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Tous les eutres e»empleires orlglnauN sont fiimAs en commen^ent par la pramlAre pege qui comporte une emprelnte d'impression cu d'Hiustretlon at en terminant par la derniire pege qui comporte une telle emprelnte. Un des symboiss suivents opperettre sur Is dernlAre imege de cheque microfiche, seion ie cas: ie symbols -^ signifie "A 8UIVRE". ie symbols 7 signifie "FIN '. Les certes. pienches. tebleeux. etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs i des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque ie document est trop grend pour Atre reprodult en un seui clichi. il est filmA A pertir de i'engle supArieur geuche. de gauche A droite. et de heut en bas. en prenant ie nombre d'imeges nAcesseire. Les diegremmes suivents iiiustrent ie mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 ^■^m ■P y ^* ,% ^' . % I w k n Republication Office removed to !Vo. 38 Wali^er St., West of Broadway. TERBISS.— For Blackwood or any of tho Reviews, |H a year. Blackwood and any one Review, tT. ThefourReview-i,$ltl. Blackwood and the four Reviews, $15. Postage to all parts of the United States on Blackwood, 34 cents a year ; on each Review, S ceiltsa year. When required to bo prepaid by the publishers, subscrihur.s rau3t remit to cover the same. RE-PUBLICATION OF THK London, Edinburgh, North British, and Westminster QUARTERLY REVIEWS. THE WESTMINSTER REVIEW. W CLXX.-OCTOBER, 1866. AMERICAN EDITION. NEW YORK: THE LEONARD SCOTT PUBLISHING COMPANY, 38 Walker Street. AI,30 FOR SALE BY THE FOLLOWING BOOKSELLERS : * The Amp:rican News Co., N.Y. ; A. Willl\ms & Co., Crosby & Nichols, and W. McAdam, Boston ; W. C. Little, Albany ; D. M. Dewey, Rochester ; W. B. ZiEDKR, Phila. ; Henry Taylor, and Ja^ies S. Waters, Baltimore ; John Russell, Charl'^ston ; W. T. Williams, Savannah ; Woodhouse and Parham. Rich- mond and Petersburg ; R. Bell, Alexandria, Va. ; George Ellis, N. 0.; T. S. Hawks, BulValo ; James IVI. Cuvweord, St. Louis ; W. A. Gildek- iT,NNY, and Hi:nry Miner, Pittsburgh ; T. H. Pease, Now Haven ; George H. Whitney, Providence, R I. ; S. Thompson &, Co., Wor- . coster, Mass. ; Huijson Taylor, Washington, D.C. ; J. A. Roys, Detroit ; MoNally it Co., and J. R. Walsh, Chicago ; F. A. Crump, Louisville. Ky. ; W. C. Chewei't & Cm:mk'-^^>:i^^tw^ wmmmmmmmmm^m fmmmmmmssm .'t I860. I CONTENTS OF NO. CLXX. F09 OCTOBER, 1866. ABT. 1^ 1. The Irish Church, - - ... 2. The Apostles. By Ernest Renan, ... 3. The English and their Origin, - - 4. The Abbe Lamennals on Dante, - - 5. The Canadian Confederation and the Reciprocity Treaty, 6. The Dog : His Intelligence, • 7. Our North Pacific Colonies, 8. The Forest of Fontainebleau, - - - • Contemporary Literature, .... PAGE 183 146 159 lU 184 192 199 206 215 Peace through the Truth, by the Rev. T. Harper— Catholic Orthodoxy and Anglo-Catholicism, by J. J. Overbeck — The New TeBtament for English Readers, by Henry Alford — Hunt's Essay on Pantheism — Bodichon on Humanity — Essays on International Policy — Emily Davies on the Higher Education of Women — Views and Opinions by Matthew Brown — Across Mexico in 1864-5, by W. H. Bullock — Hawaii, by Manley Hopkins— Hartiug on the Microscope — The Oberland and its Glaciers, by H. B. George — The Lake Dwellings of Switzerland, by Dr. Ferdinand Keller— Physio- logical Pathology of the Nerves, by G. Valentin— The Decline of the Roman Republic, by George Long— Carl Kichter on the Political and Social Law of the French Revolution— Harriet Parr on tt e Life and Death of Jeanne d'Arc. 1. 2. ■y.A^%-mim'^^^mi^'^^''^'^s^'^'^^-''^'> Me 1806. FAOE 183 146 159 114 184 192 199 206 215 athoHciBm, B Essay on the Higher B4-6, by W. md and its er— Physio- by George let Parr on Our North- Pacific Colonies. 109 was continued until the year 1825, when the celebrated lion Nero was baited at Warwick, when a bulldog named Turk exhibited an amount of pluck and courage which led even tlie brutal spectators to cry out "shame," and in- sist upon his being taken from the lion. The bulldog indeed may be looked upon as a pecu- liarly English dog, and perhaps as the most courageous of all animals. There would i"^ ^n\ to be nothing which ho can by any possibility interpret into an enemy, upon which he will not fly, and any infusion of bull-blood into another strain communicates a pertinacity in following out its particular instincts which is not attained by other dogs of the same kind. The true bulldog, therefore, must be looked upon as a reservoir of .staunchness, but the breed has considerably degenei'ated of late years. This, however, the si)ortsman must en- dure with patience, for it is certainly better that our breeds of dogs should suffer a little deterioration than that the public mind should be debased by such exhibitions as occurred in the bull-ring and the dog-pit. In the preceding pages wo have been able to do but little comparatively towards giving the reader even a taste of the great store of curious information laid up by Mr. Jesse in the volumes before us. They suffer, undoubtedly, as the author seems to have felt, by the very imperfect manner in which they are arranged and tacked together, and must be regarded rather as a magazine from which future writers may draw much valuable material, than a treatise on the British dog. Tiie illustrations, from the au- thor's own pencil, are generally of a more or less humorous character. Some of them are good, others very indifferent. Art. VIT. Our Nortu-Facific Colonies. 1. Vancouver Island and British Columliia. Where they are; What they are; and What they ma^ become. By Alkxander Rattkay, M.D., Pi.N. Smith, Elder & Co. 18(52. 2. British Cohimhia and Vancouver Island. By D. G. F. MacDonald, C.E., F.R.G.S., &c. Longmans. 1803. 3. Travels in British Columbia., with the BescrijJtionqfa Yacht Voyage round Van- couver Island. By Capt. C. E. Barkett- Lennard. Iluvst and Blackett. 1802. 4. Four Years ill British Columbia and Van- couver Island. By Commander R. C. Mayne, R.N., F.R.G.S. John Murray. 1802. 5. Facts and Figures relating to Vancouver Island and British Columbia. By J. Despard Pembekton, Surveyor General, Y.\. Longmans. 1800. 6. Vancouver Island and British Columbia. Their History, Resources, and Prospects. By Mattuew Macfie, F.R.G.S. Longmans. 1865. 7. Prize Essay. — Vancouver Island. Its Re- sources and. Capabilities as a Colony. By CuAKLEs Forbes, Esq., M.D., R.N. Pub- lished by the Colonial Government. 1802. 8. British Columbia. An Essay. By Rev. R. C. LuNDiN Brown, M.A. New West- minster. 1803. 9. Blue Booha relating to Vancouver Island and British Columbia, Parts L, IL, IIL, IV. 1800-04. ^ 10. " British Colonist,'''' and " Victoria Chro- nicle:' 185S--06. Vancouver Island and British Columbia, till within the last eight years, were regarded by the mass of Englishmen as a terra incognita, embracing a region of the globe wretchedly in- hospitable and ho'iclessly given over to sangui- nary encounters between savages and beasts of prey, having no claim to be improved by in- c ustry, or visited with the benefits of civiliza- lion. Considering the difficulty of access to these colonies, compared with our thriving dependencies in the South Pacific, the very limited knowledge possessed in this country of their topography and resources, and the con- flicting statements that have appeared in books and newspapers respecting their adaptability for commercial, mining, and agricultural enter- prise, it is not surprising that the most diligent efforts to reach a satisfactory conclusion as to their condition and prospects should have often ended in perplexity and disappointment. Lucky emigrants who make "rich strikes," looking at their adopted homo wholly through the sun- shine of their prosperity, extol it as an Elysium. The unsuccessfVil, on the other hand, wincing under " the stings and arrows of outrageous fortune," rush into print to cool their indigna- tion, and execrate the country as a Sahara. The facts now to be submitted may possibly help to unravel this tangled skein of contradic- tions, and show the truth to be midway be- tween the opposite exaggerations referred to. Vancouver Island is situated in the latitude of Great Britain, and sustains to the Continent of North America, in the Pacific, a geographical relation similar to that which the parent coun- try sustains to the Continent of Europe in the Atlantic. It is 240 miles long, by from 40 to 70 broad. Entering the Straits of Fuca, on a clear day the spectacle is peculiarly lovely. The Olympian range of mountains in Washing- ton territory lift their rugged summits, capped with eternal snows; and beyond the rocky shore of the island, there stretches a mountain chain in a north-easterly direction, serving as a backbone to this colony. These heights are covered with thick vegetation, and the surface of the country is generally of an undulating character, containing lakes, rivers, inlets, for- ests, and prairies, in every variety. Masses of metaniorphic, trappean, and sandstone rocks, fringed with lofty pines, crop out along the coast, and often in the interior. The Gulf of Georgia, between Vancouver and the mainland, is studded with islands from the size of a flower-pot upwards, presenting a scene rivalling 163342 200 Our North- Pacific Colofiies. 1 I October, in benutv the celebrated " lake of a thousand ishmds,''' near the entrance of Lake Ontario. The coast lino of British Columbia measures 450 nrles, and the breadth of that colony is from iiOd to 400 miles, or about the si/e of France. liike the sister colony, its seaboard is broken up l>y numerous inlets of great extent. The geology and physical geograpliy of Uritish Cohunbia derive their character primarily from the i)rescnce of the Kocky Mountains. This great chain, running from north-west to south- east, forms the a.xis of elevation of the Western Coast of America. It is of volcanic formation, and is subject to eruptive forces, to which the craters of three neighbouring volcanoes answer as safety-valves, (iranitic and trajipean ridges extend in different directions, and terminate in peaks varying from 1000 to 10,000 feet high, timbered half way up to their tops. Some of the mining regions form spurs of the Rocky Moun- tains, and are generally so strangely contorted and erupted, as to be represented as a tumbled sea of mountains. The insular position of Vancouver Island, and the China current (which exerts an influ- ence corresponding to tlie Gulf Stream in the Atlantic), with other causes, combine to secure for it a cliinati. singularly equable and exempt from the more rigorous extremes to which Brit- ish Columbia is sul)ject. From Octo))er to JIarch frequent rains fall in the island, alterna- ting with lengthened intervals of bright dry weather. Showers are rare during sunnner, and wlien they do fall are obliging enough to come at night, when no one is inconvenienced by their descent. But the limited fall of ruin in this season is abundantly compensated by heavy dews, which cause the warmest days to be followed by cool nights. The growth of vegetation is rapid, and reaches its aftinial maturity at the end of June. There is no naval station at which the crews of her Jlajcsty's ships are so little liable to disease from circumstances of climate, and none wlierc mortality is so light, as Esqnimault in Van- couver Island. British Columbia presents every shade and variety of temperature. Certain belts of country are warm and dry, while others are moist; the character of the climate, in fact, being much determined by altitude. Previous to 18o8 these colonies were held by the Hudson's Bay Companj', under lease from the Crown ; and the white iidiabitants, a few hundred in number, were chiefly employed by the Company in fur-trapping, or stationed at tne Indian trading po,sts. For a dozen years extensive and valuable coal beds in the island had been worked by the company ; vast for- ests of timber had been discovered ; some of the baser metals were also known to exist ; and in addition to these elements of wealth the capacious harbours of Victoria and Esqnimault, in the south of the island, foreshadowed a bright commercial future for the colony. But for the discovery of gold, however, Vancouver Island might have " dragged its slow length along" at an imperceptible rate for many years. In 1857 a party of Canadians, impelled by vague rumours as to the existence of gold in British Columbia, started from Fort Colvillc, near the American boundary ; and, " prospect- ing" on the banks of the Thompson and Bonn- l)arte rivers on their way to the Fraser, were sufliciendy encouraged in this experiment to devote themselves to the occupation of "dig- ging." Intelligence of their success soon spread through Washington territory and Cali- fornia; and between March and June in 1H.j8 steamers from San Francisco, crowded with gold-seekers, arrived every two or three days at A'^ictoria. This place, tiU then a quiet ham- let whose shipping had comprised only Indian canoes and the annu.al arrival of the Company's ship from England, was instantly converted by the golden spell into a scene of bustle and ex- citement. In the brief space of four months 20,000 adventurers jjonred into the harl)Our. The easy-going i)rimitive settlers were over- whelmed by this invasion of foreigners. Indi- viduals of every trade and profession in the neighbouring American States, imder the in- i fiuence of what was called "the yellow fever," threw up their employments and in many cases sold tlieir ])roperty at an immense sacrillce, and repaired to the new Dorado. This motley throng included those scouts of civilization, gamblers, "loafers," thieves, and ruilians, with others of a more respectable stamp. The rich came to speculate, and the poor in the hope of vaulting into sudden wealth. Every sort of property in California fell to a degree that threatened the ruin of the State. Tiie limited stock of provisions in Victoria was speedily exhausted. Twice the bakers ran short of bread. Iininnierable tents covered the locality in and around the town, far as the eye could reach. The sound of hauuncr and axe was heard everywhere. Shops, stores, and "shan- ties," to the number of 225, sprang up in six weeks. Investment in town allotments attained an extravagant pitch. The land office was be- sieged, often before sunrise, bj-^ the multitude eager to buy building land ; and the demand so increased that sales had to be suspended in or- der to allow the Government surveyor time to measure off new divisions of land. Allotments bought at from 10/. 'to 15?., were re-sold within a month at sums varying from 300/. to 000/. ; and sections twenty feet by sixty in the central thoroughfare, fetelicd a rental of from 50/. to 100/. per month. The majority, consisting of Micawbers, brokers, merchants, and French cooks, finding that they were yet some hun- dreds of miles from the "diggings," remained in Victoria, anxiously watching the turn of the real estate market, which was the barometer of their hope:J. But several thousands, undaunt- ed by the hardships inevitable to crossing the Gulf and a.scending the river, proceeded to the source of the gold. The difficulties to be sur- mounted in extracting gold from the " benches" and " bars" of the river never entered into the calculations of the unheroic spirits that tarried at the scene of land speculation ; and as shipments did not come down fast enough to satisfy their wishes, most of them shook the dust off their feet on the country, heaped curses on every- thing English, and placed the reported discov- ery of gold in the same category with the. " South Sea bubble." A check was thus given Ei^igR9B9BC October, 1 I 1 1808. , " prospcct- m and 15oiin- Fraser, were cperinicnt to ion of "(lij:;- iiccess soon ory and Cnli- ]nne in 1H58 rowdud with IV three days a (luiet liam- il only Indian [icCon\pany'3 converted by jUHtlc and cx- ■ four months tlie harhour. rs were ovcr- ligners. Indi- fcssion in the under the in- yellow fever," in many cases icnsc sacrifice, This motley of civilization, I ruiTians, with imp. The rich in the hope of Every sort of a de,t;ree that ;. The limited a was speedily i ran short of ."red the locality ^ the eye could | r and axe was res, and "shan- prang up in six )tments attained d office was be- f the nuiltitudo II the demand so suspended in or- urveyor time to id. Allotments •c re-sold within . 300/. to OOOZ. ; ty in the central of from 50Z. to ty, consisting of ts, and French yet some hun- ;ings," remained T the turn of the the barometer of ,sands, undaunt- ^ to crossing the proceeded to the ulties to be sur- ;n the " benches" entered into the its that tarried at ind as shipments ;i to satisfy their lie dust off their ;urses on every- reported djscov- tegory with the !k was thus given Our North-PacifiG Colonies. 201 to immiuiration, and a reaction in the price o( land followed. ]}nt hundreds of indomitahU- fellows, soberly viewing as unavoidable the hindrances incident to locomotion in a wilder- ness previously untrodden for the most part by white men, pushed their way into the interior of Ihitish Columbia, animated by the expecta- tion of their toils being ere long amply reward- ed. Not a few were obliged to creep for many miles through underwood and thicket, with a bag of Hour on their backs ; struggle by turns under and over huge trunks of fallen trees, scramble up precipices, slide down masses of projecting rock, and wade up to the waist in swamps. For weeks together some did not taste Hour or salt, but had to appease hunger with a meal of honso flesh, salmon, or wild berries. At length ocular demonstration of the rich- ness of the mines appeared in the arrival of considerable quantities of gold-dust. In spite of the fearful difficulties that resisted mining progress, the yield during the first six months was much larger in proportion to the number of hniulu at worh, than it had been in the same time and at a similar stage of develop- ment, in California and Australia. The gold product of California in the first six months of mining operations in 1849 was -10,000?. All the gold brought to Melbourne in 1851 amounted in value to about 333,290?., while the mines of New South Wales gave for the first six months of their existence about 144,000?. But \nfour months, from the end of June, 1858, when the mines of British Columbia were opened by a more handful of actually working miners, to the end of t)ctober, the value realized in gold was 141,000?. Yot this was taken almost en- tirely from the beds of a few rivers. Other parts of the country have since been success- fully explored, the richest districts being Cari- boo in the north, and Similkameen, Kootanie^ and Big Bend in the south. A space eighty feet square, in the first named of these districts, yielded in a few months 24,000?. From a second " claim " 1300?. was extracted in a day. Several partners in a third netted 1400?. to their individual share in less than half a year. In another instance — exceptional, of course — 103 lbs. of gold was taken from a mine in a day. Between October, 1802, and January, 1 1863, three claims previously " improspected " yieided 00,000?., eiich claim measuring 100 I square feet. The gross yield of gold in the [country for 1804 to two or three thousand min- , working with the rudest appliances, is jiven at about 500,000?. A vast concourse of miners has flocked this California ; and by an effective application of capital and labor, there is nothing to prevent this part of our colonial empire becoming one of the most profitable fields for mining enter- prise in the world. The population hitherto has been so sparse and migratory, that the country remains comparatively unexplored. But each successive year brings to light dis- coveries of the precious metal offering induce- ments for placer or surface diggings that can- not be surpassed in the northern or southern hemisphere ; and when the colony is ripe for the introduction of machinery for quartz-crushing, steady and remunerative employment may bo afforded to scores of thousands. As many of our readers may be unac- quainted with the process of mining adopted in the North Pacific, the principal methods in use will now be rapidly sketched for their in- formation. The metallic sand, which contains the gold, is first sought ; and the peculiar quality of earth in which the amalgam is found is known as the " colour." While engaged in the pursuit of this indication of the presence of gold, the miner is " prospecting." The requi- sites for this task are a "pan," and some quick- silver. When the miner comes to a spot on the ' lank of a river which he thinks to bo auri- feroi s, he proceeds to test the value of the "dirt" in the following manner: — Having filled the pan with earth, he gently dips it in the stream, and by the assistance of a rotary motion which he gives to its contents, loosened by the introduction of water, the black sand, with pebbles, is precipitated to the bottom, ffhe lighter earth is allowed to pass over the edge of the pan, and after all has been removed except the sand and any specks of gold that may be in combination with it, the pan is placed by a fire, or in the sun, to dry ; the lighter particles of sand are then blown away, and if the gold bo very fine, it is amalgamated with quicksilver. By thus ascertaining the value of the remaining particles of gold-dust, skilful " prospectors " conclude whether the groimd would jiity to work. In this rough method of searching for gold, the superior specific gravity of that metal over every other, except platinum, is the basis of operation — auriferous particles on this principle settling at the bottom. The readiest and most primitive contrivance for washing gold is the "rocker," which is still used by Chinamen and a few white men on the banks of the Fraser. The "rocker" is constructed like a child's cradle, with rockers underneath ; this box is 3^ to 4 feet long, about 2 feet wide and H feet deep ; the up- bear to the Big Bend " diggings," where fabu- 1 per part, and one end, are open, and the sides |ous returns are said to be obtained. Excellent i gradually slope towards the bottom ; at the Is to the auriferous centres have been armed, lines of steamers have been established ^n the great lakes of the interior, and the lead- ig towns throughout the colony have been Connected by telegraph with the United States ; Ind are now, by the Atlantic cable, in com- lunication with England. The gold-bearing range in British Columbia |s a continuation of the Sierra Nevada, which constitutes the chief source of the wealth of head is a section closely jointed, with a sheet- iron bottom, perforated so as to admit of small stones passing through ; along the bottom of the rocker, "rilHes" or strips of wood are ar- ranged after the manner of a Venetian blind, to arrest the gold. This apparatus placed on the margin of a river, the upper box is fed by one miner with earth, and by another is rocked and supplied with water. The gold and pebbles passing down to the bottom, the water carries 202 Our North-Pacific Colonies. October, away the latter and tho riffles detain tlic for- mer. In case tlic gold is very fine, part of a blanket iH laid along the under box, covered with quirlvsilver, to attract the gold-dust. By this simple agency from 1/. to 10/. per day and upwards, to the hnnd, has been real- ised. In a rocker, from 8 to 10 lbs. of quick- nilver is employed daily ; but after the gold lias been retorted from it, the sanie (luicksilver may bo applied several times over. 'i'ho next method — and one which prevails most in these colonies — is i^hiicitig. This mode of mining can be conducted on any scale, and in connexion with tho labour of an indefinite number of men. It is almost invariably found in conjunction with a system of "flumes," or wooden aqueducts of various extent, running parallel with tho claims on a " creek" or river. To separate the earth from the gold that is mixed with it, it is necessary that each sluice should be sujiplicd with a fall of water, and if the stream contiguous to the mine run on too low a level to supply this want, miners— as has been already stated — are often compelled to go considerable distances in quest of water suffi- cient!}' elevated to afford the object desired. Flumes are thus brought into requisition, and by openings made in that side of them opposite the mine, water is admitted to the sluice, which is placed at such an angle that the water may have force enough to carr}' off the earth while leaving the gold behind. Sluice-boxes arc of various sizes, and arc fitted closely together, so as to form a strongly-built and extended trough. The fall of the water in the sluice-box is adjusted to allow time for the riffles a.m\ quicksilver to arrest the gold as it passes ; and the supply from the flume is regulated by a slide in the opening on tho side of it. The bottom of each sluice -ally intersected with strips of wood, an tic interstices of this grating quicksilver is .^.icad, to intercept the fine gohl in its descent, nuggets and grains of coarse gold being caught by the grating it- self The sluice is supported upon trestles, so as to raise or lower it to the level convenient for shovelling in the earth. Several miners throw in dirt on either side, and others assist in loosening the heap and removing large stones, so that gold may be easily precipitated. " Ground sluicing" is now a very general, as it is a very effective method of getting at tlic " pay dirt." AVhen a section of tho ancient bed of a stream was alighted upon in which the presence of gold is indicated, but over which a layer of barren earth had collected, the old plan was to sink a perpendiculiir shaft, or make an opening horizontally from the present river bank ; but now, by ground-sluicing, a strong jet of water is turned upon the bank ; the top dirt is thus removed, and with the help of picks and shovels the old channel of the river is soon laid bare. The force of the water carries off the dehria, and the gold, by its own gravity, f^lls close to the hand of the miner, who washes it by the regular methods. Space forbids de- tails of the process of mining b)' tunnelling, the Jiydranlic principle, and quartz-milling. It is well known that the occupation of min- ing everywhere is a lottery in which blanks are the rule and prizcn tho exception ; and it is not womlerful that so many pioneer emigrants in British (^lunibia and Vancouver Island — in some instances from causes that might have been avoided, but more freciuently from con- tingencies be)'on(l their control— have been ruined by the experiment. But in addition to the testimony of several among the writers whose works stand at the head of this article, we have the personal authority of the most trustworth)' and skilful Columbian miners in support of the opinion, thatif steam-jjower were introtl iced to master the water that is ever ris- ing in the shafts, the yield of the miner would soon bo increased twentyfold. Many jjlaces have becii examined in which it has been un- mistakeabiy proved that immense fortunes are imbedded. Yet, after toiling season by season, and spending their all in attempts to reach tho beli soil . of tiUMiin;;; up tlieir noses at tliu Aniorican ar- j rivals, wlio n'i)resented their forniiT oppressoi's ; nnil lor yc.irs ii succession of ./'/v/cr/« occurred : between ' the wliites and tlie nenriies on ([ues- tions of social standing. 'I'iic bidlc of Anieri- ; cans would only consent for a wliile to at 'ml the saiiic! place of worship with then\ on condi- tion tliiit tlie inferior race should be c narratives before us much that is new. Ca- :'; tholics and IVotestants are engaged in mission- ; ary labours among them, and not v\ liliout soma ■; favoiu'able result upon their morals. But so ; absolute is tiic physical, social, and moral deg- |radationof tho Indian, that after very many years I of strict religious training ho is readily tempted |to conform to tho vices of tho pioneer whites; land thus th'i hard and self-denying toil of the Imissionary is soon neutralized. i " The rapid diminiition and threatened extinction if the primitive inh.abitants of tho American conti- ent and the ii^lands of the Pacific, is a fact of niel- ncholy interest to the Christian philanthropist and ho man of scionee. . . . We naturally cling to the ope that bidin, China, and Japan will form a splen- iii exception to the ravages introduced by tlic su- crior races, under which so many millions of abo- igines have elsewhere been effaced. ... So limited the extent, however, to which these seats of bar- arism liavc been occupied by the whites, that we unable as yet to determine whether extensive ntact between them and the original inhabitants 11 be succeeded by tribal dissolution, as in the in- ;ances previously cited. . . . Past events bearing this toi)ic incline me to the impression that the anees of a barbarous people surviving the usually ital consequences of their country "being largely in- bitod by the wliite race are simply in proportion W their degree of intellectual and moral vitality y be adequate to resist the demoralization to ich they are inevitably exposed on their first con- it with white society. Shall the barbarous tribes th whom we are, as yet, but slightly lu comrnuni- ,tion, be prepared to stand t'.ie momentous tost en, in future generations, it comes to be severely plied ? . . . The empire of iho Incas, the subjects Montezuma, and tho felloT '-countrymen of Poca- linnias, exhibitod intellectual mid moral (|iiulities ciiiiipiircd with which llici-e iil' the iiiiisl fiiVdiiiiible .MVicnn types are not Wdvtliy to be menlioncil. Never- theless, nt the np])eaiaiiei; (if the advelitiiroiM ex- plorers from the sliores of MuKipe by whom thi'ir countries were severully iliviided, lliey vanished like a dream. Is the fear, then, iitteily ^'round'ess that under similar condiijons, in future ages, a corre- sponding fate may overtake the negrm Samnel to the Captivity. By A. P. Stanley, D.D., author of " Sinai and Palestine." 1 vol. 8vo. Maps and Illustrations. Price, |6. Neiv Book by C. L. Braee. [SHORT SERMONS TO NEWSBOYS ; With a History of the Formation of the News- boys* Lodg^^-Home. l vol. 16mo, with illustrations. 860 pages. $1.60. [TEMPERANCE: Recollections, Labors, Defeats, Triumphs. An Autobiography. By Rev. John Maush, D.D., Secretary to the three first National Temperance Conventions, and thirty years Corresponding Secretary and Editor of the "American Temperance Union." 1 voL 12mo, 860 pages^ with a portrait. $2.26. New Book Oy the late Mrt, 0. M. Kirkland. PATRIOTIC ELOQUENCE : Beiu^; Selections from One Hundred Years of National literature. Compiled for the use of Schools in Tieading and Speaking. 1 vol. 12mo. Price, |L76. CUYOT'8 OEOCRAK>HICAL SERIES OF TEXT-BOOKS. io. 1. PRIMARY J or, Introdnetlcn to the Stndy of Geography, l quarto vol With numerous Engravings and Maps. 2. COMMON SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY. 1 vol. royal quarto. With 28 Maps and 160 Engravings. oopixa axNT bx mail, roai-rAiB, on xhoxipt or fbiox, by C. SCRIBNER & CO., New-York. ^■0^ \ JOSEPH aiLLOTT'S STEEL PENS, OF THB OLD STANDABD QUALITY, 5s ^1 6 ^^-^4;: i\ •"y .V'^^^-. '^'i G '"] '^' ^ '^ '^' ' ' '-^?TlT4% ' ^ C ^ V' ' '■ 1 'i I JOSEPH O-ILLOTT & SONS, No. 91 John Street, New York. 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