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Ji- 
 
 PAPERS relative to the Settling of 
 the Maroons in Hk Majefty's Province 
 
 of Nova Scotia. 
 
 
 >. 
 
 
 Orderul to be printed izd February 1798. 
 
 •)l 
 
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 V'*, i 
 
T. 
 
 PACE. 
 
 N* I. Extraft of a LETTER from Sir John Wentworth, Bart, to the 7 
 Duke of PoRTt AND} dated Halifax, Nova Scou*, 7ih May 1797. - - J ^' 
 
 N* 2. Extraftof a LETTER from tbe Duke of Portland to Sir John 7 
 Wentworth, Bart, dated June 1797. -I ■« .' !< O. >/ j,';* '^p. J 
 
 N* 3. LETTE R from Sir John Wentworth, Bart, to the Duke of Port- ' 
 land; dated Halifax, Nova Scotia, 2d June 1797:— (VVith Two In- } 5- 
 clofures.} . . - ... 
 
 N' 4. LETTER (N^i)-) from Sir John Wentworth, Bart, to the Duke 1 
 of Portland; dated Halifax, loth July 1797. - - - - J ' 
 
 N° 5. LETTER from Sir John Weni worth, Bart, to his Grace tlic Duke 7 
 of Portland; dated the 12th Auguft 1797 : — (With Two Inclofures.) - j 
 
 N" 6. Extradl of a LETTER from Sir John Wentworth, Bart, to the 
 Duke of Portland; dated Halifax, Nova Scotia, November 1797: — 
 (With One Inclofure.) 
 
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 • J .,^. ', ■ - , • No. I. . 
 
 Extradl of a LETTER from Sir John Wentworth, Bart. 
 : ,._v. .J to the Duke of Portland j dated Halifax, Nova-Scotia, 
 
 7th May 1797. 
 
 ^ #R. QUARRELL, Comminary for fettling the Maroons in this 
 I Vf, Province, has communicated to nic a Letter he has received from 
 EarlBalcarrcs, accompanied by a Copy of a Refolution of the Houfc of 
 Aflfcmbly of Jamaica, providing for the Expence of this Mcafure until 
 July next, and iimitin;^ tlie fubfcquent to Ten Pounds Sterling per Head ; 
 that is to fay, Men, Women, and Ciiildrcn : which will be very infuf- 
 iicient for the Piirpol'c. It is my Duty humbly to reprefcnt to your Grace, 
 that a larger Sum will be indifpcnlably mceflary for their Aid and Sup- 
 |)ort, from July 1797 to July 17^8 ; and to entreat your Grace's Inftruc- 
 tions to me hereupon. 
 
 Mr, Quarrel! intends proceeding to England on his own private Af- 
 fairs in Auguft next. He is fully (enfible, that the Sum propofed by the 
 Houfc of Aflfembly in Januica, is greatly inadequate; nor will it be pof- 
 fible for them to remain in this Province witliout a more ample and longer 
 continued Support, whicli muft: be difpenfed to their various Cafes and 
 Wants, witii an Ability and Knowledge derived from Experience; the 
 Want of which will delay the good F.ffecls intended, although refulting 
 from an upright Exercife of the bed Intentions, and Zeal in their Interefts. 
 They have not yet overcome the Apprelienfions caufi 1 by the extreme, 
 rigorous, and unufuaily long Winter, and backward Spring, which has only 
 this Day given any p'.eaftrit Wurmtli ; ami both together have been near 
 Three Montlis longer than his been known fince the Settlement of Hali- 
 fax in the Year 1749. Added to tins, they unfortunately got an Idea 
 .among tliem of bciii^ embodied as Soldiers for the Cape of Good Hope, 
 and India, wiih their Women and Children, wliere they fay, " Give us 
 Arms and Ammunition, and put us on Sh;)re, we will make Room for 
 ourfclvcs }" that is, they would murder and plunder the Inhabitants, 
 if they could only live in the Woods all the Year round. Thcfc Im- 
 prtflions, for tiic prefent, a lirtle unhinge their g')od Difpofitions to La- 
 bour, but 1 trull will fuhfide by Degrees. They ilill attend public Worfhip 
 on Sundays j and, Tv.icj a Week, they go to the Clergyman for Explana- 
 tions and Inrtriidliuns on the Service ot the preceding Sunday -, and the 
 Children conilantly at School, l.aining to re^d and write with Decency 
 and Diligence. I am tnerefore induced to entreat your Grace's Favour 
 toward the Support of the MifTionary or Chaplain, and ScIiotiimalKr, 
 anjounting in the Whole to Two iiundred and Forty Pcnintls Sterling 
 per Annum. Thefe Gentlemen have faithfully and ufefully performed 
 their Duty, and continue refident tlierein, nutwi'.hllanding the Appre- 
 hcnfionk naturally excited by fuch a People. 
 
rk' 
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Extraft of a LFTTKR from t!ie Duke of Portland to Sii 
 John VVentwortii, Bart, dated June 1797. 
 
 ■j ITave attentively confidercd the feveral Circiimftances you have ftatal 
 relative to the Maroons, and can cafily conceive that the fingul ir Length 
 and Severity of the late Winter, joined to the dchifive Hopes, very im- 
 properly heKI out to them, of ferving as a Corps at the Cape of Good Hope, 
 inftead of preparing tliem for a Mode of I ,ife fo different in all its P'un^tiottt 
 from that to which they have been accuftomed, mull have made an Im- 
 prtlTiO!! on thtir Minds extremely unfavourable to the Plan laid down of 
 their becoming gradually domcfticatcd in the Settlement allotted to them. 
 The firO Thing therefore to be done, is to fet them right in Regard to the 
 ftrange and irregular Notions which have been infinuated amongft them, of 
 ferving at the Cape, and diflinftly and unequivocally to explain to them 
 the Conduft they muft purfue, and the Duties they are on their P;>rts to 
 perform within the Colony, to render His Majefty's great Benevokmcc to 
 thtm, effedual to the Ends and Purpofcs for which it is intended. 
 
 With refpeft to the Expenoe which may be incurred on their Account 
 until fuch Tin.e as they are able to provide for tliemfvlves (which you will 
 endeavour of Courfe to effed in the leall {lolRble Space of Time) the 
 Amount of it muft be defrayed by the Ifland of Jamaica, confonnably to 
 the Intention, originally cxprclTcdby its Legiflature at the Time the Maroons 
 were lent to Nova Scotia : Should the Comuiiflarv therefore, who is now 
 refidrnc within your Province for the Purpofc of defraying thoiv Expcnces, 
 and attending to the Management of the Maroons, be withdrawn, you are 
 to tjke efpecialCarc that, previous to his Departure, a proper Arrangement 
 be made for defraying the fc'xpences of the Maroons ; as no Part of the 
 Charge on their Account^ can poflibly be borne by this Country. 
 
 ■<)'^-' 
 
 {'•■ 
 
 
 .^.MiJlJ:Ll.':'.-r. 
 
 ■(■ 'TO y: 
 
 
( s ) 
 
 .. - t'-tv. Copy of a LETTER (N' ^(.)from Sir [olin Wentworth 
 '.,' -«.-■> '" ^^'^ ^^^" "f I'ortlanJi dated Halifax, Nova Scotia, 
 
 „ ..;.,., ad June 179, 
 
 '•"''■- • (Two Inclofurei.) 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, ad June noy. 
 Mv Lord Duke, 
 JN a Meeting I had with the Maroons, on the aSih May, they generally 
 cxprcflcd to nic their Apprehenfions of the Severity they \ud expe- 
 rienced of this Climate, the lall Winter and Spring ; which has indeed been 
 much longer and more rigorous than has been known fince the Settlement of 
 Halifax in the Year I749- Notwithftandin;; v/hich.they have rufTcredlefs Sick. 
 ncfs than the White Inhabitants of the Province, in Proportion to their ref- 
 
 Eeftive Numbers J and do, at this Day, exhibit great Health and Strength, 
 eyond any other People, as there arc now only One dangerous, and One 
 invalid Cafe, among Five hundred and Thirty-two Perfons, and the former 
 an old Complaint, deemed incurable in Jamaica; which is more full/ 
 explained in the Letter, herewith inclofcd, from Dr. OxUy, Surgeon of 
 His Majefty's late 96th Regiment, who had the Care of them in Jamaica 
 and on their Paffage to this Place, and at my Reijueft flill continue;, to live 
 with them as their Phyfician, being a prudent well-difpolld Man, eminent 
 in his Profefllon, kindly attached to thcfc People, and better acq ainted 
 with their Conllitutions, Habits, and Difpofitions, tlian any other Man j 
 and therefore is and ^an be peculiarly ufeful to them : Which he contents 
 to purfue, with fuch Duty and Zeal towards His Majefty's Service, that 
 I humbly hope it will recommend him to your Grace's favourable Cun- 
 fideration, in his Solicitation to be confirmed in the Rank he held in the 
 late 96th Regiment. 
 
 Imprcfled with Fears of this Climate, and that Subfiftence muft here- 
 after be obtained by Labour, and encouraged with Exp.ctations, evidently 
 fuggefted to them, that they would be removed into fome other Country, 
 where their Valour would make them happy and great, if they would fay 
 they were diffatisfied here and wiftied to be removed into a warm Country ; 
 they very naturally have expreflld fuch Sentiments to me, and 1 prom-'>d 
 to tranfmit their Requeil, as in the inclofed Paper N* 2, for His Maje'' -'s 
 'Pleafure thereupon. As lam perfeftly fatislicd that thefe People .. /, 
 fufi«rcd no real Detriment from the Climate j that they are, and will be 
 as comfortable, and in due Time as fully fttisficd as they ever can or will 
 I: /' be in any Country where War, Hunting, and iincuhivated Modes of living 
 
 is not their whole Objeft j and that they would not now have made any Re- 
 queft, had it not been for injudicious Sug^eftions ; I convinced them of 
 the Wifddm of trying another Year, when their Willies inighc be more rea- 
 fonable and merit more Confidcration. This was unanimoully approved j 
 And I truft by that Time will produce the bed EfFeft. 
 
 (B) In 
 
( 6 ) 
 
 In tlu* mean Time we arc afTiduoufly preparing more Ilouffs and other 
 Convcnii-ncus, wliich it was impolTible to prep.irc laft Scalon, anil of 
 Couili- ilu-y \stTc Iris accommoii.itcd tiian we intcntiai. 
 
 It is wiih f^ieat l'lf;iriire that I l)ig leave, with the utmoft Deference, to 
 afliirc your Gi ace that tiicfc I'fople continue to behave quietly j arc fen - 
 llbic that they receive every Kindncfs from Government and from the In- 
 habitants here i and declare a full Confidence in mc, and the creatcll Af- 
 feflion and Attachment. And alfo, that I do not find any jiilt Caufe t(» 
 alter my fiirmcr Sentiments and Expcdations rcfpefting their Rcfidcnce iti 
 this Country, alihough in the Progrcfsof their Civilization and Settlement, 
 frequent Obllruflions and Difficulties muft be expcfted to arifc, which 
 mull be combated by Prudence, Patience, Difinterellcdnefb, and firm 
 Pcrfcverancc. 
 
 Upon this Conferrnce, and on every other Intercourfe, I have made it 
 nn indifpenfable Preliminary, that they (hould faithfully and cordially con- 
 form to whatever may be His Majcfty's Commands j which they readiljr 
 agree to. 
 
 Since my laft Difpatch, (N* 44.) Mr. Qiiarrell, who has the Welfare of 
 the Maroons much at Heart, and kindly co-operates with me for their 
 true Intereil and happy K<labli(hment in this Country, has communicated 
 Jnftruftions he has receival from tiic Legiflature of Jamaica, to convey all 
 the Property appropriared by them for fettling the Maroons, to His Ma- 
 jelly for that Purpofe, on the ajd July nexr, when he propofes to fail for 
 Enpland, and to commit the whole Triift to my Direflion, until His 
 Majelly's Pleafure is further fignified. It is unavoidably necefliiry that I 
 niould therefore adminifter this important Charge accordingly. I have 
 hereupon conferred with Mr. Ouchtcrlong, who was Deputy Commifliry, 
 and has Qualifications to be ufeful ; who confents to remain with them, 
 and faithfully and cordially to ufe his utmofl Endeavours to do away any 
 improper Ideas that may have arifen, and to carry my DircAions into 
 lifl^cifl ; in which Cafe I may reprcfcnt his Services, with a juft Hope that 
 they will be grocioufly confidered. 
 
 I have the {honour to be, &c. 
 
 . . J. WENT WORTH. 
 
 His Grace the Duke 0/ PertlanJ. , 
 
 (N* I. In Sir John Wentworth's, of 3d June 1797.) 
 
 Maroon Town, 31ft May 1797. , 
 
 Sir, 
 I FIND it unnccefTary to make a particular Review of the Maroona 
 to anfwer your Enquiries refpccling their Condition as to Health. There ii 
 one Woman only, whofc SituatMMi is dangerous, and (he has been ill loog 
 before fhc left Jamaica, or I had any Concern with them » One Boy ia aUo 
 in an invalid State, and fome few of the very Old have Rheumatic Com- 
 plaints, which the increafing Warmth of the Summer will relieve T© ^ak 
 
 iu 
 
( 7 ) 
 
 in general of them at this Time, I can venture to pronounce them at 
 healthy as any Set of People on Karth. On thtir Firft lanilmp in July hft 
 Year, we met with many LofTcs, principally owing to thi ir lon(T Conrtncnicnc 
 on Board of the Ships, and the Badncfs of the Water about the Blur Bell 
 occafioned by the great Drought at that Timi-. On their Removal here,' 
 they in general recovered fait, but Come far gone, dri)pt off, inoflly Old. 
 They continued very well until February and March, when we had much Sick- 
 neft, chiefly Pleurifici and Sore Throats, but from wliitii moft of them re- 
 covered. Our Decreafc in the Whole is 19, allowing for the Children born ; 
 and there is the greateft Probability in a few Weeks, that the Excefs will 
 be 10 or I a, Thirty-two Women being now big with Child. 1 would, 
 with your PermilTiOn, recommend Inoculation in the iind of the Year, and 
 previous thereto, during the Summer Months, frequent Sea-bathing. 
 
 •*' ' • 1 have the honour to be, 
 
 J'-i &c. &c. &c. 
 
 JOHN OXLEY. 
 
 
 His ExttUtmy Sir Jtkn H^Mtwtrlh, Bart. 
 
 ij ,/'.'i'«vHi:v 
 
 (N* a. In Sir John W«ktworth'$, of ad June 1797.) 
 
 To Colonel Montague Jamis, and Captain Smith, in Behalf of 
 and for the Maroons, now rcflding at Prcflon, in the Province of 
 Nova Scotia. , . , 
 
 WHEREAS from Mifinformation, and Want of fufficient Expe- 
 rience in the Climate and Manner of Indudry, and providing Support 
 for ntnneruus Families in thit Country 1 and having been much terrified 
 and alarmed with the Length and extreme Severity of the lalt Winter, 
 from whence Apprehenfions have arifcn among you and your People, that 
 you cannot inbaoit this Country with any Comfort to your Families, and 
 are thercibre defirous that the fame (hould be reprefentcd to His Majefty, 
 together with your Requed to be removed to fome warmer Country ; but 
 that you will further reprelent your Widies on this Day Twelvemonth, 
 viz. on the 28th Day of May in the Year 179S, 10 be then tranfinitted, 
 with all poflibic Difpatch, to be laid before His Majelly for His Royal 
 Will and Pleafurc thereupon, that if it Ihould be commanded to remove 
 the Maroons from this Country, there may be Time to accomplith fuch 
 Commands before the then enfuing Winter : I will on my Part write by 
 the Princefs Royal Packet, now in this Harbour, and reprefent thefo 
 Requeds of the Maroons for His Royal Confideration : On the other 
 Part, you and each of you, arc to contiu.r to exert your bell Endeavours 
 to cultivate and improve the Buildings and Ellate whereon you now refide 
 and occupy, and that you will faithfully obey and execute my Orders and 
 DircAions in all Things. 
 
 (Signed) J. WENT WORTH. 
 
 Prefton, Nova Scotia, 
 aSth May 1797. 
 
-T'' 
 
 ( s ) 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 \ 
 
 Copy of n LK T T E R (No. 49.) from Sir John Wint- 
 woRTH, IJirr. to tlic Duke of Portlakd j dated Halifax, 
 loih July 1797. 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, loth July 1797. 
 Mv I..oRn OuKn, 
 T N ilif Dil'patrli (No. 45.) 1 h.ul the II(Miourto rcprcfent to yourfiracr, 
 tli.it I liiid .irr.tngal with Mr. Oufhterlong, Deputy Comnuffiry of Ma- 
 roons, to remain with iliciu anoilur Yeir ; But tinding that the Brncrtti 
 contcinplattd, towards I ncouraginj^ Iiuludry and other interior Regulations 
 aitionj: iliem, iiave not iicen produced, nor now leafonably expcdlcd from 
 his AtTillancc ; I have prevailed on Mr. Qi'arrcll to podpone hi» intended 
 Voyage to Jamaica for I'oine Time, and to continue his goo<i Office* among 
 thcfe People i which lit* has benevolently confentcd to, as he is humanely 
 inteiefted for the VVelfurc and happy Settlement of the Maroons in this 
 I'rovincT. Other Views and Objeits h.iving been evidently entertained 
 fince Chiiftnias laft by Mr. Oiithtcrlong, has in foitie Meafurc retarded the 
 Pi ugrefs tiiat might uthcrwifc be (<btaincd, and which we concur in Opinion 
 will proceed better when Mr. Ouchterlong is reirovcd from them. They dill 
 continue to be quiet and orderly. Buildings and other Neceflarics for their 
 Comfort arc preparing. One Family of rwenty-eight Perfons, lod by a 
 noted C.iptain, removes this Day to a feparatc EHate, at his own earned Re- 
 quert, to fettle for Life; and I havefevcral other fimilar Applications, which 
 will be acceded to, and, except a very few Families, will probably be foon 
 followed by the Remainder. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) J. WENTWORTH. 
 
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 7 '5 
 
 
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( 9 ) 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 Copy of t LETTF R from Sir Johm Whmtwohth, Baronet, 
 ro hii Grace the Duke of Portland j dated the lith Au'nift 
 
 (Two Inctefures.) 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 12th Auguft 1797. 
 My Lord, 
 \\^I T H tijc utmoft RpfpciT I bfg leave to acknowledge the Honour of 
 your Grace's I x-ttcr, (N° 25) dated Whitcliall, I2tli June 1797. 
 In obedience to yourGnice's Commands, I fhall cmbiarc an early Oppor- 
 tunity to inform the Mirooiis, that they arc no longer to cxpcil or look 
 forwanl 10 a Rtinoval from this Province. 1 .is Dctifion will liwn eradi- 
 cate the erroneous ImprflTions which have been introduced amon^ them by 
 Perlbn?, evidently defirous of getting Fofleflion of tlicfe poor People for 
 tiie Sake of the Means afforded for their Support and Settlement. From 
 this Source are the Letters from hence llcrctly written to Major Getieral 
 Walpole, and others, of unfcit Dilhsfles which the Writers taught the 
 Maroons to complain of. and afterwards exaggerated in their Defcription, 
 far beyond any Refemblance. It would too much trefpafs on your Grace's 
 highly •important Time, to delineate the unworthy Pradices ufed to difTatisfy 
 and make thefe People complain of the Climate, and to pcrfuade them 
 that a Memorial to Government would be readily acceded to, and unknown 
 Advantages would refult to them. With fuch People it is in vain to reafon. 
 In Companion, therefore, to thcfe Prejudices, to their Ignorance, and to their 
 future Comfort, I tranfmiited their Petition} fUiding they had been inlhufted 
 to refer themfelves ro a Determination from the King as a final Rule, wiiich 
 they promifcd to embrace. 
 
 As foon as the CommilTion of Mr. Quarrell .-ind Mr. O'lchterlong deter- 
 mined, I immediately appointed. Captain Howe, of the Royal Nova Scotia 
 Reciment, to take Charge of the Maroons, and to condudl their Bufincfs, 
 under my Inllruftions, in all Thingsj Lieutenant General His Koyal High- 
 nefs Prince Edward having arranged Captain Howe's Regimental Duty 
 into that Precinft, at my Requeft, as he is peculiarly qualified for that 
 Service, and is aided therein by his Military Authority. I cannot better 
 dcfcribe this Gentleman's Character, than is done by Mr. Quarrell's Letter, 
 N* I J nor the State of the Maroons more cxaftly than in Captain Howe's 
 Anfwer, N* 2; herewith inclofed: Both of which were entirely without my 
 Knowledge, until handed to me by Mr. Qturrell. From the Time Cap- 
 tain Howe went to, and Mr. Ouchterlong left them, they ate giving up the 
 foolifh Ideas that had in fomc Degree retarded their Progrefs in Cultiva- 
 tion and Settlement, notwithllanding fome Letters received from London, 
 
 (C) the 
 
T-v;,-^^ 
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 ^]■^e 7;Ii Inflanr, by thofe who hail promiff.I to remove them, written with 
 l.iniiTit;ib!y niil"gui(.it.\i Zi-al, :i:id from Mativt-s ot Humanity were (boa 
 iUHJ Itcritlv conveyed to tla-m. Mr. Oucliurlons; in a few Days di-paris 
 •from tiiis Country j and I am convinced the l'eo)iie thcmfelvcs will be not 
 only more happy and comfortable, but rejoice in his Abfcncc. 
 
 Before Mr. Qtiarrell departs, I fliall take Care to obtain from Iiim every 
 Mcalure in his Power, tliat the Ifland of Jamaica fliall continue to provide 
 for the Expence of fettling and ertabliftiing the Maroons as long and as 
 amply as iheir Circumftancis may fairly require. He concurs fully in the 
 JulUce and Wifdom of Inch Arrangement, and does not admit a Doubt 
 but that the Government there will ilill provide for this Meafiire, which is 
 of fiich efllntial Service to the Credit, Safety, and Value of Property of 
 the Ifland, and which they themfelves proceeded upon of their own Accord, 
 and without any previous Communication or Notice whatever. 
 
 By fomc Miftakc, Mr. Quarrell*!! late Bill, as Commiflary in Behalf 
 and on A ccov^t of the Ifland of Jamaica, on Meflrs. Milligan and Mit- 
 chell of Londcin, arc returned protcflcd, as they had required Ninety Days 
 more than the Ufance of the Lills. To remedy tliis, and flill caufe the 
 Expenditure to be carried on, on account of and from the Grants maOe by 
 the Ifland of Jamaica, a conflderable Part of which is yet undrawn when 
 thele Bills arc pai', I have indorfed Mr. Quarrell's Bills, amounting to 
 j(;. 6,050. 4J.8(/. Sterling; and 1 have prornifcd that in cafe of Rcfufal 
 at MclFrs. Milligan and Mitchell's, they might be prefented for Payment 
 at llis Majefty's Treafury. Without this Mode of Credit, Mr. Quarrell 
 could not fulfil his Engagements, nor carry on the daily Subfiftencc and 
 Ntceflaries of the People, and I muft have been indifpenfably obliged to have 
 provided for the Emergency, conformable to your Grace's InJlruftions on 
 their Arrival here. I have every Rcafon to believe thefe Bills will be duly 
 paid. I , however, a great Difcredit and confiderable Lofs to the Ifland, 
 that Bills due and d>^awn on ticir Account fliould be protcflcd. 
 
 As the whole Expenditure will now pafs under my own Controul and 
 Direction, I fliall not fail to iiavc it done in the fairtft and moll diftinft 
 Manner, and, exj rifsly, foKly upon the Account of the Ifland of Jamaica « 
 wi.ercto Accounts fliall be carciuUy tranfmittcd, and alfo Copies for your 
 Grace's Infonnation. 
 
 1 have the Honour, &c. 
 (Signed) J. \V E N T W O R T H. 
 
 liu Grace the Duke ef Portland, idc.i^e. tfr. 
 
( >« ) 
 
 (N"" I. In Sir John Wentwor rii's, of tlie 12th Angiifl 1797.) 
 
 Dartmouth, 8th AuguJl 1797. 
 De\r Sir, 
 
 A S I liave Ibmc Rcga'-i for your Opinion refpcfting the Settlement 
 of the Maroons in Nova Scotia, I take tlie Liberty of offering to your 
 •Confidcration foxe Qjjeries, whicii, I muft candidly tell you, I wi(h to 
 tranfiiiit with your Anfwers to England, if you will permit to me. When 
 it is known the Charge of the Maroons is in your Hands, under the 
 general Direflion of Sir Jolin Wcntworth, the Public of Jamaica, and 
 thofe concerned therein refident in England, will learn with Pleafure it is 
 in the Hands of a Man of no inconfiderahle Knowledge of the World, 
 but more particularly of Nova Scotia and Jamaica, where a great Portion 
 of your Life has been fpent i and that particularly from your long Rcfidencc 
 m the latter, and Knowledge of a confiderable Part of the Maroons and 
 the Maroon Country, you reafonably may be fuppofed to have as great an 
 Influence over then as moil Men can have ; befides the further Advantages 
 looked for from your hiving fettled Farms from the Woods here, an4, 1 
 learn, as competent as any Man in this Colcny, as a Cultivator, your Si- 
 tuation as a rcfpcdable and ufeful Member cf the Legiflature, and many 
 other Confidcrationt, enable nr>e with Pleafure to mention your Name among 
 thofc, to many of whom you are no Scrangcr, and announce your uking 
 upon youriclf an Oflice, which I do not flatter you in faying there is no 
 Man here At for but yourfelf. 
 
 Q^ !• Is it your Opinion that the Maroons <;an be fettled and difpofed 
 of in Nova Scotia ? 
 
 Q^ 2. Is the Climate lefs tolerable to thofc than other Blacks ? 
 
 <J;^ 3. Docs it appear they can and will work, if encouraged r 
 
 Q. 4. What appears to have influenced them againft fettling and 
 providing for their own Comfort ? 
 
 Your anfwering the above after due Deliberation, and Permiflion to 
 forward the fame with this to Mr. Scwell, our Agent, will greatly oblige 
 
 1 
 
 , J- . ''v: . 
 
 Yours, &c 
 (Signed) W. D. QU AR R E L L. 
 
 ^■■« ' Us'' 
 
 ". '-'■J' 
 
 
( '2 ) 
 
 (N' 2. In Sir John Wentworth's, 12th Auguft 1797.) 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Maroon Hall, 9th Auguft 1797. 
 
 HAVING been honoured with your Letter of the 8th Inftant, I 
 thank you for the good Opinion you exprefs of my Capacity to execute 
 The important Triift 10 which I have the Honour to be appointed by his 
 Excellency Sir John Wcntworth. No Doubt my local Knowledge of this 
 Country, and Acquaintance with the Situation of the Maroon Settlements 
 in foir.e Parts of Jamaica, and a general Knowledge of that Ifland, will be 
 of cflTential Ufe to the Service in which I am employed (I hope) for the Be- 
 nefit of the Maroons. 1 have the Satisfaftion to tell you, I have Kcafon 
 to think I poflefs a confidcrable Portion of the Confidence and Regard 
 of the Maroons entrufted to my Care : I lh<ll ufe neither, but for their 
 Benefit and riappincfs. 
 
 The Confidence his Excellency Sir John Wentworth has repofcd in 
 me, on this and many other Qccafions, will from Principles of Gratitude 
 to him, as well as a Regard for my own Honour ; ftimulatc every Faculty I 
 },offcfs to meet his Willies and gain his Approbation of my Conduft, with 
 refptft to the Objecfls to be purfufd. I have lively Hopes that thofe con- 
 cerned for the Interefts of the IDand of Jamaica, will have no Caufc to 
 difapprove his Excellency's good Opinion of my Zeal, in the Exertion 
 of my beft Abilities for the IntcidU 1 am appointed to fupport. 
 
 Your Queries I will anfwer with Candour, and from the bell Opinion 
 I hive been able to form. To your Firft, " / am ofOpiuioH that the Maroons 
 " can l>e Jet tied and difpcfed of in hova Siotia." Occafional Gifts of warm 
 Cloathing and Shoes for a few Years, Provifions for a limited Time, 
 and an Extention of this Indulgence in particular Cafes, with all Farming 
 and Gardening Utenfils, will naturally be fuppofcd requifite: It would be 
 fo, go where they would. It is not in the Firft, Second, or Third Year, 
 that Men with large Families of fmall Chiiilren, without Funds, can fup- 
 port themfcives and Families in Iny new Country, however great their 
 Induftry. It will take confidtrable Time before all their neceflary Wants 
 can be fupplied from their own Labour, however prolific the Soil. Lands 
 can be procured in this Province, of excellent Qi^iaiity, and in any Quan- 
 tity, by Grant, Efchcat, or light Purchafcs; aud there is no Doubt in my 
 Mind, that with the above Aids, they would be comfortably fettled and 
 difpofed of in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Many Black People are now in this Country, well fettled, and living 
 at their Eafe, with their lamilies on their own Lands, with large Slocks 
 of Cattle, who began Thirteen Years ago with nothing but their 
 own Labour, and an Allowance of Proviliuns from His Majcfty for a 
 linoited Time, to depend upon. Others reliding in Uie Towns, or in the 
 
 Country 
 
C '3 ) 
 
 f^u"""^^',"""^'''''' ''* ^^- ' "■■ Labourers, under mild Servitude and 
 Jibcral Wages (indeed !•! than in any other Part of the World.) 
 
 The Influence of Tho.nui Peters among the Black People who came to 
 this Province at the Clofe of the laft War ; the Attachment of the Blacks 
 to the Whole extent of thrir Families, impJling them always to aft to- 
 gether, and even to confiJcr as One Family thofe who came from the 
 fame Country or Prrvincc; an injudicious and tinjuft Mode of afllgning 
 them their Lan.ls j the ivhoU Mmiagmenl of them throughout the Pro- 
 vince on their Kirit Arrival in t!;is Colony, by the fevera! A;;ents em- 
 ployed by the Loyalifts, toRcther with the great Advanta^res and AHurcments 
 held our to them by the Company, wire the real Caules of fo many re- 
 moving to Sierrc Leonne: The Removal did not arilc from any 'other 
 Laujti. I was employed by the late Governor Parr, to alTjil their Re- 
 moval from the County of Annapolis, and was perfeftly well acquainted 
 wiih their Motives. Many of thefc Unfortunates, I am afraid, repent leav- 
 ing this Country, even though they laboured under fome difagreeable Cir- 
 tiumftances with rcfjxjft to their Lands. This much I fay on this Sub- 
 ject, to (how that ihc Removal of thefc People did proceed, not from the 
 Difficulty of fettling and difpofing of them in this ProWnec, but tiie neg- 
 lecting lo do it properly, with othir Caufis. 
 
 To vour Second Querc — I cannot fuppofe that this Climate can be " lejs 
 tolerable to th' Maroons than to any other Blacks." — Many of the Blacks now 
 fettled here, came from the warm fultry Climates of Virginia, the Two Ca- 
 rolinas, Georgia, and the Two Floridas. It is well known that the Heat 
 of thefc Countries is as intenfe, and in fome Places as continued, as it is in 
 Jamaica in its warmeft Parts. 1 hofe People here enjoy perfeft Health, arc 
 indudtious, hardy, and frugal, and now form, in many Paris of this Province, 
 (he principal Sources for Labour and Improvement. 
 
 I think, th.iT in a little Time the Maroons will bear this Climate better 
 than other Blacks. Except Three Months in the Year, which may be 
 made very tolerable to them by warm Haufes and large Fires, I do not 
 think the DifFsrence of the Climate greater between the Mountains of Ja- 
 maica aad Nova Scotia, for Nine Months of our Common Scafons, than it 
 is between tlie Mountains and Kingfton, Spanifli Town, Uld Harbour, 
 Withy Wood, Savana-la-mar, and the Sea Coad of Saint Thomas in the 
 Lad. I have been in ilic Blue Mountains (and at fome of the Maroon 
 Towns, when I have for many Days been glad of the Comfort of a warm 
 Fjrc (luring the Day and Night, and fcveril -A'ar.n Blankets on my Bed. 
 At Mr. Wttlfcr's at Cold Spring, and at Chcftcr Vale, Two Miles beyond 
 U, Chtttincys are in the Houfcs as chey are here. * That this Climate is 
 
 # 
 
 * European VtgetablfJ grow on the Mountains of Jamaica, bac'* of Cold Spring, in as 
 ^igli PrrftAion as ever I faw in any Climate i v«. Carrots, Ptrl'nips, Beats, Potatoes, Cab- 
 bage, Lettuce, Ac. tec. and alfj very fine A pples, with whi-ii I have fecn Treea loaded 
 faiticularly at Mr. Smiih'i Mcuntain, 
 
 (D) 
 
 not 
 
■f^ 
 
 ( H ) 
 
 nr.' injiui(ni3 to their ticakh, is cvicU*nt from their prefent Situation, none 
 biini (as 1 iinderft:".nil) ill, but fuch as brought their Difurders with thtm. 
 Tiic Deaths that have happened in this Province amongll tiie Maroons, has 
 been owins^ to a long Paflagej the Number of Births lately, has nearly 
 made the Number equal, and in a few Weeks will probably exceed the 
 N jmbcr embarked at Jamaica. Thefe are Circumftances, Sir, that may 
 be better known to you tlian myfelfj but among lb many People in rheir 
 native Climate, old and yo'jng, I never faw, in any Part of the World, 
 more Health and Iclii Dilealc. 
 
 Your Third Q^iere I can anfwer from Experience, " thiU they will work if 
 OHcuraged." A Proof is, that I have, on Application, given PaflTes to a great 
 many wi.o have er.gaged thcmlclves to labour for fcveral Gentlemen at 
 Halifax, by the Week, and by the Month. Many are employed about the 
 Country, and get high Wages tor clearing Land, making Hay, driving 
 Carts, and various other Labours. I find no Difliculty to get as many 
 Maroons to labour as I want, at very low Wages, to make Bricks, dig 
 Cellars, carry Stones, hoe Potatoes, make Hay, or do any Thing I direft 
 tJum to do. The Induftry of the Woincn, Boys, and Girls, in gathering 
 Strawbcrties and Rafpbcrrics, has been unremittcil. They carry them to 
 Halifax, with a Certainty of felling them at a good Price there, by making 
 Ml ncv to fupply ihcmfelves with many Comforts, not provided for by die 
 F.llaWKhmenr. Many of the Men arc anxious to have their Portion of 
 I ,and laid out for them, that they may know ibtir own Labour will be for 
 tjieii own future Benefit ; and have themfclvcs adopted an Idea, that Negro 
 Yams (their favourite Food) will grow as it docs in their Settlements in 
 Jamaica, among their early Indian Corn ; a Hint I mean to improve j and to 
 forward which, his Excellency Sir John Wemworth has fent to Jamaica 
 for Half a Ton of thole Yams, ti» get into tiie Seed and try the Ex- 
 pcrimcnr. The Eiift Objeft in my View, after my coming on the a :d 
 July, was, by the Governor's Delire and Approbation, to give In- 
 lirudions to a Surveyor, for the Purpofc of laying out Lots for the Ma- 
 roons, as far as the Land purchafed was good, adigning the worlt and 
 Icall cultivatable for common Pallure, to which Purpofe it is very com- 
 petent. But the Rains have been fo inceflant ever fince, that 1 cannot 
 tairy this Meafure into Effeft, may be for fome Days. Some Families that 
 have plinttd Potatots about their Houfcs, have kept them in good Order, 
 and ain.olt all the F"amilies have tolerable Cabbages growing, and exprefs 
 Sorrow that they had not this Spring made their Gardens more exttnfivc, 
 feeing the grtat Profit made by their Produftions at Halifax Market, and 
 they not able to avail themfilves of it, from their Want of timely Exer- 
 tion. The Caufc of their not fetting out with a good Inclination to work, 
 was not certainly from Incapability on their Part; but moll undoubtedly 
 from fomc Influence, which taught them to expeft Advantages from fuch 
 Backwardncis, to promote either their own general Views, or perhaps the 
 partitidar ones of the moll dt/igi ing among them. The Arrival of the 
 Maroons in this Count:y, aftir a long Voyage, fickly, driven from the Place 
 of their Nativity ; no Preparation for their immediate Reception ; fuddeH 
 Purchafcs obhgid to be made to procure Houfes habitable for them ; every 
 
 INng 
 
 
( ts ) 
 
 Tbittg at firfl: confpircti, with the longcft and fevered Winter known In this 
 Country within the Memory of Man, to hurt and dcpiefs the Profpijas 
 bflure them. 
 
 They now fee we have our Share of warm, and a long Continuance of 
 comfortable Weather} Preparations making, as faft as pofTihle, for ihcir 
 Accommodation, by the ercdling of Six large commodious Houles, and a 
 well-planned large School Houfe for them. Theft Attentions will cheer 
 their future Hopes, and give every Reafon to expcft, that the Experience 
 of this Year will excite ihem to labour for thcmfclves hereafter } every 
 Propenfity to which I (hall endeavour to promote, by the Aflignment of 
 Lands, Example, and Inftrudion. 
 
 Your Fourth Quere— " fVbat appears to have iufiumctd than againftjeltling 
 and providing for their cwn Comfort r" can better be anfwered by thofc 
 who were in the Habit of being with them from their Ariival, and ob- 
 ferving the Condudl of your Affiftant towarvis them, to the Day that 1 
 took Pofll'fTion of my Charge ; I can repeat nothing but from Hearfa^. and 
 that I would not choofe to do. The Hrft Time 1 ever faw the Maroons, 
 and the only Time previous to my coming here to attend you for One Week, 
 before the asnd July, was in your Company, fometime in April lad, when 
 Colonel Leonard was alfo here. The Maroons then ("I believe by a Delegate) 
 cxpreflTcd great Diflatisfaftion at the Coldncfs of the Winter, and alio l.iid 
 fome Strefs on the little Probability there was before thini, to maintain 
 their Families by their Labour, particularly fucli as had Three cr four Itiz-es 
 with Children by each. Thefc were the only fpecijie lieajons afligned. All 
 the Reft only went to general Objeftions to any cold Climate, and a 
 wi(h to be removed to a warm one. They had not then experienced a 
 Summer here j they had not feen Indian Corn come to Ferfedion ; they had 
 not an Idea the cold Weather was ever to ceafe ; in (hort, it appeared to 
 them, that no Place or Situation in the habitable Globe, was wiiat they 
 meant except a Return to their own Country under the Capitulation. 
 When they were told that was never by them to be iooi^ed for, they then 
 expreflfed a Wifli to go to any Country of a fimilar Climate with the one 
 they had left. Their Reafons, their Arguments, and Opinions, appeared 
 to me to have been long ftudied. And they were all colkckd in a Body ac 
 the Houfe, that they might have an Opportunity of exprefTiiiti them 
 before the then Company, for (to me) fome latent Purpofc. This Obfer- 
 vation ftruck me, and I believe One or Two other Gendemen at the fame 
 Time. 
 
 I alfo know, thar One or Two Families who did work by planting Po- 
 tatoes, &c, at Cold Harbmir, have told me, that they had made themlclves 
 obnoxious to Ibmc of the leading People among the Maroons, and that 
 they had been much difcouraged and fcverely treated by Mr, Ouchterlongj 
 and that much Difcouragement was thrown on the r Exertions, by know- 
 ing that Mr. Oui hterlong did not wilh they Ihould work. 
 
 The Difpofition I find in the Maroons, fo far as I can judge, indicates 
 a Praftability which may, and 1 hope will be guided to ufeful Labour. 
 Many have a Turn for Trade, and pradifc it among themlclves. Many 
 
 (E) of 
 
( 16 ) 
 
 of the Younger Part are difpofcd to go to Service by the Month, but none 
 arc inclined to feparatc from their Families, or be at any Dillance from the 
 irain Body of their People. 
 
 I have the Honour to be, with the greated Regard, 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 •■' •' : - ; '- . . Your nrtoft obedient humble Servant, 
 • *^ ; ^ (Signed) ALEX* HOWE. 
 
 .« :< ^ .'"ii'l 
 
 • I ... 
 
 W. D. ^arrell, E/quirt. ,.•.;: -if " ,^w(f ,•!;- ' 
 
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 ^■J. 
 
 ( 17 ) 
 
 
 (N" S3-) 
 
 -¥,; 
 
 .^•■' 
 
 N° 6. 
 
 Extraft of a LETTER from Sir John Wbntworth to the 
 Duke of Portland -, dated i Jalifax, Nova Scotia, 4th No- 
 , vcmbcr 1797. 
 
 (One Inclofure.) 
 
 'T'HE Maroons improve in their CohcUk^ ; and I truft will gradualljr 
 forget the Impredmns made on their inexperienced and violent Minds 
 • by intcreftcd and ill-dilpolld Fcrfons. Thi-y are healthy and increafe, as 
 appears by the Phyfician's Report herewith inclofed. Nor have they a 
 Tingle Complaint to offer. Thole that were taught to them heretofore, now 
 diminilh j and then.ild pleafant Weather of this Autumn fatisfics them that 
 they can be comfortable. It is much to be rc^itcicd th:it the Ifland of Ja- 
 maica has not taken effcftual Meafurcs for Favmciit of (he Bills drawn 
 by Mr. Qu-irrcll for their Support. The Biil-hoidns decl'nc confcntint', 
 to his Return to Jamaica j and the Refiifal of his Drafts has fo effectually 
 fufpended his Credit, that he could not obtain any Money or Supplies for 
 them, neither would anv I'erlon take his IMIs on any Terms. I have 
 therefore been unavoidably ncceflitaced to conduct tliii Service, and draw 
 Bills on Mcffrs. Milligan and Mitchell, on account of the Ifland of Ja- 
 maica, referring them, in cafe of Difficul:y, to the Lords Commiffioner!i of 
 His Majcfty's Trcafury. By this Mode, the Ifland will pay in the Firll 
 Inftance, and according to their Engagements, or be uhi:r.attly refponfible 
 for it. Mr. Quarrcll feels hiinfcK much injured by the Diflionour to his 
 Bills, and (Itll more fo in the confcquent Detention from his i\ffairs in 
 Jamaica. 
 
 (N* I. In Sir John Wintworth's, of 4th November 1797.) 
 
 A RETURN of Sick and Number of Maioons, from the ift Oftobcr 
 to the ill of November 1797. 
 
 Nimei. 
 John Linton - 
 
 Bcffy Sewell - 
 
 Difcafci. 
 
 - Confumptive and fick be- 
 
 fore he came to Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 - Scrophulous Swellings in 
 
 the Neck, and Con- 
 i'umptivc. 
 
 Dead. 
 
 Total in Hofpital ... 
 Increafe in Births fince hd Return 
 Total Number of Maroons 
 
 2. 
 5- 
 
 (Signed) JOHN OX LEY, Surgeon.