IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 - IIIIIM lis — t m I.I 1.25 1.4 IIM [2.0 !.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ ,\ \\ ^>>* wNuipiiviianp^pv- Jl'U*» .1 Wi|^ f a testim:onx OF THE -SCRIPTURES TO THEIR DIVINE INSPIRATM. A rrt BY THE HON. JUDGE MARSHALL, OF NOVA SCOTIA. LONDON: OEOEGE BUBN8, PiaNTEE, ED0WABE EOAB MDCCCLXV. rh ■"» I ' r - c.q 6 ' — rT~ TESTIMONY OF THE SCRIPTURES TO THEIR DIVINE INSPmATM. BY THE HON. JUDGE MARSHALL, OF I^OVA SCOTIA. LONDON: GEOEGE BUENS, PEINTEE, EDGWAEE EOAD. MDCCCLXV. 1 u a INTRODUCTION. During the present age, our Divine Christianity has been undergoing an opposition, dilforoiit in many of its modes and aspects from any which it ever before experienced, and in quarters from whence its authentic and inspired character was never before assailed. Its earliest opponents, both Jews and Gentiles, denied altogether its divine origin and truth, and asserted it to be a mere humanly fabricated and false system. Such was the professed ground of op- position to it by the Jewish priesthood, and by heathen philosophers and writers — such as Celsus, Porphyry, Julian, and others. Similar were the attacks in modern ages, and in christian countries, by Boling^ roke, Gibbon, Hume, Paine, and several other open adversaries. In all such instances, the opponents either denied altogether revealed religion, or did not profess Christianity in any form. Within the earliest period of the christiu'^ church — even in the time of the Apostles — denials of some of the most essential truths of Christianity, and heresies of various kinds arose, and became more or less prevalent. All this was foretold by our omniscient Lord, in his parable of the 'Hares" being sown, by "an enemy" among the "wheat;" and when he informed his disciples, that "many false prophets shall arise, and shall deceive many." The inspired Paul also declared, (Acts xx. 29) "grievous wolves shall enter in among you, not sparing the flock. Also of your own c5gS33 4 INTIIODUCTION. solves shall mon ari«o, speaking porvorse things, to cbaw away tho cHsciplos after thorn:" and again in 1 Tim. iv. 1, -''The Spirit spoakoth expressly, that m the latter times 8ome shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of devils." Also Peter has writ- ten, m 2 Eph. ii. 1,-- There were false prophets also among tho people, even as there shaH be false teachers among you, who privHy shall bring in damnable heresies, &c. The Apostles John and Jude also have given similar prec ictions and warnings. AU these prophecies have been lulfalhng, by the numerous forms and systems of heresy which have arisen during the several ages of the church, down to the present day. In nearly all the instances, however, of such heresies, their authors and adherents acknowledged the authentic and inspired character of the Scriptures, both of the Old and New Testament. Their false tenets chiefly consisted in applying erroneous mean- ings to certain passages of Scripture, which they cited as supporting and confirming those tenets. It is in our own advanced and more generaUy enlightened era of Chi^istianity, that rather a numerous class of persons, of literary pursuits and habits m several countries, and strangest of aU, many of them holding some of the highest positions in christian churches, are found arrayed against the most vital truths of dmne revelation. Such is the profane and disgraceful spectacle, which for a considerable time past has been ex- hibited in Gemany, and recently in England, com,>ara- tively one of the most evangelicaUy christian nations. The writings and other efforts of those persons, especiaUy of the clerical class of them, form the most amazing, as weU as profanely wicked, of aU the attempts yet made to undor- mme and injure pure scriptural Christianity. But the l^rd omnipotent- the gracious Head of the Church- reignethandruleth; and his promise, that "the gates of INTRODUCTION. O noil sliall not prevail against it," must and wiU bo ful- filled. Ho lias over (iualifiod and sont forth ablo advocates and supporters of his cause, who have vindicated and shown the authenticity and inspired truth of his benign revelation. Such a vindication is now being conducted against the present singularly wicked opponents of that revelation, and it is to be hoped with some good success, notwithstanding the abounding ungodliness, immorality, and other evil iniluonces of the age. The author of this brief essay is desirous of assisting, though it may only be in some humble measure, in this sacred controversy on behalf of revealed truth. Tliis he proposes to do by shewing the inspired character of both the Old and the Now Testament Scriptures, fi-om their infernal evidence ; and as the fii'st revelation is chiefly assailed, more especially show, the inspiration of tliat sacred code, by the numorons references and testimonies con- cerning it, contained in the latter revelation. A plain exliibition of such references, by this latter to the former canon, and of the connection and harmony of the two, seems well adapted to instruct and assist sincere believers in the truth of the Scri^itures generally, but who are not yet so fuUy informed in their most essential truths, and inspired character, and consec[Uont agreement, as to be perfectly guarded against the sceptical and profane objections and delusive fallacies, now being so frequently advanced against the inspiration and truth of divine revela- tion generall;^. Most unhappily there are also, even in this advanced age of science and literature, and of abounding public means of religious instruction, vast numbers who, though occasionally or even regularly, attending on those means, are yet, as to reUgious or spiritual subjects, so careless, or so infected and infatuated with a spu'it of mammon, and mere worldliness of feeling " XA'THODUCTIOy. and conduct, that they still remain greatly ignorant of a scriptural knowledge of even the primary and most essential doctrines and otlior truths of the religion they profess. To this numerous class, most especially, may such an exliibition of scripture testimonies to its own inspired character, and of its consequent harmony through- out, be readily and generaUy useful for information on those most important points, and for assisting to forearm and secure them against every attempt to impeach or lessen the authority of the sacred oracles. The earlier books of the Old Testament Scrintures, especially the fi^st five, caUed the Pentateuch, have been the chief objects of the attacks of the present infidel writers ; but some, if not all of them, have also advanced similar objections and denials as to the inspiration and truth of portions of the New Testament. This, indeed is quite consistent with their denial of the authenticity and inspiration of those earlier books of the previous canon, for it must be quite evident to every person, though but generaUy acquainted with the Scriptures, and the direct bearing of the one canon on the other, and the numerous references in the latter to the first, concerning narratives and events, and the intimate connection between the two, that if the first records are incorrect and invaUd those New Testament Scriptures which so refer to them' are, of course, equally erroneous and unreliable. Those adversaries are weU aware of this state of the whole siD^ject, though, all of them are not yet quite so bold and profane as to make such plain and direct attacks on the Scriptures of the New Testament, as they have made on the previous revelation. Some of them, however, in the " Essays and Reviews," and especially Dr. Colenso, have m several mstances advanced, more or less plainly, such inipeachments of the inspiration and veracity of portions i:fTRODUCTION. of the New TeBtament. One of those adversaries has said, that none of the writers of these latter Scriptures, " has declared his own inspiration : " and this assertion has been made in the face of the numerous plain Scripture testi- monies, shewing that the gift of inspiration was bestowed on those writers, and also of their own declarations, as will presently be seen, that both their oral teachings, and their writings, were of an inspired character. To meet these last mentioned objections, it will be well, in the first place, to give some of such Scripture proofs of the inspira- tion of those first gospel messengers, and also of all their writings. This will the better prepare the way for more readily and conclusively shewing — by the references from the New to the Old Testament Scriptures, and the citations in the former from the latter — the inspiration and consequent perfect veracity of that first code of revelation. But before commencing with this proposed plan of procedure, it may be useful to remark, that those adversaries have not yet gone the length of denying that the New Testament Scrip- tures we now possess, are the real records of Christianity and were composed during its earliest age, and have ever been held by the christian churches as such early records. Not only the first historians of Christianity, and other writers on christian subjects, such as Polycai-p, Ignatius, Justin, Treneus, TertuUian, and Eusebius mention or refer to most, if not all, of the books of the New Testament, and speak of them as the authentic and inspired records of the christian religion ; but they are also referred to by several merely secular writers, during the same early periods. And, further, they were often mentioned, and passages of them cited or referred to, by Celsus, Porphyry, Julian, and other opponents of Christianity, who in those early ages of its progress wrote against it in their controversies with its public advocates and promoters. These last mentioned 8 ON THE INSPIBATIOX OF adversaries never doubted or deniod the existcnee of these bcriptures, as being the early records of Christianity, but only denied their divinely inspired an I veritable character. With aU such testimonies, the present opponents of the in- spiration of these Scriptures are effectuaUy debarred from .saying that they are the fabrications of later ages This no doubt, some of them would willingly do, had they the least plausible pretence for such an assertion. To every candid and unprejudiced mind, the abundant evidence, both eziemal and mternal, of the impired cha- racter of the New Testament Scriptures, wiU be equaUy as convincing as that regarding their earhj composition and reception by the churches. Some of the principal proofs of that inspiration will now be given, consisting of passages oi these Scriptures. SECTION I. ON THE INSPIRATION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT SCRIPTUllES. ITeiie may first be cited some of the sayimjs of our Lonl himself, bearing more or less directly on the point. Li one of his controversies with the Pharisees he said to them, -Behold I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes, and some of thom ye shall kill and crucify '' Matt, xxiii. 34. Now let us view the invariably well- understood meanings of these three t^imB-prophets, ^ci.o men, and scribes. The ^-ovi^i prophet has a double meanino- but m both he is always scripturally understood to be^^a person supernaturally endowed, rightly informed in reli- gious truth, and divinoly commissioned to toacli it In tlie highest meaning of Wx^, ,vord, he is a person direc-tlv inspired to foret(>ll future events. Some, if not all of tlie writers of the Now Testament Scriptures sustained ])oth of those sacred characters, as several passages of Scripture THE NEW TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES. 9 of these nity, but liaracter. 'f the in- L*ecl from I. This, they the bundant 'ed cha- ually as ion and Toofs of lassages TUllES. r Lord Lt. In said to men, ucify." f woU- !.?, ivine waning, > ])o a n reli- t. In irectly of tlie >oth of ■ipture clearly shew. St. Paul was thus doubly endowed, as fully api^ears in several of his Epistles, especially in 2 Thess. ii., 1 Tim. iv., and 2 Tim. iii. Also Peter, as is seen in Ids 2nd Epistle, chap. ii. Doubtless, indeed, all the twelve Apostles, including Matthias, possessed the same doubly- inspired gifts ; for the Saviour promised — as we see in John xvi. 13 — that when the Comforter — the Holy Spirit — came upon them, He woidd ''shew" them "things to come." This gracious promise of the Spirit was most marvellously and richly fulfilled very shortly after, on the Day of Pentecost, as we find in Acts ii. Under the pre- vious dispensation, Moses, Samuel, David, and nearly all the other inspired writers of the Old Testament Scriptures, were not only divine messengers and teachers of religious truths to the people, but often foretold future events, as we see in many parts of their writings. The words, "wise men," in that passage in Matt, xxiii., must also be taken to mean, divinely c[ualified teachers of religious truths. We all know that the last exiircssion—-" scribes," means writers, and it plainly includes— and doubtless oiu- Lord, by employ- ing it, had reference to all the writers of the books of the New Testament Scriptures, which we now possess, and whom, by His Spirit, which He afterwards repeatedly pro- mised and did bestow, He would inspire, as He said, to bring all things " to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you," and " guide you into all truth," and " shew you things to come" (See John xiv. 26, xvi. 3.) In his interview with them on the day of his resurrection, " He breathed on them, and said unto them, receive ye the Holy Ghost ; " and on another occasion, shortly after, He said to them, " Ya shall be witnesses unto me, both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth" (John xx. 22, Acts i. 8.) In that one text then— in Matt, xxiii.— we have the express c 10 ON THE INSPIEATION OF deelavation of our Lord himself, that Ho \voiild not only send jH-ophets to teach the truths of his religion and to foretell futm-e events relating to it, but also ''scribes" or writers, to record those truths, as well as to teach them oraUi/ : and, by the texts in John and Acts above cited, it clearly appears that they would be inspired by the Holy Spirit to do it, and thus, through their ivritings be "witnesses" for Him, "unto the uttei-most part of the earth." If there were no other passages shewing the inspired character of our New Testament books, and their consequent freedom from any error, those which have been cited and referred to would be quite sufficient not only to confirm the faith of every genuine christian as to that inspiration, but to convince every rational person, professing any belief in Christianity. But further scriptural proofs will now be given. Agi-eeably to those gracious promises of our Lord to bestow the gift of the Holy Spirit on his disciples, we read in Acts ii., that on the Day of Pentecost, when the twelve Apostles, and probably many other diseiplep also, "were all with one accord in one place ;" Matthias in place of the traitor Judas having been added to make up the twelve, the solemn attending circumstances of the fulfilment of those IDromises suddenly and visibly occurred, and "they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues," — tl)fit is, in divers languages — "the wonder- ful wui-ks of God." Thus was gloriously fulfilled not only the repeated projnises of our Lord, but also the long previous prophecy, as the Apostle Peter then declared to these astonished multitude, saying, "Tliis is that which M^as spoken by the prophet Joel, And it shall come to pass in the last days, saith God, I will pour out -of my Spirit upon all flesh, and your sous and yoiu- daughters shall prophecy." With the exception of Mark, Lulce, and Paul, all the THE NEW TESTAMENT SCllIFrUKES. 11 I not only 3n and to scribes'''' or jach them 'Q cited, it the Holy ritinys be irt of the le inspired ionsequent cited and Dnfirm the ration, hut r belief in II now be L' Lord to ?, we read he twelve 10, (( were lace of the welve, the t of those ;hey were peak with e wonder- i not only the long jclared to diich was )ass in tlw )irit upon rophecy." i, aU the writers of the New Testament Scriptures were of the number of those twelve Apostles, and were thus miracu- lously endowed with that precious gift of the Divine spirit of wisdom and truth. Under the influence of that spirit, they ever after continued both to speah and write the truths of Christianity, according to the declaration of our Lord in John xiv. 17,—" He dwelleth with you, and shall be in you;" and also as the Apostle John afterwards ^Pote,— " Hereby we know that He abideth in us, by the Spirit which He hath given us," and " Hereby we know that we dwell in Him and He in us, because He hath given us of his Spirit " (1 John iii. 24; iv. 13.) The words "abideth," "dwell," and "dwelleth," contained in these passages, mean, as wo all know, a constant or permanent residence or state. They, therefore, conclusively shew that the Apostles were constantly under the influence and direction of that Divine Spirit, as falhj when they lorote as when they spohe of the doctrines and precepts, and other truths of Christianity. As regards the inspiration of the gospel by Mark, and that by Luke, and of the book of the Acts of the Apostles, it may well be concluded that these writers were comprehended in the declaration of our Lord before cited—" Behold I send unto you prophets, wise men, and scribes;" and that those writings by them were therefore composed under the same inspiration as the oilier portions of the New Testament Scrip- tures. In further proof of this conclusion, may be men- tioned that the Apostle Peter, at the end of his second epistle, calls Mark, his " son," meaning, his son in the gospel dis- pensation and ministry ; and the highly inspired Paul, in Col. iv. 11, says of Mark and two other brethren— " The. o onlv are mv fellow-worhnen unto the Kingdom of God, which have been a comfort unto me." In the same chap- ter he calls Luke, w1k> v^as then with him, " the beloved 12 ON THE INSPIRATIOX OF nil l>Uys>cian;" and ia 2 Tim. iv. 11, he sap, "Take Mark and b„ug hu„ with thee, for he ia profitable to me for the mm.»try And, in his Epistle to PhUemon, he calls both Mark and Luke his -feUow-labourers," Those two gos- pel books by these Evangelists, and the one called the Acte, by Luke, have never been doubted by any of the been Tm T'''T' '"* '''™ ''•'"" *« >'•»'' -<1 -«'-% been held by them as authentic and i,upired writings and therefore of the same authority as the other parts of the New Testament Scriptures. As to the ««^,>.<,W, of St. Paul, and the impircd cha- racter of aU h.s fourteen Epistles, there is the nfost abun- dant and convincing Scripture testhnony. In chap. ix. of the Acts are given the extraordinary circumstances of his sudden and mu-aculous conversion, by the direct operations of our Lord lumself, who said of him to Anania., who was .entto restore his sight, "he is a chosen vessel unto me to bear my name before the Gentiles and kings, and the chddren of Israel." I„ Acts xiii. 9, it is said o'f ^.^tha he was "filled with the Holy Ghost- and in chaps, x.ii -.d xx«. of tie same book, we have, by himself, two 'Z olTLfTf r"*"" "' ""'' ^'"'™'^'''" -^ du-ect caU by oiu I.ord to the apostolic ministry. He was thus made an unto the utte^ost part of the earth." This testimony, oourse, could only be fully and accurately afforded by t of "s r''"""''^ '"■"*•• "'' *■" ^l''^«- I'^l'-l. '^ pa.t of such msp„.od records, have ever been retained in all the chnstzaa d- .-.rches, and we now have them in their. ong.nal freedom from error, after the lap,se of 1800 yea" smce they were written. ^ As to St. Paid's own testimonv conceruius the insnir-ed character of the gospel wliich he taught, he' mspu'( says in Gal. i. THE NEW TESTAMENT SCUirTUllES. 13 ake Mark ne for the calls both two gos- called the my of the constantly^ "writings, l)arts of nrcd eha- :>st abun- ai>. ix. of es of his perations who Avas into me, and the lim, that ips. xxii. two cor- i call by made an scribes," ■or Him itimony, I'ded by L^aul, as iued in in theii' 3 years aspired Gal. i. 12, "I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ." In 1 Cor. ii., he writes in reference to himself and the other Apostles and ministers of divine tinith,— " Now we have received not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God, that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God ; which things also we speak, not in the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth." In ver. 4 of the same chap, he says of himself, " my speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power;" and further, in chap. iii. 10, he says, " according to the grace which is given unto me, as a wise master builder, I have laid the foundation, and another buildeth thereon." In chap. xiv. 37 of the same Epistle— referring to and including the whole Epistle— he says, "the things that I write unto you are the commandments of the Lord." If the question of the inspired character of St. Paul's other Epistles depended merely on inferential grounds, it would reasonably be concluded that they were all equaUy inspired writings, as that one to the Corinthian church. In chap. iv. 6 of his second Epistle to the same church, he says, " God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Clii-ist." And further, in 1 Thoss. i. 5, he has written,— *' Our gospel came not unto you in word only but also in power, and in the Holy Ghost, and in much assurance ; " and in chap. ii. 13— "when ye received the Word of God, which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the Word of God." The Apostle Peter, in his second Epistle, iii. lo, says of Paul and his Epistles — "Even as our beloved brother Paul also, accord- ing to the wisdom given unto him, hath written unto you ; 14 ON THE INSPIRATION OP nostL- ''? ^''■■''^"''*^ ""■""^""^ "'"t--^ afford mo, dem>ve proof of the inspired character, both of St Paul and of aU his Epistles. As to the impiratim of the Apostle Peter and of his -n mgs .e was one of the eleven to whoan the gift of iZ o«r Lo,d who nchly bestowed it on him and the resi of the twelve on the Day of Pentecost, as shewn in Act " In add.:on to this proof, the Apostle, in refent ! o ^Ph. 1. 1 2, Unto us they did minister the thino-s which m-e now rej-orted unto you, by them that have : eS toaven and m ver. 25-" the Word of the Lord en- dureth for ever. And this is the Word, which by the gospel 18 preached unto you." ^ ^hoL thl ^"~"" ="'" "™ °^ "'^ ^1-- to day, and therefore, the Epistle under his name is of the same tmpmd character as the rest of th» ivr m . SoriT)h,re» rr^ . *"'' "''^ Testament bcr,rtuies. The same is true of the Epistle of Jude and also of he gospel, and the three Epistles, and the boTof first Kntf"" T '* ""^ "' ^''""'™''- «*• J«^. - Ws ftrst Epis le „.. 24, says of himself and his brethren "We W th^ He abideth in us, by the Spirit which He Zl s,.?:.;::;itt' "T"™/"™^" ■" *''" n-' ^-'--* wrote 2so S 7" "^^^ ''''''' ^''^ *° P™« -■^'> wiote these Sc„ptu..es were gifted with diun. i,„pk„Uon, ALL THE OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTUr.ES. 15 of these as afford h of St. i of his ft of the aised by the rest Acts ii. Ting to iays, in s which reached 'R from rd en- hy the son of ven to i they scostal of the ament e, and ook of ere of ed by in his "We ]iath ,ment who (iiou, and composed them according to the guidance of that super- natural and sacred influence. With such explicit testi- monies, therefore, on both those essential points, surely none but the most inveterate and determined unbeliever in the whole of divine revelation, or most prejudiced and un- reasonable person, having any belief in Christianity, can or will think of these Scriptures otherwise than as the inspired oracles of divine truth, and, consequently, through- out free from any 7 man error or imperfection. SECTION II. PASSAGES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT DECLARING IN GENERAL TERMS THE INSPIRATION OF ALL THE OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES, Before exhibiting the Scripture testimonies corresponding with this title, it will bo well to submit a few facts and re- magics by way of what is thought to be needful introductory information, relating to the main subject. And first may be mentioned that the several Old Testament Books which the christian c;hurch has constantly possessed and regarded as that sacred canon, numbering thirty-nine in all, are the identical books which the Jews always held, and still hold, as their inspired and sacred Scriptures. It is fiu'ther proper, and will be useful, to mention some of the arrangements and divisions the Jews made of those books, and the terms they applied to such divisions ; and also to shew that our Lord and the New Testament writers frequently spoke of and referred to them, according to such divisions. One of these, of a special nature, is as follows : — 1. The books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, written by Moses, and generally called the Pentateuch, but often designated by the Jews by the term "law." 2. The books of Joshua and Judges, the two books of Samuel and the two of Kings. 3. The latter Prophets, which com- 16 TTrE IXSri RATION OF ALL prise Isaiah, Jereminh, E^^eldel, and the twelve minor propliots. 4. The Hagiogi-apha, or Holy WvitingB, which include the Psalms, Provc^rbs, Job, Canticles, Euth, Lamen- tations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra. Nehemiah, and the two books of Chronicles. It wiU be seen that the books included in these divisions, are the same in name and numler as the books wJiich the christian church has constantly possessed, and which we noio hold as the Old Testament Scriptures. Another Jewish division of the whole of their sacred books was made and understood under the terms — "The Law," -The Prophets," and -The Psalms;" aiid most probably it T;'as to tliis division that our Lord had reference ^A'hen ho said to the disciples, in the inter- view he had with tliem on the day of his resurrection,—" All things must be fulfilled which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning- me" (Luke xxiv. -11.) Son-jtimes the Jews referred to the whole of the sacred writings under the one word '' law," as in John xii. 34,-'' The people answered him we have hoard out of the law, thf;t Christ abideth for ever." These words are not in any part of the Pentateuch, but are in Psalm ex. 4. The Apostle Paul also, in 1 Cor. xiv. 21, applied the same word to a passage in Isa. xxviii. 11, 12. They also frequently sj.oke of all their inspired books as ''We •Scripture," or "the Scriptures," as in Luke xxiv. {}2, and John vii. 42. Our Lord, and also tho writers of the New Testament boolcs, often referred to those of the Old Testa- ment under the same term— " Scriptures." Li many places also, as a further designation of those -Scriptures, and especially in the Psalms, they are comprehended in the term " Word," as in Psa. cxix-" thy Word have I hid in mine heart;" " thy AVord is a lamp unto my feet;" "thy Word is very pure ;" and the like in several other 'psahns, and also m some of the historical and prophetical books. Having submitted these explanations, there will now ALL THE OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES. 17 vo minor gfi, whicli I, Lamen- liah, and the books id numher •onstantly i'estament e of their terms, — is;" and jord had le inter- i,— "All e la\r of icerning 'd to tho law," as re, hoard ie words I Psalm ai)plied They IS ''the ^2, and le New Testa- many |itures, y in the hid in ' "thy >salm8, rs. 1 now first be given some of the principal references by our Lord and the New Testament writers to the Old Testament Scriptures, under general dssignatiom, clearly shewing their inspired character throughout. In the sermon on the Mount, our Lord said, "Tiiink not that I am come to destroy the laAV or the prophets ; I am not come to destroy but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle ^^^hall in no wise pass from the law tiU all be fultiUed" (Matt. v. 17, 18). Here He plainly recognized all those Scriptures Ho referred to, as inspired and truthful records. These, under the most limited construction of the words, must be taken to comprehend the first five books, called the Pentateuch, and all the sixteen prophetical books ; but it is quite reasonable to conclude that his words include the Psalms, and other books of the Old Testament Scriptures. He afforded the same recognition in saying to the Sadducees, — "Ye do err, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God" (Matt. xxii. 29). The same in Mark xiv. 49, by the words, — "The Scriptures must bo fulfilled." In Luke xxiv. 27, 44, 45, are the following passages : — " And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself." " All things must be fulfilled which were written in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning me. Then opened he their understanding, that i\iQy might under- stand the Scriptures." Li the first text, where it is said , *' beginning at Moses," it is of course meant that He began at the writings of Moses, which are the first five books of the Bible, and which are the only writings, which have ever been cerfainh/ held as /i/.v, either by the J(?wish or christian church. Tho several terms our Lord c unployod m the foregoing passages, — "law of Moses," "prophets, "psalms," and "all the Scriptures," include the whole of 18 ON THE ixspihatiox of tho a Testament Book., all of wlu.h Ho thus reeoguized as authentic and impired wnting,, and as containing divine prediction, and truth, concerning Himself, some of which were then being fulfiUed. In like manner our Lord had reference to the whole of the Old Testament books, and recognised theiv in>pirei, and «msoquei.tly<™tfj/-„; character, by saymg to the Jews,-" Search the Scriptures, for in theni ye think ye have eternal life, anu they are they which testfy of me" (John v, x.xix). If these words are taken in the „ul,«iti,-e sense, as some contend, tho conclusion must be the same, as to that recopution by our Lord „f all those Scriptures being authontic and imphed. These are only mm of such recognitions by " God manifest in the flesh We next find Stephen, the first christian martyr. Ml of faith and of the Holy Ghost" as declared iu Acts VI. 5, referring to the five books of Moses as "livelv " or rather "living oracles," in his speech recorded in L succeeding chapter, reciting the early history of the nation. Here it may be remarked, that every wi-iting stvled an «rachx. always, by the very tei-in, considered and' under- »t<.od to be of a mpirnaturd or imph-ed character. It is evident, therefore, that it was in that sense Stephen, under that high divine inspiration, used those words, regarding the cominands and other truths Mo.ses had directly received from God, and as Stephen declared, " to give unto us," meaning the people of his nation ; and these oracln Mos^s Old, by his writings, penmnenthj secure to them. Wo find the same word orach, used by the Ajiostle Paul-in a far more extended sense, and so as to include all tiie Old Testament Scriptures-in the passage in Eom. iii. 2, where m refon-ing to the high advantage of the Jews over all other p«„j,k, 1,3 ,t^^3^ .^ ^^ ^^_ ,.^j^.^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ mito diem were committed the oracles of God." Also in Heb. v. 12, and 1 Pet. iv. I,, those Scriptures are caUed, ALL THE OLD TK8TAMENT SCRTI'TURES. 19 the "oracles of God," as being the records of divine revela- tion. In 2 Tim. iii. 15, they are called *wn the Holy Scriptiu-es, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation, through faith which is in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished, unto all good works." This last passage has an evident connection with the preceding verse, in which it is said to Timothy, "from a child thou hast known the Holy Scriptures," meaning all the present Old Testament Scriptures, all of which, and no others, had ever been held by the Jews as inspired writings, and which the Apostle here, by the ex- pression, "Holy Scriptures," recognises as such sacred records. By the words in the next verse,— "All Scripture is given by inspiration of God," he evidently had reference to the same "Holy Scriptures," or Old Testament books, mentioned in the previous verse, and all of which the christian church, like the Jewish, has always held as such inspired Scriptures. A further proof of the miiheniic and inspired character of all tliese Scriptures, is found in the following passage in Eom. XV. 4 ;— " For whatsoever tilings were written afore- time, were written for our learning, that we, through ]>atience and comfort of the Scriptures, might have hope." These words, like tlie previous expressions in Timotliy, evidently relate to, and include all the Old Testament 20 ON THE INFiriUATION OF, ETC. 1 hooks. Theso nnmoroiis, plniu and omphatir dosigimtioim of these Soriptures, clearly show that thoy are indeed dhinrly Impired and truthful recordn. With no consiHtency or propriety could tliey bo called "oracles of God," and ''Holy Scriptures," if any of them contained the loa«t portion oifahulous or mere legmdurn nuittor, or any human m-or, or untrue statement. It would ho profanely deroga- tory to tJie character of the intinitely wise, holy, an.l benevolent Gor Bin, are burned without the camp." ^o:. xxix. U. Also Lev. iv. 11, 12; Numb. xix. 3. , x n ,i ^ ; ,. V -'' The Lord having saved the people out of th W of Egypt, afterward destroyedthem that bel.ve .. .. -4 oa A Uo Numb. XIV. 3/ xxm. not." iiiP. xii. 41; xxxii. 28. AIsoxxuiul. 64, 65. LEVITICUS. Matt viii. 4.-" Show thyself to the in-iest, and offer the .ift that Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them. ,.S :- Also Marh .ii. .1 ; Lul.o .. 27 (L) ; Eom xm !! Gahv.t.; also iu James ii. S, .here .t .saul, the roYBl law according to scripture." Lev. xix. 18. 'l„ , .,._.. Mosos doscribeth the righteousness wh.ch i, t; the law, that ■ the man which doeth those thmgs, shall live by them." Lev. xvui o. 1 Cm- w 13— "">o y« »"♦ '<"°^' *"" ^ , „i ,i«ter about holy things, Hve of the things of thc^e,ni,^ "and they which wait at the ahar, are partakers w,th the nltBv" Lev vi. 16, 26; alsoDeut. i.vni. 1. m vif 2T._"m„ needeth not daily, as those lugh piUVoffer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then " u't""B.U i^t/^he'se^ondwcut the high priest 28 REFEP-EKCER TO THE OLP TESTAMT!^^T PCRinrV.ES, alone, once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of the people." Lev. xvi. 1—19. 1 Pet, i. 16.— "Because 't is written, * Be ye holy, for I am holy.' " Lev. xi. 4 ; xix. 2 ; xx. 7. NUMBERS. Matt. xii. 5.— "Have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days, the priests in the temple, profane the sabbath and are blameless ?" (L.) Lev. xxviii. 9. John iii. 14.— "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up," (L). Numbers xxi. 9. 1 Cor. X. 8.— "Neither let us commit fornication, as some of them committed, and foil in one day," &c.; verse 9, "Neither let us tempt Christ, as some of them also tempted, and were destroyed of serpents;" verse 10, "Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured, and were destroyed of the destroyer." Num. xxv. 1, 4, 9 ; xxi. 6; xiv. o7 ; xvi. 49; also Psalm cvi. 29. ITch. iii. o. — " And :N[oses verily was faithful in all his house as a servant." Numbers xii. 7 ; also see Jer. xv. 1. Heh. vii. o.— " And verily, they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive tlie office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the people, iicttording to the law." Num. xviii. 21 — 26. ILh. ix. 6. — "Now, when these things were thus or- dained, the priests went always into the first tabernacle, accomplisning the servic^e of God." Also chap. x. 11 ; Numbers xxviii. -'b 2 Pet. ii. lo, 16.^" Following the way of Balaam the son of Bo.sor, who loved the wages of unrighteousness. See also Jude xi. ; Numbers xxii. >> C0NTA1>T.P IN THE NEVT TESTAWTNT POOKS. 20 as >> DEUTERONOMY. Matt iv 4 .-" It iB written, ' Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every- ^ord that proceedeth out of the mouth of God-'" verse 7, "Jesus said unto him, it is written a.ain, ' Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God ;"' verse 10 - It is written, ' Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.'" Also in Luke iv. 4-8, 12, (L). Lent. vi. 13-16 ; viii. 3 ; x. 20. mt. .xii. 36, .37.-- Master, which is the great com- „.andment in the law ? Jesus said imto him ' ^hou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all tl>y Boul, and with all thy mind.' " Also in Mark xii. 30, and Luke X. 27, (L). Deut. vi. o. ids iii 22 —"Moses truly said unto the tatliers,— .^ prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me, him shall ye hear m all thmgs whatsoever he shaU say unto you.'" Also invii. 3^ Deut. xviii. 1«^. ^ . . n ^.-^ .r, Ron:. XV. 10,-" And again he saith, ' Eqoicc ye &enbL 9 Tvitli his people.'" Deut. xxjii. 43. 1 Cor is 9 -" It is written in the law of Moses, Tho„ *alt not mnzde the month of the ox that treadeth out the corn.' "—Bent. xxt. 4. ^ Gal. iii. 10.-" It is written, ' Cnrsed is eveiy one that contimieth not in all things which are written m the book of the law to do them ;' " ve.se 13, It is v..tten Cnrsed i„ eveiy one that hangeth on a tree.' " Also, see Jer. xi. o. Deut. xxi. 23 ; xxvii. 26. ,• i „ui, //,{ X "8 -" He that despised Moses' law died with- out mercy, under two or three witnesses." Dent xvu. 8. JTch X 30 -"Welcnowhim that hath said,- 'Vengeance belongotlr unto mo, I will recompense, saith the Lord^ And again, ■ The Lord shall judge h,s people. Dent, xxxii. 35, 36. 30 TIEFERENCES TO THE OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES, JOSHUA. jAis vii. 45.—" Wliich also our fathers, that came after, brought ir with Jesus [Joshua] into the possession of the Gentiles." Joshua xxi. 43, 44. AcU xiii. 19.—" And when he had des oyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, he divided their land to them by lot." Joshua xix. -51. See also Psalms viii. oo ; ev. 44. lleh. xi. aO.— " By faith the walls of Jericho fell down, after they were compassed about seven days." Joshua vi. 20. Heh. xi. 31.—" By faith the harlot Eahab perished not with them that believed not, when she had received the si)ies with peace." Joshua vi. 25. James ii. 25.—" Likewise also was not Eahab the harlot justified by works, when she had received the messengers and had sent them out another way ? " Joshua ii. 1— 21 . JUIJGES. Acts xiii. 20.— "And after that he gave them judges about the space of four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet." See Book of Judges. AlsoNeh.ix.27. Psalm Ixxxiii. 9, 10, il. IM. xi. 32.— "For the time would fail me to tell of Gideon, and of Barak, of Sampson, and of Jephthte," &c. Judges vi. 11 ; iv. ; xi. 1 ; xii. 7 ; xiii. 24. sA:kiuEL 1st AXI) 2xd. j/,,/^_ i. 6.— "/Vnd Jesse begat David, the king; and David, the Icing, begat Solomon of her that had bc(ai the Nvile of Urias." 1 Sam. xvi. 11 ; 2 Sam. xii. 24. Matt. xii. 3, 4.—" Have yt> not "read what David did when he was an hungred, and they that were with him; how he entered into tlie house of God and did eat the shew- bread ? " Also :\[ark ii . 2.) ; Luke vi . 3, (L) . 1 Sam. xxi. G. COXTAINED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT BOOKS. ;U Acts ii. 30.—" Tlierefore'^beiug a propliet, and knowing that God had Bwom with an oath to him, that of the fruit (,f his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne." 2 Sam. vii. 11—16. Acts xiii. 21, 22.—" And afterward they desired a kmg ; and God gave unto them Saul, the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years. And when he had removed him, he raised up unto them David to be their king ; to whom also he gave testimony, and said,— * I have found David, the son of Jesse, a man after ndne own heart, which shaU fulfil all my will.' " 1 Sam viu. 5- -19: X. 1; xiii. U; xvi. 13. KINGS IST AND 2ND. 2f^fit^ I 7_12, gives the genealogy in the royal hue of David, from Solomon to "Jechonias and his^ brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon." It is the same genealogy originaUy recorded and now contained in the two books of Kings and the 2nd of Chi-onicles. Ilatt. xii. 4:?.— "The Queen of the South shall rise up in the judgment with this generation and shall condemn it, for she came fi'om the uttermost part of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon." Also in Luke xi. 31, (L). 1 Kings X. 1. Also 2 Chron. is. 1. Luke iv. 25, 26.—" Many widows were in Israel in the days of Elias, when the heaven was shut up three years and six months, when great famine was throughout the land," &c., (L). Also James v. 17. 1 Kings xvii. 1 ; xviii. 1 ; xlii. 45. LiiJce iv. 27.—" Many lepers were in Israel in the time of Eliseus, the prophet, and none of them was cleansed save Naaman, the Syi'ian," (L). 2 Kings v. 14. Acts vii.47.— "But Solomon built Him an house." 1 Knigs vi. 1 ; 2 Chron. iii. 1. 32 REFKKEN-CES TO THE OLt) TESTAMENT SClUl'TUllES, Rom xi 2— 4.— "Wot yo not what the Scripture saith of Elias, how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying,-' Lord they have kiUed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars, and I am left alone, and they seek my life.'" 1 Kings xix. 10—18. CHRONICLES IST AND 2ND. 3IaU. xxiii. 35.-" Unto the blood of Zacharias, son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar, (L). 2 Chron. xxiv. 20, 21. Acts vii. 45, 46.-" Unto the days of David, who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob " 1 Chron. xxii. 7. James ii. 23.— " Abraham believed God, and it was imputed to him for righteousness ; and he was called ' the friend of God"' 2 Chron. xx. 7. PSALMS . IfatL xxi. 16.-" Have ye never read,— ' Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise ? ' (L). Psalm viii. 2. Matt xxi. 42.— "Did ye never read in the Scriptures,— *The stone which the builders rejected, the same has become the head of the corner?' " Also Mark xii. 10 ; Luke XX. 17, (L); Actsiv.U; lPet.ii.7; Psalm cxviii. 22. i!fa^^.xxvii.35.-"That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, ' They parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots.'" Also, Jolm xix. 24. Psalm xxii. 18. „ , r<-u . Marl xii. 36.— "David himself said by the Holy Ghost, ' The Lord said to my Lord, sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.' " Also in Matt. xxii. 43; Luke xx. 42, (L) -, Acts ii. 34; Heb. i- 13; Pnalm ex. 1. CONTAINED IN THE NEW TEST.UIENT BOOKS. 33 John X. 34.—" Is it not written in yonr law,— 'I said ye are (isf'" (L). Psalm Ixxxii. 6. John xiii. 18.— "But that tlie Scrii>ture may be fulfilled — ' He that eateth bread with me, hath lifted up his heel against me' " (L). Psalm xli. 9. Acts xiii. 33.—" As it is also written in the second Psa. — ♦ Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee.' " Psalm ii. 7. Rom. iv. 3.—" As it is written, ' The reproaches of them that reproached thee, feU on me.' " Psa. Ixix. 9 ; verse 9, " As it is written, ' For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name.' " Pa. ^J^-viu. Eph iv. 8.—" Wherefore he saith, when he ascended up on high he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men." Psalm Ixviii. 18. J, J. i. 7.— "Of the angels he saith, 'Who maketh his angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire.' " Psa. civ. 4; verso 13, "Sit on my right hand, until I make tliine enemies thy footstool." Psahn ex. 1. Eeb. iii. 7— 11.— "Wherefore as the Holy Ghost saith, « To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day of temptation, in the wilderness,' " &c. Psahn xcv. 7—11. There are many other cUations from the Psahns, m various parts of the New Testament Scriptures. PROYEEBS. Rom. iii. 15.— "Their feet are swift to shed blood." Prov. i. 15. , T ^ ,• Meh xli. 5, 6.— "And ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh unto you, as unto cliildren,-' My son, despise not thou the chastening of the Lord, nor famt when thou art rebuked of him, for whom the Lord loveth he ciiasienuih, i<.htbefulfllled,whichhespako,-'Lordwhohath believed ou: report, and to whom heth the arm of the Lord bee. revealed ? ' " Alco Eom. x. IG ; Isaiah hu. 1. Acts viii 32.-" The place of tho Scripture which hs road was this,-' He was led as a sheep to the slaughter and like a lamb dumb before his shearer.' " ^^^^^^ Acts xiii. 34.-" Ho said on this wise,-' I wiU give you tho sure moreies of David.'" Isaiah Iv. 3. Rom is 27.-" Esaias also crieth concemmg Israel,- . Though 'the number of the childx-en of Israel be as the sand of tho soa, a remnant shall be saved.' ' Isaiah x 2.. Itam X 20 21.— " But Esaias is very bold and smm, ■ I was found of them that sought me not, I was made manifest of them that asked not after me.' " Isa. Ixv. 1, 2. 1 Cor i 19.-" It is written, ' I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent.' " Isa. xxix. 14. , ^, „ =„ iCor vi 2.-" For he saith, 'I have heard thee m a time accepted, and in the day of salvation have I suc- coured thee.' " Isa. xlix. 8 Gal iv 27.-" It is written, 'Eejoice thou barren that bearest not ; break forth and cry thou that travailest not &c. Isa. liv. 1. . T 1 x.„„ 2 Peter iii 13.-" We, according to his promise, look for ne^ heavens and a new earth, wherein dweUeth righteous- ness." Also Eev. xxi. 1 ; Isa. Ixv. 17. JEKEMIAH. Matt ii 17 -"Thonwasfulfilledthat which was spoken by Jeremy, the prophet, saying, 'In Kama was there a ioice heard, lamentation and weeping, and gi-=at mourning 36 EEFERENCES 10 THE OLD TESTAMENT SCHIPTUHES, — ^Rachel weeping for her childi'en, and would not be com- forted, because they are not.' " Jer. xxxi. 15. 1 Cor. i. 31. — "According as it is written, 'He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.' " Jer. ix. 23, 24. 2 Cor. vi. 16.— "As God hath said, 'I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.' " Jer. xxxii. 38. Ileh. y"\. 10. — "This is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord, ' I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts ; and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people.'" Also in chap. x. 16; Jer. xxxi. 31—34 ; Zech. viii. 8. EZEKIEL. 2 Cor. vi. 16.—" As God hath said, ' I wiU dwell in them, and walk in them, and I wiU be their God, and they shall be my people.' " Ezekiel xi. 20 ; xxxvi. 28 ; xxx\-ii. 27. D-US'IEL. Matt. xxiv. 15. — "When ye therefore shall see the abo- mination, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place." Also Mark xiii. 14 (L) ; Dan. xii. 11. HOSEA. Matt. ii. 15.—" That it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, * Out of Egypt have I called my son.' " Hosea xi. 1, Matt. xii. 7. — "But if ye had known what tliis meaneth, * I will have mercy and not sacrifice,' ye would not have condemned the guiltless" (L). Hosea vi. 6 .Rom. ix. 25. — "As he saith also in Osee, * I will call them my people which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.' " Hosea i. 10 ; ii. 23. 1 Cor. XV. 54, 55. — " Then shaU be brought to pass the saying that is written, "Death is swallowed up in victory. * death where is thy sting ? grave where is thy victory '? " ' Hosea xiii. 14. CONTAINED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT BOOKS. 37 JOEL. Adsii. 16—21.—" This is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel, ' And it shall come tc pass in the last days, saith God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon aU flesh ; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, ajid your old men shall dream dreams,' " &c. Joel ii. 28—32. AMOS. Acts yil 42.— "As it is written in the book of the prophets, '0 ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years, in the wilderness?' " &c. Amos v. 25. Acts XV. 15.— "As it is written, 'After this I will re- turn, and wiU build again the tabernacle of David which is faUen down,' " &c. Amos ix. 11, 12. JONAH. Matt. xii. 40, 41.—" As Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's beUy, so shaU the Son of Man be three dayb and tKree nights in the heart of the earth." Also Luke xi. 32, (L) ; Jonah i. 17 ; iii. 10. MICAU. Mait. ii. 5, 6.—" Thus it is written by the prophet,— « And thou Bethlehem in the land of Juda art not the least among the princes of Juda, for out of thee shaU come a governor that shaU rule my people Israel.' " Micah v. 2. NAIIUM. Born. X. 15.—" As it is written, " How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things ! ' " Nahum i. 15. HABAKKUK. Acts xiii. 40.- "Beware, therefore, lest that come upon you which is spoken of in the prophets: 'Behold ye despisers, and wonder and punsu , .or i w.-r.. -- ..--^- in your days, a work which ye shall in no wise beheve, &c. Habakkuk i. 5. 38 EEFEEENCES TO THE OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTUEES, HAGGAI. Jleh. xii. 26. — "But now lie hath loromisecT, saying, ' Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven. " Haggai ii. 6. ZECIIAEIAII. Matt. xxi. 4, 5.— "That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the iirophet, saying, ' Tell ye the daughter of Sion, Behold thy king cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass.' " Also John xii. 15 ; Zechariah ix. 9. Matt. xxvi. 31.— "It is written, 'I wiU smite the shep- herd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad.' " Also Mark siv. 27 (L) ; Zech. xiii. 7. John xix. 37. — "Another scriptm-e saitl,— ' They shall look on him whom they pierced.' " Zechariah xii. 10. 2 Cor. vi. 16.— "As God hath said,— * I will dwell in them, and walk in them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my peoiDle.' " Zechariah viii. 8 ; xiii. 9. M^VLACHI. Matt. xi. 10—14.—" This is he of whom it is written,— ' Behold I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee,' (L)." Also Mark i. 2j Luke i. 17—76; vii. 27, (L.); Mai. iii. 1; iv. 5. There ai'e also in the New Testament books, numerous other references to passages in the Old Testament Scriptui-es, and citations from them, especially from the Psalms and Isaiah, to which latter book, there are, ih all, sixty or more of such references— about as many as the chapters in the book. It will be obseiTed, that most of the references and citations are mentioned as being in written records, and commence in some of the following, or similar terms : "Did ye never read?" "Have ye not read?" "Eead in the law;" "It is written;" "It is written by the pro- phets;" "Written in the book of the prophets;" "It is CONTAINED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT BOOKS. 39 written in the law," "It is written in the Scripture;" '' The Scripture saith ;" "The Scripture was fulfilled;" or other similar expressions, shewing that the citations and references did not belong to mere oral traditions, but to permanent ivritmys, possessed by the nation, and well known to them, as being the sacred Scriptures of their religion. Also in many of the instances, the writer of the Scriptures referred to, or cited, is named both by our Lord, and the others who referred to them, in some of the following expressions, or in words of similar meaning: "It is written in the book of Moses;" "Moses hath written;" "It is written in the book of the prophet Esaias;" "As written by Esaias;" "That which was spoken by Jr^remy the prophet;" "By the prophet Joel;" "As he saith also in Hosea;" "As Da\4d describeth." In many of the references by our Lord to passages in the first five books called the Pentateuch, he named Moses as being the loriter of them, and several of the New Testament writers, in thdr references, have done the same. And yet, that extraordi- nary man. Dr. Colenso, who still retains the office of a chi'istian bishop, and as such, professes to be a teacher of Christianity, has, in liis recent profane works, not only denied that those five books are historicaUy true, but has expressed a strong doubt, whether there ever was such a man as Moses. If aU this does not amount to what is generaUy and rightly called hlasplmay, it woidd seem impossible to find language which would express that crime. No (me, however, having the slightest belief m Christianity, will hesitate to conclude, as to who is to be credited and depended on-our divine and omniscient Lord, or Dr. Colenso and his profane associates and supporters. \lthou-h the multitude of express references which have been shewn to be in the New Testament books to 40 heferences to the scriptures of the pentateucii. passages in the older Scriptures, are, of themselves, super- abundantly sufficient to prove the authentic and inspired character of the latter, it may bo useful to exhibit some of the principal references to the Scriptures of the Pentateuch, contained in the Old Testament books, which foUoio that chiefly impeached portion of the first sacred canon. This will be done, briefly, in the following section. SECTION IV. references to the scriptures of the PENTATEUCH, AND CITATIONS FROM THEM, CONTAINED IN SEVERAL OF THE PRINCIPAL SUCCEEDING BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTA:MENT. Joshua, chap. viii. 30, 31.—" Then Joshua built an altar unto the Lord Cfod of Israel, in Mount Ebal, as Moses, the servant of the Lord, commanded the childi-en of Israel, —as it is written in the book of the law of Moses,— an altar of whole stones, over which no man hath lift up any iron." Deut. xxvii. 4, 5, 6; xxiii. 6,— "Be ye therefore very courageous to koei^ and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses." The very numerous provisions and particulars of the law here referred to are contained in various parts of the preceding books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The words in the last passage,— "written in the book of the law of Moses," clearly show that the toritings were by Moses during his journey with the Israelites through the wilderness on their way to Canaan. The words are given as those of Joshua himself, in an address to jthe people. He was the minister of Moses, and the military commander under his orders, throughout the long and arduous journey. It is perfectly evident fi-om those words of Joshua, that there were then such writings of Moses known to the people, and remaining with them as their religious records ; and therefore, as to tliese points, it is of no importance whether the book of Joshua was written by him, or wi'itten or com- piled by any other person. EEFERENCES TO THE SCRIPTURES OF THE PENTATEUCH. 41 In chap. 24, Josliua, in liis last speecli to the elders, iudo-es, and other officers, and the people generally, recites o,U the chief events of their history, from the divine call to Abraham to leave his kindred and country and go to Canaan, down to the time of his addi-ess; aU fuUy agreeing with the narratives of those events, as given m the Pentateuch- the first five hooks of the Scriptures. Judges.— hi this hook there are six express references to events mentioned in the Pentateuch and book of Joshua, contained in chaps, ii. 1, 12; iii. 4; vi. 8, 9, 13; x. 11 ; ""^'Smmd 1st and 2nd.-In the first book there are four of sucli references to events in the Pentateuch, contained m chaps, ii. 27 ; X. 18 ; xii. 8 ; xv. 2. _^ In book two there are two of such references, in chap. vii. 6, 23. 1 Xings.— There are six of such references m this book, in chaps, ii. 3 ; viii. 9, 16, 21, 53, 56. 2 Kings —Here there nine of su(!h references, contained in chaps, xiv. 6; xvii. 7, 13, 36, 37; xviii. 4, 6, 12; xxi. 8 15- xxiii. 25. The first of these texts has the words,— "According unto that which is written in the book of the law of Moses, wherein the Lord commanded," &c. Th^e words directly prove three important points: 1, That the Lord gave the law ; 2, That it was wi'itten in a book ; and 3, That Moses was the ivriter. 1 chroji.— In this book there are four references to lacts in the Pentateuch, contained in chaps, vi. 49; xvi. 16—22; xxi. 29 ; xxii. 13. . , ^ - ^.^.■. 2 chron.—Thevo are eight of such references m this book, found in chaps, v. 10; vi. 5; xxiii. 18; xxv. 4 ; XXX 16 ; xxxiv. 14 ; xxxv. 6, 12. In this last text are the words — " As it is written in the book of Moses ;" and m chap. 'xxxiv. 14,-*' A book of the law of the Lord, by !Mose3. ^%/-rt.— In this book there are three references to facts and~ev'ont8 in the Pentateuch, contained in chaps, iii. 2; vi. 18 ; vii. 6. In the second of these are the words,—" As it is written in the book of Moses." ^, , ^ « ^ memiah.-ln chap. 8 is mentioned,-" The book of the 42 IlEFEEEJIfCES TO THE SCRIPTUEES OF THE PENTATEUCH. law of Moses, which the Lord had commanded to Israel." In chap. 9 are stated the call of Abraham out of Chaldea, and the change of his name ; the divine covenant to give his ixjsterity.tho lands of the seven nations of Canaan; the afflictions of the Israelites in Egypt, and the divine signs and penal miracles performed there ; the deliverance of the Israelites ; their miraculous passage over the bed of tlio Eed Sea; the destruction of the Egyi^tian host in that sea; the divine guidance of the Israelites on their journey by the pillars of cloud and of fire ; the giving of the laws and ordinances, and the re-enacting of the observance of the sabbath, at Sinai, by the instrumentality of Moses ; the daily manna, and the water from the rock ; the unbelief and disobedience of the peeple generally ; the making of the idolatrous calf; their forty years wanderings in the wilderness ; their conquests of the countries of the kings, Sihon and Og ; the great increase of the people, asd ivinely promised ; their conrpiest of Canaan ; their subsequent repeated rebellions against the divine commands and authority ; their several captivities and afflictions in conse- quence ; the warnings and admonitions of the inspired pro^jhets ; the repeated divine mercies and forgivenesses ; with various other particulars of the early history of the nation. AH these recitals exactly correspond with the original narratives of those events, contained respectively, in the Pentateuch and book of Joshua. Job. — In this sublime and instructive book there are two express references to most important events recorded in the book of Genesis ; one in these words, — ''Hast thou marked the old way which wicked men have trodden, which were cut down out of time, whose foundation .was overflown with a flood?" (chap. xxii. 15, 16). The other reference is in chap. xxxi. 33, in these words, — "If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom." Psalms —In at least 14 of these highlv inspired and most sublime compositions, there are about 1 30 direct references to events and circumstances mentioned in the several books llLrSREXCES TO THE SCRIl'TUEES OF THE PENTATEUCH. 43 of the Pentateueli, unci in Joshua. They are contained, chiefly, in Psabns 78, 105, 106, 135, and 136. In some of these cited psabns, taken connectedly, there are recitals, or notices, of nearly every narrative and event, md. of any important natui-e, contained in those earliest books, from the account of creation, to the occurrence of the Deluge; and onward, through the liistory of the several Patriarchs, naming them, including the principal events of theu' Uves respectively. Also the bondage and suffermgs of the IsraeHtes in Eg}Tt;-the Divine miracles and judgments relating to their release ;— their deliverance and miraculous passage across the Eed Sea;-the destruction of Pharaoh and his host ;-together with aU the other events regarding the people of Israel, under the leadership of Moses, while passing thi'ough the wilderness;- and theii- entrance into Canaan, and its conquest under Joshua. All of which notices and recitals, exactly agree with the same narratives and events recorded in those books of the Pentateuch, and in Joshua; together with other events in the history of Israel, down to a period subsequent to the time of David. Isaiak—In this sublimely beautiful and evangeucal book there are ten or more references to portions of the Penta- teuch ; the most important of them in chaps, liv. 9, and Ixiii 11, 12. In the first, Noah and the universal deluge in his time are expressly mentioned ; and in the other, the dividing of the water of the Eed Sea by the Lord, and his conveying the IsraeHtes across it, under the leadership of Moses. In chaps, i. 9 and xiii. 19 are references to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Jeremiah.— In the two books by this prophet, there are twelve principal references-besides otheis-to events men- tioned in the Pentateuch, and which are contained m chaps. 2, 7, 16, 23, 31, 32, 34, 50. In several of these chapters there is express mention 6f the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, and the deliverance of the Israelites from theii' bondage in Egypt, and the Lord's covenant with them as his peor>le. . ;E^(,1uel—li\ this book there are numerous notices and allusions concerning events, statutes, and institutions, re- 44 KEFERENCES TO THE SCRIPTURES OF THE PENTATEUCH. corded in the Pentateuch. In chapter 20, esperially, there are express references to the deliverance of the Israelites from Egyi)t; their sojourning in the wilderness; the statutes and judgments which the Lord then established for their observance, especially the sabbaths as a sign ; his promise to give them the land " he had espied for them, flowing with milk and honey, the glory of all lands ; " also their rebellions and disobedience, and his mercies and forbearance towards them. Daniel. — In chapter 9, Daniel, in his deep confessions and petitions regarding his nation, refers expressly to their deliverance from Egyjit, by the ''mighty hand" of the Lord; also to the "curse," and the "oath, written in the law of Moses, the servant of God;" the rebellion and wickedness of the people, and the consequent divine chas- tisements inflicted upon them. Hosea. — In chaps. 2 and 12 are references to the Lord's deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt. Chapter xi. 8, alludes to what befel Admah and Zeboim, two of the cities of the plain, destroyed by fire from heaven, as described in Gen. xix. In chap. xii. 3, is noticed the cii-cumstance that Jacob " took his brother by the heel " at their birth, men- tioned in Gen. xxv. 26 ; also that Jacob, " by his strength had power with God ; " " had power over the angel, and prevailed, and wept and made supiilication unto him;" which events are recorded in Gen. xxxii. 24 — 28. Also that "Jacob fled into Syria," and " served for a wife," by keeping simp., as mentioned in Gen. xxix. and xxx. Amos. — In chaps, ii. 10; iii. 1; and ix. 7, are express references to the Lord's deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt, and his having led them " forty years through the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite," as origin- ally recorded in Exodus and the thi-ee succeeding books. In chap. iv. 11, is reference to God's overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, described in Gen. xix. Micah. — ^In chap. vi. 4, 5, are express references to the redfiiTiT^tion of th^ TsvnolUoa fror" ■fi"'.r«rr.+ Aaron, and Miriam ; and concerning Balak, king of Moab, and Balaam ; which events are recorded in the Pentateuch ; the latter events in Numbers, chaps. 22, 23, 24. SUMMARY Am) REMARKS. 45 of ZephaniaJi. —Cha-pter ii. 9, refers to tlie destruction Sodom and Gomorrali, as described in G-en. xix. Uafffjai.^ln chap. ii. 5, is this reference,— " The word that i covenanted with you, when ye came out of Egypt." MalacM. — ^In chap. ii. o — 8, is a reference to the Lord's covenant with the house of Levi as to the priesthood, men- tioned in Ex. xxviii. L Also another in chap. iv. 4, in these words, — " Eemember ye the law of Moses, my servant, which I commanded unto him, in Horeb, for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments." SECTION Y. SUMMARY XSD HEMARKS. It will be found by computation, that the citations and references, as to events and circumstances recorded in those first five books of Scripture, called the Pentateuch, so given in the before-mentioned succeeding books of the Old Testa- ment, number in all about 300, or more. There is scarcely a single narrative, or t :^nt, or material circumstance, on any subject, contained in those Pentateuch books, which is not either expressly cited, or plainly referred to, in those succeeding books of the Old Testament. And further, it will be seen, that in very many of the passages in those cited books which contain those references and recitals, Moses is named as the agent, or medium, through whom many of the Divine acts were made known, the commands declared, the laws and institutions established; and also, as the writer of those first five books. The proofs which have here been given as to the authen- tic and inspired character of both the Old and the New Testament Scriptures, are exclusively of an internal descrip- tion, derived solely from the plain letter of those scriptures; and consetiuently, as will be seen, entirely free of all sectarian or denominational creeds, or dogmas, or codes, or systems of doctrines. Therefore, all who have a belief in divine revelation, will receive them on equal terms. What is generally called the external evidences on those points of 4G SUMMAPA' AXI) KEilARKS. authenticity and htapiration, if not so numerous, can be shown to be equally valid and convincing. One of such evidences — most important and everywhere manifest — the dispersion, degmdation, and afflictions of the Jewish people, has been existing for about eighteen hundred years ; and all the particulars of their afflicted and unhappy condition coiTCspond exactly with the prophecy by Moses, concerning them, recorded in chap. 28 of Deuteronomy, the last of the Pentateuch books. That long-afflicted state of that people also corresponds with the description of their dis- persion and sufferings, given in Luke, chaps. 19 and 21, and in the two j)recediMg gospels; and wliich, with feelings of deep sadness and commiseration, our Lord foretold woidd befall them, for their rejection of Him, and his over- tures of mercy and salvation. Here is a further external and most convincing proof of the inspired character of those Old and New Testament Scsriptures. On the whole subject, therefore, of the authenticity and inspirafmi of loth canons of Scripture, viewing the ver}' numerous testimonies which have been given on those points, in the first section of this treatise, as to the New Testament writings, and also the multitude of references and citations in these to the Old Testament Scriptures, ■which are given in three succeeding sections, especially to the Pentateuch books, — about six hundred or more, in all, — it would seem impossible that any rational person, having any belief whatever in divine revelation, and the validity and conclusions of historical evidence on any subject, could ever conceive the slightest doubt as to the inspired and consequently truthful character of any portion, or of the whole, of the sacred Scriptures. Even if theywere viewed as writings not claiming any supernatural or inspired element, but considered merely as human comp)ositiom, the proofs of their authenticity are so extremely weighty and conclusive that it may confidently be said, there have been no writings which have at any time appeared in the world which have had the hundredth nart of the evidence of their truth which have been given in demonstration of the veracity of those scripture books. But when we consider the numerous SniMARY AXD REMARKS. 47 expressly fieclared proofs of the dirinehj inspired character of the revelations they contain, no such comparison •srith any other writings, as to fnithfulnfi-^ft, is even admissible. Unhappily, however, there are in the most christian countries not only vast multitudes entirely ignorant of the great truths of divine revelation, and living in open irreligion and profanity : but even in the educated, — the higher and middle classes of society — very great numbers who habitually neglect to search into that revelation, to attain for themselves a foundation for religious belief and practice. They rest contented to take information on those all-important points, either at second-hand, from the small portion they understand and retain, of what they statedly or occasionally hear in public ministrations ; or else frame from their own sujipositions and notions, such a scheme of religion, or rather, crude speculations concerning it, as will be in conformity with their own selfish ambition or cravings for mammon, or other vain desires and conduct. These classes combined, form the countless multitudes in nearly all christian countries in the present day who are exposed to be led astray, and become involved in partial or entire disbelief of divine revelation; through the profane publica- tions and other corrupting means now being so extensively pTit forth against it ; and many of whom, in all of those classes, are either thereby actually confirmed in such disbelief, or are unwilling to take sacred revelation as their standard and guide. If they would receive and obey the exhortation of Him whose religion most, if not all of them, nomincdhj 23rofess, and " search the Scriptures" prayerfully and diligently ; or like the sensible Bereans of old, scripturally described as " noble," who, after Paul's preaching, " with readiness of mind searched the Scriptures daily, whether these things were so," many, or possibly all, of such ignorant and scej)tical characters of the day, would, like those noble Bereans, believe the sacred records, and thus be safely guarded against those infidel falsities. If even those in the princiiDal classesj who are instructed in seailar literary branches, whether in the higher or ordinary degrees, were informed in the truths of di\dne revelation, 48 SUMMAllY AND RE3> >