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MiatOCOPY KESOlUriON TEST CHAUT 
 
 .ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2i 
 
 2.2 
 
 aaar^ '^'J-J Eos* Ma.n Stre*- 
 
 ^^ ^^16) 482 - 0300 ^ PhoH. 
 ^S (716) 288-59d9 - Tq, 
 

 UNIVERSITY IlAURENTIAM 
 LailBPMVit.-MK.r-l '■riivirnr TV 
 
 ^^: 
 
 N, ) 
 
 WHITEFISH IN THE GREAT 
 
 LAKES 
 
 FISH CULTURE IN CANADA 
 
 FISHERIES OF PRINCE ED- 
 WARD ISLAND, MANITOBA 
 
 AND 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA 
 
 QDFEN'SuNlu',,,; .-'^ 
 
 m 
 
 dUL3 : ^^'O 
 
 REPRINTED FROM THE REPORT ON 
 
 LANDS. FISHERIES. GAME AND Mil .RALS 
 
 ISSUED BY 
 
 THE COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION, CANADA. 1911 
 
 J 
 
■H 
 
 8 
 
WHITEFISH IN THE GREAT LAKES 
 
 BV 
 C. W. (MUTHIER 
 
 FISH CULTURE IN CANADA 
 
 FISHERIES OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 
 
 BY 
 
 E. T. CARBONELL 
 
 FISHERIES OF MANITOBA 
 
 FISHERIES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 
 
 m 
 
 REPRINTED FROM THE REPORT ON 
 
 LANDS. FISHERIES. GAME AND MINERALS 
 
 ISSUED BY 
 THE COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION, CANADA. 1911 
 
 OTTAWA ROLLA L. GRAIN CO . LIMITED 
 

 r X 
 
wmrKi-isii IN I mi: (iUKAT i,\ki;s 
 
 Hy (' W (i VI I iiiKU 
 
 /' lias (. 'siild-ii! II, siiiilil, III i.liliitii I III fiiii\> .,/ Ill, I r/ii III III I 'I 
 iijn rill, I ,111 this siihjii I, III,, I Mr. (iivillm r l.iiiilh) i nnsi iilnl In i milrihiili 
 
 Iht liilli'ii-iitij ,irliil, Ills rii ii\ nri suhmilli il fur i ,,i,siili niliini. 
 
 Kditor 
 
 In '•nrif,i.li|-iiit; tile i|ii.sl mil nf tin- su|)|(l\ iiC wliilctisli III tln' filial 
 
 li'l^ ^ till' I '.:ii;ii';,iliilion.s lumir liy I'riihk N Chirk, of llic I'liitcd Stjili-,s 
 
 Kish ((iiiHiiissi..:.. lit Hie liifi'iiiatinnnl l•'islll•^i(■^ ( '(i,i\ciiti(iii Iii'|<| at 
 Wasliii :l'I..i, i • S(|ili'niliir. IIMtS. m-,. 'vortliv d' attfiition. .Mr. (lark, 
 who is an cNiicrt fish lulliirist. riTdtiiniciHliMl tliat rmiu tw.i fi. tiv.- I.MIi >n 
 wiiitclish frv he |no|iiii.iitiil yearly on x-,\v\\ siilr id' tlic (iri'al hikes, tind 
 stHti'il that, it' tills Wi'i-i' iluni'. tlic lisli uipiiiij smiii licciniif as ahuiiijaiil as 
 ill II ruiiT yi-ai-s, lie also rt'conmu'inleil tiiat tlif [ircsfiif liati'licrii's In- 
 fiihtiirfd and m-w oin s having larRi' I'apaiity hi- huilt. so tliat a I'lose 
 
 si'asoti would be practicullv iiiiiii ssary. The artiiifial propajfation and 
 
 introdui'liiiii nf whit.'fish into lake Kric and tlie Detroit river, he sjiid. had 
 itu-reased the raich in I'eeeiit years, lie lielieved that, if h i-lose season 
 must lie enl'oreed, it should lie ehanned tmiii Noveinher to ,|ii|y and 
 Aujjnst, when the wati r is warm and the Msh. eonseipiently. are in poor 
 eoiiditioii tor the market, Hon. Seymour Mowers, of the Mielii(;an Fish- 
 eries Commi.ssioii, f'rof. ••■Miies Nevin. of the Wisconsin Fish Commis- 
 sion. I'rof DnwiiinK. m I'nited States Fish Commission, and the 
 ma.jority of tliii.se preset. ,^reed with the views ahove quoted. 
 
 The principal causes for the depletion of whitelisli in the (ireat lak^s 
 are n The use of larj;e nunihers of ^ill nets set upmi the feediii-' 
 grounds in deep waters, where they eateli only the whitelisli and trout: 
 (2i the soft fish which fre(iuent the shnilov.- water arc not cnu<rlii in these 
 deep water nets; conseipienti.x when the whitetish eoii;e into tiie sliallow 
 waters to spawn, these soft tish such as herrinsr. mullets, pike, perch and 
 pickerel, prey upon the c^'u's ii I upon the yoiiiij? wliitefish. 
 
 The remedy I'or ,|iis de|)letioii is th- Iniihriijf of new hatcheries and 
 tlie cnliir^'cmenl of present hatcheries t - make it possible to iiicrea.sc the 
 output to two billions of whiteti,sh fry yearly, for the (ireat lakes The 
 use III' pound nets should be eneonrap'd because these nets can be set only 
 in slmal waters and will catch larpre i|Uaiititics of the aforemeiitiencd soft 
 fish and pickerel, wliicli prey upon the whitetish and their cs;j;s The 
 takintr ashore of all fish causrht in the pound nets, except imtiiatiire white- 
 
4 (.OMMISSKiN "»■ roNSI in ATloV 
 
 HMh Hhoul.l Ik. .n... ..npulm.iy. The pr..|m»Ht.o„ of Kah,,..,, tr.u.t hI.ouM 
 
 I., aiwontii,!..-.! »n tlu-v Hr.- of !.■«. .•oiMMMT.-inl vhIu.. than wlut-tisi, . mI 
 ..o:; t..i. ti....-H ,no.v p.-r .oillion to propn^Htr. Wl,.i. trout hiv o.Htur... 
 fhrv .l!-v..ur til. whif.-tWi. lK>tli Kfown aii.l iiMiMHtuir, 
 
 Y! • 1-Hk.- Kri.' a.i.l Detroit Riv.-r whiti'tmli ar.' Ilif llii.Nt .p""l'»> '" 
 North AM...ri.a. I.-mo!^ th.- whit.'Mt in ...lor hihI th.' ll.i.Kt in Havonr. Km 
 thiN r..«Ho... a. M.u.h Hpawn an poH.ihl.- nhouhl he .olh-.t.-.l e«.;h year tn.m 
 the HHherieK ih U'M Krie an.l Detroit river for prop>««' ti'Mi m the hat-li- 
 ..rien f. repleniHh the «i...i» Inken. With proper arranReuient m-vernl 
 hun.lrea ...illioMH of whiteilHh eKKS eouhl he ohtaine.l en.l. vear. In tonn.r 
 vearM. nmnev han heen Hpent in pro.M.rin^ e»r«s of inferior ..ual.ty tron. 
 'the bav of (ininte, TheHe e««H were H..nt f. Sa.ulwieh hatehery for pro- 
 
 paKHtion. when Hutlieient e^^K ..r K..o.i MUHlitv eouhl have h. .htan.e.l 
 
 frou. the Detn.it riv.-r to Irnv .n.phlely tiih.l the San.iw.eh an- Sam.. 
 
 hateheries an.l for h-.H n, y per million than w«h spent .n ohta.n.ng 
 
 eRg8 fro„. the hay <.t' liuinte. The a.nount ohtame.l from the hay <■. 
 Liuinte was 8.. small that the Sarnia hatehery was elose,! during 1! 0.) • -A 
 U,e «a.ulwieh hatehery ha.l to operate at only partial eapoe.ty In three 
 years I'tOl 1«t)2 an<l lilOT. ninety million e(j(fs were sent from the Detroit 
 Rive^ Hsheries to the Selkirk. Manit.-lm hatehery. where the whitefish are 
 worth to the ;.shern.an <.nly :»e. per 11... while, aeeonhuK to the reports o 
 the Department of Marine an.l Fisheries, they are worth loe 1 ere. This 
 wUl show the ..e..essity for the enlargement of our pres.M.t hatelu J.es an.l 
 will "" "« TM ..o,(MMI.()()() eu'Rt! ^u\ out of th.- Pro- 
 
 the estahlishmei't ( t new ones, as in« . ", . r 
 
 vin,.e were badlv uee.le.l in (ieorgian hay. In the years 1H97. IWl. 1006 
 1.11908 eggs wen. n..t supplie.l to the Selkirk hatehery. nor were the> 
 ^upp ed to tt Kerens River hatehery in Vm. S.^ew eggs w. .'e pro- 
 S for the Selkirk hatehery that only 2H9...rH).0O0 fry was le toj^ 
 output for sixteen years, while the eapae.ty for that time was 
 1,440,000,000 eggs. . • , a.i. 
 
 The whitefish of the Gre.it lake:, is the n.ost valuable eommereia fish 
 iuCana.l«. Those weighing 4-. " -''VrT :," "'l^o falent 
 to $30 per 100 lbs. an.l an- use.l ..« plank.'H whitehsh. The l^JP"^™ 
 sL'ad obtai.. eggs from the large variet.v and P-pagate t.,em or marke 
 in laree eities The Department shoul.l have the advice of a practical 
 expeTnct fisherman /one who is thoroughly versed in he varion 
 Ss of fish, their habits, the l..-Rlities which they frequent, the kinds 
 rnttsused in the Great lakes and rive,., and the Propa^;^>; ^ X 
 servation of the most valued kinds of fresh-water fish. The t^^* """J^^ 
 Ton should be the building of hatcheries and t^-/'^^^™ '^^l;^*^. 
 hatcheries and the svstematic gathering of spawn, yearly. The IXpan 
 men? hTsnevn. placed whiteHsh fry in lake Superior, fieorgian bay. or 
 The Manit^ulin Island district, and has planted iu the southern portion of 
 
I 
 
 U III I I I ISM IN I in- C.UI- \ I l.\M s » 
 
 Inkf llurori diirii.jf Mir piixt tm >ciirH the t'rv frnni nnlv :{.<XX) Huh K<>r 
 flu' ii|i|i<T liikcH. Iml^liiTitu MJHiiilil lie I'Htal'lixhfil iit I'orf Arttmr. Stiult 
 Stf Miirif. ('olliiijfwood. Ovviii Sound hikI S(iutliiim|it<>ii Tlu' hntilifry 
 at Winrtoii Mliotdd |>r<>|m!ratc wliittHKli fUfpt otdy In tln' pnut, tliin 
 hHli'hi'n liiis |irii|iM^uti-d Miilriiipii trinit. fhf inoht vontcii)\iM tit" Huh. whifh 
 di'VDHfN Hotli yoiiiii,' Hnd iimtiiri' wliitcfish. 
 
 For lnk«'s Krir iind nniniii), Jmtilicrii'M xlioiilil Im- fHttil»li»ht'd ut 
 KiiiWNvilli'. tiiid Ht one III- tvvi. ..th.-r plmcH hihIi hh llHiiiiltdii. I'urt Hope. 
 Kiti(fMtoti or Itfllcvillc. 
 
 Tlic wriftT foiild tliis vfiir providi- 2.iMm.iHM),tNHi or iipwHrilH of 
 wliitctiMli .-iftpt Ht li'Hs tlinii oiu- li. • ■ the rout per niillioii. on thf Hvt'rtiKf. 
 than liHH lift-n fxpiMidi'd diirintt lit- past v\g\\t ycai-H to pnividi- an in- 
 sutHfii'iit ipuintity for thi' Samlwich and Sarnia hatchiTicM. 
 
 DiiHinr ihf .)aKl lour yi-arn. aliout 8().(HM» whit»'Hnh have \m't\ i-auKht 
 in thf Imy of (Jiiintf. The rm-ky and Kravcl bt'a<hi'H h.vv ho injured tht-n*- 
 titth that only aliouf l^.'i.dOO.IMK) ^^|t^!H were pr«Mii-i'd innttad of thn !I(K),- 
 fMKt.OIMt « hicii that nninlM r of finh nliould liavc yichii'd. Thfw t'dt^M, takt'ii 
 from Hsh of Iht inftiior dark-scali' varifty. were hrouifht at iinnt'oHwiry 
 pxppiisc ti) ihc Sandwiih hatchcrN . TliiH Murdy sIiowh inisiiianaiT'iiicnt. 
 when liiri;<' ipiafititics of Nupcrioi (Hudity were ohf«inal)h' from the 
 Detroit river, at the very dmu-M of the Sanilwieli hatriiery, especially ax 
 egftH from an inferior (piality flxh aueii as those of lake Ontario 'on! ! 
 not he plaiitetj amon>f the Hnest tjuality whitetiah in Canada, wli^ hey 
 will iiierease in numlM-rs to the detriment of the Hupeiior fj.ieeies. -inR 
 
 the same four years, the Department planted in lake l^ntario r'ie progeny 
 of less than eight hundre<l whiteflsh. 
 
 The inereased eateh of whitetisli in reee ii > -ars in 'al-i Urie and the 
 Detroit river is priwf of the benefit of liatel. . s. there heiiiK no doubt 
 that the increase i.s the result of the deposit of fry from the .Sandwich 
 hatelury. Some lakes show depletion on account of no deposit of fry. 
 while in otiiers the deposit has been so inadequate as to be of little benefit. 
 The amount of fish caught by Americans in lake Krie has been much 
 greater than tl.e ainoiuit caught by Canadians. This is partly t.ue to 
 there In-ing fewer restrictions placed on the Americans, and partly to 
 the fact that Americans have propagated and deposited more fry in 
 their fishing grounds. 
 
 In order to understand present conditions and the means for remedy- 
 ing the depiction, I beg to give the following figures taken from the 
 Annual Report.s of the Department of Marine and Fisheries. .\ com- 
 parison of the catch of whitefish shows an increa.sed catch out of lake 
 Winnipeg in 1909. The value of the whitefish to the Winnipeg fishermen 
 is only :{c. per lb. All the whitefish that come from lake Winnipeg and 
 
6 COMMISSION OF CONSKKX ATION 
 
 lake Winnipefrosis nro i-aught in a lake area of about 4,000 s(|UHrr miles, 
 as compared with :ir).000 siiuare n.ili-s of Canadian waters in lakes Super- 
 ior. Huron, Erie. Ontario and (ieoririaTi ha.v. The Manitoba Fisheries 
 Commission, in its recent report, reeoininended the eiilarginjr of the old 
 and the huildiiiR of additional h;iteheries in Manitoba. The i-apaeity of 
 the three hatcheries now in operation in that province is ;{00.000,000 
 whitetish eggs. If the reeoininendations of the Coinniission are carried 
 out. it will probably result in one billion eggs being propagated yearly 
 for the waters of Manitoba. In recent years, as few as twenty-five, 
 thirty, forty and less than fifty million whitefish fry have been pro- 
 pagated yearly. This year about seventy-five million have been pro- 
 pagated in the 36,000 -([uare miles of water constituting the Great lakes 
 of Ontario. Seventy-five per cent, of the fry were liberated into lake 
 Erie and Detroit river, which waters in recent years show a steady in- 
 crease in catch. 
 
 The following statement shows the catch of whitefish in lake Winni- 
 peg ami tributary waters: 
 
 18()(; 2,871.5:19 pounds 
 
 j,«09 2.5-1.7.041 " 
 
 1900 1.974,020 " 
 
 1909 :5.468.100 " 
 
 Contrast the above with the great decrease in the five Great lakes 
 of Ontario. 
 
 Ig90 7,r)9r).692 pounds 
 
 1894 4,598.972 " 
 
 lg99 2,926,035 " 
 
 1905 2.895.170 " 
 
 1906 '.'. 3.545.100 " 
 
 1908 4.076.643 " 
 
 The increased catch of whitefish in the last two years is partly ac- 
 counted for by the larger catch in lak.- Erie, which rose from 204.322 lbs. 
 in 1890. to 826.189 lbs. in 1908. The Department of Marine and Fisher- 
 ies values the whitefish caught in the five Great lakes at lOe. per lb. and 
 the total catch, of all kinds of fish out of said lakes decreased froin 
 33.328.433 lbs. in 1892 to only 22.572.300 lbs. in 1905. Of this decrease 
 about one-half was in the catch of whitefish. 
 
 The need of propagation a.id liberation of fry in the waters of cer- 
 tain localities where the greatest depletion has occurred will be apparent 
 from a comparison of the catch for the several years, out of the various 
 lakes. 
 
 On the American side of the lakes, the fishermen do not pay license 
 fees, and there is no limitation to the number of nets used. They prop- 
 
WHITEFISll IN THI-; GRKAT LAKI'.S < 
 
 agate a minli largt-r (luaiitity of whitetisli fry With the result that thev 
 fatch more fisli. In ISitf). the average catch per man on the Arnericau 
 side of lake Krie was 7.00(1 jlis. more than the catch of the Canadian fish- 
 erman out of the same lake. 
 
 Following is a comparison of amounts taken on the American and 
 Canadian sides of the (Jreat Lake Fisheries: 
 
 Amehic.^n Side 
 
 1880 6X.742.;iOO ll)s, 
 
 1885 !t;».S42.00() " 
 
 1889 117.0sr).r)68 " 
 
 18f)9 11:{.17S.7.")0 " 
 
 Total. 4 vears .. :{!W.848.118 " 
 
 C.WADIAN Sn)E 
 
 l].47:$,0001bs. 
 27.2!t8,0OO " 
 82,169,082 '• 
 28.677.691 " 
 
 9<t,61 7,728 ■• 
 
 The la.st r. S. Census report for 
 catch of tish ill the (ireiit lakes and 
 lake Krie is not jivailaMc at the 
 time of writing. 
 
 1892 88,828.488 lbs. 
 
 1902 26,912,66") " 
 
 1908 27,614,295 " 
 
 1909 28,670,861 " 
 
 Total for 8 vears hv Canadians out of the five (ireat lakes. 216. 148,477 
 
 Tiie following shows the decrease in Canadian whitcfisli catches in 
 various waters : 
 
 L.XKK SiPF.RIOR 
 
 1890 978.400 Ihs. 
 
 1894 991.888 " 
 
 1907 800.640 ' ' 
 
 Decrease from 1890 to 1907 677.760 " 
 
 Georoi,\n B.w .v.M) Lake Hi'ron 
 
 1890 5.940.800 Ihs. 
 
 1894 2,697,0.86 " 
 
 1905 1,073.030 " 
 
 1907 1,162,660 " 
 
 Decrease from 1890 to 1907 4,778,140 " 
 
COMMISSION- OK CONSKKX ATION 
 
 Georgian Bay 
 
 1890 2.966.000 lbs. 
 
 1900 818,420 " 
 
 1907 293,240 " 
 
 Decrease from 1890 to 1907 2,672,760 " 
 
 North Channel, Lake Huron 
 
 1890 2,532,800 lbs. 
 
 1907 293,240 " 
 
 Decrease from 1890 to 1907 2,239,560 " 
 
 Lake Huron Proper 
 
 1890 442,000 lbs. 
 
 1907 81,820 " 
 
 Decrease from 1890 to 1907 360.180 " 
 
 The Sandwich hatchery established in 1876 has. during a period of 
 thirty-five .vears, liberated only about 1.400,000,000 whitefish fry. most of 
 whicli have been for Detroit river and lake Erie. A mucli larger ()uantity 
 should have been propagated for these waters. That even tliis amount 
 has been beneficial, may be seen in the increased catch of wiiitefish in 
 recent years from Detroit river and lake Erie as shown in the following 
 tables : 
 
 Detroit River Catch of Whitepish 
 
 1896 19,500 lbs. 
 
 1900 9,126 " 
 
 1901 20,721 " 
 
 1906 30,800 " 
 
 1907 150,000 " 
 
 1908 140,000 " 
 
 1909 175,000 " 
 
 Increase from 1900 to 1909 of 165,874 " 
 
 i 
 
w iiiTi-.i'isii IN rm: GKf AT i..\Ki:s •• 
 
 liAKi: Erie < aici! of Wuiteiisii 
 
 ISOO 2(U.;i:{2 11)8. 
 
 1!I0S 8:{0.180 " 
 
 Increase in catch of 62:),8:)7 
 
 It" we take llie <rrcat increase in the catcli ol' tisli in tiie state of 
 Michigan from .TIJU.HGS llis. in 18!)2 to .')().464.(l()0 in 1906. as a criter- 
 ion, it is prolinblc tlnit tlie yearly catcli hy Americans in recent years has 
 been about 1:!(),(H»0.II(»() lbs. annually, while the Canadian catch in HM).') 
 was only 22.r)72..'{00 lbs. and, in lODK. only 28,670.:!61 Ib.s. The following 
 statement shows the catch in the waters of lake Michijran. which is about 
 one-third the area of the Great lakes of Ontario, and also the catel- in the 
 Canadian (ireat lakes: 
 
 L.vKE Michigan Canapia.v Lake>< 
 
 1885 27,2fl4,!t75 lbs. 27,778,100 lbs. 
 
 1892 ;53,7U,868 " ;j;U28,433" 
 
 1905 44.:{26,00(t •• 22,572,:{00 " 
 
 1906 ,-)0.4fi4,0n(» •' 2:<,141.8:}0 " 
 
 Total 4 years . 155,799,84:1 
 
 106.820,66;! 
 
 The fishermen of Miehif^an caught far more whitetish and salmon 
 trout— tiie best kinds of fi.sh— than the Canadians. The Americans plant- 
 ed several times more whitetish fry in lake Krie than the Canadians. 
 
 Following is a comparison of the catch of whitetish in lake Krie: 
 
 A.MEKI(A.\ Ca.wdiw 
 
 1880 :{.:]:!;!.80() ll)s. 205,090 lbs. 
 
 1885 :i..5:n.855 " 186.080 " 
 
 1889 :w2;}.772 " ;}06.2i:{ " 
 
 1899 2.066.314 " 431.022 " 
 
 Total 4 years . 12,245,741 
 
 1.128,405 
 
 The Department of Marine and Fisheries expended for the propaga- 
 tion of British Columbia salmou, and Atlantic salmon more than one 
 thousand dollars per million fry on the average, and these fish are not so 
 valuable per pouml as the whitetish in the (treat lakes of Ontario, which 
 may be propagated ui large hatcheries at a cost of less than .1i70 per 
 
10 
 
 ( o^!MiSS■l )N' ' )!•■ i.ONSI:k\ \ I II i\ 
 
 inillioM I'ty. A fait jirohiilil.v not known to the pnhlii' is that IJritish 
 Coln!M!>ia siilmon live only four yt-ars, and deposit their eggs only onee 
 (luring their lifetii-ie. averaging .'{.MOO eggs to a tish. The whitelish lives 
 fifty to one hundred years and yields ;{r),()()0 eggs yearly and is more 
 valuable per pound tiian the Hritisli Colunihia saluiou. 
 
 Ill eonelusioii. I wouM say that niiieli remains to he done under 
 systeniatie l)iisinesslike management to arrest the rapid depletion of the 
 whitefish, our most valuable tish. I liave conelusively shown (<») the 
 value of hateheries, in the comparisons given above lietween the 
 Anieriean and ("anadian fisheries, and also between the lakes of Manitoba 
 and Ontario; (It) that the expense of operating small hateheries is 
 greater in proportion than would be the expense of hateheries of larger 
 eapaeity. and. (c^ also that tliere is great need of larger hateheries 
 run at full capiu-ity. Further, 1 have indicated where it is alisolutely 
 i-ertain that eggs from the finest species of whitefish in Canada can be ob- 
 tained ill gnat (|nantities. and that there is an actual need for propagat- 
 ing all fry obfainabli . i have no hesitaiiey in stating that the subordin- 
 ates of the Department refused to obtain eggs from Detroit River fisher- 
 ies at one-third the expense per million which they paid at lake Ontario 
 and, in conse(|Uenee. the hatcheries were often only half filled. In recent 
 .vears a number of incorrect reports have been given to the Department 
 and this statement can be verified by reference to the Blue Book. 
 
 1 have also recommended the use of a larger iniiiiber of pound nets 
 and fewer gill nets. In addition to reasons above given, the loss of fish 
 caught in gill nets during stormy weather is very great. To my own 
 knowledge. 19.r)()0 whitefish have been lost in two lifts of about 80 gill 
 nets at George island, lake Winnipeg. These nets could not be lifted 
 because of storm, weather, and thousands of fish decayed in them. 
 
 According to the last two reports of the Department of Maritie and 
 F ishcries. Parliament voted $6-14.600 for fish iireeding, of wliieli the 
 department expended !}!.'{70,')08 leaving an unexpended balance of $273,- 
 6;t2. I strongly recommend that all money left unexpended be used 
 solely for the purpose of the propagation of whitefish fry for the Great 
 lakes of Oiitario. since they are the most valuable commercial fish in 
 Canada. 
 
WnrjEFISir AKKAS in TIIK (iREAT l.AKKS 
 
 The ii(M'onii)aii.ving ninps of wliitefish areas in the (ireat lakes are 
 reproduced from an article by Paul Reigliard, of the Tniversity of 
 Michigan, on "A Plan for Promoting the Whitetish Production of the 
 Great Lakes."* In explanation of the maps the author makes the fol- 
 lowing statements: 
 
 "In the accompanying maps we have attempt "ti to indicate the 
 extent of the whitetish areas f(.r each of the (Sreat Lakes. These are the 
 areas within which the fishermen find the whitetisli when carrying on 
 (iomiuereial fishing operations at other times than during tii- fall and 
 spring migrations. They are the areas over whiirli it is, or has been, 
 profitable to fish and outside of which the whitetish is found in relatively 
 smafl numbers. The maps have been made by tracing the appropriate 
 fathom lines on the I'nited States engineer charts of the (ireat Ijakes. 
 They are sutlticiently explained in the legends attached to them. In the 
 following table we have given the wliitefish areas for each of the Great 
 Lakes together with the e..tent in scpiare miles of the lakes themselves. 
 These whitetish areas have been obtained by measuring with a planiraeter 
 the areas plotn-d on the maps. The lake areas are taken from H. M. 
 Smith. 1894. 
 
 AbKA ok E.\C11 of TFIE GUE.VT L.VKES. WlIITEFISIl AREA OF EACH, AND 
 
 Percentage of Whitefish Area 
 
 Lake Superi r . 
 Lake Michigan . 
 Lake Huron . . 
 
 Lake ICric 
 
 Lake Ontari>, . 
 
 Ti.tal. . . . 
 
 ri>tal arc 
 
 I 
 
 Whit 
 
 L>fis!i area 
 
 W 
 
 hit 
 
 ■fish .Xre.T 
 
 |uare mi 
 
 Ic 
 
 S|u 
 
 ire Mites 
 
 
 
 
 .12.000 
 
 
 
 7,^00 
 
 
 
 
 22.000 
 
 
 
 2.600 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 2 1 ,000 
 
 
 
 1.400 
 
 
 
 !.s 
 
 ') ,i00 
 
 
 
 1,100 
 
 
 
 l.i 
 
 6,.i00 
 
 
 
 2.200 
 
 
 
 S4 
 
 <) ! ,000 
 
 ,;oo 
 
 •' It is to be noted that tlic area occupied by the ♦rue whitefish is rela- 
 tively least in Lake Michigan, where it forms but 12 per cent, of the lake 
 area. Lake Erie comes next with a whitefish area 14 per cent, of its total 
 area, if the eastern part of tlie lake only is iHken. but if the western plat- 
 fr-"^ of Lake Erie be incluiled over depths of 12 to W fathoms, its white 
 
 • Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIll. i> 64.';. 
 
 i 
 
u 
 
 COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION 
 
 fieh area is raified to 4,100 square miles, or 4.} per cent, of that whole area. 
 Whitefish are taken on those parts of the platform of suitable depth, but 
 in relatively small numbers. 
 
 "An examination of the whitetish areas as platted on the accompany- 
 ing maps tends to strengthen this view of tlie local habit of the whitefish. 
 In Lakes Superior. Ontario and Michigan wc see this area siretcliing in a 
 relatively narrow /one along the whole shore. This zone incloses a cen- 
 tral area of deeper water which separates the whitefish area of one side of 
 the lake from that of the other side and is probably never crossed hy these 
 fish. Within it ocfur the blackfins and longjaws. In Lake Huron we see 
 a similar i^ondition of affairs for the main lake, but in Georgian Bay we 
 find the 'greater part of the area taken up by whitefish grounds. Here the 
 deep wafer is not central in the whitefish area but is displaced toward the 
 southwest so as to leavv the marginal whitefish area very narrow on one 
 side of the lake and very broad on the other side. In the North Channel 
 of Lake Huron a continuous whitefish area occupies its center uninter- 
 rupted by a deeper middle water. In this lake the reef which cuts 
 obliquely across the main lake is said not to harbor whitefish in com- 
 mercial quantities and not io afford them spawning ground. It is, there- 
 fore, not included in the whitefish area, although of suitable depth, and 
 its extent is indicated on the map in outline only." 
 
TORONTO 
 
 OalniUr 
 
 HAMILTON 
 
 w 
 
 

 1 
 1 
 
 ^ ■'"'"li^^lVhjd^^ 
 
 
 ^-^^fe 
 
 
 "=-3^ 
 
 1 
 
 "■>*— ^^ 
 
 
 iE^mtmu'wn of <£<tn«rniaKmi 
 Cmtadic 
 
 i 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO 
 
 Whitefish aroa (shown in black) 10-20 fathoms 
 Scale, 33 miles = 1 inch 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 (R«produci<l from "Plans for oromet'ng the Whitatish Production 
 of tlw QrMi UUtM", in Bull. XXVIII. U. S. Burmu of FishwiM 
 
 i 
 
«■ 
 
 I 
 
LAKE ERIE 
 
 Whlt«<ith tfM ((hown m black) 12-30 fathoms 
 Seal*, SS milM^il inch 
 (INpreduoM from "Pl«m for pramotlna ttw WMMtith ^roduoflen 
 of tiM OrMi LakM", In lull. XXVIII U S. lurMU of FItlMriM 
 
J 
 
; 
 
 
 -iii?'^,t 
 
3 
 
 : 
 
IMlluth 
 
9 
 
 
 ;p»*;5^ 
 
 '^M 
 
 ^9 
 
FisFi ( riTnn: i\ ( anada 
 
 During tl,.' |.iist y.iir l.^•.>^,L>^2.(|(t.l iVy w.r.' pliuit.,! i,, ( iniH.lu.u 
 WHft'rs t(y tlif Doiiiiriioii fish liiitc-licrics. Soirif idcii of tlir .xti.Msii.n of 
 this work may !>.• Iinil if \v«. nniiiiilMT fliat tlif ihiimImt of fn plinit.'.! in 
 IfMC) wax U27.r>41. (»(»(>. whil,. ji, |<mH) it a>ri<>iintr<l to only 2ti">.:t41.<NiO 
 Notwithstanding the tiiocnions out|nil of oiir hHt( Ijfiit's in 1"MI!I. \\,- 
 I'annof yet rival the pnidiicfioii of those of tlu^ I'nit.Ml Stat.s which, in 
 that y.jir. planffd .I.IOT.IMI.HK) fry. 
 
 PRY PRODUCED BY nOMIMON (i<)VERN..ii:NT HATCHFRIFS 
 
 {(H)0 omitted I 
 
 "^'''^ "•■' l.(»7(» 
 
 lf^T4 5,0 
 
 '^"' 1.570 
 
 i'*"^ »,6r,:) 
 
 1*^77 ];{4;,] 
 
 l^'f^ 27,042 
 
 I«7!t 21.fiN4 
 
 ISHO 21.01:; 
 
 1881 22.!t4!t 
 
 18S2 .")r).7<l!t 
 
 18S;{ K{.7^4 
 
 l«8-» 5:i.l4:{ 
 
 l'*^"''' SI, 067 
 
 18S() 7fi.714 
 
 1887 70.27;; 
 
 1888 88.10!t 
 
 188!) 47,fif,,, 
 
 lS!tO 1(0 2]o 
 
 l^^'l '.'...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 115772 
 
 1^"2 1H5.!t5I» 
 
 '^^':i 258,:{14 
 
 18!)4 2.')4,ftl0 
 
 189.") 294,040 
 
 1896 202.459 
 
 1897 ^.a-io 
 
 1898 192.477 
 
 1899 222,:}.50 
 
1 oMMISSION Ol' (()NS|;KV Al ION 
 
 l!tl»l 
 1!MI2 
 l!M);i 
 l!lt)4 
 1 !»().") 
 
 VMM 
 
 271,!t!»6 
 2<):{,.">4t) 
 2i\:m 
 
 :»14 57« 
 47:t.2.'.M 
 ()27..')41 
 Gr.7.!)2.-> 
 Hl:».!t7!i 
 ()S2..')4.'> 
 
 I'lOii 1.(I24.2V2 
 
 Tin- iiiiiiiIm !■ of luiti'licrics in opi-ratioii. of course, sliows h i-orivs- 
 poiidiinf in.iiiis.'. Ill IIMKI. tluTi- ..frf 12. in 1!H».'>, 2M. iiiui lust Vfiir flu- 
 miiiilicr was :!". in other wonis, tlie number of iiatelieries in ten veiii> 
 has increased l>\ neariy 2H) per cent., ami tlie output hy alioiit 27ti per 
 cent, 
 
 Tlic ;fi.vcri.n]eiit fisli and lolistcr liatcluries are locat.-d tliroufliciut 
 tlie |)i>iililiion as fdllows : 
 
 I HI Nova Scotia: Medl'ord. Windsor. Martjarec. I!a.\ View. Caiiso 
 
 I))) New Hruu.s\vicl<: Resti^roiidie. MirHiiiiehi. (irand KallH. Sliippi 
 (ian. Sliemoj^ue. 
 
 (CI Prince Kdward Island; Kelly poiiil. ChHrlottetown. (ieoiyetown. 
 
 ((h (jnebei'; MaKojr, lac Treinhlant. Tadoussac. (ias|)e. lake Lester. 
 
 St. AlfxiH. 
 
 (o) Ontario: Ottawa. Newcastle. Sandwich. Wiarton. Sariiia. 
 
 (f) Manitoba: Selkirk. Hereiu river. 
 
 igi Mritish Coluniltia : (intiiite creek, Skeeiia river. Harrison lake 
 IVnihcrton. Kivcrs inlet. Malune, Stuart lake, Ninipkish. 
 
 The total e.vpeiiditure in liHMt on tisli culture in Canada vvas iflSO.- 
 :U-'). The amount voted for this purpose was !ti;?22.:il)0: so that appro.xi- 
 luately 'y6 per cent, of t!.e authorized aiiioiiiit was expended. The 
 expenditure for each i)rovince. and the nniiil'er of hatcheries in each, was 
 as follows:* 
 
 KXl'KNOITrKK NO. (IK IIATCI IKKIKS 
 Nova Scotia ^ l."i.722 ■'> 
 
 New Mriiiiswick . 
 Prince Kdward Island 
 
 (Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 21.102 •> 
 
 S.liiO :l 
 
 10.202 H 
 
 22.614 '> 
 
 14.386 :t 
 
 British Coliiiiibia 66.S47. 
 
 Oeneral Account . 
 • Cents omttted. 
 
 12,240 
 
 ms^w*r^-'-^:m 
 
FISHKUIKS OK 1»UIN( K KDWAUI) ISLAM) 
 
 My K. T. Cakmonki.i, 
 
 Sirnlaii/ of till Fisli Hint (iomi I'mli i linn A inlii 
 
 liisiintor of I'rinci Lthiiinl Islii iil 
 
 mill 
 
 uiimp 
 
 Althi)ii(fli tlif 111(11 of I'riii.i- Kilwiinl InIiiiicI Ih .(iiiiiuiralivclv nimhII. 
 
 ♦Ii«' i'i''"i Icrivcd from iInIi ami ifniiit', when I'dhMidiTnl in I'DiiiKM'tinri 
 
 with tile una. c si'ccds that id' must of the other proN iriciN of the 
 Doniiiiioii. Still, tli.' prcsfiit valiu of the tisli and tiamc to the I'roviiicf 
 is hut a frai'tioiial part of that \.lii h it most asHiindly woidd In- if prop.r 
 corisi i vatio!i rricasiirt's wvv iidopt.'d 
 
 Tht' Droviiiic of Prim I Kdward JNlaiid Imik an iM-ran lappid shorf of 
 ahoiit tlir«'f hundred and eighty miles, intersected by nuiiieroUN hays, and 
 inarsh-hordered ereeks and tidal rivers, [t is studded with hoth fresh- 
 water and salt water ponds and nunierouH small lakes. These natural 
 advantajfes make it not otdy the ideal habitation for many speeips of 
 food (ish and resident sranie birds, but also the most attraetive restinR 
 place and feedintr (fround for wild >r<'f'se. hrant and other migratory 
 frame birds on their northern and southern flijfhts. 
 
 rnf(»rtunately for the I'rovince. neither the food fish, tin- gamp fish 
 nor tlie jfame birds are is plentiftil as they were thirty or forty years aj?o, 
 o\vin(f. doubtless, to the suicidal polii-y which lias been followed, of catch- 
 ing and killiiifT all that was i)ossible in any manner and at any time 
 opportunity offered. The food fish and crustacea are liecnmintr scarcer 
 each succeeding year. F.ast year the output showed a decrea.se in 
 value of ,tl81,Of)7.r)6 from the ])revious year. (In the other hand, the 
 eanip fish and game birds durintr the past five years have shown a great 
 increase in numbers in consefpiencc of the incrca.sed measure of proti-c- 
 tion they have received duriniLr those years. This is a .stronjr argument 
 in favour of the con.servation of all fish and Hiw>" 
 
 Game Fish 
 
 Salmon '''''*' industry of salmon fishing is but little attended to 
 
 in this Provi?ice. the catch last year being less than 'i.OCH) 
 pounds. Tliere is a hatchery at Kelly pond maintained at a cost of 
 nearly $2,000 a year, from which hundreds of thousands of salmon fry 
 arc distriliuted among the various rivers. Last season over one million 
 were so placed. Every fall the rivers of the I'rovince are invaded with 
 vast numbers of salmon, which go np the rivers to spawn. These .ire 
 the genuine salmo sahr, which retur-; to the salt water after snawr.in. 
 
I'l 
 
 IMISSli iN < il II iN'SI \i\ \ 11' iN 
 
 uihI ill) ii"t th.ii ilif iiiii liiitily. an in fhf imki' with tli.' wilinoii 
 
 on thf I'Hfitlr .•imst. I 'iilnrtiiiiiit.lv. Imt v.ry iVw wilnioii ar.> t.iiiptfil 
 
 to fiitiT till- ihliinil wiitiis iluriiijr tl |"ii hihmom when tlu-ir fliuli Ih kimh! 
 
 for ( I; for tliiTf iiti' no HuriiiK-wati-r rivcm on the Uhiml ulii.h thf> 
 
 cHii poHMihly r.iiili to .l.iin thiMiiHflviH. iin in N'l'W HniiiHwi.k iiml Novii 
 Scotiii. Thr only Hiiliiioii tiiki'ii. tlnTi'forr. lire thow <ii|itiiriMl in lu-tx 
 
 (,.1'th*' .•xpoM.'.i hfiKlliiMilN, with tl xi'i'pliori of the frw spviit tixli wlii.h 
 
 Hri- takfit ill tin- Nprintr of tin- ytur in thi- Morell rivi-r whii.' on tlifir wny 
 to thf Hitit WHi.T ThiHf IInIi ivmiily tiik.' rith.-r thr tly or Iwil. hut iir.' 
 
 unfit for fooil (Iwiiiir to thf iintunil <■ litioiiN. nothing ••tin h.- .h>rii' to 
 
 rt-ndiT thlK induNtry of iiny jtrntt viiluiv It is vrry .lonl>tful if ••vm the 
 plHi'inu of ti(*h\vnys in tin- ilaniN wouiil l.f of inurh valui' ho far as tin- 
 MiltMon tiMluTv is foniMTnttl. 
 
 During thr Hinnimr niontliN tlir tiilai rivi is ol' tlir riovincf 
 ^'■°"' ar.' iiihaliiti-.; hy tff'at iiumhcrs of tin- hraiitiful Oni-nlaiid 
 
 tnnit (Canada salt-watrr trout i. Th.-si' tish otT.-r .'V.-ry possiM.' indii.'i' 
 
 nicnt to tiic aii({lfi-. as thi-y ar.' nii roiis and jraiiicy. whih- thrir flish. 
 
 whiili is a hrijrht nddish pink, is a f.'mit .l.-li.-a.y Thi-y vary in wtiKlit 
 from half a pound to thri'f |)ounds t-arh. DuriiiR th.- last tivf years 
 tiiey have hc.-ii fairly well prote.'te.l. and. in eons«M|Uenee, they iiave 
 vastly inereased in nuiuhers in spite of the larKf eatehes that liav.' heen 
 iimde. The niill-poiiilH of the Island and th.' str.'ains aliove the dams 
 
 on the rivers are tille ' with the ofTspriiiK of the (ir land troni whi.'h 
 
 were iniprisoneil when (he dams were er.-eted. These tish, hein^ preveiil.-d 
 by the dams from makinjr their annual pilKrini'ires to the sea. have de 
 
 teriorated so mu.-h as to have ht me of little or i... value, eitiier as a 
 
 game tish or as an artiele of food. Not only have their gainey eharacter 
 isties heen lost, hut their liodies have Iteeome soft and slimy. Their flesh. 
 having lost its firmness and hri^ht pink eolour, hait In'eome flahhy and 
 of a dirty white hue. with no trace of the origina'. delieate taste. An 
 eftieient fi.shway ere.'ted in every dam would permit thes.- tish to make 
 their needed trips to the .sea and in one season they would iv.'iiperat.' 
 and thus HKaiu hecome of value. 
 
 The streams ahove the dams rei|uire to lie stoeked with the fry of 
 brook trout, or other fresh-water tish, and. if the hat.'hery at Kelly 
 pond were to be devot.'d to the hatehiiiK an.l distributing of .sueh tish. 
 it would he doiiif? a miieh more valuable work than it does now in liat.li 
 ing salmon from wliieh the Island receives little or no b.'iiefit. 
 
 The dates at which the sea trout make their appearance in th.' iii,.lcr 
 nientione.l harbours, or begin to ascend the rivei-s nam.-d below nr.' 
 approximately as follows : 
 
 Chnrlottetown harbour May 2-ttn. 
 
 Rustieo harbour >1«.^ '•''^''- 
 
FISHKIIFS Of I'lUVl I IDU AKI) ISI.Wf) ,; 
 
 New l,<)iii|i(ii |inr(M>iir .May |„j 
 
 •SouriM h„rh,,„r ; .' ; 'fimt spring ti.l.N i,, Mhv 
 
 • '"■'^"" """ .Mhv r.th 
 
 f " '■""'•■ '""••...•..■ Kirxt spri„i, ti.l... H, .M,.v 
 
 'J"""* •■'^'••- Fun.. iHf 
 
 Kiisf iiH.I \V,.Nt riv.-i-M .fiihr L'fith, 
 
 K.irtiM,.. riv..,- „M,I I{m||„ I,„v Kin-t .N,,ri„i, ti,|..> ,„ .\:„v 
 
 "'"''■'• 'I*''- Iiilv iL'tll 
 
 •'^'"•■'1' ""■<■ (.1-,. L'llth 
 
 WI,.,,t|.N riv.r |„.„. |,-„|, 
 
 """' '■"■■'■<■ .Jiirr- Isf 
 
 ^""'•'»"'iV'''' .1,,,,.. ].st 
 
 l'i.'nv.fiMi|ii..» r...r ,(„,„• iDtl, 
 
 Johiis...! nv.T ,\„^, I^, 
 
 Food Rish 
 
 Cod •■'"'■ ^'""" '■"•'"' "'I HHliintr is iiof n,,u }„;„u hh viu'or 
 
 """'> l"-"«''""t..| as it w,,N „ f.w yrnvH at;,., a triflr Ivsk than 
 2.IM.0n(l ||,«. havitu' l.....n fakrii last snis..... Mapi-ily fhr .l..i:tisl,. tlms.- 
 HriwgvH whirh hav chiimmI m. inaiiv tishrnruii !., rHiiv fn.i.i tli.. iiMliisfr.v 
 111 .listMst. an. ..itii.r rii.,vii,k' away to otli.T .|iiiirt.Ts „r, for s..tri.- ofh.-r 
 
 ivasoii. ,|,..-tvasin!,' in miiMl»Ts. Tliis .l.-T.-asr is .•|„i,r..,| l.v « to 1„. 
 
 .!u.. to th- vast irMT.'».s,- in mimlMTs of tlip (ish..ati.,jf hjnls «lii..|i ,„vv 
 
 on tl,.. yountr .loifHsh. Tli.s,. l.ir.ls hav I n prot.M.tr.l aroiunl the 
 
 .■oasts tor s..v..ral y.-ars It is to 1,.. h. that, witi, tlu- <lisapp,.«ra 
 
 "I til.. .I..i;fisli i-lasiu... many fonn.T | tUUrruu- ay l„. ..n.^ourajr.-.l 
 
 t.) Htrain m^n'jv m tin. inilustry. 
 
 Hpddock Ha.l.lo. k lishintr. likr .o.l lisliin-.'. has not h...-n pros.-.-ilti'd 
 
 witli as inn.'li vij;onf as fortnftly, tisli.rni.ii having h.-conu' 
 .iis.-onratr..| l,y tli.. .loKlisli, Th.. hH.|,lo..k ,-at,-ii hist v.-ar amoi.nf.Ml 
 t.. l.'M.T.iG 1I.S. of .Iri.Ml tish an.l 4:UM0 Ihs. of fn.sh. Th.. .lisapp..anin,... 
 ot th.. .loirHsh will a._'ain iihlnc.- nn-n to . •ijrai;.. in this in. lust ry. 
 
 Hake ""'^•' 'i'^liiii'^' .•ontinii..s t.. h..hl its own. The .•af.-li last 
 
 s..aso.i was noarly up to th.- aviTatr.' ..f 1.2(>0.(MM) It.s a 
 
 jvar. Tin- sliplit de-T.-as,. in the catcli from that of th.. pivvio.is var 
 
 was ow.njr to th.. ..x..f.Miin>riy stormy s.-ason nn.l fh.. .•.., s.>.p.cnt .la. r 
 
 of staying out ..n th.- H.shini? (?r..un<Is .hiring th.. night time in th.- v.'^rv 
 Binall ..raft whi.-h the Hsherincn use. 
 
 HerrinK ''''"' '"■'"'•iMK Hsli..ry industry appears to h,. .,n the in..r.'asp. 
 
 Tli..r.' was. howt.vcr, a shortaL'c last v.-ar i>, Kio"« ...... .>ty 
 
 l.ut It was nior.. than nui.l,. up by th." i,„.r,.a.s...i ..at.li in Que..ns and 
 
!S 
 
 ( ! iMMISSU )N < »l- r< ).\SI-.K\Ai'l' >': 
 
 MacUsrei 
 
 p .„,,.. ,.|i,.M Tlif tdtiil <-a1cli lust si'Jisiiii was 12,(M)() l)l)ls. salted hcrr- 
 j„g_ , -II., Mill ll>s. wliii-h wciv ilisposcl (iT I'lvsli or siiiok.'tl, aiid iiiaii.v 
 
 tliousiiiids of hiirrrls wiiirli wiM't" uscil Un- I'liit. 
 
 Til.' i-iitch 111' iiiai-k.'ivl last vear aiuniiiitcil to 1.:;:!.'^ lil)ls. 
 sal;r,l. wliirh ivali/.Ml *1.-. i»T M,l.. and 40.4(10 ll.s- fivsli. 
 whii-li ^u■n^ disiMs...! ..f at V2 cmts per pound. Kvp.Tier,.-.. l,.i.d> to show 
 that o!. whafver .-oast lohsler iishiii- is vi<.'oi-ousl,v earrird on. niai-kci-.-l 
 l)(MM)ii:f i'oi-i-,spoiidiii'il.\ scai'i-f. 
 
 Till- sM.-lt li:.l,iui: iiidiistr.v i,i this I'rovii.r.- is in a tliriviii!.' 
 ^'"''''*' ,-,,..,iiii-,: ^melt nets to tie' ninidier of 1.14.'.. valued at 
 
 $10.11.-.. weiv 1., use last seas.,-n. a,:d the ,-ateh aiiHMinted to S.-.7..-..-.0 Ihs.. 
 
 wlli, ll r,ali/ed ^t^.'.l.r.:;. These iish Welv. for tile most part, shipped 111 a 
 fn./en state to eitiier P.ostou ov New York. l'rotital,le as this ilidustr.v is 
 „t the pr.sent ti:,!e. it is un.-easonahle to rNpe<.t it to ,.on1inue so lor an.v 
 (rn.iit iiin.ilM'r of wais unless some .iirasuivs ate adol.te.l to ensure the 
 returning' to 1l„. wat.r. while tlie.v are .vet alive, of all the uii.lersi/.ed tish 
 taken in the ha- nets. When a l.ijl haul is made, it frequeiitl.v happens 
 that all the small fish are dead hefore the euUin^ of the take is eom 
 plete,l, and the u.isaleahle fish are shovelled haek into the water. 
 
 The ahwives. or gaspereaii.\ lisliery. is l.y ik. means as 
 vijrorouslv proseeuted as it miglit L". fl>" -■"f'l' last >>av 
 amountiug to onlv 500 l.hls.. whieh sold at the rate of *4 per harrel. T h. 
 Xd w'ers of this IVov.uee aetually teem with these fish at eertam 
 seasons of the year. 
 
 Alewives 
 
 Lobsters 
 
 Crustacea 
 
 l.,iM,.e Kdward island is parlirularl.x adapted to tie 
 in.lustrv of lohster fishing. Lobsters rai. he found ever.v 
 
 where ahu.^ the .oasts of the Island, and tl oast line is in.hmted w,t„ 
 
 ;„„„„„.,,,,,.. small hays and ereeks whieh form good harbours tor tl ■■ 
 ,„..„. ,.„..M.'ed in this industry. The industry is of sueli great importaie • 
 th.atit should not he allowe.l to .lie .,ut f.u- th.. want ..f I.rop.u- e,.,.s,.rv,. 
 
 .|.,„.,„ ,„,, i„ ,l„, |.r,.viii.... at the present time, 1.-- .■aniM^ries. vain- 
 at *14.-..-l,s in whi.-h •-'.4--"l men aiv ,.mi.h.v..d. To sup|.ly thes.. .•ar,n..v- 
 •no .-,.).-. traps. valu,..l at .+240.474. w, .v .s.-t ,.ut last s.-as.,,,. 1 h.^ pa.^k I- 
 'the's,.ason am.mnt.Ml to 2,2.-,.-..sil^ |hs.. and. in ad.iith.n. 1..S..0 .■.,! w. 
 ,lisp..sed of fresh in fii.^ shell. The lohst..rs paok.^.l. h..w..ver. w...v 
 the most part, very small in size. The i.ra.ti.e ot eannn.g su , ^. 
 stnall lobsters, if permitte.l to eonti.ute, nu.st ot ,te<-es.s,ty prove ta 
 to the lobster paoking indnstry. Tf this i.ult.stry ,s to be perpet.tat, 
 
'l>m-RII.S ..,• viUSCl M.UXKI. (Sl.XXU 
 
 1' 
 
 all the traps us.',! i,iiist W riisiiidii,.,) «. ., t 
 
 from l...i„., ,,,„.,i„ ■,.,, ■"""""•' ^" •'- tH ,„vv,.nt tl,.. snu.ll U,\,.U;-s 
 
 'l-'vi.. Ti„. i„.,.s,.:„-. -.,..,.„.,;■ '■■'"'"'-''■'•-"-.MO, U. ,.,„ , 
 
 <-.s. <s , I,,, i„...„n.i ,.'-:"" '"'"'"'■^ "■'■"''"'""" ■'•-- 
 
 ti.M^'J:::;::::;;::;:;::'-^;v;'''''r^ 
 
 ;;"•-'->■ ■•''■-•.■"lMJ,s,,::':::^ :;;:1;;^J;:7;';:-■ 
 
 Oystv 
 
 'lia! tli,. (|iialily ,,!' ,1,,. | 
 
 'I'i'i'-'' K(luiir,| Islaii.l ..yst,-,- js 
 
 ......,:r;r,,,;;,;;:;:;:;:;';:,,;;;:";™,j*'-'', "-' " 
 
 ;;:::.:;;:;r': = ; ::H,:"";:m"i:r;:s 
 
 '.>->HI 11 lis 1|,|\,- hern CdllS aiith tisll..,l r..,r..,. ll .• 
 
 latioi.>< •,.„! ... , , 'iMi.,1, ^•c.'ai-(||,.ss ,,t seasons or n-sru- 
 
 '■'■n...;:.;*:: ■h:';::;;!:v;:; :;,'s;; ::;;:v:;^ "'-; ■■:•••■ 
 
 '"• 'i v,.r.v ,,roli,al,l.. ,.M,..n,li,n,v is l„.v,„:,l ,.avi| .^ ,|„. , I, 
 
 ■<l'T.-nl,un. ,,„ ,.ra, •finally til,, wliol,. .-oast of 
 
 .■■{7; 
 4.7, 
 
 ■atfll <.rtli.. |(iv\i,,us yv.w. Tin 
 ■■If-.T liliiiili.T oT ,ii.'n u-,.|v ,.]: 
 "■iiiU' I'ai'slioi-t of that of rli,- ,,. 
 
 '"V"'' '"""-'^ -""■ ' -.not i: i;;. ':;!::;;*";:;:,.;;'■':, 
 
 !"Ml,au.Mishin^ in tl.islVovi,:,.,. Willi,,, „,„„,„, ""'■"" "'"" "' 
 
 'li.' Islan.l. 
 
 Quahaugs l-^' -■'■^<"i 12,;{7,s haf,s of ,|ual,a„os uv,v taU,.,. an,| thcv 
 
 ".•.-. s„|,| lor m7o.i. This was a slight in.-ivas.. ov.t tlu. 
 
 -■^- -Hunl... ,,f ,n..n w,.n. ,.,.C;7r r ;'T ''' '^' '''■'''"''' '''''^ 
 
 -... n. s,,oH of , hat .,f ;,:,., ;::"'';;,.'':'''r 7- ''^': :•''''•''• 
 
 ■ \f In.- r;i[-.i.l iat,- of ,i..|,i,.. 
 
 II 
 
21) 
 
 COMMISSION Ol'" CONSKKVATION 
 
 Altliough rlains aro very plentiful and of a k'mxI size, as 
 ^•""^ vvull as of a sph-ndid (inaiity. but little nttentioi. is paid 
 
 to then, the total output last year Lein- only 410 l.Ms.. wldrl, sold for 
 S per liarrel. and :{()0 vases of eanned ela.us. whi.-l, l.rou-ht ^4 per .'ase. 
 The s\ipi)ly iii.iiears to he almost iiiexhaiistihle. 
 
 Kverv iohster packer and all p.'rsoiis en^'ajred in fishing! 
 License ,.,„. ,.„.;i,au>.'s. ovsters or sm.'lts. as well as all non-residents 
 
 ^"' an^'lin.' for trout, are re.p.ired to take out licenses hetore 
 
 they eon.u.e.,ee Hs^.in,'. For these the followin,' fees are re,u.re,l : 
 ' Lobster packers: *5 for first hundred cases ,.acked and *2 tor each 
 succeeding hnndretl cases, 
 t^uahauf: tishernieii : !l<l each. 
 Ovster tislwrnieii :.■)(! cents each man. 
 Smelt fishennen nsinv ^'ill-nets: One cent for every lathmn ot net 
 
 useil. 
 Smelt fishermen usiiif; ha'-'-nets: >)<2 per net. , • , d,o 
 
 Non-residents ansrii..!-' for tn.ut: Koreisrners ^i^:.. British suh.iects $2. 
 
 ne :!<nii mikI Sept. 1st to 
 
 Open 
 
 Seasons 
 
 (^nahaii'-'s: From .Ma.\ Isl to -1 
 
 Sept. :i<»tii. 
 
 Oysters: From October Isl u.i'il tlie ic^e forms over the rivers. 
 Smelts: \vith trill-nets, from Od. ir)th to Feb. irnh. 
 Smelts: With lmf;-nets. fro,, he 1st to Feb. If.th. 
 Lobsters: Queens and Kin.s counties, April 26th to July KHli. 
 Part of Prince County, from May 2r,th to August 10th. 
 
 Trout: From April 1st to September :iOth. See sec. 2b ..t the Act. 
 The warden svstem. as at tlm pr.'seiit time sustained by 
 Warden the Dominion (iovernment for the ..ouservation of the fisher- 
 System i,., „f t,„. I.,,,viiice. .'osts that (iovernment about *H».000 a 
 ,,^v The stHft- of fishery otflcers ....nsists of an ,ns,,ector. four overseers 
 J, d about seventy wardens. This system, in so far as the hsher.es o 
 Prinl-e Hdward Island are concerne.l. has outlived its uset illness and 
 should be replaced liy one that is more efficient. 
 
 The amount of money beinsr now annually expended ni support,,,, 
 the warden svste.n, if judiciously use.l. would be suffi.-.eiit to elTectuall.v 
 nut a stop to all Hshinu' at illeeal seasons ami by unlawtul means. A 
 elerk in tlie tlsherv ot^icc to keep the statistics aii.l receive nitormation, 
 tocrether with a force of six detectives under the supervisio,. ot a strenu- 
 ous otHcer. similar to the Mounted Police ..f the North W est could eas, v 
 W supported by the su,„ now expended: and their enforts. it .nd.-...^^ v 
 airec el would not only do the work that the wardens have tailed to 
 Z, but would cause Prince Edward Island to beeoine the ideal summer 
 resort for foreign anglers. 
 
1 iSllKKlES OF MAMTOBA 
 
 l)ii Miircli 1(J. lllOit, ji Cimmiissioii was iippdintcd liy tlic Doiniiiioii 
 (iovcriiiiifiit to invi'stiiTiiti' the Mslicrics of Maiiitoliii. Coiiiplaints liad 
 lici'ii iriadc llifit the cxistinf.' r-ru'iilatiotis applyiiij; to the Wcsti-rn Pro- 
 vinces, un-i- out ol' (late and imsuitcd to present eonditioiis. These 
 re<.'uliitioiis. ill laet, applied to all of .Manitolia, Saskatehewa... AUierta 
 and tile Xortli West Tirritories. and one of the important tasks of the 
 Coiiiiiiission was to reeoiiiiiieiid that a separate set of reiiujations should 
 he put i:i foi-ee. apply iiif,' only to Maiiitoha ami Keewaiin waters. 
 
 The ( 'oliiinissioii. as tinally eoiisl it iiled. consisted of I'm', K. K. 
 I'riuee, ehairinan. •). I>. IIiil's;, and I), F. Keid. The principal rei-ominen- 
 dations made arc' lieic ijUotiMl without aii> opuiion lieinj; ventured as to 
 their justness nv accuracy. 
 
 In llieir report the Commissioners state that: 
 
 "he one marked ahuse in connection with the ie<'idatioii.s 
 
 IK ...1.: .1. 1 
 
 System 
 
 _icenbnig ^viih'li have for over twenty years heeii in force, has heeii that. 
 
 while a distinction was drawn lietween conunereial licenses 
 and domestic licenses, there actually existed no sui'h distinction in 
 pi-actice. Domestic licenses have heeii constantly used for com- 
 mercial piiri)oses. ami it has heen a matter of coinmoii criticism that 
 the idea of the domestic license has never heen carried out at all. In 
 our present rei-ome- ■ 'ations we meet this ditlHeidty hy aholishinir 
 the comiiiercial i estic license and hy providing for tishiny 
 
 licenses only. apa. he .settlei-'s permit for tishin;; for his own 
 
 use. 
 
 "If hasajipeared to ns nece.ssar.\ to provide for only one type ol' 
 fishiiiH: license, namely, the license to he used hy the frentiiiie fisher 
 man. one liee,ise for summer lishint; and another license for winter 
 lishini; and. instead of the domestic license to he used for food pur- 
 poses, it has appeared to us that tlie issue of a .settler's permit would 
 amply sut'fice. I'nder this permit any settler or Indian I'an tish at 
 any time for his own domestic needs. 
 
 "Inasmueh as tiitxs are Mh.solutely iiecessars on the lakes, we 
 have provided for a spec' ' >u<x license, which will enalih' these ves- 
 sels to do limited tishii,, .,ilierwise then' was the possihility that 
 steam tiiys wouhl not he operated in towinjjr hoats id' the tishermen. 
 an iiiiportant accommodation, uidess stich tu^s had some tisliiii'.' 
 pri\i!eire accorded them. As a matter of fai't, tliis commission lias 
 al'olisiied the ( ommeri'ial Company's license alto^rether. the olijeet 
 hi ie.r t" remove all control l)y eouimereial companies or eomtiines. 
 and In place the fisheries, as far as pnssihle. in the hands f>f the 
 hi, nil pil( fishermen." 
 
 Iferetot'ore the tnetliod of issuing; licenses has lieen e.M-eedinsrly cum- 
 
 ■'■' ' 'I'id h.'is led to '^reat la\it\ in the ent'orcemeiit of the fislierv 
 

 I ' iNiMISSH »N 
 
 ( I 
 
 i\'>i''K\ .\; '< )N 
 
 „.g„latic>n.s. «o„.-,.rnin« this .nntl-r. th. Cmnnissi, rs vrp„vU>\ ms 
 
 follows: , „*,. >i 
 
 •• Ai-MH froM. the ,,,...stion of insuffi nt supervision hihI .-ont.ol 
 
 of fisheA- op.-n.tio-.s. th.T.. .s -point "^ ,--■;•'■••;', ';;";;);:';;;r 
 
 n.s-.,M-tins; the niatt.T of issnm- lie.M.s.-s which vn. think h.i-. ha-l . 
 g o'.l .halt., .lo with the laxity ..n th.- pnrt ..t tlu- ^^^^'"''-'l^^ 
 Lhinp Hnns in the .,l.s..rvan.v .,f ' '" .•■'•^'"'"»'?'"^„, , ' , , 
 issuinir lie..ns..s r..,ui.vs to 1... cfr...tlv naprov.-.l. ,)^ ^'^ ,;;,;,,, ^ 
 the rule for all li.-enses to he nia.le out an.l tssue.l h> tne .l.'i.aitni. nt 
 n Ot twa The n,..th...l is as f..ll..ws: Appiieatwois are sent ,n 
 Ue Mu.nn..n t.. th.- i„sp..etor of Fish.-n.-s u, * ''jl --";;: J, ^."^ 
 enters them on orti-ial f..nns and torwar. s 'l''■'^'"<'^''"" ".''." 
 remarks an.l re,..>Mnn..n,lati..ns an.l witl, th.- iVHU.s.t.. te.- hn . ft. . - 
 Hv su,...rvision ..f th.. Hsliin- op.'rations. tlu- lu-nse sli..uh lu .s- 
 s u.l 1 .' .t ■ V. so that it may he in the han.ls .,1 the tish..rinan 
 Tfor. . .. u^ins'to tlsh. Hut this we hn.l is nev.r .hm.- an.l. un.h-r 
 ?h. present .;nnl.ers..m,. ami nn.n.lah.mt syst..n tn.- hsh..r.m;,.. as a 
 vMile goes to the tishiuK proun.ls. .-arrh-s .... his fishui- op.-rat„.ns L.r 
 sS^ra mlnt^'l!. ami. on his r.-turn from the tislnng ^tvmn.ls ma> 
 then n.,ssil.lv reeeiv.- his li.vnse, th..u?h we hav.- t.mn.l that ... I ...^ 
 8 p -rh 1 as tiv.. ..r six months nu,y elapse aft.M- the fislnng is a 1 ov r. 
 before his li.'en.se n-a.-h.-s him. Thus, his li.-ense whieh .s his an 
 thSv tW .. m.'H.'ins: to fish an.l for .■arryiuK on fishery . . pera- 
 tio, is ev' is possessi.-n n.it.l h.u, after the fish.ns; is ..om- 
 
 ph' ed Th s '. sslv lax m..th...l has a t.m.h.m-y t.. render tlu' l'-"^' • 
 
 t!ul emulit s atta.-h..d to it. unim,..rt«nt^ ^'.^''^^r;: - W^ 1 h s 
 
 enuan. II." po-'S to tin- fish.n--t-'roun,l before h. lias i' * V," T 
 
 ^L. an.l -mt kn..win. wh...h.T he will n-e.-v.- ^' l--- 1,^ ,,, ^; 
 
 has no means ..f b.vomins ae.|uaint.".l with the hsh.-iv i. rriii.ui iis 
 
 Xi.'h aiv p int..l ..n the ba.-k of the lieense. an.l th.-iv is no ... 1 
 
 th . 1 h rJ nnmb..r of the fishermen never s,..- the .■omlitions ..f the 
 
 emt u^il ZV«ft.'r tin- fishing is starte.l. The pivse,^ ^s^.m, 
 
 «lls f..r ra.lieal .-hanpe. but. in a.l.lition to the serious laMt> aiis- 
 
 calls tor a ra.iuai . m.im^, . ,• ., p,. is an a bs.) ute ne.-essity 
 
 z S;::'r.- r.^;2;z:; ^.' o th:'m:;iS:'>:;ion of ti... 0,...,., fish..ry 
 
 S^ff in ll,:;;".;:;;. if any effeetive improveinei. in th.- ..hservan.-e 
 
 and eiifoivment of the law is to be a. eomplish.-d. 
 
 V'o,. imu.v vears. there have been constant .-omplaints that 
 Supply of Manitoba waters were beinp over-fished, an.l that theiv ^^as 
 ''^'''**''' real danger that the whitefish industry, esne-iallv. was b,.,n!i 
 seriously affe-ted. rmieerni„..r th.-se reports the Fisneri.. (•om.,n,.ss,on,.rs 
 
 ,pea. as ^^^^^'^^^^.^^^^ ,, ,.,.,,.^,.,„ ,, .. -;;V:rw ^h^^!!;: 
 

 
 
 ^M 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 i' 
 
 ! 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 I 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ♦ i 
 
 
 ^^^^H^'» 
 
 
 I i 
 
 
 ^^L' 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 
 Bj 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ^^■^ 
 
 
 i* 
 
 
 ^H| 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 '- 
 
 
 ^■j 
 
 
 t : 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 ^ [ 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 FISH PROir iTION 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 1 itures f 
 
 
 1892 
 
 1S93 
 
 1S94 
 
 1895 
 
 IS'.Mi 
 
 1897 
 
 189S 
 
 1899 III 
 
 )0 
 
 -_ 
 
 
 
 
 WhKefisli. . 
 
 4,:{r>t,oi:5 
 
 4,5:50,-.'.5.5 
 t)00,371 
 
 3,416,69s 
 
 4,270,319 
 
 4,, 573, 660 
 1,41S,870 
 
 3,363,803 
 
 3,301,141 
 
 10,000 
 
 1,357,422 
 
 i,, 523,. 520 .Vs: 
 
 10,000 
 1,195,758 J.L>7 
 
 3,4l»i 
 
 Trout . • 
 Pickiivl 
 I'ik.' ... 
 
 .Stiirp'Oti 
 
 59; , .593 
 
 1,261,050 
 
 931,190 
 
 1,343,048 
 
 5.1(> 
 
 ■laii.sa') 
 
 57j,0<)(! 
 
 749,5.sn 
 
 689,395 
 
 934.995 
 
 639,973 
 
 593,278 
 
 2,021,2.5.8 m.30 
 
 9;!,t)90 
 IC.I.S'X) 
 
 37,2(K) 
 ,53,600 
 
 76,270 
 
 18.431 
 
 :',78,.",21 
 
 104,240 
 
 175,74:; 
 
 50.800 
 309,504 
 
 225,619 
 
 447,510 
 
 8,520 
 
 75,790 
 
 303,620 
 
 444,787 ;k 
 15,745 1 
 71.013 1 
 
 239,94j> .'I 
 
 1,.5U 
 7,50 
 
 Caviuiv. 
 
 Percli 
 
 Tiillilioc . 
 
 29,4.50 
 
 278,800 
 
 56,737 
 359,410 
 
 1,21 
 
 Cat!.>li . 
 Coarse V\4i 
 
 ! ,.10(i.-20() 
 
 10,150 
 1,118,150 
 
 ,59,7.3N 
 
 1, OSS, no 
 
 79,721 
 85.S,700 
 
 178.0(K) 
 1,071.800 
 
 92,664 
 827,200 
 
 164,363 
 1,965,1311 
 
 124,653 11 
 1,884,100 
 
 ■:5.8S1 
 
 4,4* 
 
 !.4« 
 7.2 
 
 Gold-eyjs. 
 
 
 16,000 
 
 
 
 Basp 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Consumed at home . 
 
 and not enumerated 
 
 
 1,303,515 
 
 2,020..S4.") 
 10 •260,1 1.^.') 
 
 1,928.230 
 
 1 , S94 , Sof 
 
 817,100 
 
 9.52.1 0'> 
 9,23s;,S74 
 
 .572 .500 1 
 10.129,163 II!,; 
 
 |-<,8 
 
 Total. 
 
 7, 131. ,591 
 
 .S.2.SC.301 
 
 9,170,048 
 
 11,224.293 
 
 7,72.M)14 
 
 14. .S 
 
 n Where blanks occur no figure.s were given in the Fisheries Reparts. 
 
 I '^ ^ t:;'!^:^^,^'^:^^ ^^r^ of the same Report where the production for the 
 
 year is again given, different f 
 
 '««l»i^''Hr 
 
 >;«»r*W-?S« 
 
OD'JCTION OF MANITOBA, 1892-1909 ' 
 
 1 1 ii-nres Rivi'ti in pounds) 
 
 v.m 
 
 .•J75.U«t 
 111,300 
 !»sl,5U<l 
 
 i:.5o() 
 
 l>;,(K)() 
 
 I 
 lil.Wi 
 
 ■: \.m) 
 
 T.JOO 
 
 111, 
 
 HtUl 
 
 ■■.,sr2,40() 7,207,600 
 
 4, 533, 700 
 
 3,050,300 
 
 R00,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 28,500 
 
 802, 0(X) 
 
 5.50.000 
 
 5,022,000 
 
 2(M),0(KI 
 
 |S,SOO 73>»,0fl<t 
 
 I4..sn0 22.7.'-_>,TO') 
 
 7,'Hl,.">iiO 
 .■)>?i iiiiO 
 
 :■• l^l.MiO 
 
 r,i)l).(KIO 
 
 .!0.(XiO 
 
 tll.lHH) 
 
 ^11. .'00 
 
 iiiK).()liO 
 
 7 .ll'iD.IHHI 
 
 .!iii.l,l)i){) 
 
 l.!ni>'j0 
 ■J7 1.'2.-.'i'0 
 
 I'.'IM 
 0,100,000 
 
 0,9C0,(X)0 
 
 3.S-I0,(K)0 
 
 OOO.OOO 
 
 25,0(K) 
 
 I .000,000 
 
 1,, 562, 000 
 
 .500,000 
 
 T,100,(H!0 
 
 10f),n;)n 
 
 1 ,1SO,0(M) 
 :i2.20~,(K)i) 
 
 1!HM 
 9,400,000 
 
 7, 2.50. (MX) 
 1,2S5,(HX) 
 
 000,000 
 .35,000 
 
 140,000 
 2,068,000 
 
 .5.50,000 
 0.765,000 
 
 :;n,non 
 
 1,510.000 
 32.1114.000 
 
 l!tl).5/< 
 S,(V)5,0(HI 
 
 <i.<HMI. 1)1)11 
 3,7'.»0,0(/ii 
 
 000,00(1 
 30,(HKi 
 
 14t,(X)(l 
 2. 074, OIK I 
 
 .5(M),(HX1 
 0.250,(M)(i 
 
 311 .01)11 
 
 1 ,.570, (XII I 
 30.180,111)11 
 
 1900 
 
 0,136.000 
 
 46,0(K) 
 
 0,161,(XK) 
 
 2,S25,0<X) 
 
 325,000 
 
 37,000 
 
 89,000 
 
 1,706,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 4.840,000 
 
 .557, 0(H) 
 
 1.725,000 
 >4.647.0(X) 
 
 I907r 
 
 3,095,000 
 
 1(X),00() 
 3. 095, (XX) 
 2,321,0<X) 
 
 177.000 
 
 17, 5(H) 
 
 S2,0(X) 
 
 1,. 380, 000 
 
 175.0(X) 
 2.0(X),000 
 
 506, 0(X) 
 
 1,665,000 
 16,713,5(M) 
 
 190,8 
 
 3,219,000 
 
 15.2(K) 
 
 2,9.36,000 
 
 2.207,(K)0 
 
 87 , 500 
 
 12,800 
 
 4->,«X) 
 
 477, (XX) 
 
 201,7(X) 
 
 791, (XH) 
 
 0.35. (KH) 
 
 8.87,000 
 11 .513,800 
 
 1909 
 
 4,662,100 
 
 4,600 
 
 5,750,4(K) 
 
 3.067,100 
 
 94,300 
 
 3,600 
 
 64 , 800 
 
 .834,200 
 
 87, 2(H) 
 
 1,317,600 
 
 9.59,200 
 
 3,614,2(X) 
 20.459,200 
 
 Whitcrish 
 
 Trout 
 
 Pickerel 
 
 Pike 
 
 Sturgeon 
 
 (-'aviare 
 
 Perch 
 
 TuUibec 
 
 Catfish 
 
 Coarse l'"i«ti 
 
 (jold-cyes 
 
 Baas 
 
 Consumed at Home 
 Not enumerated 
 
 Total 
 
 , difTerent figures are stated for f oirse 1 ish and Gold-eyes, from those ticre .nioted. 
 
 i«ri»«K=«s&> - 
 
m 
 
 M 
 
 mmm 
 
1 iSillvlJl I S ( 'I M \Ni II il'. \ -' 
 
 liiis ,11:11 vtlloiisly l;.|il ii|i. iiiiil lliat. iidt witlist.miliii^r ii pn'V )il<-..' 
 t'rcli:i)i 111' unciisiii.'ss in n-jTiinl to tlir |)ii'Sfiit (1111(11111111 of Ilii-M' 
 watirs. "itii 'ill' ri'Ntiii'tivi- I'l'^iibitiini.-. wlii.ji »<■ imu n'loiiiiiu'iiil 
 tliiTr is. ill our (ipiiiioii. no I'ciir ol' the rxluiiistioii oi' tli.'s.' lisini'iiv 
 ill tlic limnciliHt)' t'litiiri'.* 
 
 A\M\I. r\Tllll> UN I.VKK WINMI'lii AM' >I liilKsliilt 
 LIMIT \TtON 
 
 '•\V.' haw laktii spiMial pains to asri-rtain with as inin-li ay 
 fiirafv as possiliic thr total anmial siiiiuiiiT cati-in's of whifftisii in 
 rcfciit yiar«^ Tlir ililTnMilly of collalinf: from thi- ofti.'ial pnlilishcil 
 reports aiM'iiratf totals of \\w ratflifs in ilitViTfiit Vfurs has lifeii 
 (iri-at. I Willi.' t • til"' iai-i< of uniformity in thf statistics, and tii(> in- 
 clusion of wiiil«r<ain.'ht ami falli-aut.'lil tisli. 'i'ln'si', an<l olhtT 
 coiifusinu iiuthoils, howcM'r. wc liavr clMwhcrc ri'fcrrt'd to. The 
 
 followill}; tiirures we helieve to lie as aecliratf lis it is possilile for Sllill 
 
 tishery returns to Iw. 
 
 .>! .MMKiMMiiin wiiiii:ki-~ii- i.\kk winmii;!; 
 
 In the roiiiiil 
 
 1<I(I4 r).'2U.ln4 Ills. 
 
 100:, :{.7S().1?<S " 
 
 1!)06 .[ :{,:.6r).!lOs •• 
 
 1907 1.272.00(1 •• 
 
 IMOM 2.:!:i.'),noo " 
 
 1<»0!) 2,162.2!)>< •■ 
 
 1010 2.4tin.s4.'i ■■ 
 
 "The total eateli specified in tlio rejruiatioiis for 1!I10 nipiircil 
 that not more than 2.400.000 His. of whiteti.sli should lie taken; liiit 
 the last lifts of tisli. .just liefore the season lei^ally closed were far 
 heavier than the most experienced men could have foreseen. As a 
 matter of fact, during the last few days of the season, a reduced 
 aiMomit of net was placed in the water in order to a\oid aii.\ excess in 
 the catch over the specified lejial ipiaiitity. hut tin- total catch was as 
 stated id'ovc. There was also an iliidoillited misii!iderstaiidinL' iii 
 regard li <■ total catch as defined in siili-.section 4 of section 12 of 
 the leiiulalions. dated .\pril IS. HMO. which was rcjarded as apply- 
 ing to wliitclisJ! ill t!ie round.' whereas on the lake it was (reiierally 
 iinderstooil hy the Hsheriucn and the ti.sli hiiyers that the total 
 *iuaiitity spe ■ilied was to apply to 'dressed" fisli. In the recoiiniieiida- 
 fioiis we make in the iireseiit report, the limit we specify is for 
 ■dressed" whiteilsii. It is sjenerally held li\- practical men in the fish 
 husiiiess that the difT'ereiice lietweeii the ■dressed" fish and fish in the 
 'round' is ahout one-eitrhth of the total weiirht. 
 
 "Coiisiih'fahle dissatisfaction arose from tlic fii-t that in the 
 order in council the expression 'In tlie round' was used, which, of 
 course, consiihTahly reduced the total amount of fisii. and the pro- 
 
 • In 1904. in the npriod of iirirestrirted fishing, the catch of sii-nmer-caught 
 white-fish in the round in lake WinnipeK, was ."..•>i44.r.l4 Itis. as jriven above; 
 while in 1909. the last year of the unrestricted fishing perioii. it was 2,!62.29S lbs. 
 
I DM MISSION' 'II I ()NSl.l;\ \ IM iN 
 
 porfioiiN wliii li, l).v iirniiii.'1'infiif. rm) paiiy whs pifpiirfil 
 
 hiiiMll"' l'"r<iiii tlif inl'ciriiialioii wiiifli Iiiih Im'cii plinfil In run- 
 thfi-f i> .slt•^«ll^' i-ciiHdii ti. liili.'Vi- tluit tlif limit of '2.4i)t),(l(MI pom 
 wiw not originally inti'iulid tn n^lVr ti. 'r-iiiiul' fish, liiit tn •(iresN 
 tisli, mill our ncoiniin'iKliitioii woiiM. f li<-ri-l'orf, \»\ that a riiaxii' 
 limit of the siiiiiiiK r ■atcii \<f piuvidrd. Init tliat ij lie pla.-f.i 
 2.r)()(l.(MHI piiiiiids of whiti'tish in a dri'ssrd rondition." 
 
 ■riicrc lias lii'fn niui'li dilVi'i'itin- ol' opinion a.s to llic 
 
 Summer visaltilitv of pfri.iittint.' tli<' rontinua-u'c of sinnmiT tisliinj 
 risnlnc' • ' , , .1. 
 
 Manitolia lakrs. It lias l.rcn assert. '.I that twt-iity-tivi' 
 
 «'cnt. of till' snmiiii'r caiiKliI lisli were lost owiii^ to storniN pn-vcritiii',' 
 ovorliaiilinjr of the mis n^iiilarly, and thi' lisli In-iiur li'I't in tlir nics 
 died and pollntnl ih.' ImIms The ( 'onunissiomrs treat tiiis (piestioi 
 somo li'n){tli. Tlit-y sa> ; 
 
 "To the main |(oition of the iniri'im report, iinanimoiisl.v aiii 
 
 ti) li\ tl miiiissioii as a whole, thire were added two ma.jo 
 
 reports, each liearintr the siunatiires of two iiienilieis of the eom 
 sion-one report distii".:uished as adihndnm A 'pane 11 of tin 
 torim report' which nru'ed that lake Winnipei: had reached sm 
 
 serious cojnlition in tl pinion of the ma.jorily that the total clo: 
 
 of th.' lake to all summer tishinir was justitiaMe, commencinir \ 
 the ensent year 1!U1. suc'h •Insure to continue until ividence 
 forth ins that Ihe tishiry rcsouri'is of tlu' waters mnneil 
 n.o- . .'.I in a measure their former phntilude. This 1- •ommei 
 tion for -■losin'i lake VVinnipeir was adopted hy the ilepariment. 
 would have come into force durinir the present year. 1!M1. in 
 ordinary course of events. I'.y order in council, .late., April IM. 1 
 sei'. rj.' suh-scc. !t. it is provided that after the year 1"lil._ ( 
 mciciai summer tisli in?.' shall he prohihited in lake WinnipcL'.' 
 
 ■'The second ma.jority report, distinirnislied as addendni 
 I pa«'e 12 of the int. •rim r.'port . susrsrests that th.'re slmuhl he a I 
 imp.is.>.l ..n th,- annual .•at.^h .)f whit.'Hsh taken durintr the sun 
 ^•as..n. dune 1 to Am^'ust 1."). an. I this r.^conun.^ndation of two 01 
 
 tiir f the .•mnniissioners was ad.>ptc.l liy the d.'partment 
 
 nn^ncirT with th.' simmer lishintr ..p.'rations ••( HMO. By or.l. 
 .oun.-il ahove nam. .1. se.^. 12. suh-s.-.^. !t. it was provnl.^.l tli 
 ■iMiriti" th.' summer .•nunn.r.^ial seas.. 11 .if HMO, not more than 
 ledlion four hun.lr..! th.iusami (2.400.000 pounds in the roui 
 whitetish shall h.' taken. As soon as su.^h .pmntity is cauirht 
 Inspect. .r of Kishi^rics shall I'r.h-r all nets t.) he tak.'ii ..ut ol 
 
 water.' „. ■ £.11 
 
 •Willi r.>s|..^ct totheclosinirof lake \\iniupcfr. we teel lioni 
 
 on.'c to .-all attention to the important fa.'t. that evideli.e ol 
 
 .leclin.' of the lisli. 'rv resources of lake Winnip.'Sl to the serious e; 
 
 .'eneralh alleired has not lieeii amply borne out by our suhsei 
 
 hivcsti^'.-tti-iiH hvA that, in suite of the ev.'essiv.' fishiii!.'. or 
 
 tist'iin'.'ras has been allowed, tlie su|.ply of whitefish in lake Willi 
 
 is still enorm.Mis and iriv.-s no sutH.-ieiit ground for serious tear 
 
 th.' fntnr.'. The sub-.ommiftee whi.-li visited the hsliin<r '-'r 
 
 iift.'r th.' end of the summ.'r tishiuir operations and persoiiallv t 
 
 -rms M ir. - : 
 
 wrra 
 
IISIIKUIIS <)| MAMK 111 \ 
 
 )ri'PHn'il to 
 
 I 111 rin'f (IN 
 (HXI |)(iuiii1k 
 to "(IrcsiMMr 
 H iiiiix'ii'iiin 
 I' pliii'i'il at 
 
 4 to tjir ail 
 i<r tisliiii^' ill 
 iif.v-tivi' |irr' 
 I'Vi'iitiii',' till- 
 
 tlir liu'sllt'S. 
 
 i|iii'stioii at 
 
 Dllsl.N alTffCll 
 
 wo majority 
 till' rouiinis- 
 
 II of till' iii- 
 
 iclli'il Sllrll a 
 
 total I'losintr 
 
 ii'iH'iiisr uitli 
 
 • vidi'iii'i' was 
 
 iiaiiit'il liad 
 
 !•■ •OllllllclKla- 
 
 ii'Tiiii'iit. aiul 
 mil. ill till' 
 pril IS, Ifillt, 
 r unit, I'oiM- 
 iiiilii'i-'. ' 
 
 iii(ii"i<iiiiii u 
 
 lilt III' a limit 
 : till' suiimicr 
 of two out of 
 iitiiii'Mt com- 
 iiy oi'iliT ill 
 viiii'il that 
 loi'c tliaii two 
 till' I'ouml of 
 s I'au'/lit. tli(> 
 '!i out of the 
 
 fi'i'l lioiiiiil at 
 
 illcllri' of till' 
 
 serious I'Xtciit 
 ir sultsi'iiui'iit 
 liiisr. or ovor- 
 ikf \Viiiiii]>('g 
 mis fi'ar as to 
 sliiii<r trrounil 
 soiiallv ti'sti'il 
 
 ii|ii'i'ial loi'alitii's wliiili hail Im n aliamloni'il Imi aiisi' of lln' KiippoMiil 
 total ili';>lilion of lisli. t'oiiinl I'viijiin'i' li\ srtliiiif nils that thr ilrplc 
 tii'ii was far Irss M'rious iluiii luui Ihiii allfU'iil. nml thai thr iinaiin 
 luki'ii for flioroiiirlily iiiM'stiifalini; llu' stati' of tlirsc irrmimls .'stali 
 liMlii'il this niiiarkalili' nsiilt, that tin- fiars aiiti'ipati'il liy many 
 \V(T>' not I'i'ali/i'ii ami that tli.' ari'as ri'fi-rn'.l to ilnl not show siu'iiH 
 of thi' ilaiiw'tr of imiiii'iliati' i\haiistion. It is trui' that tli.' si.i' of thi' 
 tisli appiari'il to Iuim- ■h'.iiasi'il somiwhat, liut tln' ipiaiitit,\ of whitf 
 fish alioiimliiij.' ih tlirM' .n-i'as hail not ili-.-r.-asi'il lo tlu' cxti'iil that 
 hail I'i'i'ii I'ommoily i-laimnl. Wf do not tliiiil;. Ihiri'fori'. that, in 
 view of this I'viiiiiH-,'. ami in virw of tlii' I'ai-ts awrrtaiiu'd. thi' ron 
 titi'iHliri' of till' prohihitioii of HUiiimi'i' fishiiiir is jiisliliaMi' ; and \vi 
 sti'iMi(fly ri'i-omim'iiil. thi'ii'fori'. that tin- liist |iart of suh .'.ii-tion !• of 
 
 siTlion 12 of tl rdi-r in < nimiil of April Is. l!i|i». ln' ri'si'lndrd. To 
 
 cIiiM- down summer lishini; uperations in aii.v i-asi- would he a most 
 .serious step and liaxe far rea'hins; i'oosei|Ui'nies on the industries of 
 the proviii.e. .\iiil iIiIm iiiipoi'tant faet must lie hi.riie In mind, that 
 lake WiiiiiipcK is fli.' only souree of supply for- fresh whilelish on 
 whicli the wi'slein Caiadiaii and other markets in the Dominion laii 
 depend. a':d tin' i losinsr down of summer (ishiiikf would therefori' 
 deprive a lai;'e part of our popnlation of any siipplv of fresh white- 
 fish diirinir the s'.immer seasoii. The summer fishinu' is I'arried on !n 
 a part of this 'rieat lake the shores of whieh an' almost r'ntirelv 
 without population and not likel\ to I"' settled for a eonsiderahle 
 fim'- oi, ai-eniiii! '■( Ihe speria! n.-'tiire of the eoiintry and its not heinu' 
 adapted for a"ri 'itiiiai purposes Tin- somewhat satisfaetory siiins 
 wlii. h mir fni-tln r iiivistitrationv havf shown as to the state of the 
 fish supply in the iMirthern portion of hike \Vinni|>e!r. would not 
 .justify, ill our opinion, the induslrial dislocation to which we refer, 
 vi/. : the stopfia','!' of an important tislier\ eiiterprisi'. and the eiitti ii; 
 otf of a valued and Meeessai'\- supply of fresh (isli t'or our own |o."i| 
 ' 's in the i\c-st and for c.-istern mark-ets," 
 
 ,„^. ^ ^ That sonietliin'; should I"' done to increase the si/e of the 
 
 Wliitefish 1 ■, c 1 I • , . . „ 
 
 .Size Limit wliiteli.sli cailfflit was reeotfiiized l>\ the ( oiiimissioncrs. ulio 
 
 stall' that thev are convii d Ihat a ininimiim si/r limit for 
 
 the mme impo: ta.it foitd lishes is alis'iliitely necessary. Toipiote: 
 
 "We. therefore, recommend that certain sizes of (ish should he 
 sjiccitii'il in the reirulations. helow which no fish can he leirally cap- 
 tured. We also recoiiimeiid that the leiral mesh of the various nets 
 slionld he increased. An iiierea.se in the si/e of the mesh of nets 
 means, of eoiuse. that ipiantities of iiet iiou leL'all.\ in use would 
 lieeiniie useless unless sutlieieiit notice of a chantre Were L'iven and 
 time allowed for wearing out the presi lit nets and for ohtainintr a 
 supply of new nets of lar^'er itiesh. We. therefore, in our [ire.-., nt 
 recommendations, have adopted the plan of erradiiall,\ imreasins? the 
 si/e of mesh with a siitlicieet interval of tinu' to allow the fi-hcrmen 
 to provide tliemsehcs with ih'ts in accordance with the promised new 
 ret'iilalions. We cannot resist tlie con-lusion that liv u'radiially in 
 crpasingthe mesh in this way less hardship will he felt hv the tislier 
 men and tiie fish firms and the averatre size of fish taken will, of 
 
 m 
 
( oMMlSSloN <" I ONSI K\ Ml' 'N 
 
 HHi.v. 1«. ,..M.rov..,l. Th.. .,u..H,.on Kan lu.n y^;;^;^^ ^l^l 
 
 ,n„tur.-H..ri.rcMlu..N.i;«s 111. M" lu.M... M„„itnKH, 
 
 ::;:,-;l:^;;^;,Tz;i,:;\;r:.':.p»:.i.;;.^™..::-:; 
 ::h;t:;:::i::.,s:;:t:;:.f';i:'^;:::t:f;i ::-;:- -^ 
 
 „r„< mi.liiiiil » nmli" '"I" ■ "'"" "' " 
 
 f„r l,«l.l"r> |."r|...-» ,„,,„, ,,„.,„„, „„ll..l .n ll ■■■"li- 
 
 ,,Mi;:vr;!;,;:;:::;i;::i.:;:s ™;^»PV'';'t:;nr's!;: .: •': 
 n^^, ;:;l:;^:';;:;:::N:;f.'^';i; -•■«;;::;: j;:,:-,s: 
 
 twu pown.ls ih u. li-'Ht »."" '' I",- 1 ■, „„, (•„„„niHsi,m is awMr 
 
 .luriMKtl..M.nM-,..l.n).' wii.t.r , .MU-IU . t" _^ ^.^^^^ 
 
 still l„.l.l in ...M ston.^'. '1' ^^"^^"1"-' ;■ " , ,, .f ,.ff...tual 
 
 t„ I... ,H. sal., for ll..'in. Th..,v apiuars t. I ^ . ^ 
 
 st,.,M.n,. .his .jM-tun. ...• w .,. -s ... 
 
 Sr,:ii:r::n:::::::u::i:;:l.-".is^. -"-^"'^••'^t 
 
 ,,,,,,::;;\;:\;™;ri;;\ "11 ;....., --;-;;t,r=;;^ 
 
 s,„ali wl,it..tish .■ontwn...s. "'^ "',;; ;'„^; ! l,^ t,' san-tlo' , 
 
 ,„,M.t shoul.l .... tin; n.,m-t of »;' ;;',;, ,-., i,,,,, ,..„.ns^ 
 iss,„. of li.-...,s,.s to.- ...-ts o1 OSS ; ^ : \,,. ^;.,,i,,.fi,,, s,„ 
 
 ..H.nmirr on irroiitK s known to Ih " itv>ii ♦!. . inU-..^ nl" 
 
 ,,,.,,,., „..tssh....H,.ot I..- P.;-^ 
 provii..'.' wIht.' tli.'ic .!- •! !'■ 
 
 „,, . , . „ ,,, ». ,. ,.xist of xvliit-tisli ./n......ls an.l 
 
 ,1isti„iruish..l. wl.il.- otl..-.- w,t....ss,.s ' ; ' ;™ ,,., s,.par, 
 the vari..ns fislii...,' -rounds aii.l n" 'list.... t .... as 
 
'■"^ 
 
 i<«lll K il S III \t \\l I . II' 
 
 uU\</'' 
 
 jh till' «a> rlaitiit'il liv iitlit'T witiii'SM'M Tln' milx iVjixililf imirx*- 
 li|i|ii'lll> I'l '"■ •" t*il> ll|Miii the ii|iiiiiiiil III' till- I liN|w'liif 111 l-'i-iii r IS. 
 
 Ill- i-ciiiM ri-iiilil> iiHi-iiiaiii lii-liirt- ri-'-'iiiitni-inliiij: IJi-i-iiM-s if ii u mh 
 will' til tiliow NMuill iiii-slii-ii pH-ki-ri'l iii'ts or ri-l'usr tln-ni. iiint in tliix 
 vvHV ri'iiiii-i'. <ir riitifi|\ put an i'IhI tu. tin- ili'sti-iiitimi ami slii|'iMiiif 
 ol' niiihII llliili'r-Mi/»'i| wliitftisll fur wllii-ll tllrl'i' i» ll" ilrinainl 
 
 -tiii'g'fin 
 
 ( 'iilli-i-riliii'.' till- >tll|-i:i-ii|i !i>.||i't'ir> tin- • 'iiiniiilsj«iiihi-rv Iimm- 
 this til »av : 
 
 "111 iiiii' iiitfriiii fi-piifl iif Nnvi'iiilii I' 2ti. 1'"'!'. pakfi- I". \M- fi' 
 riMiiiiii-iiiii-'l lliat till- i-\piii-t liiiiM till- pi'iiviiii-i- iif .Miiiiiliilia 'if Htiif 
 t'l'iiii anil iif ravaiti'. whii'li is tlii' pn-pai'i-il ami riiii'd riii' of thi' slur- 
 (;i-iiii. Ill' pi'oliiliiti'il oil ami aftii' •laiiiiai'.v 1. IIMn. l-'oiu' l'l'aN■lll^ Ii.hI 
 
 NM'i^lit witli IIS ill iiiakiiii; this n iiiiiii'iniatiiiii. nan l\ : •] tin- 
 
 iiiii|<iiilit<'<i lii'i'liiii' in till' suppls of stiir^i'iiM in tin- laki's iuiij rm't-s 
 of till' |irii\ iiii'i'. 'I'liis ili'i'lini- is niiU'li ifii-atir tliaii tlir pol'lislii-d 
 statistii-s iiiilii-ati' : ami. imliril. tin- I'l'tiirns iliiiiiiif tin- last iniii- or 
 tivi- yi-ars liavt' not imlii-ati-il rati-lii's of stiirtri'oii in Manitolia watirs 
 pi'iipi'r. Iiilt liavi' imlinli'il lar'.'i' takis of sIih-l'i'om in I In- Ni-lson rivi-r 
 anil ill till' imrtlii'i'ii wati-rn in Kii'watin. iirvt-r liifoi'i' i-oinirii'i'i-iallv 
 i-\|iloiti'il. '2 Stiit'ni'on liavr always lii'i-n a slajili' artiili' of fooil 
 witli IiiiIIhiin. ami in past vrarstlii' Drpartnuiit lias laiii stri'ssnn tlii- 
 iiiipdrtaiH-i' iif this lish as a soiiri-i' of siisti'iiaiiri' for tin' Imliaii 
 triiwH. i'S|)i'('iallv tin- northi'i'ii triln's. CI i 'I'lii' iinfi'asi-.l vahii' and 
 the iiu'ri'asi'd di'inand. I'spi-rially in foi'i'ii;n iiiarkris. for . nxiari' mnl 
 siiiokt'il stiirt't'on ; ami tlir >;fi'al'> iin-rrascd prirrs i'iins'-i|ni-iit on this 
 iri'o\viiii_' ili-iiuiini has stiiinilati-d ii di'siri' on tli> (larf of lish tiriiis to 
 
 iiiaki- lariii- rati'hi's of stiii't'i Wlii'i-i'Vi'r stiirir'nn oi-iiir in CiniiidH. 
 
 flii'i-f has lii'cn, in i lit yrars. i'\ii'\ itTorl iiuidi' to i-iiptiiri' thi'iii. 
 
 and. it must lir addi-d. to i'\ti'i'iiiinati' tlii'in, 4 Tlii' ai'timi of tin- 
 [ntrriiatiniial Kishi-rii's < 'omiiii.ssiiin. whirh. in tin' rodi' of I'l'iriihi 
 tioiis pii'parrd l)\ tlniii. pmvidi' that stiir>;t'oii tishinsr should hi' 
 stoppi'i! for four yiars, is of ui'isrlit in this ■■oiiiii'i'tinn. 
 
 Limitaiions 
 Proposal! 
 
 Thr I'oll'iwiiiir IS a siiiiniiai'y of tin' iiriin-ipal limitations on 
 ii>liiii:..' Mi^iri'sti'd h\ till' < 'ommissioin-i's. for .Manitohn wati'i-s: 
 ll i .\ ronsidi-ralih' di'i-i'i'a.si' in tin' amoiint of int and '-'I'ar 
 to hi' usi'd liy till' Hsliinp tiijrs; 
 
 2' Till' lii.iitatiiin of thi' total aiinuiil siimmir I'atrh of uhiti'lish . 
 
 i:!i Till' ih'liiiiitation of tlm ai'i'a to 1 inmi-i'i'ianx tishnl in >irii 
 
 Iiii'r ; 
 
 i -I ' A strii't ohsi'rvami' of Ihr slnirli'tii'd lishini.' s.-msoii . and 
 I .'i Coiiliniiii; tlii' main lishiii}: opi-ratimis stricth to lisln riin'ii 
 risidiiiK ill tilt' I'roviiii'i'. 
 
 Afjiiiii. owiiifi t-> thf i:iit!iy n-j)rrS"ntat i- -MS -uHd" 'v t''=^hi-i'!i!!'!i to tin- 
 C'liiniiiissioMt'rs, thi-y rt'coimnended that fall tishins; fritiii Si'pti'iiilii'r 1st 
 to Oi'toliiT l.')th lie also hUowihI in the soutlu'rii portion of laki' Winnipi'); 
 (si'i' pp. 20 ami 21 of tlmir Heporf. as it is alh-sri'd that winter tishinsr 
 CJ' Milt hi' i-ari'ii-d on tlii'fi' to aiiv extent. It was also rlaiiiied that tisher- 
 
 •mr*' 
 
,_^ iONJMISSION Of lONSl-inATION 
 
 > -'"■ -i»;.,;s:;,ri;»"f." ;Xh!':^,;;';(;;:s'S,' 
 
 S r;:rtl;;:::^:s;:,":;rs.rsi;. p, 
 
 skift's ...ly slio.iM lu' US.M1 l.v 11... HsluT.M..n. a.ul tl.at a liuns. I 
 •t;;l.n() lie Irvicil 
 
 „ . Tlu. <'..<nn.ission.Ts stat. that, until al...nt Hv ^var^ 
 
 F°Jh''" An,-ri..an ...upauies l,a,l U..,.,. ..ontn.liin, tlu- mark..t.. 
 
 Companies ^,,,„i,„,,a Ms!.. Tlu's.. ..Mnpani.-s. it was ass,Tt.Ml .-M 
 
 WlMl,. tlu. Vr.ilc.l Stat..s -•..,npa>n..s now a.v s.n.p 
 
 ,.!,asors. having' .ontnnts ^^^ ' , ■'' ;.;\\'' , . ' ,„ir..nu.Hts of tl 
 ,ular supply of "f ' ;•' •';;;;^ V^ .>o>n tl!.. -ontrol of tlu 
 
 l,„s.n..ss.ss....,m..l, '".',„;.,„., ,i,,,.. ,, VV..11 nigh i-np. 
 ,i,,„. ,.n ♦l''V'^''V7V'; ,!',,'' Han .ohsumu... ..ou.plaius 
 Tlic hii-'l" pn....ot hsh aIm.1i tin ' ' , ,. ,) ,„i,l,ll..n.. 
 
 aris-s. it must 1... a.hn,tt...l. '''•'?. V'^'' is a « tlu> su.all 
 
 ''-''■'"■ ''''!;,::^:;:;;;:r;;: .-lsp!rpouu.,pn.Htonwi, 
 nn--u.u -■'•■•>■ -•''•-';-:.:l':;::i.:v 
 
 way 
 Itei'ii possil)l.. 
 
 fi-,-. /I'ls a lit 
 
 aiv suc'o a .•onv.:iir'M-.. 
 
 fnrnisliii't;' siipnl'''^ ii'' 
 
 tianillc llu. 
 
 ^'"" ^'''' ;th,. tish..nn.MMntlu.irfisuu,,o,,,, 
 inaMn,ltitu.l..ofwaysta...l.tatn.|^ 
 „|sr iiav.. tlu. n.sp.uisilnhty ot tlu i 
 
 f.ii..r. »»*■'■ >''r,;;*'r;ii"- -'*■»■ "'i'^ 
 
 «... *■ ■"i>^i",-^ '" ''\ r"' ,«iiti.i«.»i»f»fi''»»™ 
 
 ;■:;S■;ll;:^^:;;li:; ■;;::' ;;:"-"'>»•''- "» 
 
 ■' •"'""'-" ''V »:;\;;::r«::::,sr;:;:.:;M-.;;==« 
 
 ;:;•;;;*;:^r■^;:;::i;.■:,.f.•|«;»«i»':^l;;;;:;3^!:t 
 
-1 
 
 &»->■ 
 
 [••|SIIKI<li:S t >!■ MANMTOI'.A 
 
 «'s and frt't'z- 
 fort- tin- pro- 
 
 Itl (•OllllfC- 
 
 t fall fisliiiisr 
 that no niorp 
 t t)f si't, that 
 licciisi' I'ft' of 
 
 ivc years a^o. 
 inarkctiiii: of 
 
 •tl-.l. fXIxTtl-ll 
 
 ^, A (•oniiiit'i'- 
 an concerns to 
 lands of Can 
 ish wonld find 
 
 had foruicrlv 
 :is followed, 
 iiiply t!ie pur 
 ch heavy pnr 
 whereby a re 
 iMits of the tish 
 i(.l of the hinrc 
 ieh iiiipossitilc. 
 oiiiplaiii'* about 
 iliddlenien wtm 
 he small retail 
 hat the nndillc 
 fit on whitelish. 
 
 not more than 
 
 companies whc 
 <hip them fresh 
 )tit. It must he 
 •ect and operate 
 
 the tuL's which 
 liinfi operations 
 litatini: the tisl: 
 
 of the rise an.l 
 of Imsiness j;en 
 ns. snppl.v net^ 
 ch tlie iiid\isti\ 
 ir less marjiin "' 
 ish to the rctiiil 
 
 lecomes exeessi\c 
 iiadian waters h.v 
 (h.^tcrs. at ll'v 
 ed States huyns 
 i,il dealers apiil> 
 c refused on i'^' 
 
 Fisheries 
 Patrol 
 
 ^rround that, under the existing system of selliiij; to iidddlemeii. the 
 fish companies decline to sell to the retail (iuiadian dealers. If 
 it is possible, by some departmental measures, to carry out an ar 
 ran^'emeiit whereby the lisli companies shall .sell diieitly to the retail 
 dealers at the lowest possit)le prices. Canadians may then secure as 
 clieaj) tisli and as jrood i|uality as do the cnstomci's of the lai'Sfe 
 I'nited States comjianies. 
 
 " I 'iiiler present <M(ndilions ( 'anadians when buyiiif; fish actually 
 pay a profit to four dilVerent persons, vi/... (1 i the tishcinien (2* the 
 wholesale fish dealer ( .i ' the jobber or middleman (4i the ri'tail fish 
 (h'aler." 
 
 The iiuitter of more i'i<;id |.a1rol of the lakes is oue that will 
 re(piire more serious consideration than it has received in the 
 l)a.st. There have been freipient ;dle^'ations of incompetence 
 concerning the inspectors, but when the eircmristances under which these 
 men iiave to work, are consider-ed it is perhai)s not so surprisitiii that this 
 work has been but imperfectly done. In the first plai-e. the patrol boat 
 used is too lar^ie ami slow for such work, and <;ives early warniti'.' of its 
 approach to all persons enfraf^ed in illegal operations. Mesides. the in- 
 spectors are mostly r«'sidents who receive but small pay for their services, 
 and can hardly be expected to take the risk of having the ill-will of their 
 
 neighbors by forcing pro.secutions. Then. too. the areas to b vered 
 
 by tile ins|)ectois are much too extensive for thorough work. In this 
 rcirard. the Commissioners report as follows: 
 
 •"Few peojilc are alile to I'cali/.e the vast extent of the area \\hi( h 
 the orticers have to cover, and the immense waters which should be 
 
 regularly patrolled if proper supervision is to I xercised. The .s<'ale 
 
 on which the fishing ojierations is carried on. both in winter and 
 smuiner. is most extensive, ami it wonld appear that for interests so 
 vast as the fishcrii'S of .Manitoba and Keewatin. there should be a 
 division of labour and that one officer should not have to cover such 
 an immense geographical area as the present conditions rc(piire. 
 Till ic should be some central inspector's ofllce in the provinci-. . ,tab- 
 iished where the principal otiicer could be consulted by parties on 
 fishery Imsiness. He sliould have authority to issue licenses and 
 save the serious delay whi<-h at jireseiit is so great an obstacle to the 
 etVective workiiiu' out of the government's poli<-y of protection and 
 preservation <d' fish. He shoidd make weekly returns to the depart- 
 lue'it of the licen.scs issiu'd and remit the fees collected, l-'or the 
 reasons which are ajiiiarent. we do not f'avour the pi'csent system of 
 a nmiienms staff of poorly paid fishery overseers, and a still more 
 iiiadcipiately paid stall' of" fishery guardians. The whole territory 
 should be under the supervision of six or eight active and properly 
 paid fishery oversee's. who would have their patrols specified by the 
 prineipal oflRcer or district iu.speetor. " 
 
 That there is an ever increasing need of more fish hatcheries 
 
 Needed "' '» Manitoba, and. at the same time, a more seientifie operation 
 
 of those alreadv in existence there, seems to have been im- 
 
,„ COMMISSION ol (.ONSKKVATION 
 
 ,. S...I v.TV slroMwMv o„ th.. Co.nnission.rs. Tlu-y ass.-rt tlmt son,, of 
 H T . 4^ w, ; not .„ operation at all for on. or tw. s..asons. 1 In. 
 *'"■ . . , ainlv U... ,o nnsn.ana,.Mn..nt in tin- -natt.-r ot l-ro 
 
 rnrin.' spawn WhU- wl.it.-«sli whv h.Mnf: tak.-n an.l shipp.'.! -> tin . . 
 cut mt: spawn. i,.,t,.l„Tics eitlirr n-ci- v.mI nn spawi 
 
 lirnl .lurin" tin' spawnni'^' season, (he hat. loins. lUM 1 1 ■ 
 
 , ' :,. ,.iv. I it in su.l. l.a.1 .on.lition that it was aln.ost .■nt..vl> 
 
 : .: ;r 1- L Conunission.... -lain, that th. Selkirk hafluTV . 
 
 . ■ In- U.e propagation of whit.tish. whi.-l, ever sn... .1 
 
 .-•■» ;'"! '"7 '••■,;:":;;;;: :i;;;,::i;'::;;.™ni'. 
 
 i,n:;::;;';;'t :;^, ;:;:...;r". .■•;-■;■ -— 
 
 Maiiiti.ha are si;ie!ii,ir!y laeknif.'. 
 
 ,,„.;„., ,„ ,1,.. ,a,.k of ae..urate inforn.ation. eonsi.lerali 
 Ki"' h.»'n's^ .-ists as to the hahits an.l n.oven.ents ot Manito 
 gations 
 
 g» n.,, •11,,,. vi.'.ws .,f ..M.erien,.e,l tishennen are '"o«t '•ont, 
 
 ..^.-. »■■' ;-;;!:;::;:;:;;:.r::;'.Ctr;:-* 
 
 ""'• •'" ' ■ , ,,„ „|,i,,.|i.k ,.i,.k.r.-l. Mim'o". <^»-'>' ""•' '"'"■' •" 
 
 :r,;,t:!::. .:; T<.u....«< *..i «•■ «•-""- - - " 
 
 pnitahle ])laee. 
 
 K...,„,,in.. extensions of tin.e wl.i.-h the Departnu-nt 
 Exeensions , ,,..nn.ntlv in.portune.l to n,ake. the Co.n.n.ss.oners .-onun 
 of Time ,, 
 
 lis (oUows: 
 ..Thea..partnn.nt.s.attpne.s,...l,^P^ 
 
 ,„„aif.v tin- .--'Hiations. espeeial. t^^^«' J ^ ^,,,-,,, „„, ur 
 
 i.,g seas..).. i:.'.,u.-sts '''•■ PJ ' ' '^J\" ,.ri..us shorta-.e in 
 ,„. ..va, f.nv.. ;-;-, ^^^ ;„::Tm;t' in hel.alf of the fisher 
 season s .a •• I ..1 Us h. n I ,,,.^i t„ haiuUe as lar^'e, 
 
 un.l file tish hnns that thev "'f "';,„„. ,,in suffer seri.Mis 
 ,.,,er .-ateh of «;?'';-';';;;;;''„, :l;;i,e then, t.. make u, 
 
 tin- .leti.'ien.-y m th.' '■»*'''■.',',,■,.,, .,,„„.„r. f.>r s.„„.' ivaso 
 
 that, .li.nn^ >i s.^is-.n "■;; '^; V , , 'i„ ^^ w ,„a.l.. f.>r h„ in- 
 other to be espe.ially s.ar.-e._ ..•.,"_. s.^^sluu^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^_ ^^„^^ 
 
 ,,1 (le.slin.ti.v.i oi lie!. 1^ .1 ... . ••■ , , opinio,. N^liel 
 
 ,„,„„>se ..f the apparent «'•»'•- ♦>,*J;;,. „, j, pVe.-isely the 
 (isli. for soin.' reason. app<"Hr to l.e s. aT( . . tiih. i 
 
I 
 
 ISmivli S oi- MAXITor. \ 
 
 jl 
 
 SOIIll' ot 
 
 IIS. This 
 r of pro- 
 >• ttif caf- 
 iin spawn 
 : I'litircly 
 itcluT.v is 
 sini'i' its 
 .11. Tiifv 
 •ly liccoiil- 
 locati'd. it 
 
 lllHlll'lull'll 
 
 h.^.l. Tlu' 
 
 ial)li' asset 
 
 wntiTS lit' 
 
 iiisidcralil*- 
 
 ■ Mfiiiitolia 
 Bst I'ontra- 
 itctisli tirst 
 
 ■ till' white- 
 st prai-tical 
 mid spawii- 
 
 otlitM- COlll- 
 < advise tlie 
 some otliiT 
 
 lartineiit is 
 <rs eomiiieiit 
 
 teiupimiril> 
 1 of the fish 
 I and iirtred 
 ,rta'_'e in tlu' 
 he fishermen 
 s lar^e, or " 
 I' serious loss 
 make ui> fill 
 leavs Strang" 
 ine reason oi 
 ir an ineieas 
 1 i)e allowed 
 on. uheii til' 
 selv the tim. 
 
 tliat tlie.v siioidd lie eoii.>Jerve(l. and the extensions asked lor appear, 
 therefore, to lie imwisi and iiii necessary from a tish iirnteetion point 
 of view. Siieli extensions, we have information to siiow, have often 
 proved of no lieiielit at all to \\\v [larties who askeil for tlieoi. When 
 an extension is asked ami the season is |enj;tliened it often results 
 in lishiiiLT operations liein;,' continued after the stormy season has 
 he'jun. cntailiiij.' i;reat loss id' ;rear. and certainly a waste of con- 
 siderahle c-iilches of Hsh. The seasons specified in the rcirulations 
 should, in our opinion, lie very strictly and closely adhered to, hotli 
 in the interests of the tish suiipl.\- and in the interests <■( the parties 
 who are eiiLMU'cd in the lisli iodustrv. 
 
 New Regu- 
 lations De- 
 sirable 
 
 "As We have pointed out in the hody cd' our report, the 
 exisfini; lei^ulations cover not only the province of Maiiitoha. 
 hut the very different waters of Saskatchewan and Alherta 
 •liere the conditions are wholly unlike tliosi ot' the Manitoha 
 Hi' (Fence, ii totally revised set of rejjidations is necessary, ami. 
 
 uiiiieislaiid that a new set of resrulations is heinir jirepared 
 >peciHll\' for the more western provinces, we lie>r to recommend the 
 foJlowiiiLr series of revised letrulalions f<ir waters which we werecom- 
 nd.ssioned to invest israte and rejiort upon. It will he noticeil in tiiis 
 code of rej-'uiations which we susrflt'st. that a niiiiilii'r of provisions 
 are dropi)e<l altoirether which have loii'; formed part of the Manitoha 
 resrulations. hut the time has I'ome for a thoroujih rex .ion. and we. 
 therefore. lie<r to recoiiimend the following provisions as suited to the 
 present reiiuirenients of the lisheries in (pieslion. 
 
 Okner.m, 
 
 "(1) Fishing liy means of nets or other apparatus without 
 license or permit from the Minister of .Marine and Fisheries is pro- 
 liihited in the waters of Manitoha and the District of Keewafin. 
 
 ■■(2 I No license shall lie i;rante(| to an\' jierson unless he is a 
 Uritisli suliject. resident in the Dominion of Canada, and the actual 
 owner of nets, hoats and fishinsr frear for which the lieen.se is trranted. 
 Apfilications from i-esidents liviiif; in the immediate locality of the 
 Waters applied foi- shall have the preference In the frrantinjr of 
 licenses. 
 
 ■■i:> Any resident settler, incjudin'j: Imlian. is eliirihle for an 
 annual tishioij permit to lisii i nt more than une hundrerl ( 10(1 yards 
 of jrill-nei for domestic use, Imt not t'or sale or liarter. Such permit 
 shall he issued fi-ci'. and Mshinsr under it shall he pi'rmissiMe at all 
 times. 
 
 ■■|4i Xo license shall he transferahle unless hy special permis 
 sion ohtained from the District Inspe<'tor of Fisheries. 
 
 "(.') Every person holding a Hsliint;- license or permit shall, at 
 the end of the fishing season, make a sworn return id' his total catch 
 of fish to the fisher\- inspector hy whom llie license or permit wjis 
 issued. 
 
 ■'Note. — As there are two important tisliiug seasons, namely, 
 th- summer fishing season and the fall and winter fishing season. 
 
COMMISSION OK CONSEIU ATION 
 
 „u-ans of tags or otl.erw.s.. ";^]« '^ "^^^^ „,, ,,„w. the figure or 
 
 i„ Maek on a white ^'''''''''^S' ., 1', ,,.!S,t and the .m>ubers on the 
 figures to he not h-ss than 6 '' "^'^ , "^jf ^,;„ .vithout raising then. 
 
 fron. the water. '!'\;' »' , " t .'etUr^n boxes or on the net reel^ 
 attn.-lunlasto M. v,s.l.h-«l. nth. " ;«' j ,,^^„ .^all he furn.she.l 
 
 S" thHli^^tr, "'li;:t^ :r^Ms?riet at t... tin. ot the .ssue 
 «^^'^;rSt.ore,.tsMiU.n.^^^^^ 
 
 in whose name the lieense IS .ssue.1. fehern.en. o 
 
 '•(8) Kvery person or hrn ; "'^ .",i\,,ak^^ 
 han.UiU fish after ..apture ';>., ♦^ ^ '^ ^".^ Lu^^^ght and winte. 
 „,. or before Mareh •^^•, ". '■^'•5,iVe m er M\ for suuuuer-eaught M 
 ,an^'ht fish, an.l on or '"^^^j;:,^ ^1' m^^^^^^^ the kinds of fish bought c 
 
 dates named above. (i,.,.eral Fishery Regnlatioi 
 
 •M'ti Ansiler's permi s / ' 'V,V t. aiwlied to the Manitol 
 
 s::i:::^?»it,s:s;r;,s;^si^':in, .,. 
 
 in the provinee of Manitoba). 
 
FISHERIES or lihlTIsn (OLIMBIA- 
 
 The tislicries of tliis I'roviiicc arc cxi't'cdiiitrlv rich and arc almost 
 uiiliiiiitcd ill proiiiisc. Altli()iij,'ii the Hshirifr iiidtistrv may he said to In* 
 now only in its int'aiicy. the frrowfli and dcvclopTiicnt have been truly 
 reniarkahlc dnrinfi the past few years. To a careful ol)server. however, 
 this will appear small and insignificant in comparison with that which 
 may be done alonsr the same line in future years. 
 
 The province of British Columbia has a sea washed shore of T.fMW) 
 miles, with countless islands, bays and tionls forminj; safe and easily ac- 
 cessible harbours. Along this portion of the Pacific coast, and within the 
 limits of territorial waters, there are fish and mammals in great abund- 
 ance, while, apart from this immense salt water fishing area, there are, in 
 the numerous lakes of the province, no less thati 22(t.0<H) s<|uare miles of 
 fresh wate»-. ffordiug the finest possi!)le habitation for nuiiiy kinds of 
 valuable food-fishes. 
 
 Very little has been done, comparatively speaking, for the fisheries 
 of British <"oluml)ia as a whole, and their importance claims the clo.ser 
 attention of the Government. On the Atlantic such valuable a.ssistance 
 as the erection and maiutena' " hait-iree/.ing establishments, and the 
 granting of bounties, ha.s bee. 'ed. It would seeiri that the need 
 
 of encouragement is especially ma A on the Pacific, since there the 
 demand for labour of all kinds is so great and other less precarious em- 
 ployments are .so inviting. A great deal might be done, by means of 
 special inducements, towards the upltuilding of the fishing iudiLstry here. 
 
 _. , Of all the many branches of the fishing industry in 
 
 Fishery British Columbia, the canning and packing of salmon yet 
 remains facih princeps, and it is to be hoped, and may 
 with reason be expected, that a continued plenitude of this valuable fish 
 may be ensured by careful methods of conservation, by artificial propa- 
 gation on a large scale and by the combined efforts of the Government 
 and of the cannery men. All who are connected with, or interested in. 
 the salmon industry fully realize that a plentiful future supply can be 
 rendered a certainty only by the rigid enforcement of close season regu- 
 lations, together with the operation of hatcheries on an extensive scale; 
 for all are aware that unless a sufficient number of fish are permitted 
 each year to reach the spawning grounds, the time will assuredly come 
 when the sources of supply will have become depleted. This is particu- 
 larly nue of the sockeye salmon. 
 
 • This article was klndlr contributed by the Attorney General's Department. 
 Britisli Columbia. 
 
n 
 
 roMMlSMON nV O.NSKKVATION 
 
 
 .„. th.- ('an..li«n an.l AnuTU-au mde ot tlu > '^^ ' ,„.,. ,,,„t ..wry 
 he S..1. ..usin..ss ....uUl not .. I--;;; ' ^ ;,, ,,.., „ uu, 
 
 „...a,lv ,„...liti.-.l. if not >'lt'.'^'-tl-- /-'-" ,^^. :.. -iulations nmy be 
 ^.e. tha, a sat.sla.to.-y ...nt ^>J- ^^^ ^ . ! 'on ti.e'.ther si.ie oV the 
 „aopte.l hy the .annerson "' ' "^ ""^ ' "' „„ ..„a , the savint! of the 
 
 ,i„,_„l, workin, in u.uson mvan s " " "l'.,,,,,,^,,,,,,,,,,,. .levoutly 
 sahnon in.lustry. This wouhl. m-leed. h. a 
 
 tohe wislied." . ,,. .ippaivot in 
 
 A similarly >a.is,a,....ry ou. ..-k lor " ' ^ ,^ ^-n..' a Spe.-ial 
 
 ,1 .«-• saLnon ..is,..ie,s o,' -'";:;;- ;;•„',! Minster of Marine an.l 
 
 H.mt-Katin,MV.nnn.ssu.n was appoint i^.,,,,,li^i,,,,, 
 
 K.sheHes at Ottawa .iH. ^^:-;^^;-::^::f:: „..,a of ..oats to he ah 
 
 '" ^''" '""■*'""■" . 1 iM.iivi.lnal ..annery. This Connn.ss,.., 
 
 lott. > ea.i> -liv.sH.n an.l to -' ' (.^„,„, ,.ff,i,s an.l en.inent 
 
 ,„„sistea oV n>en thoroughly "'"l" ">^^' ^ ,. ,,,,„i,s of pr.'viou, 
 
 ,, ,„„,iH...l for the .luty entn.st...l »;' '-■ ,^ then,selv..s-all aliv, 
 
 ;,L n. this •^ir-^'"V:i;:;tr;;; oftairLave .... far fro,n sati. 
 t„ the vital n..e.'ss.ty ot a l«"'it.t.on ■ -^^ (Jovernment an. 
 
 f„..tory. This faet U., to ;;^;;:^ ^,, ^.f ^L.^nu-nt. of the ahov. 
 later, t.. th.' appo.ntn,.-nt. ''>/"'; ,,,. ,,„,,, ,■„, a period of year 
 
 ""■•'*'"•"■•' *•-""-■'''""• ^" T"';;Tant e IHn, and dispute. weU.on.e t. 
 The eannery n.en. weary ot e. nstan ^« "^^^ ;^ „„iik,ly tl>at tl 
 
 ^--■-' :' '- p:z R^r;' :;i^" ^^" ^^^ -^^t- ^" - 
 
 award of this year s n.vit-Katm ^ ^^.|^. ,,_ ^,^^. ,.,„„„. 
 
 v..t it WouUl seen, to .>e the 'ifT'"'; '';;,„,.. ,„., ,.- whieh the st.>e 
 .ill Letter realue t'-'- P- -^ ^^^ ^f ^^...^e.l mor.. eertain, 
 
 -"^^'"-^'"^^"'"f''^: ;.hr.,,uni..ia.th,.Hvekn.. 
 
 Then. ar... in tlie ^^atels ..t '* ' r^;' ^^,,„,„„, They are .l.stu 
 
 of the .....us ■"■f IV"";;;; ;;:;;"i 1, .'r. of the ,enus .«/».... «truet 
 
 f,.,.,n the sal...on ot the ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^, ,„., their life history is tota 
 ally tlu.s.- tish are only sll^h l.v -ffe ,,,,^^. ,^,,,.,„ 
 
 .,issi,nih.r. and they are <lf>;r-^>.',,^, ',,,,,, j all the sp.-ei.-s f... 
 
 aiffen.nee is p.vs.^nted in t'- -^ '^ ^^,,„ „„,,. This , ark. 
 
 in l^aeiiie waters .1... ^^^].;^'^^X<^,J to the attention of s. 
 
 ehara..teristie. wh.-n tor tl e ^r '--^ .li^.^edited. as they did ..ot t 
 
 A„a..tie a,..l Knn.P-< -;^;;:^^;: :^: aifferent from the s.l.„. .c 
 
 r:o:t;Xrr;.rw::^te:t of their aWanee and 
 fine .anniiisr .pudities. 
 
I-ISHF.KIKS OK CRITISH (OLUMIUA 15 
 
 Till' fivf 8p»M-it'8 of I'ai-itic salirioii. in the ordtT ot' tln'ir coininercial 
 iiiiportaiKH'. arc hh follows: 
 
 (1 ) The Sdckcyt'. or Uliifliai-k («>iii nrlniiK Inis ttirka). 
 
 (2) The SpriiK;. or (^nirinat lO. tschaici/tsilin ). 
 
 (3) The Colio. or Silver <0. tiixnlrh ) . 
 (4i The l)i>ir Siiliiitiii ((K 1,(1,1). 
 
 (.")) The IIuiiiii-liHck ( <>. fiffliiisihii ). 
 
 Soc'Ki:\i: S.\i,.M(iN. — The sockexc niii in all the iiiainlaml rivers, in 
 some of the rivers of the west coast of Vancouver island, and in the N'iinp- 
 kish river iicar I he heiicl of the e:isl coast of that island. The ahinidaiiee 
 of this fish in the Fraser varies greatly with given years — known to the 
 oanners as the 'hiv' yeai's" and tiie "poor years." Their niovement 
 appears to he jrr'eatest ever\ fourth year and the run is poorer in the 
 years ii;unecliately followintr. The causes which nuiy have led up to this 
 most I'ciiiarkahle featuri' ha\e >;iveii rise to much spei'ulation. and iininy 
 theories have liecn advanced to account for them. Xone. however, are 
 sntllciciitiy siiiisfac|(vi". t., lie generally accepted. The periodicity in the 
 run if socke\e. whii ii Is so j)ronounee(l in the Kra.ser. has no markecl 
 eonnterpart in any other river in the Province or on the <-()ast. 
 
 'i"hc sockeye weis'hs from three to ten pounds, though s|)eciniens 
 
 weighing seventeen pounds are i ordcd. The adults in salt water are 
 
 free from sjjots, their hacks aie a idear hlue and helow the lateral line the 
 coloni- is an imma'-nlate white. In form and colour, they are considered 
 the ino.st heantiful of their fandly and the flesh is of a deep and unfailing 
 red. 
 
 They enter the Fraser I'ivcr as early as April, hut are not taken till 
 July 1st and their I'apturc is. hy rcirulation. i-onfined to nets of oL, inch 
 mesli The main run in the Fraser is looked for towards the latter |)art 
 of July and is at its heit'lit durinir the first ten da \ s of August. 
 
 The spawning period of the sockeye extends from August, in the 
 heiidwaters. to as late as Octoiier and Xovemlier in the waters nearest 
 the sea. the spawning taking place in lake-f< or in lake-feeding streams 
 
 Very little is known of the life of the vDung. or the length of time 
 they live in fresh waters liefoi'c seeking .salt water, hut the results of 
 ohservations of late would fend to show that the .seaward migration iloes 
 not take place wiieii the fish are of any one sjx'cial age. since fry and 
 year!; isrs have been noticed at the same time making their wa.\- towards 
 flic sea. Nothing is kjiown of their fi'eding-grounds in salt water, as they 
 are nevei- found in tiie havs and iidets whicii distinguish the coast and 
 where tlic .spring and colio are so cmiunn. It i,s rhougiiT that their feed- 
 ing-ground must he in the open sea. 
 
 Si'RiNd oi! QriNN \T Sai-von. -This class ranks second it 
 
 importance 
 
COMMISSION Ol- CONSERVATION 
 
 only, salmon use.l lor .ann.ng. Tlu- s, - a » ^^^^^^^^,^ ^.^^ 
 
 of fro.n oi^ht..... to thirty pou.uls u. »" ,\ '^^^ ^.„,...,. Tl... hea.l in 
 
 weiKhin. .ix.y to one ''"-''•'■^ ,f ;';:^J " , a k i of a .lark .re.n or 
 rather point.-.l. a-ul of a nu-tal .<■ 1« tn . t . . a K ^^^^^^^.^^^^ .^ 
 
 l,U,i.„ :.olor; wlnl.. l.-low th.- l«t.-l '- ' J^ /;,. ,he spawning- 
 b,c.onH.s al.nost Ma.k ; I.hu- it is olt... M...ku. 
 
 grounds as -'l.la.k salmon." j^.^^^ „f 
 
 It is the ,uost powerfully-swimmn., <^«'; « « \ ^ ^r^, ,,,,..rHhe.l 
 t,e Provin... usually ^o--^-«^; * j;;::^" .^i tlmovin, streau.s, 
 that it enters. It seems to P-'f; f -p", , ....^^ of the flesh is 
 
 apparently avoi.lin, the ^"•;!'- *; V:^"^ n.es Inmst white. Tins un- 
 fLu a <leep red to a very h^ht 1""'^-- » ;" ,,,. ,,.,, g,„,r„lly used 
 certainty of eolour is n.ainly "-'•""''''' '"V^'l^ers before a-eept- 
 for eannin.. AH sp.pnens - ™ ;* jlllfl:!.! tlsh usually being 
 ing them fr.mi the hshenmm. the ixtum» . i 
 
 ''*'^''*'"'^- , ., . Kraser earlv in the spring and the run oon- 
 
 The .,ui..nat enters »": \ "^^ *; "^^ ■„,, ,,. the fall there is no pro- 
 tinues more or less intermittent u..til .n... 
 
 nouneed run. .^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^,^^^ ^^.^,^,,, „f ,Ue 
 
 Couo Salmon.- This spe. i. s is ■ ,^.,^,,,,, faetor in cannimi 
 
 Proviiiee and of recent years has heeom^^^u^^^ ._^ ..^_ ^,,, 
 
 operations. The bulk of the ^^'^:^l'';;2 three to ei^ht pounds. 
 Eastern markets. Its average --^^JZ . o our. it is very silvery, 
 though heavier speeimens are ""»;" "" ".^ ; /.^^.^ ,pots on the head and 
 greenish on the dorsal ««P''^\'*"^\"''^;' J^^ L.ce in the rivers on the 
 Ls. In August ^^^^^:f:^:r^:Z^^Z^. m tl. rraser. 
 north-west coast, and m hiptember ^^ 
 
 ..jr::^^!^;:::--:"-:-^^^^^^ - 
 
 close to the sea. ascending ^\' "^^^i^^ Colour, the fins bein. bla-.k; 
 
 streams. In the sea. they are <^-^^^^ „,,,,, ,ith lateral lines of 
 but during the spawning season h>'-^^^^^^^ ■ ^,^,^^ ,,, ,;,,, 
 
 blaek. There is more or less ^™ J'^^^ ^^ ^^ aistortion. while the 
 
 The heads of the males '""^-f . ^^^ '" .Tsfrom this latter eharaeter- 
 teeth in front become -^ ^^ t^f;,,;!,, ,.,ne. Tntil a few years 
 istie that the species has ''''";*;; "J;^^. ^^jy,. but they are now cap 
 ago these fish were not considered of any 
 
 J 
 
I'lSHI'.klKS Ol IIKITISH (Ol.l'MlilA 
 
 tui'od in (fF! lit iiiirnloM's l)y tho JapHtii-Hf who dry -salt thciii for (■xj)ort to 
 tlu' Oric'it. 
 
 Hi'Mi'uxcK Salmon.- This is th*- sinalicNt of the sprcics of Naliiion 
 found in Mritish Colunihiti Wiitcrs. aviTUKini; in wci^lit froin thrci- to six 
 ponnds. In cohxir, it is tiiuish aliovf and silvtTv lit-iow. whih' tin- liafk 
 and tiiil ail' covered with oltlonR hhick Hpott*. In the fall, the maU'S are 
 so <.'r''Jitl\' distorted as to nive tiieni their popular name. These tisli nin 
 in ahundaiii-e in the "hi^j years," and then otdy every second yar after, 
 eoiiiin); in with the last of the sockeye run. They are hut little valued, 
 tlion^'li a considerahh- demand has sprung uj) duriuK the last few years. 
 With till' development of the markets for cheai) lishery products, a de- 
 mand has come for all the varieties of salmon, with the residt that the 
 tifihinK season is now extended to cover the runs of all five s|)ecies. This 
 lenjjtheiiiMtf of the season is of marked lienefit to the regular salmon 
 fishermen, and witli thi' development of the other fisheries, it is eou- 
 Kdently lielieved that these hardy irien imiy find ready employment 
 during' the entite year. 
 
 TiiK, Aktikk lAi, Piioi'ACATioN OK SALMON. — The following salinon 
 liat<'heries are in operation in Hritisli Coluinhia: 
 lion Ac-cord, Fraser river. 
 reml)erton, Lillooet district. 
 (Iranite ereek, Shuswap lake. 
 Harrison lake. 
 Hahine lake. 
 Stuart laki'. 
 
 Lakelse lake, Skeeiia district. 
 Oweekayno lake. Rivers inlet. 
 Nimpkisli liver, V;incouvcr island. 
 
 and 
 Seton lake, Lillooet distriet. 
 
 The total numher of these institutions does not hy any measis meet 
 the retpiireinents, and the necessity for many more is recognized by all 
 who are familiar with tlie situation. The rection of other establish- 
 ments of the kind, however, is now under consideration, and it may be 
 expected that before very long a larger nmnber will be in oi),'ration at the 
 different |)oints where spawning salmon are to be obtained each year in 
 vast numbers. 
 
 Hatcheries for game fish, too, especially in the t'jjper Columbia 
 region, are greatly needed. The vast amount of good that is aceomplish- 
 ed by hatcheries towards preventing tiie depletion of the salmon supply 
 and the building up of this industry can raly be comprehended by a 
 careful studv of the results obtained elsewhere. 
 
<» 
 
 COMMISSION or (ONSKKV.VnoN 
 
 („, Knra salmon -Irift -i.t or ».Mll-n..t J.- o,.. . *•). 
 (h) For a salmon .Irajf-srin.- li-'Oinr. *..>. 
 
 (,l) For a sal.n.m trap-uH Ii.'O.h.-. =i<2... aNo a 
 
 and fiab taken. 
 
 T,..,uni^u,oM.ntis,,ro,nn..i«..«.^an.-..inKN.n,^ 
 
 ""^""^ tion, for tl-y a.v less ov.T.ro.vn an.. J^' ;; ,, ^^.,^,, 
 
 of 2r,0 11.S. is oxc-ptional for th lintis ,s,,.M.ially oT Unse 
 
 hetwoen Ciu.-u Charlott.. -"7' ^ ^l^ ^ , " ' t on. tin... vvritahly 
 Spit and "ft" tin- wst sli..r.. ..t Hanks isl.in.i. 
 
 ov..r..rowd..d with "">*""»• ^„„„. „,,„,„., ,,„ pounds. 
 
 Vory lar^'.- hsl, ^u■vr ott.-n tako. ^ ,^^^,.,,^,^ 
 
 ,.„, „.. ^,„.„a «,.,.,„„.» ,» o, V ;;"*,;;; »,■;:,„ .„ ,.,„ 
 
 are ..•a.twl "" ■"'•■■"' ""•"■ ,,„,„.,.,„„„, I,.- .-..nvi.t.. mov- 
 
 :rri:T:t;:;i:;:\:;;rn: '.•.;■::>:. > '■-' «- - - • 
 
 the fish congn-gat.. in largo numbers. ,,,,.ti.any 
 
 The metho., ..f fishing with >^^^^:^:^L^..^ men 
 
 of Boston and Gloucester. j,,. 
 
 [rir.^s»::;;;"' >:; : -. -'■■ ■■' -«' ■•;- „^„„ 
 
 Atlantic shores of Canada. 
 
 Tl,is srr.ll tish-ahont the si/.. ..f a smelt -<vcurs in great 
 
 Oulachon , "" \!Z Vu- Nans river in the north t.. the Fraser 
 
 "'"""'""'■'■ Lm enrlv Mar.'h to the middle of Apr.l. 
 
 river in the south. ap,,caru. - rrom ' -^ J;^, ,^.,,,, .^e Naas-are 
 
 The s..hools entenng the ,, ' ? f ;j;^ ^„^, /...u^.s. fron, an early 
 v.ry larg..: they .-row.l ,n so tl"'kl> that ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 period, have heen a.-.-uston.e. t.. '"'f ; "/^J^^^..^; of nails inserted 
 
i ISIII'KIIS Ml hl-'ITISIl - ol.lMr.l \ v> 
 
 liy ilrawintr this iiripli-iiM'iit i|iiii-ki\ tliriMit(li tii<' lii-iiw Mrlmol ni' UnIi thi' 
 Indiiiii iinpHlcH d );rt'iit iiiiirilu-r, wliii-li lu' Hliii''.fM otT into IiIh ronoi'. in m 
 very short tiniv he I'lin nliinin a hDathuul in this primitive iiiariiiir Siiipr»> 
 art' iiNt-d ill soiih' localities, as also arc miiimII iih-nIii'iI ifiJIiicts. 
 
 The tissues of the oiiln<'hoii are teeiiiiiut with oil — so niiieli w) that 
 it is called the "eaii<lle fish." for liy simply iiisertiii^ a piei'e of pitch 
 throiiKli the centre of it when dried, it may he used as a 'Hiidli' or torch, 
 the pit<'h hiirniii); like the wiek of n well -tiileil lain]). 
 
 The Indians are accustoined to press out the oil into vati*. It is 
 (freatlN esteemed hy them, althoiiirh it (|uickly turns rancid and is very 
 
 offen-sive in odour, ft is suined hy them in the -ame way. and to 
 
 the Man e extent, as butter is with more eivili/i il folk 
 
 Herring 
 
 The siiperaliundaiice of herriii); on the coast of Mritish 
 Columhia has lieeii reco(rni/ed from earl> times, hut. a.s the 
 local denuind was insitiniticanf . no herrini; Hshery can he said to have 
 e.xisted until about thirty years ago. At intervals, and in a desultor.\ 
 way. various parties engrailed in the herriiiL' industry and iinantities were 
 t'onverted into oil ami (iuaiio. Within the last ten yearn, however, the 
 value of this fishery resource has heeii slowly n-alized. 
 
 Herring occur practically all along tlie coa.st as far as Ma.ika. 
 though ill sheltered areas, like the waters near Nanaimo. I'cluelet. Hark- 
 ley sound. Virago sound, and (^ueeii Charlotte islainls. the schools appear 
 to form solid phalanxes. At Nanaimo. they are plentiful from early in 
 November to the New Year, vast schools appearing in Pebruar.v while 
 even as late as June immense quantities have Vteeii seen moving out in the 
 strait of Georgia. 
 
 There are many methods of putting up herring, but the giviitest 
 demand is for the salted article in pickle, and there is no reason why the 
 Province should not put U]) as largi- a pack of the best herring as Scot- 
 lan<l, which produces ahnuall.\ '?r)n,00(1 to :!.')!>, 000 tmis, valued, when 
 pickled and iva<ly for market, at no less than $.'),000,0(MI to $(),000.(Miil. 
 
 It will thus be seen that while the fisheries of Nanaimo are *till in 
 their infancy, the possibilities of the herring industry are laii/e and. 
 |)roperly conserved and exploited, it will liecome a valuable -.ource of 
 revenue to the whole district. 
 
 Sturgton 
 
 The sturgeon fishery of the Province was negl.Mted until 
 recent years, but in IH07 the Fraser river inspector reported 
 tliaT "the sturgeon lislicr; lias l-ecotrie a very iiiiportaiit iitdnstn' — t\w- 
 more important as it affords winter em|>loynient to a large number of 
 resident fishermen who wou!d otherwise spend their time in an idle or 
 
t 
 
 M 
 
 
 4, 
 
 ,„ COMMISSION or .ONSEKVATION 
 
 |50.(H)0. the fW. »>.'inK .Ir.-^^'Ml hikI «ii«>«<i to 
 
 It is.loulitful if thestuwoiihuh 
 t\w north.Tly riv.-rs of \u<- I'rovi- 
 that iiiiy tiHli-y ImM L.'.-n •!• ''"i ' ' 
 
 m»y !«• fo'iii'l i" ""' '■'^'•''" ''"" ' 
 from til.' wH to th.' fr.'Hli wat.T • i 
 nii.MU* of April, or .-v.n ...s .•ar ^ 
 wcro nciMiHtoin.-.l to tiikc tliciti i '" 
 bnitPcHiooks. om-n.'tH w.Tt' lie. ■ 
 yonrs ngo, aii.l for thrpf or fi>ur y - 
 fighinR. Ill f«.t. so rfiimru'rHli 
 of fiHhpriiifii iiiitiie«liii1elv ftiRa: 
 years the «ateh fell to one-fifth oj 
 
 I'l I 
 iii- am 
 
 iv iiuiutHTM. every fre<|iifiit.Ml 
 I'isoii the Frawr rivr alone 
 I ,rh .•onniier.ial value. Tlu'y 
 .„, tlm of the year, hut mitrrate 
 \ 1 the early sprini? ahout the 
 l,i lary. Thf Imlians forim-rly 
 , ... irawlN .vith lonif lii'«'»* '""' 
 jliHiiii' on «}< v.Tiiiiient hoiii. 
 ,,. .1.111 III HturL'eoii 
 
 I , . „\e that a larffe Uody 
 (,„. n-sult that in three 
 I ikon ii xhort time hcf.tre. 
 
 r ,1, ... ,iin..i 1 ■ in.i»iM> nonndM of stur- 
 At the present tun,- not .mop th.a. ... 
 
 geon are taken annnally-or ah.n.t t-- tl •• - ' ' ^^ '^ V^,,,.., ,iver 
 Wa river eafh. Vast nun.hen, , . s-naH ttsh are ^ ^e ^ 
 
 Mhnon tishernun un.l this leads ro th- hehet hal « th t a 
 
 of the pr....u, ''•'•"^■'7,«^^i:-:- ::,r i::^..;;;. t the m. 
 
 n:';;;;.:!;:;o:;f;r;he!;::.:f^.:sai «... a-a .o. eam. 
 
 iiigs ean be made. 
 
 ley sound and ad.iaocnt inlets. 
 
 "-» •-r":*;,:.T:;,,::t,,;:\.::r:,,i:;.:;.;.t.,.- 
 
 , . i„>vv is M British Colunil.ian fish has lousr h^on 
 
 as...Ttained. On... kn,.vvM. h..^^e^. r. the liru ^^^ 
 
 be prepan.d as ;. paste to .oM>l>"t- •'> "'arkets nh. h I 
 
 nli<>:! l>v the Mediterranean. 
 
 Th.re are two varieties of smelt eonunon in ^^^;;^^ 
 S»*'» the n.,u n:. Ihahirhlln,^ an.l the /7.//>.-m. ..k.s- ,.m f.o>..s. They 
 
 are both in hrisk local demand. 
 
 ^ 
 
FtSHl ,UF.S or UklTISH ini.lMlUN it 
 
 TIhth in prHiti'iillv 11" tnit' cod indiistrv in tin' Province, 
 
 Ce%A 
 
 thoiiKh tin- (itlipr H|)t'<'if»4 of thin k«'Iiuh iihoiiiiii. TIum inny 
 be iliii" tci tli»' I'hi'J t(i 't thf tnif-ciid di>i'» ii<>f ixi'iir in f«nfti'ii-nt iiniintitirH 
 to juKtit'\ liiriTf oufl.ivH on jtN rxplnitHtion. 'I'lif Mliori'H nml lixliinif l>;inl<H 
 •"iirthcr iiKiMi in Miiskti. Iiowrvcr. yield it in tiliundiini'i-, lirintfin^ in 
 lar(?f NinnK 'i nun ■•> annnidiy to tliow ••tiKfitri'il in tin- indnntry 
 
 Ah lonK ii(ro iim IHHO. tin- Httt-ntion of the (JovcrniniMif was cHllt'd fo 
 thi' prcsi-nci- of thin food tinli und rnrn who wi-ri' I'lspcrtih jr iind n'| ortinir 
 on tin- ri-M.nrict. m (lie Mrilinh .nd Kiniku lici'iinic \rr\ .'ontiil.nt tluit tin- 
 I'Hi'itii' I'od HnIi is th <.finif as that laniflil in tin- Atlantic, ami saw no 
 rt'aHon why. in tin , ,Mirs«' of tinii'. and with lari' and afti-ntion, it slionid 
 not lu'coiiie aH valnalih' and important on this side ol thi' contirif.. .,< 
 fhi> .VfWiciumI id fish in the Kast Th" i-ca:. Ui that this i-ntcrpci.." jji , 
 so far not hcin cxti'iisivciy entered upon is prol'ahl\ dui' to hn'k id' investi- 
 KHtion 
 
 Ut'foi.' the end Jishei-.\ an lie developed in Mritish ( nluiiihia. infor- 
 mation is tii'eevviir\ and the .Marine Miolonieal >>tati(." will have no task 
 mor»' itiiportaiit than that of Hseertainin^ where the trin^-eod ahoimds, 
 the iiHtiire of \tn f<M)d. niijrratioti and spawnitii; halnfs. 
 
 Ttiis didieioiis and niiich-sonnht after fish ahoinids in 
 Cod or^Skill ' ' '"•'■^'"'''" ^^'"t'tx •••' Hie I'rovinee. especially aloiiir the 
 western shores of the t^ueen Charlotte islands. It favours 
 deep water, espeeiall.v depths of tC in "0 to 'Ml fathoms, tlioui;h if is also 
 found at 20 to 2.'ill fathoms. It is jcver caiiirht in the siirfai-e waters and 
 avoids shallows. 
 
 It is caught mostly in the winter luonths. The hlacx cod is a deliei- 
 i)«s food-tisli, of rirm and flaky texture, hein*; white in ecdoiir and ri<h in 
 flavour. Owinj; to its rich oil\ nature, it is far more apiieti/iii); tlniii Mic 
 drier and tinner tnu'-cod On the talde it hears a distinct f 
 to a larife whiting; — that is, the true European whiting— m tisli wholly 
 differing from the inferior so-called whitinjrtd" the western water.. 
 
 It is eanj/lit with very l.in^ lines, each carrying 120 t<< lot) hooks 
 H.xed on snoods at rejrular intervals, (ircat care has to lie exerisod 
 in takiiiL' the fish off the hooks as it is ver\ tender-mouthed. 
 
 Investi^'ation is ahsolntel.v essential in the case nf this spcci.s also. 
 The determination of the sfiawnim,' season, he nature and location of the 
 spawn and fry are importunt factors in the tramiiiffof regulations t" pre- 
 serve and devidop this industry. 
 
 Minor A nniiihc!' of ediMe fishes ahoinid alonsr the rocky shores 
 
 arieiie;. ^^f jj^^ Province whiid) arc used ehietiy to supply the lo( a! 
 
 markets. The eultus eod is the principal of these niinur fiah : it weijrhs 
 
 from four to ten pounds and is caiisrht hv means of hiiltcd hooks ,iiid li.\' 
 
it^ 
 
 ( « 
 
 I. 
 f 
 
 (OMMISSION (.1- (ONSr.UX NIK'N 
 
 ""'X. ..V no so,..s .n British Col-nni.i.. tl... .isl. that is sol., as ...-h 
 
 l;;;;'NViUvrv s,nall. s..l.lo„. .....•.-.lin, a r"..n.l ...• so ,n vv,..«M. 
 
 I)„,.in.' tlw ..ast f..w v.-ars. .-tTorts lunv b.vn .na.U- to 
 
 eonvPrsant w,tl> tl. ''■ " J" ' ,^, ,,.,.„,„„ „,■ ,,,..,„ i, ,.ot as yet 
 
 fd at various points. Init wliai niuni.u . 
 
 ilefiiiitflv known. ,„P,o ^ 
 
 „.;.. 1 «•>() lobsters wen- sl.ippe.l. in the spnnfr ot lOOH to 
 
 waters, hu-e - -at. s - ' ^^_^ ^^^^^^^^^.^ j.^^^^,,^, ,,, ,,. ,„ „ 
 
 ;l^;;:;:';::;;i:: ':;..;;;.::. '^-■> ^' ^>->' ''^''''-' 
 
 ph„-es on the -oast. ^,^^, ^^,,^„ 
 
 Shiinuents or Kastern oyst..rs hay L. u " 
 
 oys- .,., !...., ., -^-'if^t^:;;:;'::: '-r ;;C-a in 
 
 wore ronn.l to he perfeetly health.^ " ^^^^ ,, ,,„,, ,„., inlets on 
 
 ,„.,ir new snrroun.lin.s. /''- H^; :,':,... ver island and there is 
 th.. eoast or the n.a.nlat.d and also .'rou 1 . .^.,,,„,„„.,„ ,,, ..„n- 
 
 ,•;„. ,,s frrowth an.l development are eon- 
 
 
I'lSIll'.UIKS Ol- IIUITISH t 1)1.1 Mi'.IA 
 
 M 
 
 liavf Ih'i'Ii ui-i-iist(mu'(l in Hastcrii waters and wliii-li arc I'sscntial to the 
 raising of tiic tcnipcnitnrc for suci-cssl'iil |)r<>pa<;ation. arc lackiiifr. Ncvcr- 
 tiiclcss, the liusincss of plantitii; the yonnfr oyster and Miarl<etiMf: tlie fully 
 deveh)])e(l prodiii't is fonnd hy tiiose eii<?aKed in it to l)e very prolitahle. 
 Tlu' same ditlleiilty with retrard to the propaf^ation of tlie hihster may l)e 
 fonnd to exist, hnt this lias yet 1o he fully determined. 
 
 A prolitahle husiness is carried on in the cidtivation of the native 
 oyster which is smaller than, ami inferior to. the Kastern variety. 
 
 Crabs 
 
 Very line i-rahs al'e to he (ihtaine<l in lai'jrc ipiantities 
 alonj,' the coast of the Province, and there is a hrisk local 
 demand for them. This industry is hy no means exjiloited to the full, 
 however, as the Indians, liy whom the hulk of the crah-tishinj; is done, are 
 oeeupied with the salmon fisliinfr throuf.'hont the summer and fall. 
 
 Tlie denuind for crahs in the local markets far exceeds the supply 
 and this, despite the fact that they arc to l>e found in sucli abundance. 
 Saanicli arm and the [..atroon at Ks<|uimalt are teeudn<r with crahs and 
 often, in the summer, pleasure parties ;ro out for the express purpose of 
 catching them. A iiundred or so thus taken in an afternoon is no uncom- 
 mon thing. 
 
 Some idea can thus l)e ohtaiiicd of tiie numhers that are to lie caught 
 by practical fishermen when novices are able, for the pure pleasure 
 attaelied to the capture, to take them in such >■ ubers. 
 
 Prawns 
 
 As in the (-asc of crabs, very little attention is give to the 
 systematic capture of prawns, in spite of the con.stant local 
 demand for them. All that are otfered by fish dealers are ipiickly bought 
 np : for the prawns tliat are taken in provincial waters an- of exce))tional 
 quality. 
 
 .Most of the prawn fishing is done around N'ancouvi'r: ver\ little is 
 done ofV Vancouver island, though this is not liei'ansc the.x- do not exist 
 tiiere, Imt simply because fishermen cannot he found to umiertake their 
 capture. Nearly all the prawns sold by the lisii dealers in Victoria are 
 cither obtained from Vancouver or Seattle, and it is only occasionally 
 that fishermen bring them in. When they do. their c'atcli is readily taken 
 oflf tlieir lumds by the local dealers. 
 
 ' ^1 Among the nniiiy fishery resources of the Province that 
 
 ] are not apjjreciated at their real value is that of the <dam 
 
 a industry. There is an unlimited market for tliese shell-fish in the I'nited 
 
 ; >^tates, botli in a canned anil a tresli conditinn, 
 
 The existence of vast clam-shell beds at numerous points along the 
 British Columbian coast — indeed, wherever Indian communities have 
 
if 
 
 [I 
 
 ^^ COMMISSION OK CONSFRVATION 
 
 .Htahlislu.! tlu.„.s..lv..s-s..ous how nuK-h the native population relied 
 
 "•'"'^;:;:::::;;;;.; iii'nritish rolun.hia is ,,..>. n.n.ar.ahle: proanet^. 
 areas s.oeke.l with -Inn.s of various spee.es oeeur P;-» ^ ' . !* /^ 
 points. There are several estahlislnnents for ean.ung then., loeatul at 
 diffe.'ent points in the I'rovii.ee. 
 
 The fee for a elam li8l.i..g Hee.ise is !|!i.<H». 
 
 „ has h,..^' hee.. known that the ahalone oee..rs plentitnlly 
 A""'""^' in eeHai.i areas off the Hritisl. (•olu...l.ia.. shores, .-spee.allN 
 
 »- ' ; ""■ ""; ; i, ; ■ llu,lf„l iri,l™.c.„, coveri,,, 
 
 rni;;':„ ;;: i:;l'ir;:t ::•':; ■ '•-•'•"■> '-■ ""-' ""•"'■ 
 
 .nnkei-s eiiri(>sitv deale.-s and oth.'rs. 
 
 ""^The following is a list of the n.o.-e .n.portant spee.es of .UW 
 ,noU»sra fo....d in British Columbia waters. 
 
 . , , , , „ . Native oyster, 
 
 awrca /»/•,./.. Carpe..ter ^ 
 
 I'cctcn ca,ni„.s,(,ouh\ ^_^^^^^^ 
 
 Prchn hnslal„s >.hy [n^Mop. 
 
 P,cti II nihidiis, Ili.Kls M.is-sel 
 
 Myliliis ,alifoniia,nis, ("o..rad Mussel 
 
 Mylilus nhilis, Lm„. "^^^^^j^; 
 
 Caiiliiiiii riii-his, Mai-ty.. ^^^^^^ 
 
 Siuiiloiiiiis nlfiaiiloii". l'><"s'> f^,^^^^^ 
 
 Mai'iinn iiKiiiiiinln Clam. 
 
 Mamma ii(i'<iil<i, t'oi.i'ad ^,^^^^^ 
 
 IU.ritl,a,riis.la,rnunn\ R^.or eWi.n. 
 
 Sili,,i,a iialnla, D.xon ^ ^^^^ 
 
 Trisus iiiitlalli, Conrad _ Soft-shell ela.n. 
 
 Mya arenaria, I.mne Hard-shell ela.a. 
 
 Paphia si a mi 11(11. * on.'aa 
 
 Paiiopaia lu inmsa, (iould 
 
 P< nitrUa iiiiiila, Conrad 
 
 Poiililhi iiviiiih", tio.dd 
 
 Ziii>luua (lahbi, Tryon ■ .^j^^j^ 
 
 Piirpiisn criapata, Chemn 
 
 Piirpii la liiiKi, Mai-tyn ■ • ' 
 
 Purpura Sa.riii>la, \'al 
 
KISHKKIKS OF HKITISH COLLMHIA -i5 
 
 Littoriiia sifkaiia, Phil Periwinkle. 
 
 Liltoriim sciitulatc, Gould Periwinkle. 
 
 Acmava pi rsoiiala, Kst-h 
 
 Acmara patina, Kscii 
 
 Acuiara prlfn, Escli 
 
 Acmai a inifra, K.sdi 
 
 Ifaliiili.'i h'anilsrluilhaiia, Jonas Abaloric tii- Kar-nlit'll. 
 
 Cihihjiis (Cruptorhitiiii, Knihrrina and others) 
 Ortitpiis piiiictafus, Gabb Cuttlefish. 
 
 ."^.laiiy species of wliali'S oci iir oflf tlie coa.st of British 
 Columbia. In fact sperm whales are occasionally captured, 
 some of which liave been ffifjantic specimens exceeding a liuridrcd feet in 
 length. In former years, the sdiools of wliales were of no value to tlie 
 Province, hut the action of the Dominion (ioverinnent, by its encourage- 
 ment of whale factories on modern principles, will create a larfre and 
 remunerative industry all aloii}; the coast. 
 
 One of these Pacific whales will yield, on an average. 50 to 80 barrels 
 of oil and 41^ to o tons of dried g\iano; a!id furnishes numerous other 
 products when treated by the most recent mechanical and chemical 
 methods. Oil fertilizer, leather, glue, catwied "beef" (prepared whale- 
 fi.sh put up in beef cans) and even condensed milk from the female whale 
 are among the products yielded by these itioiistrous creatures. 
 
 The companies opei'ating make tremendous profits since, by the 
 latest improved methoils, it is pos.sible to take the large and very numer- 
 ous inferior whales that were formerly neglected; wliile the adoption of 
 mechanical reduction processes secures the utilization not only of the 
 blubber and wiialebone, but also of the flesh, blood, massive viscera, etc.. 
 formerly cast away, to be devoured by voracious sharks, seals, and other 
 such irdmbitants of the deep. 
 
 Inland '''''•' f"'!""' h\kvs of Hritish Columbia, while l)eing emin- 
 
 Lakes ently suited to the production of food tisli of many kitids. 
 
 Fisheries |^^ ^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ present tune, supply them in any large (pianti- 
 ties. with the exception of trouts. For some time, however, the tJoveni- 
 ment has been consitlering the introduction of the true whitefish (Citre- 
 'imuis chipdfnrmin) of the Great hikes, into this Province, The native 
 whitefish exists i'l most of the Rritish Columbia lakes, notably Atlin lake, 
 but it .seldom attains a weight exceeding two pounds, and is not as 
 good a mercantile commodity as the whitefish that is indigenous to 
 llie Eastern lakes. There seems to be no reason, moreover, why the 
 latter f^sh should not thrive in tlie lakes of this Province, the most access- 
 ible waters for the planting of it being the Kootenay, Okanagan. Shuswap 
 and TIarri.son lakes. The whitefish has prospered wonderfully in lake 
 
I' 
 
 1" -n 
 
 
 4„ COMMTSSION OF CONSERVATION 
 
 Manitoba a.ul its int.o.iuetion should he attended with like success in 
 British Coluiiihia. 
 
 If experinieats in this direction prove to he successful, the commence- 
 ment of a larjjc i«dus(v> will have been made, since not only wiH there 
 be a great market .n British Columbia, but also in the North West. 
 
 Injurious The principal natural caus.s of destruction to the fish 
 
 Fishes ^,,. j,„. i3rovincc, and the salmon in particular, are the dog- 
 
 fish and the l>air-seal. Bolh of these pests exist in great numbers, the 
 seals ,..owding the estuaries of the rivers and causing treuu-ndous havoc 
 anu.H- the in.M.M.inf: salmon. In sonu- years especmlly. the loss ol hsh 
 du.. 10 the depred-timis of seals is very extensive. The danger attendn.g 
 the wholesah- slHM.ting of these n.aratulers in the Eraser estuary how- 
 ever renders their externdnation extremely difficult, but ,t ,s to be hoped 
 that'soMK- s.l,enM. M.ay be .h'viscd that may l>rove etfectiv. n. thts dire.'- 
 
 tioii. 
 
 The dogfish, too. are responsible for i large amount of destruction 
 anmng the fish. and. u.ifortunately. there has so far been no syste.nat.c 
 eff,.rt tnade to lessen the destructive depredations ot this voracums out- 
 law. Establislunents such as exist on the Atla.ttic. for the reduet.on of 
 dogfish, are urgently lu-eded. 
 
 Other .-anses of destruction among fish, such as the dumping of mill 
 refuse i.ito streams and lakes, are being overcome as -onstant supcrv.smn 
 [s ..xercised by Covcrnn.ent officials, the offenders ben.g dealt w,th ac- 
 cordingly. 
 
 The swarms of trout whi,-h follow up tlm spawni.ig saln.on are a 
 souree of great trm.hlc to hatchery officials for they ravenously devour 
 vast quantities of sabnon eggs, thereby working great havoc ,n the 
 hateherv streams. 
 
 Then- an- sn n.anv eauses of destruction an.ong the eggs and fry of 
 salnmn that everything possible should be done to lessen tl.e .U.tru,-t,on 
 .•idie such str.nnons efforts are being n.a.h- to P-^''-, ' ^^j^^" ^ , ^ 
 dnstrv bv n.eans ..f hatcheries. The trout ts a very useful an 1 x. 1 
 fish ii. its proper phfc. but its prese.-e is by no n,eans to be desu.d 
 where salmon are spawning. 
 
 Sv,MoN--It seems to have be.m the ,'eneral opinion in 
 
 ,1,.. nast that the s,>ort of sahnm, fishing it. this "•"»<•"•>;;•«;; 
 
 ,„, ,vortl, trving. but of late years it has been dis. over-d t at 
 
 tbis is ernu.eous and pc.ple have been con.ing >-- ^[[""'f ,;;;;: 
 
 'v^rhl to fish. It .nay be true that the sabnm, ge.u.rall.v yll ""* "^ " 
 
 h flv but under .ertain .•onditions of the water, the sn.all speces eallcd 
 
 British 
 Columbia 
 Game Fish 
 
"ISIIKKIIS Ol- iiUITlSH lOl.lMlllA 
 
 47 
 
 the I'oho liHs Ih'cii kimwii to rise freely, and tlicre are several authentic 
 eases of spring salmon liaviiifr lieen cauKiit in lil<e manner. 
 
 However, even if the fish eaiinot he eansrht witli the fly. there is no 
 (loulit that they «ill jrive troixl sport to those wiio like troUinsr. Tlie eoho. 
 tiiouirh ranginj,' in weight only up to about ten pounds, is a most lively 
 fish, and hy the use of a rod and light taekle gives exeellent sport hefore 
 he is gaffed. 
 
 Canipliell river has. at present, the name of being the l)est for game 
 fishing, thdiigh there are many other places as good in the Province. The 
 fishing there l)egiiis in July. .\t first, otdy the colic, are to be caught and 
 they come in great numbers. .M out the end of July, however, the big 
 tyec sidiiion appear: tliey average about 4.'> poniicls and have been caught 
 on a rod u|) to 72 pounds. 
 
 The best salmon fishing is obtained from Jamniry to April. At this 
 time of tile year, flic spring salmon arc to be I'fiught ami tlicy arc then in 
 the pink of condition and afford excellent sprirt, though the catch may 
 not be as large as it is pos.sible to make later on in the year. The man 
 who has time then to go to Port Simp.son will t)e well rewarded. 
 
 l{arkle.\ sound also has good fishing: while within cas\ reach of 
 Vancouver, good spring fishing can be had at Pender harbour and 
 Seehelt, 
 
 During Septcmlx r and Octolier the cohos run in great numbers in 
 Vancouver and Victoria harbours and six or seven fish in an afternoon's 
 fishing is (piite ; common occurrence. A few spring salmon are also 
 caught al this time. 
 
 Trout 
 
 Attempts have been made to give a list of the lakes and 
 streams of the Province to be reconunended for fishing, but 
 this is (|uite hopeless as it is difficult to discrimiimte. .\s with everythini; 
 else, there are favorite loi'alities. but in respect t<) trout alone, nearh 
 every part of the Province luis its attractions. On Vancouver island, one 
 of the best trout streams that is easy of access is the Oyster river, a short 
 distance north of Comox. The Campbell river .stands out p oniinently 
 also as a good trout stream. Closer to Victoria. Shawnigan lake and 
 Cowichan river and lake afford excellent fishing. On the mainland, good 
 lishingcan be obtained at Frederic arm. while from Seehelt the streams at 
 the head of the narrows and Salmon arm can be reached. Close to \'an 
 couver. Capilano and Seymour creeks will still give a few splendid fish 
 The Sipiamish can also l)e rcarhcd ni a short time from the same place 
 Ooing farther into the interior. Vale and IIo|)e have good streams, ami 
 Sevoiias. whcit the water is in ciuiditinii. wiii furnish exccljeni spnrl. 
 Taking the whole country into consideration, it is difticidt to beat the 
 Kootenay f(»r Irout since almost every stream there has good fishing and 
 some of them contain ennrmous charr. 
 
18 COMMISSION or CONSKinATlON 
 
 In uortlitTii waters, nearly all the streanm have ({uautities of gray- 
 ling, rangin}; from one to two pouiulH in weight. They rise readily to 
 the fly, and, while hardly to be compared with the trout for sport, are 
 well worth i'atiliin<r. Near Atlin the fishing is exeellent, and at Taku. 
 which is just aeross the lake from the town, a basket of fifty fish would 
 not be considered any very large catch. 
 
 There are several large cold-storage plants in operation 
 in the Province which greatly facilitate the handling of 
 salmon and halibut. Three of these establishments are situated on the 
 Skeena river, being operated in conjunction w^ith canneries. There are 
 also two on the Fraser river, one of these — owned by the British Colum- 
 bia Packers' Association — being an especially large, up-to-date and well- 
 equipped establishment. 
 
 Revenue ^''"^ following shows the revenue and expenditure of the 
 
 and Uovernmciit of Hritish Columbia in respect of fisheries for the 
 
 Expenditure ^,^^^ ^^^jj^^g ^^^^^^ gj^^ ^g^Q. 
 
 Revenue 
 
 Licenses issued, — 
 
 12 trap at $25 $ 300.00 
 
 75 cannery or fish-packing at $100 7,500.00 
 
 4,708 fishing at $5 28,540. 00 
 
 Total revenue $31,340.00 
 
 ExPENorruRE 
 Total expenditure $21,728.03 
 
 .r 
 
Salm< 
 
 Cod 
 
 Lobi 
 
 Her 
 
 Hal 
 
 Wt 
 
 Mg 
 
 Se 
 
 H 
 
PRODUCTION OF CHIEF COMMERCIAL FIS: 
 
 < KiKureH K'ven in pou 
 
 Kill') of KiHh 
 
 .. ,, , I'rinir I'jlward 
 
 Nova Si-otiii N' " lirmi.-wick Inland 
 
 i,;iirl>ec 
 
 Salmon 
 
 Cod 
 
 Lobsters 
 
 Herring 
 
 Halibut 
 
 Whitefish 
 
 Mackerel 
 
 Smelts. 
 
 Haddoel 
 
 Pickerel 
 
 Trout 
 
 Sardine^ 
 
 Hake 
 
 Pikf 
 
 Claras, Quahauns, Srallop-^ 
 
 Pollock 
 
 Oysters. . 
 
 Eels. . . 
 
 .Mewives 
 
 646,3()<l 
 
 1, -.27, 090 
 
 4,120 
 
 994,602 
 
 56,150.971 
 
 >-. 400,200 
 
 2.175,000 
 
 18.276,900 
 
 11. 900. 422 
 
 ;<.yss,560 
 
 2.440,898 
 
 1,046,420 
 
 ;{(•>, 27.S,Wil 
 
 :?7.40,'>.620 
 
 2,434,719 
 
 4 .507,910 
 
 1. ■.;.">'.», 7 11! 
 
 ii;j,."><X) 
 
 1,370 
 
 151,725 
 
 
 2.000 
 
 
 27,780 
 
 10,(K)7,51O 
 
 4:51.400 
 
 308,000 
 
 1,329,800 
 
 7IS,;{o4 
 
 7.2f>S,(KX) 
 
 S.57,o50 
 
 263,400 
 
 21.289,042 
 
 3,07.'>.:)00 
 
 103.700 
 
 199,700 
 
 .... 
 
 ti;{ , ixx) 
 
 
 77,625 
 
 1 
 
 1 1SS,212 
 
 201.300 
 
 25,9<>0 
 
 154,750 
 
 j 
 
 ^T *>fi7 0(H» 
 
 
 6,000 
 
 '; 9,897,29:^ 
 
 2,291.515 
 
 941.110 
 
 35,400 
 
 
 
 1,334,200 
 
 73,000 
 
 ;j,.55.S,4()(l 
 
 9,477,501) 
 
 343,20<» 
 
 12. 583. SOI) 
 2,643,000 
 3,868,000 
 
 24,000 
 
 2,703,800 
 
 
 590.200 
 
 636. SO') 
 
 110,000 
 
 567,400 
 
 1,970,000 
 
 3,O90.O<») 
 
 100,000 
 
 
CIAL FISH. BY PROVINCES, IN 19M 
 
 ven in pounds) 
 
 OiitHnci 
 
 Mitnitoliu 
 
 Sukatcbcwuii 
 
 Alberta and 
 Yukon 
 
 9, 388, MS 
 
 3,124,972 
 .5,162,912 
 
 2,345,296 
 
 ! 34,102 
 
 5,750,400 
 4,500 
 
 3,067,100 
 
 183,000 
 110,000 
 
 SIS.OOO 
 
 138, S74 
 
 4,679,235 i J62,100 1,930,000 1,104,308 
 
 77,330 
 68,750 
 
 618,341 
 
 British 
 Columbia 
 
 Total 
 
 66,480,070 eO,79S,7SS 
 
 1,082,700 86,085,771 
 
 19,466,300 
 
 68, 449,700 148,664,408 
 
 21,706,(100 31), 232, 308 
 
 ! 12,406,423 
 
 12,076,710 
 
 314,700 9,422,904 
 
 24,727,942 
 
 9,273,627 
 
 212,6(0 6,118,984 
 
 63,273,900 
 
 13,165,318 
 
 6,918,737 
 
 1,386,600 18,887,000 
 
 12,120,800 
 
 792, OtX) 7,707,000 
 
 1,938,502 
 
 6,166,000 
 
.A^MHiMM 
 
 MMMlM 
 
 PRODDCTION OF PRINCIPAL COMMERCIAL FISH IK CANADA, 
 (Figures given in pounds) 
 
 U86-1MB 
 
 Salmon . 
 
 Cod. 
 
 Lobsters. . 
 
 Herrinp 
 
 Halibut 
 
 Whitcfish. 
 
 Mackerel 
 Smflts 
 
 Haddock . 
 
 Pickerel . 
 
 Trout . 
 
 •Sardine*. , 
 
 Hake 
 
 Pike. 
 
 Clams, yuahaufi mid 
 Scallops 
 
 Pollock. 
 
 Oysters. 
 
 Eels 
 
 Alewi vcs 
 
 1<<VT 
 
 !n7,;:i0.:)(>i 
 jr.'.".r»,(Ws 
 
 1,735.017 
 
 .'?,'.1,s,'<,.5(iO 
 
 120,690,134 
 
 .').'.! V2,rj.-)S 
 
 il;f7,2(Ml 
 
 i;,4oti,-ii'i 
 
 L-".'.072,5(V) 
 •■>.('>7I ,01)7 
 I .02-2, Ci-H) 
 
 b 
 
 r;..-i29,tHMl 
 
 1 1 . 120.-J(K) 
 
 -'.7.'!7.75.=) 
 
 7,IU7.(i!KI 
 
 ISSfi 
 
 12,l)31,JSl 
 
 IDS, 141. :{()() 
 
 :'.:i.7.")S, 121 
 
 n 
 
 1,.'')()3,S72 
 
 fi,s09,22;t 
 
 :iO,4.jS.492 
 
 7,2n?t,sss 
 
 21 ..<47,4()0 
 2.r.24,7v-, 
 .■)..5as,41:i 
 
 .;0.S13,5(M) 
 l,l!M,74;i 
 1 .4.(S,GiU 
 
 b 
 7.!»U4..")(Hi 
 
 ;2,.';si,o.Ki 
 
 ;.107.2U('i 
 <;. 777,411(1 
 
 1SS7 
 
 10,273.(i(i5 
 107,S88,000 
 
 l!t.4S,">.6S7 
 
 a 
 
 1,711,519 
 
 <),840,S.5f) 
 
 20.430,641 
 r..923.41S 
 
 21.r.(K>,3lK) 
 2, 412, .549 
 .'>.293.,t65 
 
 2t'..f)«17,00() 
 
 •i,o:i4,4f>;> 
 
 1 .lf)l,9(i!t 
 
 lil.2!IO,2i)0 
 
 12, 272, (Kill 
 
 2.s30..5i»,^ 
 
 ti .")4it.4()() 
 
 IHSS 
 
 15,242,192 
 105,n8",7(K) 
 
 22,173,77,5 
 
 a 
 
 1,368,80.*; 
 
 10, 189, 8.56 
 
 13,155,363 
 3,723,772 
 
 23,718,300 
 3,484,416 
 5,717,460 
 8,470,83.'! 
 
 12,267,057 
 1,500,878 
 
 b 
 
 12,107,100 
 
 11,246,800 
 
 6,108,945 
 
 5.71.T.O(K1 
 
 1880 
 
 25,773,839 
 
 90,456,000 
 
 21,131,233 
 
 143,934,881 
 
 1,903,115 
 
 9,806,422 
 
 13,186,112 
 
 5,011,058 
 
 12,566,200 
 
 3,264,601 
 
 5,941,893 
 
 11,902,000 
 
 11,950,889} 
 
 1,743,444 
 
 b 
 
 7,719,600 
 
 12,609,800 
 
 2,798,473 
 
 7,494,oOO 
 
 1890 
 
 24,688,994 
 
 85,773,400 
 
 25,055,984 
 
 97,569,806 
 
 1,525,130 
 
 11,176,582 
 
 20,302,764 
 
 4,735,517 
 
 13,301,700 
 
 3,142,189 
 
 6,651,866 
 
 6 
 
 9,501,054 
 
 1,601,702 
 
 b 
 
 6,838,700 
 
 11,335,200 
 
 2,902,851 
 
 S. 553, 200 
 
 li9\ 
 
 1892 
 
 20,254,511 
 84,983,800 
 26,910,167 
 92,697,450 
 
 2,719,697 
 11,763,841 
 28,018,181 
 
 6,552,101 
 15,017,000 
 
 2,000,679 
 
 6,030,243 
 
 b 
 12,524,575 
 
 1,811, 357 
 
 b 
 
 8,124,800 
 
 12,206,400 
 
 1,699,496 
 
 S,fi23,4(K) 
 
 17,712,029 
 88,018,400 
 24,549,408 
 84,768,615 
 
 3,430,809 
 23,776,763 
 19,145,130 
 
 4,719,103 
 16,757,800 
 
 3,803,190 
 
 7,315,219 
 
 b 
 
 11,736,217 
 
 9,682,670 
 
 b 
 
 7,429,400 
 
 11,100,000 
 
 1,884,056 
 
 7,530..S0O 
 
 1803 
 
 37,803,050 
 
 1,078,078 
 
 28,360,213 
 
 82,641,704 
 
 2,840,610 
 
 21,300,280 
 
 15,764,407 
 
 8,283,481 
 
 13,323,400 
 
 3,848,304 
 
 6,604,630 
 
 20,426,800 
 
 10,842,339 
 
 8,737,606 
 
 6 
 
 8,052,700 
 
 10,216,000 
 
 2,692,960 
 
 9,456,200 
 
 1804 
 
 :tO,337,S95 
 
 93,060,400 
 
 28,463,693 
 
 113,014,821 
 
 3,481,270 
 14,864,170 
 12,420,472 
 
 8.087,070 
 14,217,490 
 
 7,610,425 
 
 7,026,883 
 27,366,600 
 10,320,700 
 
 3,070,484 
 
 b 
 8,875,800 
 9,026,400 
 2,646,060 
 12,694,000 i 
 
 1S95 
 
 34,553,127 
 
 80,806,300 
 
 27,093,592 
 
 123,001,608 
 
 3,077,350 
 
 14, 249,. 399 
 
 9,170,036 
 
 0,022,157 
 
 12,306,800 
 
 7,678,411 
 
 7,134,116 
 
 37,617,800 
 
 7,300,331 
 
 3,502,075 
 
 4,004,400c 
 
 5,050,700 
 
 9,534,600 
 
 2,906,070 
 
 9.621.600 
 
 1896 
 
 35,900,015 
 
 81,129,800 
 
 28,882,638 
 
 131,304,426 
 
 3,672,626 
 
 13,374,000 
 
 0,080,072 
 
 9,970,805 
 
 13,628,200 
 
 6,897,810 
 
 6,050,086 
 
 17,306.200 
 
 9,550,667 
 
 3,604,790 
 
 3,058,200c 
 
 8,878,100 
 
 9,714,800 
 
 2,504,135 
 
 10,523,200 
 
 1807 
 
 66,270,101 
 
 97,616,700 
 
 36,313,6.54 
 
 112.925,772 
 
 3,177,138 
 
 11.268,889 
 
 6,410,058 
 
 8,563,380 
 
 27,706,315 
 
 7,463,137 
 
 6,544,527 
 
 31,661,000 
 
 13,808,830 
 
 3,883,383 
 
 b 
 
 18,8So,tJ00 
 
 8,044,400 
 
 2,477,683 
 
 9,483,000 
 
 ISOS 
 
 31,042,125 
 
 71,669,700 
 
 45,568,004 
 
 92,863,858 
 
 3,897,765 
 
 10,670,651 
 
 7,656,742 
 
 8,403,839 
 
 20,411,123 
 
 5,737,277 
 
 7,147,065 
 
 36,367,000 
 
 14,850,707 
 
 3,653,081 
 
 420,200c 
 
 7,235,400 
 
 10,731,200 
 
 2,176,305 
 
 7,971,200 
 
 1890 
 
 45,003,208 
 
 03,600,700 
 
 26,055,110 
 
 122,060,036 
 
 3,780,605 
 
 11,024,178 
 
 8,266,669 
 
 8,833,200 
 
 20,420,828 
 
 6,416,994 
 
 8,887,606 
 
 46,670,400 
 
 24,136,032 
 
 5,838,437 
 
 b 
 
 12,154,300 
 
 8,102,000 
 
 2,013,665 
 
 6,765,400 
 
 1000 
 
 40,435,009 
 90,081.700 
 29,462,190 
 95,132,848 
 
 6,190,120 
 12,460,258 
 18,104,772 
 
 0,500,105 
 17,050,925 
 
 6,065,829 
 
 6,816,030 
 23,031,600 
 20,816,861 
 
 3,178,688 
 
 b 
 
 10,812,500 
 
 8,384,000 
 
 2,260,781 
 
 8,100,600 
 
 '1 Inforni.'ilioii L'ivcii in numlwrH of lisli, 
 b No retiinis inidp for then- years. 
 r ''lam'^ 'iiiK . 
 
 iini [uniri'l-. :inil cannot I here' re be reckoucii in teriii- of weight. 
 
ISO! 
 
 1902 
 
 |f principal COMMBRCIAL pish in CANADA, IMS-IMB 
 
 (Figures jtiven in pounds) 
 
 r 
 
 73,707,656 
 
 47,431, 358H 
 
 H96 
 
 1897 
 
 1898 
 
 IMS 
 
 1000 
 
 1901 
 
 1902 
 
 1900 
 
 1904 
 
 1906 j 
 
 1906 
 
 190,- ! 
 
 1908 
 
 1909 
 
 
 
 100,781,200 
 
 100,520,600 H 
 
 ,'.,999,015 
 
 55,270,191 
 
 31,042,125 
 
 45,003,208 
 
 40,436,999 
 
 73,707,686 
 
 47,431,358 
 
 i 
 
 9Df ^0o ,«toH 
 
 44,394,890 
 
 84,830,030 
 
 54,822,666 
 
 49,670,087 
 
 44,793,018 
 
 69,796,768 
 
 Salmon 
 
 
 26,476,104 
 
 23,553,521 H 
 
 1,129,H()() 
 
 97,616,700 
 
 71,669.700 
 
 93,590,700 
 
 90,081,700 
 
 100,781,200 
 
 100,520,600 
 
 83,929,800 
 
 80,832,086 
 
 76,066,700 
 
 69,666,79.'. 
 
 76,625,200 
 
 75,827,100 
 
 86,085,771 
 
 Cod 
 
 
 90,268,06S 
 
 87,348,099 H 
 
 S,S82,63S 
 
 36,313,0.54 
 
 45.568,994 
 
 25,955,110 
 
 29,462,190 
 
 26,476,104 
 
 23,553,521 
 
 21,456,858 
 
 21,867,088 
 
 25.899,024. 
 
 20,241,764 
 
 18,409,510 
 
 20,748,797 
 
 19,466,300 
 
 Lobetere 
 
 
 6,790,711 
 
 9,962,917 H 
 
 fl, 304, 426 
 
 112,925,772 
 
 92,863,858 
 
 122.060,036 
 
 96,132,848 
 
 99,268,068 
 
 87,348,099 
 
 88,983,215 
 
 88,826,454 
 
 96,000,920 
 
 109,017,847 
 
 98,465,857 i 
 
 130,046,624 
 
 148,554,408 
 
 Hening 
 
 
 13,843,945 
 
 14,415,220 H 
 
 :j, 672, 625 
 
 3,177,138 
 
 3,897,765 
 
 3,789,605 
 
 6,190,129 
 
 6,790,711 
 
 9,962,917 
 
 11,430,128 
 
 14,486,145 
 
 10,618,062 
 
 15,665,410 
 
 15,578,986 ' 
 
 19,214,013 
 
 23,232,308 
 
 Halibut 
 
 
 16.459,015 
 
 9,600,376 H 
 
 3,374,000 
 
 11.268,889 
 
 10,670,651 
 
 11,024,178 
 
 12,486,258 
 
 13,843.945 
 
 14,415,220 
 
 14,034,420 
 
 16,488,740 
 
 14,548,310 
 
 12,293,710 
 
 8,853,660 
 
 10, .358, 734 
 
 12,405,423 
 
 Whitefish. . . 
 
 
 9,717,479 
 
 9,170.240^1 
 
 9.980,972 
 
 6,419,058 
 
 7,656,742 
 
 8,266,669 
 
 18,194,772 
 
 16,459,015 
 
 9,600,376 
 
 18,562,526 
 
 8.302,306 
 
 11,015,868 
 
 15,320,025 
 
 11,344.740 
 
 16,113,940 
 
 12,076,710 
 
 Mackerel 
 
 
 22,704,669 
 
 17,783,7S3^H 
 
 9,970,805 
 
 8,563,389 
 
 8,403,8.39 
 
 8,833,260 
 
 9,500,105 
 
 9,717,479 
 
 9,170,240 
 
 9,616,075 
 
 .S, 971, 676 
 
 8,662,950 
 
 8,459,006 
 
 10,470,324 
 
 7,501,906 
 
 9,422,904 
 
 Smelus 
 
 
 8,902,082 
 
 10,197,015^ 
 
 13,628,200 
 
 27.706,315 
 
 20,411,123 
 
 20,420,828 
 
 17,959,925 
 
 22,704,669 
 
 17,783,783 
 
 17,573,383 
 
 18,687,000 
 
 24,195.184 
 
 21,521,366 
 
 22,769,735 
 
 20, 5:), 219 
 
 24, 727, 942 
 
 Hwidoek 
 
 
 6,946,360 
 
 6,543,05a ■ 
 
 *6, 897, 810 
 
 7,453,137 
 
 5.737,277 
 
 6,416,994 
 
 6,055,829 
 
 8.902,082 
 
 10,197,915 
 
 10,233,340 
 
 10,757,640 
 
 10,966.825 
 
 9, 924,770 
 
 7, 689,. «r2 
 
 6,298,011 
 
 9,276,627 
 
 Pickeml 
 
 
 49,171,200 
 
 34,422,300 H 
 
 f>,9.')0,986 
 
 5,544.527 
 
 7,147,965 
 
 8,887,606 
 
 8,816.030 
 
 6,946,380 
 
 8,543,053 
 
 7,669,927 
 
 8,215,796 
 
 8,288.878 
 
 8,(B7,177 
 
 6,944,218 
 
 7,211,246 
 
 6,118,984 
 
 Trout 
 
 
 11,772,182 
 
 10,188,765 H 
 
 I7,3'i6,200 
 
 31,661,000 
 
 36,367,000 
 
 45,670,400 
 
 23,031,600 
 
 49,171 300 
 
 34.422,300 
 
 39,047,900 
 
 67,079,200 
 
 72,423,200 
 
 49,480,200 
 
 58,300,000 
 
 62,181,600 
 
 53,273,90^ 
 
 Sardines 
 
 
 6,427,685 
 
 6,599,5:il) H 
 
 9.550,667 
 
 13,898,830 
 
 14,859,707 
 
 24,136,632 
 
 20,816,Hfll 
 
 11,772,182 
 
 10,188,765 
 
 10,17*,iytl 
 
 44,398,333 
 
 17,483,106 
 
 12,763,800 
 
 18.498,395 
 
 18,530,273 
 
 13.166,318 
 
 Hake 
 
 
 6 
 
 ''1 
 
 3,594.790 
 
 3.883,383 
 
 3,653,981 
 
 5,838,437 
 
 3,171, 888 
 
 6,427,685 
 
 6,599,530 
 
 6,325,425 
 
 6.963,900 
 
 6,337,860 
 
 5,625,500 
 
 5,677,7:J0 
 
 r.,539,72t) 
 
 6,918,737 
 
 Pike 
 
 CUma, Quahaugs 
 
 and 
 
 11,357,900 
 
 12,529,100 H 
 
 3.958.200c 
 
 » 
 
 429,200f 
 
 » 
 
 * 
 
 b 
 
 6 
 
 I 6 
 
 b 
 
 b 
 
 6 
 
 b 
 
 1 
 
 137,901,400 
 
 18,887,000 
 
 ScaUopiT 
 
 
 8,824,400 
 
 7,458,400 H 
 
 S. 878, 100 
 
 18.865,600 
 
 7,235,400 
 
 12,1.t4,300 
 
 10,812,500 
 
 U, 857.900 
 
 12,529,100 
 
 12.509,600 
 
 11,787,900 
 
 16.151,600 
 
 14,.S66,200 
 
 13,772,500 
 
 11,320 ,UK.> 
 
 12,120,500 
 
 PoUook 
 
 
 2,268,470 
 
 1,997,908 H 
 
 9.714,800 
 
 8,944,400 
 
 10 731,200 
 
 8,102,600 
 
 8,3M,(IW) 
 
 S, 824, 400 
 
 7,458.400 
 
 7,151,400 
 
 7,597,48« 
 
 6,889,800 
 
 6,471,000 
 
 1 5,459,800 
 
 7,005,400 
 
 7,707.000 
 
 Ojt/tan 
 
 
 6,971,400 
 
 0.312,800 H 
 
 2,504,135 
 
 2,477,683 
 
 2,175,305 
 
 2,013,665 
 
 2,269,7«1 
 
 2,288,470 
 
 1,997,908 
 
 2,248,450 
 
 2,417,900 
 
 2,386,560 
 
 2,403,410 
 
 i 2,173,600 
 
 2,088,395 
 
 1,938.502 
 
 E«h 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 1(>.,V23,200 
 
 9,4.S3,f)(Hl 
 
 7,971 .200 
 
 6.765,400 
 
 8.100,600 
 
 6.971.400 
 
 9,312.800 
 
 fi. 682, 200 
 
 7.780,800 
 
 6,082,000 
 
 6,311,600 
 
 5,978,400 
 
 5.688,010 
 
 5.166,000 
 
 .\lewive6 
 
 -- 
 
"i