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Les diagrammas suivants illustrent la m*thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 MiatOCOPY KESOlUriON TEST CHAUT .ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2i 2.2 aaar^ '^'J-J Eos* Ma.n Stre*- ^^ ^^16) 482 - 0300 ^ PhoH. ^S (716) 288-59d9 - Tq, UNIVERSITY IlAURENTIAM LailBPMVit.-MK.r-l '■riivirnr TV ^^: N, ) WHITEFISH IN THE GREAT LAKES FISH CULTURE IN CANADA FISHERIES OF PRINCE ED- WARD ISLAND, MANITOBA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA QDFEN'SuNlu',,,; .-'^ m dUL3 : ^^'O REPRINTED FROM THE REPORT ON LANDS. FISHERIES. GAME AND Mil .RALS ISSUED BY THE COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION, CANADA. 1911 J ■H 8 WHITEFISH IN THE GREAT LAKES BV C. W. (MUTHIER FISH CULTURE IN CANADA FISHERIES OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND BY E. T. CARBONELL FISHERIES OF MANITOBA FISHERIES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA m REPRINTED FROM THE REPORT ON LANDS. FISHERIES. GAME AND MINERALS ISSUED BY THE COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION, CANADA. 1911 OTTAWA ROLLA L. GRAIN CO . LIMITED r X wmrKi-isii IN I mi: (iUKAT i,\ki;s Hy (' W (i VI I iiiKU /' lias (. 'siild-ii! II, siiiilil, III i.liliitii I III fiiii\> .,/ Ill, I r/ii III III I 'I iijn rill, I ,111 this siihjii I, III,, I Mr. (iivillm r l.iiiilh) i nnsi iilnl In i milrihiili Iht liilli'ii-iitij ,irliil, Ills rii ii\ nri suhmilli il fur i ,,i,siili niliini. Kditor In '•nrif,i.li|-iiit; tile i|ii.sl mil nf tin- su|)|(l\ iiC wliilctisli III tln' filial li'l^ ^ till' I '.:ii;ii';,iliilion.s lumir liy I'riihk N Chirk, of llic I'liitcd Stjili-,s Kish ((iiiHiiissi..:.. lit Hie liifi'iiiatinnnl l•'islll•^i(■^ ( '(i,i\ciiti(iii Iii'|<| at Wasliii :l'I..i, i • S(|ili'niliir. IIMtS. m-,. 'vortliv d' attfiition. .Mr. (lark, who is an cNiicrt fish lulliirist. riTdtiiniciHliMl tliat rmiu tw.i fi. tiv.- I.MIi >n wiiitclish frv he |no|iiii.iitiil yearly on x-,\v\\ siilr id' tlic (iri'al hikes, tind stHti'il that, it' tills Wi'i-i' iluni'. tlic lisli uipiiiij smiii licciniif as ahuiiijaiil as ill II ruiiT yi-ai-s, lie also rt'conmu'inleil tiiat tlif [ircsfiif liati'licrii's In- fiihtiirfd and m-w oin s having larRi' I'apaiity hi- huilt. so tliat a I'lose si'asoti would be practicullv iiiiiii ssary. The artiiifial propajfation and introdui'liiiii nf whit.'fish into lake Kric and tlie Detroit river, he sjiid. had itu-reased the raich in I'eeeiit years, lie lielieved that, if h i-lose season must lie enl'oreed, it should lie ehanned tmiii Noveinher to ,|ii|y and Aujjnst, when the wati r is warm and the Msh. eonseipiently. are in poor eoiiditioii tor the market, Hon. Seymour Mowers, of the Mielii(;an Fish- eries Commi.ssioii, f'rof. ••■Miies Nevin. of the Wisconsin Fish Commis- sion. I'rof DnwiiinK. m I'nited States Fish Commission, and the ma.jority of tliii.se preset. ,^reed with the views ahove quoted. The principal causes for the depletion of whitelisli in the (ireat lak^s are n The use of larj;e nunihers of ^ill nets set upmi the feediii-' grounds in deep waters, where they eateli only the whitelisli and trout: (2i the soft fish which fre(iuent the shnilov.- water arc not cnu<rlii in these deep water nets; conseipienti.x when the whitetish eoii;e into tiie sliallow waters to spawn, these soft tish such as herrinsr. mullets, pike, perch and pickerel, prey upon the c^'u's ii I upon the yoiiiij? wliitefish. The remedy I'or ,|iis de|)letioii is th- Iniihriijf of new hatcheries and tlie cnliir^'cmenl of present hatcheries t - make it possible to iiicrea.sc the output to two billions of whiteti,sh fry yearly, for the (ireat lakes The use III' pound nets should be eneonrap'd because these nets can be set only in slmal waters and will catch larpre i|Uaiititics of the aforemeiitiencd soft fish and pickerel, wliicli prey upon the whitetish and their cs;j;s The takintr ashore of all fish causrht in the pound nets, except imtiiatiire white- 4 (.OMMISSKiN "»■ roNSI in ATloV HMh Hhoul.l Ik. .n... ..npulm.iy. The pr..|m»Ht.o„ of Kah,,..,, tr.u.t hI.ouM I., aiwontii,!..-.! »n tlu-v Hr.- of !.■«. .•oiMMMT.-inl vhIu.. than wlut-tisi, . mI ..o:; t..i. ti....-H ,no.v p.-r .oillion to propn^Htr. Wl,.i. trout hiv o.Htur... fhrv .l!-v..ur til. whif.-tWi. lK>tli Kfown aii.l iiMiMHtuir, Y! • 1-Hk.- Kri.' a.i.l Detroit Riv.-r whiti'tmli ar.' Ilif llii.Nt .p""l'»> '" North AM...ri.a. I.-mo!^ th.- whit.'Mt in ...lor hihI th.' ll.i.Kt in Havonr. Km thiN r..«Ho... a. M.u.h Hpawn an poH.ihl.- nhouhl he .olh-.t.-.l e«.;h year tn.m the HHherieK ih U'M Krie an.l Detroit river for prop>««' ti'Mi m the hat-li- ..rien f. repleniHh the «i...i» Inken. With proper arranReuient m-vernl hun.lrea ...illioMH of whiteilHh eKKS eouhl he ohtaine.l en.l. vear. In tonn.r vearM. nmnev han heen Hpent in pro.M.rin^ e»r«s of inferior ..ual.ty tron. 'the bav of (ininte, TheHe e««H were H..nt f. Sa.ulwieh hatehery for pro- paKHtion. when Hutlieient e^^K ..r K..o.i MUHlitv eouhl have h. .htan.e.l frou. the Detn.it riv.-r to Irnv .n.phlely tiih.l the San.iw.eh an- Sam.. hateheries an.l for h-.H n, y per million than w«h spent .n ohta.n.ng eRg8 fro„. the hay <.t' liuinte. The a.nount ohtame.l from the hay <■. Liuinte was 8.. small that the Sarnia hatehery was elose,! during 1! 0.) • -A U,e «a.ulwieh hatehery ha.l to operate at only partial eapoe.ty In three years I'tOl 1«t)2 an<l lilOT. ninety million e(j(fs were sent from the Detroit Rive^ Hsheries to the Selkirk. Manit.-lm hatehery. where the whitefish are worth to the ;.shern.an <.nly :»e. per 11... while, aeeonhuK to the reports o the Department of Marine an.l Fisheries, they are worth loe 1 ere. This wUl show the ..e..essity for the enlargement of our pres.M.t hatelu J.es an.l will "" "« TM ..o,(MMI.()()() eu'Rt! ^u\ out of th.- Pro- the estahlishmei't ( t new ones, as in« . ", . r vin,.e were badlv uee.le.l in (ieorgian hay. In the years 1H97. IWl. 1006 1.11908 eggs wen. n..t supplie.l to the Selkirk hatehery. nor were the> ^upp ed to tt Kerens River hatehery in Vm. S.^ew eggs w. .'e pro- S for the Selkirk hatehery that only 2H9...rH).0O0 fry was le toj^ output for sixteen years, while the eapae.ty for that time was 1,440,000,000 eggs. . • , a.i. The whitefish of the Gre.it lake:, is the n.ost valuable eommereia fish iuCana.l«. Those weighing 4-. " -''VrT :," "'l^o falent to $30 per 100 lbs. an.l an- use.l ..« plank.'H whitehsh. The l^JP"^™ sL'ad obtai.. eggs from the large variet.v and P-pagate t.,em or marke in laree eities The Department shoul.l have the advice of a practical expeTnct fisherman /one who is thoroughly versed in he varion Ss of fish, their habits, the l..-Rlities which they frequent, the kinds rnttsused in the Great lakes and rive,., and the Propa^;^>; ^ X servation of the most valued kinds of fresh-water fish. The t^^* """J^^ Ton should be the building of hatcheries and t^-/'^^^™ '^^l;^*^. hatcheries and the svstematic gathering of spawn, yearly. The IXpan men? hTsnevn. placed whiteHsh fry in lake Superior, fieorgian bay. or The Manit^ulin Island district, and has planted iu the southern portion of I U III I I I ISM IN I in- C.UI- \ I l.\M s » Inkf llurori diirii.jf Mir piixt tm >ciirH the t'rv frnni nnlv :{.<XX) Huh K<>r flu' ii|i|i<T liikcH. Iml^liiTitu MJHiiilil lie I'Htal'lixhfil iit I'orf Arttmr. Stiult Stf Miirif. ('olliiijfwood. Ovviii Sound hikI S(iutliiim|it<>ii Tlu' hntilifry at Winrtoii Mliotdd |>r<>|m!ratc wliittHKli fUfpt otdy In tln' pnut, tliin hHli'hi'n liiis |irii|iM^uti-d Miilriiipii trinit. fhf inoht vontcii)\iM tit" Huh. whifh di'VDHfN Hotli yoiiiii,' Hnd iimtiiri' wliitcfish. For lnk«'s Krir iind nniniii), Jmtilicrii'M xlioiilil Im- fHttil»li»ht'd ut KiiiWNvilli'. tiiid Ht one III- tvvi. ..th.-r plmcH hihIi hh llHiiiiltdii. I'urt Hope. Kiti(fMtoti or Itfllcvillc. Tlic wriftT foiild tliis vfiir providi- 2.iMm.iHM),tNHi or iipwHrilH of wliitctiMli .-iftpt Ht li'Hs tlinii oiu- li. • ■ the rout per niillioii. on thf Hvt'rtiKf. than liHH lift-n fxpiMidi'd diirintt lit- past v\g\\t ycai-H to pnividi- an in- sutHfii'iit ipuintity for thi' Samlwich and Sarnia hatchiTicM. DiiHinr ihf .)aKl lour yi-arn. aliout 8().(HM» whit»'Hnh have \m't\ i-auKht in thf Imy of (Jiiintf. The rm-ky and Kravcl bt'a<hi'H h.vv ho injured tht-n*- titth that only aliouf l^.'i.dOO.IMK) ^^|t^!H were pr«Mii-i'd innttad of thn !I(K),- fMKt.OIMt « hicii that nninlM r of finh nliould liavc yichii'd. Thfw t'dt^M, takt'ii from Hsh of Iht inftiior dark-scali' varifty. were hrouifht at iinnt'oHwiry pxppiisc ti) ihc Sandwiih hatchcrN . TliiH Murdy sIiowh inisiiianaiT'iiicnt. when liiri;<' ipiafititics of Nupcrioi (Hudity were ohf«inal)h' from the Detroit river, at the very dmu-M of the Sanilwieli hatriiery, especially ax egftH from an inferior (piality flxh aueii as those of lake Ontario 'on! ! not he plaiitetj amon>f the Hnest tjuality whitetiah in Canada, wli^ hey will iiierease in numlM-rs to the detriment of the Hupeiior fj.ieeies. -inR the same four years, the Department planted in lake l^ntario r'ie progeny of less than eight hundre<l whiteflsh. The inereased eateh of whitetisli in reee ii > -ars in 'al-i Urie and the Detroit river is priwf of the benefit of liatel. . s. there heiiiK no doubt that the increase i.s the result of the deposit of fry from the .Sandwich hatelury. Some lakes show depletion on account of no deposit of fry. while in otiiers the deposit has been so inadequate as to be of little benefit. The amount of fish caught by Americans in lake Krie has been much greater than tl.e ainoiuit caught by Canadians. This is partly t.ue to there In-ing fewer restrictions placed on the Americans, and partly to the fact that Americans have propagated and deposited more fry in their fishing grounds. In order to understand present conditions and the means for remedy- ing the depiction, I beg to give the following figures taken from the Annual Report.s of the Department of Marine and Fisheries. .\ com- parison of the catch of whitefish shows an increa.sed catch out of lake Winnipeg in 1909. The value of the whitefish to the Winnipeg fishermen is only :{c. per lb. All the whitefish that come from lake Winnipeg and 6 COMMISSION OF CONSKKX ATION lake Winnipefrosis nro i-aught in a lake area of about 4,000 s(|UHrr miles, as compared with :ir).000 siiuare n.ili-s of Canadian waters in lakes Super- ior. Huron, Erie. Ontario and (ieoririaTi ha.v. The Manitoba Fisheries Commission, in its recent report, reeoininended the eiilarginjr of the old and the huildiiiR of additional h;iteheries in Manitoba. The i-apaeity of the three hatcheries now in operation in that province is ;{00.000,000 whitetish eggs. If the reeoininendations of the Coinniission are carried out. it will probably result in one billion eggs being propagated yearly for the waters of Manitoba. In recent years, as few as twenty-five, thirty, forty and less than fifty million whitefish fry have been pro- pagated yearly. This year about seventy-five million have been pro- pagated in the 36,000 -([uare miles of water constituting the Great lakes of Ontario. Seventy-five per cent, of the fry were liberated into lake Erie and Detroit river, which waters in recent years show a steady in- crease in catch. The following statement shows the catch of whitefish in lake Winni- peg ami tributary waters: 18()(; 2,871.5:19 pounds j,«09 2.5-1.7.041 " 1900 1.974,020 " 1909 :5.468.100 " Contrast the above with the great decrease in the five Great lakes of Ontario. Ig90 7,r)9r).692 pounds 1894 4,598.972 " lg99 2,926,035 " 1905 2.895.170 " 1906 '.'. 3.545.100 " 1908 4.076.643 " The increased catch of whitefish in the last two years is partly ac- counted for by the larger catch in lak.- Erie, which rose from 204.322 lbs. in 1890. to 826.189 lbs. in 1908. The Department of Marine and Fisher- ies values the whitefish caught in the five Great lakes at lOe. per lb. and the total catch, of all kinds of fish out of said lakes decreased froin 33.328.433 lbs. in 1892 to only 22.572.300 lbs. in 1905. Of this decrease about one-half was in the catch of whitefish. The need of propagation a.id liberation of fry in the waters of cer- tain localities where the greatest depletion has occurred will be apparent from a comparison of the catch for the several years, out of the various lakes. On the American side of the lakes, the fishermen do not pay license fees, and there is no limitation to the number of nets used. They prop- WHITEFISll IN THI-; GRKAT LAKI'.S < agate a minli largt-r (luaiitity of whitetisli fry With the result that thev fatch more fisli. In ISitf). the average catch per man on the Arnericau side of lake Krie was 7.00(1 jlis. more than the catch of the Canadian fish- erman out of the same lake. Following is a comparison of amounts taken on the American and Canadian sides of the (Jreat Lake Fisheries: Amehic.^n Side 1880 6X.742.;iOO ll)s, 1885 !t;».S42.00() " 1889 117.0sr).r)68 " 18f)9 11:{.17S.7.")0 " Total. 4 vears .. :{!W.848.118 " C.WADIAN Sn)E l].47:$,0001bs. 27.2!t8,0OO " 82,169,082 '• 28.677.691 " 9<t,61 7,728 ■• The la.st r. S. Census report for catch of tish ill the (ireiit lakes and lake Krie is not jivailaMc at the time of writing. 1892 88,828.488 lbs. 1902 26,912,66") " 1908 27,614,295 " 1909 28,670,861 " Total for 8 vears hv Canadians out of the five (ireat lakes. 216. 148,477 Tiie following shows the decrease in Canadian whitcfisli catches in various waters : L.XKK SiPF.RIOR 1890 978.400 Ihs. 1894 991.888 " 1907 800.640 ' ' Decrease from 1890 to 1907 677.760 " Georoi,\n B.w .v.M) Lake Hi'ron 1890 5.940.800 Ihs. 1894 2,697,0.86 " 1905 1,073.030 " 1907 1,162,660 " Decrease from 1890 to 1907 4,778,140 " COMMISSION- OK CONSKKX ATION Georgian Bay 1890 2.966.000 lbs. 1900 818,420 " 1907 293,240 " Decrease from 1890 to 1907 2,672,760 " North Channel, Lake Huron 1890 2,532,800 lbs. 1907 293,240 " Decrease from 1890 to 1907 2,239,560 " Lake Huron Proper 1890 442,000 lbs. 1907 81,820 " Decrease from 1890 to 1907 360.180 " The Sandwich hatchery established in 1876 has. during a period of thirty-five .vears, liberated only about 1.400,000,000 whitefish fry. most of whicli have been for Detroit river and lake Erie. A mucli larger ()uantity should have been propagated for these waters. That even tliis amount has been beneficial, may be seen in the increased catch of wiiitefish in recent years from Detroit river and lake Erie as shown in the following tables : Detroit River Catch of Whitepish 1896 19,500 lbs. 1900 9,126 " 1901 20,721 " 1906 30,800 " 1907 150,000 " 1908 140,000 " 1909 175,000 " Increase from 1900 to 1909 of 165,874 " i w iiiTi-.i'isii IN rm: GKf AT i..\Ki:s •• liAKi: Erie < aici! of Wuiteiisii ISOO 2(U.;i:{2 11)8. 1!I0S 8:{0.180 " Increase in catch of 62:),8:)7 It" we take llie <rrcat increase in the catcli ol' tisli in tiie state of Michigan from .TIJU.HGS llis. in 18!)2 to .')().464.(l()0 in 1906. as a criter- ion, it is prolinblc tlnit tlie yearly catcli hy Americans in recent years has been about 1:!(),(H»0.II(»() lbs. annually, while the Canadian catch in HM).') was only 22.r)72..'{00 lbs. and, in lODK. only 28,670.:!61 Ib.s. The following statement shows the catch in the waters of lake Michijran. which is about one-third the area of the Great lakes of Ontario, and also the catel- in the Canadian (ireat lakes: L.vKE Michigan Canapia.v Lake>< 1885 27,2fl4,!t75 lbs. 27,778,100 lbs. 1892 ;53,7U,868 " ;j;U28,433" 1905 44.:{26,00(t •• 22,572,:{00 " 1906 ,-)0.4fi4,0n(» •' 2:<,141.8:}0 " Total 4 years . 155,799,84:1 106.820,66;! The fishermen of Miehif^an caught far more whitetish and salmon trout— tiie best kinds of fi.sh— than the Canadians. The Americans plant- ed several times more whitetish fry in lake Krie than the Canadians. Following is a comparison of the catch of whitetish in lake Krie: A.MEKI(A.\ Ca.wdiw 1880 :{.:]:!;!.80() ll)s. 205,090 lbs. 1885 :i..5:n.855 " 186.080 " 1889 :w2;}.772 " ;}06.2i:{ " 1899 2.066.314 " 431.022 " Total 4 years . 12,245,741 1.128,405 The Department of Marine and Fisheries expended for the propaga- tion of British Columbia salmou, and Atlantic salmon more than one thousand dollars per million fry on the average, and these fish are not so valuable per pouml as the whitetish in the (treat lakes of Ontario, which may be propagated ui large hatcheries at a cost of less than .1i70 per 10 ( o^!MiSS■l )N' ' )!•■ i.ONSI:k\ \ I II i\ inillioM I'ty. A fait jirohiilil.v not known to the pnhlii' is that IJritish Coln!M!>ia siilmon live only four yt-ars, and deposit their eggs only onee (luring their lifetii-ie. averaging .'{.MOO eggs to a tish. The whitelish lives fifty to one hundred years and yields ;{r),()()0 eggs yearly and is more valuable per pound tiian the Hritisli Colunihia saluiou. Ill eonelusioii. I wouM say that niiieli remains to he done under systeniatie l)iisinesslike management to arrest the rapid depletion of the whitefish, our most valuable tish. I liave conelusively shown (<») the value of hateheries, in the comparisons given above lietween the Anieriean and ("anadian fisheries, and also between the lakes of Manitoba and Ontario; (It) that the expense of operating small hateheries is greater in proportion than would be the expense of hateheries of larger eapaeity. and. (c^ also that tliere is great need of larger hateheries run at full capiu-ity. Further, 1 have indicated where it is alisolutely i-ertain that eggs from the finest species of whitefish in Canada can be ob- tained ill gnat (|nantities. and that there is an actual need for propagat- ing all fry obfainabli . i have no hesitaiiey in stating that the subordin- ates of the Department refused to obtain eggs from Detroit River fisher- ies at one-third the expense per million which they paid at lake Ontario and, in conse(|Uenee. the hatcheries were often only half filled. In recent .vears a number of incorrect reports have been given to the Department and this statement can be verified by reference to the Blue Book. 1 have also recommended the use of a larger iniiiiber of pound nets and fewer gill nets. In addition to reasons above given, the loss of fish caught in gill nets during stormy weather is very great. To my own knowledge. 19.r)()0 whitefish have been lost in two lifts of about 80 gill nets at George island, lake Winnipeg. These nets could not be lifted because of storm, weather, and thousands of fish decayed in them. According to the last two reports of the Department of Maritie and F ishcries. Parliament voted $6-14.600 for fish iireeding, of wliieli the department expended !}!.'{70,')08 leaving an unexpended balance of $273,- 6;t2. I strongly recommend that all money left unexpended be used solely for the purpose of the propagation of whitefish fry for the Great lakes of Oiitario. since they are the most valuable commercial fish in Canada. WnrjEFISir AKKAS in TIIK (iREAT l.AKKS The ii(M'onii)aii.ving ninps of wliitefish areas in the (ireat lakes are reproduced from an article by Paul Reigliard, of the Tniversity of Michigan, on "A Plan for Promoting the Whitetish Production of the Great Lakes."* In explanation of the maps the author makes the fol- lowing statements: "In the accompanying maps we have attempt "ti to indicate the extent of the whitetish areas f(.r each of the (Sreat Lakes. These are the areas within which the fishermen find the whitetisli when carrying on (iomiuereial fishing operations at other times than during tii- fall and spring migrations. They are the areas over whiirli it is, or has been, profitable to fish and outside of which the whitetish is found in relatively smafl numbers. The maps have been made by tracing the appropriate fathom lines on the I'nited States engineer charts of the (ireat Ijakes. They are sutlticiently explained in the legends attached to them. In the following table we have given the wliitefish areas for each of the Great Lakes together with the e..tent in scpiare miles of the lakes themselves. These whitetish areas have been obtained by measuring with a planiraeter the areas plotn-d on the maps. The lake areas are taken from H. M. Smith. 1894. AbKA ok E.\C11 of TFIE GUE.VT L.VKES. WlIITEFISIl AREA OF EACH, AND Percentage of Whitefish Area Lake Superi r . Lake Michigan . Lake Huron . . Lake ICric Lake Ontari>, . Ti.tal. . . . ri>tal arc I Whit L>fis!i area W hit ■fish .Xre.T |uare mi Ic S|u ire Mites .12.000 7,^00 22.000 2.600 12 2 1 ,000 1.400 !.s ') ,i00 1,100 l.i 6,.i00 2.200 S4 <) ! ,000 ,;oo •' It is to be noted that tlic area occupied by the ♦rue whitefish is rela- tively least in Lake Michigan, where it forms but 12 per cent, of the lake area. Lake Erie comes next with a whitefish area 14 per cent, of its total area, if the eastern part of tlie lake only is iHken. but if the western plat- fr-"^ of Lake Erie be incluiled over depths of 12 to W fathoms, its white • Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIll. i> 64.';. i u COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION fieh area is raified to 4,100 square miles, or 4.} per cent, of that whole area. Whitefish are taken on those parts of the platform of suitable depth, but in relatively small numbers. "An examination of the whitetish areas as platted on the accompany- ing maps tends to strengthen this view of tlie local habit of the whitefish. In Lakes Superior. Ontario and Michigan wc see this area siretcliing in a relatively narrow /one along the whole shore. This zone incloses a cen- tral area of deeper water which separates the whitefish area of one side of the lake from that of the other side and is probably never crossed hy these fish. Within it ocfur the blackfins and longjaws. In Lake Huron we see a similar i^ondition of affairs for the main lake, but in Georgian Bay we find the 'greater part of the area taken up by whitefish grounds. Here the deep wafer is not central in the whitefish area but is displaced toward the southwest so as to leavv the marginal whitefish area very narrow on one side of the lake and very broad on the other side. In the North Channel of Lake Huron a continuous whitefish area occupies its center uninter- rupted by a deeper middle water. In this lake the reef which cuts obliquely across the main lake is said not to harbor whitefish in com- mercial quantities and not io afford them spawning ground. It is, there- fore, not included in the whitefish area, although of suitable depth, and its extent is indicated on the map in outline only." TORONTO OalniUr HAMILTON w 1 1 ^ ■'"'"li^^lVhjd^^ ^-^^fe "=-3^ 1 "■>*— ^^ iE^mtmu'wn of <£<tn«rniaKmi Cmtadic i LAKE ONTARIO Whitefish aroa (shown in black) 10-20 fathoms Scale, 33 miles = 1 inch 1 1 (R«produci<l from "Plans for oromet'ng the Whitatish Production of tlw QrMi UUtM", in Bull. XXVIII. U. S. Burmu of FishwiM i «■ I LAKE ERIE Whlt«<ith tfM ((hown m black) 12-30 fathoms Seal*, SS milM^il inch (INpreduoM from "Pl«m for pramotlna ttw WMMtith ^roduoflen of tiM OrMi LakM", In lull. XXVIII U S. lurMU of FItlMriM J ; -iii?'^,t 3 : IMlluth 9 ;p»*;5^ '^M ^9 FisFi ( riTnn: i\ ( anada During tl,.' |.iist y.iir l.^•.>^,L>^2.(|(t.l iVy w.r.' pliuit.,! i,, ( iniH.lu.u WHft'rs t(y tlif Doiiiiriioii fish liiitc-licrics. Soirif idcii of tlir .xti.Msii.n of this work may !>.• Iinil if \v«. nniiiiilMT fliat tlif ihiimImt of fn plinit.'.! in IfMC) wax U27.r>41. (»(»(>. whil,. ji, |<mH) it a>ri<>iintr<l to only 2ti">.:t41.<NiO Notwithstanding the tiiocnions out|nil of oiir hHt( Ijfiit's in 1"MI!I. \\,- I'annof yet rival the pnidiicfioii of those of tlu^ I'nit.Ml Stat.s which, in that y.jir. planffd .I.IOT.IMI.HK) fry. PRY PRODUCED BY nOMIMON (i<)VERN..ii:NT HATCHFRIFS {(H)0 omitted I "^'''^ "•■' l.(»7(» lf^T4 5,0 '^"' 1.570 i'*"^ »,6r,:) 1*^77 ];{4;,] l^'f^ 27,042 I«7!t 21.fiN4 ISHO 21.01:; 1881 22.!t4!t 18S2 .")r).7<l!t 18S;{ K{.7^4 l«8-» 5:i.l4:{ l'*^"''' SI, 067 18S() 7fi.714 1887 70.27;; 1888 88.10!t 188!) 47,fif,,, lS!tO 1(0 2]o l^^'l '.'...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 115772 1^"2 1H5.!t5I» '^^':i 258,:{14 18!)4 2.')4,ftl0 189.") 294,040 1896 202.459 1897 ^.a-io 1898 192.477 1899 222,:}.50 1 oMMISSION Ol' (()NS|;KV Al ION l!tl»l 1!MI2 l!M);i l!lt)4 1 !»().") VMM 271,!t!»6 2<):{,.">4t) 2i\:m :»14 57« 47:t.2.'.M ()27..')41 Gr.7.!)2.-> Hl:».!t7!i ()S2..')4.'> I'lOii 1.(I24.2V2 Tin- iiiiiiiIm !■ of luiti'licrics in opi-ratioii. of course, sliows h i-orivs- poiidiinf in.iiiis.'. Ill IIMKI. tluTi- ..frf 12. in 1!H».'>, 2M. iiiui lust Vfiir flu- miiiilicr was :!". in other wonis, tlie number of iiatelieries in ten veiii> has increased l>\ neariy 2H) per cent., ami tlie output hy alioiit 27ti per cent, Tlic ;fi.vcri.n]eiit fisli and lolistcr liatcluries are locat.-d tliroufliciut tlie |)i>iililiion as fdllows : I HI Nova Scotia: Medl'ord. Windsor. Martjarec. I!a.\ View. Caiiso I))) New Hruu.s\vicl<: Resti^roiidie. MirHiiiiehi. (irand KallH. Sliippi (ian. Sliemoj^ue. (CI Prince Kdward Island; Kelly poiiil. ChHrlottetown. (ieoiyetown. ((h (jnebei'; MaKojr, lac Treinhlant. Tadoussac. (ias|)e. lake Lester. St. AlfxiH. (o) Ontario: Ottawa. Newcastle. Sandwich. Wiarton. Sariiia. (f) Manitoba: Selkirk. Hereiu river. igi Mritish Coluniltia : (intiiite creek, Skeeiia river. Harrison lake IVnihcrton. Kivcrs inlet. Malune, Stuart lake, Ninipkish. The total e.vpeiiditure in liHMt on tisli culture in Canada vvas iflSO.- :U-'). The amount voted for this purpose was !ti;?22.:il)0: so that appro.xi- luately 'y6 per cent, of t!.e authorized aiiioiiiit was expended. The expenditure for each i)rovince. and the nniiil'er of hatcheries in each, was as follows:* KXl'KNOITrKK NO. (IK IIATCI IKKIKS Nova Scotia ^ l."i.722 ■'> New Mriiiiswick . Prince Kdward Island (Quebec Ontario Manitoba 21.102 •> S.liiO :l 10.202 H 22.614 '> 14.386 :t British Coliiiiibia 66.S47. Oeneral Account . • Cents omttted. 12,240 ms^w*r^-'-^:m FISHKUIKS OK 1»UIN( K KDWAUI) ISLAM) My K. T. Cakmonki.i, Sirnlaii/ of till Fisli Hint (iomi I'mli i linn A inlii liisiintor of I'rinci Lthiiinl Islii iil mill uiimp Althi)ii(fli tlif 111(11 of I'riii.i- Kilwiinl InIiiiicI Ih .(iiiiiuiralivclv nimhII. ♦Ii«' i'i''"i Icrivcd from iInIi ami ifniiit', when I'dhMidiTnl in I'DiiiKM'tinri with tile una. c si'ccds that id' must of the other proN iriciN of the Doniiiiioii. Still, tli.' prcsfiit valiu of the tisli and tiamc to the I'roviiicf is hut a frai'tioiial part of that \.lii h it most asHiindly woidd In- if prop.r corisi i vatio!i rricasiirt's wvv iidopt.'d Tht' Droviiiic of Prim I Kdward JNlaiid Imik an iM-ran lappid shorf of ahoiit tlir«'f hundred and eighty miles, intersected by nuiiieroUN hays, and inarsh-hordered ereeks and tidal rivers, [t is studded with hoth fresh- water and salt water ponds and nunierouH small lakes. These natural advantajfes make it not otdy the ideal habitation for many speeips of food (ish and resident sranie birds, but also the most attraetive restinR place and feedintr (fround for wild >r<'f'se. hrant and other migratory frame birds on their northern and southern flijfhts. rnf(»rtunately for the I'rovince. neither the food fish, tin- gamp fish nor tlie jfame birds are is plentiftil as they were thirty or forty years aj?o, o\vin(f. doubtless, to the suicidal polii-y which lias been followed, of catch- ing and killiiifT all that was i)ossible in any manner and at any time opportunity offered. The food fish and crustacea are liecnmintr scarcer each succeeding year. F.ast year the output showed a decrea.se in value of ,tl81,Of)7.r)6 from the ])revious year. (In the other hand, the eanip fish and game birds durintr the past five years have shown a great increase in numbers in consefpiencc of the incrca.sed measure of proti-c- tion they have received duriniLr those years. This is a .stronjr argument in favour of the con.servation of all fish and Hiw>" Game Fish Salmon '''''*' industry of salmon fishing is but little attended to in this Provi?ice. the catch last year being less than 'i.OCH) pounds. Tliere is a hatchery at Kelly pond maintained at a cost of nearly $2,000 a year, from which hundreds of thousands of salmon fry arc distriliuted among the various rivers. Last season over one million were so placed. Every fall the rivers of the I'rovince are invaded with vast numbers of salmon, which go np the rivers to spawn. These .ire the genuine salmo sahr, which retur-; to the salt water after snawr.in. I'l IMISSli iN < il II iN'SI \i\ \ 11' iN uihI ill) ii"t th.ii ilif iiiii liiitily. an in fhf imki' with tli.' wilinoii on thf I'Hfitlr .•imst. I 'iilnrtiiiiiit.lv. Imt v.ry iVw wilnioii ar.> t.iiiptfil to fiitiT till- ihliinil wiitiis iluriiijr tl |"ii hihmom when tlu-ir fliuli Ih kimh! for ( I; for tliiTf iiti' no HuriiiK-wati-r rivcm on the Uhiml ulii.h thf> cHii poHMihly r.iiili to .l.iin thiMiiHflviH. iin in N'l'W HniiiHwi.k iiml Novii Scotiii. Thr only Hiiliiioii tiiki'ii. tlnTi'forr. lire thow <ii|itiiriMl in lu-tx (,.1'th*' .•xpoM.'.i hfiKlliiMilN, with tl xi'i'pliori of the frw spviit tixli wlii.h Hri- takfit ill tin- Nprintr of tin- ytur in thi- Morell rivi-r whii.' on tlifir wny to thf Hitit WHi.T ThiHf IInIi ivmiily tiik.' rith.-r thr tly or Iwil. hut iir.' unfit for fooil (Iwiiiir to thf iintunil <■ litioiiN. nothing ••tin h.- .h>rii' to rt-ndiT thlK induNtry of iiny jtrntt viiluiv It is vrry .lonl>tful if ••vm the plHi'inu of ti(*h\vnys in tin- ilaniN wouiil l.f of inurh valui' ho far as tin- MiltMon tiMluTv is foniMTnttl. During thr Hinnimr niontliN tlir tiilai rivi is ol' tlir riovincf ^'■°"' ar.' iiihaliiti-.; hy tff'at iiumhcrs of tin- hraiitiful Oni-nlaiid tnnit (Canada salt-watrr trout i. Th.-si' tish otT.-r .'V.-ry possiM.' indii.'i' nicnt to tiic aii({lfi-. as thi-y ar.' nii roiis and jraiiicy. whih- thrir flish. whiili is a hrijrht nddish pink, is a f.'mit .l.-li.-a.y Thi-y vary in wtiKlit from half a pound to thri'f |)ounds t-arh. DuriiiR th.- last tivf years tiiey have hc.-ii fairly well prote.'te.l. and. in eons«M|Uenee, they iiave vastly inereased in nuiuhers in spite of the larKf eatehes that liav.' heen iimde. The niill-poiiilH of the Island and th.' str.'ains aliove the dams on the rivers are tille ' with the ofTspriiiK of the (ir land troni whi.'h were iniprisoneil when (he dams were er.-eted. These tish, hein^ preveiil.-d by the dams from makinjr their annual pilKrini'ires to the sea. have de teriorated so mu.-h as to have ht me of little or i... value, eitiier as a game tish or as an artiele of food. Not only have their gainey eharacter isties heen lost, hut their liodies have Iteeome soft and slimy. Their flesh. having lost its firmness and hri^ht pink eolour, hait In'eome flahhy and of a dirty white hue. with no trace of the origina'. delieate taste. An eftieient fi.shway ere.'ted in every dam would permit thes.- tish to make their needed trips to the .sea and in one season they would iv.'iiperat.' and thus HKaiu hecome of value. The streams ahove the dams rei|uire to lie stoeked with the fry of brook trout, or other fresh-water tish, and. if the hat.'hery at Kelly pond were to be devot.'d to the hatehiiiK an.l distributing of .sueh tish. it would he doiiif? a miieh more valuable work than it does now in liat.li ing salmon from wliieh the Island receives little or no b.'iiefit. The dates at which the sea trout make their appearance in th.' iii,.lcr nientione.l harbours, or begin to ascend the rivei-s nam.-d below nr.' approximately as follows : Chnrlottetown harbour May 2-ttn. Rustieo harbour >1«.^ '•''^''- FISHKIIFS Of I'lUVl I IDU AKI) ISI.Wf) ,; New l,<)iii|i(ii |inr(M>iir .May |„j •SouriM h„rh,,„r ; .' ; 'fimt spring ti.l.N i,, Mhv • '"■'^"" """ .Mhv r.th f " '■""'•■ '""••...•..■ Kirxt spri„i, ti.l... H, .M,.v 'J"""* •■'^'••- Fun.. iHf Kiisf iiH.I \V,.Nt riv.-i-M .fiihr L'fith, K.irtiM,.. riv..,- „M,I I{m||„ I,„v Kin-t .N,,ri„i, ti,|..> ,„ .\:„v "'"''■'• 'I*''- Iiilv iL'tll •'^'"•■'1' ""■<■ (.1-,. L'llth WI,.,,t|.N riv.r |„.„. |,-„|, """' '■"■■'■<■ .Jiirr- Isf ^""'•'»"'iV'''' .1,,,,.. ].st l'i.'nv.fiMi|ii..» r...r ,(„,„• iDtl, Johiis...! nv.T ,\„^, I^, Food Rish Cod •■'"'■ ^'""" '■"•'"' "'I HHliintr is iiof n,,u }„;„u hh viu'or """'> l"-"«''""t..| as it w,,N „ f.w yrnvH at;,., a triflr Ivsk than 2.IM.0n(l ||,«. havitu' l.....n fakrii last snis..... Mapi-ily fhr .l..i:tisl,. tlms.- HriwgvH whirh hav chiimmI m. inaiiv tishrnruii !., rHiiv fn.i.i tli.. iiMliisfr.v 111 .listMst. an. ..itii.r rii.,vii,k' away to otli.T .|iiiirt.Ts „r, for s..tri.- ofh.-r ivasoii. ,|,..-tvasin!,' in miiMl»Ts. Tliis .l.-T.-asr is .•|„i,r..,| l.v « to 1„. .!u.. to th- vast irMT.'».s,- in mimlMTs of tlip (ish..ati.,jf hjnls «lii..|i ,„vv on tl,.. yountr .loifHsh. Tli.s,. l.ir.ls hav I n prot.M.tr.l aroiunl the .■oasts tor s..v..ral y.-ars It is to 1,.. h. that, witi, tlu- <lisapp,.«ra "I til.. .I..i;fisli i-lasiu... many fonn.T | tUUrruu- ay l„. ..n.^ourajr.-.l t.) Htrain m^n'jv m tin. inilustry. Hpddock Ha.l.lo. k lishintr. likr .o.l lisliin-.'. has not h...-n pros.-.-ilti'd witli as inn.'li vij;onf as fortnftly, tisli.rni.ii having h.-conu' .iis.-onratr..| l,y tli.. .loKlisli, Th.. hH.|,lo..k ,-at,-ii hist v.-ar amoi.nf.Ml t.. l.'M.T.iG 1I.S. of .Iri.Ml tish an.l 4:UM0 Ihs. of fn.sh. Th.. .lisapp..anin,... ot th.. .loirHsh will a._'ain iihlnc.- nn-n to . •ijrai;.. in this in. lust ry. Hake ""'^•' 'i'^liiii'^' .•ontinii..s t.. h..hl its own. The .•af.-li last s..aso.i was noarly up to th.- aviTatr.' ..f 1.2(>0.(MM) It.s a jvar. Tin- sliplit de-T.-as,. in the catcli from that of th.. pivvio.is var was ow.njr to th.. ..x..f.Miin>riy stormy s.-ason nn.l fh.. .•.., s.>.p.cnt .la. r of staying out ..n th.- H.shini? (?r..un<Is .hiring th.. night time in th.- v.'^rv Binall ..raft whi.-h the Hsherincn use. HerrinK ''''"' '"■'"'•iMK Hsli..ry industry appears to h,. .,n the in..r.'asp. Tli..r.' was. howt.vcr, a shortaL'c last v.-ar i>, Kio"« ...... .>ty l.ut It was nior.. than nui.l,. up by th." i,„.r,.a.s...i ..at.li in Que..ns and !S ( ! iMMISSU )N < »l- r< ).\SI-.K\Ai'l' >': MacUsrei p .„,,.. ,.|i,.M Tlif tdtiil <-a1cli lust si'Jisiiii was 12,(M)() l)l)ls. salted hcrr- j„g_ , -II., Mill ll>s. wliii-h wciv ilisposcl (iT I'lvsli or siiiok.'tl, aiid iiiaii.v tliousiiiids of hiirrrls wiiirli wiM't" uscil Un- I'liit. Til.' i-iitch 111' iiiai-k.'ivl last vear aiuniiiitcil to 1.:;:!.'^ lil)ls. sal;r,l. wliirh ivali/.Ml *1.-. i»T M,l.. and 40.4(10 ll.s- fivsli. whii-li ^u■n^ disiMs...! ..f at V2 cmts per pound. Kvp.Tier,.-.. l,.i.d> to show that o!. whafver .-oast lohsler iishiii- is vi<.'oi-ousl,v earrird on. niai-kci-.-l l)(MM)ii:f i'oi-i-,spoiidiii'il.\ scai'i-f. Till- sM.-lt li:.l,iui: iiidiistr.v i,i this I'rovii.r.- is in a tliriviii!.' ^'"''''*' ,-,,..,iiii-,: ^melt nets to tie' ninidier of 1.14.'.. valued at $10.11.-.. weiv 1., use last seas.,-n. a,:d the ,-ateh aiiHMinted to S.-.7..-..-.0 Ihs.. wlli, ll r,ali/ed ^t^.'.l.r.:;. These iish Welv. for tile most part, shipped 111 a fn./en state to eitiier P.ostou ov New York. l'rotital,le as this ilidustr.v is „t the pr.sent ti:,!e. it is un.-easonahle to rNpe<.t it to ,.on1inue so lor an.v (rn.iit iiin.ilM'r of wais unless some .iirasuivs ate adol.te.l to ensure the returning' to 1l„. wat.r. while tlie.v are .vet alive, of all the uii.lersi/.ed tish taken in the ha- nets. When a l.ijl haul is made, it frequeiitl.v happens that all the small fish are dead hefore the euUin^ of the take is eom plete,l, and the u.isaleahle fish are shovelled haek into the water. The ahwives. or gaspereaii.\ lisliery. is l.y ik. means as vijrorouslv proseeuted as it miglit L". fl>" -■"f'l' last >>av amountiug to onlv 500 l.hls.. whieh sold at the rate of *4 per harrel. T h. Xd w'ers of this IVov.uee aetually teem with these fish at eertam seasons of the year. Alewives Lobsters Crustacea l.,iM,.e Kdward island is parlirularl.x adapted to tie in.lustrv of lohster fishing. Lobsters rai. he found ever.v where ahu.^ the .oasts of the Island, and tl oast line is in.hmted w,t„ ;„„„„„.,,,,,.. small hays and ereeks whieh form good harbours tor tl ■■ ,„..„. ,.„..M.'ed in this industry. The industry is of sueli great importaie • th.atit should not he allowe.l to .lie .,ut f.u- th.. want ..f I.rop.u- e,.,.s,.rv,. .|.,„.,„ ,„,, i„ ,l„, |.r,.viii.... at the present time, 1.-- .■aniM^ries. vain- at *14.-..-l,s in whi.-h •-'.4--"l men aiv ,.mi.h.v..d. To sup|.ly thes.. .•ar,n..v- •no .-,.).-. traps. valu,..l at .+240.474. w, .v .s.-t ,.ut last s.-as.,,,. 1 h.^ pa.^k I- 'the's,.ason am.mnt.Ml to 2,2.-,.-..sil^ |hs.. and. in ad.iith.n. 1..S..0 .■.,! w. ,lisp..sed of fresh in fii.^ shell. The lohst..rs paok.^.l. h..w..ver. w...v the most part, very small in size. The i.ra.ti.e ot eannn.g su , ^. stnall lobsters, if permitte.l to eonti.ute, nu.st ot ,te<-es.s,ty prove ta to the lobster paoking indnstry. Tf this i.ult.stry ,s to be perpet.tat, 'l>m-RII.S ..,• viUSCl M.UXKI. (Sl.XXU 1' all the traps us.',! i,iiist W riisiiidii,.,) «. ., t from l...i„., ,,,„.,i„ ■,.,, ■"""""•' ^" •'- tH ,„vv,.nt tl,.. snu.ll U,\,.U;-s 'l-'vi.. Ti„. i„.,.s,.:„-. -.,..,.„.,;■ '■■'"'"'-''■'•-"-.MO, U. ,.,„ , <-.s. <s , I,,, i„...„n.i ,.'-:"" '"'"'"'■^ "■'■"''"'""" ■'•-- ti.M^'J:::;::::;;::;:;::'-^;v;'''''r^ ;;"•-'->■ ■•''■-•.■"lMJ,s,,::':::^ :;;:1;;^J;:7;';:-■ Oystv 'lia! tli,. (|iialily ,,!' ,1,,. | 'I'i'i'-'' K(luiir,| Islaii.l ..yst,-,- js ......,:r;r,,,;;,;;:;:;:;:;';:,,;;;:";™,j*'-'', "-' " ;;:::.:;;:;r': = ; ::H,:"";:m"i:r;:s '.>->HI 11 lis 1|,|\,- hern CdllS aiith tisll..,l r..,r..,. ll .• latioi.>< •,.„! ... , , 'iMi.,1, ^•c.'ai-(||,.ss ,,t seasons or n-sru- '■'■n...;:.;*:: ■h:';::;;!:v;:; :;,'s;; ::;;:v:;^ "'-; ■■:•••■ '"• 'i v,.r.v ,,roli,al,l.. ,.M,..n,li,n,v is l„.v,„:,l ,.avi| .^ ,|„. , I, ■<l'T.-nl,un. ,,„ ,.ra, •finally til,, wliol,. .-oast of .■■{7; 4.7, ■atfll <.rtli.. |(iv\i,,us yv.w. Tin ■■If-.T liliiiili.T oT ,ii.'n u-,.|v ,.]: "■iiiU' I'ai'slioi-t of that of rli,- ,,. '"V"'' '"""-'^ -""■ ' -.not i: i;;. ':;!::;;*";:;:,.;;'■':, !"Ml,au.Mishin^ in tl.islVovi,:,.,. Willi,,, „,„„,„, ""'■"" "'"" "' 'li.' Islan.l. Quahaugs l-^' -■'■^<"i 12,;{7,s haf,s of ,|ual,a„os uv,v taU,.,. an,| thcv ".•.-. s„|,| lor m7o.i. This was a slight in.-ivas.. ov.t tlu. -■^- -Hunl... ,,f ,n..n w,.n. ,.,.C;7r r ;'T ''' '^' '''■'''"''' '''''^ -... n. s,,oH of , hat .,f ;,:,., ;::"'';;,.'':'''r 7- ''^': :•''''•''• ■ \f In.- r;i[-.i.l iat,- of ,i..|,i,.. II 21) COMMISSION Ol'" CONSKKVATION Altliough rlains aro very plentiful and of a k'mxI size, as ^•""^ vvull as of a sph-ndid (inaiity. but little nttentioi. is paid to then, the total output last year Lein- only 410 l.Ms.. wldrl, sold for S per liarrel. and :{()0 vases of eanned ela.us. whi.-l, l.rou-ht ^4 per .'ase. The s\ipi)ly iii.iiears to he almost iiiexhaiistihle. Kverv iohster packer and all p.'rsoiis en^'ajred in fishing! License ,.,„. ,.„.;i,au>.'s. ovsters or sm.'lts. as well as all non-residents ^"' an^'lin.' for trout, are re.p.ired to take out licenses hetore they eon.u.e.,ee Hs^.in,'. For these the followin,' fees are re,u.re,l : ' Lobster packers: *5 for first hundred cases ,.acked and *2 tor each succeeding hnndretl cases, t^uahauf: tishernieii : !l<l each. Ovster tislwrnieii :.■)(! cents each man. Smelt fishennen nsinv ^'ill-nets: One cent for every lathmn ot net useil. Smelt fishermen usiiif; ha'-'-nets: >)<2 per net. , • , d,o Non-residents ansrii..!-' for tn.ut: Koreisrners ^i^:.. British suh.iects $2. ne :!<nii mikI Sept. 1st to Open Seasons (^nahaii'-'s: From .Ma.\ Isl to -1 Sept. :i<»tii. Oysters: From October Isl u.i'il tlie ic^e forms over the rivers. Smelts: \vith trill-nets, from Od. ir)th to Feb. irnh. Smelts: With lmf;-nets. fro,, he 1st to Feb. If.th. Lobsters: Queens and Kin.s counties, April 26th to July KHli. Part of Prince County, from May 2r,th to August 10th. Trout: From April 1st to September :iOth. See sec. 2b ..t the Act. The warden svstem. as at tlm pr.'seiit time sustained by Warden the Dominion (iovernment for the ..ouservation of the fisher- System i,., „f t,„. I.,,,viiice. .'osts that (iovernment about *H».000 a ,,^v The stHft- of fishery otflcers ....nsists of an ,ns,,ector. four overseers J, d about seventy wardens. This system, in so far as the hsher.es o Prinl-e Hdward Island are concerne.l. has outlived its uset illness and should be replaced liy one that is more efficient. The amount of money beinsr now annually expended ni support,,,, the warden svste.n, if judiciously use.l. would be suffi.-.eiit to elTectuall.v nut a stop to all Hshinu' at illeeal seasons ami by unlawtul means. A elerk in tlie tlsherv ot^icc to keep the statistics aii.l receive nitormation, tocrether with a force of six detectives under the supervisio,. ot a strenu- ous otHcer. similar to the Mounted Police ..f the North W est could eas, v W supported by the su,„ now expended: and their enforts. it .nd.-...^^ v airec el would not only do the work that the wardens have tailed to Z, but would cause Prince Edward Island to beeoine the ideal summer resort for foreign anglers. 1 iSllKKlES OF MAMTOBA l)ii Miircli 1(J. lllOit, ji Cimmiissioii was iippdintcd liy tlic Doiniiiioii (iovcriiiiifiit to invi'stiiTiiti' the Mslicrics of Maiiitoliii. Coiiiplaints liad lici'ii iriadc llifit the cxistinf.' r-ru'iilatiotis applyiiij; to the Wcsti-rn Pro- vinces, un-i- out ol' (late and imsuitcd to present eonditioiis. These re<.'uliitioiis. ill laet, applied to all of .Manitolia, Saskatehewa... AUierta and tile Xortli West Tirritories. and one of the important tasks of the Coiiiiiiission was to reeoiiiiiieiid that a separate set of reiiujations should he put i:i foi-ee. apply iiif,' only to Maiiitoha ami Keewaiin waters. The ( 'oliiinissioii. as tinally eoiisl it iiled. consisted of I'm', K. K. I'riuee, ehairinan. •). I>. IIiil's;, and I), F. Keid. The principal rei-ominen- dations made arc' lieic ijUotiMl without aii> opuiion lieinj; ventured as to their justness nv accuracy. In llieir report the Commissioners state that: "he one marked ahuse in connection with the ie<'idatioii.s IK ...1.: .1. 1 System _icenbnig ^viih'li have for over twenty years heeii in force, has heeii that. while a distinction was drawn lietween conunereial licenses and domestic licenses, there actually existed no sui'h distinction in pi-actice. Domestic licenses have heeii constantly used for com- mercial piiri)oses. ami it has heen a matter of coinmoii criticism that the idea of the domestic license has never heen carried out at all. In our present rei-ome- ■ 'ations we meet this ditlHeidty hy aholishinir the comiiiercial i estic license and hy providing for tishiny licenses only. apa. he .settlei-'s permit for tishin;; for his own use. "If hasajipeared to ns nece.ssar.\ to provide for only one type ol' fishiiiH: license, namely, the license to he used hy the frentiiiie fisher man. one liee,ise for summer lishint; and another license for winter lishini; and. instead of the domestic license to he used for food pur- poses, it has appeared to us that tlie issue of a .settler's permit would amply sut'fice. I'nder this permit any settler or Indian I'an tish at any time for his own domestic needs. "Inasmueh as tiitxs are Mh.solutely iiecessars on the lakes, we have provided for a spec' ' >u<x license, which will enalih' these ves- sels to do limited tishii,, .,ilierwise then' was the possihility that steam tiiys wouhl not he operated in towinjjr hoats id' the tishermen. an iiiiportant accommodation, uidess stich tu^s had some tisliiii'.' pri\i!eire accorded them. As a matter of fai't, tliis commission lias al'olisiied the ( ommeri'ial Company's license alto^rether. the olijeet hi ie.r t" remove all control l)y eouimereial companies or eomtiines. and In place the fisheries, as far as pnssihle. in the hands f>f the hi, nil pil( fishermen." Iferetot'ore the tnetliod of issuing; licenses has lieen e.M-eedinsrly cum- ■'■' ' 'I'id h.'is led to '^reat la\it\ in the ent'orcemeiit of the fislierv I ' iNiMISSH »N ( I i\'>i''K\ .\; '< )N „.g„latic>n.s. «o„.-,.rnin« this .nntl-r. th. Cmnnissi, rs vrp„vU>\ ms follows: , „*,. >i •• Ai-MH froM. the ,,,...stion of insuffi nt supervision hihI .-ont.ol of fisheA- op.-n.tio-.s. th.T.. .s -point "^ ,--■;•'■••;', ';;";;);:';;;r n.s-.,M-tins; the niatt.T of issnm- lie.M.s.-s which vn. think h.i-. ha-l . g o'.l .halt., .lo with the laxity ..n th.- pnrt ..t tlu- ^^^^'"''-'l^^ Lhinp Hnns in the .,l.s..rvan.v .,f ' '" .•■'•^'"'"»'?'"^„, , ' , , issuinir lie..ns..s r..,ui.vs to 1... cfr...tlv naprov.-.l. ,)^ ^'^ ,;;,;,,, ^ the rule for all li.-enses to he nia.le out an.l tssue.l h> tne .l.'i.aitni. nt n Ot twa The n,..th...l is as f..ll..ws: Appiieatwois are sent ,n Ue Mu.nn..n t.. th.- i„sp..etor of Fish.-n.-s u, * ''jl --";;: J, ^."^ enters them on orti-ial f..nns and torwar. s 'l''■'^'"<'^''"" ".''." remarks an.l re,..>Mnn..n,lati..ns an.l witl, th.- iVHU.s.t.. te.- hn . ft. . - Hv su,...rvision ..f th.. Hsliin- op.'rations. tlu- lu-nse sli..uh lu .s- s u.l 1 .' .t ■ V. so that it may he in the han.ls .,1 the tish..rinan Tfor. . .. u^ins'to tlsh. Hut this we hn.l is nev.r .hm.- an.l. un.h-r ?h. present .;nnl.ers..m,. ami nn.n.lah.mt syst..n tn.- hsh..r.m;,.. as a vMile goes to the tishiuK proun.ls. .-arrh-s .... his fishui- op.-rat„.ns L.r sS^ra mlnt^'l!. ami. on his r.-turn from the tislnng ^tvmn.ls ma> then n.,ssil.lv reeeiv.- his li.vnse, th..u?h we hav.- t.mn.l that ... I ...^ 8 p -rh 1 as tiv.. ..r six months nu,y elapse aft.M- the fislnng is a 1 ov r. before his li.'en.se n-a.-h.-s him. Thus, his li.-ense whieh .s his an thSv tW .. m.'H.'ins: to fish an.l for .■arryiuK on fishery . . pera- tio, is ev' is possessi.-n n.it.l h.u, after the fish.ns; is ..om- ph' ed Th s '. sslv lax m..th...l has a t.m.h.m-y t.. render tlu' l'-"^' • t!ul emulit s atta.-h..d to it. unim,..rt«nt^ ^'.^''^^r;: - W^ 1 h s enuan. II." po-'S to tin- fish.n--t-'roun,l before h. lias i' * V," T ^L. an.l -mt kn..win. wh...h.T he will n-e.-v.- ^' l--- 1,^ ,,, ^; has no means ..f b.vomins ae.|uaint.".l with the hsh.-iv i. rriii.ui iis Xi.'h aiv p int..l ..n the ba.-k of the lieense. an.l th.-iv is no ... 1 th . 1 h rJ nnmb..r of the fishermen never s,..- the .■omlitions ..f the emt u^il ZV«ft.'r tin- fishing is starte.l. The pivse,^ ^s^.m, «lls f..r ra.lieal .-hanpe. but. in a.l.lition to the serious laMt> aiis- calls tor a ra.iuai . m.im^, . ,• ., p,. is an a bs.) ute ne.-essity z S;::'r.- r.^;2;z:; ^.' o th:'m:;iS:'>:;ion of ti... 0,...,., fish..ry S^ff in ll,:;;".;:;;. if any effeetive improveinei. in th.- ..hservan.-e and eiifoivment of the law is to be a. eomplish.-d. V'o,. imu.v vears. there have been constant .-omplaints that Supply of Manitoba waters were beinp over-fished, an.l that theiv ^^as ''^'''**''' real danger that the whitefish industry, esne-iallv. was b,.,n!i seriously affe-ted. rmieerni„..r th.-se reports the Fisneri.. (•om.,n,.ss,on,.rs ,pea. as ^^^^^'^^^^.^^^^ ,, ,.,.,,.^,.,„ ,, .. -;;V:rw ^h^^!!;: ^M 1 1 1 • 4 i i' ! f i i I 1 I 1 1 ♦ i ^^^^H^'» I i ^^L' r H 1 r Bj \ ^^■^ i* ^H| f H '- ^■j t : ^^ ^ [ ■ I FISH PROir iTION ' 1 itures f 1892 1S93 1S94 1895 IS'.Mi 1897 189S 1899 III )0 -_ WhKefisli. . 4,:{r>t,oi:5 4,5:50,-.'.5.5 t)00,371 3,416,69s 4,270,319 4,, 573, 660 1,41S,870 3,363,803 3,301,141 10,000 1,357,422 i,, 523,. 520 .Vs: 10,000 1,195,758 J.L>7 3,4l»i Trout . • Pickiivl I'ik.' ... .Stiirp'Oti 59; , .593 1,261,050 931,190 1,343,048 5.1(> ■laii.sa') 57j,0<)(! 749,5.sn 689,395 934.995 639,973 593,278 2,021,2.5.8 m.30 9;!,t)90 IC.I.S'X) 37,2(K) ,53,600 76,270 18.431 :',78,.",21 104,240 175,74:; 50.800 309,504 225,619 447,510 8,520 75,790 303,620 444,787 ;k 15,745 1 71.013 1 239,94j> .'I 1,.5U 7,50 Caviuiv. Percli Tiillilioc . 29,4.50 278,800 56,737 359,410 1,21 Cat!.>li . Coarse V\4i ! ,.10(i.-20() 10,150 1,118,150 ,59,7.3N 1, OSS, no 79,721 85.S,700 178.0(K) 1,071.800 92,664 827,200 164,363 1,965,1311 124,653 11 1,884,100 ■:5.8S1 4,4* !.4« 7.2 Gold-eyjs. 16,000 Basp Consumed at home . and not enumerated 1,303,515 2,020..S4.") 10 •260,1 1.^.') 1,928.230 1 , S94 , Sof 817,100 9.52.1 0'> 9,23s;,S74 .572 .500 1 10.129,163 II!,; |-<,8 Total. 7, 131. ,591 .S.2.SC.301 9,170,048 11,224.293 7,72.M)14 14. .S n Where blanks occur no figure.s were given in the Fisheries Reparts. I '^ ^ t:;'!^:^^,^'^:^^ ^^r^ of the same Report where the production for the year is again given, different f '««l»i^''Hr >;«»r*W-?S« OD'JCTION OF MANITOBA, 1892-1909 ' 1 1 ii-nres Rivi'ti in pounds) v.m .•J75.U«t 111,300 !»sl,5U<l i:.5o() l>;,(K)() I lil.Wi ■: \.m) T.JOO 111, HtUl ■■.,sr2,40() 7,207,600 4, 533, 700 3,050,300 R00,000 20,000 28,500 802, 0(X) 5.50.000 5,022,000 2(M),0(KI |S,SOO 73>»,0fl<t I4..sn0 22.7.'-_>,TO') 7,'Hl,.">iiO .■)>?i iiiiO :■• l^l.MiO r,i)l).(KIO .!0.(XiO tll.lHH) ^11. .'00 iiiK).()liO 7 .ll'iD.IHHI .!iii.l,l)i){) l.!ni>'j0 ■J7 1.'2.-.'i'0 I'.'IM 0,100,000 0,9C0,(X)0 3.S-I0,(K)0 OOO.OOO 25,0(K) I .000,000 1,, 562, 000 .500,000 T,100,(H!0 10f),n;)n 1 ,1SO,0(M) :i2.20~,(K)i) 1!HM 9,400,000 7, 2.50. (MX) 1,2S5,(HX) 000,000 .35,000 140,000 2,068,000 .5.50,000 0.765,000 :;n,non 1,510.000 32.1114.000 l!tl).5/< S,(V)5,0(HI <i.<HMI. 1)1)11 3,7'.»0,0(/ii 000,00(1 30,(HKi 14t,(X)(l 2. 074, OIK I .5(M),(HX1 0.250,(M)(i 311 .01)11 1 ,.570, (XII I 30.180,111)11 1900 0,136.000 46,0(K) 0,161,(XK) 2,S25,0<X) 325,000 37,000 89,000 1,706,000 200,000 4.840,000 .557, 0(H) 1.725,000 >4.647.0(X) I907r 3,095,000 1(X),00() 3. 095, (XX) 2,321,0<X) 177.000 17, 5(H) S2,0(X) 1,. 380, 000 175.0(X) 2.0(X),000 506, 0(X) 1,665,000 16,713,5(M) 190,8 3,219,000 15.2(K) 2,9.36,000 2.207,(K)0 87 , 500 12,800 4->,«X) 477, (XX) 201,7(X) 791, (XH) 0.35. (KH) 8.87,000 11 .513,800 1909 4,662,100 4,600 5,750,4(K) 3.067,100 94,300 3,600 64 , 800 .834,200 87, 2(H) 1,317,600 9.59,200 3,614,2(X) 20.459,200 Whitcrish Trout Pickerel Pike Sturgeon (-'aviare Perch TuUibec Catfish Coarse l'"i«ti (jold-cyes Baas Consumed at Home Not enumerated Total , difTerent figures are stated for f oirse 1 ish and Gold-eyes, from those ticre .nioted. i«ri»«K=«s&> - m M mmm 1 iSillvlJl I S ( 'I M \Ni II il'. \ -' liiis ,11:11 vtlloiisly l;.|il ii|i. iiiiil lliat. iidt witlist.miliii^r ii pn'V )il<-..' t'rcli:i)i 111' unciisiii.'ss in n-jTiinl to tlir |)ii'Sfiit (1111(11111111 of Ilii-M' watirs. "itii 'ill' ri'Ntiii'tivi- I'l'^iibitiini.-. wlii.ji »<■ imu n'loiiiiiu'iiil tliiTr is. ill our (ipiiiioii. no I'ciir ol' the rxluiiistioii oi' tli.'s.' lisini'iiv ill tlic limnciliHt)' t'litiiri'.* A\M\I. r\Tllll> UN I.VKK WINMI'lii AM' >I liilKsliilt LIMIT \TtON '•\V.' haw laktii spiMial pains to asri-rtain with as inin-li ay fiirafv as possiliic thr total anmial siiiiuiiiT cati-in's of whifftisii in rcfciit yiar«^ Tlir ililTnMilly of collalinf: from thi- ofti.'ial pnlilishcil reports aiM'iiratf totals of \\w ratflifs in ilitViTfiit Vfurs has lifeii (iri-at. I Willi.' t • til"' iai-i< of uniformity in thf statistics, and tii(> in- clusion of wiiil«r<ain.'ht ami falli-aut.'lil tisli. 'i'ln'si', an<l olhtT coiifusinu iiuthoils, howcM'r. wc liavr clMwhcrc ri'fcrrt'd to. The followill}; tiirures we helieve to lie as aecliratf lis it is possilile for Sllill tishery returns to Iw. .>! .MMKiMMiiin wiiiii:ki-~ii- i.\kk winmii;!; In the roiiiiil 1<I(I4 r).'2U.ln4 Ills. 100:, :{.7S().1?<S " 1!)06 .[ :{,:.6r).!lOs •• 1907 1.272.00(1 •• IMOM 2.:!:i.'),noo " 1<»0!) 2,162.2!)>< •■ 1010 2.4tin.s4.'i ■■ "The total eateli specified in tlio rejruiatioiis for 1!I10 nipiircil that not more than 2.400.000 His. of whiteti.sli should lie taken; liiit the last lifts of tisli. .just liefore the season lei^ally closed were far heavier than the most experienced men could have foreseen. As a matter of fact, during the last few days of the season, a reduced aiMomit of net was placed in the water in order to a\oid aii.\ excess in the catch over the specified lejial ipiaiitity. hut tin- total catch was as stated id'ovc. There was also an iliidoillited misii!iderstaiidinL' iii regard li <■ total catch as defined in siili-.section 4 of section 12 of the leiiulalions. dated .\pril IS. HMO. which was rcjarded as apply- ing to wliitclisJ! ill t!ie round.' whereas on the lake it was (reiierally iinderstooil hy the Hsheriucn and the ti.sli hiiyers that the total *iuaiitity spe ■ilied was to apply to 'dressed" fisli. In the recoiiniieiida- fioiis we make in the iireseiit report, the limit we specify is for ■dressed" whiteilsii. It is sjenerally held li\- practical men in the fish husiiiess that the difT'ereiice lietweeii the ■dressed" fish and fish in the 'round' is ahout one-eitrhth of the total weiirht. "Coiisiih'fahle dissatisfaction arose from tlic fii-t that in the order in council the expression 'In tlie round' was used, which, of course, consiihTahly reduced the total amount of fisii. and the pro- • In 1904. in the npriod of iirirestrirted fishing, the catch of sii-nmer-caught white-fish in the round in lake WinnipeK, was ."..•>i44.r.l4 Itis. as jriven above; while in 1909. the last year of the unrestricted fishing perioii. it was 2,!62.29S lbs. I DM MISSION' 'II I ()NSl.l;\ \ IM iN porfioiiN wliii li, l).v iirniiii.'1'infiif. rm) paiiy whs pifpiirfil hiiiMll"' l'"r<iiii tlif inl'ciriiialioii wiiifli Iiiih Im'cii plinfil In run- thfi-f i> .slt•^«ll^' i-ciiHdii ti. liili.'Vi- tluit tlif limit of '2.4i)t),(l(MI pom wiw not originally inti'iulid tn n^lVr ti. 'r-iiiiul' fish, liiit tn •(iresN tisli, mill our ncoiniin'iKliitioii woiiM. f li<-ri-l'orf, \»\ that a riiaxii' limit of the siiiiiiiK r ■atcii \<f piuvidrd. Init tliat ij lie pla.-f.i 2.r)()(l.(MHI piiiiiids of whiti'tish in a dri'ssrd rondition." ■riicrc lias lii'fn niui'li dilVi'i'itin- ol' opinion a.s to llic Summer visaltilitv of pfri.iittint.' tli<' rontinua-u'c of sinnmiT tisliinj risnlnc' • ' , , .1. Manitolia lakrs. It lias l.rcn assert. '.I that twt-iity-tivi' «'cnt. of till' snmiiii'r caiiKliI lisli were lost owiii^ to storniN pn-vcritiii',' ovorliaiilinjr of the mis n^iiilarly, and thi' lisli In-iiur li'I't in tlir nics died and pollntnl ih.' ImIms The ( 'onunissiomrs treat tiiis (piestioi somo li'n){tli. Tlit-y sa> ; "To the main |(oition of the iniri'im report, iinanimoiisl.v aiii ti) li\ tl miiiissioii as a whole, thire were added two ma.jo reports, each liearintr the siunatiires of two iiienilieis of the eom sion-one report distii".:uished as adihndnm A 'pane 11 of tin torim report' which nru'ed that lake Winnipei: had reached sm serious cojnlition in tl pinion of the ma.jorily that the total clo: of th.' lake to all summer tishinir was justitiaMe, commencinir \ the ensent year 1!U1. suc'h •Insure to continue until ividence forth ins that Ihe tishiry rcsouri'is of tlu' waters mnneil n.o- . .'.I in a measure their former phntilude. This 1- •ommei tion for -■losin'i lake VVinnipeir was adopted hy the ilepariment. would have come into force durinir the present year. 1!M1. in ordinary course of events. I'.y order in council, .late., April IM. 1 sei'. rj.' suh-scc. !t. it is provided that after the year 1"lil._ ( mciciai summer tisli in?.' shall he prohihited in lake WinnipcL'.' ■'The second ma.jority report, distinirnislied as addendni I pa«'e 12 of the int. •rim r.'port . susrsrests that th.'re slmuhl he a I imp.is.>.l ..n th,- annual .•at.^h .)f whit.'Hsh taken durintr the sun ^•as..n. dune 1 to Am^'ust 1."). an. I this r.^conun.^ndation of two 01 tiir f the .•mnniissioners was ad.>ptc.l liy the d.'partment nn^ncirT with th.' simmer lishintr ..p.'rations ••( HMO. By or.l. .oun.-il ahove nam. .1. se.^. 12. suh-s.-.^. !t. it was provnl.^.l tli ■iMiriti" th.' summer .•nunn.r.^ial seas.. 11 .if HMO, not more than ledlion four hun.lr..! th.iusami (2.400.000 pounds in the roui whitetish shall h.' taken. As soon as su.^h .pmntity is cauirht Inspect. .r of Kishi^rics shall I'r.h-r all nets t.) he tak.'ii ..ut ol water.' „. ■ £.11 •Willi r.>s|..^ct totheclosinirof lake \\iniupcfr. we teel lioni on.'c to .-all attention to the important fa.'t. that evideli.e ol .leclin.' of the lisli. 'rv resources of lake Winnip.'Sl to the serious e; .'eneralh alleired has not lieeii amply borne out by our suhsei hivcsti^'.-tti-iiH hvA that, in suite of the ev.'essiv.' fishiii!.'. or tist'iin'.'ras has been allowed, tlie su|.ply of whitefish in lake Willi is still enorm.Mis and iriv.-s no sutH.-ieiit ground for serious tear th.' fntnr.'. The sub-.ommiftee whi.-li visited the hsliin<r '-'r iift.'r th.' end of the summ.'r tishiuir operations and persoiiallv t -rms M ir. - : wrra IISIIKUIIS <)| MAMK 111 \ )ri'PHn'il to I 111 rin'f (IN (HXI |)(iuiii1k to "(IrcsiMMr H iiiiix'ii'iiin I' pliii'i'il at 4 to tjir ail i<r tisliiii^' ill iif.v-tivi' |irr' I'Vi'iitiii',' till- tlir liu'sllt'S. i|iii'stioii at Dllsl.N alTffCll wo majority till' rouiinis- II of till' iii- iclli'il Sllrll a total I'losintr ii'iH'iiisr uitli • vidi'iii'i' was iiaiiit'il liad !•■ •OllllllclKla- ii'Tiiii'iit. aiul mil. ill till' pril IS, Ifillt, r unit, I'oiM- iiiilii'i-'. ' iii(ii"i<iiiiii u lilt III' a limit : till' suiimicr of two out of iitiiii'Mt com- iiy oi'iliT ill viiii'il that loi'c tliaii two till' I'ouml of s I'au'/lit. tli(> '!i out of the fi'i'l lioiiiiil at illcllri' of till' serious I'Xtciit ir sultsi'iiui'iit liiisr. or ovor- ikf \Viiiiii]>('g mis fi'ar as to sliiii<r trrounil soiiallv ti'sti'il ii|ii'i'ial loi'alitii's wliiili hail Im n aliamloni'il Imi aiisi' of lln' KiippoMiil total ili';>lilion of lisli. t'oiiinl I'viijiin'i' li\ srtliiiif nils that thr ilrplc tii'ii was far Irss M'rious iluiii luui Ihiii allfU'iil. nml thai thr iinaiin luki'ii for flioroiiirlily iiiM'stiifalini; llu' stati' of tlirsc irrmimls .'stali liMlii'il this niiiarkalili' nsiilt, that tin- fiars aiiti'ipati'il liy many \V(T>' not I'i'ali/i'ii ami that tli.' ari'as ri'fi-rn'.l to ilnl not show siu'iiH of thi' ilaiiw'tr of imiiii'iliati' i\haiistion. It is trui' that tli.' si.i' of thi' tisli appiari'il to Iuim- ■h'.iiasi'il somiwhat, liut tln' ipiaiitit,\ of whitf fish alioiimliiij.' ih tlirM' .n-i'as hail not ili-.-r.-asi'il lo tlu' cxti'iil that hail I'i'i'ii I'ommoily i-laimnl. Wf do not tliiiil;. Ihiri'fori'. that, in view of this I'viiiiiH-,'. ami in virw of tlii' I'ai-ts awrrtaiiu'd. thi' ron titi'iHliri' of till' prohihitioii of HUiiimi'i' fishiiiir is jiisliliaMi' ; and \vi sti'iMi(fly ri'i-omim'iiil. thi'ii'fori'. that tin- liist |iart of suh .'.ii-tion !• of siTlion 12 of tl rdi-r in < nimiil of April Is. l!i|i». ln' ri'si'lndrd. To cIiiM- down summer lishini; uperations in aii.v i-asi- would he a most .serious step and liaxe far rea'hins; i'oosei|Ui'nies on the industries of the proviii.e. .\iiil iIiIm iiiipoi'tant faet must lie hi.riie In mind, that lake WiiiiiipcK is fli.' only souree of supply for- fresh whilelish on whicli the wi'slein Caiadiaii and other markets in the Dominion laii depend. a':d tin' i losinsr down of summer (ishiiikf would therefori' deprive a lai;'e part of our popnlation of any siipplv of fresh white- fish diirinir the s'.immer seasoii. The summer fishinu' is I'arried on !n a part of this 'rieat lake the shores of whieh an' almost r'ntirelv without population and not likel\ to I"' settled for a eonsiderahle fim'- oi, ai-eniiii! '■( Ihe speria! n.-'tiire of the eoiintry and its not heinu' adapted for a"ri 'itiiiai purposes Tin- somewhat satisfaetory siiins wlii. h mir fni-tln r iiivistitrationv havf shown as to the state of the fish supply in the iMirthern portion of hike \Vinni|>e!r. would not .justify, ill our opinion, the induslrial dislocation to which we refer, vi/. : the stopfia','!' of an important tislier\ eiiterprisi'. and the eiitti ii; otf of a valued and Meeessai'\- supply of fresh (isli t'or our own |o."i| ' 's in the i\c-st and for c.-istern mark-ets," ,„^. ^ ^ That sonietliin'; should I"' done to increase the si/e of the Wliitefish 1 ■, c 1 I • , . . „ .Size Limit wliiteli.sli cailfflit was reeotfiiized l>\ the ( oiiimissioncrs. ulio stall' that thev are convii d Ihat a ininimiim si/r limit for the mme impo: ta.it foitd lishes is alis'iliitely necessary. Toipiote: "We. therefore, recommend that certain sizes of (ish should he sjiccitii'il in the reirulations. helow which no fish can he leirally cap- tured. We also recoiiimeiid that the leiral mesh of the various nets slionld he increased. An iiierea.se in the si/e of the mesh of nets means, of eoiuse. that ipiantities of iiet iiou leL'all.\ in use would lieeiniie useless unless sutlieieiit notice of a chantre Were L'iven and time allowed for wearing out the presi lit nets and for ohtainintr a supply of new nets of lar^'er itiesh. We. therefore, in our [ire.-., nt recommendations, have adopted the plan of erradiiall,\ imreasins? the si/e of mesh with a siitlicieet interval of tinu' to allow the fi-hcrmen to provide tliemsehcs with ih'ts in accordance with the promised new ret'iilalions. We cannot resist tlie con-lusion that liv u'radiially in crpasingthe mesh in this way less hardship will he felt hv the tislier men and tiie fish firms and the averatre size of fish taken will, of m ( oMMlSSloN <" I ONSI K\ Ml' 'N HHi.v. 1«. ,..M.rov..,l. Th.. .,u..H,.on Kan lu.n y^;;^;^^ ^l^l ,n„tur.-H..ri.rcMlu..N.i;«s 111. M" lu.M... M„„itnKH, ::;:,-;l:^;;^;,Tz;i,:;\;r:.':.p»:.i.;;.^™..::-:; ::h;t:;:::i::.,s:;:t:;:.f';i:'^;:::t:f;i ::-;:- -^ „r„< mi.liiiiil » nmli" '"I" ■ "'"" "' " f„r l,«l.l"r> |."r|...-» ,„,,„, ,,„.,„„, „„ll..l .n ll ■■■"li- ,,Mi;:vr;!;,;:;:::;i;::i.:;:s ™;^»PV'';'t:;nr's!;: .: •': n^^, ;:;l:;^:';;:;:::N:;f.'^';i; -•■«;;::;: j;:,:-,s: twu pown.ls ih u. li-'Ht »."" '' I",- 1 ■, „„, (•„„„niHsi,m is awMr .luriMKtl..M.nM-,..l.n).' wii.t.r , .MU-IU . t" _^ ^.^^^^ still l„.l.l in ...M ston.^'. '1' ^^"^^"1"-' ;■ " , ,, .f ,.ff...tual t„ I... ,H. sal., for ll..'in. Th..,v apiuars t. I ^ . ^ st,.,M.n,. .his .jM-tun. ...• w .,. -s ... Sr,:ii:r::n:::::::u::i:;:l.-".is^. -"-^"'^••'^t ,,,,,,::;;\;:\;™;ri;;\ "11 ;....., --;-;;t,r=;;^ s,„ali wl,it..tish .■ontwn...s. "'^ "',;; ;'„^; ! l,^ t,' san-tlo' , ,„,M.t shoul.l .... tin; n.,m-t of »;' ;;',;, ,-., i,,,,, ,..„.ns^ iss,„. of li.-...,s,.s to.- ...-ts o1 OSS ; ^ : \,,. ^;.,,i,,.fi,,, s,„ ..H.nmirr on irroiitK s known to Ih " itv>ii ♦!. . inU-..^ nl" ,,,.,,,., „..tssh....H,.ot I..- P.;-^ provii..'.' wIht.' tli.'ic .!- •! !'■ „,, . , . „ ,,, ». ,. ,.xist of xvliit-tisli ./n......ls an.l ,1isti„iruish..l. wl.il.- otl..-.- w,t....ss,.s ' ; ' ;™ ,,., s,.par, the vari..ns fislii...,' -rounds aii.l n" 'list.... t .... as '■"^ i<«lll K il S III \t \\l I . II' uU\</'' jh till' «a> rlaitiit'il liv iitlit'T witiii'SM'M Tln' milx iVjixililf imirx*- li|i|ii'lll> I'l '"■ •" t*il> ll|Miii the ii|iiiiiiiil III' till- I liN|w'liif 111 l-'i-iii r IS. Ill- i-ciiiM ri-iiilil> iiHi-iiiaiii lii-liirt- ri-'-'iiiitni-inliiij: IJi-i-iiM-s if ii u mh will' til tiliow NMuill iiii-slii-ii pH-ki-ri'l iii'ts or ri-l'usr tln-ni. iiint in tliix vvHV ri'iiiii-i'. <ir riitifi|\ put an i'IhI tu. tin- ili'sti-iiitimi ami slii|'iMiiif ol' niiihII llliili'r-Mi/»'i| wliitftisll fur wllii-ll tllrl'i' i» ll" ilrinainl -tiii'g'fin ( 'iilli-i-riliii'.' till- >tll|-i:i-ii|i !i>.||i't'ir> tin- • 'iiiniiilsj«iiihi-rv Iimm- this til »av : "111 iiiii' iiitfriiii fi-piifl iif Nnvi'iiilii I' 2ti. 1'"'!'. pakfi- I". \M- fi' riMiiiiii-iiiii-'l lliat till- i-\piii-t liiiiM till- pi'iiviiii-i- iif .Miiiiiliilia 'if Htiif t'l'iiii anil iif ravaiti'. whii'li is tlii' pn-pai'i-il ami riiii'd riii' of thi' slur- (;i-iiii. Ill' pi'oliiliiti'il oil ami aftii' •laiiiiai'.v 1. IIMn. l-'oiu' l'l'aN■lll^ Ii.hI NM'i^lit witli IIS ill iiiakiiii; this n iiiiiii'iniatiiiii. nan l\ : •] tin- iiiii|<iiilit<'<i lii'i'liiii' in till' suppls of stiir^i'iiM in tin- laki's iuiij rm't-s of till' |irii\ iiii'i'. 'I'liis ili'i'lini- is niiU'li ifii-atir tliaii tlir pol'lislii-d statistii-s iiiilii-ati' : ami. imliril. tin- I'l'tiirns iliiiiiiif tin- last iniii- or tivi- yi-ars liavt' not imlii-ati-il rati-lii's of stiirtri'oii in Manitolia watirs pi'iipi'r. Iiilt liavi' imlinli'il lar'.'i' takis of sIih-l'i'om in I In- Ni-lson rivi-r anil ill till' imrtlii'i'ii wati-rn in Kii'watin. iirvt-r liifoi'i' i-oinirii'i'i-iallv i-\|iloiti'il. '2 Stiit'ni'on liavr always lii'i-n a slajili' artiili' of fooil witli IiiiIIhiin. ami in past vrarstlii' Drpartnuiit lias laiii stri'ssnn tlii- iiiipdrtaiH-i' iif this lish as a soiiri-i' of siisti'iiaiiri' for tin' Imliaii triiwH. i'S|)i'('iallv tin- northi'i'ii triln's. CI i 'I'lii' iinfi'asi-.l vahii' and the iiu'ri'asi'd di'inand. I'spi-rially in foi'i'ii;n iiiarkris. for . nxiari' mnl siiiokt'il stiirt't'on ; ami tlir >;fi'al'> iin-rrascd prirrs i'iins'-i|ni-iit on this iri'o\viiii_' ili-iiuiini has stiiinilati-d ii di'siri' on tli> (larf of lish tiriiis to iiiaki- lariii- rati'hi's of stiii't'i Wlii'i-i'Vi'r stiirir'nn oi-iiir in CiniiidH. flii'i-f has lii'cn, in i lit yrars. i'\ii'\ itTorl iiuidi' to i-iiptiiri' thi'iii. and. it must lir addi-d. to i'\ti'i'iiiinati' tlii'in, 4 Tlii' ai'timi of tin- [ntrriiatiniial Kishi-rii's < 'omiiii.ssiiin. whirh. in tin' rodi' of I'l'iriihi tioiis pii'parrd l)\ tlniii. pmvidi' that stiir>;t'oii tishinsr should hi' stoppi'i! for four yiars, is of ui'isrlit in this ■■oiiiii'i'tinn. Limitaiions Proposal! Thr I'oll'iwiiiir IS a siiiiniiai'y of tin' iiriin-ipal limitations on ii>liiii:..' Mi^iri'sti'd h\ till' < 'ommissioin-i's. for .Manitohn wati'i-s: ll i .\ ronsidi-ralih' di'i-i'i'a.si' in tin' amoiint of int and '-'I'ar to hi' usi'd liy till' Hsliinp tiijrs; 2' Till' lii.iitatiiin of thi' total aiinuiil siimmir I'atrh of uhiti'lish . i:!i Till' ih'liiiiitation of tlm ai'i'a to 1 inmi-i'i'ianx tishnl in >irii Iiii'r ; i -I ' A strii't ohsi'rvami' of Ihr slnirli'tii'd lishini.' s.-msoii . and I .'i Coiiliniiii; tlii' main lishiii}: opi-ratimis stricth to lisln riin'ii risidiiiK ill tilt' I'roviiii'i'. Afjiiiii. owiiifi t-> thf i:iit!iy n-j)rrS"ntat i- -MS -uHd" 'v t''=^hi-i'!i!!'!i to tin- C'liiniiiissioMt'rs, thi-y rt'coimnended that fall tishins; fritiii Si'pti'iiilii'r 1st to Oi'toliiT l.')th lie also hUowihI in the soutlu'rii portion of laki' Winnipi'); (si'i' pp. 20 ami 21 of tlmir Heporf. as it is alh-sri'd that winter tishinsr CJ' Milt hi' i-ari'ii-d on tlii'fi' to aiiv extent. It was also rlaiiiied that tisher- •mr*' ,_^ iONJMISSION Of lONSl-inATION > -'"■ -i»;.,;s:;,ri;»"f." ;Xh!':^,;;';(;;:s'S,' S r;:rtl;;:::^:s;:,":;rs.rsi;. p, skift's ...ly slio.iM lu' US.M1 l.v 11... HsluT.M..n. a.ul tl.at a liuns. I •t;;l.n() lie Irvicil „ . Tlu. <'..<nn.ission.Ts stat. that, until al...nt Hv ^var^ F°Jh''" An,-ri..an ...upauies l,a,l U..,.,. ..ontn.liin, tlu- mark..t.. Companies ^,,,„i,„,,a Ms!.. Tlu's.. ..Mnpani.-s. it was ass,Tt.Ml .-M WlMl,. tlu. Vr.ilc.l Stat..s -•..,npa>n..s now a.v s.n.p ,.!,asors. having' .ontnnts ^^^ ' , ■'' ;.;\\'' , . ' ,„ir..nu.Hts of tl ,ular supply of "f ' ;•' •';;;;^ V^ .>o>n tl!.. -ontrol of tlu l,„s.n..ss.ss....,m..l, '".',„;.,„., ,i,,,.. ,, VV..11 nigh i-np. ,i,,„. ,.n ♦l''V'^''V7V'; ,!',,'' Han .ohsumu... ..ou.plaius Tlic hii-'l" pn....ot hsh aIm.1i tin ' ' , ,. ,) ,„i,l,ll..n.. aris-s. it must 1... a.hn,tt...l. '''•'?. V'^'' is a « tlu> su.all ''-''■'"■ ''''!;,::^:;:;;;:r;;: .-lsp!rpouu.,pn.Htonwi, nn--u.u -■'•■•>■ -•''•-';-:.:l':;::i.:v way Itei'ii possil)l.. fi-,-. /I'ls a lit aiv suc'o a .•onv.:iir'M-.. fnrnisliii't;' siipnl'''^ ii'' tianillc llu. ^'"" ^'''' ;th,. tish..nn.MMntlu.irfisuu,,o,,,, inaMn,ltitu.l..ofwaysta...l.tatn.|^ „|sr iiav.. tlu. n.sp.uisilnhty ot tlu i f.ii..r. »»*■'■ >''r,;;*'r;ii"- -'*■»■ "'i'^ «... *■ ■"i>^i",-^ '" ''\ r"' ,«iiti.i«.»i»f»fi''»»™ ;■:;S■;ll;:^^:;;li:; ■;;::' ;;:"-"'>»•''- "» ■' •"'""'-" ''V »:;\;;::r«::::,sr;:;:.:;M-.;;==« ;:;•;;;*;:^r■^;:;::i;.■:,.f.•|«;»«i»':^l;;;;:;3^!:t -1 &»->■ [••|SIIKI<li:S t >!■ MANMTOI'.A «'s and frt't'z- fort- tin- pro- Itl (•OllllfC- t fall fisliiiisr that no niorp t t)f si't, that licciisi' I'ft' of ivc years a^o. inarkctiiii: of •tl-.l. fXIxTtl-ll ^, A (•oniiiit'i'- an concerns to lands of Can ish wonld find had foruicrlv :is followed, iiiply t!ie pur ch heavy pnr whereby a re iMits of the tish i(.l of the hinrc ieh iiiipossitilc. oiiiplaiii'* about iliddlenien wtm he small retail hat the nndillc fit on whitelish. not more than companies whc <hip them fresh )tit. It must he •ect and operate the tuL's which liinfi operations litatini: the tisl: of the rise an.l of Imsiness j;en ns. snppl.v net^ ch tlie iiid\isti\ ir less marjiin "' ish to the rctiiil lecomes exeessi\c iiadian waters h.v (h.^tcrs. at ll'v ed States huyns i,il dealers apiil> c refused on i'^' Fisheries Patrol ^rround that, under the existing system of selliiij; to iidddlemeii. the fish companies decline to sell to the retail (iuiadian dealers. If it is possible, by some departmental measures, to carry out an ar ran^'emeiit whereby the lisli companies shall .sell diieitly to the retail dealers at the lowest possit)le prices. Canadians may then secure as clieaj) tisli and as jrood i|uality as do the cnstomci's of the lai'Sfe I'nited States comjianies. " I 'iiiler present <M(ndilions ( 'anadians when buyiiif; fish actually pay a profit to four dilVerent persons, vi/... (1 i the tishcinien (2* the wholesale fish dealer ( .i ' the jobber or middleman (4i the ri'tail fish (h'aler." The iiuitter of more i'i<;id |.a1rol of the lakes is oue that will re(piire more serious consideration than it has received in the l)a.st. There have been freipient ;dle^'ations of incompetence concerning the inspectors, but when the eircmristances under which these men iiave to work, are consider-ed it is perhai)s not so surprisitiii that this work has been but imperfectly done. In the first plai-e. the patrol boat used is too lar^ie ami slow for such work, and <;ives early warniti'.' of its approach to all persons enfraf^ed in illegal operations. Mesides. the in- spectors are mostly r«'sidents who receive but small pay for their services, and can hardly be expected to take the risk of having the ill-will of their neighbors by forcing pro.secutions. Then. too. the areas to b vered by tile ins|)ectois are much too extensive for thorough work. In this rcirard. the Commissioners report as follows: •"Few peojilc are alile to I'cali/.e the vast extent of the area \\hi( h the orticers have to cover, and the immense waters which should be regularly patrolled if proper supervision is to I xercised. The .s<'ale on which the fishing ojierations is carried on. both in winter and smuiner. is most extensive, ami it wonld appear that for interests so vast as the fishcrii'S of .Manitoba and Keewatin. there should be a division of labour and that one officer should not have to cover such an immense geographical area as the present conditions rc(piire. Till ic should be some central inspector's ofllce in the provinci-. . ,tab- iished where the principal otiicer could be consulted by parties on fishery Imsiness. He sliould have authority to issue licenses and save the serious delay whi<-h at jireseiit is so great an obstacle to the etVective workiiiu' out of the government's poli<-y of protection and preservation <d' fish. He shoidd make weekly returns to the depart- lue'it of the licen.scs issiu'd and remit the fees collected, l-'or the reasons which are ajiiiarent. we do not f'avour the pi'csent system of a nmiienms staff of poorly paid fishery overseers, and a still more iiiadcipiately paid stall' of" fishery guardians. The whole territory should be under the supervision of six or eight active and properly paid fishery oversee's. who would have their patrols specified by the prineipal oflRcer or district iu.speetor. " That there is an ever increasing need of more fish hatcheries Needed "' '» Manitoba, and. at the same time, a more seientifie operation of those alreadv in existence there, seems to have been im- ,„ COMMISSION ol (.ONSKKVATION ,. S...I v.TV slroMwMv o„ th.. Co.nnission.rs. Tlu-y ass.-rt tlmt son,, of H T . 4^ w, ; not .„ operation at all for on. or tw. s..asons. 1 In. *'"■ . . , ainlv U... ,o nnsn.ana,.Mn..nt in tin- -natt.-r ot l-ro rnrin.' spawn WhU- wl.it.-«sli whv h.Mnf: tak.-n an.l shipp.'.! -> tin . . cut mt: spawn. i,.,t,.l„Tics eitlirr n-ci- v.mI nn spawi lirnl .lurin" tin' spawnni'^' season, (he hat. loins. lUM 1 1 ■ , ' :,. ,.iv. I it in su.l. l.a.1 .on.lition that it was aln.ost .■nt..vl> : .: ;r 1- L Conunission.... -lain, that th. Selkirk hafluTV . . ■ In- U.e propagation of whit.tish. whi.-l, ever sn... .1 .-•■» ;'"! '"7 '••■,;:":;;;;: :i;;;,::i;'::;;.™ni'. i,n:;::;;';;'t :;^, ;:;:...;r". .■•;-■;■ -— Maiiiti.ha are si;ie!ii,ir!y laeknif.'. ,,„.;„., ,„ ,1,.. ,a,.k of ae..urate inforn.ation. eonsi.lerali Ki"' h.»'n's^ .-ists as to the hahits an.l n.oven.ents ot Manito gations g» n.,, •11,,,. vi.'.ws .,f ..M.erien,.e,l tishennen are '"o«t '•ont, ..^.-. »■■' ;-;;!:;::;:;:;;:.r::;'.Ctr;:-* ""'• •'" ' ■ , ,,„ „|,i,,.|i.k ,.i,.k.r.-l. Mim'o". <^»-'>' ""•' '"'"■' •" :r,;,t:!::. .:; T<.u....«< *..i «•■ «•-""- - - " pnitahle ])laee. K...,„,,in.. extensions of tin.e wl.i.-h the Departnu-nt Exeensions , ,,..nn.ntlv in.portune.l to n,ake. the Co.n.n.ss.oners .-onun of Time ,, lis (oUows: ..Thea..partnn.nt.s.attpne.s,...l,^P^ ,„„aif.v tin- .--'Hiations. espeeial. t^^^«' J ^ ^,,,-,,, „„, ur i.,g seas..).. i:.'.,u.-sts '''•■ PJ ' ' '^J\" ,.ri..us shorta-.e in ,„. ..va, f.nv.. ;-;-, ^^^ ;„::Tm;t' in hel.alf of the fisher season s .a •• I ..1 Us h. n I ,,,.^i t„ haiuUe as lar^'e, un.l file tish hnns that thev "'f "';,„„. ,,in suffer seri.Mis ,.,,er .-ateh of «;?'';-';';;;;;''„, :l;;i,e then, t.. make u, tin- .leti.'ien.-y m th.' '■»*'''■.',',,■,.,, .,,„„.„r. f.>r s.„„.' ivaso that, .li.nn^ >i s.^is-.n "■;; '^; V , , 'i„ ^^ w ,„a.l.. f.>r h„ in- other to be espe.ially s.ar.-e._ ..•.,"_. s.^^sluu^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^_ ^^„^^ ,,1 (le.slin.ti.v.i oi lie!. 1^ .1 ... . ••■ , , opinio,. N^liel ,„,„„>se ..f the apparent «'•»'•- ♦>,*J;;,. „, j, pVe.-isely the (isli. for soin.' reason. app<"Hr to l.e s. aT( . . tiih. i I ISmivli S oi- MAXITor. \ jl SOIIll' ot IIS. This r of pro- >• ttif caf- iin spawn : I'litircly itcluT.v is sini'i' its .11. Tiifv •ly liccoiil- locati'd. it lllHlll'lull'll h.^.l. Tlu' ial)li' asset wntiTS lit' iiisidcralil*- ■ Mfiiiitolia Bst I'ontra- itctisli tirst ■ till' white- st prai-tical mid spawii- otlitM- COlll- < advise tlie some otliiT lartineiit is <rs eomiiieiit teiupimiril> 1 of the fish I and iirtred ,rta'_'e in tlu' he fishermen s lar^e, or " I' serious loss make ui> fill leavs Strang" ine reason oi ir an ineieas 1 i)e allowed on. uheii til' selv the tim. tliat tlie.v siioidd lie eoii.>Jerve(l. and the extensions asked lor appear, therefore, to lie imwisi and iiii necessary from a tish iirnteetion point of view. Siieli extensions, we have information to siiow, have often proved of no lieiielit at all to \\\v [larties who askeil for tlieoi. When an extension is asked ami the season is |enj;tliened it often results in lishiiiLT operations liein;,' continued after the stormy season has he'jun. cntailiiij.' i;reat loss id' ;rear. and certainly a waste of con- siderahle c-iilches of Hsh. The seasons specified in the rcirulations should, in our opinion, lie very strictly and closely adhered to, hotli in the interests of the tish suiipl.\- and in the interests <■( the parties who are eiiLMU'cd in the lisli iodustrv. New Regu- lations De- sirable "As We have pointed out in the hody cd' our report, the exisfini; lei^ulations cover not only the province of Maiiitoha. hut the very different waters of Saskatchewan and Alherta •liere the conditions are wholly unlike tliosi ot' the Manitoha Hi' (Fence, ii totally revised set of rejjidations is necessary, ami. uiiiieislaiid that a new set of resrulations is heinir jirepared >peciHll\' for the more western provinces, we lie>r to recommend the foJlowiiiLr series of revised letrulalions f<ir waters which we werecom- nd.ssioned to invest israte and rejiort upon. It will he noticeil in tiiis code of rej-'uiations which we susrflt'st. that a niiiiilii'r of provisions are dropi)e<l altoirether which have loii'; formed part of the Manitoha resrulations. hut the time has I'ome for a thoroujih rex .ion. and we. therefore. lie<r to recoiiimend the following provisions as suited to the present reiiuirenients of the lisheries in (pieslion. Okner.m, "(1) Fishing liy means of nets or other apparatus without license or permit from the Minister of .Marine and Fisheries is pro- liihited in the waters of Manitoha and the District of Keewafin. ■■(2 I No license shall lie i;rante(| to an\' jierson unless he is a Uritisli suliject. resident in the Dominion of Canada, and the actual owner of nets, hoats and fishinsr frear for which the lieen.se is trranted. Apfilications from i-esidents liviiif; in the immediate locality of the Waters applied foi- shall have the preference In the frrantinjr of licenses. ■■i:> Any resident settler, incjudin'j: Imlian. is eliirihle for an annual tishioij permit to lisii i nt more than une hundrerl ( 10(1 yards of jrill-nei for domestic use, Imt not t'or sale or liarter. Such permit shall he issued fi-ci'. and Mshinsr under it shall he pi'rmissiMe at all times. ■■|4i Xo license shall he transferahle unless hy special permis sion ohtained from the District Inspe<'tor of Fisheries. "(.') Every person holding a Hsliint;- license or permit shall, at the end of the fishing season, make a sworn return id' his total catch of fish to the fisher\- inspector hy whom llie license or permit wjis issued. ■'Note. — As there are two important tisliiug seasons, namely, th- summer fishing season and the fall and winter fishing season. COMMISSION OK CONSEIU ATION „u-ans of tags or otl.erw.s.. ";^]« '^ "^^^^ „,, ,,„w. the figure or i„ Maek on a white ^'''''''''^S' ., 1', ,,.!S,t and the .m>ubers on the figures to he not h-ss than 6 '' "^'^ , "^jf ^,;„ .vithout raising then. fron. the water. '!'\;' »' , " t .'etUr^n boxes or on the net reel^ attn.-lunlasto M. v,s.l.h-«l. nth. " ;«' j ,,^^„ .^all he furn.she.l S" thHli^^tr, "'li;:t^ :r^Ms?riet at t... tin. ot the .ssue «^^'^;rSt.ore,.tsMiU.n.^^^^^ in whose name the lieense IS .ssue.1. fehern.en. o '•(8) Kvery person or hrn ; "'^ .",i\,,ak^^ han.UiU fish after ..apture ';>., ♦^ ^ '^ ^".^ Lu^^^ght and winte. „,. or before Mareh •^^•, ". '■^'•5,iVe m er M\ for suuuuer-eaught M ,an^'ht fish, an.l on or '"^^^j;:,^ ^1' m^^^^^^^ the kinds of fish bought c dates named above. (i,.,.eral Fishery Regnlatioi •M'ti Ansiler's permi s / ' 'V,V t. aiwlied to the Manitol s::i:::^?»it,s:s;r;,s;^si^':in, .,. in the provinee of Manitoba). FISHERIES or lihlTIsn (OLIMBIA- The tislicries of tliis I'roviiicc arc cxi't'cdiiitrlv rich and arc almost uiiliiiiitcd ill proiiiisc. Altli()iij,'ii the Hshirifr iiidtistrv may he said to In* now only in its int'aiicy. the frrowfli and dcvclopTiicnt have been truly reniarkahlc dnrinfi the past few years. To a careful ol)server. however, this will appear small and insignificant in comparison with that which may be done alonsr the same line in future years. The province of British Columbia has a sea washed shore of T.fMW) miles, with countless islands, bays and tionls forminj; safe and easily ac- cessible harbours. Along this portion of the Pacific coast, and within the limits of territorial waters, there are fish and mammals in great abund- ance, while, apart from this immense salt water fishing area, there are, in the numerous lakes of the province, no less thati 22(t.0<H) s<|uare miles of fresh wate»-. ffordiug the finest possi!)le habitation for nuiiiy kinds of valuable food-fishes. Very little has been done, comparatively speaking, for the fisheries of British <"oluml)ia as a whole, and their importance claims the clo.ser attention of the Government. On the Atlantic such valuable a.ssistance as the erection and maiutena' " hait-iree/.ing establishments, and the granting of bounties, ha.s bee. 'ed. It would seeiri that the need of encouragement is especially ma A on the Pacific, since there the demand for labour of all kinds is so great and other less precarious em- ployments are .so inviting. A great deal might be done, by means of special inducements, towards the upltuilding of the fishing iudiLstry here. _. , Of all the many branches of the fishing industry in Fishery British Columbia, the canning and packing of salmon yet remains facih princeps, and it is to be hoped, and may with reason be expected, that a continued plenitude of this valuable fish may be ensured by careful methods of conservation, by artificial propa- gation on a large scale and by the combined efforts of the Government and of the cannery men. All who are connected with, or interested in. the salmon industry fully realize that a plentiful future supply can be rendered a certainty only by the rigid enforcement of close season regu- lations, together with the operation of hatcheries on an extensive scale; for all are aware that unless a sufficient number of fish are permitted each year to reach the spawning grounds, the time will assuredly come when the sources of supply will have become depleted. This is particu- larly nue of the sockeye salmon. • This article was klndlr contributed by the Attorney General's Department. Britisli Columbia. n roMMlSMON nV O.NSKKVATION .„. th.- ('an..li«n an.l AnuTU-au mde ot tlu > '^^ ' ,„.,. ,,,„t ..wry he S..1. ..usin..ss ....uUl not .. I--;;; ' ^ ;,, ,,.., „ uu, „...a,lv ,„...liti.-.l. if not >'lt'.'^'-tl-- /-'-" ,^^. :.. -iulations nmy be ^.e. tha, a sat.sla.to.-y ...nt ^>J- ^^^ ^ . ! 'on ti.e'.ther si.ie oV the „aopte.l hy the .annerson "' ' "^ ""^ ' "' „„ ..„a , the savint! of the ,i„,_„l, workin, in u.uson mvan s " " "l'.,,,,,,^,,,,,,,,,,,. .levoutly sahnon in.lustry. This wouhl. m-leed. h. a tohe wislied." . ,,. .ippaivot in A similarly >a.is,a,....ry ou. ..-k lor " ' ^ ,^ ^-n..' a Spe.-ial ,1 .«-• saLnon ..is,..ie,s o,' -'";:;;- ;;•„',! Minster of Marine an.l H.mt-Katin,MV.nnn.ssu.n was appoint i^.,,,,,li^i,,,,, K.sheHes at Ottawa .iH. ^^:-;^^;-::^::f:: „..,a of ..oats to he ah '" ^''" '""■*'""■" . 1 iM.iivi.lnal ..annery. This Connn.ss,.., lott. > ea.i> -liv.sH.n an.l to -' ' (.^„,„, ,.ff,i,s an.l en.inent ,„„sistea oV n>en thoroughly "'"l" ">^^' ^ ,. ,,,,„i,s of pr.'viou, ,, ,„„,iH...l for the .luty entn.st...l »;' '-■ ,^ then,selv..s-all aliv, ;,L n. this •^ir-^'"V:i;:;tr;;; oftairLave .... far fro,n sati. t„ the vital n..e.'ss.ty ot a l«"'it.t.on ■ -^^ (Jovernment an. f„..tory. This faet U., to ;;^;;:^ ^,, ^.f ^L.^nu-nt. of the ahov. later, t.. th.' appo.ntn,.-nt. ''>/"'; ,,,. ,,„,,, ,■„, a period of year ""■•'*'"•"■•' *•-""-■'''""• ^" T"';;Tant e IHn, and dispute. weU.on.e t. The eannery n.en. weary ot e. nstan ^« "^^^ ;^ „„iik,ly tl>at tl ^--■-' :' '- p:z R^r;' :;i^" ^^" ^^^ -^^t- ^" - award of this year s n.vit-Katm ^ ^^.|^. ,,_ ^,^^. ,.,„„„. v..t it WouUl seen, to .>e the 'ifT'"'; '';;,„,.. ,„., ,.- whieh the st.>e .ill Letter realue t'-'- P- -^ ^^^ ^f ^^...^e.l mor.. eertain, -"^^'"-^'"^^"'"f''^: ;.hr.,,uni..ia.th,.Hvekn.. Then. ar... in tlie ^^atels ..t '* ' r^;' ^^,,„,„„, They are .l.stu of the .....us ■"■f IV"";;;; ;;:;;"i 1, .'r. of the ,enus .«/».... «truet f,.,.,n the sal...on ot the ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^, ,„., their life history is tota ally tlu.s.- tish are only sll^h l.v -ffe ,,,,^^. ,^,,,.,„ .,issi,nih.r. and they are <lf>;r-^>.',,^, ',,,,,, j all the sp.-ei.-s f... aiffen.nee is p.vs.^nted in t'- -^ '^ ^^,,„ „„,,. This , ark. in l^aeiiie waters .1... ^^^].;^'^^X<^,J to the attention of s. ehara..teristie. wh.-n tor tl e ^r '--^ .li^.^edited. as they did ..ot t A„a..tie a,..l Knn.P-< -;^;;:^^;: :^: aifferent from the s.l.„. .c r:o:t;Xrr;.rw::^te:t of their aWanee and fine .anniiisr .pudities. I-ISHF.KIKS OK CRITISH (OLUMIUA 15 Till' fivf 8p»M-it'8 of I'ai-itic salirioii. in the ordtT ot' tln'ir coininercial iiiiportaiKH'. arc hh follows: (1 ) The Sdckcyt'. or Uliifliai-k («>iii nrlniiK Inis ttirka). (2) The SpriiK;. or (^nirinat lO. tschaici/tsilin ). (3) The Colio. or Silver <0. tiixnlrh ) . (4i The l)i>ir Siiliiitiii ((K 1,(1,1). (.")) The IIuiiiii-liHck ( <>. fiffliiisihii ). Soc'Ki:\i: S.\i,.M(iN. — The sockexc niii in all the iiiainlaml rivers, in some of the rivers of the west coast of Vancouver island, and in the N'iinp- kish river iicar I he heiicl of the e:isl coast of that island. The ahinidaiiee of this fish in the Fraser varies greatly with given years — known to the oanners as the 'hiv' yeai's" and tiie "poor years." Their niovement appears to he jrr'eatest ever\ fourth year and the run is poorer in the years ii;unecliately followintr. The causes which nuiy have led up to this most I'ciiiarkahle featuri' ha\e >;iveii rise to much spei'ulation. and iininy theories have liecn advanced to account for them. Xone. however, are sntllciciitiy siiiisfac|(vi". t., lie generally accepted. The periodicity in the run if socke\e. whii ii Is so j)ronounee(l in the Kra.ser. has no markecl eonnterpart in any other river in the Province or on the <-()ast. 'i"hc sockeye weis'hs from three to ten pounds, though s|)eciniens weighing seventeen pounds are i ordcd. The adults in salt water are free from sjjots, their hacks aie a idear hlue and helow the lateral line the coloni- is an imma'-nlate white. In form and colour, they are considered the ino.st heantiful of their fandly and the flesh is of a deep and unfailing red. They enter the Fraser I'ivcr as early as April, hut are not taken till July 1st and their I'apturc is. hy rcirulation. i-onfined to nets of oL, inch mesli The main run in the Fraser is looked for towards the latter |)art of July and is at its heit'lit durinir the first ten da \ s of August. The spawning period of the sockeye extends from August, in the heiidwaters. to as late as Octoiier and Xovemlier in the waters nearest the sea. the spawning taking place in lake-f< or in lake-feeding streams Very little is known of the life of the vDung. or the length of time they live in fresh waters liefoi'c seeking .salt water, hut the results of ohservations of late would fend to show that the .seaward migration iloes not take place wiieii the fish are of any one sjx'cial age. since fry and year!; isrs have been noticed at the same time making their wa.\- towards flic sea. Nothing is kjiown of their fi'eding-grounds in salt water, as they are nevei- found in tiie havs and iidets whicii distinguish the coast and where tlic .spring and colio are so cmiunn. It i,s rhougiiT that their feed- ing-ground must he in the open sea. Si'RiNd oi! QriNN \T Sai-von. -This class ranks second it importance COMMISSION Ol- CONSERVATION only, salmon use.l lor .ann.ng. Tlu- s, - a » ^^^^^^^^,^ ^.^^ of fro.n oi^ht..... to thirty pou.uls u. »" ,\ '^^^ ^.„,...,. Tl... hea.l in weiKhin. .ix.y to one ''"-''•'■^ ,f ;';:^J " , a k i of a .lark .re.n or rather point.-.l. a-ul of a nu-tal .<■ 1« tn . t . . a K ^^^^^^^.^^^^ .^ l,U,i.„ :.olor; wlnl.. l.-low th.- l«t.-l '- ' J^ /;,. ,he spawning- b,c.onH.s al.nost Ma.k ; I.hu- it is olt... M...ku. grounds as -'l.la.k salmon." j^.^^^ „f It is the ,uost powerfully-swimmn., <^«'; « « \ ^ ^r^, ,,,,..rHhe.l t,e Provin... usually ^o--^-«^; * j;;::^" .^i tlmovin, streau.s, that it enters. It seems to P-'f; f -p", , ....^^ of the flesh is apparently avoi.lin, the ^"•;!'- *; V:^"^ n.es Inmst white. Tins un- fLu a <leep red to a very h^ht 1""'^-- » ;" ,,,. ,,.,, g,„,r„lly used certainty of eolour is n.ainly "-'•""''''' '"V^'l^ers before a-eept- for eannin.. AH sp.pnens - ™ ;* jlllfl:!.! tlsh usually being ing them fr.mi the hshenmm. the ixtum» . i ''*'^''*'"'^- , ., . Kraser earlv in the spring and the run oon- The .,ui..nat enters »": \ "^^ *; "^^ ■„,, ,,. the fall there is no pro- tinues more or less intermittent u..til .n... nouneed run. .^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^,^^^ ^^.^,^,,, „f ,Ue Couo Salmon.- This spe. i. s is ■ ,^.,^,,,,, faetor in cannimi Proviiiee and of recent years has heeom^^^u^^^ ._^ ..^_ ^,,, operations. The bulk of the ^^'^:^l'';;2 three to ei^ht pounds. Eastern markets. Its average --^^JZ . o our. it is very silvery, though heavier speeimens are ""»;" "" ".^ ; /.^^.^ ,pots on the head and greenish on the dorsal ««P''^\'*"^\"''^;' J^^ L.ce in the rivers on the Ls. In August ^^^^^:f:^:r^:Z^^Z^. m tl. rraser. north-west coast, and m hiptember ^^ ..jr::^^!^;:::--:"-:-^^^^^^ - close to the sea. ascending ^\' "^^^i^^ Colour, the fins bein. bla-.k; streams. In the sea. they are <^-^^^^ „,,,,, ,ith lateral lines of but during the spawning season h>'-^^^^^^^ ■ ^,^,^^ ,,, ,;,,, blaek. There is more or less ^™ J'^^^ ^^ ^^ aistortion. while the The heads of the males '""^-f . ^^^ '" .Tsfrom this latter eharaeter- teeth in front become -^ ^^ t^f;,,;!,, ,.,ne. Tntil a few years istie that the species has ''''";*;; "J;^^. ^^jy,. but they are now cap ago these fish were not considered of any J I'lSHI'.klKS Ol IIKITISH (Ol.l'MlilA tui'od in (fF! lit iiiirnloM's l)y tho JapHtii-Hf who dry -salt thciii for (■xj)ort to tlu' Oric'it. Hi'Mi'uxcK Salmon.- This is th*- sinalicNt of the sprcics of Naliiion found in Mritish Colunihiti Wiitcrs. aviTUKini; in wci^lit froin thrci- to six ponnds. In cohxir, it is tiiuish aliovf and silvtTv lit-iow. whih' tin- liafk and tiiil ail' covered with oltlonR hhick Hpott*. In the fall, the maU'S are so <.'r''Jitl\' distorted as to nive tiieni their popular name. These tisli nin in ahundaiii-e in the "hi^j years," and then otdy every second yar after, eoiiiin); in with the last of the sockeye run. They are hut little valued, tlion^'li a considerahh- demand has sprung uj) duriuK the last few years. With till' development of the markets for cheai) lishery products, a de- mand has come for all the varieties of salmon, with the residt that the tifihinK season is now extended to cover the runs of all five s|)ecies. This lenjjtheiiiMtf of the season is of marked lienefit to the regular salmon fishermen, and witli thi' development of the other fisheries, it is eou- Kdently lielieved that these hardy irien imiy find ready employment during' the entite year. TiiK, Aktikk lAi, Piioi'ACATioN OK SALMON. — The following salinon liat<'heries are in operation in Hritisli Coluinhia: lion Ac-cord, Fraser river. reml)erton, Lillooet district. (Iranite ereek, Shuswap lake. Harrison lake. Hahine lake. Stuart laki'. Lakelse lake, Skeeiia district. Oweekayno lake. Rivers inlet. Nimpkisli liver, V;incouvcr island. and Seton lake, Lillooet distriet. The total numher of these institutions does not hy any measis meet the retpiireinents, and the necessity for many more is recognized by all who are familiar with tlie situation. The rection of other establish- ments of the kind, however, is now under consideration, and it may be expected that before very long a larger nmnber will be in oi),'ration at the different |)oints where spawning salmon are to be obtained each year in vast numbers. Hatcheries for game fish, too, especially in the t'jjper Columbia region, are greatly needed. The vast amount of good that is aceomplish- ed by hatcheries towards preventing tiie depletion of the salmon supply and the building up of this industry can raly be comprehended by a careful studv of the results obtained elsewhere. <» COMMISSION or (ONSKKV.VnoN („, Knra salmon -Irift -i.t or ».Mll-n..t J.- o,.. . *•). (h) For a salmon .Irajf-srin.- li-'Oinr. *..>. (,l) For a sal.n.m trap-uH Ii.'O.h.-. =i<2... aNo a and fiab taken. T,..,uni^u,oM.ntis,,ro,nn..i«..«.^an.-..inKN.n,^ ""^""^ tion, for tl-y a.v less ov.T.ro.vn an.. J^' ;; ,, ^^.,^,, of 2r,0 11.S. is oxc-ptional for th lintis ,s,,.M.ially oT Unse hetwoen Ciu.-u Charlott.. -"7' ^ ^l^ ^ , " ' t on. tin... vvritahly Spit and "ft" tin- wst sli..r.. ..t Hanks isl.in.i. ov..r..rowd..d with "">*""»• ^„„„. „,,„,„., ,,„ pounds. Vory lar^'.- hsl, ^u■vr ott.-n tako. ^ ,^^^,.,,^,^ ,.„, „.. ^,„.„a «,.,.,„„.» ,» o, V ;;"*,;;; »,■;:,„ .„ ,.,„ are ..•a.twl "" ■"'•■■"' ""•"■ ,,„,„.,.,„„„, I,.- .-..nvi.t.. mov- :rri:T:t;:;i:;:\:;;rn: '.•.;■::>:. > '■-' «- - - • the fish congn-gat.. in largo numbers. ,,,,.ti.any The metho., ..f fishing with >^^^^:^:^L^..^ men of Boston and Gloucester. j,,. [rir.^s»::;;;"' >:; : -. -'■■ ■■' -«' ■•;- „^„„ Atlantic shores of Canada. Tl,is srr.ll tish-ahont the si/.. ..f a smelt -<vcurs in great Oulachon , "" \!Z Vu- Nans river in the north t.. the Fraser "'"""'""'■'■ Lm enrlv Mar.'h to the middle of Apr.l. river in the south. ap,,caru. - rrom ' -^ J;^, ,^.,,,, .^e Naas-are The s..hools entenng the ,, ' ? f ;j;^ ^„^, /...u^.s. fron, an early v.ry larg..: they .-row.l ,n so tl"'kl> that ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ period, have heen a.-.-uston.e. t.. '"'f ; "/^J^^^..^; of nails inserted i ISIII'KIIS Ml hl-'ITISIl - ol.lMr.l \ v> liy ilrawintr this iiripli-iiM'iit i|iiii-ki\ tliriMit(li tii<' lii-iiw Mrlmol ni' UnIi thi' Indiiiii iinpHlcH d );rt'iit iiiiirilu-r, wliii-li lu' Hliii''.fM otT into IiIh ronoi'. in m very short tiniv he I'lin nliinin a hDathuul in this primitive iiiariiiir Siiipr»> art' iiNt-d ill soiih' localities, as also arc miiimII iih-nIii'iI ifiJIiicts. The tissues of the oiiln<'hoii are teeiiiiiut with oil — so niiieli w) that it is called the "eaii<lle fish." for liy simply iiisertiii^ a piei'e of pitch throiiKli the centre of it when dried, it may he used as a 'Hiidli' or torch, the pit<'h hiirniii); like the wiek of n well -tiileil lain]). The Indians are accustoined to press out the oil into vati*. It is (freatlN esteemed hy them, althoiiirh it (|uickly turns rancid and is very offen-sive in odour, ft is suined hy them in the -ame way. and to the Man e extent, as butter is with more eivili/i il folk Herring The siiperaliundaiice of herriii); on the coast of Mritish Columhia has lieeii reco(rni/ed from earl> times, hut. a.s the local denuind was insitiniticanf . no herrini; Hshery can he said to have e.xisted until about thirty years ago. At intervals, and in a desultor.\ way. various parties engrailed in the herriiiL' industry and iinantities were t'onverted into oil ami (iuaiio. Within the last ten yearn, however, the value of this fishery resource has heeii slowly n-alized. Herring occur practically all along tlie coa.st as far as Ma.ika. though ill sheltered areas, like the waters near Nanaimo. I'cluelet. Hark- ley sound. Virago sound, and (^ueeii Charlotte islainls. the schools appear to form solid phalanxes. At Nanaimo. they are plentiful from early in November to the New Year, vast schools appearing in Pebruar.v while even as late as June immense quantities have Vteeii seen moving out in the strait of Georgia. There are many methods of putting up herring, but the giviitest demand is for the salted article in pickle, and there is no reason why the Province should not put U]) as largi- a pack of the best herring as Scot- lan<l, which produces ahnuall.\ '?r)n,00(1 to :!.')!>, 000 tmis, valued, when pickled and iva<ly for market, at no less than $.'),000,0(MI to $(),000.(Miil. It will thus be seen that while the fisheries of Nanaimo are *till in their infancy, the possibilities of the herring industry are laii/e and. |)roperly conserved and exploited, it will liecome a valuable -.ource of revenue to the whole district. Sturgton The sturgeon fishery of the Province was negl.Mted until recent years, but in IH07 the Fraser river inspector reported tliaT "the sturgeon lislicr; lias l-ecotrie a very iiiiportaiit iitdnstn' — t\w- more important as it affords winter em|>loynient to a large number of resident fishermen who wou!d otherwise spend their time in an idle or t M 4, ,„ COMMISSION or .ONSEKVATION |50.(H)0. the fW. »>.'inK .Ir.-^^'Ml hikI «ii«>«<i to It is.loulitful if thestuwoiihuh t\w north.Tly riv.-rs of \u<- I'rovi- that iiiiy tiHli-y ImM L.'.-n •!• ''"i ' ' m»y !«• fo'iii'l i" ""' '■'^'•''" ''"" ' from til.' wH to th.' fr.'Hli wat.T • i nii.MU* of April, or .-v.n ...s .•ar ^ wcro nciMiHtoin.-.l to tiikc tliciti i '" bnitPcHiooks. om-n.'tH w.Tt' lie. ■ yonrs ngo, aii.l for thrpf or fi>ur y - fighinR. Ill f«.t. so rfiimru'rHli of fiHhpriiifii iiiitiie«liii1elv ftiRa: years the «ateh fell to one-fifth oj I'l I iii- am iv iiuiutHTM. every fre<|iifiit.Ml I'isoii the Frawr rivr alone I ,rh .•onniier.ial value. Tlu'y .„, tlm of the year, hut mitrrate \ 1 the early sprini? ahout the l,i lary. Thf Imlians forim-rly , ... irawlN .vith lonif lii'«'»* '""' jliHiiii' on «}< v.Tiiiiient hoiii. ,,. .1.111 III HturL'eoii I , . „\e that a larffe Uody (,„. n-sult that in three I ikon ii xhort time hcf.tre. r ,1, ... ,iin..i 1 ■ in.i»iM> nonndM of stur- At the present tun,- not .mop th.a. ... geon are taken annnally-or ah.n.t t-- tl •• - ' ' ^^ '^ V^,,,.., ,iver Wa river eafh. Vast nun.hen, , . s-naH ttsh are ^ ^e ^ Mhnon tishernun un.l this leads ro th- hehet hal « th t a of the pr....u, ''•'•"^■'7,«^^i:-:- ::,r i::^..;;;. t the m. n:';;;;.:!;:;o:;f;r;he!;::.:f^.:sai «... a-a .o. eam. iiigs ean be made. ley sound and ad.iaocnt inlets. "-» •-r":*;,:.T:;,,::t,,;:\.::r:,,i:;.:;.;.t.,.- , . i„>vv is M British Colunil.ian fish has lousr h^on as...Ttained. On... kn,.vvM. h..^^e^. r. the liru ^^^ be prepan.d as ;. paste to .oM>l>"t- •'> "'arkets nh. h I nli<>:! l>v the Mediterranean. Th.re are two varieties of smelt eonunon in ^^^;;^^ S»*'» the n.,u n:. Ihahirhlln,^ an.l the /7.//>.-m. ..k.s- ,.m f.o>..s. They are both in hrisk local demand. ^ FtSHl ,UF.S or UklTISH ini.lMlUN it TIhth in prHiti'iillv 11" tnit' cod indiistrv in tin' Province, Ce%A thoiiKh tin- (itlipr H|)t'<'if»4 of thin k«'Iiuh iihoiiiiii. TIum inny be iliii" tci tli»' I'hi'J t(i 't thf tnif-ciid di>i'» ii<>f ixi'iir in f«nfti'ii-nt iiniintitirH to juKtit'\ liiriTf oufl.ivH on jtN rxplnitHtion. 'I'lif Mliori'H nml lixliinif l>;inl<H •"iirthcr iiKiMi in Miiskti. Iiowrvcr. yield it in tiliundiini'i-, lirintfin^ in lar(?f NinnK 'i nun ■•> annnidiy to tliow ••tiKfitri'il in tin- indnntry Ah lonK ii(ro iim IHHO. tin- Httt-ntion of the (JovcrniniMif was cHllt'd fo thi' prcsi-nci- of thin food tinli und rnrn who wi-ri' I'lspcrtih jr iind n'| ortinir on tin- ri-M.nrict. m (lie Mrilinh .nd Kiniku lici'iinic \rr\ .'ontiil.nt tluit tin- I'Hi'itii' I'od HnIi is th <.finif as that laniflil in tin- Atlantic, ami saw no rt'aHon why. in tin , ,Mirs«' of tinii'. and with lari' and afti-ntion, it slionid not lu'coiiie aH valnalih' and important on this side ol thi' contirif.. .,< fhi> .VfWiciumI id fish in the Kast Th" i-ca:. Ui that this i-ntcrpci.." jji , so far not hcin cxti'iisivciy entered upon is prol'ahl\ dui' to hn'k id' investi- KHtion Ut'foi.' the end Jishei-.\ an lie developed in Mritish ( nluiiihia. infor- mation is tii'eevviir\ and the .Marine Miolonieal >>tati(." will have no task mor»' itiiportaiit than that of Hseertainin^ where the trin^-eod ahoimds, the iiHtiire of \tn f<M)d. niijrratioti and spawnitii; halnfs. Ttiis didieioiis and niiich-sonnht after fish ahoinids in Cod or^Skill ' ' '"•'■^'"'''" ^^'"t'tx •••' Hie I'rovinee. especially aloiiir the western shores of the t^ueen Charlotte islands. It favours deep water, espeeiall.v depths of tC in "0 to 'Ml fathoms, tlioui;h if is also found at 20 to 2.'ill fathoms. It is jcver caiiirht in the siirfai-e waters and avoids shallows. It is caught mostly in the winter luonths. The hlacx cod is a deliei- i)«s food-tisli, of rirm and flaky texture, hein*; white in ecdoiir and ri<h in flavour. Owinj; to its rich oil\ nature, it is far more apiieti/iii); tlniii Mic drier and tinner tnu'-cod On the talde it hears a distinct f to a larife whiting; — that is, the true European whiting— m tisli wholly differing from the inferior so-called whitinjrtd" the western water.. It is eanj/lit with very l.in^ lines, each carrying 120 t<< lot) hooks H.xed on snoods at rejrular intervals, (ircat care has to lie exerisod in takiiiL' the fish off the hooks as it is ver\ tender-mouthed. Investi^'ation is ahsolntel.v essential in the case nf this spcci.s also. The determination of the sfiawnim,' season, he nature and location of the spawn and fry are importunt factors in the tramiiiffof regulations t" pre- serve and devidop this industry. Minor A nniiihc!' of ediMe fishes ahoinid alonsr the rocky shores arieiie;. ^^f jj^^ Province whiid) arc used ehietiy to supply the lo( a! markets. The eultus eod is the principal of these niinur fiah : it weijrhs from four to ten pounds and is caiisrht hv means of hiiltcd hooks ,iiid li.\' it^ ( « I. f (OMMISSION (.1- (ONSr.UX NIK'N ""'X. ..V no so,..s .n British Col-nni.i.. tl... .isl. that is sol., as ...-h l;;;;'NViUvrv s,nall. s..l.lo„. .....•.-.lin, a r"..n.l ...• so ,n vv,..«M. I)„,.in.' tlw ..ast f..w v.-ars. .-tTorts lunv b.vn .na.U- to eonvPrsant w,tl> tl. ''■ " J" ' ,^, ,,.,.„,„„ „,■ ,,,..,„ i, ,.ot as yet fd at various points. Init wliai niuni.u . ilefiiiitflv known. ,„P,o ^ „.;.. 1 «•>() lobsters wen- sl.ippe.l. in the spnnfr ot lOOH to waters, hu-e - -at. s - ' ^^_^ ^^^^^^^^^.^ j.^^^^,,^, ,,, ,,. ,„ „ ;l^;;:;:';::;;i:: ':;..;;;.::. '^-■> ^' ^>->' ''^''''-' ph„-es on the -oast. ^,^^, ^^,,^„ Shiinuents or Kastern oyst..rs hay L. u " oys- .,., !...., ., -^-'if^t^:;;:;'::: '-r ;;C-a in wore ronn.l to he perfeetly health.^ " ^^^^ ,, ,,„,, ,„., inlets on ,„.,ir new snrroun.lin.s. /''- H^; :,':,... ver island and there is th.. eoast or the n.a.nlat.d and also .'rou 1 . .^.,,,„,„„.,„ ,,, ..„n- ,•;„. ,,s frrowth an.l development are eon- I'lSIll'.UIKS Ol- IIUITISH t 1)1.1 Mi'.IA M liavf Ih'i'Ii ui-i-iist(mu'(l in Hastcrii waters and wliii-li arc I'sscntial to the raising of tiic tcnipcnitnrc for suci-cssl'iil |)r<>pa<;ation. arc lackiiifr. Ncvcr- tiiclcss, the liusincss of plantitii; the yonnfr oyster and Miarl<etiMf: tlie fully deveh)])e(l prodiii't is fonnd hy tiiose eii<?aKed in it to l)e very prolitahle. Tlu' same ditlleiilty with retrard to the propaf^ation of tlie hihster may l)e fonnd to exist, hnt this lias yet 1o he fully determined. A prolitahle husiness is carried on in the cidtivation of the native oyster which is smaller than, ami inferior to. the Kastern variety. Crabs Very line i-rahs al'e to he (ihtaine<l in lai'jrc ipiantities alonj,' the coast of the Province, and there is a hrisk local demand for them. This industry is hy no means exjiloited to the full, however, as the Indians, liy whom the hulk of the crah-tishinj; is done, are oeeupied with the salmon fisliinfr throuf.'hont the summer and fall. Tlie denuind for crahs in the local markets far exceeds the supply and this, despite the fact that they arc to l>e found in sucli abundance. Saanicli arm and the [..atroon at Ks<|uimalt are teeudn<r with crahs and often, in the summer, pleasure parties ;ro out for the express purpose of catching them. A iiundred or so thus taken in an afternoon is no uncom- mon thing. Some idea can thus l)e ohtaiiicd of tiie numhers that are to lie caught by practical fishermen when novices are able, for the pure pleasure attaelied to the capture, to take them in such >■ ubers. Prawns As in the (-asc of crabs, very little attention is give to the systematic capture of prawns, in spite of the con.stant local demand for them. All that are otfered by fish dealers are ipiickly bought np : for the prawns tliat are taken in provincial waters an- of exce))tional quality. .Most of the prawn fishing is done around N'ancouvi'r: ver\ little is done ofV Vancouver island, though this is not liei'ansc the.x- do not exist tiiere, Imt simply because fishermen cannot he found to umiertake their capture. Nearly all the prawns sold by the lisii dealers in Victoria are cither obtained from Vancouver or Seattle, and it is only occasionally that fishermen bring them in. When they do. their c'atcli is readily taken oflf tlieir lumds by the local dealers. ' ^1 Among the nniiiy fishery resources of the Province that ] are not apjjreciated at their real value is that of the <dam a industry. There is an unlimited market for tliese shell-fish in the I'nited ; >^tates, botli in a canned anil a tresli conditinn, The existence of vast clam-shell beds at numerous points along the British Columbian coast — indeed, wherever Indian communities have if [I ^^ COMMISSION OK CONSFRVATION .Htahlislu.! tlu.„.s..lv..s-s..ous how nuK-h the native population relied "•'"'^;:;:::::;;;;.; iii'nritish rolun.hia is ,,..>. n.n.ar.ahle: proanet^. areas s.oeke.l with -Inn.s of various spee.es oeeur P;-» ^ ' . !* /^ points. There are several estahlislnnents for ean.ung then., loeatul at diffe.'ent points in the I'rovii.ee. The fee for a elam li8l.i..g Hee.ise is !|!i.<H». „ has h,..^' hee.. known that the ahalone oee..rs plentitnlly A""'""^' in eeHai.i areas off the Hritisl. (•olu...l.ia.. shores, .-spee.allN »- ' ; ""■ ""; ; i, ; ■ llu,lf„l iri,l™.c.„, coveri,,, rni;;':„ ;;: i:;l'ir;:t ::•':; ■ '•-•'•"■> '-■ ""-' ""•"'■ .nnkei-s eiiri(>sitv deale.-s and oth.'rs. ""^The following is a list of the n.o.-e .n.portant spee.es of .UW ,noU»sra fo....d in British Columbia waters. . , , , , „ . Native oyster, awrca /»/•,./.. Carpe..ter ^ I'cctcn ca,ni„.s,(,ouh\ ^_^^^^^^ Prchn hnslal„s >.hy [n^Mop. P,cti II nihidiis, Ili.Kls M.is-sel Myliliis ,alifoniia,nis, ("o..rad Mussel Mylilus nhilis, Lm„. "^^^^^j^; Caiiliiiiii riii-his, Mai-ty.. ^^^^^^ Siuiiloiiiiis nlfiaiiloii". l'><"s'> f^,^^^^^ Mai'iinn iiKiiiiiinln Clam. Mamma ii(i'<iil<i, t'oi.i'ad ^,^^^^^ IU.ritl,a,riis.la,rnunn\ R^.or eWi.n. Sili,,i,a iialnla, D.xon ^ ^^^^ Trisus iiiitlalli, Conrad _ Soft-shell ela.n. Mya arenaria, I.mne Hard-shell ela.a. Paphia si a mi 11(11. * on.'aa Paiiopaia lu inmsa, (iould P< nitrUa iiiiiila, Conrad Poiililhi iiviiiih", tio.dd Ziii>luua (lahbi, Tryon ■ .^j^^j^ Piirpiisn criapata, Chemn Piirpii la liiiKi, Mai-tyn ■ • ' Purpura Sa.riii>la, \'al KISHKKIKS OF HKITISH COLLMHIA -i5 Littoriiia sifkaiia, Phil Periwinkle. Liltoriim sciitulatc, Gould Periwinkle. Acmava pi rsoiiala, Kst-h Acmara patina, Kscii Acuiara prlfn, Escli Acmai a inifra, K.sdi Ifaliiili.'i h'anilsrluilhaiia, Jonas Abaloric tii- Kar-nlit'll. Cihihjiis (Cruptorhitiiii, Knihrrina and others) Ortitpiis piiiictafus, Gabb Cuttlefish. ."^.laiiy species of wliali'S oci iir oflf tlie coa.st of British Columbia. In fact sperm whales are occasionally captured, some of which liave been ffifjantic specimens exceeding a liuridrcd feet in length. In former years, the sdiools of wliales were of no value to tlie Province, hut the action of the Dominion (ioverinnent, by its encourage- ment of whale factories on modern principles, will create a larfre and remunerative industry all aloii}; the coast. One of these Pacific whales will yield, on an average. 50 to 80 barrels of oil and 41^ to o tons of dried g\iano; a!id furnishes numerous other products when treated by the most recent mechanical and chemical methods. Oil fertilizer, leather, glue, catwied "beef" (prepared whale- fi.sh put up in beef cans) and even condensed milk from the female whale are among the products yielded by these itioiistrous creatures. The companies opei'ating make tremendous profits since, by the latest improved methoils, it is pos.sible to take the large and very numer- ous inferior whales that were formerly neglected; wliile the adoption of mechanical reduction processes secures the utilization not only of the blubber and wiialebone, but also of the flesh, blood, massive viscera, etc.. formerly cast away, to be devoured by voracious sharks, seals, and other such irdmbitants of the deep. Inland '''''•' f"'!""' h\kvs of Hritish Columbia, while l)eing emin- Lakes ently suited to the production of food tisli of many kitids. Fisheries |^^ ^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ present tune, supply them in any large (pianti- ties. with the exception of trouts. For some time, however, the tJoveni- ment has been consitlering the introduction of the true whitefish (Citre- 'imuis chipdfnrmin) of the Great hikes, into this Province, The native whitefish exists i'l most of the Rritish Columbia lakes, notably Atlin lake, but it .seldom attains a weight exceeding two pounds, and is not as good a mercantile commodity as the whitefish that is indigenous to llie Eastern lakes. There seems to be no reason, moreover, why the latter f^sh should not thrive in tlie lakes of this Province, the most access- ible waters for the planting of it being the Kootenay, Okanagan. Shuswap and TIarri.son lakes. The whitefish has prospered wonderfully in lake I' 1" -n 4„ COMMTSSION OF CONSERVATION Manitoba a.ul its int.o.iuetion should he attended with like success in British Coluiiihia. If experinieats in this direction prove to he successful, the commence- ment of a larjjc i«dus(v> will have been made, since not only wiH there be a great market .n British Columbia, but also in the North West. Injurious The principal natural caus.s of destruction to the fish Fishes ^,,. j,„. i3rovincc, and the salmon in particular, are the dog- fish and the l>air-seal. Bolh of these pests exist in great numbers, the seals ,..owding the estuaries of the rivers and causing treuu-ndous havoc anu.H- the in.M.M.inf: salmon. In sonu- years especmlly. the loss ol hsh du.. 10 the depred-timis of seals is very extensive. The danger attendn.g the wholesah- slHM.ting of these n.aratulers in the Eraser estuary how- ever renders their externdnation extremely difficult, but ,t ,s to be hoped that'soMK- s.l,enM. M.ay be .h'viscd that may l>rove etfectiv. n. thts dire.'- tioii. The dogfish, too. are responsible for i large amount of destruction anmng the fish. and. u.ifortunately. there has so far been no syste.nat.c eff,.rt tnade to lessen the destructive depredations ot this voracums out- law. Establislunents such as exist on the Atla.ttic. for the reduet.on of dogfish, are urgently lu-eded. Other .-anses of destruction among fish, such as the dumping of mill refuse i.ito streams and lakes, are being overcome as -onstant supcrv.smn [s ..xercised by Covcrnn.ent officials, the offenders ben.g dealt w,th ac- cordingly. The swarms of trout whi,-h follow up tlm spawni.ig saln.on are a souree of great trm.hlc to hatchery officials for they ravenously devour vast quantities of sabnon eggs, thereby working great havoc ,n the hateherv streams. Then- an- sn n.anv eauses of destruction an.ong the eggs and fry of salnmn that everything possible should be done to lessen tl.e .U.tru,-t,on .•idie such str.nnons efforts are being n.a.h- to P-^''-, ' ^^j^^" ^ , ^ dnstrv bv n.eans ..f hatcheries. The trout ts a very useful an 1 x. 1 fish ii. its proper phfc. but its prese.-e is by no n,eans to be desu.d where salmon are spawning. Sv,MoN--It seems to have be.m the ,'eneral opinion in ,1,.. nast that the s,>ort of sahnm, fishing it. this "•"»<•"•>;;•«;; ,„, ,vortl, trving. but of late years it has been dis. over-d t at tbis is ernu.eous and pc.ple have been con.ing >-- ^[[""'f ,;;;;: 'v^rhl to fish. It .nay be true that the sabnm, ge.u.rall.v yll ""* "^ " h flv but under .ertain .•onditions of the water, the sn.all speces eallcd British Columbia Game Fish "ISIIKKIIS Ol- iiUITlSH lOl.lMlllA 47 the I'oho liHs Ih'cii kimwii to rise freely, and tlicre are several authentic eases of spring salmon liaviiifr lieen cauKiit in lil<e manner. However, even if the fish eaiinot he eansrht witli the fly. there is no (loulit that they «ill jrive troixl sport to those wiio like troUinsr. Tlie eoho. tiiouirh ranginj,' in weight only up to about ten pounds, is a most lively fish, and hy the use of a rod and light taekle gives exeellent sport hefore he is gaffed. Canipliell river has. at present, the name of being the l)est for game fishing, thdiigh there are many other places as good in the Province. The fishing there l)egiiis in July. .\t first, otdy the colic, are to be caught and they come in great numbers. .M out the end of July, however, the big tyec sidiiion appear: tliey average about 4.'> poniicls and have been caught on a rod u|) to 72 pounds. The best salmon fishing is obtained from Jamniry to April. At this time of tile year, flic spring salmon arc to be I'fiught ami tlicy arc then in the pink of condition and afford excellent sprirt, though the catch may not be as large as it is pos.sible to make later on in the year. The man who has time then to go to Port Simp.son will t)e well rewarded. l{arkle.\ sound also has good fishing: while within cas\ reach of Vancouver, good spring fishing can be had at Pender harbour and Seehelt, During Septcmlx r and Octolier the cohos run in great numbers in Vancouver and Victoria harbours and six or seven fish in an afternoon's fishing is (piite ; common occurrence. A few spring salmon are also caught al this time. Trout Attempts have been made to give a list of the lakes and streams of the Province to be reconunended for fishing, but this is (|uite hopeless as it is difficult to discrimiimte. .\s with everythini; else, there are favorite loi'alities. but in respect t<) trout alone, nearh every part of the Province luis its attractions. On Vancouver island, one of the best trout streams that is easy of access is the Oyster river, a short distance north of Comox. The Campbell river .stands out p oniinently also as a good trout stream. Closer to Victoria. Shawnigan lake and Cowichan river and lake afford excellent fishing. On the mainland, good lishingcan be obtained at Frederic arm. while from Seehelt the streams at the head of the narrows and Salmon arm can be reached. Close to \'an couver. Capilano and Seymour creeks will still give a few splendid fish The Sipiamish can also l)e rcarhcd ni a short time from the same place Ooing farther into the interior. Vale and IIo|)e have good streams, ami Sevoiias. whcit the water is in ciuiditinii. wiii furnish exccljeni spnrl. Taking the whole country into consideration, it is difticidt to beat the Kootenay f(»r Irout since almost every stream there has good fishing and some of them contain ennrmous charr. 18 COMMISSION or CONSKinATlON In uortlitTii waters, nearly all the streanm have ({uautities of gray- ling, rangin}; from one to two pouiulH in weight. They rise readily to the fly, and, while hardly to be compared with the trout for sport, are well worth i'atiliin<r. Near Atlin the fishing is exeellent, and at Taku. which is just aeross the lake from the town, a basket of fifty fish would not be considered any very large catch. There are several large cold-storage plants in operation in the Province which greatly facilitate the handling of salmon and halibut. Three of these establishments are situated on the Skeena river, being operated in conjunction w^ith canneries. There are also two on the Fraser river, one of these — owned by the British Colum- bia Packers' Association — being an especially large, up-to-date and well- equipped establishment. Revenue ^''"^ following shows the revenue and expenditure of the and Uovernmciit of Hritish Columbia in respect of fisheries for the Expenditure ^,^^^ ^^^jj^^g ^^^^^^ gj^^ ^g^Q. Revenue Licenses issued, — 12 trap at $25 $ 300.00 75 cannery or fish-packing at $100 7,500.00 4,708 fishing at $5 28,540. 00 Total revenue $31,340.00 ExPENorruRE Total expenditure $21,728.03 .r Salm< Cod Lobi Her Hal Wt Mg Se H PRODUCTION OF CHIEF COMMERCIAL FIS: < KiKureH K'ven in pou Kill') of KiHh .. ,, , I'rinir I'jlward Nova Si-otiii N' " lirmi.-wick Inland i,;iirl>ec Salmon Cod Lobsters Herring Halibut Whitefish Mackerel Smelts. Haddoel Pickerel Trout Sardine^ Hake Pikf Claras, Quahauns, Srallop-^ Pollock Oysters. . Eels. . . .Mewives 646,3()<l 1, -.27, 090 4,120 994,602 56,150.971 >-. 400,200 2.175,000 18.276,900 11. 900. 422 ;<.yss,560 2.440,898 1,046,420 ;{(•>, 27.S,Wil :?7.40,'>.620 2,434,719 4 .507,910 1. ■.;.">'.», 7 11! ii;j,."><X) 1,370 151,725 2.000 27,780 10,(K)7,51O 4:51.400 308,000 1,329,800 7IS,;{o4 7.2f>S,(KX) S.57,o50 263,400 21.289,042 3,07.'>.:)00 103.700 199,700 .... ti;{ , ixx) 77,625 1 1 1SS,212 201.300 25,9<>0 154,750 j ^T *>fi7 0(H» 6,000 '; 9,897,29:^ 2,291.515 941.110 35,400 1,334,200 73,000 ;j,.55.S,4()(l 9,477,501) 343,20<» 12. 583. SOI) 2,643,000 3,868,000 24,000 2,703,800 590.200 636. SO') 110,000 567,400 1,970,000 3,O90.O<») 100,000 CIAL FISH. BY PROVINCES, IN 19M ven in pounds) OiitHnci Mitnitoliu Sukatcbcwuii Alberta and Yukon 9, 388, MS 3,124,972 .5,162,912 2,345,296 ! 34,102 5,750,400 4,500 3,067,100 183,000 110,000 SIS.OOO 138, S74 4,679,235 i J62,100 1,930,000 1,104,308 77,330 68,750 618,341 British Columbia Total 66,480,070 eO,79S,7SS 1,082,700 86,085,771 19,466,300 68, 449,700 148,664,408 21,706,(100 31), 232, 308 ! 12,406,423 12,076,710 314,700 9,422,904 24,727,942 9,273,627 212,6(0 6,118,984 63,273,900 13,165,318 6,918,737 1,386,600 18,887,000 12,120,800 792, OtX) 7,707,000 1,938,502 6,166,000 .A^MHiMM MMMlM PRODDCTION OF PRINCIPAL COMMERCIAL FISH IK CANADA, (Figures given in pounds) U86-1MB Salmon . Cod. Lobsters. . Herrinp Halibut Whitcfish. Mackerel Smflts Haddock . Pickerel . Trout . •Sardine*. , Hake Pike. Clams, yuahaufi mid Scallops Pollock. Oysters. Eels Alewi vcs 1<<VT !n7,;:i0.:)(>i jr.'.".r»,(Ws 1,735.017 .'?,'.1,s,'<,.5(iO 120,690,134 .').'.! V2,rj.-)S il;f7,2(Ml i;,4oti,-ii'i L-".'.072,5(V) •■>.('>7I ,01)7 I .02-2, Ci-H) b r;..-i29,tHMl 1 1 . 120.-J(K) -'.7.'!7.75.=) 7,IU7.(i!KI ISSfi 12,l)31,JSl IDS, 141. :{()() :'.:i.7.")S, 121 n 1,.'')()3,S72 fi,s09,22;t :iO,4.jS.492 7,2n?t,sss 21 ..<47,4()0 2.r.24,7v-, .■)..5as,41:i .;0.S13,5(M) l,l!M,74;i 1 .4.(S,GiU b 7.!»U4..")(Hi ;2,.';si,o.Ki ;.107.2U('i <;. 777,411(1 1SS7 10,273.(i(i5 107,S88,000 l!t.4S,">.6S7 a 1,711,519 <),840,S.5f) 20.430,641 r..923.41S 21.r.(K>,3lK) 2, 412, .549 .'>.293.,t65 2t'..f)«17,00() •i,o:i4,4f>;> 1 .lf)l,9(i!t lil.2!IO,2i)0 12, 272, (Kill 2.s30..5i»,^ ti .")4it.4()() IHSS 15,242,192 105,n8",7(K) 22,173,77,5 a 1,368,80.*; 10, 189, 8.56 13,155,363 3,723,772 23,718,300 3,484,416 5,717,460 8,470,83.'! 12,267,057 1,500,878 b 12,107,100 11,246,800 6,108,945 5.71.T.O(K1 1880 25,773,839 90,456,000 21,131,233 143,934,881 1,903,115 9,806,422 13,186,112 5,011,058 12,566,200 3,264,601 5,941,893 11,902,000 11,950,889} 1,743,444 b 7,719,600 12,609,800 2,798,473 7,494,oOO 1890 24,688,994 85,773,400 25,055,984 97,569,806 1,525,130 11,176,582 20,302,764 4,735,517 13,301,700 3,142,189 6,651,866 6 9,501,054 1,601,702 b 6,838,700 11,335,200 2,902,851 S. 553, 200 li9\ 1892 20,254,511 84,983,800 26,910,167 92,697,450 2,719,697 11,763,841 28,018,181 6,552,101 15,017,000 2,000,679 6,030,243 b 12,524,575 1,811, 357 b 8,124,800 12,206,400 1,699,496 S,fi23,4(K) 17,712,029 88,018,400 24,549,408 84,768,615 3,430,809 23,776,763 19,145,130 4,719,103 16,757,800 3,803,190 7,315,219 b 11,736,217 9,682,670 b 7,429,400 11,100,000 1,884,056 7,530..S0O 1803 37,803,050 1,078,078 28,360,213 82,641,704 2,840,610 21,300,280 15,764,407 8,283,481 13,323,400 3,848,304 6,604,630 20,426,800 10,842,339 8,737,606 6 8,052,700 10,216,000 2,692,960 9,456,200 1804 :tO,337,S95 93,060,400 28,463,693 113,014,821 3,481,270 14,864,170 12,420,472 8.087,070 14,217,490 7,610,425 7,026,883 27,366,600 10,320,700 3,070,484 b 8,875,800 9,026,400 2,646,060 12,694,000 i 1S95 34,553,127 80,806,300 27,093,592 123,001,608 3,077,350 14, 249,. 399 9,170,036 0,022,157 12,306,800 7,678,411 7,134,116 37,617,800 7,300,331 3,502,075 4,004,400c 5,050,700 9,534,600 2,906,070 9.621.600 1896 35,900,015 81,129,800 28,882,638 131,304,426 3,672,626 13,374,000 0,080,072 9,970,805 13,628,200 6,897,810 6,050,086 17,306.200 9,550,667 3,604,790 3,058,200c 8,878,100 9,714,800 2,504,135 10,523,200 1807 66,270,101 97,616,700 36,313,6.54 112.925,772 3,177,138 11.268,889 6,410,058 8,563,380 27,706,315 7,463,137 6,544,527 31,661,000 13,808,830 3,883,383 b 18,8So,tJ00 8,044,400 2,477,683 9,483,000 ISOS 31,042,125 71,669,700 45,568,004 92,863,858 3,897,765 10,670,651 7,656,742 8,403,839 20,411,123 5,737,277 7,147,065 36,367,000 14,850,707 3,653,081 420,200c 7,235,400 10,731,200 2,176,305 7,971,200 1890 45,003,208 03,600,700 26,055,110 122,060,036 3,780,605 11,024,178 8,266,669 8,833,200 20,420,828 6,416,994 8,887,606 46,670,400 24,136,032 5,838,437 b 12,154,300 8,102,000 2,013,665 6,765,400 1000 40,435,009 90,081.700 29,462,190 95,132,848 6,190,120 12,460,258 18,104,772 0,500,105 17,050,925 6,065,829 6,816,030 23,031,600 20,816,861 3,178,688 b 10,812,500 8,384,000 2,260,781 8,100,600 '1 Inforni.'ilioii L'ivcii in numlwrH of lisli, b No retiinis inidp for then- years. r ''lam'^ 'iiiK . iini [uniri'l-. :inil cannot I here' re be reckoucii in teriii- of weight. ISO! 1902 |f principal COMMBRCIAL pish in CANADA, IMS-IMB (Figures jtiven in pounds) r 73,707,656 47,431, 358H H96 1897 1898 IMS 1000 1901 1902 1900 1904 1906 j 1906 190,- ! 1908 1909 100,781,200 100,520,600 H ,'.,999,015 55,270,191 31,042,125 45,003,208 40,436,999 73,707,686 47,431,358 i 9Df ^0o ,«toH 44,394,890 84,830,030 54,822,666 49,670,087 44,793,018 69,796,768 Salmon 26,476,104 23,553,521 H 1,129,H()() 97,616,700 71,669.700 93,590,700 90,081,700 100,781,200 100,520,600 83,929,800 80,832,086 76,066,700 69,666,79.'. 76,625,200 75,827,100 86,085,771 Cod 90,268,06S 87,348,099 H S,S82,63S 36,313,0.54 45.568,994 25,955,110 29,462,190 26,476,104 23,553,521 21,456,858 21,867,088 25.899,024. 20,241,764 18,409,510 20,748,797 19,466,300 Lobetere 6,790,711 9,962,917 H fl, 304, 426 112,925,772 92,863,858 122.060,036 96,132,848 99,268,068 87,348,099 88,983,215 88,826,454 96,000,920 109,017,847 98,465,857 i 130,046,624 148,554,408 Hening 13,843,945 14,415,220 H :j, 672, 625 3,177,138 3,897,765 3,789,605 6,190,129 6,790,711 9,962,917 11,430,128 14,486,145 10,618,062 15,665,410 15,578,986 ' 19,214,013 23,232,308 Halibut 16.459,015 9,600,376 H 3,374,000 11.268,889 10,670,651 11,024,178 12,486,258 13,843.945 14,415,220 14,034,420 16,488,740 14,548,310 12,293,710 8,853,660 10, .358, 734 12,405,423 Whitefish. . . 9,717,479 9,170.240^1 9.980,972 6,419,058 7,656,742 8,266,669 18,194,772 16,459,015 9,600,376 18,562,526 8.302,306 11,015,868 15,320,025 11,344.740 16,113,940 12,076,710 Mackerel 22,704,669 17,783,7S3^H 9,970,805 8,563,389 8,403,8.39 8,833,260 9,500,105 9,717,479 9,170,240 9,616,075 .S, 971, 676 8,662,950 8,459,006 10,470,324 7,501,906 9,422,904 Smelus 8,902,082 10,197,015^ 13,628,200 27.706,315 20,411,123 20,420,828 17,959,925 22,704,669 17,783,783 17,573,383 18,687,000 24,195.184 21,521,366 22,769,735 20, 5:), 219 24, 727, 942 Hwidoek 6,946,360 6,543,05a ■ *6, 897, 810 7,453,137 5.737,277 6,416,994 6,055,829 8.902,082 10,197,915 10,233,340 10,757,640 10,966.825 9, 924,770 7, 689,. «r2 6,298,011 9,276,627 Pickeml 49,171,200 34,422,300 H f>,9.')0,986 5,544.527 7,147,965 8,887,606 8,816.030 6,946,380 8,543,053 7,669,927 8,215,796 8,288.878 8,(B7,177 6,944,218 7,211,246 6,118,984 Trout 11,772,182 10,188,765 H I7,3'i6,200 31,661,000 36,367,000 45,670,400 23,031,600 49,171 300 34.422,300 39,047,900 67,079,200 72,423,200 49,480,200 58,300,000 62,181,600 53,273,90^ Sardines 6,427,685 6,599,5:il) H 9.550,667 13,898,830 14,859,707 24,136,632 20,816,Hfll 11,772,182 10,188,765 10,17*,iytl 44,398,333 17,483,106 12,763,800 18.498,395 18,530,273 13.166,318 Hake 6 ''1 3,594.790 3.883,383 3,653,981 5,838,437 3,171, 888 6,427,685 6,599,530 6,325,425 6.963,900 6,337,860 5,625,500 5,677,7:J0 r.,539,72t) 6,918,737 Pike CUma, Quahaugs and 11,357,900 12,529,100 H 3.958.200c » 429,200f » * b 6 I 6 b b 6 b 1 137,901,400 18,887,000 ScaUopiT 8,824,400 7,458,400 H S. 878, 100 18.865,600 7,235,400 12,1.t4,300 10,812,500 U, 857.900 12,529,100 12.509,600 11,787,900 16.151,600 14,.S66,200 13,772,500 11,320 ,UK.> 12,120,500 PoUook 2,268,470 1,997,908 H 9.714,800 8,944,400 10 731,200 8,102,600 8,3M,(IW) S, 824, 400 7,458.400 7,151,400 7,597,48« 6,889,800 6,471,000 1 5,459,800 7,005,400 7,707.000 Ojt/tan 6,971,400 0.312,800 H 2,504,135 2,477,683 2,175,305 2,013,665 2,269,7«1 2,288,470 1,997,908 2,248,450 2,417,900 2,386,560 2,403,410 i 2,173,600 2,088,395 1,938.502 E«h I 1(>.,V23,200 9,4.S3,f)(Hl 7,971 .200 6.765,400 8.100,600 6.971.400 9,312.800 fi. 682, 200 7.780,800 6,082,000 6,311,600 5,978,400 5.688,010 5.166,000 .\lewive6 -- "i