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 21 
 
 FEW OBSERVATIOx\S 
 
 RELATIVE TO THE 
 
 DEFENCES AND DEFENDERS 
 
 OF 
 
 c^.^^.:^3r.^^.i2:)^ 
 
 >.o 
 
 ► 0«" 
 
 BRIGHTON: 
 
 PRLXTED AT THE " SENTINEL" OFFICJ: 
 
 1853. 
 
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 10 my leilow-suBjccts m Canada:— 
 
 Permit luc to dedicate to you^ as an liuiubb 
 mark of my respect and attaclunent. the accom- 
 panying observations relative to the defences and 
 defenders of Canada; a subject about which 3-0U 
 cannot feel wholly uninterested, altho' my sen- 
 timents may not altogether coincide with yours. 
 They have been written in haste, and they are, I 
 am too consciouSj very imperfectly written, but 
 it consoles me to reflect that they are sincere. 
 
 They in part relate to a period in the history 
 of this country, when we vied in arms with the 
 gallant army of the Peninsula, and although our 
 soldiers may not contend with the great names' 
 of that army, still we can pride ourselves upon 
 the reflection that the Canadian Army did its 
 duty. . 
 
 " ' . Hope. 
 
 Upper Canada, 8th April, 1853. 
 
» '< 
 
 \Mc\vhY% mid I^ofoncos of (anadi. 
 
 liumble 
 accom- 
 ces and 
 ich jou 
 ay sen- 
 , yours. 
 y are, I 
 en, but 
 ere. 
 
 history 
 ith the 
 igh our 
 names* 
 3 upon 
 lid its 
 
 [ope. 
 
 •*I cptf em It nofma!! »i1»'.inraire, .enltHer^, that Oiore U not one 
 auuiiiiryoii. ul \vh(>P(^ v.ilor I niysell fiav*' iu«t heen i\ i-j»eci;troi% si»ii>' 
 
 llANMliAI.. 
 
 Without pretending to point out tlic de- 
 voted conduco, and sufferings, of the people of 
 Canada during the war of 1812, 13 and 14, a pe- 
 riod so interesting and lionorable in -the history 
 of the country, I hope I shall be pardoned for 
 offerings few remarks connected t\]erowith, and 
 for adverting to our apparently neglected con* 
 dition for defence. sbouM % recurrence of hostili* 
 ties take place, which for the sake of Christianity, 
 and Humanity, it is fervently lo be hoped may 
 never happen; nevertheless iherc is reajion to 
 apprehend that such an event may fall out upon 
 the first chance, contrary to all our Iiopes of pence, 
 when we find that our neighbours ate setting up a 
 claim to what they call **a sort of prescriptive 
 righl'^ to our fisheries o« the one hand, and the 
 free navigation of the St. Lawrence on the other, 
 the latter being what they are pleased to term '• a 
 liiud of half-ciaim maintained by tiieir ablest 
 statesmen since the revolution." The idea of 
 making any allusion to the foregoing subjects. 
 is suggested by a feeling that, the lull of peace 
 which we have for such u length of time enjoyed. 
 will, ere long, be disturbed, because there are 
 
 'f 
 
 1 
 
 "v-ffr*^ ,./ 
 
many indicatlnna ofacanilnjf storm, u.kI every 
 iintion in Kurope U propariu^' for it. Now 1 
 .should like to know whether or not, under sacli 
 circuiustunces, wo are out of harm's wnyj I 
 M'ucerely believe, ari<I so do a great many othars. 
 that we are Dot. There are too many tempfa^ 
 lions ill the way, to expect tliat our neighbours 
 %vili keep their hands off ti«, for besides^'ihe im- 
 mense resources whielt cur country offers, its 
 geographieal position as a possession of GreaC 
 J>ritain, is lo them a source of greai uneasiness-, 
 placed as we nre upon their flanks and rear; and 
 the people of tbat country know full well that, 
 next to the powerful fleets of IJritain, what 
 they have most to dread in the event of a ru-ptu-re 
 about Cuba, or any other place is Canada and its 
 fierce and noble Indian Allies. Tliey also know 
 that the danger to be apprehended from Canadian 
 power, and valor, is becoming niore impending* 
 every year, for we are fast levelling up lo theuZ 
 and they are liow like some great monster wir.Ii 
 expanded jaws, impatiently waiting for his prey. 
 The first sound of the trumpet of War in Europe* 
 will be the signal for a hostile movement oa <^ub«! 
 Mr. President Pierce's inaugural speech is rather 
 indicative of it, nor can we conceal from o-urselves 
 that such threats as the following which bave 
 been held out lately by the Americans are n-ot 
 to be disregarded altogether, via; <-A hos-tile 
 ino^vement upon Cuba, bringing on a war with 
 England, would throw Canada into our bands n» 
 a matter of cours^-/'^-- In this coiitiugencyj we 
 
l(1iou!(? tliro^ sucli ti 'force acro.*s l!ie line tliat n(i 
 resist:incc coultl lie rfrcrod" — and, niraiu ; ** It 
 h to bo prosijiiicd tluit the Imperial Oovernmoiit 
 has hiilHcioiil kiiowled^irw of tijo strength ;n)(] re- 
 pourctis of llie United States, itiid the fociings of 
 tlie (Jcinjuliiins, to l)eu\Viiro tlutt tlic wliok? j»o\ver 
 of Kurope could not preserve tljo .authority of 
 llrt'at ]>ruaiu in Nortli Anierlcti, iii case of a 
 \var Ictwectrlhe countries" That's the insu!- 
 tin;* hngnngo used towards Canadu and deaf 
 jviitain, ly a people wlio piofess friend.^liip 
 when it suit.-s tijeir cnuivonienoo. and the only reply 
 t^hat Lravo and loval nuni cof/M make ut sue'U 
 rod'onionlade, and Insoleneo, might be eontaiued In 
 tlese ihrca \vor<l.s ; Co.mi-: on, tiiicn\ At Uk; 
 conitncncenient of the hist- war we had i\ groat 
 ileal ofsucii stud" addressed to us, ap.d on the 8t!» 
 t'uly l:jl2, G^Mieral Hull issued Ids tenifio Pro- 
 clamatioii of Kxrerniinatlon, one sentence of 
 which contaiii'jd the following V\'ords,**No white 
 mail fouud ilglitiiig by the >ide of an Iiulian. 
 will be takoii pri<oiier; instant, destruction will 
 be his lot." yet {jejiera! ]>rook advanced npor» 
 him with GOO lioliaos and :i suiail force of ll'eg- 
 ular Troops and Militia, and it .so turncri out that 
 n small force could take u large one, for oTi the 
 iOtli of August forty days atter tlie E:cterminator 
 was issued. Gen. IIulI,*Gen. Cass, <|en. Millar, 
 (ran. iVlcAnhur, and the wliole of the i?)vading 
 JU'iny. together with Fort Detroit and the Terri- 
 tory of Michigan were in possession of th.e ]3rit- 
 isu iorees. • But makiu? all Uuv* allowances f.r 
 
■BM 
 
 '™°"'^1tTTT"'*™'T'"''****™"™''TT^TrlTTnlt^nTB 
 
 l!io Fpli'lt ttf bragi^'ery in tljo AriioricaM, it woulil 
 not Ic wi.sii t(; Le ofToar ♦:u;ir<J, it luiglit ihcre- 
 i\iiQ not Ixj ainis.s to pay a iitdu closer jiitcntnMi 
 l»i «»ur il«;r<uicir.x, and to keo;> ;i slmrp look out for 
 coniin«.f evt'iiTs: .surely u litlL* nioro prfic;mtioa 
 can «Iu no lianii. iuhI would lo nUeudcM] with |(.','^3 
 •jx pens..' just now. ntid tlie work ho bolter doiu\ 
 fliaii when a I! ambitious and grocMly eiiciny IH 
 knockin:: at tlio iJoor ns if ho were muster. I 
 JvMow rigbt. well tlial our people are a bravo peo- 
 ple and aloval peoj)]c ; tbat at tiio present mo- 
 niont a sentiment of respect, and ultaebnjent for 
 British rule ami our So\'ereign, pervaib^s the whole 
 ot'the huge regions of J>iitish America (upwardvS 
 of four miilioiis of scjuare miles.) and that, therc- 
 t'ora tlieru h no caustj f >r anxi(.*ty on that score. 
 But unfortunately wa Iiavo amhitious restless 
 republicans for neighbours, wlio arc relentlessly 
 bent upon grasping at every thing round about 
 them. Towards Oantnhi they have repeatedly 
 acted Diost unscrupulously, seeking whenever 
 circumstances seemed to fnvor it. Jo distraci \h<i 
 country and .stir up its inliabitants to rebellion, 
 as \vas the case during the revolutionary war. 
 when tlicy vainly endeavoured to scduco the 
 Froncli (Canadians from their allegiance to the 
 Britisli Crown, and likew^Iso in the recent troubles 
 in Canada, when the good sense and stern loyaltv 
 of the people foiled them. They bavo rcVieat- 
 cdly tried to seize and subdue this countrv by 
 force, but the indonutable courage, and incor- . 
 ruptible fidelity of the 3Iilitia side by side witli 
 
 ' I 
 
,i 
 
 band at 
 
 op port II' 
 
 st. it is 
 
 .lilt, ainl 
 
 tlie gallant troops of Britain aTuT TreliViu!, nml iu 
 tho midst of great privations always made t[.si\\\ 
 ••Go uoMK AGAix; yet in a recent Anioricar. 
 news paper, called the "l^uffalo C'jm/jicrclaf- 
 Adcct'lhrk'J^ tlicy very cooly toll ns tiiat tlic^r 
 could have taken the country in 181-2. only tlieir 
 Government did not want any more Territory! 
 — EmphMticilly, the .li'rapes arc Hour. Judging: 
 however from the past conduct of our non-inter- 
 fering mode.^t neighbours, I think there can be 
 very little doubt in the minds o'' '' «e .vho know 
 llieiu well, but that they will t 
 the same reckless game again, « 
 nity offer; at all events, going 1\ 
 but reasonable that we should be . 
 as there is apparently a prospect close at hand 
 that Great ]]ritaiu will be compelled to a^ war 
 cither for her own defence, or in defence of her 
 friends j'.nd liberty, we of Canada, ouglit to look 
 out, and bring up the subject of the defence of 
 our.nreat frontier, for rellectioii iu time, so as to- 
 be betbrehand with any foe that might dare to 
 molest us. Now, as t am a man of peace. :i 
 reirular Cobdenite. I strongly advocate a few 
 more cruns, of heavy calibre, along our irontier. 
 for they are exceedingly fine peace-maicers, and 
 frcipiently prevent, when pro])erly j»laced, tlur 
 idtiisiou of a vast deal of human blood; they 
 jn'omote, much good neighbourhood, and might. 
 l)e tlie means of enab.ini;: us to transact our own 
 business, navi'j'ate our own winters, cultivate our 
 own soil, and catch our own fish, free from, the 
 
 » — -^-,-~«-r~ 
 
 ■ ' « - *- A - 
 
1 
 
 8 
 
 molestation or arroprance of any fore i<:^n country 
 
 •wli.'itever, aud this I would reconniKniil not nUn- 
 ♦.'ctlior on our own account, but nitlior on tlio 
 .score of liuniJinity towiirds our iiiofT'oiKslvv? frlei!<ls 
 on f!io otiior .side of the lino 45. There v.vv. 
 some, .still livin'.,%\v d helped to (Mowd Caunda 
 when the cueniy tlionglit to overwhelm it with 
 ^hclr nunibcrs. wiio witnessed the Inirnisin^^ 
 duties of our 3.1ilitui. ;is well a.s the dosohition 
 of tlie Xin^ii'ara and other portions of our tVoii- 
 tier, and wlu» have therefore a ri^-ht, I h.nnihly 
 eoiicoivc. to warn the present generation f»f the 
 jnliabitant.s of Canada, not to be too eoTiiidliuj^ 
 In llepublican humanity, or tlie honied wonls <if 
 after-dinner .speeches about our having *'cojnnioa 
 re.¥ouree,> and aihnitc!»:'* with themselves : as to 
 their reniindln:^ m- that we *-?:pcak the snmo 
 Janguiiio,'' it isall bahlerdaidi and only meant 
 to .hoodwink us, for we .'<f»olve the .^aine ian.ii-urr^uv 
 and had the .same eoinnu)]! resources and ahinites 
 in lSl:i just as much as now. yet tlioy declared 
 wara^i^-alnst us tlien. because Great j'h'itain wa>- 
 <!ngaged in a dreadful Tar in F.urope, and thcv 
 thou'-'ht we should be unable to resist them anil 
 .^rould fall an easy prey, so they issued a parcel 
 t'f scarecrow proclamations and set upon us with 
 all their inight; t!iey bnrnt the j)rerty a:id lios- 
 ]'itable little tov/n of Nia,?ara to tiie p'ound, 
 turning its defenceless inhabitants pitilcf^'dv into 
 the snow in the month of December, afurplun- 
 'lered and devasted the country about Long 
 Pointj behaving more like Urigauds thau -^u 
 
 hoTiora 
 
 their n 
 tlie pc 
 after n 
 
 Wl'S gl 
 COIvSCiJ 
 
 peaiai: 
 
 bam bo 
 
 let wh 
 
 bc*we( 
 
 establi 
 
 count! 
 
 to be ] 
 
 will u 
 
 necesi^ 
 
 lucan? 
 
 our 1^' 
 
 sudde 
 
 sion, ( 
 
 then I 
 
 other 
 
 to do 
 
 reniar 
 
 makei 
 
 Kowa 
 
 tjour 
 
 t<) ke 
 
 from ' 
 
 talent 
 
 Koya] 
 
 trolle 
 
 I beii 
 
 K ' :^^ -^ 
 
 7 - 
 
1 
 
 "WT .. 
 
 pouiilry 
 
 ot ;il to- 
 on tlio 
 frlcixls 
 I re v.vv. 
 u a unci a 
 it witli 
 
 ohitiiui 
 V tVon- 
 
 ltlUil)]\ 
 
 t»r tiuf 
 
 )r<ls i\i' 
 »jmtion 
 ; ns to 
 
 iuc;:nl: 
 
 Villi tes 
 
 [ thcv 
 
 [>arool 
 « with 
 
 y into 
 
 |)Iu!t- 
 
 n uit 
 
 9 
 
 lionoraWcfoc^all under tlie pretext ofvr.immnis; 
 
 their notioths of liLerty iLnvu our tliroat.s. But 
 tlie [ico])l(i W4're {.jtht'ii! tc tlioir nlle^n'Iaiice, and 
 lifter luucli service, iiiid hjir<l iiLilttiti^i^. the rt'sult 
 wi's glorious to CauacUi. Therefore I trust, la 
 coi j^eiiucnee of past exr^erieiiee* and |.rosont rj>- 
 ])eaiaiici.!S. that wc hfhall Tiot alh»\v uur-'sclves to bj 
 han)!.)OozIed, or cnjolod. into false s-cciirity; a? 1 
 let what may take ])lMce in the »shaj)c of treatir.'* 
 between (Irent JJrllain and the* United States, tj 
 establish the trade and other rehitlons of the two 
 coiintrie? upon a fair footing, it I., most devoutly 
 to be hoped that <he Cjinadian Administration 
 will tirge iipoti the Imperial Government. ta«i 
 necessity of using the most piompt, and energ£ti(5 
 means, of providing for the projM'.r defence of 
 our Frontier, for should an emergency again 
 suddcnlv arise to defend the Province from inva- 
 sion. (aad it will be most sudden) it will not 
 tlien be tlie time to sit down and entjulre of caeli 
 other what is best to bo done : now is the tiiiie 
 to do so, when all is calm, and, as I have beforcj 
 rcmarl^ed. preparation is an excellent pcace- 
 inr.ker. Our Commander of the Forces, Genen.l 
 Kowan. is a polished brave soldier, and entitled 
 tj our confidence and respect but he is constrained 
 to keep w^itliin the bounds of his instructions 
 from the AVar- Office ; and Colonel Dixon, tnc 
 talented OiTiccr who at present commands the 
 iuwal Engineers in (Canada, is of course con- 
 trolled by the i\Iae.ter General of the Ordnance : 
 I believe the Colonel is the sanic Officer, wi o 
 
 I 
 
 ? 
 
10 
 
 as Captain, coniinanilod the Euii'ineer Depart- 
 liicnt on the Detroit frontier in 1812 and 13. it' 
 »(), he is well acijuaintcd \Yith that part of the 
 Province : I think he must well renieniber thl 
 victorious shout.s of the British on the banks of 
 the Miami : I have not the sli.u'htest doubt but 
 that ho remembers the inside of that interesting 
 building, the Penitentiary of Fran^ford in Ken- 
 tucky, where lie passed some considerable time 
 as a close prisoner of War ; a particular friend 
 of mine, a young Grciiadier Officer, once carried 
 him olf on his shoulders when he was wounded. 
 ~-Aii:ain. with regard to the frontier defences, 
 the survivors of the last war very naturallv 
 observe with regret tiiat, die Niagara and Detroit 
 frontiers arc without a single proper defence ; 
 surely little Fort Mississagua is susceptible of 
 improvement, — and on Snake Ilill near Fort 
 Erie, a Martello Tov^cr or two, if not particularly 
 ornamental, might be very useful, and the same 
 may bo said with reference to Point Abino. Of 
 the old Fort Erie I believe there is very little 
 extant ; Ah ! there are some v»^ho sigh when they 
 I'ccal the enthusiastic feelings of the times wh.en 
 that place, and F'ort Niagara were stormed and 
 the latter takwn ; when poor Upper Canada was 
 only in its infancy and almost in a forlorn condi- 
 tion, — the gallant men v.'ho then defended this 
 ciiarming land, had little else but tke forest 
 overhead to> shelter them, cither in su?nmer or 
 winter^ for those were tontless and almost vil- 
 i:,i,gclcs3 days ; a Barn indeed, if one could onlj:; 
 
 J 
 
r Depart- 
 uul 13. it' 
 .rt of the 
 nnbor tlii 
 I banks of 
 doubt but 
 ;itcre>^tiiig 
 1 in Koii- 
 'ablc tiiMo 
 lar friend 
 to, carried 
 wounded. 
 
 defences, 
 naturally 
 id Detroit 
 • defence ; 
 ieptible of 
 lear Fort 
 trticularlv 
 
 the snme 
 bino. Of 
 rery little 
 when they 
 mes wh.eu 
 )rmed and 
 anada w^as 
 orn condi- 
 Bnded this 
 tke forest 
 iu?nnicr or 
 ilniost vil- 
 CGuld onljc 
 
 U 
 
 .^ctatU, was too often the summit of luxury ; 
 poor fellows there are too many of them gone t*. 
 their lono- homes, and it makes one tcci^sad av.d 
 deserted in this world, for between us tnere was 
 love and friendslnp.^they were my brother 
 soldiers, and mv friends. It Is pleasant^to pvaiso 
 the brave dead, and somehow or otaer, pa^^t 
 friendships seem the sweetest ; if I had niy own 
 ^vnv. there should be a monument in I i)per ^an- 
 ndi.and another in Lower Canada, to ;ihjn.y 
 the 'memory of those -allant spirits who .ell u^ 
 r.nellimrtho Invader: but tliero is notinng o.^ 
 the sort throuirhout the length and breadrh or 
 lirs -reat l>rovinee, unless it is the column up.-n 
 i^leenstou Heights, and that seeius nbout to^.ai. 
 down and crush the bones of the illustrious u.ad 
 beneath it. Even the very graves lu the conn.-ii^ 
 vird ot^ LuiulvV lane where rest the venmni^ o, 
 ninny uf the 'victors oi" that ])at(le. are i^egb.;- 
 ted. and there too rest the remains ot the <;niu;j- 
 vnas and hhrly gifted Colonel Hi.honp wuo .e.l 
 H.ortallv w^.undedat iUack Hock. 1 leel v.ry 
 «)-rv tlla^ I have neither :i to:i;:ue tr> utter, or ::- 
 \;Oi)'to describe all I could desire upon th:s 
 natter, yet I do hope that some <:ne who has ih<^. 
 abiiitv to do so. may be iuliueuced to take it up, 
 and endeavour to presuade the C(»untry oi t:ie 
 ..ronrielv. and virtue, of honoring to toe utniw^t, 
 Iho memories of tJc.se who fel^ in its deience, 
 and that the result may be some public to:^t.- 
 monialraised aloft upon Lundy's Hill or some 
 other celebrated battle ground : all lean uj us 
 
 i 
 
 
 II, i» "-' 
 
J 1 
 
 12 
 
 tu rocjllcet and lament tlicni. 
 
 I ]j;ivc, I fear, in sonic ijoasurc wandci'cd from 
 llio object [ liad in view, a ti-anHiiression which I 
 li<»])0 will bo excused. I am |icrsuadcd tliat if 
 we want to bo at peace with the United States, 
 it. is rotiuisite most strongly to f^irtifv our frontier 
 without delny, and to be prepiired at nil ])Oints 
 i'or a, most etficiont or<:'aiiization. if we do not, I 
 Viniture to predict, witiiout the giCt of pro]diccj, 
 that it will be imposrsible to reninln long in amity 
 with them, and that they wilL upon the first op- 
 portunity, cmleavor to tak<? us by surprise. At 
 <»)aebec w^e are safe, but from that 1 ortres.s west- 
 ward, there is scarcely anything descrying the 
 Jiamo of a fortilication. The lledoubt on Point 
 Henry, at Kingston, is certainly something worth 
 looking at. but cyen there tlu) stone-work is very 
 iuditferently illled in. at least I have reason to be- 
 lieye so. The Western and Nortli-yrestcrn fron- 
 tiers are utterly cx])Osed, and thero are nniny 
 considerations wdiy tha.t ought not to be the case. 
 nnu:)ng otlun's is th.e nro] i-iety of maintaining 
 Hur C(nnmunic;iLio:i with tlic \\ estcrn trioes oi 
 Indians, v;hose assistance v;as found to be most 
 important in the defence of Upper 0;inada in 
 the war of 1812 ; in fact our possession of tho 
 country is very much duo to them, for which 
 they merit deep honor and gratitude at our 
 liands; they and our resident Indians did real 
 good service during the war, they are formidable 
 light troops and flankers, they are faithful allies 
 when treated with kindness and justice ; they 
 
1 •-» 
 
 '0(1 from 
 
 wliiL-li I 
 
 tliat if 
 
 States, 
 
 frontier 
 
 U points 
 
 i) not. i 
 
 ro]»liccy, 
 
 in aniitv 
 
 first 0|)- 
 
 iso. At 
 
 p.ss west- 
 
 vinix tlie 
 
 311 Point 
 
 i)<x worth 
 
 k is very 
 
 ;on to Lc- 
 
 crn fron* 
 
 ro many 
 
 the case. 
 
 ntaininir 
 
 tr'ujos of 
 
 bo most 
 
 ;!nada in 
 
 n of tlio 
 
 )r wliicli 
 
 } at our 
 
 did real 
 
 rnudal)l(j 
 
 ful allies 
 
 :c ; they 
 
 arc atta^diod to us. and thoy would join ns again, 
 itudit is not improbable that we may a-ain want 
 another Mi^tos, a Tecumscth, or a I^rant. l^ovt 
 \mherstbur- is a frivolous aiVair.-llanulton. 
 that importiuit position, is unprotected, and .1..- 
 vnrAo. as of old. is completely exposed whei-eas 
 some dek'uces should be on Gibralter^Pomt. anu 
 t!iere is a very elliriblc and strong position, about 
 a mik. or so to tlio' Westward of where the (rren- 
 adiers of the 8th ilegiment and t.ieir gallant 
 (hiptaln McNeil, were cut up, and the brave Mr. 
 McLean. Clerk of the House of Assembly, ^va^ 
 killed, it is a position from which the Harbour 
 could be defended : the defences of Kingston aro 
 incomplete, Prescott and the Coteau du Lnc nro 
 not what they ouuht to bo, Montreal is Ictt <iUito 
 exposed, although it is there, in all probability, 
 whcra the heaviest blow would bo struck, v\ or- 
 der to cut off the west from Quebec ; the positions 
 .>f thci Islo uujc Noix.and Cluuubly, luignt delay 
 but would not prevent an enemy trom advancing' 
 ui.ou and seizing Montreal, and yet that city is 
 susceptiir.o of a most powerful defence, i the 
 niouutaiu and 8t Ileleirs IsUuul were wcil for- 
 tilled. I heard some ycarc ago from most uii- 
 (loabted authority, that it was the intention «t 
 the ll.uuo Government to fortify (iuocnstou 
 Hoio-hts, and the Short Hills, in the Niagara 
 District, HamiltoTi in tlic Goro District, J>ois 
 Blanc Island opposite Amhcrstburg. and that 
 the eouteiuplaied chain of llcdoubts around 
 Ivusstou was to be completed, besides minor 
 
 i 
 
 li^^riirnn^^/: 
 
5 
 
 
 H 
 
 defences in otlior sections of Uppci' Canada, such 
 as the mouth of tho Ouso, tlio llondcau, the ht. 
 Chilr near Savnhi, Penetan^ruishme, and also 
 (niathani as the centre of operations for the west. 
 If I may with propriety, and without oilence to 
 tlieOi-dmincc Departnient, venture to say so, I 
 shouUl very much like to know what lias beconio 
 of all those good intentions, as well as ol certain 
 r(M]uisltions which were forwarded by Sirlrcorge 
 Vrthnr, in 1830 or 1840, to the Commanuer ot 
 rlie Forces and the Secretary at War. for Arms 
 and Equipments fullv complete for 10 O^^-O Mili- 
 tia Infantry of Upper Canada, I.OOO Cavalry, 
 :nid 300 Artillery? If they are in tho country at 
 :i.ll, well and good so far, but it is doubted ; 
 be that as it may. it would be but a smad supply, 
 there oui!;ht to be thrice that (piiintUy tor Cpper 
 (^;.nada alone, and the same ouantity Tor Lower 
 Canada, a portion of which should be ke].t iit 
 every fortiiled place ready lor distribution when 
 they are wanted, which would be better than 
 kee^)lng tliem exclusively at Quebec ana Iving- 
 ston. and they would be equally safe anu well 
 taken care of at all times. Among the debuiccs 
 ,)f Canada. I hope we sluill soon be able to redvoii 
 the Grand Trunk llailwny from Halifax to Quo- 
 bee, which is about to be undertaken, as it as- 
 Kurcdly will be a highly important mtlitary work, 
 iilthoulrh I have no doubt but that the commerce 
 ut the British Provinces was the mainspring C)f 
 the undertaking. It will strengthen and facili- 
 tato the defence of CanuJa morcm all Drobabil- 
 
 
ida.snch 
 , the 8t. 
 iiid alsu 
 the west, 
 {lence to 
 say so. I 
 ^ become 
 )f certain 
 r (Icerge 
 anJer of 
 or Arms 
 
 Cavalry, 
 oiintrv at 
 
 *J 
 
 doubted : 
 U .s apply. 
 :'or Upper 
 'or Lower 
 e ko])t iit 
 ilu!i when 
 Iter tltau 
 nd Kiii<i'- 
 luul well 
 do foil CCS 
 > to reelvou 
 IX to Q'iO- 
 as it as- 
 tary work, 
 commcvco 
 iiiST)ring of 
 and faeili- 
 il r^rol.aldl" 
 
 
 15 
 
 itv than any other measure that can be binder- 
 taken, and in that view, if in none other, the au- 
 ministration is entitled to great honor for urging 
 it forward. But there is another work that ought 
 to have been undertaken, and completed many 
 years ago, and it is truly incomprehensible why 
 it has been neglected. It appears to :ne that 
 there is nosinL^le work of equal weight, as r^'garus 
 the interests of trade on Lake Ontano. and per- 
 haps, eventually the defence of Lppev Canada. 
 ^vhich could be engaged in at the present moment.^ 
 I allude to u conununicanon between i resqu' 
 Isle lIavbour,una ihe Bay of Qainte, by inean^ 
 ofaShip Canal. Such ii work was strongly re- 
 commended to the attention of the people ot Cp- 
 per Canada by that skillful and far-seeing oliieer, 
 the late General Simcoe, during? the period ot his 
 administration about sixty years ago It woujcj 
 r.ot only be a great uuxilliary to trade,but it wouKl 
 likewise powerfully facilitate, and cheapen lUe 
 defence of the country, and be the means, m all 
 probubility, of abridging hostilities by rendering 
 more certain, and secure, our operations. In 
 stormy weather, especially in the spring and fa.l 
 of the year, all the vessels navigating Lake i>ii- 
 tario GO the British side, would pv-fer going by 
 the way of the Bay of Qainte, as it would be the 
 most safe route, and Presqu^ Isle Harbor would 
 be " riirht on the line if marcW' which would be 
 no triflir.g consideration, as it is decidedly the 
 noblest harbor either on Lake Ontano or Lake 
 Eric, and perfectly easy of access to any ei^pcnens- 
 
iWi 
 
 ■H 
 
 ^ 
 
 % 
 
 C(l and prutlent navigfitor. The CannI in qnc9» 
 lion would, in tune of war, eirabU* Troops jithI 
 Stores to piiss to and fro between Kingston und 
 Toronto, witiiout delay arid in porf'-cl ^^ecirity. 
 when it might be impracticable, owing t'lclier to 
 storms or un enemy's having temporary command 
 of the Like^ to .^ail aronnd the *s(»ut!i point of 
 Prince Edward District. The ILirbor, usi have 
 jilready stated, is quite easy of access, and it !^ 
 moreover, perfectly defensible against the en- 
 tratice of any vessel or fleet whatever. The en- 
 iranec to the harbor is indicated by a large light 
 liouse on Presqu' Isle Point, and two small ]>ea. 
 (ton Lights, the latter so placed that by keeping 
 them in a lino there is no sort of difficulty iu en- 
 terinfif, aithou^^rh stransrers dovSonjetimes go astray 
 nnd therefore get aground, by keeping too much 
 to the south-west, and taking vrhat is called the 
 fiiiddlc f^roujid^ instead of keeping well down fa 
 the cast towards the mainbuid of Brighton Town- 
 ship, where, by the hso, it would be very desira- 
 ble to have another lieacoti Light, and vessels 
 could go within about thirty rods of it ; from 
 thence the channel, which is a mile and a half iti 
 length, is completely straight, varying from forty 
 to eighty rods in width, and with a depth of 
 never less than twelve feet, notwithstanding all 
 the foolish talk to the contrary ! furtherujore. the 
 channel is marked with Huoys ; it is never inconi* 
 inoded with satid, ?ind ir is worthy of remark that 
 notwithstanding the main body of the liarbor i.«< 
 firmly frozen over every winter to the depth of 
 
 world 
 The 
 
IT 
 
 in qtics* 
 ps uthI 
 
 tOtl UTl(i 
 
 ecu -it V. 
 cher Uf 
 mmand 
 point of 
 s I I) live 
 (i it !^ 
 the en- 
 riie en- 
 ZQ li'i'lit 
 all ]>ea- 
 keeping 
 
 V ill £!»• 
 
 a astray 
 
 Hea the 
 flow II to 
 ; Town- 
 
 desira- 
 vessels 
 t : fro!ii 
 \ half iu 
 mi forty 
 onth of 
 ling all 
 lore, the 
 r in com* 
 ark tliMt 
 arbor i» 
 iepth of 
 
 onoor two feet, the moiiili i.s :ihv:iv5 ^^^^(tw^ uii'l 
 n.s the channel never fi'eeze:^, any luuuber nl" 
 .scliooners or steauiers tliat niigut he reiiuirojl f »:* 
 wiuternavi'^ation, would always be .«nre to llnd a 
 phice of safety inside Salt Toiut. The harbour 
 IS formed by the Peninsula of rrer-rpV Isle whicii 
 clasps it on the south and west sides, and by the 
 mainland of the Townships of ]3riiriiton. and .Mur. 
 vav. on the north and east. T'nere is a short 
 j^ravelly point called ^<\\i Toint, running direct- 
 iv from the PrGsqu' l.^>le Point for about forty 
 rods, in a northerly direction, to the very ediro^of 
 the channel where tlie water is very deep: jhis 
 Point not only comniaiuls the ch.annol but also a 
 •rreat portion* of the harbor its(;lf. and every yes- 
 !-el in entering must pass v.'ithin forry rods of if. 
 The harbor is very capacious, not le*s than twelve 
 naiies in circumference, il' not more, with an abun- 
 nbuit de])th of water for any vessel navigating the 
 the lakes, without any obstruction whatever, ex- 
 oc'pt one small shoal, called." Calf-pasture .shoaf 
 which is easily avoided. There is excellent ntic-hor- 
 age in the channel, in facb none better ia t!ie 
 WH)rld, and the channel never fills up or narrows. 
 The proposed Canal would not cost much \\\ its 
 censtfuction, as it woukl not require any Lock, 
 and the length would be only j'lst about live 
 miles, and besides bcivig the means of rendering 
 more secure the Lake navigation, it would open 
 >ip to the Towns and Villages along the very 
 oKtensive and picturesque Bay of Quinte. a direct, 
 .water communication to the M^est, without being 
 
 I 
 
 II! 
 
it 
 
 l(!i«tfiiU!il(Mt i'.'i 
 
 ?!? 
 
 18 
 
 i?i>in;pc!IeJ, as at pre^e-nt, to malco in tlic first 
 iustaiice ti very coiisiJcrublo rotrograJo inoveiiieuS 
 to the J'liist : ill the event of ^y^u^ it would, in ad- 
 ditioii to innumerable other advantai^es, enable 
 the co-oporariuii of Flotillas of Gun boats, and 
 otlier craft, for tlio dcfiM"jcc of tlie iShores of the 
 ]»ay and rresnu' Isle Harbor, and their respec- 
 tive vicinities^ tdthcr towards yubourg and Port 
 Hope on the V\^estj Wellington to the Soutii east,. 
 <tr Picton, Bath mui Kingston eastward: nnd 
 from the ccnTricnl position of Presqu' Isle Har- 
 bor between Kingston and the head of the Lake, 
 the contemplated canal would cause it to become 
 u powerful ilnl: in the Naval or Military opera- 
 tions of the eouiitry should an exigency urise^ 
 be^^ides being a giejit saving of money for trans- 
 port. J)arlng the last War, nunjerous brigades' 
 uf boats with detachments of troops, and muniti- 
 ons of war. Iiad to pass by the route of the Bay 
 of l^Hiliite and for want oi' a canal were obliged 
 to be hauled across* the Isthmus of Murray at an 
 enormous eost, altln/ the Isthmus is only a mile' 
 an<l a <]uavtcr broad ut the Carrying-placo, four 
 pounds havii'.g to be paid for every boat and a 
 dollar for every wagon load, besides the cost oin 
 great many old, or worn out horses and cattle, 
 that were eonvenicntly put into teams employed 
 there, either to bo killed, or injured, in tiie ser- 
 vice of the Government, and so to be paid for cut 
 of the I\Iilitary Cliest. But the expense wa>* not 
 the worst part of the business, there was the delay, 
 which} under ordinary cirauiustaoces, might Uc 
 
 ttended 
 fhen it i 
 rere vast 
 oxides h 
 ive part; 
 iideed, a 
 lot that I 
 ixed in 
 lonntrv, 
 md snbi 
 irevailed 
 ted ino: 
 i'ail. It 
 he imp< 
 ijuinte ^^ 
 it her d( 
 ilelayed, 
 prevent 
 iiuuiner. 
 i'incial ( 
 plish w 
 the Imp 
 lonor an 
 lis it wo 
 ests of t 
 u pordu' 
 There 
 innid. t 
 ijuentlv 
 ]]ritish 
 there b( 
 fullest ( 
 
 ^1.. 
 
tlic fir st- 
 ove III en 5^ 
 li, in ad- 
 » eiJiibU) 
 ats, and 
 
 of the 
 
 respec- 
 id Port 
 itlj cast,, 
 rd : nnd 
 <\ci liar* 
 le Lake. 
 
 become 
 y operu- 
 iy arise, 
 )r trans- 
 l)rigadcS' 
 
 muniti- 
 the Bav 
 1 obliged 
 ay lit an 
 y a luilu 
 ico, four 
 It and a 
 cost of il 
 d cattle, 
 tnpiijycd 
 
 the ser- 
 i for cut 
 
 wa.sknot 
 le delay, 
 light Ue 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 ttcndcd \Ylih lulseiricvou.^ conscMii;cn('C5i, vet 
 fheij it is taken into aeount that tho Inva.lor.i 
 ero vastly superior in iiuuibers? and very subtli% 
 elides having the advantage of being thenggres- 
 ive partv. any dehiy was a very serious matter 
 deed, and it miglit hav(? proved fatal, were it 
 jt that the sentiment of h)yalty was i mmoveably 
 ixed in the breast of the valiant defenders of the 
 lountrv, whicli impelle-l them to «]uit their liomes 
 md submit to tniiitary diseipline, and so they 
 irevailed just as all such nobledicarted and spir- 
 ted men*' ought to prevail, and ever will pre- 
 ail. It is tluu-efore sincerely to be hoped tlui». 
 he important work of connecting the Uay of 
 ^uinte with Tresqu' Isle Harbour, in aid of the 
 ither defences of Canada, will no longer bo 
 jjelayed, and that no fueling of parsimony shall 
 prevent it.s speedy completion in iho mosr, ample 
 manner. It is a work of defence which ^the Pro- 
 I'incial Government can undertake, and i^ocom- 
 plish witliout any reference, or aid, to or from 
 the Imperial Government; it would reflect great 
 onor and at the same tinu; be very prolitable. and 
 lis it would be alike applicable to the best inter- 
 ests of the country in Peace or War, it would bo 
 a pfM-durable disgrace not to accomsplish it. 
 
 Vhere can be no doubt in any reasonable manVs 
 lid, tliat the professions of attnchment so fro- 
 »}uently made by the people of Canada to the 
 ]>ritish Crown, are perfectly sincere ; neither can 
 there be a doubt that they would prove it to the 
 fullest extcut in the defence of the Province if 
 
 mm 
 
f-l 
 
 20 
 
 ilitary I 
 
 whicl 
 i;er con 
 
 If tlio 
 
 tioods bo, find tliat nearly all of our lit do 1:ti 
 
 «»t' rash iiinicxatioiiists woir^U'i nor, ho found amon 
 
 the low who would •' hang firo," it i,> a caliiii-n 
 
 10 thiulv' ntluu'wi.^e. indeed nnmy of theui, that 
 
 •know ii;:ht w'ell, would pull a trifrgor to-niorro 
 
 as readily .-is any man in (U;fenoe of the eountr 
 
 if it was a.s>ailed 1 am also eunviuet'd tfiat nio^il'- timi 
 
 01 the Anu'rieaiis from the States, who have so el^-''^^ ^^ 
 
 Tied auioiiii: us and become jlritish suhioers. woui :ist nnisf 
 
 stand true to us, and would not ilineii froiu tlif sin<l i 
 
 defence nf tlie ooutitry nud its institution;^', if thol 20 \>iU 
 
 wore culled ujtou to arm, hecMUse 1 know nnui 
 
 «'f fiiat class who clit^eifullv sharotl our danirer 
 
 ill the h'L>t r.'ar. ami did "jood .<erviee. Our md,'::!! 
 
 l»ors iiave. on several oceasions of late, threatene 
 
 to pour into this proviiico in cjse of a ruptu'-c 
 
 vast nnmhers cfthe millions vv'liich border it, an 
 
 )ey shoi 
 )Uie pal 
 1 more 
 lieir ow' 
 
 have 
 )' iuipr* 
 
 an<rer 
 
 sweep every tiiini:' lefojo the^n ; tliey are con 
 .stantiy dinoin;; it into onr eais. jiud .<e<'m par^ith, or 
 ticuiafly anxious t) impross iij.on ilie mimls <j re,'' an 
 our j)eople. that it wouM be nMerly usele.vs to ro')i'bid tl 
 shst ihem ; — that's tlieir .ii-ame at* p^.-est nt, its ;■ belieV' 
 Sort of .secoiu! edition (d' Kuiri* proelamaiion,— i^tl mci 
 ihey arc trying to frighten ui. but, I don't thinlrt is q 
 * tiicv will succeL'd.hecauseli. is mv steail v belief tliattoth rit 
 II IS not lu their powe • to do ^<». Of one tliin<i!St, won 
 ive may rest assured. 1 that is, that gi-cat mas- hat, in 
 ^es of undisciplined me niore ospi^eially whenid popi 
 lead on by elective oili(Jcrs. never did aiid never ands t 
 will constitute strength ; audi mobs, for one can-^rotectj 
 not call then) Armies, are totally unfit for suc-io"'^^ ^' 
 ecb'^ful invasion, narticidarlv ' auruiiist a (hjlon vbf ^^^V * 
 
 ■- C r T^r 
 
if.-.".' 
 
 • 111 do 1:ti 
 )\i\n\ innoii 
 ^ u caliiiiii 
 Iicin, that 
 : t(.)-iiio!'i'(. 
 the count r 
 
 21 
 
 to f;:u>i..la, wl.ove lliovo is sueh a IImc s-irctul oJ " 
 ilitary Icuowlo.lge aiul n.ilUiiry foelu>-H ■m\M 
 , wh'iel.. iiM'l almost ,,ro-o<mnont abovo ail 
 lev c..nsi,l.:i-ations. tlmru is a..ioii<;st our iniliti.t 
 ;,„orilitvofobo>iionfe. and tlmt is strcngtl: 
 If tl.o (iovun.DKMit witli wlioiii It. roiis. \vi 1 l)Ut 
 
 Th;;:;'::;;: ;;;„.;■ r~.-"-;'v>»*,''r.nrLi: 
 
 10 liuvo se 
 jocts. woui 
 
 11 tVoMl til 
 
 i(3iip. it' tlio 
 enow mail 
 ur (la 11 ire I 
 
 Our Wi'A^l 
 , throtitoiiei 
 
 II niptii'c 
 
 civnd tliemsolvcs io tho l.esfcadvautagc all tl.OM, 
 ;,st mas-cs nitl. vvlncli wo liavo been so boasting- 
 ! an.l insultingly tbreatc.iod. would i<oon have- 
 , <ro back aiiaiu in baste ; ud eoutusion, even >t 
 :,e'^ sbould bave tbc niisfortuue to pouotrate into 
 J. parts of Canada ; and tluj uugbt liud ou 
 , ,noro ways tbau one, wbon .1 was lo.) late tbat 
 beir own onuntry is not invnlnerble 1 erbaps. 
 , n.f,t,r. bave been ratber t-,« prolix but I am deep - 
 r ie , I impressed witb tie conv.ctuM. bat ibcn-^ . 
 
 „„ Jr at band wbich ouilbt not to bo tniled 
 '•^e;:;;M^^K/ai.'i-aed;'^aburnt^obMd,...lsto 
 
 , • 1 ro'' -ind h!iviu<^ seen one war lu taiuida. iioi 
 'j::t ;: ;id .bat "e sbomd over SCO anotber, altbougu 
 :' n t , believe w. nugbt confidc.ly bopc tbat a k.nd 
 t;,.io J nd merciful Providence would again favor u. 
 d ; - iul t is quite certain tbat the people of Canada 
 b 1 e ioth ri'cb and poor, froni tho highest to the low- 
 ^ : St. would n.ust'er to shield it from danger, and 
 
 . e .^U ^hat, in addition to ou-r other resources, the co.our- 
 :i?!; wh U jopulation would rusb ta the tronfcr .n tbou- 
 , : ands to protect the land and the rule wh, h 
 
 ' „e Irotocts tbcn>, still a sense of l.uman,ty and - 
 
 it I'or f-uc- 
 
 ional honor, 'alike forbid that tho Government 
 ,f any country should allow its attenticB. to bo so 
 
\ 
 
 01 
 
 t'Tigaged at. out railrnnds or any ntlicr matters, 
 !o ('xchulc the iicccssary prc.'cautionai y incisur 
 r.qjiinst invasion or ins'ult.duvasfation and plundt 
 Jiiid tlioro would be an awful ro.sj^onsibility f 
 any additional blood spiit t!i{-ou,i,'b siicli ne<'loot 
 tb^LM-G may yet be Ifrtimc, liowover, to avoid tli: 
 Hock even thougii ti'o coining tenjpest mi"i 
 reach us. . ° 
 
 I don't think I am a croaker, but I c 
 think that it is soinetinios better to fear a li 
 lie too soon, tlian a little too lato. Ho far as 
 urn individually concorned, perhaps ] need n 
 care what muy come, for I have noihinir to los 
 except my life, and that is not worth imi'ch, albe 
 my body might yet stop a bullet from a bettc 
 liiaU; that's all, — for 
 
 My face isslirunk, my ha'r is gray, 
 
 Oi' l.PuiUy Pni bcrcit ; 
 I f'("-! I SOUP. iiiii<t pass aw.ny, 
 . but still sDiiie biood is left. 
 
 f'L 
 
 .1. 
 
 >\liliongli I'm poor, and sadly 
 
 1 never was a Traitor ; 
 To serve my Queen, J n^-'er refused, 
 
 Like some I know, v;lio hate her. 
 
 But all can (Iv, to IIfm on liiqh, 
 
 Wlieu wealth and weal are taken ; 
 
 The darkest liour. that e'er did hnver, 
 The FuiKN'D above can brighten. 
 
 IIOPE, 
 
rv nio.'isur 
 iikI plumJe 
 isibiHty f 
 K-'h ne^'loot 
 avoid til; 
 ipest nii«;i 
 
 '. but I c 
 to fear a li 
 So fur as 
 I need IK 
 iini' to los 
 iiiucli, albe 
 iiii a betto 
 
 xl, 
 
 Icen ; 
 iwcr, 
 
 11. 
 
 II OPE,