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 SYNOPSIS OF THE FISHES OF THE GULF OP S 
 LAWRENCE AND BAY OF FlTNDr. 
 
 Bj Prof, Thsodorb Gill, M.A. 
 
 r. "» 
 
 ■^'■<"» Canadtdn Naturalist for Angust, 1865. 
 The interest that has for some time been manifested in the 
 fishes and fisheries of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Bay of 
 Fundy, and the absence of facilities for the ready identification of 
 some of the species, appear to render desirable^he publication 
 in a brief and connected form, of the views respecting the'nomen-' 
 clature and affinities of the species, resulting from our present 
 knowledge of the class. This is the more desirable, as some of the 
 observations hitherto made— oh account of the difficulty ex- 
 perienced in' identifying the spcoies-have not that full value to 
 which the conscientious care with which they have been made 
 ^ should entitle them. The present enumeration is based on the 
 • observations of Messrs Richardson, H. R. Storer, Dawson, Jones 
 Mey, Fortin, and Bell, verified in most cases by an examination 
 of specimens either from the district referred to, or from closely 
 contiguous portions of the game faunal region. 
 
 In the enumeration of the species, I hive essentially followed 
 
 the order adopted in the ' Catalogue of the Fishes of the Eastern 
 
 Coast of North America,' modified fiowever in 80...e important 
 
 respects by subsequent studies. Still further departures should 
 
 be made,-but I defer such changes till the publication of a more 
 
 extensive woric on which. I am now engaged. The analytical 
 
 tables, artificial as such are, will, it is hoped, prove useful in, 
 
 assisting in the progressive identification of unknown forms as 
 
 well as in conveying information concerning, the technical' or 
 
 natural characters of the groups, and in many cases their relations 
 
 to each other. How difficult the compilation of such tables is 
 
 can be readily appreciated by experienced ichthyologists who will 
 
 examine any of those hitherto published. I may not therefore 
 
 poBSiblyhopeTBat the present attempt should be exempt from 
 
 aany defects: only the more obvious superficial characters of 
 
"h. 
 
 families peculiar to the types here noticed, but not to all belonging 
 to them, have in several casba been employed. In cosclusiov. it 
 need only be stated that the nomenclature here adopted is in every 
 case in mdst strict conformity with the rules proposed by the Brit- 
 ish Association, founded on the teachings of $he great Swedish r^ 
 former, and subsequently endorsed by the American Association .1^ 
 We may regret that rules so truly founded qn good sense should! 
 have been 80 frequently infringed in previous enumerations of our\ 
 fidies, and that the consequent innovations should have been ad- 
 mitted unchallenged by so many responsible naturalists. Many of 
 thel^e corrections, ,80 long deferred, have only been very recently 
 made, and such are adopted in the following enumeration. It is 
 to be hoped, as it is believed, that the time has passed when ob- 
 vious infractions of wholesome rules of nomenclature should not 
 only l^e committed with impunity, but even sustained by others. 
 
 Th6se species which ha've not been found in the gulf or bay, 
 but in closely contiguous vJaters, or at places beyond both extrem- 
 ities of the area indicated, are^ pointed out by an asterisk (*) 
 placed before the name : when the name or specific rank is 
 doubtful, an asterisk is generally placed after it;- 
 
 Sub-classes of Fishes. 
 
 I. Branchiae free at their distal margins. 
 
 A. Optic. nerves decussating. Arterial bulb normally with 
 "^ • two opposite valves at its origin. (Skeleton more or less 
 
 completely ossified. ) Teleostei. 
 
 B. Optic nerves not decussating. Arterial bulb with several 
 [. rows of valves. (Skeleton variable.) Ganoidei. 
 
 II. BranchiaB attached. (Skeleton always cartilaginous.) 
 
 A. Optic nerves not decussating. Arterial bulb with several 
 rows of valves. Ventral fins always present, abdominal, 
 provided in the males with peculiar sexual appendages. 
 Copula gaudent. Elasmobranchia. 
 
 B. Optic nerves decussating. Heart without muscular tunic, 
 but with two opposita valves. Verktral fins entirely absent. 
 (Body serpentiform, without pectorals or ventrals.) 
 
 Marsipobranchia. 
 
 • In order not to be misunderstood, I may state that, like most others, 
 I have not hitherto followed § 2 of the British rules limiting priority to 
 the twelfth edition of the Syitema Natura ; but at the same time I believe 
 that if the tenth edition were substituted for the twelfth, adherence to*^ 
 tbat Tuie might not bo unadrisBble. No cause for the fiiTraction of the ~ 
 rule occurs in the present article. 
 
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 6 
 
 TELEOSTEI, 
 
 Order Tileocephali. 
 
 Sub-order AoANTHOPTERyoii. 
 
 PBRCID^ Gill. 
 
 PlEClNiB (Bon.) Gill. 
 
 Anal fin with t^MBpines. Vertebr» in increased numbers 
 (10 + x I 14+^). ^ 
 
 * • Genua Perca Linn. 
 
 Teeth villiform. Dorsal fins distinct. D. xiii-xv i-ii 
 13 - 14. A. ii. 6-9. 
 
 Perca Jl<ivescens MiUih. Yellow perch; P^rch. (Perley ) 
 Perca fla^escens, Scorer, Mem. Am. Ac. v, 62, pi. ii, fig. i. 
 
 LABRACIN.B Gill. 
 
 be:^ '^T^t'lt^^ ^''"''"' "^"^""^ "^ "^™^' '^""^- 
 
 The genera i&ccu, and Morone differ evln more decidedly in 
 anatomical than external characters. 
 
 Genus Jioccus Gill ex Mitih. 
 
 Tongue with eeth at middle. Dorsal 5ns almost distinct. 
 -L'. IX. 1. ij - 14. A. in. 10 - 13, 
 
 Poccus Kneatm QUI Striped baas. (Pejley ) 
 
 Labrax lineatus, (0.), Storer, Mem. Am. aL y, 64, pi. i, fig. 4. 
 Genua Morone Gill ex Mit<h. 
 
 Tongue with no teeth in middle. Dorsal fins connected at base, 
 x/. IX. 1. 1.5-14. A. 111. 7-11. 
 
 . Morone Americana Gill White perch. (Perley ) 
 Labrax rufus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. y, 67, pi. i, fig. "1. 
 CENTRARCHID^ Gill. 
 Lepomin.^ Gill. 
 
 oth!f ^"""^ °^ '^'"''^ ""'^ """^ '^"' ''^"'^ '"'^ ^PP^«^*« ^ '"^^ 
 Genus Pomotis (Raf.) Gill. 
 
 »V^" ^ ^^;!^' .'^- '"• ^^"^^' ^'^^•Tngeal bones closely contiguous, 
 with paved teeth. . •' ° """' 
 
 Pomo<M awrcM, Gill ex Walb. Sun-fish. (Perley) 
 
 Pomotis vulgaris, Storer, Mem.Am. Ac. v, 60, pi. iii, fig. 1. 
 
 ii »>f III I. - v »>. ." ''v^ . ' ; 't>^' . 
 
»w4.ftr7«ifc.v . . ^s«ar 
 
 mbers 
 
 »-u. 
 
 aum- 
 
 ly in 
 
 mot. 
 
 1. 
 
 ase. 
 
 wh 
 
 as, 
 
 LABRIDit; (Cut.) Blib. 
 iiABRiNiB (Bon.) Othr, 
 D. xiii - xiii + z. Teeth conical. Lateral line continuous, 
 toot abruptly decurved behind. 
 
 Genus Taufoga (Mitch.) Gthr. 
 
 Opercles naked. Teeth in two rows. D. xvii. - 10. A. iii. 
 .7-8. 
 
 Tauto^a onitit Gthr. ex Linn. Black-fisb. (Perley.) ^ 
 Tautoga Americana, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. t, 276, pi. xx, fig. 2. 
 
 > Genus Tautogelabriis Gthr. 
 
 Opercles (including interopercle) scaly. Teeth in a band. D. 
 xvii -xix. 9-11. A. iii, 8-9. 
 
 Tautogolahrus aiUperms Gill ex Walb. Gunner. (Perley.) 
 d^ Ctenolabrus coeruleus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. t, 274, pi. xi, fig. V> 
 
 SCIAENID.E (Cut.) Qthb. 
 OTOLITHINiE Gill. 
 
 Body fusiform. Lower jaw projecting. Vertebrae about 14 + 10. 
 Genus Cynoicion Gill. 
 
 Cynoscion regalis Gill ot Schn. Weak-fish. 
 
 Otolilhu9 regalis, Storet', Mem. Am. Ac. v, 122, pi. ix, fig. 1. 
 
 POMA°TqMlD^ Gill. 
 
 PoMATOMIN^ Gill. 
 
 Teeth compressed. Anal fin moderate. 
 
 Genus Pomatomus Lacf 
 
 PomatomtM safta^na; Gill ex Linn. Bkie-fiah. 
 Temnodon saitator, Storer, Mem. Am^^nf 
 
 SCOMBRIDiE (Cuv.) Gill. 
 ScOMBRINiE (Bon.) Gill. 
 Dorsal fins distant. Tail with cutaneous keels. 
 
 Genus Scomber (L.) Cuv.- 
 
 Body slender, with no*enlarged scales in front. Finlets 5-6. 
 
 Scomber grex Miteh., 18H. Mackerel. 
 
 Scomber vernalis, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. v, ^32, pi. xi, fig. 2. 
 
 OrOTNIN.*! jGrill. 
 DonaTflns generally approximated. Tail with cutaneous ke^ 
 
 » I 
 A 
 
 /^ 
 
 f.; 
 
 i. 
 
\ 
 
 ,r 
 
 Genus Orcynia^Cuv.) Gill, ' 
 
 Lateral liqe simple. Vomer and palatines as weU as jaws, with 
 small teeth. D. xii-xv. ». 
 
 Orcynu, ,ecundo-dors,^i> Gill ex Storcr. Hors^mackerel • 
 Albicore. (Perley.) . • ' 
 
 Thynius eecundo-dorsalis, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. y, 143, pi. ^i. 
 
 XlPHIID^BoN. 
 
 XiPHIlNiB (Bon.) Gill. .' ' c 
 
 Ventral fins obsolete. 
 
 Genus Xiphias (L.) Cuv. r 
 
 Tail with a single-cutaneous keel. Dorsal fin iff>ung, entire 
 behind; in adult, with -the greater portion of. the spinous part 
 obsolete. - *- r 
 
 Xiphias gladiu8 Linn.f Sword-fish. (Perley,) 
 
 Xiphiaa gladius, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac, v, 149, pl.^xiii, fig. 2. 
 
 GASTEROSTEID^ Bon. 
 GASTERosTEiNiE (Bon.) Brevoort. . 
 Body more or less fqsiform. Head conic or sub^jonic. 
 Genus Gasterosteua (L.) Brev. 
 . Body stout, fusiform. Free dorsal spines 2 - 3. 
 Gdsterosteus biacule^tus (Shaw) Mit.* Stickleback. (Perley ) 
 The species of this genus require a thorough re-examination. 
 
 Genus Pygosteus Brevoort. 
 Body elongated, sub-fusiform. Free'dgrsal spines fr- 10. 
 Pygosteus occidentalis Brev. ex Cv.* 
 Pygosteus Dehayi Brev. ex Ag.* 
 These species likewise require confirmation. 
 
 SCORP^NID^ (Sw.) Gill. 
 SooitP^NiNiE (Bon.) Gill. 
 D. xi - XV. Spinous and soft dorsals connected. ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 f 
 
 t On the point of sending this for publication, I received from* Mr 
 
 nhr' f ?f ^"'. * ^*^"" "^ '^° '=''"'^' ^''''^''^ of this epeciea 
 obtained while dredging in the harbor of Halifax. 
 
 \ 
 
 ^-^mm. 
 
 ' »'. ' »^ 'W "r^'*r' 'i .n--'i i " t I I I 
 
 .^^ 
 
\ 
 
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 ey) 
 
 1. 
 
 f 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 ':»'•:' 
 
 QontUB SebqsteM CuV. 
 
 D. xiy + i. 13. - 1^6. A. iii. G-8. Ve^tebrae'inincTeaHCd num- 
 ber, (c. 12 ^'U 
 
 Sebastes norve^icM Cuv.* 
 
 Bcbastes notViegicus, Cuv. ct VaV, Nat. Hist. 4c8 Pois., iv, 327, 
 
 Stbaxtet vivipania Kroyor. Rose-fisli ; Red^ eea-perch ; Snap- 
 
 ^r; (PerlSy») - _ « ■ . 
 
 Sebastes norvegicus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. v, 8(5, pi. vii, fig. 1. 
 
 , nEMIPTFUPTERlN^ GiU. 
 
 D. xv + x. Spinous and soft dorsals sSffBkted. 
 
 f- ■*■''» 
 
 \ ' , N ■ IWmitripteuus Cuv. ^ ^ 
 
 * .- ^ 
 
 Ilemitripterus Amdianus Storer ex-^Valb." 
 
 Hemitripterus AcadianuB, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. V, 83, pi. vii, fig. 4. 
 
 '' 
 COTTID^ (Rich.) Gill. 
 
 « CoTTINiE (Hon.) Gill. 
 
 Head large. First- dorsal mo.dcratc, generally oblong, mostly 
 
 . behind head. , '■ 
 
 Genus Coitus Linn. 
 
 Branchial membrane partly free below. Klviii-x ] 13 — 17. 
 Teeth on vomers "^ 
 
 Cottus grcenlandicus Cuv. Sculpin ; Bull-head! , (Perley.) 
 AcaoliwicoUuB variabilis, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. v, 74, pi. iy, fig. 1. 
 
 Pre-opercular spines 3 ; the upper not extending as fur ni> the 
 opercular. • ^ 
 
 "Coitus Labradoricus G*1ir. ex Grd. 
 
 Acanthocottus Labradoricus, Grf., Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. i. 
 
 Pre-opercular spines 4; the upper not extending as far as .the 
 opercular. 
 
 Cottus octodecim-spinosnsMhch. Sculpin ; Bull-head. (Perley.) 
 
 Acanthocottus Virginianus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac.v, 76, pi. iv, fig. 2. 
 Pre-opercular spines 3 ; the upper extending beyond the^oper- 
 
 cular one. 
 
 " Genus Gymnaamthus Rw. - * 
 
 Branchial membrane free below around margin. Vomerine 
 teeth, none. D. ii-x | 13 - 16. , 
 
 Jjfymnacanihus patrjis Gill ex Sto5«r. 
 
 Acanthocottus palris, Storer, Boston Jourij. Nat. Hi|t. -vi,. 26(^ 
 
 / 
 
 pi. 7, fig. 2: 7=^ 
 
 /^ 
 
 ■/..- 
 
-*5-^ 
 
 10 . 
 AGONip^.(Sw.) 
 
 Anoplaoonin^ Gill. 
 Spinous dorsal fia obsolete. 
 
 Genus Aapidophoroidea Lac. 
 Teeth on jaws only. 
 Aspidophoroides monoptej-ygi^t* Storer, 1839. 
 
 Aspidophorus monopterygius, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. t, 80, pi. 8, 
 fig. 1 (extremely bad). 
 
 TRIGLID^ (Bon.) Blkr. 
 
 Dactylopterin^ Gilt. 
 
 Pectoral fins in adult excessively large, divided into an upper 
 small and a lower larger part, and with no inferior thickened free 
 rays. 
 
 G«nus Dactylopterus Lac. 
 Dactylopterus volitans Lac. 
 
 Dactylopterus volltaps, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. v, pi. vl, fig. 6, 6. 
 
 XIPHIDIONTID^t Gill. 
 
 Body compressed and ribbon-shaped. Dorsal fin nearly uniform, 
 entirely composed of robust spines. 
 
 Genus Murcenoides Lac. 
 
 Branchiostegal membrane free below. Anal fin with two simple 
 spines. 
 
 Murcenoides ingens Gill.* 
 
 Gunnellus ingeps, Storer, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 
 Murcenoides mucronatns Gill. 
 
 Gunnellus mucronatus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. v, 260, pi. ivii, fig. 2. 
 
 • ' ANARRHIOADID^ Gill. 
 Genus Anarrhicas Linn. 
 Bodyj-obuat. Caudal convex free from the dorsal and anal. 
 An(&/hicaji vomerinus Ag* Wolf fish; Sesrwolf (Perley.) 
 Anarrhicas Tomerinoi^ Storer, Mim. Am. Ac. t, 266, pi. 18, fig. 1. 
 
 t The much «Iongated, ribbon-shaped body, form of head, structure of 
 dorsal and pectoral fins, A c , app e ar to Indicate that the centronotoid 
 -Wenntoias repeBBotiitrne family. " — ' ' — ' 
 
 «.w 
 
11 
 
 8, 
 
 •er 
 ■ee 
 
 m, 
 
 )le 
 
 2. 
 
 of 
 id 
 
 STICHiEID^ jPiLL. 
 
 Genus Leptoblennius Gill. 
 
 Body very slender, with no lateral line. Teeth only on jaws. 
 * Leptoblennius serpentinus Gill. 
 
 Blenoius serpentinus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ax. v, 267, pi. 17, fig. 1 
 (poor). 
 
 Genus Eumesogrammus Gill. 
 
 Body moderately elo'ffgated, with the lateral line divided into a 
 superior and larger median branches. 
 Eumesogrammus sub-bi/urcutus Gill. 
 
 Pholis sub-bifurcatus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. v, 258. 
 
 ORYPTACANTHID^ Gill. 
 Genus Cryptacanthodes Storer.j^3| 
 
 Cri/ptacanthodis maculutus Storer. . ', 
 
 Cryptacanthodes maculatus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac', v, 82, pi. viii, f. 6. 
 
 Body and fins ruddy, with dark spots. 
 
 Cryptacanthodes inornatus Gill.f Ghost-fish. . 
 
 Cryptacanthodes inornatus, Gill Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila.,1863, 332. 
 
 Body and fins whitish, immaculate. 
 
 GYCLOPTBRID^ (Bon.) 
 Cycl,opterin.«: (Bon.) Gill. 
 Body contracted. Dorsal fins, two, the first spinous. 
 Genus Cyclopterus Linn. 
 
 Plates in one dorsal, and on each side in two lateral and one 
 abdominal rows. First dorsal very sniall. 
 Cyclopterus lumpus Linn. 
 
 Lumpus anglorum, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. viii, 402, pi. 32, fig. 2. 
 
 LIPARlDiy^ Gill. 
 Body elongated. Dorsal single, entire. 
 
 Genus Liparis (Art.) 
 Teeth trisouspid. Ventral disk below posterior half of head. 
 
 Liparis -. 
 
 Liparis vulgaris, Fortin 'ia Rep. Com. Grown Lands, Canada, 
 1863, p. 161. 
 
 t C. inomatut has bt-en diK»alized from Halifax by Mr. Jones, since the 
 transmission of this article for publication, under the name of C. macula- 
 tu$, (thil JowBftly Pt4^ Ai>ri4, 1 865 ). 
 
« - 
 
 
 12 
 
 SUB-ORDER PEDiIjuLATI. 
 
 T. Branchial apertures below, in or bkind the inferior axillse of 
 
 the pectoral fins. Lower jaw projecting. LophiiDjE. 
 
 11. Branchial apertutes above in the axillae of the pectoral fins. 
 
 Mouth subterminal or inferior, the] lower jaw being received 
 
 within the upper. Maltheid^. 
 
 LOPHIID^ (Raf.) Gill. 
 Genus Lophiiis (Linn.) Cuv. 
 Lophius Americanus Val. 
 
 Lophius Americanus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. v, 266, pi. xviii, fig. 2. 
 
 MALTHEID^ (Blkr.) Gill. 
 
 Malthein^ Gill. , - 
 
 ])isk heart-shaped, produced at the snout ; body robust. 
 
 Genus Malthe Cuv. 
 * Malthe cuhifrons Rich. 
 
 Malthe cubifrons. Rich., Fauna Bor. Am., Fishes, 103 (pi. 96). 
 
 SUBORDER JUGULARES. 
 I. branchial apertures very large, continuous, the membrane 
 cleft far forwards. Gadid^. 
 
 GADID^ (Cuv.) 
 
 Merluciin^ (Sw.) Gill. 
 Dorsal fins two ; first well developed ; second, as well as anal, 
 emarginated behind middle. 
 
 Genus Merlucius Raf. 
 Merluciua hilinearin Gill ex Mitch. Silver-hake of Grand Ha- 
 ven; Whiting of St. Johns. (Perley.) 
 
 Merlucius albidus, Store|||Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 363, pi. 28, fig. 2. 
 Gadin^ (Bon) Gill. 
 Dorsal fins three ; anal two. 
 
 Genus Pollachlus (Nilss.) r 
 
 Mouth moderate, lower jaw longer, with barbel obsolete or 
 rudimentary. 
 
 Pollackim carhonarius Bon.* Pollock ; Sea-salmon. (Perley.) 
 Merlangus purpureas, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 368, pi. 28, fig. 3. 
 
of 
 
 a. 
 id 
 
 E. 
 
 2, 
 
 Genus GuduH (Luid.) Bon. 
 
 Mouth large. Lateral line white. Anus under second dorsal 
 
 fin. Size large. 
 
 Gadus morrhua Linn. 
 
 Gadus arenosus (Mitch. )f Cod or Cod-fish. 
 
 Morrhua Atiiericana, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 343, pi. 27, fig. 4. 
 
 Genus Microgadus (Gill). 
 Mouth large. Anus under first dorsal fin. Size small.^ 
 Microgadus tnmcodns (Walb ) Tomcod ; Frost-fish. (Perley.) 
 Morrhua pruinosa, Slorer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 357, pi. 27, fig. 6. 
 
 Genus Melanogrammus Gill. 
 
 Mouth rather small. Lateral line black. 
 Melanogrammus ceglijinus QUI ex liinn. Haddock. (Perley.) 
 Morrhua aeglifinus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 355. pi. 28, fig. I. 
 
 PHYCINiE (Sw.) Gill. 
 
 Dorsals two ; anal one ; Ventrals with stjliform bases, generally 
 
 forked. 
 
 Genus Phffcis (Raf.) 
 
 Caudal convex behind. | 
 
 Phycis chuss Gill ex Walb. Ling ; American-hake. (Perley.) 
 Phycis filamentosus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 367, pi: 29, fig. 4. 
 Scales in about 110 transverse rows. Mouth blotched with dark 
 purple inside. 
 
 Phycis tenuis Gill. ' 
 
 Phycis Americanus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 365, pi. 29, fig. 3. 
 Scales in 135 — 140 transverse rows. Mouth minutely punctu- 
 lated with black within. 
 
 Genus Urophycis Gill. 
 
 Caudal emarginated behind. 
 
 Urophycis regius Gill. 
 
 Gadus (Phycis) punctatus. Rich. F. B. A. Ill, Fish p. 253, (wood- 
 cut). 
 
 t Probably not distinct from G. morrhua. 
 
 I Gadus and Micrrgadus me trenchantly distinguished by important 
 Anatomical characters, for a knowledge of which reference is made to 
 the Proc. Ao. Nat. 8c. Phila. 18(i5, p. 68. 
 
14 
 
 ■LoTINiE Gill. • / 
 
 Dorsals two; posterior as well 88 anal entire. 
 
 Genus Lota Cay. 
 
 Anterior dorsal much behind scapular region. Teeth not 
 enlarged. 
 
 Xo<a facM«fm Gill ex Walb. Fresh-water cusk. (Perley.) 
 
 ClLIATIN^ Gill. 
 Dorsals two ; anterior fringed, with a longer ray in front. 
 
 Genus Rhinonemus Gill. 
 Head depressed behind, snout with cirrus. 
 Rhinonenius caudacuta Gill ex Storer. (Bell.) 
 
 Motella caudacuta, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, p. 361, pi. 29, fig. i. 
 Genus Ciliata Coch. 
 Head and body compressed, silvery. 
 * Ciliata argentata Gill ex Reinh. 
 
 Brosmin^ Sw. 
 Dorsal single. 
 
 Genus Brosmius Cuv. 
 Brosmius Americanus Gill. 
 
 Brosmius flavescens, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. 
 
 Lower jaw shorter, with an undivided barbel. 
 Brosmius /iavescens Lea.*' .^ 
 
 Lower jaw longer, with a forked barbel. 
 
 SUB-ORDER HETEROSOMATA. 
 
 PLEURONECTID^. 
 
 Pleuroneotin^, Gill. 
 
 Mouth small, the supramaxillary ending before or under front of 
 eye. 
 
 Genus Pseudopleuronectes Blkr. 
 
 Body with imbricated ctenoid scales.' Teeth fixed, incisorial. 
 Lateral line not arched in front. 
 
 Pseudopleuronectes Americanus Gill ex Walb. Common floun- 
 der. (Perley.) 
 
 Platessa plana, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. viii, 389, pi. 30 fig 2 
 Platessa pusilla, Dek. (young).t • 
 
 \ 
 
 t Plattua putiUa DeKay = Puudopt. Jimtricanw, young. 
 
ot 
 
 4^ 
 
 Genus Limanda Gottsche. 
 Body with rough imbricated scales. Te«th fixed, incisorial. 
 Lateral line arched in front. 
 
 Limanda rostrata Gill. Fluke or common dab. (Perley.) 
 Platessa rostrata, Storer, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, pi. 8, fig. 2. 
 HlPPOQLOSSIN^ Gill. 
 Mouth large. Ventrals lateral. 
 
 Genus Hippoglossoides Gottsche. 
 
 Body thick. Scales ctenoid ; caudal entire. 
 * Hippoglossoides platessoides Gill ex Fab. 
 
 Hippoglossoides platessoides, "Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soc. 1864. 
 Genus Pomatopsetta Gill. 
 
 Body thin. Scales mostly cycloid, caudal entire. 
 Pomatopsetta dentata Gill. 
 
 Platessa dentata, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vili, 391, pi. 30, fig. 3. 
 
 Genus Hippoglossvs Cuv. 
 
 Body robust, with minute smooth scales, caudal fin emarginated. 
 Hippoghssus Americanus Gill. Halibut. (Perley.) 
 Hippoglossus vulgaris, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. viii, pi. 
 
 SUB-ORDEU ABDOMINALES. 
 Families. 
 
 I. Head plane above and behind. Pectorals inserted rather high 
 
 on the sides, 
 a. Body elongated, with the back and abdomen parallel. 
 
 Lateral line distinct, very low. ScoMBERESOCiDif!. 
 p. Body oblong, subfusiform or oval, with no lateral line. 
 
 Head flat above, with large scales. PoEClLliDiE. 
 
 II. Head more or less convex transversely above. Pectorals inserted 
 
 very low on sides. 
 a. Dorsal fin more or less in advance of anal. 
 
 * Adipose dorsal finlet present l>ehind. A lateral line. 
 
 1 Salmonid^. 
 
 * * Adipose dorsal finlet none. No lateral line. 
 
 Clupeid.*:. 
 p. Dorsal and anal fins opposite, far behind. 
 
 * Head with oblong conical dcpreesed snout. 
 
 EsooiDiE. 
 
 * * Head rounded in front, with oblique tympanic and 
 
 opercular apparatus, and an enormous mouth. 
 
 STOHIAtlDiE. 
 
 \i 
 
 , V 
 
 <(V V 
 
 /■ 
 
 ■'■I 
 
 "\ 
 
16 
 
 SCOMBERESOCID^ Bon 
 ScOMBERESOCINjfe Gill. 
 
 Bodj cocSpressed; jaws both produced 8]endr.r. A i . 
 anal posterior rays developed as separate finie^ ' '""' ^"' 
 
 Genus Scomberegox Lac. * 
 
 Scomheresox scutellatus Les 
 Sco„b.r.»x =c„,e„„,„,s.„., „.„, ^„ ,^ ,. ^'^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 Belonin^ Bon. 
 
 Genus Belone Cuv. 
 ^e^onelonyirostifll Gill ex Mitch 
 
 Belone truncata, Storer, Men.. Ao.. Ac. vi, 314, p,. 24, fig. 3. 
 
 POECILIID^ Bon. . 
 HYDRARQYftlN^ Gill 
 
 Tee.,, .c„.e. D„«, ,„a an»,, «.„„^„ .„^^„^ ^„, 
 
 Genus Hydrargym Lac. 
 Branchiostegal rays six. 
 Hydnirgyra maj.iUs Val ex Wnlh Ar„ , . 
 
 with 12-15 verUcal iC) and 6 r/' ',' '•-''' '^^ ' ("""«' 
 dinal lines). ^' '^ ^ ^'^'°"^'° ^''^ 2 - 3 longitu- 
 
 Genus Fundulus Lac. ' 
 Branchio?tegal rays five " 
 
 SALMONID^ Cuv. 
 Salmonin.^; Bon 
 Teeth aculc. Stomach „o. e.eal ; py,„™ ^„, „„„„„^ . 
 Genus ^a7jwo (Linn.) » 
 
 Salmo fontinalis, Storer Mem A™ A ^^'''^y-^ 
 
 
 n «rrtliiniiHMi«M^ 
 
i 
 
 (- 
 
 l(% 
 
 Genu(f Coregonus (Art.) Ag. 
 
 Body never spotted/ Mouth small, toothless/with the lower 
 jaw flliorter. 
 
 Coregonus -^^. Gizzard-fish. (I'erlcy.) 
 
 Coregonus albus. Perley, Report on Sea and River Fishes of New 
 Brunswick, p. 204. \ 
 
 ■\ ' 
 
 AuaKNTiNiNiE (Bon.) Gill. 
 
 Teeth acute Stomach ccecal, and at the pyloric extremity 
 provided with few coeca. , 
 
 Genus Osmerus (Art.) 
 
 Sexes scarcely distinguishable externally. Scales in both regu- 
 larly imbricated. Pectorals and ventrals moderate (P. 10-1 2)7 
 Osmerus mordax Gill ex Mitch. Smelt. (Perley.) 
 Osraerns vi^idescens, Siorer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi. 
 
 Genus Mullotus Cuv. ^ 
 
 Sexes very dissimilar : scales of the ;nale viUose or pointed in a 
 lateral band ; pectorals and ventrals very large and overlapping one 
 another; scales of the female as in Osmerus. (P. 18 - 20.) 
 Mallotus villosus Cuv. Oapelin. (Perley.) 
 
 Salmo (Mallotus) villosus, Rich. F. B. A., iii, Fishes, p. 187. 
 
 ULUPEID^ (Cdv.) 
 CLUPEINiE (Bon.) 
 
 Body much compressed, fusiform. Head conic, with oraJ cleft 
 longtitudinal and the lower jaw projecting. 
 
 Genus Glupea (Linn.) 
 
 Scales simple. Upper jaw little emarginated at symphysis . 
 Mouth well toothed. , • 
 
 Glupea ehngata Les. . , 
 
 Clupeaelongata, Seorer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 330, pi. 26, fig. 1. 
 
 Genus Ahsa Cuv. 
 
 Scales simple. Pre-opercular with a very short horizontal pro- 
 cess; cheeks very high. Upper jaw deeply notched at symphysis. 
 Mouth toothless, or with supramaxillars only toothed. 
 
 Ahsa ti/rannus Gill ex Lat. 
 
 Q 
 
 Alosa praestablia, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 332, pi 26, fig 2. 
 
 B 
 
 1 • it"' ■». 
 
18 
 
 Genus Pomolobua (Raf.) Gill. 
 
 Scales simple. Pre-opcrculum with anpblong horizontal process ; 
 cheeks longer than high. Upper jaw notched at symphysis. Roof 
 of mouth edentulous. 
 
 Pomolohus psmlo-harciKjus Gill ex Wilson. Alowife; Gaspe- 
 reau. (Pcrley.) 
 
 Alosa cyanonoti^ Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 339, pi. 27, fig. !.• 
 Alosa tyrannus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 337, pi. 26, fig. 3. 
 
 .(liin\ia Brcvoort'ut Q\\\. 
 Scales ciliated or pectinated behind ! © 
 
 Brevoortia menhaden Gill ex Mitch. 
 
 Alosa menhaden, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 330, pi. 26, fig. 4. 
 
 ESOCID^^Cuv.) 
 Genus Esox Iiinn. 
 Esox retUulatus Les. Pike ; Pigkerel. (Fortin.) 
 
 Espx reticulatus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 311, pi. 24, fig. 1. 
 
 STOMIATID^ Gill. 
 Genus Malacosteus Ayres. i- . ' 
 
 Body naked. Gape rectilinear. Opercular bbnes much reduced. 
 * Malacosteus niger Ayres. 
 
 Malacosteus niger, Ayres, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. 
 
 SUB-ORDER EVENTOGNATHI Gill. 
 
 1. Lower pharyngeal bones with 1-3 rows of teeth, the primary , 
 row containing only 5-7. CYPBlNiDiEt 
 
 2. Lower pharyngeal bones with a row of numerous pectiniform 
 
 *®®*^- CATASTOMIDiE. 
 
 CYPRINID^(Cdv.)Gill. 
 
 Genus StilUus (Dek.) Gill. 
 
 Head and body much compressed, silvery. Back much arched. 
 Lateral line very low. 
 
 Stilhiua Amcricanus Gill ex Lac. Shiner j Carp. (Pcrley.K^- 
 ,, - Leucosomus Amencanus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac.vi, 283, p. a^ffflig. 
 
 2. D. 9-10, A. 15-16, P. 15-17, V. 9. 
 
 I 
 
 liiiii^timmtfim^ 
 
 mttttimtiimt^ 
 
 ^^-.r..,...; .■-.^, -.. | --^- |, i -t,r]) , | | ' || ^„- ,i|t||i i i 
 
 •^MMwijSiiiiyj 
 
19 
 
 GcnuH lIjjpuli'pU Baird. 
 
 Head and body thick, the former large and sliort, with tubcr- 
 clea in the breeding scaHuu. Hciflos liighcr than long. Lateral 
 line Bubmediafl, little dccurved. 
 
 Hjiptilepis cornutus Grd. ex Mit.* Koach ; Red-fin. (Pcfftey.) 
 
 IFypsolcpia cornutus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. yj, 284, pi. 21, fig. 3. 
 D. 8, A. 9, P. 15, V.8. , 
 
 Genus Scmotilus Raf. 
 
 Head and body thick, elongated. Scales quadrate or oblong. 
 Lateral line submcdian, little dccurved. 
 
 Semotilus pulchellus Gill. * Roach-dace. (Perley.) 
 
 Chcilonemus pulchellus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 286, pi. 22, fig. 2. 
 D. 9-10, A. 9-10, P. 16-17, V. 8. 
 
 GonvLS RhinichtJii/s Ag. 
 Head and body thick, elongated. Scales oblong. Lateral line 
 nearly straight, and generally with a black band extending from 
 snout to oaudal. 
 
 Rhinichthys sitronasus Ag. ex Mit. * Brook minnow. 
 
 Argyreus atronasus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 288, pi. 21, fig. 4. 
 D. 8. A. 8, P. 14-15, V. 8. 
 
 CATASTOMID^ Gill. 
 Catastomid^ (Heck.) Gill. 
 Dorsal short, above yentrals. 
 
 Genus Catastomns (Les.) Ag. 
 
 Snout long. Latoral line present, nearly straight. Lips pa- 
 pillated. 
 
 Catastomus Bostoniensis Les. * Sucker. 
 
 Catastomus Bostoniensis, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 290, pi. 22, fig 3. 
 D, 14-16, A. 9, P. 18, V. 10. 
 
 Genus Moxostoma (Raf.) Ag. 
 
 * Snout short. Lateral line obsolete. Lips plicated. 
 Moxostoma oblongum Ag. ex Mit. Chub. (Perley.) 
 
 Cataatomns gibbosus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. vi, 291, pi. 22, fig. 4. 
 D. 15-17, A. 9-10, P. 16, V. 10. 
 
 ORDER APODES. 
 ANGUILLID^ Kaup. 
 Body with patches of oblong scales diagonally disposed. 
 
 > .»*! 
 
V 
 
 ' 20 
 
 Genus Anguilla Thunbcrg. 
 , Anguilla Bostoniensis St. ex Les. Eel. (Porley.) 
 
 Anguilla Bostonienais, Storcr, Mem. Am. Ac. viif, 409, pi, 33, fig. i. 
 The fish {Lcptoccplialns gracilis, Storcr) regarded by me as 
 being probably the larva of the conger, has been found along the 
 coast of Maihc.f . , 
 
 ORDER NEMATOGNATIIJ Gii.l. 
 
 SILURID^ (Gov.) Blkr. 
 
 BAaRINi15. 
 
 Genus Amiurits (Raf.) Gill.j' , 
 Head depressed, with the supra-occipital free behind. Adipose 
 fin well developed ; caudal nearly even. 
 
 Amiurus . ^ Cat-fish. (Perley.) 
 
 Species uncertain ; not seen by me. <« 
 
 ORDER PLECTOGNATHI. ' ~ 
 
 SUB-ORDER SCLERObERMI, 
 BALISTID^Cov. 
 BALisTINiE (Bon.) 
 First dorsal fin with two or three spines. 
 
 Genus Cnpriscus Sw. 
 PoBtbranchial scales enlarged ; dorsal and anal elevated in front. 
 Capriscus fuliginoius Gill ex Deka;5r. 
 
 Balistea faliginosus, Dekay, N. ¥. Faunj», p. 339, pi. 57, fig. 188. 
 (Nova Scotia, J. M. Jones, Esq., in litt.) 
 
 MONACANTHIN^ Kaup. 
 
 Dorsal spine single. 
 
 Genus Stephanolepis Gill. 
 Scales with a coroniform crest. T v 
 
 Stephanolepig Massachtisettensis Gin ex Stover. * (Jones.) 
 Vonacanthus Massachussettensis, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac viii 425 
 pi. 34, fig. 4. ' 
 
 t The JnguUla or Isognatha oceanica Dekay is the American Conger 
 t Aj. the etymology of the name ^mmrw has been variously misunder- 
 stood, one deriving it from .Amia and ovpa, and another from Kiu 
 (shovel) and ovpa, it will not be superfluous to state that it alludes to the 
 
 JttTTC ^^'■^.' '"^ " ''"^'^ °' '^' P"^"^"^" « "<i M Jpo, (cur- 
 tailed). ThQ name is a most happy one both in its reference to a marked 
 generic character andin its concordance with its derivatives. 
 - It may be here remarked tBat the SUuroids, JTormyroidB, Sterwir- 
 ^hoidg, and Gymnptoids, are closely related. 
 
 t 
 
 ■i \ 
 
\ r. 
 
 
 ■i y 
 
 21 
 
 ORDER LOPIIOBRANCIIH. 
 , SYNC NATIIKD^ (Hon.) 
 iSYNQNATHINiE ^ft.) 
 
 ; 
 
 Head and body much elongated and Btraight. Males with a 
 caudal egg-pouch open throughout. 
 
 Genua Syn^nathiis Linn. 
 
 Body hoptagonal, slender, with the brcast-shiolds rugose^ and 
 the jawB sub-equal. 
 
 Si/ngnathtu Pcckianus Storcr. (Dawson.) 
 
 Syngnathus Peckinnus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. viii, 412, pi. 33, fig. 3. 
 
 QANOIDEI. 
 
 ORDER IiaeiWROSTEI. 
 
 >^ SruRONiDiB (Rich.) 
 
 » 
 
 Genus Acipenserinfc (Bon.) 
 
 •"' 
 
 Both pseudobranohiao and spiracula developed. 
 
 Acipenser oxjrhinchus, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. viii, 431, pi. 35, fig. 4. 
 w * 
 ^ ORDERS OP ELASMOBRANOHI. 
 
 Branchial apertures lateral. -^ SquALii 
 
 Branchkl apertures inferior. RAiiB. 
 
 FAMILIES OF SQUALL 
 I. Anal fin present. m , 
 
 A. Branohi)al apertures entirely in front of pectorals. Caudal 
 nearly lunate. LAMNm^E. 
 
 AA. Branchial aperture behind above pectoral. * 
 
 B. Caudal with its upp4r lobe extremely lo^. Nictitating 
 membrane obsolete. Alopeoidje. 
 
 BB. Caudal with it upper lobe moderately elongate. 
 " v^^ Nictitiating membrane of eyes present. 
 
 GALEOEHINIDiE. 
 
 II. Anal fin absent. 
 
 - Dorsals wilh spines in front. , Spin acid.*. 
 
 Dorsals without spines. Sctmnid.*!. 
 
 ^ LAMNID^ Mull, et Henle. 
 Lkmni fiJB G ill. '- ,* 
 
 v-^ 
 
 ,Branohial aperture moderate. Teeth well developed. 
 
 \ 
 
 ■.fV*H& 1 
 
'*' 
 
 if* 
 
 #'<f' 
 
 M^^-X-' 
 
 ;.y 
 
 :> 
 
 \ 
 
 '% 
 
 22 
 
 OcnuH harojtain 'lill. 
 
 T/!«lh n»il-<liupod, long, prisumti*' and ucuto. Dorsal nearly 
 midw&^f fi«tw)en pcclf>ral8,and vcntraln. 
 
 Ituropsii ^Untfi/» CiiWoxU. Sill. Porbeagle, fortin.) 
 Lamna puaclaU, ri'''>i'er, Dekny. 
 
 C'KTORUININiE Gill.» 
 
 Branchial apertOrcs extremely large. Teeth uiinutc. 
 
 Genus Cctorhmns Bluinv. 
 
 Ce<or/iin««?nfltxmM« Gray ex Linn. Basking-shark. (P^ley.) 
 BelAchuB maxjmus, I)ekay. 
 
 ALOl'KCID/K Owen. 
 Genus Ahpias Raf. 
 
 Alopias vulffea Bon. ex Lini\. Thresher-shark. (Perley.) 
 \ - Garcjiarias yulpes, Dekay. 
 
 OALEOROININID/E Gill. 
 GALEOBIIININiE Gill. 
 
 Teeth compressed, trenchant,' entire or crenulated^'^jii^' 
 Genus Scoliodon Mull, k Henlo. 
 
 Teeth with smooth edges, and with point directed towards the 
 comers of the mouth. 
 * Scoliodon terrce-novce Gill ex Rich. 
 
 Squalia (carchariaa) terrae-noTte, Rich., P. B. A., Pialjes, 289. 
 
 X' 
 
 i^. 
 
 SPIN^OID^ (OwBN). 
 
 .^l^(r 
 
 }eauB, Squalus (LinD.) UsS. ^ 
 
 Teeth of jaws similar, suhquadrate, with a nearly horizontal 
 cutting-edge. - . ^« 
 
 Squalus Amencanus Gill ex St. Dog-fish. (Perley.) 
 Spinax acanthifia ? Dekay. 
 
 U"i SOYMNID^ (OwBN). 
 
 Somniogus Les. 
 
 Teeth above na 
 nearly horizontal cuf 
 - Somniomu microc 
 
 Scymnus breTipmnt',^ 
 
 -^jg- 
 
 low f ubquadirate, with a 
 
 is^sL, 
 
 ■■> .1 ml1J««Ml»wgsn<i'iprj»<iBi-gii,iiinn.taBgr- 
 
 ■Mb j,i, 111 
 
/ 
 
 i 
 
 g3 "^ 
 
 ■r 
 ILrBS OP RAIJi. V 
 
 RAriD-«;(BoN). 
 
 ,< (ionus Jiuia Linn. 
 
 ^^ AiCTM Mitchill. Skate (Pcrley) 
 im^lUvia, Dekaj, N. Y.' Fauna, 370. 
 
 jwMitchill. Hedge-hog ray. (Porley ) 
 aceua, Dekay, N. Y. Fauna, 3/2, pi. rs/fig. 276 
 
 [identification of these species requires confirmntiQn. 
 MAIiSIPOBRANCHI^. 
 VORDER IIYPEROARTMD/ \ 
 
 SUU-ORDERs/ ^ \ 
 
 Palate not perfotatcd.X , / „ \ 
 
 ^^ ^ HyPEROTBETI. 
 
 PETROMYZONTlDJi Bon. 
 
 ' . , * •^^""S Petromyzoii (Linn.) Gray 
 
 A/romyzon Americanus Say. American lamprey. (Perlev ) 
 Petrpy^on Americanus, De^y, N. Y. Fauna, 379, p.. ««. fig. .^i 
 ORDER HYPEROTRETI. 
 MYXJNIDiE Mull. 
 Genus Myxine Linn. 
 Myxine glutinosa Girard,* 
 ^^^ .* '^^^'•^ glutlnosa, Qirard Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1088. 
 
 8UPPLEMBNTAEY NOTB. 
 
 ■ Of I'Tk ^J* """"^'^ '"^•^ ^° "^ ^«^^^°° •'f the classification 
 
 that th^ Sparoxds are among those hitherto, misunderstood. Thf 
 
 «m6a..* Gunther, should be united and referred to a new^TuT 
 which differs ;videly from both Pagrus .nA ■<?... J - the LTv_- 
 
 ■~-N 
 
 
 "^.^ 'j 
 
 ?'>! 
 
 11 
 
 
 -■*.* 
 

 *s% 
 
 y 
 
 of the d<Maii^ there ift, s^ reoud^nt Bpinei ^e geaua may be 
 ' nftmed Slmotomtu.'^ The Sargu'i jtrobat^ixMalus agrees with 
 SteTiotomut and differs from Sargus in beifig armed witli:|i 
 recumbent ;^or8al spine, and may be called Af^hosargus.-f The 
 anatomical and full gcnerie characters will be h#Mter exposed. 
 
 I may also add that among the Cyprinod(itits, the JPundrdu* 
 zonatus Ov., F. cingulahis Cv., and Ilydrarjt^a ludce Baird, 
 should be separated from Fandulm and Ilyd^rgyra, to form a 
 distinct ^nus, (Mknstius \) distinguished by iti| physiognomy and 
 the smalB&umbci' of dorsal rays. The nomini^ species probably 
 represent sexual conditions. U 
 
 Another family involved iu groat confusio^ is that of the 
 Clupeido). An examination of extensive material has convinced 
 me that t^e number of species has been very mueh over-estimated 
 and that ^o much attention has been paid to j^e dentition. The 
 various os^dogical modifications, &c. afford mp^ safer characters. 
 I can onlyrecognize with certainty seven speeies of Clupeinas as 
 inhabitaati of the eastern coast to the northward. 
 
 J 1. C^upeajliarengus L. (Greenland fide ReinhaWt, &c.) 
 (--2. Clui^dongataXes. , i\ 
 
 '3. Pom^ljj^biis medipcris Gill ex Mitch. — Melettijmattawocca, Cv. 
 = ip^Uneata>S^«orcr. ;-^ • , 
 
 ,,,4. Pon^filiS^ pseudoharenaus Gill ex Wilsoi(^Clupea viretcent 
 I Jif&lgf.=^ Alosa cyanonoton St.' =il/e2e^ venoaa Cv. = U^ 
 
 .i^Miij^ parvula Gnh (y.g.), — AloM^tyrannus Storer ' 
 -^C^HN^a fasoiata'^e*. ^ 
 
 5. ClapiKdon thrissa Lac.=JHeletta tJirissa-^.= ()pisthop,ema 
 
 6.' Aloea^^nnus Gill ex Latrdle = Alosa j^jUkeatalilia Dekay. 
 7. BreiMtnia menhaden* Gill ex Mitch ell= Al^ menhaden Cuv. 
 
 Waafa^l||ton City, U.S.A., Aug., 1865. 
 
 ■ ^^. 
 
 
 ■5f 
 
 ^h^Mi, 
 
 i^ 
 
 ^'Mrvflt^wnow ; ro/xhs, incisive. The narrow iiliBors are especially 
 ebarablJHdjitic of i^tenofomus. 'i ^ 
 
 t ApxfiK,yriiltx ; JLdpyos, Sargus. Tlie sheeps-htM (Jlrchosargui pro' 
 btttocqthifmi) 1b pre-eminent among the Sparoida fi^the delicacy of its 
 flesh as flu as its size. mX' 
 
 t MiiMik sl^all ; itrtoc, sail. Micritlius is xi^Hl^jtinguished by iu 
 small diniilfln. 
 
 t*" ■.'■-'■•■ ' ■ ' ■'- 
 
 |,k^, < 
 
 ....4.^'v'"0^«*^^?fflW»A 
 
 ,.^^'f .%■>! 
 
 -f»^ 
 
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