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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in rne exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film^ d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de Saut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■ m, FACTS van VHM '\ \mukVM OP wmm^ ehbigranm, ABOVT TUB i'l .n '/,i' I • > X^X^iO'VTNOI^ Ol^ m lew V-^^ \ JU; :): BY If^;: H ^ 4^ ♦ r S-A.3^i:XJ3E3L VNT.a.'r'rS; Editor '* Carleton Sentinel," Woodstock. Si': •epared under direction of th€ Provincial Government. -«4»4 — . PRINT3SD AT TUM OFFTCB OP TirS "OARLITON fiHNTnTRV WOODSTOCK. N. B. 1870. \ I i ■i I I C' SlR,- WOODSTOCK, N. B., ) Ftbruary, 1870. j In compliance with your directions I have, in the following pages, endeavored to present, in as concise A form as possible, such information regarding the «!imate, resources, agricultural capabilities, laws, in- i stitutions, &c,, «&c., of New Brunswick, as may give to intending Emmigrants from the Old World an intel- tigent view of the nature of the HOME we offer them ID thig Province. Respectfully yours, (Signed) SAMUEL WATTS. How. John A. Bbckthth, Provincial SeoreUiy, &c., &c. f 0. B.,) ivc, in tbo as concise rding the i, liuvs, in- may give Id an intel- offer them ., ^TTS. (JKNREAL fillliflARKS. The object of thiy work is to present, in an in- telligible form, some important facts, from which tliose who read may learn wliat inducements are presented^ by the Province of New Brunswick, to persons in- tending to emigrate, from the British Tslos and Europe, to make their new home upon its soil. And at the outset it mav as well be said, in all can- dour, that to the poor, who are so from their own restlessness and idolence, who arc merely desirous of finding a land wliich requites sloth with competence and puts gold into tiie pockets without an equivalent being given in labor, New Brunswick has nothing to offer ; this is no place for them. For all kinds of enterprising industry we have room and opportunities available, with every iair prospect of a reasonable and relialile return. The manufacturer, of limited or extensive nK^ans, may find here fiacilities, neither few nor inferioi-, for a succesful prosecution of any of those industries of which wood, iron, wool, grain, or any of the products of the field are the raw material, or which require water or steam ^ a motive power. The gentleman with an income too limited to be sufficient to meet the ciiarges of genteel living in the- old world may here find most desirable locations in which he and his family mav surround themselves with all the necessaries of life, in a circle of congenial society; may have woods to afford him game and streams to supply his table with fish : where he may raise his owm vegetables, and mutton and beef — may^ 4 vvw iBUir«miOK:. in a word, live at enpe, and live well on an nnnnal •ntlay, vcrj Fniall in comparison with tliMt necessjirr to afli'ord the isaine amount of comfort in i^ritain. But it JB more especially to the followinj:^ clasMci thai the information in thit pamphlet is dewigncd to app«'al : — First. — T© tlie lahorer who findt hiiiifeH iniahle, in an overcharged population, either to obtain work or to get for hi« labor the wages it ifl actually worth or •uHicicnt to keep poverty i'rom hiw door. Second — To tho pmall farmer who, a tenant at will or for a short term, can haiely pay his rent and liv© without any prosjjoct of his present lot in life becom- ing injproved, while he i« improvinjj another man's knd. Third. — To the farm fervaiit who underntMuds a business w^iich he may never hope to be enabled, aw a result of his present circumstancert and ponition, tc^ proitecutc on hit^ own account, on hit own laiid and for hJR own benefit. To these New Brun»wicli: o'oei oiler, a« will bt shown, most encouraging inducements; tfieae th* Government of Nev\ Brun»*wick are justi'ied in invit- ing to a candid conMderation of thone inducements, which are, in l)riet, to th« Inuiesr, healthy, f*tujdy laborer, willing a.-^ ablt* to work, in the present ample wageB and in the near [)ro'*])ect a competence and a proprietar}^ home, lor here actual povetty, or want •f work at living wage« is unknown, and here, whilij the laborer is working, in the cities or tov/utf or settle- ttients. he at tho t-ame tim« may be paying lor and providing a farm for himself and family, in a way hereinafter to be explained fully. , The pmall farnier of Britain, if he ha« laid by ona hundred pounds or upwards, may purchase, in New Brunhwick, at almoit any time and in a most favorable location, of a charactttr to »uit hia peculiair taste, an old and well cultivated farm, with ail the ii^cesfiarj buildings upon it, in a populous settlement^, I foi KKW SRUN3WI0K. id ivit- ndj )[)le and vaiit liili; ttle- and way by J itv diar the lieut, contiguous to church and school hou«o, with a market easy of rtocews over gof)d roational, the removal of a farmer from New iJruriBwick to any other pruviuce, state or country. ;. k ■ • _ i Or fc^hould persons, of eitlior of th« claspoa named, come to the Province without sufTuient money, or Jwanting tfie disposition to invest it in the way meu> :ioned, they have liero offered them a very libeial at- tcrnative. They may become landed iti-opiiet(»r« ; owners of fi^rms of 100 acres each for the sum of $'iO jfn casli, this amount to bo expended by G(jvernment in making or improving roads to such grants ; or they |nay, if they prefer it, become equally the ownora of loo acre lotB, without expeiuiing any money, t-ut iimply by peiforming libor on the roads to or past iftieir own land to i\w. value of ten dollars per year for three years. The IanT BRUNSWICK. !t thi, «eaBon always fi"^^,X|?!;;>„ru thflufX' * ov «'20 per month and l^'"""', . .\^q settler ^S It win tl.us be V?"^^ ;^ „,,iie employ. "K "^±' a sreat advantage, >" j^''"^ ,' j' ;„ making V'V Sf during a rort.on o t-^,), «-;,;„, for it by Wocksofagvicnlturallanrlbinve g^niigrant, n t^nuneS, fo^^!^^";;;::;:^; e licUity or laA^or ac^ ^..kiiv'- choice ot a lot iKiei'- ^^^^^^^ .,ppi^ ana obtain a S'-'"''""'!,,' reserved blocks- Ma.^ est L nrovi.led to apply t ' t >« « ^ considerable at tirs blocks of land reserved '' ^ ' V „^ ,e>tlement3 form- ^,a extent been t.>ken «r, '" 'li'^i;" fen.aining unapplied the ol 4 llh^re wlieretUerearelox. 1^ inducement viewe \a- .A Wux\ of beint' ni tiiL 111" assun : in^d iU-veme»t an^^-^^^^^ ^,rtieB ot ..d d The Government is al»o p cpa , j3,„n8VViok.,ng ol ten or more, de«i'-r%"^:';-^trau amount of money be ^,, accompany an appl"='^t.on ^^Mt ai ._^_^ c ean'.'t^havd 1 aXquate to the expense of ma 'ngl^ ^^^^ ^^ ^, ^ifi^e h " Irh extent as may be a'^^" "-',;,,..., to sixteen doVgener "clearing w 11 be from f'-^'fif,:^^^ ""elected and n.rl, of f J,?.f acre to have suitable If "1? °° , a„d econobebltl: lars F^-- -^^J^^j,^ ,i,,,„.ings m«de ju'"li'^«'^'y °" "^,0 their first croftgfeks. S i;:^ocationB and at o-;,P^^; ^m in tl.reo «■ -Ho^ and thus be '^^f ^f^-^^U in the I'rovmco. | KBW BRUNSWICK. frood mber ettler ng vcv it, by t into ing on [)vinf'«# ved bj rant, in bor 'act, b, apply ingrant- ;ne Bame general head, with regard to soma of tae main Ikcili- tics oflered hero to tho man of honest industry and inteUigent desire for improving hia condition by the exercino of tiiat intelh'gence and industry. It is now (but riglit to say tjiat those who wish to avail tliein- ielves, fully, of the promising opportunities oflered in New Brunswick, should come prepared to face «omo difficulties and to overcome them by a resolute- ness of purpose, and a moral courage, not easily turned aside from the straight path to success. There should be no deception usod ; no disappointment risked. The Emigiant coming here to seek a living, whose Comforts may be increased, year by year, as tho re- sult of his own energy, should be made to under- stand the worst features of the most serious obstacle? he will have to encounter, aud these, it may safely be affii-mcd, meet him with their greatest force during^ his first year's operations. Having selected, applied for, and obtained a lot, juditions the Immigrant finds the land covered by a dense for- . Many est. Jt is fruitful in great trees. True this appears, jideraV)le at first sight, to the man whose life baa been spent nts form- amid the city populations or agricultural districts of inappli<^^ the old worlds a no ordinary difHcult3^, but the fact is, hicement viewed aright, a recommendation. In proportion as Uborhood the trees are bulky and tall and dense he may feel assured the soil tliat bears them is strong and rich parties ot aud deep. Tlie greatest difficulty lies in the remov* IrunsvvicV, lug of tliese trees in order that the free rich soil may of money be made available for the arts of husbandry, lie has y clearing^ hard blows and many to deal ; days of toil to pass be- ; of wbichfq|e he can put in his first crop. But a gracious and iixteon dol-^ierous reward for his toil awaits him. The charao- ed rtnd sni'til of the labor before him if it is heavy will be found and econoh^lthy • it will develope his muscle and strengthen viand in i^nk lungs. The crash of every tree he falls will tell proceed to^jim of his constant march toward the reward he r first cropj^ks. 1 in three oi How is the new comer to proceed? Provided witk )vince. . I under tliil I Ill ^ JfHW BRUNSWICK. I il i' I It good axo — ilio in^rnnfl iiiHtnimcnt of nil his future •iiccosrt — lio first l)uildrt liiniHolf a camp or, if lie has ft faniilj and iiitcndu to locate tljoin on tho laiui at •nee, a lopj house. In tho preparntion of tho logs for this he only rcqnirort an axe and a hmw. Tho mode •f prcpnrinj:^ for aiid Iniildinp^ is deRoiibod an follows by tlie J Ion. James Brown, in an essay published in 18C0. Mr. IJrown writing as he does froni personal •xpericnoe, he having passed through many of the ue\T settlers vicissitudoir^, is reliable authority, lie «ay« :— •* ' The building; jipofc' ehoidd, in tlir firpt plnco, be well clcaroU ind burnt, — no ^ta^(iino; ticca or ronibuHtiblo matoriala pliould be loft on il. So/iio people t.mcy, tlmfc in dminff tbo liuui xunvy of fcho ^ol•e^t trees bIiouKI bo leit for ' oniaiiicnt and upo.' liut tbiu •ttunofc >vell Ixc done. Ticch ho lel't aro very npt to bo blown down. " Ist. In tlio latter part of June, or any time in July (no other time in tbe year will uut.\\ci ) , take an axu and an adze into a Hpriico ■wanip, and peel an niuob baik n« will cover the intended lioiiw. il«ck tlnoiigh the bark of a tree in a circle round tl o bottom vvitli the axo ; Bevon feet above tliis make another circle tbrou}i;b th(' kftfk with the adze ; draw a perpendicular line with th"* edge of tho •xa from tho upjH)r circle to the lower, clean through ; from thi« lino raino the odr^o of the bark from the trco witli a sharpened Htick — continue the jirocew clear round, and in a few minute« you havo » ibeet of bark wven feet lonp;, and aa wide txn the length of the •ircumference of tha tree, l^ay tho first sheet on level ground, (white tide down) and ail the rent over it, like leavse in a book ; put a weigh*^^ on the top, and in a few days they will b« straight »nd ready for nsc. :..... •-•' '-/ "7 --• -j--- •' 2nd. Out your building logs 22 feet long for the aide walls, ami tfi feet for the end wallp. Dig your cellar of such size and dcpti; »s you ertn afiFord, or aa may be most suitable. Make your houtx 80 feet Icmg and 14 feet wide, inside, notching your logs togetbei *t the cornel's. Put plenty of (sleepers at tho bottom to support tL( . floor and beams overhead, leaving Bovcn feet clear for the height o 4 Jour rooms. Notch your logs in suitable places for a door anc lirec windows, and saw them out with a cross-cut saw. Make tli' rafters nine ' i?t long, four on each side. Put three ribs on oacl iide of tho ri .>i\ and a ridge-pole on the top ; and let your ribs es toad a foot over each gable end, and the walls of your house aro uji *' 3rd. Lay on your bark, one tier of sheets on each side of the roof and double the third tier over tho ridge-pole. Secure your bart with polos on tho outside, placed exactly over the ribs, and faster .J m N3W BRTT^^^^nOJv. 9 future f llO \VAH laiul at logs for 10 niodo follows ished in porsonal y ot" tlio ity. llo \Toll clciirod l^ idioiild bc! id inn!iy of ,' liut'thi« >lowii (lowu. ly (no other nto a Kpiuco ndcd lioiijso. bottoiti uitli tl)rou<;li the i^edgeuf tho !i ; from thi« xrpened ftick te8 you have ©ngtli of the evel jrround, 56 in a book ; 1 b« Btrai^hl I ide wailH,nn'i zo and dcpti: B your holl^^ logs tofretbe! o support tli( the height o )r & door ari( r. Make tli ribs on oacl your ribs es house are up de of thereof re your barJ * JB, and fastcij." 4hcni tt the ftamo with wiMis ab each end, and yon haven good tight roof. " 'Ith. Fiiiild your cliirrrn^y .-»lo«« frt th« and ^aU. Split the jiirnhs and mantol out of «ton«, if ronveniort ; if nnt, tttkn fitit •tunos, and mtikr a wido, hij;!i (lie p!ao«,with a muntel of hotnhn'k, which will fitiind fire better thnn ririy other wood. IJiiild to the top with Htonrj and cl^.j if yon can, if not uho ptickf, witli day uii.-ct'd with Ktraw. ♦'5th. ff bonrds -"nn be hm^, hy yonr fl'iora with them. ft(»t oH ■even feet acropfl the end, f<>"i' two bed rooiiifl. which will loavo your oth(;r room ].'')xl4- f(x*t. Trio I[;te again from Mr. i>rown, with the remark that, while the peason mentioned by that gen- tleman, and for the very gjood reaRona he gives, ia best for the clearing operation, etill as the time ca^. be best Bpared in the winter, especially when the iettler has no supplementary means, ^nd as that weiv ion is better adapted for the muscular labor required, it is a question wliether the winter season is not thd most suitable for, at iill events, felliug the tree». Mr. Brown eays : — *' In June, when the trees are in full lesif, is about the best time to commence. The piece of land intended to be cleared, should first be marked out. The under-brush should then be cut close to the ground with a strong scythe, and the small trees be also cut close to the ground with an axc. The larger trees are next to bo •ut, two or three feet above the ground, as may be most convenient i< (I II p m m m 10 NEW BRUNgWTGK. for tlio axeman, and in pnc'i r, manner that tliey may Ho on the ground in one direction, witliout crossing each other. The branchce arc tlicn to ho loppcii olT, and the t''unkH cut up into logs of con- venient leiij^th for piling. In this procews, care should l)e taiion to have all the branclioH and comhustihio niatevialB spread over the ground as evenly a« possible, in order that the lire may pat^H over the whole. A dry Hunny day in August or September, is the best time for hi'rning, an'l the lire should he set about noon, all along the windward side of the c!u>pping. If the? weather be favourable, and the niaterisilH in pro])or c -ndition, all the leaven, fog, bushes, and branches will be cunsumcd, and the whole surface of the ground blackened. The logs and b-anchcs that remain, are then to be piled up in heaps and burnt, and the ashes being s]>read, the land is then ready for the reception of the seed. Burning in the spring is a dangerous process : the fire, by reason of the grounds in the vicinity l)eing covered with v/ithered leaves and other dry suhstan- ces, is apt to spread through the adjoining folds and woods, de- stroying such fences, buildings, and standing trees as may fall in itH way ; whereas in August or Septombor, those combustible ma- terials arc so mixed up with tiie rank vegetation of summer, that the li^'o is prevented from spreading ])eyond the limits of the cho}> ping. " Wheat is sown broadcast ajnong the stumps, at the rate of » bushel to the iu-cc, and citlicr harrowed in with a triangular har- isow, or hacktvi in with a hoe. Four })onnd8 of red clover, and four quarts of timothy, mi.Ked, is the usual quantity of grass seed for an acre. This is sown after the wheat has been harrowed in. and then oovercd by passing over the ground a kind of bush harrow. Bar- ley, oats, rye, buckwheat, and pena are sown and covered in the eauie way, with the same quantity of grass seed to the aero. Pota- t<»eH are planted by laying tiiree or four outs in a place, on 4ho sur- face of the ground, and covering them up in hills with iv strong grub hue : the hills should be f oui two to three feet apart. Indian ''orn is planted netirly tliC dtimc as potatoes, with i'our r\ five ker- nels in a hill, but not bo deeply coverod. Very ubnndniuc crops ar» generally raised in this siurple way. Field is annuallj added to ♦•eld, and the new settler who first entered the forest with his pack cn Ids back, and his axe on his sho aider, becomes the owner of a productive fiinn, with his family around him, enjoying all the blci*- sings of health, peaC/C, and independence. '* There arc sf»me ditierences of opinion in regard to the manner, as well as the cost, of clearing up the forest lands. This depends mainly on the quality and condition of the hml to be cleared, and the kind of wood with which it is covered. The clearing up au acre where the ground is sloping, or nearly level ; the soil firm and moderately dry — covered with an open growth of maple, birchj beech, or othe^ hardwood, or with a mixture of all these, inter- . «jiersed with a small portion of spruce, hemlock, or fir, will cost if, i » KBW BRUN8''^IC^; 11 1 - eovotcd "v^ith a tcnvy p-';^:'';.°'d'i ;SiU nearly 'l»f;tld C^orth njov. „„rBwamp '"""',■ .-.bed liavdwood acic, worn (,„ccecdine tlan two ol tl'"' ' '7 „„„,, of this Bwampy V"'' ."uLatcly found n« llav^HK Lis clearing "> ^".f^'' ;' ,;,,.,„ent elsewhere, if -il'- f"^ '^ *,'"• the Ue t imo,, making Imnsel , onr,.infi money am , ^^ ,^"™ fennins P-'^"":'' "' ■u-auaintcd witU the ""'"^ "' „ji„jv l,i:< clearing- he nm 'l«vote the t.n.c o <-'^t^°'J'- aifficuUies hav» '"CilrBt >-■ P-:,d>:,^ 't la- of each s«c- , heon overcome, f^';, ^ .''^ '"< kli'".' <" *''« «^'"'\ f * ceedinr season is tliat " "\j.'^,i^ harvest, ami oi bi* ckured land, to the ?"'">' ,^„f'"^,. ,t all events, it i. s o -k of wliicl., ,1. tl.e ^«<^"^^i>4^ f ^ith or. or two .^desirabU. 1- ^^,7^ ^ ^Ubi. comfort. ar« m- oows and some sl.e^>, • •, r ;„ -T^l^ow, nnder <.stn.t heads .o«.^^--^,^ our settlei s iului« ^ j'i 4«- ,f the r.ommion of CanaOa •«« '^ ' Vl' and 67' SO- SO' North latitude »- „ ;« X,';[ N„,th by tbe ProT- West longitude. It -J'^ f ^Jf' obaleur, ^outb.l.a.t ^ ^„ee of Quebec and *' « ^'^^ "^ geolia, West by th. I' *mm 1% NBW BRU!^5\V10K. ■i[ •qnare miles or 17,347,360 anref?, of which 13,000,000 arc i nitihio fur cultivation, with only some 730,000 un- der actual improvemont. Jt hasasoa coast of 400 miles, exchinivo of the niimoron-^ indentations of tlie shore. 1'ho population is about 330,000, nn increase, since tlio last census, in ISGl, at the rate of abnut 3 per cent., b(Mng some 0.60 per ci^nt. greater tlian the increase of f)opu!ation of tfio United States, and from 1 to 2 per cent, greater than that of the European States. New Brunswick is witliin t(Mi days passage of Liver- pool, by steamers, of wiiich regular hues are estab- liolied between St. John, t\\Q Chief City of ^he J'rov- iuce, and the principal ports of Kiighind and Scotland. hy tliese Emiirrants nriv reach the Jhovinco for six guineas, or less. In addition to those means of trans- portation there are, constantly pl>'ing, first-class sail- ing vessels b)-- wliicli tlie passage can bo made com- fortably and speedily for. of course, very much less than by steamer. On arriving at St. John the Immigrant will find a Government immigration oflicer, prepared to fninish him with everv desirable information that can fac.'ili- tate his futurir' movements and early settlement, di- recting and assisting him to reach any part of the Province To which he may desire to go, and making Lim acquainted with tht) best openings for labor and most desirable locations in which to look for a farm. Should he land at anv of the (ndf of St. Lawrenc© ports, of the Province, he will find at Miramichi a Government agent who likewise will afford him every needed information, especially with regard to the oastern and northern parts of the Province, where there are large quantities ot valuable agricultural lands, now being made more valuable and more rea- dily available to settlers owing to the construction of the Intercolonial Railroad, which is bein;^ prosecuted from Riviere du Loup, in the Province of Quebec, and is intended to connect the several Provinces of th© Dominion. This road passes through or contiguous to eon ?it)f the ent J" for th kets o «lviat T ¥KTf BRDNSWICIf. n )00,000 000 uii- miles, ^ film re. nee t\io V cent., 1 crease 1 to 2 States. Liver- ) e >H tab- Pro V- :(itland. for six I tranrt- ss sail- e Corn- ell less find a urniHh faci li- nt, (li- jf the lahinjr )r and farm. re 11 CO jclii a ever J o the ivher© iltural e rea- ion of cuted i, and H the ;uou» eom« of the finest farming districth in that portion )f the Province last mentioned ; dibtriete the j^ermnn- ent !»'?ttlemeiit of wliicli has been hitherto retwrded for tlie want of iacilities for reaching the larger mar- kets of th« Province . Thi* diiiiculty the railroad will §l>viuttt. ••;*ji'M! CLIMATE. 'r-'^'r:^^*'^^^^* ^'-'^' '' 'rh«5 climftte of New Brunswick IihS been freqnentlj lery unfairly lepresented and, in conseqonce, serious Daisa})].)rehensionsi witli ivi^-ard to itg extremes of heat aipd cold, and tlu'. ell'ect upon liealth and upon th* hii?-biindman'» operations are, it i« feared, too general in liritain. Having no registration returns, it is not poBsible distinctly to state the death i'ate of tiie Province, but it may be broacily asserted, and this cannot be huc- 2©s.- fully controverted, that ^here is no healthier cli- :j3a(e in the world than that of this Province. Tliit >houiet uvMi^ other perswn I huvo conversed with, nwiurttmeof thi^; 14 HEW BRUNSWICK. 4 1 and the hoallhy )ook8 and Uie numeroun families of the natives all cUienoM confirm these asfturanoes. *• 2nd. That it dooe not prevent the m)il from producing oro which, other things being equal, are not inferior either in quanti or in quality to those of average Hoils in England ; while tho tab! of pr(Kluo«? introducod into a previous Chapter showw, that accvm ing to our present knowledge, it permits the soil of New Brunswii to yield crops which exceed the present averagca of Upper Cnnadl and of the States of New York and Ohio. "The admission, especinlly of this latter fact, shortens our| qniry very much, and restricts our attention almost entirely to ooonomioal influenee of the climate on tho farraftr's operation the mode in which it interferes with these operations — and tho tent to which it lessens the farmer's profiis, ** Iflt. As to the way in which it inter frres ufitk the /armor's rations. This it does chiefly by shortening tho period during wlii all the out-door business of the farm is to he performed. " The plougiiing and sowing of spring, tho root husbandry hay making of summer, and the reaping and ploughing of autu have all to be liuiried into the few months which intervene betvv the final thaws of spring and the first snows of approaching win It cannot be denied that, to whatever extent the time for these operations is really shortened in New Brunswick, in compai| with other countries, by the duration of winter, to that cxtentl Provincial farmer is hampered in his work. In connection with this point I was anxious to obtain pn data, from which I might hope to arrive at some clear idea of time for field labor which the New Brunswick farmer has n disposal. 1 therefore introduced an enquiry upon the su among the questions I caused to be circulated among the prar men of tlie Province. To this question 1 have received nunn replies ; and the following Table, compiled from thoni, exhibi times of earliest sowing and latest fall plouj»;hing in the dill parts of the Province.'' The deductions, drawn by the Profeaaor t'l'om tables alluded to, and which it is not necesaary t produce here, are — Ist. E(\rliest sowing in the Province, 17th March. Latest ploughing in the Province, 1st December. Longest Summer from these data — 8 months and 14 d; 2nd. Latest early sowing, 15th May. ^ Earliest late ploughing, Ist November. Shortest Summer from these data — 5 months and 15 •' 3rd. Mean length of the Summer from thotw two tc.m\ months and 22 days. 4th. Average interval between tho earliest sowin^;^ and .& ( ■ "J t t ^ F 8 NEW BRUNSWIOK. 15 h© natives ( )ducing or(>ii r in quantiisi! lilc the tab' that accvK BVvBrunfiwi' pper Cnnud ortena ouv entirely to t| 3 operations —and the f armor's d during will led. huflbandry i lingof autui( torveno ^®^.l roaching witij no for these ^ in compaTi that extent! to obtain pvf clear idea of nxrmer has n ipon the HUs^ ang the prar I Dceived nvnnr| thorn, exhibit | ng in the dillt .| isaor froTii ecesaary ti « irch, comber. iths and 14 fl;| nt\i8andl5fll jeo two re^^ii.^ sowing and ploughing — or mean length of Summer — deduced by combining ali the returns in the preceding Table — G months and 22 days. From this Tablo we deduce fur the nrMi period of growth of— Monthw. Da vs. Spring Wheal . . z 20 liarley, - _ . 3 ' ;; g, , Oats, . . . , 3 ' S«), ' Spring Rye, - - - - A Buckwheat, .... ;; . ' 3, Indian Corn, ----?> 321! Iflt. 2ud. 3rd. 4th. f)th. ()th. DavH. 22 IT 4 Average period of growth, Z 17 Did rny limitvS permit, I might advert to Keverai Intorcf^ting jK)inta which are eitiier brought out or suggested by a consideralion of tho dates embodied in these two tablen, and which form a valuable re- cord of the existing climatic conditions of the Province, in ho i'aras they affect Home of tiic most in»portant operations of the farmer. But returning to our immediate topic, wc have — Months. The average duration of Summer, - - , The average period of growth of crops from tho above Table, - - - - - 3 IjOaving for the spring and autumn ploughing, &c., before seed time and after reaping, 3 The average length of time, for nutiimn ploughing, &c., after harvest and before winter sets in, is about seven weeks, and in spring, before the average sowing time, about six weeks. Professor Johnston proceeds : — " It must be confessed that these periods are short compared with the time for out-door labor which the P^nglisli and more southern Scottish farmer possess. The effect ot this, if other things were equal, would impose upon the New Brunswick farmer the necessity of employing a largo force of men and cattle to perform the work of a farm of equal extent than the British farmer needs to do. If this be so, the effect must be to increase the compara- tive outlay of the New Brunswick cultivator, and to diminish in a proportionate degree his profits. " Two points, however, have been brought under my notice as in some measure palliating or countervailing any evil which may arise from this cause ; thus — " 1st. The number of days during which rain impedes the opera • tions of the British farmer is notoriously very great. In some Counties, which possess soils ot a peculiarly tenacious character,, it brings in another evil in addition to that which attends the New Brunswick winter. It not only shortens the period daring which (I fS 16 KDW EKUBTSWIOK. the TTork of prtparin^ tho I»nd «an \)9 done, buk I6 alao mrtkert it he«Ti«r «r raor* difFwiiU to do. Thua tht farmor's expenees ia (jrent Britain ar« conwider&blj iuoreau^d hj ih« proottriuuc uatur* of the cliiiiat* he lives in. " Mai in N«nr Brunswick the climate itt mor<»ite«dj and equable. Pwfiinu do not io eonitAntlj fall, and wlien tliejr do dcKctnid, tlie wile in moifc jjerte of the Prorince are ao poroua r,e readilj to al- low tli«m to p:i*8 throuj^h. Thue tlie out-door openttions of the fanaer ure leM impeded bjr min, and the ditpoaabie tiiuo he poa- .sc^weft, compared with tliat of the British farmer, id reallj not te 1)6 measured bj the number of dajeat the diepoial of each.'* As rili'eudy iiitim-ited the frost* tiiul snowaof a Now Bruiirtwick winter, in their ill etiect upuu tii© climato find vegetation, have b«eu greatly exag^rated. Tht iactfi ar«i thefttt ^nowij and frosts prove pre^iervera and proniotor.s of vegetation, im|)roving the cliaracter and i;\cilitating the working of the soil. Indeed snov/ lias been, not iu*ptlj called tlie poor farmer'e manure. On thii point Frofe^r^or Johnr^ou say;*: — " I am informed tliat the aever© froBta in wiuter gauerallj pent>- trate a.j deep in tiia ;^roand, eaipecially when it U nut corerod with jjraw, oil is concerned, thia one ploughing in New Brunuwick, may, with the aid of the Winter, be equal to twe ploughing* in Great Britaiu. But ploughing h&a alio other pur- poses to teerta, to which I tshall return on a subsequent oecaeiou. "The practical point to aacertaiu i*, how far thia wlfect of the AVinter'a front will facilitate or render unnecessary the ordinary preparatorj labors of the farm— thui lesuen the expense of cultiva- tion, and tirtually prolong the season of out-door employment. J. have been favored with many opinions in reference to the general cffectB Ol the frost in opening, mellowing and rendering friable, Bollfi of every det?cription ; but few of them advert apecitically to the degree of economical benefit which the farm derivea from it. Mr. %erj friable atate, and in better order for green gropa than any linoini ^ft mj] :::tto it'fgi' iRnd fj It'roinl ^'uulj Weig;} On : ;jr( eniplj for hi m jNEW BRUNSWICK. 17 SCH i* aabur* u&ble. id, tht to al- le po»- nuti U i Now lima to Tht ra and er and :)v/ tias aauro. \y pene- rcJ with utliev U J ah'eadj xll, or if ;h appar- ct of th« ii; nf tliix, iiemp suul wool, also nre inemiB oi' winter employ- ment, one or other of which in most districts may be made profit- ahly avnilaMe. Ill ;i(Miti(iii, it slidiild be remeinberod tbiit the win- ter season is l)est adapted ic^r, iit all events, a ptntion ot'tiie wcrk of clearinjjj land, sncb as felling and cut- tiiio- n|> tlin tn-es ; l»auling fencing ptnfl' I'rom tbe 8\vaiii|'s. and miinire to tfie '"emotei" parts nf tbe iarm, bi'caiise ill winter a road may be made and used in alninsf any direction, and over an«l in places wliicli \v. n'd III' quire impassable in summer witb wjieels. AiKi, wlii^n the settler is remote ficm market, be can ill wiiit I convey bis sftare prnduce t(» tbat marlxet wirit I -|H>cd and in qnantities wbicb wou'd not bo pr otic.di'e in summer. B<'inr'' IciVUig tliis important brancb of our subject we vviP qiK'te tbe opinion of Major Robinson, 1{. R., w o. in 18 15, explored tbe Province under direction of Ilcr Maj.Mtv's Government, lie tbus describes the l*i*>vince : — .■■ - ^''''* -::^-i-^^:^^'-rrui'h. ■.^•:.- .■-., ■ .^v,: .-• n- '■ »' 01 ti e ilimate, soil, and capabilities of New Brunswick it is imiiohsibju to fj.eak to(» highly. Tleic is not a country in the woihl So ]»csiiititully wooded andwateied. " All ii'.hjection ol the map will show that tliere is scarcely a wjctioii .»r ii wit flout its streiims, Inmi the running brook up to tl e «n\iji;«bU> ii\(^ . Two-thirdsol its biaaidary «re wjisl.ed by the sea ; (nibuKcd by tl e laijic ri\eis, tl e fet. Jot n and Kor beauty and richness of Kcneiy, this hitter tic t!c i-ii.ji n t c 1 liMlt n\«'i MMl iir f'unscLes are not surjatted ly anythiiig in Great liiirHMi. '• n (• Ii }('s ol New Brunswick are numerous and most beauti- (41I ; itr H, rli\< (! is undulating, hill and dale, vaiying up to mountain and v:ij!«v. It is cveryvs'lere, except a lew jeaks ol the highest 111 M iiui:.!-. ivAcu'd with a dense Ituest ol tl e i'nest growth. •• i' V r> nnv <-!ui cveiywl eie be penetrate N II, n^i Ki.ltiiial ifiyaliilitics, clnnatc, &»•., aie dcK-ribed in a 1 1 ••> I NEW BRUNSWICK. 19 And tlio followiiipj poetiortl l>ut tnilliful Inngnnge, writtt'ii iL'^iardiii^ riiiutlier Province of tlio Dumiiiiou, is (piiio MpplioiMo li(3ie: — ♦• N > w'tcrc on earth do the seasons of tbo year move on in hve- lior, j^niiulor |)i*.»(eHKion. In nprin^, we have n quick awakening of ve;;;ftiiMo U'v, and nature puts on her ])est attire, promptly as a bride on her wedding uiorn. Our sunnacr is short, but gorgeoua with hplond >r, and bedeirked with flowers that can hardly l)e sur- piK^fted ; wo have oppiefnive heat at tiujes, and occasionp'y drr "ght, j),it how d » our ^^llulnier showers refresh the face of all things, now wole>»iiit5 in tffc rviin, nnd how green and beautiful are tlio fields, t c u;;>ideiiK. tmd the woods, when it falls, fn autumn we have tho w iviiij; tie ds of «i;riiin and tasselled corn ; our orchards display ap- ples oi' i^M in I)askets of silvery verdure, and we can reckon even t le j;nipi! iiiii MTir; onr fruits; our forests present a richly tinted and laiiiy-'- )1 ».ired Colin ;j:e : we have mid-Octol r diiys in which the went tor irt super') ; our Indian summer is a splendid valedictory to tte sets >n .i}.;r,)\vth and harvest; a bright and beautiful heetio fl isi isics lip )ii thc! face of nature as denth draws on anrl we glide i iipeiiopti ily into winter. This, though confessedly severe, is ex- liil.iratiit;^, !.:ii(leniiig animal as well as vegetable tibre, while it has its nnieii >r;iti hn nnd joys in the tire-side Avarrath that tempera i,it » ijiMi ilitv c'ic cloj'T, frosty air; we hnve also tho merry jingle and fleet j^liiiin;;;- .»l the sleigh, and the skater's healthful sport, to- get ei with uliu.ist entire exeujption from damp and mud, two luust diH;i;j;ieenhle5ieconipanin>cnts of winter in milder climes. The e rirsietenwiiis (»f this country are only beginning to be known a'troiui, as its res )urces are only beginning to be developed at home. It otters inilueeiuents rarely surpussed to industrious, energetic, pru«lenfc sett iv i^ Ijct itoidy be thickly settled with a population wort'iy >>( It. :ind it will take no mean rank among the countries of t'le out'). S liiiiier climes there may be, but a fitter habitiition for t to dese; »p ii.Mt of a manly, vigorous race, it would be difficult to find i 1 any jii.c )f t!ie w.)rid.*' A(;Ri(in/ruR\L capabilitiks op the SOIL. « l*f •t't!<<(> 1 >'nHt<>n. I>y a clear and ox'niustivo nii- al^'-ii-! <•)'#*--, ^iil>je(rt, arrived Mt tlio Cdiiclnsjnn that N Mv !>:'ii..i ••.''! •!<: I-! (.ripihle of snstaiiiiii^ a popidfition • t tVon til' lid one li;ilf to six tnillinns of iii'iabit- fiM'^: <>! ii .!• -^ Iroiii 800,000 to 000,000; cattle from l.^XOn ;.•.,: t- ) >,000 : sheep and pi.^^s 2.5)0,000 to 5 )v),0;)0 : M'S(j results depending upon the extent 20 NEW BRUNSWICK. to which its resources of fossil fuel may render un- necessary the preservation or growth of wood for the purpose of fuel. Taking hay and oats as standards by wliich to lix the absolute and relative value of the dilferent quali- ties of soil, it is found that, the average weight of hay per acre being 1 1-3 tons — the quantity varying on the different qualities of land from 1 ton to 2 1-2 tons per acre ; and of oats as an average 27 bushels — varying from 20 bushels to 50 bushels per acre — the Province is capable of producing 17,550,000 tons of hay and 351,000,000 bushels of oats. , . . In arriving at this conclusion no reference has been had to that great and indeed inexhaustible source ot wealth and sustenance the fisheries; the value of this supply is left to stand against and pay for the West India produce and other necessaries of life which can- not be produced or raised in the Province. Applying their minimum selling value we find the following result, showing approximately the cash value of the productions of which the soil of New Brunswick is capable. :ti,;j, '?j^ 1-21 xirIicIr. ;•!;} :{-4 (i 'ii ;i-4 4k 221) it 4()() i( I 3-4 t< ItlR. TIio HdjKjrior prodiiotivcncsH of'tlio poiln of Now T^niuHwick, ns It is 1-0 presented in the secoiul of tlio nh tvo <^)liiiimH, i.> v<;ry Kt>ikir»j>. Tiio irioHintiliIe oiiiirlimioii to hv (iniwi) (rom it, jippcniH t(» '>o, tliiit liii>kin;i; (inly to what tlio hoiIh t.nder cxiNtin^ rii< linihtiiincs find inctliodH of cnltuic >ire nnid to produce tic JMuviiKX' of New lii'iinswitik irt /^rciitly Hupcrior iib a laniiing omiitiy to tl e Slate of New York. Ohio in 1848. J\''eu} Brunswick. ir)4 bushels. StnalltT Av('rai'2 bush. Birloy, '24 '27 '2'.) Oits, 3{| 33 :u Uuijkwhoat, •204 •28 :jJ3 Kyo, i^'k 18 2i:h Indian Ct)ni, 414 3ti 4.if PtttatoiiS, ),731 2^ 3 5 , 3«,4V2 4lC,'2j:5 ll-.": 18 ]V.. f)],;).)? 1,1 3 7, ')•')'» 21| 3(1 i iJucwviioat, 2(i,(;.')G 4:52, ■) 73 l(;i 28 P.ftilfc ICH, r)(;,7i)(5 4,7.->l,'23I 84 2U4 :^» A compiu ison oC tlio numbers in the lu«t two c.)h;nnu^« of tlio ab;tvc 'i'iiMe are as iiiiieh iti fjivorofNow I>iiin.s\vi(:lv an those [ have made with the avera^^e produce of the kitutos of New York and Oliio in the preceding TahlciS. • In the eapihility of <>;rowin;^ nli the e:>!nrni)!i crops on which man and heast maiidy depend, it would appear from a compariso'i <»f the ah.ive numhers, that tlie whole Pritvincc oi' New Brunswick taken t i^ether, exceeds oven the iavoured Cienei^ee Valley, and the Bouthcra shores of Lake OiUario. NEW BRUNSWICK. 28 On tlic w'lolo, t^icrcforc, I tliink t'lo result of tMs <'.)m|t'.»riK in of tlic iiotiiiil product iv.Mic!"'fl of t'lo K.)il of Now PrmiHwick wit'i t'mii of other piirtH of N n'tli .\infiri(?'i, <)iin. Si» fiii' hh my ku;i\vlcrt'i Kintnrn StntcH. If New BrmiNwick rxcocil New Y»rk in pio(Iuctivenet*» it oiij^lit a'«o to exceed a'l tlio StatcH of New Ku:^l ind. And if it will in t'us rc^psiet Itcnr ii f iv.n'siS'o «• (inpnviH »n even witli O'lio iitid wit't Upper Canada, "t hof-oines d iii'»t(ul how far on the whole tlic other Wiistcrn States are snpcri tr t(» it. Alter jLijivin;.»: tli(^ o-ciiCMiil nvern«res «if ohcIi Coniity ill llie l*rovin '(i tli.:) I'mfesjior «tate:s : I general aveva<»:o wcijrlita for t' o whole Province arc for ind I Wheat, (')() 11-13 1» liar ley, 50 OatB, 38 lo. lo. Biickwteat, -.S 8-11 Ihn. InilianCorn, 50 1-2 do. P.)tatocH, ()3 fl Rye, 52 1-2 do. Carrots, ()3 do. 'InrnipH, (iG do. Thcpo average wci. io- dicate a capacity iit the woi! and climate to produce g.ain or hiiinan fo.)d of a very Boperior quality. He til of each ci'o[j leii jLives tlie :r. era;e nu iiey va'ue ol' >iu acre Siafc of Ohio. Canada West. New Bruns rj k. Wheat, 12 I'J IJarley, 2 4 Oatfi, 1 13 9 llye, 1 12 4 Buckwheat, 1 Ui 3 Indian Corn, 2 15 12 4 7 1 19 4 1-2 111 1 5 10 1-2 8 5 2 14 4 1-2 Li) 13 13 7 1-2 3 () 7 <• 5 Piitatoes, 9 4 1-2 C 8 10 ^, 19 11 A glance at these tlp-eo c;>ltiinns KiiDwshow mnc'i hirior a in aioy return the New Brunswick land yit^Ms to the liiinic.- than that of oither Upper Canada or of the State Of O'li). UidenH there 'te B.)iuothin >fc.4 '.! u.-allv cm rai-te 1 ni >ro ohoiply in t^it^ Province than either in New Yv»rk Stite, t.io State of Jio, or Upper Canada ; and b. That it ou 24 NEW BRUNSWICK. 2n(l. From the prices obtained— Th^i if the farmers in thcw countries can make a living, the New Brunswick fanner should bo able to do fco easier, and hould be better off than they are. It may be appropriately staterl Iiere that, at tlic London and Paris Exhibitions, New Brunswick took the first prize for oats, the weight being 57 lbs. per bushel. The foregoing calculationn were made eome twenty years since. New Brunssviek was tlien but beginning to realise the importance of husbandry and the means of its improvement. Even as Professor Johnston pas- sed through the country and witnessed the surpris- ing evidences of its agricultural resources and capa- bilities, he w^as pained to see the wretclied implemeutr^ employed, and to learn the crude notions entertained, by many farmers, with regard to the nature and pro- per modes of prosecuting their business. Apart from the comparative ignorance that prevailed he found that agriculturists were presciibed in their operations owing to their inaccessibility to the larger markets. At that time those States and the Province with which the Professor has brought New Brunswick into comparison, had already far advanced in the develop- ment of agriculture as a science ; with large and nu- merous markets accessible from all sections by rail- roads, they had every advantage over New Bruns- ivick, and a consideration of these facts make the re- sults as shown more extraordinary. Since that t/me a great chnnge has taken place in New Brunswick- Her ratio of increase in population ; in quantity of land brought under cultivation ; in the results from the land, owing to improved methods of cultivation, of rotation of crops, of adaptation of seed, &Q., has been much greater than it was previous to 1848. '' And now, hundreds of miles of railroad have been built which then were only being talked of, while more extensive lines are in course of construction, thus encouraging the fanner to intelligent labor, by : Bri ^ tri( I fiel I onl she the Br ^ fie ^ at of ' th( Pr I th< iVEW BRUNSWICK. 25 •^ in thcfKi =;lioiild bo re. fc, at tlic ick took Ibs. per e twenty egi lining 10 means ston pas- su rpris ind capa- plemeutfi ertained, and pro- ^art irom he found perations larkets. nee with wick into develop- Q and nu- 3 by rail- w Bruns- e the re- place in piilatinn ; [1 ; in (he etbods of 1 of seed, 3vioiis to ^ve been of, while tiuction, labor, by making more valuable the products of his fields, be Gau:3e Rurt/ to yield an immediate and profitable re- turn. In some respects the prices upon which Pro- tessoi Johnston based his average of the money value, of an acre of each crop, as given above, have changed, but while, for some articles, the prices given are higher than obtained now, some others command to-day a higher price than they did then. And the fluctuations that affect this average in New Bruns- wick have an equal effect in the other countries named so that, at all ev juts, our relative position is not changed to our disadvantage. ' , ' It has been sufficiently shown that the soil of New Brunswick is productive enough to afiord the indus- trious settler a home where he may from his own fields reap that happy crmpetence plenty : and it is only necessary, under this head, to add, in order to show that there is still an immediate demand for more agricultural produce than is at present raised^ the fact that in 1868 the Province imported from British and Foreign markets of the products of the field and the dairy, articles valued, and paying duty,' at $211,596. while this is far exceeded in the value of similar products brought into the Province from tho other Provinces of the Confederation and from Prince Edward Island, no details of which appear on the official records. :[■;: : LAWS AFFECTING 8ETTLEBS. In 1868, the Legislature of the Province enacted conditions upon whi<'h lands for settlement may be obtained — omy less liberal than free grants. While, in some countries, the policy of free grants is pursu- ed, the acquisition of such lauds by settlers is subject to conditions that render it, in fact, less generous than those by which tho New B/unswick law is qua- lified. For instance, wdien free grants are provided for, it is not by any means the most valuable or most ? ? I 26 NEW liRUXSWICK. accessil»!o laiids tliat Mtc rerferver! for tlie settler, aii'l lie iniy ^at /'or no^hifn/ tint w'lic'i i^ renlly worth notlila/. I5;ir in rlie pre.^onr oa^e the l)l.<»i*'i<.s of* I iinl snrvevii'l f'u" suttleiniMit are S('le<*te(l »vith tlio uicfst care in view «>t' tlieii* juI iptufion for !itiri<5ultiire, an*!, .a-^ his ali-ei'ly lie«ui rftatotl, Muj intcii liiii^ sotilei* is not L'oiiMiied, in liis selectini;, oven tn siicli blocks,! but is at !ii)erty after n<;li 8uch landH, atid may have tiie eaid hindis surveyed and laid olT in one hundred acre h)t8 on l).)th nidew of wiich road. 2. That all lots sj surveyed and laid oQ\ and all other Lits of Crown Land which have I)uen surveyed ar\d are eajjihle for settle- luont, shall be reserved for iutual settlers, nnd shall not be disposed of to spei^'ulators or for luinhcript!; purposes. 3. That one hundred acres of laud so surveyed be located to im- iiiii^rants or other m;le ficisons ol tiie ao;e of ei;j;hteen years and upwards, who do not own any otl-er land in the Province, upon the following:; terms nnd Cv)!!diti.)ns, viz.: — On payment of twenty d )'lars cash in advance, to aid in the construction of roads juid hrid^:;c ' ir- the vicinity tjf his location or up )U (lis perforiuiuj!; laM)r on such roads niui lMid;!;es uO tlie extent of ten dollars per year for three years, as maj' be diiected by the G )vt':ru>)r in Co.iucil or oIfi!;cr appautcd to scipcrintend the same. lie hhall 'Mnmienco iiniirovio'!; his locati.in immediatelv after oh- tajnii!<;- permission to (u t-upy tl e same, and shall within two ycais thereafter satisfy the Governor in Couiu-il cl at 1 e lias built a hoi.hc t!iere m of n )t less dimensions tliaii sixteen by twenty lect, and is residing thereon, and that he has cleared at least two acres of said land. 'lo shall contirme to reside upon said land for three consecutive years, at the expiration of wliic'i time, provided he shall have cleired und cultivated at least ten a(aes of the said land, and per- foi-med the lab )r iu the n)ainier hereinbefore ];)rescribe(i, or jiaid twenty dollars in advance, a ;^iant shall issue to him of the t)no Jiundied acres so hn-ated as aforesaid ; jirovii ed always, that shoidd the means of sucli pjrs/u locatin;^ as afiresaid ho limited, he nniyi froui tinu; t ) time am! for rcas.aiahle peri ids, absent himself Iron Biid land in i)rder to pn.-cure the nuans of pupp,>rt it"- himself ur family without forfoitinj/; his clai a to constant residence. IS il: isr KP NEW BRUNSWICK. 27 ertler, aii«li •tUy ?t;orM I :?< of I iihI I tlio nicest Itnro, }iii«l, ; sotiler is| cl« block's (1 (»i)(^iiiry| L'd lands a /It to fori. s follows ; irtions of tlic various paitaf nnd tlin)n<;li^ id laid o\S int^ other lilts old hie Ibr Kettlc-f jt be diKposcdl ocnted to iin- eti vesn-s nndl nee, upon the ^ o aid in thej is location or| cO the extent] lected by thc; aid land, su'd piiid tiie twenty doHurs advince, or performed lab )r on the roads and hrid;j;cs t.» the extent of ten dollars or upwards, eiit and haul lumber and timber from off the said lot; but h.e sl.al! not Kel! or otlier\vii*e (lispose of the standing timber until l.e has obtained a grant of Mid lot. 5. Titat every actual pettier who W indebted to the Grown on ao- oount of the iot oeeupied by him, provided sueh lot do not contain ni >re than one hundred acres, and if he owns no other land, and I as resided on sueh lot for three years next preceding, and has eleaied and eultivated ten acacs thoie if, and has paiwin/j: tiiM(^ siiows Iu.w tlii!«>e lands art) distril)uted in the Province : — M e consecutive le shall have ind, and pei- if)ed, or jtiiid n of the Olio s,that shoiiiil ited, he may himself fron; himself ar ; CO. \p. 28 NEW 15RUNSW.TCK. m Estimated Contents, in acres, of the Province of New Brunswick, October ^\st, 1867. County. Granted or Located. Vacant. :, Total. - Restigouche .... Gloucester Northumberland, Kent, 193,310 381,784 1,014,605 465,653 675,512 308,812 340,614 411,665 733,293 595,554 419.616 1,120,226 518,221 405,632 7,584,497 1,233,250 655,656 1,965,395 560,747 202.928 124,748 74,106 371,695 110,627 365,726 362,464 1,081,374 181.779 2,466,368 1,426,560 1,037,440 2,980,000 1,026,400 878,440 433,560 414,720 783,360 849,920 Westmorland,. . . Albert, Saint John, Charlotte, Kinff's Queen's, Sunbury, York, Carleton, Victoria, 961,280 782,080 2,201,600 700,000 2,872,000 Acres, 0,762.863 17,847,360 And the followini:]^ is a list of reserved vacant Crown Lands which have been specially selected and sur veyed into Lots of one hundred acres each for settle- ment. OOFNTV or UKSTIGOUCHE. -v- Acrcs. 5,000 In the "■ Colcbrooke" Settlement, four miles S. W. from Campbclton. 4,000 In the " Babnoml'' ^Settlement, ton miles S. VV, from Dalhousie. 7,000 Between Benjamin River and Nash's Creek, live milen south from Bay Chalcur. 3,000 East of Jacquefc River, four miles c>outh from Bay Chalour. .': ,.._--^.;l_.__., ^_, COUNTY Oi' GLOUCESTER.... ..:„1.^....,,^^:,.,,,.,_.,_.,„4-;.. 4,000 In the " Madisco " Settlement, ten miles N. W. from Bathurst. 5,000 In the *' Clear Water " Settlement, on a new road from Bathurst Road to Tracadio. i 1'' NEW BRUNSWICK. 29 5,€00 North of Little Tracadie Rivor, on the above mentioned new road to Bathurst. 'i 1,0(10 In "Saint Louisa" Settlement, north of Tattigouche J I River, and ten miles west from iiathurst. I 1,('00 In " Roseli ill" Settlement, 80uth of Tattigoueho River, and ten miles vretjfc from Bathurst. 10,000 In " Pacquetvill " Settlement, south of Caraquet River, and twenty miles S. E. from Bathurst. f -^ ^''- ' COITNTV or NORTHUMDERI.ANF). 1<),C00 In the '- Ercadalbane " Settloment, on Dungarvon River, ten miles west (Vom MeLao-L^an'H Mills. (\j\:si) u!' Ki:.\r. [l5,000 In the "Rhomboid" Settlement, on Buctoncho River, two miles west from the McLauohlan Road. [11 jttCO Aec-adieville, north uf Kouduboiqueck . ': ^ ^ ^'^.^^ hn. n,-Md St. Fi-aaoi8 and St. B isil, Madavraska, Victoria. 2'5l,h)2 Acres. While the Province; of Onhirio offiTs free grMnt>», iitilt3r lotu il settleiri 'lit (iOll<^iti^)lH, t'ley a»"e yjivon In j»rHsci'il»e I limit-*, ;ire rem )tt>, an 1 tljnir siipjrior ;ulap- r ition for agricn'tmal pursuits h questinn, st^ts in the f. Olds of an administrator for p lymcnt id' debts, nor subject to the laws « f di>tribution, so long as the A idt'W, or children uudi-r age, nr any -r.iie: or if the wd'e be dead, mikI there bo children liver Saint )n. five miles even miles rom River a. 3 gru ntiJ, ijjivo!! in ior ;ul;ip- II, meste;id to the vuliie of six hundred diiiars, in cas«' an exe<-ntion is levied on the proper- ty, when the whole vnliie of the same is more than six hundred dollars, the hushand or the wite having the selection of the porti.iii of the property on vvhicii thev 'id to the del>tor or his representative, with tiie written consent of his wile, or in case of her death, of t!ie eldcf^t adiilt member of the family. This law a[)plies to leasehold as well as freehold i property. HKI.IGION. ! All tlie dilFerent forms of religious belief existing I in Britain are represenfed in New Brunswick, where there is no undue prep»>n leiaiice of any one sect; - w'lere there is no stale cJinrjdi; and where the most »Mitire freed. »m [»revads, e<[U d protection being af- f »ided lo the wnrshi[»|).'r oi (iod, no matter wlia*:- the dislin^uiohing name undei' which that worship is con- ducted. riie cree'fs in New Puiniswick numbered respec- tively, accoidiiij;" to tlu3 census of lli^til, as ftdh.ws: — Churc . of ll.iiiic, 85,238 Church of Eiigaiiii "^-j^ *^ r*" 82 NEW UKUNSAVICK. Presbyterians, 36,072 ; . Wesleyan Methodists, 25,G37 Baptists, 57.730 Lutherans, 113 .. ., Ccngregationalists, 1,290 ./, Miscellaneous Creeds, '2,GQ4 ,' .., No lleligion, 10 .^ J No Creed stated, 517 ■V.V-. EDUCATION. ' •' ■j-i ill fi i i' ' Tiiere is no State or country, perhaps, where the public revenues have been more liberally dispensed, in promotion of Common School education, than in New Brunswick. There is a Provincial Board of Education, consist- ing of the Lieutenant Governor in Council and a Chief Superintendant of Education. There are four district inspectors for the Province and the law provides for Parish Trustees and School Committees. There is also a Provincial Training School, for teachers, from which such must graduate in order to be entitled to receive Provincial allowance. The establishment of School Libraries is also provided for by Government as well as the character, ventilation and furnishing of School Houses. In addition to these, provision is made lor Gram- mar and Superior Schools. These schools are main- tained by a Provincial grant and by local voluntary expenditure by the parents of the pupils. In 1868 the attendance at the Common Schools was 44,819 pupils. The Provincial expenditure on these was $82,049.55 and the local contribution $110,048,16. Total $192,097.71. Of Superior Schools there were 23 open during the winter term, attended by J484 pupils ; in the summer term 24 schools and 1,402 pupils. The Provincial expenditure in maintenance of these was $7,768. 34,and the local expenditure $8,973.76. Total $16,742.10. So NEW BRUNSWICK. 38 li 'ir^j' \ • ii:U<>''i 'M I'Q tllO )ensed, ;haii in jousist- a Chief district d.s lor here is •8, from [tied to nent of rnnient hi rig of Gram- e main- liintary ols was n these ,048.10. 'ing the summer ovincial .34, and 142.10. Of Gra-nm'ir Schools there were 13— estimated number of pnpiKs 9G5 ; the Provincial expenditure in nid $1,672; Local expenditure $3,122. Total $7,794. It will tlius he seen th*.»t the whole number of pu- pils attending all these schools was 47,268. That the whole amotmt of expe.Kllrure from the public chest, to m liiitain them was $0 1,81:9. Tofal of local expen- diture, $122,143, or a grand total of $216,992. New Brunswick has a Provincial University hand- somely eu'lowo'l, with a staff of professors eminenti/ well qualified for their positions, supplied with an excellent library and all the most necessary and mod- ern scientific instruments, in which the higher branches of »^ducanon are taught, and on the most liberal and encour iging terms for the students. There are free scholarships provided for each County in the Province and^ in addition, a certain number of free students arc admitted. The aujount voted by the Logislnture, and authorized by law, in 1868 for this Institution was $8,884. In ad'lition to these institutions, there are a num- ber, sectarian and charitable, in the Province, for sup- port of which $14,601) were appropriated in 1868. 1^0 that some $120,000 was, in all, devoted in the year named from the puhli'! revenues to the support of education, in the Province. A change in the educational system is at this mo- ment being K;>:itated and the Government have pre- pired a measure the object of which is to make the Common Schools free, they to be supported by Gov- ernment aid as at present and by iirst, a direct tax upon property ; and secondly by a poll tax of 25 cts. a head upon every male inhabitant over 21 years of age. \ f' n r> ' '"• ' ' • ^ w -a, H Jj.r/)' ec, 19 'J'he 30,000 tenant »rai in Honor, . . I » r 1 Lemuel Allan Wilmot D. C. L. a native, and formerly a prominent politician, and more lately a judge of tiie Su- preme Court, of New Bnmswick, an Executive Council, a legislative Council and a House of Assem- bly. Tlie Executive is composc^d chiefly of memhera of the assembly being headn of departments ; it is re- sponsible for ils a(^ts to the Assembly and its mem- bers hold oflice only while it can command a niMJority of votes in that Assembly. So that the people — the voters of the Province, nre the direct source of all Executive power. Self GDvernmentessentially exists. The Executive consists of the Provincial Secretary, Attorney General, Surveyor General or Commission- er of Crown Lands, Commissioner of Public Works, and five members without office. The Legislative Council has 18 members, appoint- ed by the Lieutenant Governor. Its functions are, as relates to the Legislature of the Province, in general terms, similar to those of the House of Lords, and it is an independent body, forming a conservative ele- ment in the machinery of Government. "* The House of Assembly is composed of 41 elective members ; the general elections take place every four years. Every male British subject of the age of 21 years and upwards, who has been assessed, the year previous, in $ 100 real estate or $400 personal property, is entitled to vote at elections for members to the As- sembly ; the vote being by ballot. The Local Government, of Counties and Parishes^' is by a Bench of Magistrates in Sessions, or ^by Mu- nicipal Councils composed of Councillors elected by the rate payers. As yet but three Counties, Carleton, York and Sunbury have become incorporated under the Municipal Act which is permissive. TAXATION. it ,f mm il)|w The tax for Connty and' Parish purposes, support' of Poor, &c.f is so light as not t6 be worth naming. r ' '4.>N,' -i'iiJMi:* I I if 56 KBW BRUNSWICK. The Dominion revenuo is raised, altogollier, by in- direct taxation iunl tlio oxpenditiiro bcin^c about $15,- 000,000, it amoiuita to $3.75 per licad on the \h minif»n population, while in tho United States the Federal tax is $10.50 per head; besides tljis there are M'\\^^ taxes which increase the taxation there to ovci $12 per head. The public debt of tho Dominion is $23.50 per head ; that of tho United States $80 18. Tho revenuo of New Brunswick is derived from the following sources. The Dominion Government con'ributes a subsidy of eighty cents per head of the population, adjusted every ten years, until it readies 400,000 ; $50,000 per annum for all lime, for expenses of (jovernment and Lojiislation, and $G3,000 per year for ten years irom 18G7. 'I ho receipts from theee enbsidies in 18G8 were $314,037. 'J'hen New J^runswick controls its own export duty ; casual and territorial revenues ; Supreme ('<'Urt fees ; auction duties ; fees of Provincial Secretary's Office, &(i., and the^e, with the sum given abt "o yielded in 1868 some $432,000. while the local ex- penditure for that year was $412,000. ]t will thus be seen that the individual tax depends entirely up(>n the quantity of dutiable articles con- sumed ; and the farmer who lives largely within hia own resources and depends mainly upon the j^roduc- tion of his own land contributes buii verv little to the general revenues. In fact there is no country in the ■world, to-day, so lightly taxed as New Brunswick, and no class of persons therein so lightly as the agri- culturists. , f,j^,4^,j 'bmrnf}' WAGES. It has already been stated that absolute poverty, wiiii men who are willing and able to work, is un- known. Once landed upon our shores, pennyless though he be, the emigrant and, if he have a familj, every member thereof ablQ to worjc can find imm<|di- ^ NSW budnswick. 8T ftto emplnymont. Tiio valiio ofliibor fluctuates ."^ome- vrlifit, of coiirao, but tfio ordln-iry laborer oan p,ene- rally comiiifind one dollar per day — this is stated us abi'iit tlio avoiago. Farm sorvaiit}^ jye pjonorally in demand at wap:ea varying from $8 to $15 per month, and found with board. During TTarveat wages rise frequently as liigb as $1.50 per day. Fern de servants are in great demj^nd all over the Province, an -,,,..,. Thus there is no direct tax upon the inhabitants for roads. The appropriation for Great Roads and Bridges made by the Legislature in 1868 was $110,000; for bye-roads $68,000. Then, too, the Province has built, or materially en- couraged the building of railroads, with a liberality, in proportion to its revenues and population, that Jias scarcely been surpassed by any Government. ' ' There are some 400 miles of railroad completed in the Province in, aid of which the Government has con- tributed about 94iren millions of dollars. These roads connect every important Town in the Province with each other, and with the commercial capital St. Jolm. They afford two outlets for the trade of the interior of the Province to the sea, one at St. John and another at St. Andrevvs. Tiines radiate from St. John east- ward to to the Gulf of St. Lawerence, jonnecting with the propot^ed Intercolonial road, to Halifax, and the other chief ports of Nova Scotia , westward to Fredericton, St. Stephen, and connecting with tho United States railroads, to all points of that Union, and the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. From St. Andrews there is a railroad, the first completed in thp Province, direct to Woodstock, which ia on the ri?«5r St, John, and a central point of the most flourishing t if 40 NEW BRUNcJWICK. agricultnral diptrict in the Provinco. This road al^o connects with St. Stephen and with the other l*rovin- ciai lines. While the railway policy pnr?ued it^ one calculated to develope every industry, its r»ost striking ^fiVct Leretoforo has been seen in the new stimulus it gives to agriculture. 'I he Intercolonial Railroad, of which aome 300 miles will be in New Urun^wick. is intended link Halifax at the one extreme with Sarnia nnd the Great West, opening up a great highway for In- tercolonial trade entirely upon »ind over British ter- ritory and ultimately to connect the Atlantic and l*a cific Oceans and present a short, speedy, and n»-w cluuinel for trade between Britain, China, and th© East Indian Empire. NEW BRUNSWICK & QUEBEC RAILROAD..^^ An Association has been formed for the construe tion of a Railroad from Woodstock, the Nortii West- ern termini of the present New Biunswick Railroadrt^ to Rivierj du Loup, where it will connect with the Grand 'Jrunk of Canada; with a branch liiie from Woodstock to Frodericton. 'ihe total distance of this contemplated work witj.'in the Province is 170 miles. The Pr(U'inrial Legislature*have passed the nece^'sary measure for a grant in aid of the Ciunpany of 10,000 acres of land per mile or some 1,700,000 acres. It is the intention of the Company to give away alternate lots free to laborers on the jdad. 50 acres to men who work one year, 100 acres to ihosc who work two years. The minimum wages $i per day to able bodied men, and provision will be made to bring out immigrants desirous of woiking upon ttie raihoad from Britain. Thus woik at good wages^ will be provided for a large corps of laborers with a . Isandsome bonus in land. The Company propose to sell a portion of the land at prices ranging from ^1 per acre and upwards. cm Thl iBol the i) \] lintil rhit fiver IDUJ kbl) [ivt NEW BRUNSWICK. 41: IVovin- Iculated ^ e fleet it ^ivc»a r wljich iteuded lia ;uid for I Il- l's 1 1 ter- and I*a neyond that point the St. John is navi- svble fur boats and canoes almosi, to its source. The Madawaska vt • is . navi^^able for small steamers thirty miles, up to Lake L'eir .ou .:», a sheet of water twenty-seven miles long, from two o six miles in width, and of great depth. From the upper end of lis lake to the river St. Lawrence, at Trois Pistoles, the distance about eighteen miles only. Another large sheet of water in connection with the St. John, is le Grand lake, the entrance to which is about fifty miles from th© 3a. This lake is about twenty-nine niiles long, and from two to jven miles in width. The Salmon River enters the (Jrand Lake 3iU' its head, and is navigable for small vesH?ls and steameis for 16 miles. The Maquapit and F'rencb Lakes are connected with [he Grand Lake by a deepr, narrow channel, through whicl; •=»Hmll resKcIs can pass. The Washadem^olN Lake is about twenty miles long, and on thcf"* [verage, three q'' ! 'fis df a mde in wiilth. The stream from it intcir the St. J t* v \;ut forty miles from the sea. This hike i8 iviu;iihle for sifa r? i; the mouth of th<' New Canaan rivC'r, rhich fl >W8 in ixt its ...,i"'T. ■' The Kennebecasis river, a la -go tribjitnry of the St. J(»hn, is 80 ii!c8 long ; it is navigable f\)r steamers 25 miles from it mouth to j- ampton, where vessels of 500 tons have been built. Tin? Oro-^ loeto is another large tiibutary flowing fVom two large lakes, na- ' ^igahle for vessels drawing eight feet of water for 20 miles from ts mouth. It enters the St. John f'.om the westward, 72 miles roia the sea ; Hhin its mouth vessels of 1200 tons are built. The lashwaak, ti-e '..eswick, the Mactaquack, and the Naokawie arc " considerable •- cams entering the St. John from the eastwardii. ^he Tobique is a large river, 80 miles in length, with its tributaries ratering a large tract of country east of the St. John. Tlierc lire many other trbutaries of tho St. John, both from the eastward ^nd the westward, among which the Arooetouk is the must consid- ruble. - ■:f1ff 42 NEW BRUNSWICK. iS The Pctitcodiiic is a large river flawing into Cum^)erland Basin, near the head of the Biy of Fundy. It is navlsjible 25 miles foi- vessels of the largest size ; and for schooners of CO or 80 tons for 12 miles further, to the head of the tide. — The whole length of thi« river is about 100 miles; above the tide it is navigable for boats and canoes fully fifty miles. The Richibucto is a considerable river flowing into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is navigable for small fessels for 15 miles above the harbor at its mouth ; the tide flows up it 25 miles. The Miramichi is a large river, navigable for vessels of 800 tons for 25 miles from the Gulf, and for schooners 20 miles further, to the head of the tide, abovo which for 60 miles it is navigable for tow boats. This rivei hay many large tributaries spreading over a great extent of coun '• . The Restigouche, at J ». th eastern extremity ot the Province, is a noble river, three mu wide at its entrance into the Bay of Ohalenr, and navigable for large vepsels for 18 miles from the Bay. The principal stream of the Restigouche, is over 200 miles in length. Its Indian name signifies, *' the river which divides like the hand," — in allusion to its separation, above the tide, into five large streams. The main river, and its large tributaries, widely spread, are sup- posed to drain at least 4000 square miles of territory, abounding id timber and other valuable natural resources. -'rn ; .> The Bay of Uhaleur, into which the Restigouche flows, may be described as one immense haven, with many excellent harltors. Its length is 00 miles, and it varies in breadth from 15 to 30 miles ; yet in all this great extent of length and breadth, there in neither rock, reef, nor shoal, nor any impediment to navigation. On the «outhem or New Brunswick side of this Bay, the shares are low, the water deepening gradually from them. On the northern or Canadian siue, the snores are bold and precipitous, rising into eminences which may almc t be called mountains. Besides the rivers mentioned, there are very many others, ot fluch size as would entitle them elsewhere to be deemed very consid- -crftble. An inspection of the map of New Brunswick will shovy how admirably the country is watered throughout, no portion of it being without running streams, " from the smallest brook to the navi- gable river," by which the country can everywhere be penej^rated. $3fo the s iCeed Bocie there point 'Oove ber. |)rese f Ev^ -in ma ties M prerni prodi] HDhani( of ap ; Th( it wl Provii AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. New Brunswick has no Government Bureau of Ag- riculture. It does, however, encourage that branob of industry by liberal grants from the public chest. In 1868 $10,000 was appropriated for this service. Tkw ^rant is divided among the local Agricultural ;Societie8 of the Province which receive at the rate of I The j^runs '3 runs I". »?' iprinci] Arm "i Thi^ Kew £ Fhe bl t is Mi lar^ ttles NEW BRLNSWICK. 43 ,nd Basin, miles fi)i' ;oQS for 12 th of thin for boats le Gulf of liles above f 800 tons further, to vigable for ading over 5 Province, the Bay of n the Bay. sin length, the hand," ge streams, i, are sup- oanding id re, may be writers. Its 30 miles; e m neither n. On the 58 are low, lorthern or rising into others, o[ ^erv oonsid- 1 shovr how rtion of it to the navi- penetrated. lU of Ag- I branob chest, service, •icultural le rate of |$3 for every dollar raised by local subscription, but Itbe sum given by the Government in no case to ex- ceed $600 in one County unless there be two or more societies, in which case the maximum pTant is $800. Tliere is a Provincial Board of Agriculture, com- i)ose(l of one delegate each, from Counties in which phere are estabhshed societies; of three members ap- Ipointed by the Government and these— the local and ^Government delegates — choose one additional mem- |)er. In case of the failure of a society to electa re- presentative the Government supplies the vacancy. Every County in the Province has its Society, and n many of the Counties there are two or more Socie- ies which, each, hold annual shows at which liberal bremiuma are awarded for the best exhibition of farm produce ; articles of domestic manufacture and me- chanical productions. Sometimes, however, instead if appropriating their money in this way. Societies devote their means to the purchase of stock, seeds, , Lime of su|)erior quality is produced in various parts of the Province, as is also plaster for agricultural pur- poses, ' . '• ytimm!> I ■hp. KBW BRUNSWICK. 45 EstablishmentvS for the manufacture of cloth, wollen and cotton —boots and shoet*, leath *, furniture, car- riages, staves, doors, saslies, f)Mper, soap, steam engines, locomotives, agricnlturMl implements, stoves, are in lo in fivo ,^u<;cessrnl operation, and yearly multiplying. Mills for the mannficture of sawed lumber and flour |are erected on nenily every stream C}ipal>le of driving |tht^m, 'iU)<]j the Province bein^jj abui^dantly supplied fwlth such, the settler will find himself, wlierever he m.,/ locate, not very i\\v distant from a mill at which pie mny have lii.s logs jnade into l^oaids and his grain ood pro- )any d'ls- >ncy, per has bee>» e import jjartially fin to flour. n copper, Of these iits, is be- iitities, at (/opper Bav Min- ri King*3 ►rked — in rted. id Lake, at Mils- deposits rainatiiig ous parts ural pur- • • ■'•'.iitif unty, of nnY 01 ince'haa iw years', zans and tivb mar- CITIES AND TOWNS. I Tlio two principal cities in the Province are St. iJohn, at the month of the river ol that name, which Iflows through (he entire length of the Province, emp- Itying into tlie Bay of Fniidy, with a population of fsonio 40,000. and Predei ii-ton, the ^^cat of Govern- ment, with a population of 8000. There are a number IAf Towns varying in p(>|)\ilation from two to four ^thousand, and fast incieasing villages, scattered all over the Province; indeed, travel where you may in those portions where the foiest has been broken by settlement, you wijl find m every ten miles at least, a village with stores, post office, mechanics' shop, churches, school house, »'ova Scotia, at their annuid show had an exhibition of cereals, roots, cattle, horses, shee[), manufactured articles, itc, wlneh woi^ld do credit to any agiicul- tural district of the same population in Noith America. These instances are given because the writer had the data at hand, but they are only intended to indi- cate the general success which has attended the de- velopment of the agricultural capabilities of the Prov- ince wherever, as has been the case in nearly every section of it, settlements have been foimed and hon- est ambitious hearts and sturdy arms have engaged in that development. To those who think ol emi- grating to America the above examples are submitted and they are cordially invited to come bore and " do ■'#>• springs, 'US usti- II 8ettle- lot suflR- ?os, mid hiritory in tho Scotch )out the (1 in tl)e ille after lan, who gration. inl8G9 )en]oen, Snowies- tlerriont i'\uce of [hibition acta red agiicul- niericrt. ter had to indi- tlie de- le Prov- every bd huiv |ii gaged ol emi- hmitted id " do ADDITIONAL, I :s Being Bpecitic information furnished the Gorern- ment touching the means available for reaching New Brunswick ; the immediate demand in the several Counties for labor, skilled and unskilled, and the farms fur sale, with prices attached. It must be remembered that while the statement us to the number of workmen, women and children, required is correct as far as it goes, it is, owing to thei ditiiculty of obtaining thorough information, less than the number actually required. In the spring of the current year (1870) a number f circulars were issued to leading Agriculturists and lanufdcturers in the difleren^ Counties in New 'Brunswick, to ascertii**i what cultivated farms were in the market for salb or lease, and what immediate mployment could be found for labour ; from answers ecoived it has been ascertained that Immigrants 5vvith some surplus funds would be at no loss to invest pdvantageously in improved Farms in every section §)t the Province ; and from abstracts lurnished to Mr. iEiobcrt Shives, Emigrant Officer, St. John, and to Mr. «Jolm Layton, Emigration Olliter, Miramichi, all ne- |cessary inl'ormatiou can be obtained from either of hose gentlemen. --''' Laborers of all descriptions, but most especially 3icld laborers and female house servants, are in great liiiid constant demand, and several hundred can at all ^;imes find employment by applying to Messrs. Shives r Layton. The following is a synopsis of certain data fumisk- ;1 by responsible parties in answer to the circulars : w ■til. li NEW EHUNSWICK. t . ■ ' i . ' ^ B ndopu o; B^og C3 -^dop8 O^ B[Jtjr) B9oi;najddy po;«tJM*«0lt)lU8J •po^UBAi sputju ra.it? J O Em • •-1 a Q cj a E rt C jv i tn-S w'^ -^ 3 -^ ^ ^ ^ e r- 1 CI »~< '— ' rH O i-H C^l rH T-H o g.a ^ ^ O eJ a C^J •^ w CI (NO I I 8:. rH CO O Q lO o ri CO a B coco oo o o o O 'N *>! O C C >^ T^ 1^ ^Cr ^^ Tl^ o o o o o o -4J +J -»J ■*-'■♦-» ■♦-' o p o >o O lO •»t* 00 Tti (N -rt* CO s a s a a a c o o o o o f-' Ln ^ ^ M &-t C'M V> <4-C »< t^ t> O lO oo t^ Cr^ CM £C; O O B .'■■? CO o a ao*" O O CO ■is «i5 ■*>^ o o a a o o CO ' CO CO o (M o o o2 S ooo >^ O O O O C' c^o^ooo ^ o ^ -t- ■+-> o p o o o oo oo o o hooo S o ».o o .o coo oo oo^oooo rHCO THiOt^OOOOO » liO: «> '>=f <^ Hf ^ ^/ CO CO C^Ttl »* (M o o ^ o o o -fj ■♦-> 1-1 -tJ -♦- ♦J o o ♦^ o o o 1 rj OJ rH I- 00 CO a a a a a a a a a a a a a a p p p p p O o o o o o o o o C^^CJctJC! C! ci: 4: ti: c: «J5 rH lis O O !>• O O CO X CO t- CO 't* >,-0 r-i O !M O »0 O re en- ga' ?. rrespondeuts from Beaver Brook, Hillsborough, Hopewell ami Cv ..viule say, mechanics and male and female servants would find em- ployment. d According to replies there is in this (""Uiity situations for 100 w wore, but four fifths of them ask for protestants, and wish to see them before engaging, e Two thirds of the applications are for protestants, — many more would apply if" sureof getting good, smart, capable" men and women. /■ It is stateodio„. oigood and wholesome food.^^ "^'"' ^^^undanoe ,i-»« .1* '4 '1^' ' ., ,., < # tf ERRATA, ©n title j>age nnd page 1 for Emmigrants read JSmiff^'anfft, Piige 6, 13th line, for Emmigrant read Emigrant, Page i), 28th line, for first clearing crop read^rsi charing fOY erof. Page 21, 24th line, for Immigrant read Emigrant. Page 25, 7th line, for obtained read obtain. Page 37, 18th line, for appartments read apartmenti. Page 41, 2nd line, for manufactoring read manufactvrifiif. Page 44, 11th line, for iron copper read iron, copper. Page 4G, Slut line, for Emmigration read Emigration. Jf OTE. — As the relative statements of public debts, &c. , were made from the data of 1868 and belorv^ the public accounts of 186U were published, there may be some slight apparent discrepancy between those state- ments in the body ef this '^©ok and the facts as they exist at the present luomeat. I. 1' by crop. ade from ibli'shed, 36 state- j present