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It is a matter of surprise to read such fallacious statements, when one thinks that they are inimical to the first commercial treaty sub- mitted to the assent of the Canadian parliament since Confederation, and one which aflFects our future commercial intercourse with the greatest importing country after Great Britain. The opponeints of this treaty, without taking into account the mutual concessions made by the negociating parties, keep to one argument only : the loss in the revenue of custom duties by both countries. Then, it should be said that a protectionist country making a commercial agreement with another nation must exact greater advantages from this nation if its tariff is higher. A more absurd proposition cannot be advocated. It must be borne in mind that the loss in custom duties was never but a secondary consideration in the Conferences held between the represent- atives of the two nations. They meant to increase as much as possible the commercial intercourse between both countries in the products they can exchange. France said to Canada : My imports of lumber amount to sixteen millions, and you only sell me for $158,717 of your lumber ; but I am willing to place your lumber under the minimum tariflF, which will enable you to compete successfully with the countries already enjoying the same privileges and to do so more advantageously with the countries submtted to the maximum tariff. Canada having one taiiff only, could not answer in the same strain, nor make the same offer. Consequently she said to France : ' ' We will decrease the duties on certain wines and other articles produced by you under favotable circumstances ; and you will be able to increase your imports into our country." -ft Such are the bases of the treaty, and, to answer those who claim that our plenipotentiaries have made an unfavorable agreement, we need only to glance at the actual transaction.s between thet wo countries as regards the class of goods mentioned in the treaty : Statement ^«/«/ar/j /■«/(? Canada of French goods included in the treaty ^ showing the loss of custom duties implied by the adoption of such treaty. Import!. Wines 1161,848 Sparkling wines 160,785 Nuts, Almonds 330,005 Prunes 66,329 Common soaps 48,650 Castile do I9i8ii $685,333 Loss of duties on similar goods im- ported from other countries ... Total Prom France. Loss of duti on French imports. 1100,780 •37.7H 48,422 3,681 27 11,891 150,234.00 4i,3>3<» 1,780.00 118.00 3.50 3,566.00 l3oi,5" |8 1, 032.50 71,916.00 1152,938.00 On the other hand our exports to France are so small that it has not been deemed advi.sable to make a detail list of them in this pamphlet. It was as follows in the year 1892-93 as regards the products included in the treaty : Products of fisheries |i34,8oi " of forests 110,248 " of animals ',326 Agricultural products 1,400 $a3T»775 Now it will be easy to establish what advantages we .ire likely to derive from the treaty, Canada will abolish part of the duties of our tariff on products imported, by us to the total amount of $685,333, ^"t of which only $301,512 worth are imported from France. Thus, in dimi- nishing the duties we confer no special favor on French exporters in regard to the competition against them by other countries. The treaty will only enable them — as also exporters from other countries — to increase their sales in Canada. It i.s real by important for France only as promoting the sale of French wines in our country. Every one must confess that we are giving France but little. Let us now see what we are receiving from France. France concedes to Canada the benefit of the minimum tariff on goods im- ported by French people to the extent of $38, 765,000, thus enabling Canadian exporters to compete on equal terms with some nations and discrimi- nating in their favor as regards some other nations. To-day we only seii to the French people $237,775 worth out of those 38 millions ; the United States, out of those 38 millions sell for $3,347,365. What a magnificent market or Canada is to be found in such a country, importing 38 millions, worth of goods so abundant in Canada that our sales of them amount to 47 mil- lions! (^See table B page ) ~8 — rho claim , we need as regards the treaty, Uy. )f duties rench >orts. 23400 J13.00 780.00 118.00 a. 50 566.00 022.50 ,916.00 ,938.00 : it has not nphlet. It ided in the re likely to ties of our 85.333. but us, in dimi- :s in regard will only their sales ; the sale of are giving >m France. i goods im- ig Canadian discrimi- only £eli to the United cent market lons, worth to 47 mil- - But — without conceding this — let ua suppose that we were only to compete on the French market again.st the Americans for our share of the $3,347,365 worth of goods exported by them ; that sum would mostly come to us, because our exporters woulJ enjoy the benefit of a treaty not enjoyed by their American competitors. Such are tlie concessions made by Canada to France, and by Fr&nce to Canada ; and it is only necessary to enumerate them to show conclusively that our representatives have secured from France far more than what was given by them in return. But we do not pretend to say that the French plenipotentiaries were beaten. Such is not our opinion. We think that France is really desirous to advance the commercial relations of her people with a progressive country, whose resources, private as well as public, are rapidly developing, and that the French Commissioners in granting such good terms to Canada wish to enable Canadians to compete with other countries under the most favorable nation clause so as to bring them in closer relations with French merchants. CANADIAN GOODS IMPORTED IN FRANCE. In the mean time it is a great mistake to imagine that our trade with France must be limited to the products mentioned in the treaty. They form a very important part indeed of our trade with French people, but only a very modest part of the possible commercial intercourse between the two countries. The French tariif contains three very distinct schedules of duties : 10. Goods subject to the maximum or minimum tariff according as they come from a country having or not a treaty with Prance. And the object of the actual treaty was to have a certain number of our products placed on the list of the minimum tariff. 20. Goods admitted in franchise without duties, for which the French market is open to us as well as to all nations. 30. Goods subject to one and the same tariff, for which also the French market is open under the same conditions to all nations. In«this latter class are included most all the agricultural products, a fact ignored by the papers which denounced the Canadian Commi.ssioners for not having inserted in the treaty a clause relative to grain, animals, etc. For instance, France imported, in 1892, lard from the United States and trom Italy, two countries having no treaty with her, and also from Belgium, a country enjoying the benefit of a treaty with France. All that imported lard paid a uniform duty of $2.90 per 220 lbs, for the simple reason that lard imported in France must pay the same duty, wherever imported from. The same argument applies to grain, fresh meat, living animals, etc., etc. In order to establish the importance of the French market for our country, La Presse prepared a table showing the value of goods imported by France and being products that Canada could export. (See page Table A). — 4 In view to be under the truth we have only inserted in this table — out- side of the products named in the treaty — those products actually on the list of our exports. What do we find in this table? We find that in 1893 Prance has im- ported for $388,194,308, of which $47,000,000 from the United States, of goods that we Canadians are in a position to export in Prance, as our exports of the same in other countries than Prance amounted to $80,414,- 335. It is useless to say, as some have said, that the custom duties in Prance are so high that it makes it impossible for us to send any of our products in that country. The amount of Prench imports shows that such a statement is a ridiculous one. Notwithstanding her high tariff. Prance imports for 288 millions of dol- lars, worth of goods produced in Canada and exported by us in other countries, and by the treaty we are allowed to furnish Prance with those goods under as favorable conditions as the most favored nations presently selling the same to France. There are also many other products not mentioned in this table simply because they are not to be found in the list of our exports, or because being subject in Prance to different duties they were not entered in the treaty, although they could have figured in this table. Por instance Prance buys from Germany and Belgium for one million dollars of tobacco certainly not as good as our Canadian tobacco. Prance also imports for five million dollars of linseed, partly from the United States ; for $200,000 of clover and grass seeds of which more than half are bought in the United States ; for $200,000 of blueberries entered in franchise. Moreover, the maximum tariff does not always deter the United States from sending to Prance certain products, even when they are obliged to compete with the products of other nations paying only the minimum tariff. Thus the United States exported to France more than half the clover and grass seed, imported by the latter country in 1892, notwith- standing that they had to pay r ■ those seeds a duty of $60. per ton against $50. paid by more favored countries. As to agricultural implenients the imports jf France in 1892 were 5,000 tons, of which 2,304 tons werfe bought from the United States, although the American exporters were compelled to pay a duty of $30 per ton, whilst other countries were paying only $18 per ton. « The United States in the same manner exported to Prance $80,000 worth of ship machinery ; $45,000 worth of sewing machines subject to the maximum tariff and competing with countries enjoying the minimum tariff, although the difference between the two tariffs is from $12 to $30. It was necessary to briefly mention these particulars, in order to show what diflficulties the Canadian Commissioners had to overcome, the ability displayed in surmounting them and the great advantages obtained for Canada by this treaty. Canada had but very little commercial relations with France ; trading with Prench people only in a very limited number of products, mainly in lumber. It was consequently necessary to obtain, in the treaty, special export facilities concerning those products exported to Prance by the United States, and produced and exported by our country. To illustrate the marked success of the Canadian Commissioners, it needs only to make a summary of Table A, adding also a few figures to those published in said table. — 6 — Showing the exports of the United States to France, clasiiified a cording the different Srhedules of the French Tariff. ■» Products subject to thk maximum and minimum bchrduiS, 290.303 11:1' they - the liich pro- iiied The Canadian Cotnmissioners had but very Uttle to offer for w were asking from France ; nevertheless they were able to secure foi 1 benefit of France's minimum tariflf for 18 classes of goods, of FVance imports for more than 38 millions of dollars, goods that may !» duced iu Canada as cheaply as in any other country, as can be ascert by a glauce at our present exports of the same. We find that the Canadian Commissioners have left out of the 1 1 < ;ity only .six classes of goods exported by the United States — it was nece.ss;i: \ to make a choice — goods that Canada can partly produce under the sani con- ditions as our neighbors and export to France with equal advantage. Before concluding it is advisable to answer the most important crilii isms of the opponents to this treaty. THE DIRECT LINE. It is not our intention to dwell at any length on the question of 1 sub- sidy to a direct line of steamers between France and Canada. Such ;i line is not even mentioned in the treaty, and the statement made by Lord 1 )ufferin and Sir Charles Tupper and annexed to the treaty cannot bind the government further than the terms of the act of 1889, which is anterior to the treaty. -.6 — TIIK RUCIPROCITY CLAUSKiJ. These two clauses are as follows : Artici.U 2. Any cotnuicroial advantage K^^'ited by Canada to any thini Power, especially in tariff matters, shall Ik; enjoyed lully by France, Algiers and the I'reiich colonies. Ahticlk 3. It is understand that the advantage of any reduction of duty granted by France to any other Power on any of the articles enumerated (in the treaty) shall be extended fully to Canada. The opponents to the treaty interpret those two sections as follows : " The representatives of Canada sacrificed our interests when they compelled us to gni'it to France the benefit of all reductions that should be made to our tariff, as France, in return, only biiuls herself to grant any reduction of her tariff on Canadian products mentioned in the treaty." This would be correct if Canada were granting some special advantage.^ to France ; but we have granted to France no such advantages. The French plenipotentiaries were quite aware that the reductions emimerated in the treaty A-ould be pr()fitai)le to oilier countries, and in return they ask that reductions made subsequently by Canada to other countries must be extended to France. Those two sections might l)e transformed into the following one with- out altering the present di.spositions of the treaty : A// the privileges frranted to I'ranee in the present treaty icill be granted to other countries alike, and all privileges granted subsequently by Canada to other countries will be extended to France. The two sections thus denounced and termed '' The reciprocity clauses," have no other meaning than what is expressed in the above lines. As to the fear that these clauses will prevent Canada from making a treaty of reciprocity with the United vStates, it is sufficient to say that the present agreement with France may be terminated at twelve months, notice, and that any kind of treaty with our neighbors will take more than twelve months to draft. THE WOODKN SKA-GOING SHIPBUILDERS' BOUNTY. The bounty allowed to the shipbuilders amounted to 20 francs per ton before the new French tariff of 1892, but was increased to 40 francs per ton by a law dated January 30th 1893. That increase in the bounty was the consequence of the increase in the cost of materials due to the changes made in the French tariff in the year 1892. Consequently the Canadian ship- builders cannot be affected by it. Moreover the commissioners for Canada were perfectly aware of such an increase of bounty, the treaty having been signed as late as February 6th 1893, that is to say a week later than the promulgation of the law just alluded to. THE WINE INDUSTRY IN CANADA. The wineproducers of Canada will suffer nothing by the increased im- ports ot French wines ; nay, that increase in the imports of wine will give — 7 our wines more value, in developing the ta^^te for wine and curtailing the couHuniption of alcohol, two phenomena from which the wineproducers of Canada will he the fuNt to derive profits. Besides, they have not produced n single docunjeiit of some importance, nor any statistical record to show cause why they shoulil ask the rejectionof the Kranccj-Canadian treaty. They felt satisfied with (pioliii^ the " Keporl of the Select Slaiidinn Committee on A);ricullure and Colonisation for iSi>i " (pa^esi;(), iod and \i\i,) and they annexed to their petition the vahmblr slatisiia prepared hy Mr. (ieorge Raines, of .St. Catharine. The Report presented to the Select Standing Committee on Ax;ricnlture and Colonisation contains such a number of mistakes and blunders that it is hinlly possii)!e to look at it as a serious document. Theantlior talksof V'evay, in Swit/.eriand, as one of the wine producing; centres of Ivuropo, when the district of \'aud has only i'^,, wsla already plunderin ■ Mie vineyards in M.s^. Hut wiiere the petition is most j^rossly misleading is wh'" the wiiie- growersof the province of Ontario, with the Iiope of justifying tli'-ir opposition to the treaty, claim that their products are similar, as to< .ii^'in, to the I'rench wines. They support their op|)ositit)n to this ])art of the above men- tioned Report in wh'oh the author, spvaking of the large area in Ontario jilanted with Concord vines, affirms that the vineyards of France destroj'ed by phyl oxera have been replanted with Concord vines with si<,h <^it'al siiarss that they are lihely to become the f>rincif>al vines in the world fo*' the production of claret. As many mistakes as words. The Concord vint-s have been rejected by French vine i^rowers, because they are not sufficiently refractory to phylloxera and produce a wine tasting of musk. The Ameri'-an varieties of vines mostly used in Kurope are the Jacquez, Riparia and Her- beuiont, but not in the least the Concord. Such blunders oh the part of the author of the Report are utterly in* excu.sable. Mr. Raines' calculations — which are nothing more than probabilitie.s — are based on the supposition that the vineyards of the province of Ontario contain 4,038,000 vines, whilst the Industrial Office of Ontario, in its Inilletin No. 92, published in 1894, sets down the luunlier of vine plants to 3,006,682, of which 2,223,282 only arc bearing jilant. All the probable calculation.s made by Mr. Raines and based on the suppo.sed existence of vineyards containing 4 millions of vine plants must consequently be rejected to the extent of nearl> 50 p. c. , in taking for a basis the Ontario Govern ment's official statistics. The fact is this : owners of vineyards in the province of Ontario cultivate vines for the production of table grapes and very few of them care for making wine. ■ In conclu.sion, we may be allowed to say that the wine-producers of the province of Ontario have themselves acknowledged that the Franco-Cana- _8 — dian treaty could not injuie their business, when they declare, in their petition to parliament, that : " The supply of Canadian wines, whether dry or sweet, is equal to the demand, and they are sold at a cheaper price than the same quality of wines are sold in Europe. " CHEESE. The insertion of cheese in the treaty rests with the Canadian govern- ment, which can place that product of ours in the treaty, if they are willing to make a reduction in duties imposed on "paintings, engravings, designs, architectural plans". That reduction would entail a lo.ss in the revenue of about $3,500 ; but it would give us an opportunity to take a share of the 4 million dollars, worth of cheese imported by France and also to try the manufacture of Gruy&re, Dutch and Gorgonzola cheese, three classes of cheese exported to the extent of 120,000,000 lbs by the three countries where thej' are manufactured. BUTTER. The Canadian Commissionners were blamed for not having included butter in the treaty and having thus closed the French market to that Cana- dian product, as the duty under the minimum tariff is only $1.20 per 220 lbs, whilst it is $2.60 under the maximum tariff. To answer these critics, it is only necessary to quote a few figures taken from official statistics of French customs : In 1892, France imported, for its own consumption, $185,258 \,. rth of salt butter, and exported during the same year for $13,571,125, of which over 10 millions, worth were exported to England. Not only the insertion of butter in the treaty would have been useless to us, but it would have unwisely taken the place of one of the 18 classes of goods mentioned in that treaty. THE BENEFITS OF THE TREATY. Each country's concessions by this treaty can now be clearly summed up. France has put 18 of our products, her importation of which reaches 38 millions of dollars, upon her minimum list, giving us on these 18 articles considerable advantages over similar products of countries with which she has no commercial treaty. Canada, in return, has reduced her tariff on six articles, of which she imports $685,373 worth, conferring no special benefits upon France, as the same favor is accorded every country. France gives us the privileges of the most favored nation, on 18 articles consumed by a population of 77 millions, 37 millions of them colonial ; we simply reduce our tariff to her, on six articles consumed by a population of. five millions, but without any special advantage over others. The ratification of the treaty, by bringing us into closer relations with French manufacturers and merchants, and giving us a solid figure of 38 millions' worth of products on iSvhich to work up business connections, will give us an opportunity of establishing our trade on a firm basis with a — 9 — country whose general importations reach nearly a thousand million of dol- lars, 300 millions' worth of which are of the kind that Canada produces, and this apart from the quantity of such goods that might be absorbed by her colonies. 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U GO & ^ a: o ut O e OS If a S.S?: m (M o C 5 - " _5 o srfoi s?" ,5= 3 ^$^s o ft 35 ^ S^ ^ .ftOlMM 1^ 8. 3 s 2g S3" S; s »5f ii ;2i 82 Si e^ Ob ..^ ^ §a :•" i83j3 ;S II f-t , ^^ Cl ^t ■i Sis s as Ob « > o o E-H ? l§ s;:; «" •» § r> m ^ •» ■> I^IM f ss If S?S' ■^©■l «» 3 m 3 ^^ -« «» I §§ u \ r 00 ^ §3 ~ 1*1 tHog 5» ^1 11 'oaoeiio )8u)o8-iia8 uopoo^w ■9jn^|u.itij 'UUI)(II p3J'UdOJ([ '(8J{Vd) aooqg pu« »)oog 'jadvd UOUIIU03 'B^avjixa 8u|uuvx 'poAJOsajd Biina^ti ■p»B8»Jd put) paijp 'qsajj F j«ad pun Boidd v 'Hjfi:)Bqoi paAjatiOJri 'qsv) paAjosa.id 6 i" 'ojnd y[l\vu poBuapuoo 3 ^ * .1 s § ^ ^ i a s § I ^ 9^ s s w t^ fls t- § s I s w^ ^^ n s ^ s; s^ f-t ^1 ^^ ,M s 8 S t- g s 'B^Tiaui panu^o S? s a « s s O .s •E m S K 3 o •a I § I § I 73 p o "3 o s « 3 S s s 3 3 •? I ; U S S »? Si; n ^ ^ g ^ B O « i W 30 S s ^ o ^ £3 S a o ■$ 00 5 •a I 5 g § ^ i Si g I t- »{ 00 I- S 3 g B I i S 3 S i .5 ^ i CM O 00 r^ 90 £ o S S 1 o o Bhowlog tho French Colonies' importa of French and Foreign ttoods, also the exports of Mid colonies. OOliONItCS. iMPOHTfl PROM Foreign Countries. Krimco. other Colon iua. $52,0(X) 3,4(X) 111,800 15,(XX) 171.8(X) 1,400 4a) 61,600 . . ( indo-China $3,at7,40O 147.000 6i),4 741,400 804,800 168,200 $8,779,800 1,21S,(XX) 56.0(K) :«4,200 2,244,800 25.0(X) 4:iS,60O '*^'"' ( India Hettlements Mayotte . No88i-B^ Reunion Africa-! Ste. Marie, Madagascar. Gulf of Guin^e Senegal vSenegal (South) r French Guiana 264,720 .'{(Ni.OOO 16,800 i:t2,eoo 2:«,2(X) ^ 13,800 * 598, ((00 » . 1 Martinloue 2,868,600 America] [^,,^^jg,l«^ 2,616,000 1st. Pierre A >Aiquelon. . /-v • ( New-(Jaledonia 2,116,600 1,000,400 Oceania J Qj.jjgj.jg,^^^g 600,600 j Total $i2,r.88.:M) 35,740,000 4,009,200 $818,400 $23,578,900 , '■ Algiers 11,751,000 " ■ ' Tunib 3.613.600 .j •: ( Total $:«,749,2rx) $52,:«7,560 12,»10,600 40,120,000 5,022,000 *16,3W,6f . 1 Grand Total Imports. a,^ .„ ("Colonies to Exports! Algiers to $ 818,400 8,818,0(X) $38,943,500 10,436,800 5,^45,000 I from jfito 3,741,000 Grand Total Exports. $57,508,600 $8,818,000 $20,022,800 Showing the shipping returns between Canada and France and her Colonies from 1883 to J- • • .: • IlT-WT-ft-iaD FSlO^Oi SEA. OTT-r-^^ryLTaas "xo se..a. Countries 1 1 13 42 16 If Quantity of freight. SB 195 627 93 Countries to which cleared. 1 1 z; > l| Quantity of freight. : whence «r- rived. 1 Tons weight Tons Mcas. Tons weight Tons Meas. 2B "1 France — St. Pieri-e.. W. Indies . 7,063 7.229 i,7:i4 4,7:37 1.33 1,406 915 "468 1883 France — St. Pierre.. W. Indies.. Africa Total 188:^.. 1883 France — St. Pierre.. W. Indies . Total 1808. . 111 223 'M 2 370 29 263 3 295 67,779 21,7:^5 4,702 891 17,405 9.208 3,391 82,445 2,3.58 3.124 1.798 1,549 1,776 235 18 71 8 56 16 78 Total 1883 . X883 France St. Pierre.. W. Indies. . 16,026 8,975 13,892 1,909 6,636 6,852 11,221 1,819 i,:«3 ■ "27 915 105 847 100 95,107 16,956 36,121 719 30,094 1,110 11,438 170 89,726 28,900 6,407 677 3,578 376 2,767 26 Total 1898.. 24,776 10,802 27 052 53,796 12,718 36,074 3.160 — 15 — 376 2,767 26 3.169 t)f United SUitcH KxportH to France from 1882 to ( r* H. B: iT C « STA.TISXICS) 1892. Year. Food products. Rjiw niiiterials. ManiifacturBd Koodu. Total. 1H82 $ :I7,040.(KK) $ ;W,200,fMK) $ l)20,(KX) $ 78,(X 800,000 55,9(X),0(K) 188B 14.:^2().()(K) :fl),440,(XX) (t20,(XX) 54,:«0,0(K) 1886 22,2fK),000 35,520,fXX) 760,0(X) 58,&40,(XX) 1887 25,8(H),(KX) :«,28(),00() RtO,(XX) (M,080,(XX) 1888 14,260,(KK) 31,520,0(X» 8fl(»,(XX) 40,580,(XX) 1889 2C),62(),tXJ() :«),880,()00 1,060,0(XI 61,560,000 18JK) 21,7(«),(XM) ► 4().38(),(XX) i,:iio.(X)o 63,480,000 1891 47,440,000 47,740,(XX) 2,080,0(Xt 07,260,000 18J)2 56.(HX).(KK) 48,480,0(X) 2,1