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4--. .

THE

ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH

THE

ATLANTIC TELEGRAPIL-

X^IFTEEN years have barely elapsed since the success of
the first Hue of electric telegraph demonstrated the
immense practical importance of that invention.

Its rapid adoption by almost every civilised nation
already gives promise of even greater things than it has
yot accomplished in the furtherance of social and com-
mercial intercourse.

It is, however, only within tlie last five years that
practical men have wrought out successfully the appli-
cation of the same principles to the still later problem of
submarine telegraphy.

Surroimded by every species of difficulty which besets
a new and untried path, Mr. Brett, with the aid of a few
associates, achieved in 18.51 his first success in the electric
union of France and Jlngland.

The result of this decisive experiment, favourable alike
in its national, commercial, social, and, though last not
least, in its reinunernti\'e aspects, has been such as to
disarm all prejudice, and to encourage a desire for the
utmost possibh^ extension of similar undertakings.

England is now united by six distinct submarine cables
to adjacent coosts, and other countries have not been slow
to catch her spirit of enterprise in this important appli-
cation of scicucc to the wants of man. • /, . • , ''

America alone^ the greatest and most progressive ot all
the nations with whom we have intercourse, has hitherto
been debarred from participating ^^ ith us in the advan-
tages of electric intercommunication, while the daily
increasing requirements of the two nations render such
an i'^tluttion more than ever necessary to the well-being
of both.

The genius of science and the spirit of commerce alike
demand that the obstacles of geographical position and
distance alone shall no longer prevent the accomplishment
of such an union.

Under the influence of these considerations, the subject
of establishing a telegraph to America has been. largely
and anxiously studied on both sides of the Atlantic.

The careful and elaborate investigations of Lieutenant
Maury, of the U. S. ^avy, into the ph^^sical geography of
the sea, threw a new light upon Avhat had been sup-
posed to constitute the chief engineering difficulties of
such an enterprise. His clear and accurate definition of
the currents of the ocean, and the soundings of the
Atlantic deeps, — imperfectly known previous to his re-
searciies, — have developed an extraordinary, and, to speak
with I'everence, a providential fact. The two conditions
to be chiefly desired for the successful submersion of a
telegraphic cable are, the absence of currents interfering
with the steady descent of the line ; and a level bottom
with a stratum likely to remain undisturbed, and adapted
for its subsequent security and preservation. These con-

ditions, tliongh first elucidated for philosoi)liic objects other
than those of telegraphic science, have been shown to exist
in a remarkable degree throughout a plain extending
between the coasts of Ireland and Newfoundland ; which
possesses the additional advantage of being the shortest
possible route between the shores of the Old and New
World. Ho marked, indeed, are those features, and so
favoiu'able is their bearing on the great project, that they
seemed to the discoverer at the time so providential, as
to justify his designation of it as the Telegraph-Plateau

The mighty current which takes its rise in tlie Gulf of
Mexico, and flows northward as far as the banks of
Newfoundland, washes the eastern shores of the United
States with great force ; and the precipitous hollows exist-
ing in its course would render a route to the south of
tlie bardvs impracticable for telegraphic purposes. Imme-
diately to the north of the great banks these abysses cease
to exist. Stretching away in a direct line from St. John's.
Newfoundland, to the bay of Valentia, on the Irish coast,
lies the vast sub-oceanic plain already referred to, which
is situated in the line of nearly absolute rest of tlio waters
of the Atlantic, the bed of which has been shown, by
the specimens obtained on sounding, to consist throughout
of the most minute microscopic shells, which, froi. ibeir
delicate organism and the perfect state in which they are
found, prove the utter absence of all motion in the water
surrounding them. To use the words of the highest authority
on the subject,'' — " this plateau is not too deep for the cable
to sink down and rest upon, and yet not so shallow that
* currents or icebergs or any abrading force can derange
the wire after it is once lodged upon it."

» Maury's riiysioal Geography of the Sea, p. 250'.

III April, 1854, a company was incorporated by act of
the Colonial Legislature of Newfoundland for tliQ })urposc
of establishing a line of telegraphic conninmication between
America and Europe. That Government evinced the
warmest interest in the undertaking, and in order to mark
substantially their sense of its importance, and their
desire to give to it all the aid and encouragement in their
power, they conferred upon it, in addition to important
privileges of grants of land and subsidy, the sole and
^xcl'.volvo right of landing a telegra])hic line on the shores
within their jurisdiction, comprising, in addition to th(.sc
of Newfoundland, the whole Atlantic coast of Labrador
from the entrance of Hudson's Straits to the Straits of
Belle Isle. This act of the Colonial Legislature was sub-
sequently ratified and confirmed by Her JVlajesty's Govern-
ment at home. The Company also obtained in May, 1854,
an exclusive charter from the government of Prince
Edward's Island, and afterwards from the State of Maine,
and a charter for telegraphic operations in Canada.

The exclusive rights absolutely necessary for the
encouragement of an undertaking of this nature having
thus been secured along the only seaboard eligible for the
western terminus of an European and American cable,
the Company in the first instance commenced operations
by proceeding to connect St. John's, Newfoundland, with
the widely ramified telegraph system of the British North
American provinces and the United States. This has been
recently completed by the submersion c f two cables in
connection with their land lines : one, eighty-five miles in
length, under the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from
Cape Bay Cove, Newfoundland, to Ashpee Bay, Cape
Breton ; the other, of thirteen miles, across the Straits

of Nortliunibcrland, connecting Prince Kchvanl's Island
with New Hrunswick. Kloctric conmiunication in thus
cstabhsliL'd direct from Newfoundland to all the British
American Colonies and the United States.

On the Irish side, lines of telegraph have been for some
time in operation throughout the country, and are con-
nected with Pjiigland and the Continent by submarine
cables. The only remaining link in this electric chain,
required to connect the two hemispheres by telegraph, is
the Atlantic cable.

The New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph
Company being desirous that this great undertaking
should be established on a l)road and national basis uniting
the interests of the telegraph world on both sides of the
Atlantic, have entered into alliance with persons of import-
ance and influence in the telegraphic affairs of Great
Britain : and in order at the same time to obtain the
fullest possible information before entering upon the
crowning effort of their labours, they have endeavoured
to concentrate upon the various departments of the under-
taking the energies of men of the highest acknowledged
standing in their profession, and of oihers eminently fitted
for the work, who were known to have devoted much time
and attention to the subject.

The route between the two shores had already
been minutely surveyed by Lieut. Maury, whose name
alone amongst, nautical men is a sufficient guarantee
for the accuracy of the results obtahied, and whose
personal counsel and co-operation the promoters are autho-
rised to say will be given to the undertaking in bringing
it to completion. The data obtained by him have re-
ceived the most ample corroboration in the recent special

soundings taken by order of the United States govern-
ment, at tlio instance of tlie New York, Newfoundland,
and London Telegraph Company by Lieutenant lierryman,
U.S.S. " Arcti(!," whoso valuable and able assistance the
Company wish to acknowledge.

It is with the highest satisfaction that the Company
are able to refer to tlie aid which her Majesty's Govern-
ment are inclined to give to their labours. A line of
soundings taken at spots intermediate between those
e^^'ftctcit hy Lieut. Bcrryman, have been ordered by the
Lords of the Admiralty to bo made forthwith ; and the
readiness and cordiality with which every suggestion on
the part of the j>romoters has been met by their LordHhii)s,
and by those at the head of the several departments, call for
the warmest thanks of all concerned in the undertaking.

Li the engineering department, advantage will again be
taken of Lieut. Maury's invaluable advice in connection
with the machinery employed in paying out the cable,
and of the co-operation of others who have carried out
the submersion of the submarine lines already laid. The
soundings of the ocean along the plateau, which gradually
increase from 1000 fathoms to 2070 fathoms at the
middle and deepest part, present no obstacle in depositing
a cable with regularity along a soft and almost level
plain of such a nature, — and the question of sub-
merging a cable in depths almost equal, and under less
favourable conditions, has been already surmounted
without difficulty.

Li order to determine various points connected with
the electrical department of the undertaking, a continued
investigation of all the phenomena connected with the
jLise of long submarine circuits has been carried on during*

tlic last two years ; niul rrofossor Morso, wlio 1ms recently
visited Kngland, has, for many days consrciitively, gone
into ji rijxid series of iU^nionsti'a lions on this snhject in
connection witli those j^cnth'nien who have devoted so
much energy and patience to this dcjiartiuent of the work.
lie ileclares his conviction that the problem is conclusively
solved, and that the attainment of full commercial success
is no longer douhtl'ul.

It may bo mentioned here, that the [jossibility of readily
and rapidly transmitting telegraphic signals buyoiul a.
certain distance by submarine wires, had been thrown into
some doubt by the discovery of certain phenomena of
induction aiid retardation, described by Professor Karaday.

In the year 1H54, at the instance of Mr. Brett, Mr.
Wildman Whitehouse first took up the subject, of the
effects of induction in long submarine conductors, in its
relation to j)ractical tclegrajjliy, by commencing a series of
preliminary experiments upon a cable containing (J (5 (J miles
of submarine wire. In the following year, when the great
})roject of Transatlantic communication came more pro-
minently into view, these experiments were continued
more fully on I12r; miles of similar wire, the results being
obtained and recorded with the utmost care and acciu'acy,
by means of apparatus contrived for the purpose, and now
both in character au<l j)rinci])lo. Several facts of the
highest importance to electrical science and of the most
encouraging nature as regards the undertaking were thus
determined ; and in a still more extended scries of cxperi-
n^ients this year on 1020 miles, conducted conjointly by Mr.
Whitehouse and Mr. Bright, Engineer to the Magnetic Tele-
graph Company, these two gentlemen have been enabled to
realise and amplify every previous encouraging result, and

at the same time to perfect iiistrmnents suitable for
practical telegraphic use and capable of working through
almost unlimited lengths of submarine wire. The size
of the conducting wire required for such distant operations
has formed the subject of special inquiry with tliese
gentlemen. They have finally established a claim to the
foremost position in the scientific department of the
undertaking, by practically demonstrating to Professor
Morse and others, on an unbroken length of o\er
2i)00 miles of subterranean wire, the fact of telegraphic
operations carried on with an amount of accuracy and
at a speed which determines at once the certainty of full
commercial success.

Nothing can be more satisfactory than the result of
these experimental demonstrations, which have been
verified by Professor Morse, — proving, as they do — First,
that telegraphic signals can be transmitted without
difliculty through the required distance ; Secondly, that
a large conducting wire is not required for the pijrpose ;
and Thirdly, that the communication can be effected at a
thoroughly satisfactory speed.

All the points having a direct practical bearing on any
part of the undertaking have thus been subjected to a
close and rigid scrutiny ; the result of this examination
proving to be in every respect of the most favourable
character, it remained only that those possessing the
required power should take the initiative.

The New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph
Company^ possessing, in virtue of their charter, all the
necessary powers, deputed their Vice-president to visit
England in the summer of the present year ; and they
gave him full authority to make on their behalf such

arrangements as should seem to him best fitted to carry
forward tlie great work.

The outhnc of the formation of the " Atlantic Tele-
graph Company," which will be found in the Appendix,
will sufficiently explain the nature of these arrangements.

The expenditure to be incurred in carrying out the
undertaking is small, compared with the magnitude and
the national importance of the work.

The Projectors confidently anticipate having the cable
completed in time to lay it in the summer of 1857, and,
under any circumstances, not later than the spring of
1858. It is proposed to employ two steam-ships in the sub-
mersion, each laden with half the cable, and that they shall
l)roceed together to a point half way between the two coasts.
The two ends of the cable having been carefully joined
together, the vessels will start in opposite directions, one
towards Ireland and the other towards Ncw^foundland, un-
coiling the cable and exchanging signals through it from
ship to ship as they proceed. By this means, the period
ordinarily required for traversing the distance between the
two coasts will be lessened by one-half, each vessel having
only to cover 820 nautical miles in order to finish the task.
assigned to it. It is expected that the operation of la^ang
the cable will be completed in about eight days from the
time of its commencement.

It is no less fortunate than remarkable that the greatest
depth and difficulty w411 thus be encountered first; hence,
should any accident occur, it can only involve the loss of
a very few miles of cable ; this part safely accomplished,
the pi'ogress of the vessels in the process of submersion will
be hourly attended with less and less difficulty and risk.

The very grandeur of the undertaking constitutes a

sufficient gaarantec for its coinmercial success when carried
out ; as, in addition to the great use of the cable by the
governments on each side of the Atlantic, and in ordinary
social intercourse, it will constitute the chief medium
through which all the important business transactions
between the Old and New World will be eifected.
The transmission of intelligence for the press in both
Continents will also form a most important feature of its
usefulness.

Tt will readily be admitted that the number of mossugcs
at present passed along the wires to or from a single
capital like London/" where the rapidity of railway
transit renders the Post-Office a powerful competitor, will
scarcely constitute any criterion of the probable amount
of traffic through a cable affording the only rapid means
of communication between two vast and civilised Conti-
nents, and which in its operation will shorten the period
of an interchange of correspondence almost from a month
to an hour, and to which the whole of both networks of
telegraph lines, already established throughout Europe and
America, amounting to not less tlian 100,000 miles, will act
as feeders. A very limited number of commercial messages
forwarded from each side daily, occupying the cable but a
few hours, will, without any other sources of revenue, pro-
duce a large return on the entire capital.

The difference of longitude between the two Con-
tinents presents another important consideration con-
nected with the advaiicageous working of tlie line ; for,
owing to the time in America being nearly five hours later
than in Europe, the whole of the business messages of the

* Not less than oOO messages .are trausmitted in and out oi' Loudon, and a
larger number in and out of New York, daily.

day transmitted from this side between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.
will have arrived in America by the time the mercantile
community in t^r irious cities and towns throughout the
New World have commenced business, and the cable bo
thus perfectly clear for the return flow of messages to
Europe.

Whilst, however, the revenue of such a line must, on the
lowest estimate, be exceedingly remunerative, the working
expenses, being limited to the two terminal stations, will
necessarily be very small. Under such circumstances, it
appears difficult to over-estimate the commercial returns
that will accrue from this undertaking.

(Signed)

London,
Nocemhcf 1st, 1856.

CYRUS W. FIELD,

Vice-Prei?ident of the New York, Newfoundland,
and London Telegraph Company.

'Lium^

APPENDIX.

Observatory, \VASHiN(iToN,
Dear Sir, ^"«^ '''''' ''''-

I gave myself up last night to the practical details of paying the
Telegraphic Cable across the Atlantic.

It oan be done without fail.

I have hit upon a plan, as to the practicability and success of which I
am willing to risk my reputation.

It can be done by one steamer, and in case of accident while running, the
cable may be recovered.

I see no difficulty in the way whatever ; still, to be on sure and tried
ground, there are two points which I should like to test by actual experi-
ment before I go further or say more.

AVhen I say a single ship, of course 1 mean one large enough to carry
the cable and coal.

The cable need not be large. No time for details ; but, you may rely
upon it, in my judgment there need be no difficulty in laying the cable
across.

Yours truly,

(Signed) M. F. MAUllY.

Cyrus W. riELP, Esq.,

New York.

London,

October 3, Five o'clock, a.m.
MY DKAii Sir,

As the <:'lcctrieian of the Xew York, Newfoundland, and London

Telegraph Company, it is with the highest gratification tliat I have to

apprise you of the result of our experiments of this morning upon a single

continuous conductor of more than 2000 miles in extent, a distance you

will perceive sufficient to cross the Atlantic Ocean, from Newfoundland to

Ireland.

The admirable arrangements made at the Magnetic Telegraph Office in

Old Broad Street, for connecting ten subterranean gutta-percha in.sulatod

conductors, of over 200 miles each, so as to give one continuous lengtli of

more than 2000 miles during the hours of the night, wlieu the Telegraph

is not commercially employed, furnished us the means of conclusively

settling, by actual experiment, the question of the practicability as well as
the practicality of tclef^raphing through our proposed Atlantic cable.

This result liad been thrown into some doubt by the discovery, more than
two years since, of certain phenomena upon subterranean and submarine
conductors, and had attracted the attention of electricians — particularly of
that most eminent philosopher Professor Faraday, i. ,id that clear-sighted
investigator of electrical phenomena Dr. Whitehouse ; and one of these
phenomena, to wit, the perceptible retardation of the electric current,
threatened to purplex our operations and required careful investigation
before we could pronounce with certainty the commercial practicability of
the Ocean Telegraph.

I am most happy to inform you that, as a crowning result of a long
series of experimental investigation and inductive reasoning upon this
subject, the experiments under the direction of Dr. Whitehouse and Mr.
Bright, whicli I witnessed this morning, — in which the induction coils and
receiving magnets, as modilied by these gentlemen, were made to actuate
one of my recording instruments, — have most satisfactorily resolved all
doubts of the practicability as well as practicality of operating the telegraph
from Newfoundland to Ireland.

Although we telegraphed signals at the rate of 210 — 241, and according
to the count at one time even of 270 per minute upon my telegraphic register
(which speed you will perceive is at a rate commercially advantageous),
these results were accomplished, notwithstanding many disadvantages, in
our arrangements, of a temporary and local character — disadvantages which
will not occur in the use of our submarine cable.

Having passed the whole night with my active and agreeable colla-
borators, Dr. Whitehouse and Mr. Bright, without sleep, you will excuse
the hurried and brief character of this note, which 1 could not refrain from
sending you, since our experiments this morning settle the scientitic and
commercial points of our enterprise satisfactorily.

With respect and esteem, your obedif nt Servant,

(Signed) SAML. F. B. MORSE.

To Cyri's W. Fikld, Es(i.,
Vice-President of tlie New York, Newfoumllaud,
.and Loudon Telograpli (Jompany,
i57, Jenuyu-street, 8t. Jaiiies's-street.

London, Oct. 10, 18;"i6.
Mv DKAIl SllJ,

After having given the deepest consideration to the subject of our suc-

*ce3sful experiments the other night, when we signalled clearly and rapidly

through an unbroken circuit of subterranean conducting wire, over 2000

miles in length, I sit down to give you the result of my reflections and

calculations.

There can be no question but that with a cable containing a single con-

ducting wire, of a size not exceeding that through whicli we worked, and
with equal insulation, it would be easy to telegraph from Ireland to New-
foundland at a speed of at least from eiglit to ton words per minute ; nay,
more : the varying rates of speed at whicli we worked, depending as they did
upon differences in tlie arrangement of the apparatus employed, do of tliem-
selves prove that even a higher rate than this is attainable. Take it, how-
ever, at ten words in the minute, and allowing ten words for name and
address, we can saf( \y calculate upon the transmission of a twenty word
message in three minutes ;

Twenty such messages in the hour ;

Four hundred and eighty in the 24 hours, or 14,400 words per day.

Such are the capabilities of a single wire cable fairly and moderately
computed.

It is, however, evident to mo, that by improvements in tl'.c arranffoment
of tlio signals themselves, aided by the adoption of a code or system con-
structed upon the principles of the best nautical code, as suggested by
Dr. Whitehouse, we may at least double the speed in the transmission of our
messages.

As to the structure of the cable itself, the last specimen whieli I examined
with you seemed to combine so admirably the necessary (lualities of strength,
flexibility, and lightness, with perfect insulation, that I can no longer
have any misgivings about the ease and safety with which it will bo
submerged.

In one word, the doubts are resolved, the difficulties overcome, success
is within our reach, and the great feat of the century must shortly be
accomplished.

I would urge you, if the manufacture can be completed within the time
(and all things are possible now), to press forward the good work, and not
to lose the chance of laying it during the ensuing suninier.

Before the close of the present month, I hope to be again landed safely on
the other side of the water, and I full well know, that on all hands the
enquiries of most interest with which I shall be met, will be about the
Ocean Telegraph.

Much as I have enjoyed my European trip this year, it would enlianoo
the gratitication whicli I have derived from it more than I can describe to
you, if on my return to America I could be the first bearer to my friends of
the welcome intelligence that the great work had been begun, by the com-
mencement of the manufacture of the cable to connect Ireland with the line
of the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company, now so
successfully completed to St. John's.

llespectfully, your obedient Servant,

SAMUEL F. 15. :MUKSE.
To Cyrus W. Field, Esq.,

Vice-President of the New York, Newfoundland,
and London Telegraph Company.

PRIVATE.

THE

ATLAJiTIC TELEGIUrH COMPANY

(LIMITED)

TPor connecting the Continents of Europe and America hi/ a Submarine
Electric Cable, to be laid down from England or Ireland to
Neufoiutdland, jiniting the entire American system of Telegraphs
with that of Europe.

CAPITAL £350,000, in Shares of £1000 each.

"I T is purposed at once to commence the great undertaking of
establishing Electro-Telegraphic communication between America
and Europe.

The favourable nature of the soundings of the Atlantic which have
been so liberally made for this object by the United States Govern-
ment, at the instance of Mr. Cyrus W. Field, — the proof that great
depths are no impediment to the enterprise, as demonstrated by the
recent efforts of Mr. John ^V. Brett in the Mediterranean,— and the
conclusive experimeuta recently made by Messrs. Whitehousk and
l^RiGHT, in conjunction with Professor Morse, on a length of over
2000 miles of subterranean wire, — establish beyond doubt the
practicability of laying the cable, and of working efficiently through
it when submerged.

Professor Morse, the inventor of the American system of Tele-
graph?, and Lieut. Maury, U.S.N., who is well Ivuown for his

investigations of ocean depths and currents, arc active supporters
of the undertaking, and are con(i(leiit of its successful accomplish-
ment; indeed, the latter writing upon the subject says, — " As to its
practicability and success, I am willing to risk iny reputation. I
see no dilllculty in the way whatever." The same opinion is shared
by all the officers who have been engaged in making the soundings.

A Charter, conferring the exclusive right, for fifty years, of land-
ing Telcgrapli Cables on the shores of Newfoundland and other
parts of North America, has been obtained by tlu; l^ew York,
Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company. This privilege,
as well as all concessions bearing on this undertaking which may
hereafter be obtained, together with the patent rights of Messrs.
WiiiTKHOUSE AND BiiiGHT, wliicli givc the most perfect mode at
present known of practically working instruments in submarine
circuits of so great a length, will, with other advantages, be made
over to the Company.

Responsible parties olfer to manufacture the whole cable for a
sum so far within the limits of the proposed Capital as to leave an
ample margin to cover the expense of submerging, as well as inci-
dental expenses ; and it is determined to complete and have the
Telegraph in o])eration during the ensuing summer.

In order that the Capital subscribed may be wholly applied to the
immediate object of the undertaking, the Projectors, Mkssks. JkiF/rr
AND EiELD, in conjunction with Messrs. Wiiiteuouse and Bright,
(whose services in the cause it is desired to acknowledge and retain,)
propose that their compens^ation for the privileges they assign, and
for past and future services, shall entirely depend on the successful
result of the eiitcrj)risc. With this view the remuneration of the
Projectors has been made wholly dependent upon, and subsequent
to, tlie profits of tlie Shareholders. After l)aying a half-yearly

1.0

dividend :'t the rate of 10 \nn' cent, per annum on the Ca])ital, one-
half of tilt surplus profit will be assigned to these Gentlemen, and
the other half will belong to the Company.

To testify still further their confidence in the undertaking, the
Promoters and their friends have subscribed upwards of £100,000
of the Capital recpiired.

The Projectors do not deem it necessary to resort to any other
means of raising the Capital than that of making their wants known
by the present communication ; feeling satislied that the remaining
amount required will be readily subscribed without the occasion for
iLU'ther ])ublicity.

It has been their ambition, and would be their pride, to see this
truly great enterprise undertaken and carried out by a few indivi-
(kials, each subscribing £::i5,000 ; but in order to avoid the appear-
ance of exclusiveness, and to give a wider and more national
character to the uiulertaking, they propose to divide the Capital into
Shares of £1000 each, ami they invite subscriptions from those who
are willing to participate in the honour of accomplishing the object
songht to be attained.

It is considered that little re(|uires to be said in favour of the
ui\ilcrtuking.

The beniilits which it will confer upon all classes are too obvious
to need mention, and its ])roved practicability renders its accom-
plishment a duty.

U])on a very lUfKlerate computation of the probable amount of
trutlic, and a consideration of the comparatively small working
expenses, (which are ncuTssarily limited to those of the terminal

stationa,) the net receipts will yield rtii umiuiil return exceeding
40 per cent, upon the Capital.

The Company is incorporated under the Joint Stock Conipuniea'
Act, 1856, with limited liability, and the Directors will be chosen
at an early date.

An instalment of 20 per cent, of the Cupitul will be payable on
Allotment, and the remainder by eight monthly instalments of 10
per cent. each.

Due notice will be given of the Allotment, and when and where
the payments wiU have to be made.

It is requested that all communications may be addressed to
The Directors of the Atlantic Telegraph Company {Limited), at
\n , Bishopsffate Street Within. <l

London, Norcmber i\lh, 185(5.

HKAtmilRY AKD KVAN;5, I'RINTKUH, \V lllTKKIIl AHS.