone with the basal Hamilton and really referred to the Detroit River beds when he used the name "Comiferous limestone" in connexion with the Enniskillen wells. In order to find, if possible, the real source of the oil, test wells were drilled at Petrolia and Oil Springs. One of these reached a total depth of 1,505 feet and penetrated 405 feet into the Salina beds, but located no other source of oil than that already known. Dr. T. Sterry Hunt was apparently the first to point to the Onondaga (Corniferous) limestone as the true source, as well as the reservoir, of the oil,' and most later writers on the Ontario oil field have followed this suggestion. It is probably as near the truth as any other that has been suggested and there seem* little ground for disputing it even to the present day. In addition to the Petrolia and Oil Springs pools, a number of other smaller areas have produced petroleum, and some of these are still to be counted among the economically important fields. One of these lies to the north of London road and is so closely associated with the Petrolia field that it might be con- sidered a part of it, although perhaps structurally separated. A very small pool was located at Smith falls on the Sydenham river in Euphemia township, Lambton county. In its prime it yielded about 500 barrels per month, but these wells are now mostly abandoned. A field of similar size was located in the southeastern part of Dawn township, Lambton county. These are to be considered as outliers of the more important pools at Bothwell. There are really two fields at Bothwell. The older one lies along the Thames river in Mosa township, Middlesex m 4;t I 'Canadian Naturatut, vol. VI., p. 242. 255 county, and the more recently located one in Zone township, Kent county. In this latter area the drift is more than 200 feet thick and is immediately underlain by a small amount of shale which soon gives place to limestone. The wells are 395 to 410 feet in depth and obtain their supply of oil from a stratum said to be located in the Onondaga limestone. Some of the better wells of this field, a few years ago, were yielding IJ barrels per day, and perhaps averaged 10 to 50 barrels per month. During 1911 the whole Bothwell district yielded 35,224 barrels. Near the Lake Erie shore, south of Dutton, Dunwich town- ship, Elgin county, there is another small oil field. At this place the drift is 255 feet thick and the oil-bearing stratum, which is reported as a sandstone at the base of the Onondaga limestone, lies about 435 feet below the surface. In 1901 the production was 30 to 40 barrels per month for each well. In 1911 the total production for the field was 6,732 barrels. Several good producing wells were located, some years ago, in the valley of Big Otter creek just south of Tillsonburg, Oxford county. There the drift is 81 feet thick and the wells strike the producing stratum, a sandstone at the base of the Onondaga limestone, at a depth of 268 feet. In addition to these there are a few other fields that have yielded oil and several of them have been good producers. The Tilbury and Romney field yielded 48,708 barrels during 1911 and is, therefore, to be considered one of the important regions. This place was not visited, but, from such data as was available, it was considered to be yielding from rocks somewhat older than the Devonian. Near Comber, in Tilbury West, Brumell re- ports the finding of oil at a depth of 1,215 feet,' and a much more recent well on lot 171, concession of Talbot road. Tilbury East, yielded gas at 1,260 and 1,385 feet. This well was a good pro- ducer as evidenced by the fact that it gauged 3,537,000 cubic feet, but it is quite certain that the supply comes from a horizon much below the Devonian. The Onondaga field near Brantford, which proJuced 13,501 barrels during 1911, was visited when it was first being opened. It lies entirely outside of the Devonian •Brumell, H. P. H., Loc. dt. p. 77 Q. 256 covered area and draws its oil from a sandy stratum in the Medina which corresponds to the usual gas bearing horizon. While more or less related, as indicated by the general trend of the producing region, these different pools are measurably independent and drilling in each region has revealed the anti- clinal structure of the rock strata. At Smith Falls this can be easily seen in the outcrop of Hamilton (Ipperwash) limestone in the river, and it is definitely known that the Oil Springs pool is separated from that at Petrolia by a syncline. At Petrolia the top of the arch is said to be more or less dome shaped and to have a diameter of about 1,200 yards. On all sides the rocks dip gently away from this apex at an average of about 10 feet per mile. GAS. Although tne gas belt is mainly located within the area covered by Devonian formations, the producing rocks of south- western Ontario lie chiefly in the Silurian. However, some of the oil wells are good gas producers and in some of the gas wells, which have their chief supply from the Medina, the Onondaga is also productive. This is apparently true in the case of the wells to the south of Chatham in Raleigh township, Kent county, where some oil is obtained. BUILDING STONE. Among the economic products of the Devonian building stone has taken a high rank. This has been especially true of the Delaware limestone at St. Marys where it has furnished the build- ing material for many of the better buildings of the city. It makes a pleasing appearance and a very satisfactory wall. The Onondaga limestone has also supplied much stone for basement walls and for '^oundation purposes, while the massive layers on Pelee island have been used to some extent for heavy construction work. The Oriskany sandstone of Haldimand county has been used for a like purpose. At the present time, however, there is such a preference shown for cement, where stone might ordinarily be ubed, that even a good building stone can with difficulty com- pete with it. Lfliftii 257 CKUSHED LIMESTONE. The greatest present use made of the Devonian limestones is for crushing purposes. All erf the larger quarries, in the Onondaga anc" Delaware limestones, with only two or three exceptions, are chiefly engaged in producing this product. The crushed limestone is used for railway ballast, for macadamizing the highways, for making concrete, and the finest or pulverized rock is sometimes useti for fertilizing the land. The great quan- tities of this material which are constantly being taken from the quarries at Sherks, Hagersville, and St. Marys emphasize the importance of this industry, which is doubtless as yet in its infancy. LIME. The Onondaga has furnished large quantities of lime. At the present time, however, the kilns which formerly supplied this product, with the exception of one near Port Colborne and a few smaller ones in the country off the railways, liave been abandoned. The industry has followed the same auise that it has in much of the Ohio Onondaga region where the cause of the decadence is said to be the ease with which the Onondaga lime air-slakes. The Standard White Lime Company of Ontario has invariably chosen the Silurian limestone in preference to the Onondaga where both are available. CEMENT. One of the large industries connected with the Devonian limestone is that of the manufacture of portland cement. The cement plant at Port Colborne, which has a capacity of about 3,500 barrels per day, uses the Onondaga limestone and a post- Glacial clay in the process of cement j)roduction. At St. Marys during the summer of 1911 a similar plant was in the early stages of construction and it, too, was to utilize the Devonian limestones. BRICK AND TILE. The soft Olentangy shale of the Hamilton be h^Wir bituminous and would probabKr yield a coaHderable percenta^ of hydrocfflixjas. A few years ago an Ei^sh syndicate tested out these deposits quite thoroaghly aad k was then tiiougbt this prospective industry might be estaby^ed, but niching h^ as yet developed. It was said that the shale might be worked profitably if 18 per cent of hydrocarbon could be distilled from it. The shale probably does noc contain is high a percentage as that, but the future will undoubtedly bring a higher value for oil and, what is more important, may bring a pK>fitablc «se for the residue after distillation. mm 259 CHAPTER V. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Ami, Henry M. — "On a new and hitherto unrecognized geological horizon in the gas and oil region of western Ontario." Jour. Can. Min. Inst., Vol. II, 1899, pp. 186-190, 2 pk. Ami, Henry M. — "Synopsis of the geology of Canada." Can. Roy. Soc., Proc. and Trans., New Ser., Vol. VI, sect. 4, 1900, pp. 187-225. Bell, Robert. — "The petroleum field of Ontario." Can. Roy. Soc., Trans., Vol. V, sect. 4, 1888, pp. 101-113. Bell, Robert. — "The geology of Ontario, with special reference to economic minerals." Rept. Roy. Com. on Min. Res. of Ontario, 57 pp., Toronto, 1899. Abst.; Am. Geol., Vol. V, 1889, pp. 238-240; Eng. and Mining Jour., Vol. XLIX. 1889, p. 468. Bigsby, John I. — "Notes on the Geography and Geology of Lake Huron." Geol. Soc. 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Billings, Elkanah. — "On some new and little known fossils from the Silurian and Devonian rocks of Ontario." Can. Nat. and Quart. Jour. Sci., new ser. Vol. VII, 1875, pp. 230-240. Billings, Elkanah.— "On some new Genera and Species of Brach- iopoda from the Silurian and Devonian rocks of Canada." Can. Nat and Geol., Vol. IV, 1859, pp. 131-135. Billings, Elkanah.— "On the Devonian fossils of Canada West." (Issued as a separate to the Canadian Journal). Can. Jour., new ser. Vol. V, pp. 1-34, May, 1860; Vol. VI, pp. 34- 44, March, 1861; pp. 45-65, May, 1861; pp. 66-99, July, 1861. Billings, Elkanah.— "On the Devonian fossils of Canada West." Can. Jour., new ser. Vol. V, I860, pp. 249-282. Continued in Vol. VI, 1861, pp. 138-148; pp. 253-274; pp. 329-363. Billings, Elkanah. — "On the fossil corals of the Devonian rocks ui Canada West." Can. Jour., ser. 2. Vol. IV, 1859, pp. 97-140; Vol. V, 1860, pp. 242-282; Vol. VI, 1860, pp. US- US. 253-274. 329-363. Billings. 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Jour., new ser. Vol. VI, 1861, pp. 149-165, 425-455, 500-518; Vol. VII, 1862, pp. 108-121; Vol. VIII, 1863, pp. 17-33. 111-126, 185-216, 437-462; and Vol. IX, 1864. pp. 1-10. Chapman. E. J. — "An outline of the Geology of Canada, based on a subdivision of the Province into natural areas." XXXIII + 105 pp., 12 pis.. 1 map, Toronto, 1876. Chapman, E. J. — "An outline- of the Geology of Ontario." Can. Jour., new ser. Vol. XI\'. 1875. pp. 580-588. Abstract, Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser. Vol. XI, 1876, p. 150. Chapman, E. J. — "On leading geological areas of Canada." Can. Jour., Vol. XV, new ser., 1878, pp. 13-22, 92-121. 262 Corkill, E. J.— "Petroleum and Natural Gas." Ont. Bur. Minea Kept. Vol. XIV, pt. I, 190S, pp. 89-117. Daly, Reginald A. — "The Calcareous concretions of Kettle Point, Lambton County, Ontario." Jour. Ged., Vol. VIII, 1900, pp. 135-150. Dawson, Sir J. William.— "Handbook of Geology for the use of Canadian StudenU." 250 pp., Montreal, 1889. Dawson, Sir J. 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II, 1882. pp. 91-142. liat U3 DeCew, John. — "Geology of the townthipa of Windham and Middletown, county of Norfolk, Canada West." Can. Jour.. Vol. VI, new series, 1861, pp. 295-297. DeCew, John. — "Age of the Oriskany sandstone." Can. Jour., Vol. VII, new ser., 1862, pp. 190-193. Fleming, Sanford. — "Notes on the present condition of the oil wells of Enniskillen." Can. Jour., new ser. Vol. VIII, 1863, pp. 246-249. Gibson, John. — "The salt deposits of western Ontario." Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser.. Vol. V, 1873, pp. 362-369. Gibson, John. — "Geological features of Huron County, Ontario." Canadian I'm., Vol VII, new ser.. 1875, pp. 34-40. Gibson. Thomas W.— 'The Raleigh Oil Field." Rept. Ont. Bur. Mines. Vol. XII. 1903. pp. 40-42. Gilbert, G. K. — "Itinerary, Chicago to Niagara Falls " Int. Cong. Geol.. Compte Rendu. 5th Session, 1893, pp. 453- 458. Grant, C. C. — "Coral Reefs, modem and ancient." Hamilton Sci. Assoc.. Jour, and Proc.. No. 18, 1902. pp. 43-45. Haas. 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OtUwa Naturalist, Vol. XII, 1899, pp. 217- 226. 237-258. 1^ 265 Lambe, Lawrence M.— "A review of the genera and spedea of Canadian Paleozoic coralt. Can. Geol. Surv., Cont. to Can. Pal.. Vol. IV. pt. I. 1899, pp. 1-%. pis. 1-5. Lambe, Lawrence M. — "On some Species of Canadian Palxozoic Corals." OtUwa Nat.. Vol. XII. 1899. pp. 217-226, 237- 2S8. Lambe, Lawrence M. — "A review of the genera and species of Canadian Palaeozoic corals." Geol. Surv.. Canada, Cont. to Can. Pal., Vol. IV, pt. 2, 1901, pp. 97-197, pis. 6-27. Logan. Sir William E.— "Geological Map of Canada and the adjacent Regions of the United Sutet." (Scale 25 miles to 1 inch), Montreal, 1856. Logar Sir William E.. and Hunt, T. Sterry.— "Esquisse Geo- logique du Canada." Paris, 1855, 100 pp. and coloured map. Logan, Sir William E.— "On the Physical structure of the West- ern District of Upper Canada." Can. Jour., Vol. Ill, 1854 (1855), pp. 1-2. Logan, Sir William E.— "The Hamilton formation and the Port- age and Chemung group." Rept. Geol. Surv., Canada (Geology of Canada), 1863, pp. 380-389. Logan, Sir William E.— "The Oriskany and Corniferous for- mations." Rept. Geol. Surv., Canada (Geology of Canada), 1863, pp. 359-379. Lyell, Sir Charles.— "Geological Map of tue United States, Canada, etc." Travels in North America. Vol. II, 1845. Map opp. title page. McRae. John.— "The geological formation at Port Colbome as shown by drillings for natural gas." Can. Inst., Proc., Vol. VI. new ser.. 1889. pp. 338-341. MKIOCOPV MSOIUTION TBT CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) J APPLIED IIVHGE In ^ '653 East Main Street jS Rochester. New York 14609 USA S (7 '6) 482 - 0300 - Phone S (^16) 286- 5989 - Fo* 266 Miller, Willet G.— "The Limestones of Ontario." Rept. Ontario Bur. Mines, Vol. XIII, pt. 2, 1904, pp. 1-126. Milne-Edwards, H., and Haime, Jules.— "Monographie des Poly- piers foesiles des Terraines Pal*ozoiques, pr6c6d*e d'un tableau general de la classification des Polypes." Archives du Museum, t. V, Paris, 1851, 502 pp., 20 pis. Montgomery, Henry. — "A Blastoid found in the Devonian rocks of Ontario." Canadian Nat. and Quart. Jour. Sci., new ser.. Vol. X, 1883, pp. 80-84. Murray, Alexander.— "Report on the district lying between Georgian Bay, on Lake Huron, and the lower extremity of Lake Erie." Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. Prog. 1863, Montreal, 1845. Abstr. Can. Jour., Vol. Ill, 1855, pp. 27-29. Murray, Alexander.— "On work in the great peninsula bounded by Lakes Huron, St. Clair, and Erie." Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. Prog. 1850-51, Quebec, 1852, pp. 13-33. Murray, Alexander. — "Report on the shores and islands of Lake Huron." Geol. Surv. of Can., Rept. of Prog, for 1848 (1849). Nattress, Thomas.— "The Corniferous exposure in Anderdon." Ont. Bur. Mines, Rept. for 1902, pp. 123-127. Nattress, Thomas.— "The geological continuity of Essex and Kent counties, Ontario, and Monroe and Wayne counties, Michigan." Mich. Acad. Sd., 9th. Ann. Rept., 1907, pp. 177-184. Nicholson, H. Alleyne. — "Descriptions of new fossils from the Devonian rocks of Canada West." Geol. Mag., Decade II, Vol. I, 1874, pp. 10-16, 54-60; 11 -126, 159-163, 197- 201, pis. II, IV, VI, IX, and 3 figs. 267 Nicholson, H. A. — "Description of new fossils from the De- vonian rocks of western Ontario." Can. Nat., new ser.. Vol. VII, 1873, pp. 138-147. Nicholson, H. A. — "Descriptions of new species and of a new genus of Polyzoa from the PaIaeo7oic rocks of North Am- erica." Geol. Mag., Decade II, vol. II, 1873, pp. 33-38, pi. II. Nicholson, H. A. — "Descriptions of new species of Cystiphyllum from the Devonian rocks of North America." Trans. British Assoc., 1874, pp. 30-38. Also Geol. Mag.. Decade II, Vol. II, 1875, pp. 30-33, pi. 1. Nicholson, H. 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F.— "Canadian Stromatoporoids." Can. Rcc. Sci., Vol. VII, 1896, pp. 129-146. Whiteaves, J. F.— "Description of a new species of Panenka from the Comiferous limesto e of Ontario." Can. Rtcord of Sci., Vol. IV, )891, pp. 401-404, pi. 1. Whiteaves, J. F.— "The Devonian system of Canada." Am. Assoc. Adv. Sd., Proc., Vol. XLVIII, 1899, pp. 195-223; Am. Geol. Vol. XXIV, 1899, pp. 210-240; also Science, new ser., vol. X, 1899, pp. 402-412, 430-438. Whiteaves, J. F.— "On some fossils from the Hamilton for- mation of Ontario, with a list of the species at present known from that formation and province." Geol. Surv., Canada, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology, Vol. I, 1885-98, pp. 91-125. Williams, M. Y.— "The Hamilton formations at Thedford and vicinity." International Geol. Cong. Guide Book No. 4, 1913, pp. 101-110. \Srilliams, M. Y.— "Thedford and vicinity, Ontario." Sum- mary Report for 1912, Geol. Surv., Canada, 1914, pp. 282- 285. Winchell, Alexander.— "Notes on the geology of petroleum in Canada West." Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd ser.. Vol. XLI, 1866, pp. 176-178. Winchell, Alexander.— "On the oil formation in Michigan and elsewhere." Am. Jour. Sd., 2nd ser.. Vol. XXXIX, 1865, pp. 350-353. Winchell, Alexander.— "Petroleum of southwestern Ontario." Sketchrs of Creation, New York, 1870, pp. 286-293, 443. 444. 271 CHAPTER VI. THE DETROIT RIVER SERIES. GENERAL STATEMENT. South and westward from Woodstock the Devonian rests unconformably (disconformably) on the Detroit River series. This is the upper division of the Monroe formation, as it is known ir Michigan and Ohio where it is the outcropping rock over a very large area and is considered to be the upper part of the Silurian system. The Detroit River series varies from a banded brown or buff porous dolomite to a compact drab lime- stone which sometimes runs so high in its percentage of calcium carbonate that it exceeds the overlying Onondaga limestone in purity. Associated "vith this purer limestone, and also with some of the highly doiomitic beds, there is a great variety of fossils, many of which resemble so closely the true Onondaga forms that it has been seriously questioned whether they do not belong in the Devonian rather than in the Silurian. Dr. T. Sterry Hunt observed this fauna at Goderich and was the first to point out the remarkable similarity between it and that of the Onondaga limestone. In discussing the record of Mr. Attrill's well, he says "we now come to the consideration of an unexpected result of the examination of the cores from the Goderich boring; namely, the occurrence beneath 278 feet of beds, chiefly dolomite, which, according to the Geological Survey, underlie the Comiferous (Onondaga) limestone of the region, of not less than 276 feet, chiefly of grey, non-magnesian, coralline limestone, abounding in chert and seeming like a repetition of the Comiferous (Onondaga). Beneath chis ' wer fossiliferous limestone, it will be noted, are dolomites v. h gypsum, suc- ceeded by variegated marls, with an aggregate thickness of not less than 364 feet before reaching the saliferous strata, which latter have been penetrated 520 feet without reaching the under- ^^■^Uf^'^*^ 272 lying Guelph formation. Professor James Hall, who has kindly examined such specimens of the corals as I have obtained from this limestone recognizes in them two species of Favosites, Favosi- tes winckelli and Favosites emmonsi, together with a section of Acervularia or Diphyphyllum."^ A little quarrying along Mait- land river to the east of Goderich has uncovered the total thick- ness of the Onondaga limestone In the steep banks of the river, and shows it resting unconformably on the non-fossiliferous dolomite which Hunt says is 278 feet thick. The fossiliferous limestone mentioned in the above quotation is, therefore, very evidently not the Ononds«a limestone. The fossiliferous rocks, which carry the same fauna, at McRae point and Kincardine, have been described by Logan with the Devonian, and concern- ing which he says "there i? little doubt that the fossiliferous beds in all these various exposures belong to the Comif- erous (Onondaga) limestone."* The outcrop along the Thames river at Beachville has usually met the same fate, while still more recent attempts have been made to place the fossiliferous beds at Amherstburg and in the Detroit river, in the Onondaga. Recently Grabau and Sherzer* have made a rather exhaust- ive study of the Monroe formation and have illustrated its fauna. In accordance with a preceding paper on the "Nomen- clature and Subdivisions of the upper Siluric strata of Michigan, Ohio, and western New York" by Lane, Prosser, Sherzer, and Grabau* they recognize the following subdivisions.' •Hunt, T. Sterry, Geol. Surv. of Canada, Kept. Prog, for 1876-77 (1871*), p. 242. 'Geology of Canada, 1863, p. 377. •Mich. Geol. and Biol. Surv., Pub. 2, Geol. aer. 1, 1909 (1910), 2 28 pU. 'Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. XIX, 1907, p. 556. K)p. dt. p. 27. 273 Dundee (Onondern) formation diiconformitv (unconformity). ■ •4Ji-"»»ii'' ^'■■PM^'V** *^B ■■■■•J \*" ■■*-*#■■•**■ ■■■■« y / 9 Feet C. Upper Monroe Lucas dolomite 200 -«- or AmherstbufK dolomite 20 Detroit River Anderdon limestone 35-50 •eriet. Flat Rock dolomite 40-100 Monroe difconformity (unconformity). formation. B. Sylvania landstone and dolomites (liflCOnfni'niitv (iincnnfnrmilvV 30-300 A. Lower Monroe Raisin River dolomite 200 or Put-in- Bay dolomite 100 Ram Island Tymochtee shales 90 Greenfield dolomite 100 disconformitv (unconfnrmitv). Salina formation They very definitely correlate the upper part of the Monroe formation with the Cayugan series of eastern New York, although indicating that it is rather more comprehensive than the remnant of that series in western New York.' However, an alternative ctrrelation is also suggested. "If correlation were to be based on faunal evidence alone, a different interpretation of the stratig- raphy of Michigan would probably be adopted. In that case the lower Monroe would be correlated with the upper Cayugan, i.e., the beds from the Cobleskill upwards. Faunally th.re is a striking correspondence between the Raisin River and the Put- in-Bay beds and the Manlius of New York. This extends even to the Eurypterids as determined by Reudemann Faun- ally the upper Monroe might be considered as the indigenous lower Devonic, with a sparse mingling of foreign types of this age, such as Hercynella. On this hypothesis, the Sylvania would represent the continental condition appearing at the end of «.he Siluric during the temporary retreat of the Siluric sea and before the expansion of the Helderbergian sea. Thus considered the upper Monroe would represent a provincial phase of the lower Devonic distinct from the Helderbergian."' But the possi- bility of the truth of this correlation is rejected by the authors on the fact of the very long interval of time that must »Op. tit. p. 234. •Op. cit. p. 233. i 274 I have intervened between the iatett Monroe and the Onondaga. Ontario cover* the region which mu* be transitional be- twwn the New York and Michigan deposits. Whether, of course, the transition is recorded by beds of rock or by an erosion surface, is quite another matter. In Welland and Haldimand counties the Devonian rests unconformably on either the Salina or the CobleskiU, which show little change from their New York characteristics. Just west of Springvale the Silurian-Devonian contact passes under drift cover and repppears next in the vicinity of Woodstock where it outcrops along the south branch of the River Thames. There the beds which immediately under- lie the Devonian are no longer to be classed with any of the deposits to the rast, but are similar to those of the Detroit River region. BEACHVILLB SECTIONS. At Beachville, about S miles down the river from Wood- stock, the Standard White Lime Company has a quarry in the beds of the Detroit River series. The contact between Detroit River series and Onondaga lies much nearer Woodstock, pro- bably at river level where th • Gun Club is loc&ted, but the beds quarried at the lime-kilns evidently lie but little below that horizon. The toUl cut is 12 feet 8 inches in a grey to drab limestone, the lower part of which contains an abundance of small corals and stromatoporoids. The upper Uyers, especially in the old north portion of the quarry, have a much more abun- dant fauna which differs somewhat from that of the lower beds, although a distinct dividing line was n. *oui.d. The rock is inclined to be thin bedded and often compact where fossils seem to be less abundant. The following fauna was collected chiefly f:.)m the upper rocks at Beachville. Fauna of the Detroit River Series at BeackviUe. Cladopora bifurcata Grabau. Diplophyllum integumentum Barrett. Hetiophrentis sp. Clathrodktyon osteolatum Nicholson. Clathrodictyon variolare von Rosen. 275 1 be- r, of OMon nand lalina York onian I the ranch nder- i the River Vood- n the etroit , pro- ibeds that drab ice of icially abun- beds, xk is seem :hiefly Idiottroma MttrcMi Grabau. ProHeretIa modrntoide* Grabau. ProMrrtlla tubtraiMverta Grabau. Schuchertella hydraulica (Whitfield). Conocardium monroicum Grabau. Ptarinea cf. lanii Grabau (Thii tpacimcn ihowi diitinct radiating Mric). Bellerophon ip. Eot -n-xria tp. Hoi pel ip. Hormotoma subcarinata Grabau. Losooema sp. Trochonema ovoidea ? Grabau. Cyrtoceraa orodea Billing*. Trochoccrai gebhardi ? Hall. Proetua ap. The foaailt show that the upper beds of this locality probably belong in the Amherstburg dolomite, while the lower beds, which make most of the quarry, are evidently Anderdon. Somewhat lower rock outcrops at the same company's quarries several miles down the river where 3 or 4 feet of a compact drab lime- stone, evidently the Anderdon, contains the following fossils. Fossils From Rock in Quarries 2 Miles below Beachville. Diplophyllum integumentum Barrett. Clathrodlctyon oateolatum Nicholaon. Idioatroma natireaai Grabau. Stylodictyon ihtrzeri Grabau. Proaaerella trodcdtoidea Grabau. C>iiocardium monroicufn Grabau. Trochoceraa anderdonense ? Grabau. FORMOSA SECTIONS. At Bruder's lime-kiln, 2J miles north of Formosa, the Alpena limestone rests unconformably on the Detroit River series, which are chiefly soft brown to ash.'n 'n colour and more or less massive. The following fauna >/as collected from beds No. 3 of the Bruder's lime-kilp section.* 'See page 146 of this report. 276 Fauna From tlu DtlroU Rivtr Serits at Brudtr't Linu-kUn. Alvcoliiw c(. loidfuiai Billinci. Ccratopora rctuUrii Gr*t»u. Ceratopora ttnelUi (Rominger). Ceratopora ip. Cystlphytlum americanum danerdoMiiw Oabaa. Diplophyllum intcf umcntum Bamtt. Romingeria ip. Syringopora cf. hiiingcri Billinga. Crinoid (ragmcnti. Acanthonema ip. Feimtella tp. Moflotrypa ip. Prismopora ip. Atrypa rcticularU (Linnaeua). Craniella cf. hamiltoniae Hall. Cyrtim dalmani ? (Hall). MeriatelU ap. Metaplaaia ? pixidata ? ? Hall. Rhipidomella ip. Rhynchoapira cf . pracformoaa Grabau. Schuchertella sp. Spirifer cf. divaricatui Hall. Spirifer sulcata lubmeria Grabau. Strophcodonta demiiaa homaloatriatus Grabau. WhitfieldelU ip. Conocardium monroicum Grabau. Cypricardinia canadensii Grabau. Eotomaria ip. PUtyceraa cf. dumoaum Cor.rad. Cyrtoceras cf. dtum Hall. Daliiianites tp. Proetua tp. This fauna seems to correspond more closely to that of the Amherstburg dolomite of the Michigan section and it probably belongs to the same general horizon. The fossils are chiefly in the form of moulds, as is the case in the dolomites outcrop- ping at Stony Island. KINCARDINE SECTION. Along the Penetangore river, 2J miles east of Kincardine, there is a very considerable outcrop of rock on lots 8, 9, and 10, iil • 277 conccMkm III touth. The following isctiun marts on Mr. Holland's land (lot 8) nd extends up stream on Mr. McKenxic's place (loU 9 and 10). Section Along tht Pentlangore River. ThickncM 5. Soil and drift 10 Ft. In. Amherstburg dolomite 4. Ashen-coloured, banded dolomite in rather thin even beds ;0" 0" 3. Massive, brown, irregularly-bedded do'omite containing a few poorly preserved fossils. . . . 5 " i; " 2. Poorly banded, brown dolomite with an abun- dance of a few species of fossils S* j ' 1. Brown dolomite to the level of the river at the end of theoutcrop 5" 0* The following species, which were collected from No. 2 of the above section, indicate that the outcrop bebnp in the Am- herstburg dolomite. Dipiophyllum integumcr-tum Barrett. ProMcrella modcstoidM Grabs u. Hormotoma tp. Trochoncma ovoidM Grabau. MCRAE POINT SECTION. In the northern part of Kincardine townr^ip, Bruce county, McRae point projects into Lake H , .> Point on Lake Huron. Devonian ? Thickness 2. Massive, ruu^n, brown limestone or dolomite which contains some chert and cavities filled with calcite. The bottom layers contain some sand and angular fragments derived from the underlying ma.ss on which it lies with a distinct unconformity 5 Ft. In. 278 Thickness Amherstburg dolomite 1. Brown to drab dolomite and dolomitic lime- stone. This rock is rather thin bedded, con- tains bituminous films, and is often quite fossiliferous. The rock of the upper beds contains the flat blade-like crystals of celes- tite and the middle portion contains a layer of concretion-like beds. This part of the section extends to the lake level 15+ Ft. In. The full section exposed is rather large because of the 10 degrees to 15 degrees dip in the rock. This is chiefly to the south- west, but is reversed near the north end of the section. The following fauna occurs in the lower member of the above section. Fauna of the Detroit River Series at McRae Point. Ceratopora tenella Rominger. Cladopora bifurcata Grabau. Cyathophyllum cf. hydrauUcum Simpson. Diplophyllum integumentum Barrett. Heliophrentis alternatum magna Grabau. Clathrodictyon variolare ? von Rosen. Idiostroma nattressi Grabau. Hederella sp. Reptaria cf . stolonifera Rolle. Prosserella modestoides Grabau. Prosserella subtranaverea Grabau. Schuchertella amherstburgense Grabau. Conocardium monroicum Grabau. Panenka canadensis Whiteaves. Acanthonema holopiformis Grabau. Eotomaria areyi Clarke and Ruedemann. Eotomaria galtensis? (Billings). Hormotoma subcarinata Grabau. Platyceras »p. Dawsonoceras annulatum americanum Foord. Trochoceras anderdonense Grabau. This is doubtless the Amherstburg dolomite. The fauna is composed of forms chiefly characteristic of that division of the Detroit River series. 279 AMHERSTBURG SECTION. There are two very important sections near this town, in addition to the numerous wells that have been drilled in the immediate vicinity. A very important section, showing the Anderdon-Onondaga contact, occurs at the quarries of the Am- herstburg Stone Company.* One of the marked characteristics of this section is that the Onondaga limestone rests unconform- ably on the Anderdon limestone and that the uneven contact shows an abundance of sand, probably of Oriskany origin, pene- trating the cracks and holes in the Anderdon limestone, and pebbles of this latter arc included within the sandy basal layer of the Onondaga. The following fauna occurs in the Anderdon limestone. Fauna of the Anderdon Limestone, Amherstburg Quarries. Ccratopora tenella (Rominger). Cladopora bifurcata Grabau. Cystiphytlum anderdonenae Grabau. Cyathophyllum sp. Diptophyllum integumentum Barrett. Favosites concavum Grabau. Favosites rectangularis Grabau. Helenterophyllum caliculoides Grabau. Zaphrentis sp. Clathrodictyon osteolatum Nicholson. Clathrodictyon variolare von Rosen. Coenostroma pustulosum Grabau. Idiostroma nattrcssi Grabau. Stromatopora galtensis Dawson. Stylodictyon sherzeri Grabau. Crinoid stems. Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus). Prosserella modestoides Grabau. Prosserella subtransversa Grabau. Spirifer ohioensis ? Grabau. Whitfieldella sp. Eotomaria galtensis ? (Billings). Platyceras sp. Solenospira sp. 'See section on page 202 of this report. 280 Hyolithet tp. Cyrtoceraaip. Trochoceru anderdoneiwe Grabau. Leperditia tp. This fauna shows strong Silurian affinities and. in addition to certain Onondaga elements, is more or less «"8K^f ^ °; *;* Guelph. If it lies above the faunas of the nortii end of the cut in the Detroit river, which is doubtful, it must complicate the correlation of ti»e Detroit River series. The lowest layers of the quarry, possibly belonging to the Flat Rock dolomite, contain the following forms. Fauna of the Lowest Layers of the Amherstburg Quarry. Cladopora bifurcata Grabau. Diplophyllum integumentum Barrett. Favoaitea sp. Clathrodictyon oateolatum Nicholson. Clathrodictyon variolare von Rosen. Eotomaria areyi Clarke and Ruedemann. Cyrtoceras orodes Billing*. The Amherstburg quarry is the type locality for the Ander- don limestone. When its fauna has been fully collected itwill undoubtedly include a much larger number of forms. While the lowest beds of the quarry were pointed out as possjbly belonging to the next lower formation, the above list of speaes does not support that assumption. By far the most important section of the Detroit River sen« from the standpoint of its fauna, occurs in tiie dry cut of th« Uvingst.ii channel along the International Boundary line ir tiie Detroit river slightly above Amherstburg. P""n8 «*^ vation tiie water was excluded from this portion of the channe by cofferdams and in tiie dry workings' an excellent sertion wa imcovered. In 1910 and 1911 one could walk through the entir cut, somewhat more tiian a mile in length, and ^"^t'nK wa good. There was also abundant opportunity to study the roc Tiee Sherxer. W. H.-Mich., Geol. and Biol. Surv., Pub. 12, 1911, pi XI, XX, XXI, XXIV. yk4 281 walls. The rocks are dipping to the southward about 100 feet per mile in this cut. On the Michigan side of the river the dip of the rocks is to the westward and well records on the Ontario side show an eastward dip as the rule. In the quarry of the Amherstburg Stone Company, however, the dip is to the west- ward. It seems, therefore, that the general rock structure here is anticlinal with local sags of greater or less extent and that the dips in the quarry and cut are to be accounted for as such local interruptions in the otherwise northward plunging anticline. The following descriptions and measurements were supplied by Rev. Thomas Nattress of Amherstburg. Section of the Stony Island Dry Cut, Livingston Channel. Thickness 18. Boulder till (Illinoian ?) 8 Ft. 9 In. Amherstburg dolomite 17. Dolomite with a seam of strontianite, weather- ed to mud, at the bottom 5 " 11* 16. Dolomite 5 " " IS. Rather massive dolomite containing Ctath- rodictyon osteolatutn in the lower half 6 " 6 " 14. Dolomite 2 « 2 " 13. Dolomite with rotten clayey strontianite seam at base 3" 3" 12. Dolomite 3" 3« 11. Dolomite showing stylolite seam. Lower sur- face petroleum spread 5" 0" 10. Dolomite beds measuring, in order downward : 2' 10", 4' 4", 2' 10", 3' 4", 3' 4", 4' 4", 2' 10", 2' 2", and 4' 0" 30 « « 9. Massive dolomite 4 " 4 " 8. Bed of dolomite which is nodular or apparently concretionary in structure 1" 9" 7. The zone of small gastropods and of Pamnka canadensis (Whiteaves), with beds i easur- ing, in order downward, 1' 0", 2' 6", 2' 7" to 3' 3" according to the irregularities of an- other appzu^ntly concretionary surface 6 " 5 * 282 Thickness 6. Concretionary ( ?) layer 1 Ft. 9 In. S. Thick bed of dolomite with stromatopora-like forms in the middle 7" ^ 4. Coarsely granular, brown dolomite 3" 4" 3. Massive stratum of brown dolomite with cavi- ties filled with partly decomposed stron- tianite and some calcite crystals. Other cavi- ties are full of minute grains of white calcite looking like quartz sand from the Sylvania . . 5 " S " 2. Massive stratum like that above except that it contains some dark drab chert and stromato- pora-like hydrozoans 5" 1. Brown dolomite forming the base of the cut at the north end, west side. It has a wavy surface above and contains some petroleum. . 2 " 10 " All of these lower beds near the north end of the cut are full of fossils and an important horizon was found near the south end, but it is next to impossible to locate all the fossil-bearing strata definitely in the section, as collections have been made almost entirely from the rock material after removal from position. The following list, however, may be divided '.nto a north and a south end fauna. Although fossils are abundant they are chiefly moulds which are not always well preserved. Faufia Collected from the Stony Island Dry Cut, Livingston Channel. ~ iNorth ; South Ceratopora regulario Grabau Ceratopora tenella (Rominger) Cladopora btf urcata Grabau Cyathophyllum hydraulicum ? Simpson Cylindrohelium heliophylloides Grabau Cylindrohelium prof undum ? Grabau Cystiphyllum americanum anderdonense Grabau Diplophyllum integumentum Barrett Diplophyllum sp Favosites basaltica nana Grabau Favosites cf. maximus Troost ■ ■ ■ ■ X X X X X X X X X mdA 283 North South Favosites sp Heliophrentis alternatum Grabau Heliophrentis alternatum niagnum Grabau Heliophrentis carinatum Grabau Romingeria sp Synaptophyllum multicaule Hall Synaptophyltum cf. simcoense Billings Syringopora cooperi Grabau Syringopora sp Clathrodtctyon osteolatum Nicholson Clathrodictyon variolare ? von Rosen Stylodictyon sherzeri ? Grabau Fenestella sp Polypora 2 ip Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus) Crania cf. pulchella Hall and Clarke Crania sp Hindella sp Meristella sp Metistospira michiganense Grabau Pentamerella cf . arata (Conrad) Prosserella modestoides Grabau % Prosserella modestoides depressum Grabau i Prosserella subtransversa Grabau ! x Reticularia sp x Rhipidomella sp x Schellwienella cf . pandora (Billings) I % Schizophoria sp ! j Schuchertella amherstburgense Grabau I x Schuchertella hydraulica ? Whitfield ! x Schuchertella interstriata (Hall) ; x Spirifer cf . divaricatus Hall Spirifer sulcata submersa Grabau Spirifer sp Stropheodonta demissa homalostriatus Grabau Stropheodonta cf . galeata (Billings) x Stropheodonta cf . inaequiradiata Hall i x Stropheodonta vascularia Grabau x Stropheodonta sp x Whitfieldella prosseri ? Grabau \ x Conocardium monroicum Grabau | x Modiomorpha cf . concentrica (Conrad) I x Nucula sp I x r: ■ 284 Nonh ParscydM »p Schisodut tp Acanthonema Usa Gnbau Bellerophon tp • Callonenuk cf. ImiUtor Hall and Whitfield Callonema ip Eotomaria areyi Clarke and Ruedemann Eotomaria galteniia (BUIinga) Eotomaria so Hormotoma subcarinata Grabau Hormotoma ip Holopea ip Loxomema ap Platycerai 2 ap Pleurotomaria velari* ? Wliiteavea Pleurotomaria ap Poleumiu ? cf. aulcau Hall Hyolithea sp Tentaculitea sp Cyrtoceraa orodea Bitlingt Cyrtoceraa sp -jj^ Dawsonocerai annulatum americanum Foord . Orthoceraa sp Poterioceras cf. sauridena Clarke Proetus cf . crassimarginatus Hall South X % X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X From Uii3 list it will be observed that the fauna collected in the south end of the cut differs considerably from that of the stratigraphically lower fauna found in the north end. This latter shows a more markedly middle Devonian character than as illustrated by Grabau and Sherzer, although few if any species can be positively identified with Onondaga forms. Even Proetus crassimarginatus, which has been identified from these beds, should be marked as doubtful. Moreover, assoaated with these Onondaga-like forms are others not known to occur in Devonian strata unless we revise our classification of that system. In the fauna of the south end Prosserdla and lo:- motoma constitute a very large percentage. Some layers are fairly crowded with one or two species of these genera. Ihe fauna of this southern end of the cut lies about 75 feet above 285 the northern one and is markedly unlike any that is at present included within undisputed Devonian. It, too, must be taken into consideration in any correlation that may be suggested for these beds. DISCUSSION OF PAUNAL RELATIONS. A close study of the fauna of the Detroic River series shows it to be somewhat related to the Guelph and older Silurian faunas, but its marked middle Devonian appearance is most pronounced. In discussing the Detroit River series, Grabau and Sherzer re- mark that "if the fauna were considered by itself, it would probably be pronounced a Schoharie or an Onondaga tauna without a moment's hesitation," but "the position of this fauna beneath 200 to 250 feet of Lucas dolomite with a Siluric fauna, forces us to consider this as Siluric.'" They thus agree with Dr. Hunt's Goderich section in their interpretation of the hori- zon of the fauna. The lowest layers of the Onondaga in Ohio and Ontario are usually a basal conglomerate. The pebbles of this conglomer- ate are identical in every way with the underlying dolomites of the Detroit River series from which they were unquestionably derived. This means that the time, which elapsed between the deposition of the sediments of the Detroit River series and the erosion which formed the gravels of the conglomerate, was suffi- cient for the consolidation of the Detroit River sediments into essentially their present condition. Adding this to the time neces- sary for the deposition of the 200 to 250 feet of dolomite com- posing the Lucas, it is certain that the time between the Flat Rock-Anderdon-Amherstburg dolomite and the Onondaga was very long. There is thus no possiblity that this fauna belongs in the Onondaga,* to which it is most nearly related. Its relation to the lowest Devonian of the eastern states isnonearerthantothe middle Silurian of the same region or of this province. I' seems, therefore, that it is proper to regard it as eitl a Silurian fauna >Mich. Geol. and Biol. Surv., Pub. 2, Geol. ser. 1, 1>09 (1910). p. 217. •See Nattress, Rev. Thomas, Geol. of the Detroit River Area, 2 lit Amu Rept. Ont. Bur. Mines, 1912, vol. XXI, pt. 1, pp. 281-287. 286 with affinities to the Guelph, but poBsibly more closely related to other faunas of that general age to the northwest,' or an isolated fauna, contemporaneous with the Helderbergian, which eventually developed into the Onondaga. Certain members of this fauna, especially the hydrozoans, corals, brachiopods, pelecypods, gastropods, and trilobites are undoubtedly ancestral to the Onondaga forms belonging to these same groups, but it is a question whether that is sufficient reason to place these deposiu in the Devonian, as that system ia now constituted, when there is a strong probability that they preceded in time even the lowest eastern Devonian. Possibly these forms are representative of the faunas that somewhere bridged the gap between Silurian and Devonian, a real transitional stage which is more closely related to known middle Devonian than to any preceding or subsequent fauna thus far discovered. The official practice of the Canadian Geological Survey is to treat the beds holding these faunas as part of the Devonian system. ■Grabau, A. VV. and Sherrer, W. H., op. cit. pp. 238, 239. m ^-^\:\ Hy' ; i«ip 6'ifiii j.'o^:> Old .ncunn't i^ .Wi 'til. l*jtl- 'IMiPS* 3>h ijj . i*:;.'^ ^' 288 Platk I. 'bl.e'"crf\£'bUdrc Jtyyro7which U indicated by .h. hat. ^ammmm 289 f'» quarry ■tone, the tn |i i I » 1 I ^ i i t ■ 1- [f ;, m -«* ' "..if! IV». I I "<*i-3 : ■^. 4 ' > y| 2')n Plate 11. Outcrop of the Onondaga limestone at Uaggcrty falls. jK^aBB; m 291 i 1 -.; S' itf'ln '/^iiiti^'Vlft!' ".i it'ifft. Ttlr.Jlt ■i*i'-.i •«•■ 292 Plate III. The top of the Oriskany sandstone in the qu ■ 'on the Jacob McCliinR farm, at the north end of lot 46, concession I, nort >i ^i the Talbot road, Nortli Cayuga tow-hip. The illustration shows the basal conglomerate of the Onondag? ' .atone adhering to the Oriskany. Ill 2y.< IfiH »r ! f i '^i lit jgii^ i ill tv. 'Ji •*'ii. • !.■ r,;'j .=*i. -in ;< *" '•* OrUkany sandstone at the Onetd Ume and Ssand rompany's plant, northwest of DeCewville. JL I |§::| t_ m PI 1 1 i 295 the Oneida \ \ a * M o('l •■?•• ,-„;,,., r.- '¥:»■- .*•< '■«■ "T ''* ■ -t i 't'l 20ft Hi]' 1 I » il •: I Plate V. The n«.«ve ()ri,lunv «nd.tone overling the Silurian dobmite. uncon. formibfy"u.Twe,t of i he Oneida t.iine an/s.nd Company . quarry. .">: te% union- I* ill I •i!^ iij f 1 i$ '■■ ,li j I i I ^ I: ! i:i I 1 :'i )!!)/-. ifa*ii :}, mir. is-!,.:' jl nrjiH 15^1)1 ■' m 298 t Plate VI. The cherty Onondaga limestone in J. C. Ingle's quarry at Hageravilie. irsvilie. 299 i • \ ; Jf'/ .«-/a I h- l<'li 1».l,« -Mil Jj ^^(i9,.^it s4Sfcf5f,„. ; 300 11 ji Plate VIl. The sudden change in dip of the Onondaga limestone at the cast end of the llorsc Shoe quarry at Si. Marys. d-i ,?01 end of ■i 9 I'l l^n* iMg^ ■^*f#t inv .ii,is if.- fftv/* ,:•&• ■ rMrt.-i.'iJ iflil M)2 ■*.. Platb VIII. The south wall of the Horae Shoe quarry at St. Marys. The coat and hat mark the probable contact between the Onondaga limestone and the over- l)'inK Delaware limestone. Mn oat and he over- I '''-^t-^-^ >'^ .■'%.'* ->;-■", ■%• I -*' •(»" laSi,. . * ; ^" ms-z-Tii. j» M)l pro! ln,ATE IX. South wall of the Thames quarry at St. Marys. The hat marks the ha\,[e contact between th.- Onondaga ami the Dolawarr Imiestone. thr .W5 iXlf m M)f) Plate X. Th<' irassi>c lower part of the Onon.laga limestone along the Mailland river at Coderirh. The uneven contact at the l.ase of the Onondaga is insrf--'i.^V%^:'^ i'-j 'S.-»SC?*J?';- 308 PLATb, .11. An outcrop of the Alpena limestone (middle Hamilton) at Bruder. lime-kiln, near Formosa. ti ii MW le-kiln, '-!%' i' ■■mi' ««■«;!/. i. si" ■;f-9*i) t-^^ '!; ' If .MO a.\TE XII. the tin •iformity l*twe«n the Detroit River beH- ami the .Mpena Hnie«t...ie ,it M: ,i(ler's lime-kiln. MI riMti-ie \^m W' ^^m m ^H y.' ('■ J^^^^B .>''. ' ■ !< 1 .(*• ,i «^'; ' x rlai.J/. J J, V)/it.^!^^li^«l.•J.^n^l^<#6V— .■>«■ .i It i^yuMlt In qol jrt t WD ; «i •*"* »•'■ :$• .1,1 ^!-.*'^--«v^ 'i~'TWi~i"i'W ' 312 Plate XHI. A weathered bank of the Hamihon beds along the Ausable river at Marsh's (Marghall's) mill. The nian is standing on the top of the coral zone. m larsh's .•'lX.a^-«, ' >••' riil:.',-.; 'J. . ■'^y '!t ,.} r'H 314 Plate XIV. Rwk ijlen at Arkona. This view shows essentially the full thickness of the VVidder beds. The prominent layer in the foreground is the ciicrinal limestone. ,M- i of the ncrinal ■f^: •^luJtifcn ^*f ,<■■"* ^. i- .?I6 Platk XV. The ihale ami lop limexKinr ..f thi- Ui.Ukr IjmIi in Rcxlt kIch at Arkoiia. M) t ^t^- I :l ' i ; I: n M8 iyatk xvr. Tin- Huron slwle at Ketllc puini on l^,kc Huron. ,n<> I,! 117/ i I- >li1i' "ii i'' >;i'> ^f!, >;,..■» Ill , -ii<»J lilt '(<> qti 5(111 fill. . •li!ll-i(,.II, !' riraiii 320 P1.ATF. XVll ^ ■ '''.nVw.U n ; .-^hie I!^.. 0,.- arch.ng up of the la, cont-miom "'"''XToncre.iw wfeifesrowHUt- H TV» top ■>< the IPfr^"" Kettle ,«»t and hHHTwa^h l«ck. I'tAlh X\ll (hfriiiilal s (liir to Lfiween i *« *. ■■*^- «f >Mvtiinl|pfT 322 Plate XVI M. Oenerdl view ot the Onondaga limestone in the quarry at Amhentburg. The uneven surface In the foreground it the top of the Anderdon bed*. M.i B> *,-■, "•^ .-,' ".'! *'•"".'' W '^"'" •'»"'-'• »•'•»'' »B ^T '*'• '♦r^ii « MICROCOPY iBOlUTION TBT CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) A & APPLIED IIVHGF Inc 1653 Eos( Uairt st-eet (716) 482 - 0300 - PBone (716) 2M- 5989 -Fox fi'"' ^>''' 9'mmm^ mmfimmmmmmm 324 Plate XIX. The Onondaga limestone in Capt. Jack McCormiclc's quarry on the north shore of Pelee island. The man stands on the massive bed which is known as Bottom Rock" on Kelley island and Marblehead, Ohio. m the lich is 325 f.'A vu. iM n»,uj 6a.'«.i 326 Plate XX. Massive Onondaga limestone in William McCormick's quarry near the west dock, Pelee island. ~5 I -. ; i f 1 M7 ;ar the i 329 INDEX. A. Adelaide township. .. . ... Aikens, W. J . . . . "* Alpena limestone V/^' ' ; ;„ 1!J1 " Michigan '*<*• '♦'• 226 Alvinston ,;,, ,{" Amhentburg dolomite i,A' Hi I • Kin«»"«««>e-...:;;:::;;;:.':::::::::::::: • 277 MCtton 2(11 170 Analy«. of bUck riiSr^"tte'^nt .. . . ..;..;.. ^'"' Vgi Anderdon beds '5r AndJI^ontownrfS'T'^::-"' ■••••••■■••••- Antrim ihale .... 200 Arctic regions " Arkona f" • section... • ''° Artwian wells, StV Marys! '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. }m Ashfield township iii Ashton, Robert "5 Attrill's well '25 Au«ibie river ^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ! ! ! i ! ! ! i ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ] ! ! ! Q, 156 B. BaieduDori ,,., Baker, M. B "f uassler, R. S * Beachville '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. V,, ,,X « — -. • 1 13, 272 sections ,7. Bear creek j'* Belmore section }?, Benmiller section :%i Bertie township ''" " township quarry }» _ waterlime Ja Bell. Robert *° Big's'''' ;;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::: 2so Bingham Road ridgw .■.■.■.';.; 109, 255 Blue point ? J Bore-hole records. See reconls (rf well. teir..*"'!"''':-.:.:::: i63,m.i82 Brant township ??J Brantford. ...... J*' Brick .' .' 255 Brooke township .'.'.'. j|J 23 »T^— nti^T 330 PAOB Bruce county ^\\ " County MctioM •*• • townihip • \%] Bruder'i lime-kiln • • • • • >♦«. "5 Brumell. H P. H 3. >SS. 200, 2S5 Buel quarries ** Building ttone •'• Byng tection " Caldwell grant JOS Camden township 'Jf Canadian Crude Oil Producers t9« • Portland Cement Company '■,« Carbonaceous shale 258 Cargill section ■ . }«' Carrick township i*h I*; Cement 257 Chagrin formation, Ohio If Oanng Cross 198 Chatham section I'J Cheapside section *' Chemung group ■„ 2, 4 Clarke, f- M 221, 224 Classification ._2 Clinton beds, Wallaceburg ;i „ ''! Cobleskill dolomite 17. 57, 61 Colborne township 131 Coles, Albert 199 Comber 255 Concretions, spheroif*'*! J* Coral zone 10 Corniferous limestone 1> 5 Corunna section 193 Courtright Salt Company 194 Cranbrook section 120 Crays.A.R 07 Croton • 18* Cutroas township "8, 141 D. ! '■ m Daltey, Mr Dawn Mills " township Dawson, J. W DeCewvifle • section Delaware fauna " fossils Umestone 9, 137 214, • « Benmiller 128,129, " * building stone " " Chatham • * Cheapside «, • " Courtright 199 197 254 3 218 56 225 45 253 131 256 198 ,51 194 331 Delaware limetton«, Cranbrook , . . '*f^ ' cruahcd 120.122 I I ' Umbton }JJ • ; • Rowan Jg : - Hrfc.. '".m.M? : : Selkirk •« Delhi Tiii«,„bu,g :::;:;::::::;:::::;:::: iw Detail! of itratisrapliy. '0* Detroit River Mriet . , ..... , • • ■ „ >4 " Chatham 2.5.220.222 : : : de^SbS":::::::;:;;;:;:;:;:;:; »?* - - - feo« ;:..;.:22o.2M ; • • Petrolia j« : ; I PortElgin WO : ; I Port.Unbton " . I : Rfleigh townrfiip \^ : : - ^fnr."":;;; •:■■■■: i ; ; " Sucker creek..., :: »« ; • " Waltaceburg ?2? rv • u. . r Woodatock j'J Devonian black ihale '" " economic products of. . . ! ifj faunas, check list of ^ .„ *Jf ; outcrop., North America '" ??i nj _i 'oc'? m Ontario, extent of '*? Uucussion of formational divisions J Dresden 5 Dry creek W Dunn tr Sip ♦' Dunwict nshlp. ..'. ♦> Dutton ... 25S 255 E. Economic products of the Ontario Devonun . ,., E,I|tn county *3* County sections. 255 Empire Limestone Company. 'SI Encnnal limestone. ... 2$ Enniskillen wells '" Erian group 254 Eaopus grits 137 Eaaat County st^.ions...'. 2 Euph.m«tow,«hip ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::i85.i89.^34 t; isa FamiiM riv«f JJ* Faunal diKuaioii •{• Ftohervill* Mction ,„. .J* FUt Rock dolomitt, AmtMntburg ^"' tS Fordwich Mction ••* Fornwtional diviaioiM • , .J FormoM .'AH! • Mctioa J^^' 2" Fort Erie '. M.2J* • • tcction " FoMiU, Amhentburg, Kincardine • • • • HI - • dolomite, Stony IJand 282 to JM Anderdon bed*. Amherrtburg ■.-y.- ■ ■ ■ -.v.- ■ .lA fii Arkona 164 to 168; 170 to 172 Beachville i, 274. 275 chec:c li»t of ^** i? ?51 DeUwara, Benmlller 131. 132 • Port Stanley 10« • Rainham « • Walpole townahip « Detroit River leriet, FormoM 276 • • • McRea point 27« Devonian, Amhentburg 20* 20S • DeCewville 5? '",55 ditcuMion of ;A^^ ^ FormoM "? V !iS Hamilton formation, Formoaa ■*', }« Smith Falli 18» • • Strathrov 156 Huron thale, Euphemia township IN • " Warwick townahip IM Ipperwaah limestone, Stony Point 181. 18? Kettle point • • • }>* Marsh's mill iV."?„V l$i Onondaga, Amherstburg w*. 203, 200 ■ and Delaware, Benmillcr 129, 130 Cranbrook 120,121,122,123 • • • Dry creek 49 • • « Port Albert 136 • St. Marys 115,116,118,119 • Baxter quarry '.V .. ?i • Bertie township ii 'Ji • Buel quarries 23, 24 • Cargill 150 to 152 • DeCewville i^> 5f • Fiaherville 5r • Fordwich 123, i24 • Goderich 134, 135 « Gorh 125, 126 to 128 • Ha^HT^ , 68 to 70; 72, 73, 74, 75 • Hak,> falls 52 • Middle isUnd 21? • Pelee island 207 to 211 Port Colborne 27, 28, 29 to 31; 32 to 35 • " Dover 102 to 104 « Elgin 152,153 333 FoMil*. OimmkUih, Pom Mail land ... .... '*2 * Kockford 97" oii"bo im • Shcrki ?♦ ; springvato '.':.'::.::' It io wv a to 9? Siony creek ij Ii Villanova "• J* Weber quarry IX' I? Krenchmana crwk '■'^' 'j^ O. Gaa Gaa, Port Rowan.'. '. .'.'.'.'.!.'.'.'.' ?5? " Vienna * ••^Devonian ....■....•.■.:;•.•.•, »«•"'•?" Geneaee shale i • •, , ff; Goderich ■*' * V ?}? " lection ^'VA Gordon. D. A }" Gore of Chatham JS Gorri* aection JlJ Grabau, A. W uo im 'iit \ii Grahmn. Valentine "^' '"• ^"' ?" Grand river liio Grande Greve timeatone iib i'?? Gray township ''"' **' Greenock township Guelph dolomite, Rideetown Wallaceburg fSj Gypaum, Coirtright "" " Petrolia • Sucker creek 120 149 200 194 190 201 H. Hagersville Light and Fuel Comoany's well . . I? limestone, crushed .,» • section "i Hanerty Falls section 9{ Haldimand county ^ i.. A] ' countysection... ....:::::::;;::;: 6,256,274 Hall, James « I'i iot iVt Hamilton beds 1 2 7 lOO i . 2, 7, 109, 1J7, IM, 214, 253 • Chatham ?" • Coninna }'? • Courtright \l\ ' il 334 PAGE Hamilton beds, Oil Springs 191 " « PortLambton 195 • • Raleigh township 198 ■ • Ridgetown 199 • " Sarnia 192 • * See also Widder. • • Smith Falls 189 • " Strathroy 156 • • Thedford 176 • * Wallaceburg 197 " fauna 225 ' fossils. See also fossils. • Robert 68 W. G 124 Harris, W 155 Hedge, George W 46 Helderbergian 218, 219, 225 Helkie's Ume-ldln 46 Hinde, G. J 185 Hogan quarry 28 HoFland, Mr 277 HoUiday, Mr 131 Horseshoe quany, St. Marys 114 Horwick township 148 Howard, Mr 76, 98 « township 199 Howick « 123 Humberstone township 25, 27 Hunt, T. Sterry 109, 254, 271, 285 Huron County sections 120 " of Ohio 214 « shale 183, 185, 186 " * as source of oil 258 ' Chatham 198 « Corunna 193 " " Courtright 194 « fossils, check list of 228 « Port Umbton 195 " " Ridgetown 199 « Wallaceburg 197 I. Illinois 219 Ingles, J. C 71 Ipperwash beach 11, 180 cape 182 " limeitone 225 " Chatham 198 • " Corunna 193 • • Courtright 194 « " Oil Springs 191 • « Raleigh township 198 • " Sarnia 192 • * Smith Falls 189 • " Thedford 180 335 PACE &^;Aricona:;;:;::;::;;;:;::;:;;::;:;;:;;;;;:;::''2«»."2.224 Kent county ,,. • County sectiona f " KXe' .v. ill,; ,82, 214. 215.227 - Section.:..;.:.;.:. 155,272.277 Kindle, E. M , j ,„, v., 276 »««"one Anils :::: i i :::::: 1 ! i! i! i!! i! .'li.'^.^ ^?J Lambton County ,,« ,,, . " County section* ' ?« Lane. Professor i„ Lime *'* Limestone, crushed ,2; Little Pine Brook ill Livingston channel i|; Lockport dolomite. Wallaceburg. ... • -^ fSV ten^r""".;::: ::;;:: '^^ :t:2.3;5;67;i48;i53;.s4. 72 " section rf; Lucknow river J?| Lynedoch section }r? Lynn river |^ M. McBride esUte .„, McClun^. Jacob. ^05 r. Ja< ick. McCormick. Jack .,-w William ^ Mcintosh. W ,0, fS2 McKenrie.Mr ^'2. 198 McLaren. John oe McPherson. Mr H McRae point ,c. ,,2 « Kint section '**• lU M^l^i^^XIe;;;;;;; :.: 120. 123; 12., .32, us 272 " fossils....:::::.:::.:::. v'f « New York 117 2U ?« , " « Port Stanley "^' ^'*' ?^ Marsh's mill ... , }^ Medina formation. Wallaceburg 107 " gas horizon i,t ' oil stratum Xi? Memphremagog lake 22? Michigan Central Railway quarry ,1 Middle Island section.... .... jif Middlesex county 254 i 336 FACE Middlesex County sections jj* Miller. Robert i' ,, Jo? Moore township. *> !*• 1'3 Moaa " 254 Murray, Alexander 2, 1»3 N. Nanticoke creek 55, 95, 97 Nattress, Thomas 281 Nelles Corners, sand *'° Newberry, J. S • ■ ■ \f New York state 3, 218, 219 Niagara river '* Nicholson, H. A ■J Norfolk County sections ;;i; cii ' iff ^ i: 340 rAOB SoapMone, upper , 1| Sombra township *][* South Cayuga townihip *• Southampton island *** Spears, Mr ,'j '^'a^''«;nd.tone;;::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::;::::7;>7:2^^ Sundard White Lime Company 113, 257, 274 Stony creek ♦2, 46 • Uland ,, 281 « point i« Strathroy section ''J Stratigraphy, details of jj Stromness post-office ^ Sucker Creek Oil and Gas Company *"" Summary and conclusion iiWt iaa » -2 Sydenham river H. 1»5. l"'- *^ Sylvania sandstone, Courtright ]j* ' ' PortLambton 196 • • Sucker creek 201 T. Ti.ble of formations, Detroit River series 273 • • « Devonian :,:.■ :,^ v.i Talbot road «>. 199,258 « " sand *'" Teeswater river. .■.■.■.■.■.:: 138.141,143,149 Teitz quarry ,=[* I'ennessee , }2 -^j^^^^ :::::::::::::::::::::::iw,ii3.254.i72,274 Thedford \\^ • brickandtUe 257 Tilbury oil field *« • West 255 Tile 257 Tillsonbiirg section.' • l"*' 2|5 Townsend township "'• '"'», i Traverse group of northern Michigan *•* Tumbory township "^ V. Unconformity b^iween Silurian and Devonian 213 V. Vanuxem, Lardner '. Victoria " Vienna Ig" Villanova section " Ml W. PACK Wallaceburg lectioii 196 Walpole townihip 41, 42, 47, 51, 77 Warwick towiwtup 185 Weaver, Mr 107 Weber. Mr 39 Welland cana! 27 " county 274 * County Lime Worka 35 * " Mctions 15 Weller, Stuart v, 223 West Hamilton, Madiaon county. New York 7 Whiteaven, J. F 223 Widderbeds 10,214,225 " Arkona 163.169 " " Chatham 198 * • Courtright 194 " • Oil springf 191 " • Raleigh township 198 " * Samia 192 * * See alio Hamilton. " • Strathroy 156 " • Thedford 173.176 Wier quarry 110 Williams, H. S 187 Winchell, Alexander 252. 253 VAndmill point 6 Windmill Point section 22 Winger farm 87 •'^ Mr. S. W 82 Wlngham 10 section 138 Woehl, George IS Woodhouse township 101, 104 Woodstock 271 * section 109, 274 Wyoming 191 Z. Zone township 255 1 If 1; ^^B' i' H] IBH '' m¥ , P wl LIST OF RECENT REPORTS OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Since 1910, reports ianied by the Geoloctcal Survey have been called memoirs and have been numbered Memoir 1, Memoir 2, etc. Owing to delays incidental to the publishing of reports and their accompanying maps, not all of the reports have been called memoirs, and the memoirs have not been issued in the order of their assigned numbers and, therefore, the following list has been prepared to prevent any misconceptions arising on this account. The titles of aU other important publications of the Geological Survey are incorporated in this list. 'll Mtnurfn and Reports PublUhMl Durint 191t. REPORTS. Report on • geological reconi»l««nce oj the r^ten t«**^.^y JiIT NttJonil Tr«nicontinent«l r«ilw«y between Uke Nfplgon end CUy UlH, Ont.— by W. H. Collin*. No. 1059. , u ji i. u Report on the geological portion and characteriatlca o( the oil-AaW detx^tioi Canada— by R. W. Ella. No. 1107. .. „ „ « '^ r^lSTnce aero- the Mackenzie '"o^^^'}^^^*^,^- ^' •nd Gravel rivera, Yukon and North Weat Temtoriea-by Joaeph Keel*. No 1097 Summary Report for the calendar year 1909. No. 1120. MEMOIRS-GEOLOGICAL SERIES. No. t, Gtohncot Serus. Geology of the Niplgon btain, Ontario -by AHred W. G. Wilion. ^ _,. , u^u- No. 2, Ciohtual Strut. Geology and ore depoaita of Hrdley mining dittrict, Britlal- Columbia-bv Charkra Camaell. No. 3, GtdonccU StrUt. Paliconiicid fiahea from the Albert ahale* of new Brunswick— by Lawrence M. Umbe. No. 4. Ceotorical S«tu$. Preliminary memoir on the Lew«i and NordenakiOld River* coal diatrict. Yukon Temtory— by No. $'CeoloticarS*rut. Geology of the Haliburton and Ban- croft area*, Province of Onurio— by Frank D. Adama and Alfred E. Barlow. . „ „ . : .^ No. 6, Ctohgical Serus. Geology of St. Bruno mountain, prov- ince of Quebec— by John A. Dreaaer. Mmou 1. Mbmoib 3. Mbiiou 3. Muiou S. Mbmoib 6. Mbmoib 7. Mbmou 11. MEMOIRS-TOPOGRAPHICAL SERIES. No. 1. TopopatkUal Striet. Triangulation and spirit levelling of Vancouver Ukind, B.C., 1909— by R. H. Chapman. Memoirs and Reports Published During 1911. REPORTS. Repjrt on a traverae through the aoutheni prt.°'jj>« ^orth Weat Territoriea, from Uc Seul to Cat lake, in 1902-by Alfred W. G. Wilaon **' Report on a part of the North West Territories drained by the Winisk and Upper Attawapiskat rivers— by W. Mclnnes. No. 1080. _...._ Report on the geology of an area adjoining the east side of Uke Tinuakam. iog—by Morley E. Wilson. No. 1064. Summary Report for the calendar year 1910. No. 1170. MEMOIRS-GEOLOGICAL SERIES. Mbmoib 4. No. 7, CeohtUal SerUs. Geological reconnaissance, along the line of the National Transcontinentol railway m western Quebec— by W. J. Wilson. , - , . ..i. _ VlBMOiB 8. No. 8, CeohgkcU Series. The Edmonton coal field, AlberU— by D. B. Dowling. Mbmo» V Mbiio» 10. MiMoii 12. Mbmoib \5. Mbmom 16. >ftuoi» U. Bighorn coal batin, Albtru— by C. S. No. 9, Gtuhptal Sniu. Malloch. N». 10, GtolotUal StrUi. An inttrumental turvcy oT tht •horc-linet of the extinct lalcea Algonquin anlclthwait. a"' p*'^.P*oi Stntt. Iniectt from the Tertiary Uika depnaits of the louthern intericjr of Britiih Columbia, col- tectecl by Mr. Uwrence M. Umbe. in 1906— by Anton Hanillir '>, ^"' Jf. ?'. . - -"^ ^*^'- O" • Trenton Echinoderrr ' ,una at Kirkliekl, Ontano— by Frank Springer. No. 13, Ctohtital Strut. The clay and ihale Hepoaiti of Nova Scotia and portitma of New Brunawick- by Hcinrich Rici aaaif ted by Joteph Kecle. MEMOIRS-BIOLOGICAL SERIES. No. 1, Biohticai Strut. New apeciet of thella collected by £?!;•, •l°'j? .^''5?"" *' Barkley aound. Vancouver itiancl. Britbh Columbia— by William H. Uall and Paul Bartach. Memoirs and Reports Published During 1913. REPORTS. Summary Rtport for thi> calendar year 1911. No. 1218. Mbmoir 13. Mbuo» 21. Memou 24. Mbhoir 27. Mbuoib 28. MEMOIRS— GEOLOGICAL SERIES. No. 14, Geolotical Striti Charlei H. Clapp. No. 15, Ceolojical Soriei. Southern Vancouver iaiand — by —-'. — .. The geology and ore oepoaita of Phoenix, Boundary dutnct, Britiih Columbia— by O. E LeRoy. No. 16, Geolotical Striet. Preliminary report on the clay and •hale deposits of the western province*— by Heinrich Ries and Joseph Keele. No. 17, Geological Seriet. Report of the Commission appointed to investigate lurtle mountain, Frank, Alberta, 1911. No. 18, Geolotical Seriet. The Geology of Steeprock lake, Ontario— by Andrew C. Lawson. Notes on fossils from limestone of Steeprock lake, Ontario— by Charles D. Waicott. Memoirs and Reports Published During 1913. REPORTS, ETC. Museum Bulletin No. 1: conuins articles Nos. 1 to 12 of the Geologicu Series of Museum Bulletins, articles Nos. 1 to 3 of the Biological SeriM of Museum Bulletins, and article No. 1 of the Anthropological Series of Museum Guide Book No. 1. Excursions in eastern Quebec and the Maritime Provmcea, parts 1 and 2. 24 i Gukit Book No. 2. EscuraioM in tho Eatttni TowmMpt of QiMbac and th* MMicrn part of Onurio. Cuidt Book No. 3. ExcunloiM in tho ncishbourhood of MoatrMi and Otuwa Gukh Book No. 4. GuM* Book No. 5. Manitoulin idand. GuMe Book No. 8 Excuniom la KMithwtttani Ontaria EacunioM In tha wtatarn ptninaula of Ontario aMi Toronto to Victoria and rtturn tfo Cas^dian PadAc and Canadbn Northern railwiyi; parti 1, 2, and 3. Guide Book No. 9. Toronto to Victoria and return fi» Canadian PadOc, Grand Trunk Pacific, and National Tranicontincntal railway*. Guide Book No. 10. Eacuniona in Northern Britiah Columbia and Yukon Territory and along the north Padlic coaat. MEMOIRS-GEOLOGICAL SERIES. MiMoia 17. No. it, CMhtital Strut. G«ok>ty and economic naource* of the Larder l^ke diatrict, Ont., and adjoining portk>n8 of Pontiac county, Que.— by MorUy E. Wilton. MiMOia 18. If». 19, CtdofUal jrrwf. Bathunt diatrict, New Brunawick— by G. A. Young. MiMOia 26. Ifc. j4, Ctoieticaf S*rU$. Gcokwy and n^ineral depodt* of the Tulamcen diatrict, B.C.— by C. Camaell. MiMOiX 29. So. 32, Ctdptieal Stmt. Oil and aa* proq>ecta of th* north* west provlncea of Canada— by W. Malcolm. MiMOiB 31. No. 20, Ctelotkal Strut. Wheaton diatrict, Yukon Territory— by D. D. Cairne*. Mbmou 33. No. Jo, Gtelopcal Strru, The geok>gy of Gowganda Minii g Diviiion— by W. H. Collina. Mbmoii 35. No. 29, Coolotital Strut. Reconnaitaance along the N&tional Tranicontinenul railway in aouthem Quebec— by John A. Dretaer. Mbmou 37. No. 22, Ctohfical Strut. Porttona of AtUn diatrict, B.C.— by D. D. Cairnea. MBMOtt 38. No. 31, Gtoloptai Stritt. Geology of the North American Cordillera at the forty-ninth parallel, i^ru I and II— by Reginald Aldworth Daly. Memoirs and Reports Published During 1914. REPORTS, ETC. Summary Reix>rt for the calendar year 1912. No. 1305. Muieum Bulletint Not. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 contain article* Noa. 13 to 23 of the Geological Series of Mu«eum Bulletini, article No. 2 of the Anthro- pological Serie*, and article No. 4 of the Biological Seriea of Muaeum Bulletina. Pro»pector'i Handbook No. 1: Note* on radium-bearing mineral*— by Wyatt Makolm. MUSEUM GUIDE BOOKS. The archaeological collection from the aouthern interior of Britiah Colum- W^— by HarUn I. Smith. No. 1290. MEMOIRS-GEOLOGICAL SERIES. Mbmou 23. No. 23, Ctdotical Stritt. Geology o' the Coait and tiland between the Strait > i Georgia and Queen Charlotte aound, B.C. — by J. Austin E.iia.<.':. li Mutora 25. tt0. II, CflMUat S*H*t. MiMOia 30. Mmoii 20. Mbmo» M. MiMoia 52. MiMOti 43. Mbmou 44 MuioiB 22. Mmon 32. MiMon 47. Mbmou 40. Mbmoii 19. Mbuoib 39. Mbmoib 51. Miuon 61. Mbmoib 41. Mbmoib 53. Mbmoib 55. Mbmoib 48. Mbhoir is. Mbuoir 49. Mbmou 42. Mbmoib 54. RouginMMt ^Uy and thak dtpoaitt of Ntw II. CttlMUat S*H**. Rtport on th« cby and ihala d«- po^it ol the WMttrn provincM (Part II)— by Hcinrich Rita and Joaaph Ktalt. N« 40. CMftifat S*Ti»$. Tht baiina o( Nclaon and Churchill riva.»— by William Mclnnca. N0.4l^olcti€«l Striu. Gold Aalda o( Nova Scotia— by W. N». 3J, C*»latical Strut G*o\ogy of tha Victoria and Saankh map-areaa, Vancouver laland, B.C.— by C. H. Clapp. at. 4l,(kti«jiUal Strits. Geological notca to accompany map ^ of Sheep River aa* and oil field, Alberu— by D. B. Dowllni. N». 3t, Cttloiical S^^t. St. Hllaire (Bcloeil) and Rounmont mounuint, Quebec— by J. I. O'Neill. N». 37, GiclotUal Strut. Cb Bruniwick— by J. Kecle. N».n,C*MovtalSirUt. Preliminary report on the Mrprnttnaa and aaaociatcd rocka, in louthern Quebec— by I. A. Drcwtr. N*. Ji, Ctohtical Strut. Portiona of PortUnd Canal and SInena Mining diviaiona, SIceana diatrict, B.C.— by R. C. McConnell. N». 39, Gtototkal Siritt. Clay and ahala depoiita of tht wcatem provincca, Part III— by Heinrich Rlea. No. 24, CtchtictU Stritt. The Archaan geology of Rainy lakt — by Andrew C. Lawion. N». 26, Ctolotual Strut. Ccoloay of Mother Lode and Sunatt minea, Boundary diatrict, B.C.— by O. Le Roy. N: 3i, Gtolttieal Stritt. Kewagama Ukt map-area, Qutbte —by M. E. Wilion. No.43,Ct9hvfol Stritt. Geology _f tha Nanaimo map-area— bv C. H. Clara. No. 4i. Ctohticaf Stritt. Mooae Mounuin diatrict, aouthtm Alberta (lecond editiof )— by D. D. Caimea. Wo. 39, CtdotUel Strut. The "Fern Ledgea" Carboniferout flora of St. John, New Brunawick— by Marie C. Stopca. No. 44, Ctoloticta Strut. Coal fielda of Manitoba, Saikatchf wan, Alberta, and eaatcm Britiih Columbia (reviaed edition) —by D. B. Dowling. No. 46, Gtohtical Stritt. Geology of Field map-area. Alberta and Britiah Columbia— by John A. AlUn. MEMOIRS— ANTHROPOLOGICAL SERIES. No. 2, Anthropolotical Striei. Some mythi and tales of tht Oiibwa of aoutheastem Ontario— collected by Paul Radin. No. 3. Anthropolotical Series. The inviting-in feast of tht Alaska Eskimo — by E. W. Hawkes. No. 4, Anthropolotical Strit: Malecite talea— by W. H. Mechling. No. 1, Anthropolotical Stritt. The double curve motive in northeastern Algonkian art— by Frank G. Speck. MEMOIRS-BIOLOGICAL SERIES. No. 2, Biolotical Stritt. Annotated list of flowering planta and ferns of Point Pelee, Ont., and neighbouring distncta— by C. K. Dodge. !♦' 'ii Memoirs and Reports Published During 1915. REPORTS, ETC. Summary Report for the calendar year 1913, No. 1359. Summary Report for the calendar year 1914, No. 1503. Report from the Anthropological Divition. Separate from Summary Report from the Topographical Division. Separate from Summary '^Report from the Biological Division: Zoology. Separate from Summary '^Muieum Bulletin No. 11. No. 23, Ceohgkal Series. Physiography of the Beaverdell map-area and the southern part of the Interior plateaus, B.C. — by Leopold Reinecke. _ . ^ „ Museum Bulletin No. 12. No 24, Geological Serus. On toceratop; canadensis, gen. nov., with remarks on other genera of Cretaceous horned dinosaurs — by L. M. Lambe. . Museum Bulletin No. 14. No. 25, Geological Series. The occurrence of Glacial drift on the Magdalen islands— by I. W. Goldthwait. Museum Bulletin No. IS. No. 26, Geological Senes. Gay Gulch and Skookum meteorites — by R. A. A. Johnston. , „ . _, ^ . . . Museum Bulletin No. 17. No. 27, Geological Senes. The Ordovician rocks of Lake Timiskamlng— by M. Y. Williams. . , „ . _ , . Museum Bulletin No. 6. No. 3, Anthropological Serus. Pre-histonc and present commerce among the Arctic Coast Eskimo— by N. Stefansson. Museum Bulletin No. 9. No. 4, Anthropological Senes. The glenoid foMa in the skull of the Eskimo— by F. H. S. Knowfes. Museum Bulletin No. 10. No. 5, Anthropological Senes. The social orffanization of the Winnebago Indians— by P. Radin. . , _ . , . Museum Bulletin No. 16. No. 6, Anthropological Series. Literary aspects of North American mythology— by P. Radin. _^ . . , , . Museum Bulletin No. 13. No. 5, Biological Series. The double crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus). Its relation to the salmon indubtnea on the Gulf of St. Lawrence— by P. A. Tavemer. Iff mi MEMOIRS— GEOLOGICAL SERIES. Memoir 58. No. 48, Geological Series. Texada island— by R. G. McCon- Memoik 60. No. 47, Geological Series. Arisaig-Antigonish district— by M. y. Williams. . „ ^ .. Memoir 67. No. 49, Geological Series. The Yukon-Alaska Boundary be- tween Porcupine and Yukon rivers — by D. D. Cairnes. Memoir 59. No. 55, Geological Series. Coal fields and coal resources of Canada— by D. B. Dowllng. „..»,, Memoir 50. No. 51. Geological Series. Upper White River District, Yukon —by D. D. Cairnes. . , ^ . , .u Memoir 65. No. 53, Geological Series. Clay and b.^le deposits of the western provinces. Part IV— by H. Ries. _ Memoir 66. No. 54, Geological Series. Clay and shale deposits of the western provinces. Part V — by J. Keele. _ _ Memoir 56. No. 56, Geological Series. Geology of FrankUn mining camp, B.C.— byChas. W. Drysdale. Memoir 64. No. 52, Geological Series. Preliminary report on the clay and ihaU deposits of the Province of Quebec-— by J. Keete. Mbmom 57. MuioiR 68. MBIfOM 69. Memoir 72. Memoir 73. Memoir 74. Memoir 76. No. 50, CetOovcal Series. Corundum, iti occurrence, diitri- A7 en '??• exP'o'tat'on. and uie»— by A. E. Barlow. ^■^ I'j *^''*^?; •^'r*'*- ^ geoloKical reconnaimnce between Golden and Kamloops, B.C., abng the line of the Canadian Pacific railway— by R. A. Daly. No. 57,_^GeolojUal Series. Coal fields of BritUh CoIumbU— The artesian wells of Montreal — by Abnormal types of speech in by D. B. Dowling. No. 60, Ceohgical Series. C. L. Cumming. No. 58, Geological Series. The Pleistocene and Recent depodts of the Island of Montreal— by J. Stansfield. No. 61, Geological Series. A list of Canadian mineral occur- rences—by R. A. A. Johnston. No. 62, Geological Series. Geology of the Cranbrook map-area —by S. J. Schofield. MEMOIRS— ANTHROPOLOGICAL SERIES. Memoir 46. No. 7, Anthrofwlogical Series. Classification of Iroquoian radicals and subjective pronominal prefixes— by C. M. Barbeau. Memoir 62. No. 5, Anthropological Series Nootka— by E. Sapir. MEMOIR 63. No. 6 Anihropological SerUs. Noun reduplication in Comox. M„„^. -jc „ a,fa'"" ,'^"8"3ge of Vancouver island— by E. Sapir. MEMOIR 75. No. 10 Anlhrofologtcal Series. Decorative art of Indian tribes of Connecticut— by Frank G. Speck. Memoirs and Reports in Press, July 29, 1915. No. S, Anthropological Series. Family hunting territories and social life of the various Algonkian bands of the Ottawa valley— by F. G. Speck. ^"V?" .A.'^thrppological Series. Myths and folk-lore of the linuskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa— by F. G. No. 63, Geological Series. The Devonian of southwestern Ontano— by C. R. Stauffer. No. 64, Geological Series. Geology and ore deposits of Rossland, D.C — by C. W. Drysdale. No. 66, Geological Series. Wabana iron ore of Newfoundland— by A. O. fiayes. No. 65, Geological Series. Ore deposits of the Beaverdell map-area — by L. Reinecke. Museum Bulletin No. 18 No. 28, CeologUal Series. Structural relations ^vi^TliT^K '^"x'i"'t?^^Jf°^°'f Z"^^*."""'' °f the Ottawa and St. Uw- rence valley»— by E. M. Kindle and L. D. Burling. Museum Bulletin No. 19. No. 7, Anthropological Series. A sketch of the social orgamiation of the Nass River Indiana— by E. Sapir Memoir 70. Memoir 71. Memoir 34. Memoir 77. Memoir 78. Memoir 79. if ri f 1 |il li I \ ? f i) i ■^^ 1; u i€m Hon, L. CootRRt. MmisTti*, R.G oeouMioi OEOLOOY Moo az'sui Uoo' LKGFND Zi I CNCMUMO *W0 PORTAOC » CENESCE r HAMILTON a'Mf •««■?•> (',?' O'* ' ■' ^J 3 S cf ^ti:ft^isrM.«M 1 K**V« MARCELLUS ONONDAOA ORISKANV 2 MONROL.RONOOUT 'i «1 COBLESKILL \ 3i AND SALINA. | 3 [ ^Sx 1S/L tsstA'inssisSSi liinrataaii and miu> After Uu map was printed it was itcided tha: ihe areas coloured SUurian, in Essex ctinnty, at St. Uarys, and near IniersoU thou-J i>r' placed in the lower pari of tke Devonian, wilk the name DrlroU Rtter eeries. U N T D iisTti«,R.GM?CoNNtLu .Deputy Minister. »U>«ICAL ftUIIVCY OUTLINE «a -l- N U I • TA> «"— 4- '^ir*' S I'll ■ bnWI s ■m \ A M. inu.1 Id*,! r.o 'S *!f r fjon*. ; toAWl^4 lii«« — i or/ DETROIT -JC?^' 'i ^ r ff */»• c t A J R \ |MKiu W.; f«..J4A>^ Ebr • ..^iX-^^^i^^w?^ S^El^^ tKOMJ --^^'^-V-^ --i. [i \^.i -ttt^^ \ saw 1^ •w«rT' .♦^ A^ i a2W i^i.^Slt^S;.^^;!^'^*^^*-'***--" *% «2'^rf nad Loi^iiadft W««t SOUTHWEST Seal To atxmnpai^ Mmtsoit- In t'. K. Ismm/t^ i r M I N ^KLi.riftsfjr ,! o mi Lt (> u pnm.iiiA^H^. /. ./ f^ O .V A' A' . p'-' <7 x!r;^'-*V -^^•Jll {S^^« HIigiHUOK ' "'*'' • 5f*«« ^tl -J Ml. A KA^J.. ;k — t 4.1 %fe ■• ""'.ir-: ^ 1^ '^■^■A^<| MAPU8A. WESTERN ONTARIO Scalp oT Aden