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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuver.t Atre filmte A des taux de reduction diff^trents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit «n un jeul cliche, il est filmi A partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et da haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mtthode. rrata o )elure, I a J 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 \ T iwMi m ' %%}i- .*4 •>■■ 2^^ Ci?SH»^4i»^l^^^^ DOMINION OI INFORMATION FOR Published by the Govern DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL' O-A.TS'A.'O.A.: T" .■^.. ""- i J ' i -s- ITSGEOGHAPHICAL POSITION, AND EXTENT. Tiie little map printed at the head of these remarks is intended to give silver, copper, iron and other metals, together with coal, are found in bountiful profusion. Id would be needless to attempt to describe the abundant manner in which the lands of the Dominion of Canada are watered, when such Hiversare named as the St. Lawrence, St. John, Saskatchewan, Mackenzie, Fraser and mg extent population c bered 285,7 cultivation o lumber froc sea-faring oo industry of i irnwiP w J )N OF Le SeminairQ ing risen to 138,596,433 from $35,764,470 the previous year, showing an increase of $2,830,- 963. The trade with the United States, on the other hand, ehows a decrease in imports from- that country, while there is a large increase of exports it. The imports during the fiscal year from the U. S. amounted tu $24,728,166, while during the previous year they wt>re $25,477,975, showing a decrease of $749,809. On the other hand the expoits during the fiscal year were $32,984 652 to the U. S. against $27,846,461 the previous year, showing an in- crease of $5,138,191. 'ITiese very striking facta prove that despite the customs barriers erected since the abroga- tion of Keciprocity, the United States re- quire and are obliged very largely to take, Ju" increasing quantities, the products of the Dominion . The great increase of Canadian trade will The amout The averag The del consti uctio the greutei continue ti increase of ^i7awill be J'he presen $21.86. TI $1.21. The with those I States and : BA! The folic capital and lor the ten Years. 18«2— June 30 iim— " W6i— '< ISBo— " l«6tt— '• 18«7— •' isee— «' 1870— " 1871— " The in ere! cemaad is tl amount of which may b ready money ring the sam 763,066 or n or the fiscal year 1871, tl the amount 819, making But the d€ not by any n deposits of t appear more striking if we take two decennial periods and note the steady augmentation : Year. Total Trade. 1850 $29,703,497 1851 34,805,461 1852 35,594,100 1853 55,782,739 1854 63,548,516 1855 64,274,630 1856 75 631,404 1857 66.437,222 1858 52,550,461 1859 58,299242 In the two last years of the following state- ment the figures of the trade of New Bruns- wick and Nova Scotia are added to those of old Canada (the two Provinces of Quebec and On- tario) under Confederation : Year. Total Trade. 1860 $ 68,955,093 1861 76,119,843 1862 79,398,067 1863 81,458,.H35 1864iyear 34,586,054 _ '""^ 5 80,644,q^y^4^ the Paci W. .Iv •. .rrt... " 1864 $865 and Post Ofi Building Soc considerably ding these to July we have The discou $87,561,423 ; circulation £ amounted to both these h( decenniad; s crease in the There are t the Maritime included in theix- charters not done so. RAILW The Railwa operation are are besides i: miles more. 800 miles of B 1866 7 94,791,860 1867-8 -. 119,797,879 1868-9 I30,8V <,946 If we add the last fiscal year, we have the same rapid increase, the figures being : 1870 ^ $148,387,820 This increase in trade may be taken as one test of I he growth of the country, which w,t f^tfoSW WTIHWIO year 2,400 miles. Trunk is the h ration. Of th colonial is th Loup to Halift The Railwaj those reaching from the Atlantio. RAunnrf. nf HalifAir fr> ftia I V<3 Trtfol Tkh/^Io 7 NADA: INFORMATION FOR EMIaKA^TS. iiMiai^ ie of the country, ported that year alue of exports [;regate sum of he trade of the e its boundaries. 018 in bid repo t ^er the previous 19 per cent . .. ]1 " ....6 " , ... 38 " ...12 " ....21 " ited was fOjlB^- i;lJ64.031 over gate of tons of ng an iucrease ar. exports during Britain, the value msumption hav» $35,764,470 the ease of $2,830,- State4, on the n impdrta fronr irge increase of iring the fiscal tu $24,728,166, ear they wore ie of $749,809. its during the he U. S. against ihovring an in- The anaount of net interest $^,354,692 90 The average rate of interest 5.56. The debt of Canada was incurreW for the constiuction of Public Works which are of the greatest Kervice to the country, and will continue to be so in increasing ratio with the increase of population, whilst the cost per ca- pitawill be thereby correspondingly diminished. J'he present amount of net debt per capita is $21.86. The net annual interest per capita $1.21. These burdens are very hght, compared with those of the United Kingdom, the United States and many other countries. BANKING AND CURRENCY. The following statement shows the paid up capital and deposits of the Charteied Banks tor the ten years from 1861 to 1871 : and colleges is also eaiy and open. The eduaitic-n of the whole people is the rula to a far greater extent than in the United King- dom, It is in fact almost universal. Years. Paid up Capital 18«2— June 30th S2((,()«0,0«2 W61— 1805— 1«(W— 18«7— 1869— 1870— 1871— DepoHlts. e that despite ice the abroga- ited States re- ;ely to take, Ju" )ducts of the iian trade will B two decennial gmentation : Total Trade. . . $29,703,497 . . 34,805,461 .. 35,594,100 . . 55,782,739 .. 63,548,516 . . 64,274,630 .. 75 631,404 . . 66.437,222 . . 52,550,461 . . 58,299242 llowing state- >f New firuns- to those of old lebec and On- Total Trade. $ 68,955,093 76,119,843 79,398,067 81,458,.H35 34,586,054 - . , - $W,tm,H«7 ; 2rt,708^1«3 21,«»0421 2r,3tt/,ti6a 2\,m,m 30,;ifla,938 :l'i,78()27« B^'W -^Mm 29,4b7,773 2\704,a27 - 28,.'i29,(M8 SOKW.'iae 29,651,874 ;W,'b71 W2 31,450,M7 .'50229788 36,416,210 66,763,066 The increase of Banking f Japital in the de- ceniaad is thus nearly 40 per cent ; while the amount of deposits in the chartered Banks which may be held to represent the realized ready money of the people has increased du- ring the same period from $19,664,887 to $55,- 763,066 or nearly 180 per cent, li'rom the end Of the fiscal year to the end of the calendar year 1871, there was a further large increase to the amount of paid up Bank capital of $2,126 - 819, makuag a total of $58,542,029. But the deposits in the Chartered Banks do not by any means represent the whole of the deposits of the people. The deposits in Govt, and Post Office and other Savings Banks and Building Societies Savings Banks amount to considerably over ten millions of dollars. Ad- ding these to the chartered Bank deposits lor July we have a total of deposits of $68,546,624. The discounts at the last Bank Returns were $87,561,423 24. The combined Govt, and Bank circulation at the end of the fiscal year amounted to $26,084,234. The increase under both these heads has been very great in the decenniad ; showing at once activity and in- crease in the volume of business. There are three or four chartered Banks in the Maritime Provinces whose figures are not included in the foregoing, they not being by their charters obliged to render returns, have not done so. THE LAND SYSTEM OF TEE DOMINION OF CANADA. The Dominion lands are surveyed according to the following system. The lands are first laid out into blocks of 12 miles square by north and south aad east and west line-, the outlines of each block being marked oft in the survey monuments every mile and half mile. r ' ' / These square llocks which are defined at each ot the four corners by an iron bar boundary are subdivided as the necessities of settlement may require into 4 townships of 6 miles wjuare each, these into 36 sections of one mile square or 640 acres each, and each of such sections, into quarters of half » mile square or 160 acres each. The lands in such block are then ready for- settlement. ' LAiro RKeiTLATlONB. The Dominion lands in the North West may be obtained either free by actual settlers, oa certain conditions of residence, or simply our- chasedattherateofijl (48 2d stg ) per acre. Persons who have settled on land have also- the right of pre-emption. Free Cra/ii*.— Any person of 21 years of age, being a British subject either by birth or na-- turahzation, may make an application to the Land Officer to be entered for a free grant, of one quarter section of 160 acres, or for any less quantity, for a homestead, and then by a continuous residence thereon for three years and not having alienated the same, or any pa t thereof, he will be entitled to a Orown deed ; upon receiving which the land become* RAILWAYS OF THE DOMINION. The Railways of the Dominion already in operation are over 3,000 miles in length. There are besides in process of construction 1,100 miles more. Charters have been obtained for 800 miles of Railway not yet commenced, apart 80, 644, q^^^ith* Pacific Railway, which is to ba built **»f Jyif^fSf WBHWW years) ih^' length of" which" % about 2.4O0 miles. Of those completed the Grand 94,791,860 119,797,879 I30,8V ',946 we have the )eing : $148,387,820 taken as one which h^ti Trunk is the longest, haying 1,377 miles in ope ration. Of those being constructed the Inter- colonial is the longest being from River du Loup to Halifax, about 499 miles. The Railways of the Dominion connect with those reaching to all parts of the continent. his absolute property m fee simple. Directions how to make the ap- plication to the Land OflBcer will be given to immigrants by the Dominion Immigration agents. The Land Officer's fee being $10- (£2 Is 2d stg.) * Purchase of lands.— Any person can buy vacant lands open for settlement from the Dominion Government in Manitoba or the^ North West Territory, by paying therefor in. cash, $1 per acre. But no sale of more than a single section of 640 acres will be made to one person. Pre-emption Rights.^Anj person of 21 years of age being a British subject, either by birtb or naturalization, who may build a dwelling upon, and inhabit and improve any quarter section (160 acres) of land, or any smaller quan- tity, will have the right of pre-emption there- to; he may have his application entered with- the Land Officer, and may at any time obtain a patent by paying $1 (48 2d stg.) an acre, being the price fixed by Government for the sale of such land. ,.""■". ~ — '"; •-—"-"•=' -iit-riug ais ap- plication must ^ make an affidavit bef<*ethe ' Land Officer that he has not previously exer- cised his right of pre-emption; and he must further furnish, by his own affidavit together with the testimony of two credible witnesses proof to the Land Officer of the settlement and improvement of the land. No assignment of pre-emption right prior to the issuing of the patent will be recognized ^ Trtfol TraAm iny smaller quan- \ and Bgre«al)le iw the robu-t looks, stalwart frames and lirge families of its inhabitrtnts abundiintly testity. Uh (itnoHs lor agriculture raivy be ju culiar disease, indemic or otherwise that can clitim Nova Scotia as il home. Nova Scotia contains all the elements of wealth and future greatness, iron and coiil, b'jth of the best qutliiy, in close proximity. Limestone, marbles, gypsum, i.nd sandstone of the best qua ity. Iiesides extensive gold fields, giving employment to a Urge amount of cai)iiiil and labour, and miny other mineral, product-j of lesser note. Nova Scoiia is the nearest Province of the Dominion to the mother lind, in other refapects she also comes nearer than either of the other Provinces in soil, in climate, and mineral pro- ductions; in her Situation nearly surrounded by water ; in ner laws and institutions ) and m the character, energy and impulses of the people | ehe is also one of the oldest, although among the smallest of ihe colonies; her population is dense. As such she otierft excellent op- portunities to immigrants of a class that have a limited capital to employ in agricul- ture and who would prefer farming lands of their own in preference to those of other people and paying as much in rent iu.. single year as would buy the fee simple of an ostate there. For this class of people Nova hJootii offers better opportunities than any of the western countries. The laws are just and well administered ; and it has more the appearance and belongings of an olden land than any with which 1 am acquainted on this side of the ocean. The admirable school system places education with- in the reach of the poorest. PROVINCE OP NEW BRUNSWICK. The climate of New Brunswick is exceeding- ly healthy and favorable for agricultural opera- tions. The testimony is universal on this point, professor Johnson, a well known writer, states that the average yield i>er acre in New Bruns- wick is greater than in the State of New York Or \jui-i»«r»rliini f\a DA : INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS msAtlintio gow, cnUmg l(iy-» For Hiiil- Ht Illllitl/lX. U'live Liver- ^ Ht (Queens touching at and p iBsen- i Great Bri- [id in many J made re- C. I are about din part for I free grants in years, ten m, and erect is of at least t are issued zation roads [rants, and in rson over 18 luation from townships in their general features are hilly, well watered with rivers, brooks and lakos, iffording a ci)n9iilerable hydraulic? power. The soil is rich ; and the farmers, genentlly speak- ing proMperouH. They have good fiodities of i!ommunicatir)nand good markets. Helow Quebec on tiie south shore of the St. Lawrence, there are, large tracts of land favor- able for settlempnt. The Government have 1,223,200 acres, divided into farm lots, for sale at 3U cts. (Is. 2id. stg.) per acre. An import- ant coloniz'ition road has been opened thi ough the centre of this tract, called the Tache road, of 209 miles in length. This is intersested with cross roads connecting with the settlements on the sliore of the river. The survey of the Intercolonial Rrvilway has led to the opening up of a new township in Metapediac Valley, the soil of which is report- ed very good. Coionizatioa will doubtless soon follow the railway. To the e;i8t of the Metnpodiac road is the immense district of Gasve, forming an area 8,613 miles of superficies; bounded by the St. Lawrence and the Bay of Chaleurs. It is in great part rocky and unfit for cultivation ; but there are many portions which are extremely fertile, and its fishing grounds aie said to be the most at September, after harvest work in the old set- tlements is over. There is time to put up a house, and get comfortably settled before the • winter sets m ; and during the winter the work of chopping and clectring can go on. In this way, a crop can be got in during the first spring. SETTLEUS H0MESTE.1D FUND. During the session of 1871, the Legislature of Ontario passed an Act ent'^led : ^' To en- courage settlement iii the Free Grant Territory.'" Section 1 seld apart the sura ''f £4,109 13s 4d stg to bo designated the •' Settlers Home- stead Fund." Section 2 authorizes the Commissioner of Agriculture and Public Works, to ciusetobe cleared fit for cultivation, and fenced, a plot not exceeding live acres on any lot of the Free Grant Lands under the Homestead Act of 1868 ; and to cause to be erected thereon, a one story house fit for habitation. But for the whole of this improvement he must not expend more than £41 Is lid stg. The settler will get the land free subject to payitig the cost of this improvement. The Township of Ryerson, on the Magane* tawan River, north of Nipissing Junction, has been selected for the purpose of commencing this system of improvements. In this Township roads are now being constructed, and clearances are being made and houses erected. As a number of these "Homesteads" will be ready for occupation t! '-^ season, a speedy and successful settlement may be anticipated, as the result of the legislation on this subject. The (Jolonization Road, now being made, will enter the Township on its western limit, about twenty miles north of the Nipissing Junction Road, at the head of Lake Rosseau. To reach this Township from Toronto tiut fares are as follow ; — Toronto to Bracebridge £0 153 5d stg. " Rosseau 15 6 TuE FUELIO LAHDS, OTHEH THAH PSES uSASTa. Large tracts of uncleared land are still m the hands of the Government of Ontario. There are in Ontario the following numbers of acres: — Total area. Total surveyed. Tot'l grant'd 4 gold, 77,606,400 I 25,297,480 | 21,879,048 It has been discovered that there is, in the basin of Lake N ipissing and the watershed of loh the lan'ls rUa r.T.r>rllinir<0 flilSa. thfill. l.S tfalt Whi'jll thg le resul le legislation on this subject DOMINION OF CANADA: INFORM. Halt ifl ohtfiined ftt Goderich and the neigh- borhood, in the ihapo of brine, from welii •unk to a great depth below the aurfaoe. Large peat bedH exist in many parta of the province, and the manufitctiire of po it for fuel u now being carried on by two oompaniea, the Anglo- Americtc and the Ontario, PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. The Province ef Manitoba wa« created a part of the Dominion by an act of the Dominion Pailiamentj in the session of 1870, out of that portion ot Ruperts L«nd, & \, bounded by 96 ^ Weat long, 50 ^ 30 North lat. 99© Weat long., and the territory of the United Htatea. Ita popuUtion by the CenauH taken in 1H71, u 11,953. The area of the Province is 9,008,640 acroa; equal to 360 Townships of 23,040 acrea each From this there ia a reserve of I,4(X),000 acrea, •qualtoeOTowmhipa. It will, therefore, be a«en that there is a large area of land in Mani- toba to dispoae of. The areiia given, under the aystem of survey which haa deen atdopteJ, •re exclusive of roaiis. fo'r which a very liberal allowance is made. For oarticulara of ibis the reader is referred to the article entitled '»The Land system (if the Dominion of Canada," else- where in this impression. All the accounts received from Manitoba de Boribe the soil as exceedingly fertile. In 1870, the Senate o' the Dommion, taking advantige of the presence at Ottawa, of a number of persons from Ued River, ail more or lens perHOn- ally fiimiliir with the North We»t Territ -'y and resources, appointed a Select Coramitti'e to collect information from them on this sul joct .- The evidence taken befoie that Committee contiuns as valuable and authentic information as can be obtained, an I a summary from it is therefore given for the purpose of this article. Mr, John James Setter's Evidence. The first witness examined was Mr. John James Setter, a school tea her and farmer, who I'ves at Portage Lv Prairie. He w s born at Red River, and had resideil there all his life, except 3 years, 1856-7-8 he spent in the State of Minnesota. He had travelled about 110 miles west, on the Assiniboine, in the territory. Between that river and the boundary line, the country is divided between woo.l8 and prairie. The woods are always I'ouni on the banks of streams. Trees consist of oak, ash, elm and poplar for the most part; there are also pine and cedar. The alluvial deposit varies in depth. At Red River it is about a foot deep ; whilst on the Assinniboine. in the neigh- bourhood of the Portage, it is three feet in depth, and in some placeb six. White mud underlies the alluvial deposit in the Portage section, and clay in the Red River, The wild grass on witness's farm, is the ordinary prairie graas. It grows in the bottoms so tall that you can tie it over a horses back in walking through it, but the ordinary grass is short. He ruses wheat ; this weighs 64 lbs. to a bushel, but he hag seen it weigh 68 lbs. Barley, oats, peas potatoes, turnips and carrots are also raised, A variety of Indian Corn is laised, and might be generally, but the people -» — — -' .*.'.^-l«v Ii'. ■ ii^J 3-71IVI rliljf i/ut crops in from the mi idle of April to the middle of May,and harvest in Augut-t. Theyhnvo never had the potato disease nor the weevil in wheat. Witness did not think there were any farms on the wooded lands ; but the soil in the woods appears to be richer than on the pr.iirie. Goal has been discovered 40 miles from Portage La Prairie, by Indians, cropping out on the river banks. They have frosts in September, but n country than the Sute of Minnes 'ta. «< It ia the beat country 1 have ever seen ' ' The on y thing to detract f r m itsatfricultunil adv ntiges ia, tbit it ia ao far from the sea boinl. Mr. Joseph .Vonkmin' a Evidencg Joseph itonkinan (half-breed), examined— He lives m Mt Peters Pari-h, Indian S-ttlfra^nt. Speaka Knglinh, Chippewa and Cr.'P. Hii fath >r w-ia an Engliuhman, and tiis mother a nitive of the Cree tnbe. He has t»een as far north as the Norway House, at the extremity of Lake Wmnlpog, He his al^o been up theSiskat- chewan River, ns far as Moose Like, and aa far hs Carlton House, on the North Branch of the Suskatohewm. He his viHttenj (lows the neighbour e I^ake of the Wood-*. observations about itry. He agreed in over rated the ad- rhere are pines of Kiver isnavigitedas ie, 290 m les from ness farms himself, wheat so h^^avy that Ho sowed hii wheat idhel sown yields 1 of wheat make .05 bs. is the average, uxuriancci. He has B same land for 25 »ut the same as the r t'Artuer U diHaptminted with the soil of the Weateru Htat«t Hnd thn ool 1 atleot him so mui^h as in Canaly adapted tor sheep. There is no danger from ivolves or other wli aui- mali. A pamphlet published by Mr. hpence, of Manitoba, uitrroliorates the sttUetuents made in the above evidence taken l)y tnn Nenite (Jom mittee, and the Joint Committee of bcth Houses of the Manitoba LegiMlature corroborate the correctness of the information. The Province of Manitoba forma only a very •mail part of the immense terrritory open for settlement in the North West of the Dominion. The climate becomi h milder as the traveller proceedrt west ; and the thermal line rises, diu- gonally, in a North West direction, uqtil it reaches the Kocky Mountains. In this territory an I approaching the Rooky Mountams the largest coal field in the world is found. This important physicjil fact is coupled with the further fact that the country is parti- cular! y favorable for railway construction, as well with reg'ird to agricultural as engineering facilities. Settlers can o!)tain 16(J acres of land free in Manitoba. For the conditions noco-.3ary to be observed to do this ; or for the terms on which purch ises can be m >de, the reader is referred to an article in another part of this impression, entitled : 'TAe Land System of the Dominion of Canada." Settlers can go to Manitoba either by way of the United .States ; or by the Northern K lil way from Toronto and the L'Akes. over what is known as the Dawson route. Kates of fares by theCuiidim route will be found elsewhere, the head of Agents Reports. BRITLSII COLUMBIA. The last of the Provinces which has been added to the Dominion Confederation is Brit- ish Columbia, forming, so to apeak, its Pacific Ocean face, and c.)mpleting the chain of Pro- vinces across the continent. The Union was completed in 1871 ; and one of its conditions, as agreed to by the Canadian Parliament, was, that the Pacific Railway should be built within 10 yfjars from its date ; the Dominion granting to the Province an annual subsidy of 1100,000 in return for its making over 20 miles of its territory, on each side of the proposed railway in aid of itn ox)n8truction. British Columbia has, taking a straight line, a coast line of about 5Q0 milt^s on the Pacific, and its total area is about 220 000 square miles. Following statements made by the Hon. Mr. Trutch, the present Lieut.-Goveinorof the Pro- vince, when he was in Ottawa, in April 1871, it is in the first place claimed for British Colum bia, that it has a commanding position, not only as regards the trade of the western part of the continent of America, and the Islands of the Pacific, but also as regards China and Japan and other trans- Pacific countries. Its 500 miles of coast line, has a labyrinth of islands along its whole length, forming innu- merable harbours, inlets and canals ; and these, together with the rivers which empty into them, team with fish ; the varieties being sal- mon, sturgeon, mackerel, cod, herring, halibut, oulachans and whales. 'I'hese fisheries, except that for whales, are for the most part undevel- oped ; but they are a source of great wenlt, TheOminloa Gold Fieldn, which were dU - covered in 1870 have during the present year attracte.earei of country. A quantity of gold has be'>n taken out, but the season of 1871 has been unpropitioua on ao count o*" high water in the creeks and nverH. As respects agiicultural ctipabilities, Mr. Trutch sUtes that he "speaks very carefully, " as there appears to be a conflict of opinion, «' at Ottawa, on this point. It is true, as has " been stited, that the country is much '* broken up by intersecting mountain ranges " Hut it must be remom'iered that all is not '' mountainoui. We have a vrry large quan- <' tity of valuafjie land, available for agi ioul- <' tural and pastoral purposes in British Colum •' bia on the high plateaus and interspersed « among the vall?ys, capable of supporting a " very large population ; and though not per- " haps constituting what may be, strictly speak- " ing, called an agricultural country, yet " amounting I think to a fourth or a third of i' the country ; a good portion o* which is now " under cultivation, and yields heavy crops of <' grain and roots." It may be remarked in addition to this, that agricultural produce in a country po seBsiog the conditions of British Columbia, always commands a high price. Dearness of provisions is one of tfie reisons that has rendered Oold mining expensive ; and the production of provisions in the country is not only sure to be profitable to the proflu es, but it will tend rapidly to enhance the wealth of the whole Dominion. We shall again (]uote Mr. Trutch with re- spect to the climate of British Columbia. lie says : " As to the climate I am almost afraid "to touch on it. It possesses such a charm " for one who has experienced it; varying as " it iloes from the humid West of England " climate of Vi«.noouver Island and the coast "region to the drier ciimate of the table land " of the inteiior, and more bracing tempera- " lure of the mountain districts ; but every- " where salubrious and fivorable to the settle- " mentof the country, and forming one of its "main attractions." Po sessed of all these favorable conditions there can be no doubt that in tlie not distant future British Columl)ia will be the home ot a large popul ition and groat wealth. The num- ber ot the actual population is not exactly known; but it is estimated in public it ions by Mr. Graham Alston to be about 50,000. Vari- ous circumstances have combined to keep this Proviiice back in the past. Communica- tion with it has been difficult; and it is con- tended that the fact of its having been a Crown Colony simply has not been favorable to its growth. But all this is now changed. As a part of the Dominion it has the free consti- tution of Canada; and the projects now on foot to open up communication with it will, when completed, make it a country of first commercial importance. The prol)ability is that in the coming years one of the great cities of the world will arise on the borders of the Pacific within the territory of British Columbia. The most direct route to British Columbia from England, is by way of Quebec and San Francisco, the Allan line of steamer furnishing passage tickets through from Liverpool. On arriving in Quebec, passengers proceed through to Chicago by rail, and thence by the Pacifij Railway to San Francisco, where steamers ply regularly to Victoria and New Westminster. The dates of departure, rates of passage, and Hi'tciAi, Aonn ID KiN-t Thomas Conn don agency. Thom It Po and the West of England. KdwinCliy James Rosi D tvid Shaw Angus O. J Edward B.\ and Lorraine. J. E. Klotz All intend! personally or dian I/indon above, or to r United King( Copies of t lets publishec obtained on r I OpF.OBRa op Undrhpa POWKK, . PiSKBONS TIIKIR ¥ North A Ontario am ture, Ottawa Nova Scoli Nova Scotia. New Jiriin, tion Agent, i Brilinh C(j Victoria, Vat Red River : uipeg, Manit GOVERNME Halifax, N tit. John, / Miramichi, Agent. Quebtc — L. Grand Trunk always in aitf steamers, pai ture of all im Montreal—, Ottawa— W R. R. Statior Kingston — Toronto — J Depot, at 0)] Hamilton- Wharf (oppot Winnipeg- for Manitoba North Wes (residence n( These ofiio plying, the 1 all complaint ed to them c u]^or^ation i their respect for sale, dc wages, route; conveyance i ters and rem PERSONS The Classei are : — Persons wi Tenant far itji tnfAl arAR in n.bniit 1'?t\ 000 anim^rA mily ongage with ^ome farmer, an chase of their fan. Agricultural labourers should not emigrate to Canmla after the month of August, unles» coming out to join friends. THE BEST WAY TO REICH CANADA. The emigrant should take bis paaaage, if possible, by the regular lines of steamship, in preference to sailing vessels, as the inoreaaea comfort and saving of time in the voyage, are worth more than the difference of the fare. The Allan steamships sail from Liverpool for Quebec and Montreal every Tuesday and Thursday during the summer, calling at Lon- donderry, (Ireland), the following day. Dtiring the winter these veuela go to Portlan I, whence the Grand Trunk Railway ocnveys passengers to all parts of Canada. The Allan steamships for Nova Sjotia, sail from Liverpool for Halifax every alternate Tuesday, calling at Queenstown, (Ireland) the following day. And from Glasgow to Quebec and Montreal every Tuesday. The steamships of Temperley's line from LoaJon, calling at Plymouth, leave every alter- nate Thursday. For days of sailings of other steamers from London, see the bills or advertiaeuieuis of the Companies or Agents. Cabin fare, from Liverpool to (Quebec, includes provisions, but Jot wines or licjuors, which can be obtained on board (£15 153.) to (£18 183.) Intermediate passage iiKludes provisions, beds, bedding, and all ne^ pessary utensils, (£9 9a.)- Steerage passage includes a plentiful supply of cooked provi- sions, (£G 6s ) Luggage is taken from the ocean steamships to the railway cars free of expene- Steerage passengers must provide their own beds and bedding,and eating and drinking tins. First cabin passengers are allowed 20 cubio feet I interuiedi ite passengers, 15 cubic feet, and steerage passengers 10 cubic feet of lug- gage fiee. i^ll excess will be charged. Childien under eight years of age half price.' Infants under 1:^ months £1 Is. All other particulars can be bad on applica- tion to Allan Brothers and Co., James street, Liverpool, and 85 Foyle street, Londonderry : to J. & A. Allan, 73 Great Clyde street, Glas- gow ; or to the Agents of the Company in the cities and towns of the United Kingdom. Sailing vessels are sometimes advertised to sail from Ports in the United Kingdom in the spring of the year, and if a passenger ship sails from any p ace in the neighborhood where the intending emigrant resides, he miy perhaps find It convenient to take passage by her, ahhough as a rule it is much better to take a steamer, as three or four weeks time will be saved by doing so. 1 he f re by sailing ships is gencr Uy £4 to £4 lOs. A steerage pnsaenger should, if h<^ ooul i manage, ami especially if he h s a family, pro- vide himself with a few tins of the Aylesbury condensed milk and cocoa, a ffvv pounds of cheese and some pic-kl -s. The emi- grant should put these thiuj^s together with any other lit l** comforts he cnn afford in a small trunk, which he should keep beside him in his berth. These dirt'Ctions do not apply -o much to passengers by the All in line, as everything, including medical comforts, is provided in these V changed. ^t;ini/;e(/— Gilbert McMicken, resident Agent from any p ace in the neighborhood where the •y overr DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL !_ i «■'• Hki. 4DJkJSJk.T>Jk^i '' <' JV.'""' ^'I ^r^atf? 1T&GE()(}RAPH1CAL POSITION, AND EXTENT. The little map printed at the head of these remarks is inteuded to give an idea of the ex- tent of the vast territory of British America, Btretching from ocean to ocean, and measur- ing an air line of 3,000 miles from the outer limit of the island of Newfoundland, washed by the Atlantic, to the outer limit of Van- couver's Island in the Facifio. This map, despite its diminutive proportions, shows strikingly the magnitude ot the North American possessions of Great Britain, em- bracing more than half of the continent within their limits, from the southern frontier line ^hich separates them from the United States, to their ice bound extension towards the Arctic Pole. The line of demarcation between the terri- tory of the United States, and the territory of the Dominion of Canada, starts on the east from the mouth of the river Ste. Croix in the Pro- •vince of New Brunswick, at a point where a land-mark, celled the " Monument," is erect- ed ; following the waters ot that river, it crosses a portion of the Valley of the St. John, till it reaches that noble stream — the middle course of which it then follows to the mouth of the St. Francois River; thf ice it is continued by a -broken line till, in the Province of Quebec it reaches the 45th parallel of N. latitude, which it follows to St. Regis on the St. Lawrence. From St. Regis the boundary line between the two countries, is the middle course of the St. Lawrence, and of Leke Ontario, Niagara River, Lake Erie, River Detroit, Lake Ste. Claire, iRiver Ste. Claire, and Lakes Huron and Supe- rior. From the jiead of Lake Superior, the frontier line follows the water courses to Lao des-Boi nd then the 49th parallel to. the Pacific Ocean. North of the frontier line, thus traced, the whole of the continent of Ameiioa is Canadian soil, with the exception of the territory of Alaska, formerly Rusbian America. At the eastern frontier above briefly described, lie,surrounded by the waters of theAtlaniic, the Island ofCape Breton in the Dominion, together with the Provinces of Newfoundland.and Prince Edward's Island, which are British territory ; an-J as a counterpart, at the West lie, sur- rounded by the waters of the Pacific, Vancou- ver's and other islands included in the Domi- nion Province of British C'Olumbia. It is true, a considerable portion of this enormous extent of country is not capable of sustaining a large population 5 but the portion that is available for agricultural and industrial purposes is of immense extent, and sufficient to afford to the emigrating population of Eu- rope ample room for generations to come. Along-side of good soil, and with a favorable climate, belonging to the regions where grains and grasses grow,_ is found the wealth of suiiiicnso lorests, or the best iicjliiug grounds of the world, of mineral deposits where gold, I - I. -, / : • I f^" silver, copper, iron and other metals, together with coal, are found in bountiful profusion. It would be needless to attempt to describe the abundant manner in which the lands of the Dominion of Canada are watered, when such Rivers are named as the St. Lawrence, St. John, Saskatchewan, Mackenzie, Fraser and their numberless tributaries, comprising such rivers as the Saguenay, and the Ottawa : and when we speak of such lakes as Ontario, Erie, Huron, Superior, Manitoba, Nipigon, Winnipeg, Mistassini. All the British North American countries, with the exception of the Province ot New- foundland, and Prince Edward's Island are now integral parts of the Confederation, called the Dominion of Canada; the new, and yet unsettled Provinces and Territories of Manito ba, British Columbia, and the North West having joined their older, and more populous sister Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Ttie Province of Nova Scotia, comprising an area of about 10,000,000 of acres superficies, more than the half of which is composed of good arable land, forms a Peninsula lying be- tween 430 and 46© N. latitude, and 61®, and 67® W. longitude : —It measures 270 miles in length from the Straits of Canso to its Western Atlantic Coast, and 100 miles in width from the Southern Atlantic Coast to the waters of the Bay of Fundy. The rich island of Cape Breton, covering about 2,000, - 000 acres superficies, forms also part of that Province. Nova Scotia, apart from the fertile fields which form the half ot its territory, abounds in coal, and gold mines, not to speak of the other minerals which are found in several counties. The waters by which the Peninsula and the Island are surrounded, ^are stocked with the best description of sea fish. The population of this Province, numbering in the present year 387,800, is occupied in agri- cultural, mining and fishing pursuits, as may be inferred by the triple character of its pro^ ductions. Thepiincipal centre of population is the City of Halifax, containing 29,582 inliabitants, and being the seat of the Provincial QovemK ment. The harbour of Halifax, opening on the Atlantic, and frequented by ships from all parts of the world, and at all seasons, is one of the finest on earth. The Province 0/ New Brunswick, (which, with Nova Scotia, constitutes, what is commonly called in the Dominion, the Maritime Pro- vinces) lies between 45© and 48© N. latitude, and 64© and 68© W. longitude. It is bounded on the west, by the UnitedStates (State of Maine), south, by the Bay of Fundy, and the neck of the Peninsula of Nova Scotia ; east, by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, ana north by the Saie des Chaleurs, and the Pro- vince of Quebec. The superficies of New Brunswick may be computed at about 18,000,- 000 acres of land, by far the greater nart of which is good soil. 'I'his Province possesses over 500 miles of sea coast, and a correspond- ing extent population bered 285,' cultivation lumber fro sea-faring industry of The cities 28,988, and of 6.006, &n ericton. sitt in the inter Provincial ( most impoi situated at name runn: The Prov tent of terr ofSt. Lawr< rallel of N. gigantic rii both sides miles, is be Chaleurs. tt the Unite undetermii the extensi ers, amot^ are the and the Ot line betwe< of Ontario course. T. may be se< land of a] which has i The Pro' 1,191,578 i whom oulti grounds of gage the li tantsof th< immense f distributed other, affoi human ski The hisi 59,699 mhi Governmei export of a populati( tropolis, ai British Noi lUProt by the Pre middle 001 great lake! river, and terrained 1 vast Nort 80,000,000 which is J abounds ii The pop is the larg ture fornu habitants, forests, n; sea faring e Ciovernment ol' Canada. metals, togethclr il profusion, mpt to describe ch the lands of watered, wfaen St. Lawrence, St. OTTAWA izie, Fraier and Bomprising such le Ottawa; and IS Ontario, Erie, )igon, Winnipeg, ifican countries, rovinoe ot New- Td's Island are ^deration, called le new, and yet tories of Manito he North West more populous , Quebec^ New ], comprising an ores superficies, is composed of liusula lying be- ude, and 61 °, ; measures 270 Straits of Canso , and 100 miles tlantic Coast to undy. The rich ng about 2,000,- iso part of that he fertile fields rritory, abounds to speak of the >und in several ch the Peninsula led, [are stocked f sea fish. The lumbering in the •coupled in agri- pursuits, as may Eicter of its pn> •opulation is the ,582 inhabitants, rovindal Govern* X, opening on the ' ships from all 1 seasons, is one oick, (which, with lat is commonly e Maritime Pro- 48 o N. latitude, }ngitude. It is the UnitedStates by the Bay of Peninsula of Nova it. Lawrence, ana irs, and the Pro- lerficies of New at about 18,000,- greater part of povince possesses nd a correspond- ing extent of good iishing grounds. The population of New Brunswick in 1871 num bered 285,777, principally occupied with the cultivation of the soil, and the production of lumber from its rich fprests. Fishing, and sea-faring occupations also largely engage the industry of the inhabitants of this Province. The cities of Saint John, with a population of 28,988, and of Predericton with a population of 6,006, are the two principal towns. Fred- ericton. situated on the River Saint John, and in the interior of the Province is the seat of the Provincial Government. Saint John, one of the most important sea ports of the Dominion, is situated at the mouth of the river of the same name running into the Bay of Fundy. The Province\of Quebec^ covers that vast ex- tent of territory which extends from the Gulf of St. Lawrenot) to the point where the 45th pa- rallel of N. latitude strikes the coarse of the gigantic river of the same name, occupying both sides of its valley for a distance of 950 miles, is bounded on the south by the Baie des Chaleurs. the Province of New Brunswick and the United States, and on the north by an undetermined line, embracing within its limits, the extensive watersheds of a number of riv- ers, amongst which the most remarkable are the Saguenay, the St; Maurice, and the Ottawa — the latter being the dividing line between this Province, and the Province of Ontario along the greatest part of its course. The area of the Province of Quebec may be set down at about 200,000,000 acres of land of all descriptions, the most part of which has a fertile soil. The Province of Quebec has a population of 1,191,576 inhabitants ; the great majority of whom cultivate the soil. The magnificent fishing grounds of the Gulf and River St. Lawrence en- gage the labor of a great portion of the inhabi- tants of the lower part of the Province; while the immense forests of the interior, and the mines distributed from one end of the country to the other, afford a constantly enlarging tiell for human skill, labor and capital. The historical city of Quebec, containing 59,699 mhabitants, is the seat of the Provincial Government, and the most important Port of export of the Dominion, while Montreal, with a population of 107,225 is the commercial me- tropKolis, and the principal Port of Entry of British North America. ThePr&cinee of Ontario is bounded on the East by the Province of Quebec , on the south by the middle course of the L', Lawrence, and the g|reat lakes which form the r:3urce of that great river, and on the west, and north, by an unde- termined line which is to separate it from the vast North West. It covers an area of about 80,000,000 of aci'es of land, the greatest part of which is fertile soil, and the worst of whicn abounds in forests and mineral products. The population of Ontario is 1,620,850 ; which is the largest of all the Provinces. Agricul- ture forms the principal occupation of the in- habitants, although lumbering in the rich forests, mining in the bountiful deposits, anl sea faring occupations on the great lakes, at- 8,,H35 _ 1864iyear 34,586,054 800 miles ol 1864-5 80,644,nM* JJtath. P( «865-6«. .»v •. . n^ Mj4t9,^»f||||irf6 y« 1866 7 94,791,860 2,400 miles 1867-8 119,797,879 1868-9 130,889,946 \ , 1871. 1861. Increase per cent. Ontario Increase. .. 1,620,850 1,396,091 224,759 1,111,566 80,010 252,047 33,730 330,857 56,943 16.10 Quebec Increase. . . 1,101,576 7.''0 Kew Brunswick, increase . . . 285,777 13 38 NerwRcotia.. .. Incrense. . . 387,800 17.21 Increase... 3,486,003 3,090,561 395,442 12.80 the If we add the last fiscal year, we have same rapid increase, the figures being : 1870 $148,387,820 This increase in trade may be taken as one test of (he growth of the country, which has shown greatly accelerated progress since Con- federation, in 1867. It may be remarked with reference to the above figures that there were errors both in the taking and compiling of the Census of 1861, the coriection of which would very much inorease the ratio of increase during the de* eenniad. In 1861 the temporarily absent and preaent were both taken at the enumeration, and both were included in the compilation, which had the efiiect of counting them twice. The Census of Manitoba by the census of 3870 was 11,953, but there was considerable in- crease during 1871, and it is believed, in the ftiture, the increase will be very rapid. There has been no Census taken in British Columbi.^, but it may be stated the population iB estimated at 50,000. The population of the North West Territory of the Dominion, not included in the organized Provinces, is estimated to be 28,700. Making a total population for the whole Dominion ol 3, .576,656. The two island Provinces of British America, not yet included in the Dominion, Newfound- land and Prince Edward Isknd, had the Census taken in 1871. The population of Newfound- land' was f.-und to be 146,536; that of P. E. Island 94,021. Making a total population of British North America of 3,81.7,213. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. The latest returns of Imports and Exports of the Dominion, laid before Parliament, are tot the fiscal year ended June 30, 1870. They PUBLIC ACCOUNTS. The public accounts of the Dominion as laid before Parliament, do not bear later date than June 30, 1870, but from the statements of receipts and expenditure, as published monthly in the Canada Gazette, the following statement is compiled : lieceipla for the 1<\smI Tear ending June 30, 1871. Custom.1 Uil 1,«20,«.'W E-NCliW) 4,;«7,»J9 PostOfflfo iiS7,mi Public Works 1,1()1,091 BUI Ktaraps ]80,7ra MlBcellanoous 925,^1 Total li),0,->l,2.38 Eixnenditure for the Fiscal Year ending June ^, 1871. $lo,W0,266. These figures show a large surplus of Reve- nue over Expenditure of $3,413,982. The following comparison between the fiscal years 1870 and 1871, shows an increase under every heading of jeceipts: — 18C9-70. 1870-71. Customs $9,;«1,212 $11,820,8;« E.\cis.^ ;t,619,62vJ 4,3;j7,60;^ PoHt Office 573,5t»') 627,ttS« Public Works 1,00H,«44 1,1«1,(W1 Bill Stamps i;}^,047 18U,7»3 MisceUaneous 343,9.S.5 926,394 Totals 15,512,265 19,054,211 These figures may be accepted as another proof of the remarkable prosperity of the country, which has been particularly marked since Confederation. The following is a further statement illus- trative of this fact, taken from a report of Mr. Langlon, the .Dominion Auditor : The receipts of Consolidated Fund liave been, Inl.s67-g.... $13,687,028 49 1868-9 14,!i79,174 62 1869-70 15,512,'J25 65 $13,579,328 60 Tlie expenditure in 1S67.X. $l.'!,fKC,092 06 l,S(;--n ii,();(S,iwi 00 1869-70 1 \,:Mh,m) .58 •il;869,0,86 51 Lciwin"' n surplus incoino of Consolidated Fund of..... 1,709,612 12 But in the expenditure of (lie three years tliere have been Included payments to- wurd.s the Sinking Fund, which Is so much reduction of the capital of our debt— lSi)7-« $a55,20fl fifi lSii8-9 420,806 66 18U(>-70 126,.5;« 33 : 9(W,G0e 65 so that during the three years there ha.'* -been a surplus Income available for the reduction of the debt, or for other expen- diture on capital account of 1 2,618,248 77 The net debt of the Dominion, _." deducting assets, in 1870, was $78,209,742 45 'iVunk is th( ration. Of colonial is Loup to Ual The Rail? those reachi CAN The canal difficulties c Straits of B< ior, a distal artificial or < Another c ties of the C City of Olta navigation b A still tur plain with tl In Nova crosses an is St. Peter's I Island of C Little Bras outlet into tl In 1870 Ctl liament) the Dominion wa mail route 2( mail txdvel 1 ters sent by enue$l,010,i 261. The nun Kingdom anc number of pa The Post (. letters are oa prepaid. Ne from the oilic cent euch. DOi The Teleg reaches to ah the Dominion form rate of L graph is very connects with globe. There is no publication to Dominion. B the school sys In every part the poorest, ai find free scho( may be obtaii generally usee Total Trade. 9 68,955,093 76, 11 9, 84 J 79,398,067 81,458,.H35 The Railways of the Dominion already in operation are over 3,000 milea in length. There are besides in process ot construotion 1,100 miles more. Charters have been obtained for 34,586,054 800 miles of Railway not yet commenced, apart 80,644,^yj|j|jth* Pacific Railway, which is to be, built ^,47«,jp^MfnliH6 yearai) th* length of'whichr'fc about 94,791,860 2,400 milea. Of those completed the Grand .. 119,797,879 .. 130,889,946 r, we have the } being : .. $148,387,820 le taken as one itry, which has ress since Con- T3. iminion as laid later date than he statements , as published the following 7 June no, 1871. ii,Ha),.s.'ts 1,1G1,091 ]80,7!I3 925,301 i!),or>i,a38 ny June 30, 1871. rplus of Reve- 1,982. ween the fiscal ncrease under 1870-71. $11,820,8;« 4,3;f7,60;^ 627,ttS0 1,1«1,{S>1 1HU,793 926,394 19,0*1,211 :ed as another perity of the ilarly marked .atement illus- report of Mr. Trunk is the longest, having 1,377 milea in ope- ration. Of those being constructed the Inter- colonial is the longest being from River du Loup to Halifax, about 499 miles. The Railways of the Dominion connect with those reaching to all parts of the continent. CANALS OF THE DOMINION. The canals of the Dominion overcome the difficulties of St. Lawrence navigation from the Straits of Belle Isle to the head of Lake Super- ior, a distance 2,384 miles ; of which 71 J are artificial or canal navigation. Another canal system overcomes the difficul- ties of the Ottawa, between Montreal and the City ot Ottawa. And a further system opens navigation between Ottawa and Kingston. A still turther system connects Lake Cham- plain with the navigation of the St. Lawrence. In Nova Scotia the St. Peters Canal crosses an isthmus of half a mile, connecting St. Peter's Bay on the Southern coast of the Idland of Cape Breton with the Great and Little Bras D'Or Lakes, possessing a natural outlet into the Atlantic. PO&r OFFICE. nydmaUorqu.m- tity, will have the right of pre-emption there- to ; he may have his application entered with the Land ( >fficer, and may at any time obtain a patent by paying $1 (4«2dBtg. an acre, being the price lixed by Uoyernmeui for the ■ale of audi land. But the claimant before entering bis ap. ElioatioD must' make an affidavit befo«re th* and Officer that he has not previously exer- cised his right of pre-emption; and he must further furnish, by bis own affidavit together with the testimony of two credible witnessea proof to the Land Officer of the settlement and improvement of the land. No assignment of pre-emption right prior to the issuing of the patent will Ivj rooognized by the Government. A settler on land which he may have enter- ed for pre-emption, m'»y subsequentl", on ap- plication to the Land Officer, have 'a home- stoid right substituted therefor, lieservativns. — The following lands are re- served trom the operation of the regulations, above stated : 1. The iund.^ allotted to the Company. 2 Lands reserved for schools. 3. Wood 1 mds set apart for supplying settler* with timber. Hudson's Bay ive been, 8 49 4 62 5 (S $13, .579, 328 GO 2 91} t (iO ) oS ■ 41j8(i9,0.S0 51 1,709,612 12 ted lars to- BO our ) fifi itjO i 33 — 908,606 65 ins the en- ..^2,618,218 77 78^09,742 45 In 1870 (the latest statistics laid before Par- liament) the number of Post ottices in the Dominion was 3,820 ; the number of miles of mail route 20,430 ; number of miles of annual mail txavel 11,695,726; and ihe number of lei- ters sent by Post 24,500,000. The posUl rev- enue $1,010,767 ; and the expenditure $1,555,- 261. The number of letters between the United Kingdom and Canada was 1,215,104; and the number of papers 1,321,718. The Post Office reaches to every village, and letters are carried at a unitorm rate of 3 cents prepaid. Newspapers prepaid by the quarter from the office of publication for about ^ of a cent each. DOMWION TELEGRAPHS. The Telegraph system of the Dominion reaches to almost every considerable village in the Dominion, and messages are sent at a uni- form rate of 25 cents per 10 words. 1 he tele- graph is very generally used by the people, and connects with the systems of every part of the globe. EDUCATION. There is not space within the limits of this publication to give statisticsof education in the Dominion. But it may be generally stated that the school system is of a very perfect character. In every part of the country the children of the poorest, as well as those of the well to do, find free schools, at which excellent education may be obtained ; and the advantage is very generally used. The road to the higher schools THE PROVINCES DOMINION. OF THE The following is a short sketch of the prin- cipal features of the Provinces, which cop pose the Dominion, beginning with the most. Eastern : NOVA SCOTIA. The Province of Nova Scotia embraces anr area of al)Out 10,000,000 acres, lying between the parallels of 43® and 46° north latitude and 61® and 67° West longitude, aboui half of which is estimated to be well adapted for settlement, a great proportion of it being of superior quality, the whole being well watered, in part abounding with rivers, lakes and spring brooks. As a general rule the lands of the sea-bord are rocky and sterile, exposing naked clitis of shelving shores of granite and other harrl rocks, giving the beholder an idea of hopeless desola- tion, poverty and barrenness, but let the visitor penetrate a few miles into the interior, which he can do as comfortably as it he were in Eng- land, and he will be surprised at the change that comes o'er the landscape. He will see thriving villages, well stocked farms and all the evidences of plenty, as well as some charm- ing instances of refined taste and culture. The whole sea coast abouqds with fish of various descriptions «8 well within the Buy of Fundy, as the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Gut of Canso. The principal fisheries being those for cod, haddock, hake, pollock, mackerel, and herrings, and are extensively prosecuted b} the inhabitants as well for home use as for exportation. The streams too, with which ihe province is beautifully watered abound with brook trout, which is found in every lake and stream, and in some instances salmon, too, of excellent quality. Tho climate of Nova Scotia is both healthy ia the reach of the pcoro?t. PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. The climate of New Brunswick is exceeding- ly healthy and favorabie for agricullural opera- tions. The teatiraony is universal on this point. I'rofeBBOr Johnson, a well known writer, Btatos that the average yield per acre? in New Brung- wick ia greater than in the State of New York or Ohio. Wheat averages 2U bunhels per acre ; Barley 29 ; O.its 34 ; Rye 2Ui ; Bunkwlieat 331; Indian Corn 415 ; Potatoes 226; Turnips 46U: and Hay IJ tons. There are no free grants of lands, but for £4 sterling the settler can pro- cure 100 acres, subject to the conditions that he (i^all take possession of the rame and com- m*-nce improving the land ; and the X4 so paid shall be expended in the construction of roads and bridges in the neighborhood j or he may, instead of paying the price named, perform works on the roads to the value of £2 a year, for a period of three years, which is to be con- sidered an equivalent for a money payment, lie is required to build a house of not less dimensions than 16 by 20 feet, reside therein, and clear and cultivate ten acres within three years; and when these conditions are complied with, a grant under the (iroat .Seal of the Pro vince ia issued, vesting the land in him and his heirs. There is a further provision, that should the means of the settler be limited, he may, from time to lime, and lor reasonable periods, absent himself from his farm, in order to pro- cure the means of support lor himself and lamily, without forfeiting his claim. The number of acres of land actually settled in Wew Brunswick, is 7,534,497, and of lands open for settlement 9,762,363 acres. The construction of the Intercolonial and Other Railways has already given a great im- petus to industry in New Brunswick ; and it is believed that immigration to this Province will in the future be much larger than in the past. Any poor man who is willing to work in New Brunswick is sure to get on. _ The Province ia for the most part heavily timbered, and lumbering is one of th') great industries. It gives employment to a consid- erable part of the population, especially in the winter. The large quantity of timber furnishes facilities for ship building, whiob is largely carried on ; and this leads to a considerable trade with the West Indies. The mining resources of the Province are extensive ; but they have^ not hitherto been much developed. The fisheries are very rich and valuable. They are among the finest in the world. Itis believed that New Brunswick oflers great advantages for Scandinavian immigrants, a colony of whom has been successfully settled in the adjoining State oi Maine. But it is re- ported they have found the soil of New Bruns- wick to be of superior richness. New Brunswick is within ten days passage of Liverpool, by steamers, of which th^ lollowing regular lines are established between St John, the Chief City of the Province, and the principal ports of the United Kingdom. The Steamers of the "Allan" Line leave Liverpool every Thursday, calling at London- derry for passengers and mails ; during the winter months^ — from November to April— they goto Portland, (Jlaine); during the summer months to ilontreal.— (See Messrs. Allan's advertisement for rate of passages, &o.) sTx per cent. But tiie piu;oal wlu^ni tlio Ian are sold is so low, that is from 30 cl.s. to 60 cts. per aero (15d. to 23. 5id. sterling) that these conditions are very little burdensome. In fact, it ia equivalent to the same thing as giving them away in the wilderness form ; for the price at which they are sold barely covers the coat of making the survey and making roads. •at ot maKmg tno survey wia msKing rcmus, a p^' _, „o„ The pJrchiiserib required to take POf»e««i^ff '^i^.™*"Xw of the land sold within six months ot the date of the sale, and to occupy it within two years. lie must clear, in the course of ten years, ten acres lor every hundred held by him, and erect a h»biiable house of the dimensions of at least 10 ft. by 20 ft. 'I he Letters Patent are issued free of char^je. Un eight of the great colonization roads 84 050 acres are set apart for free grants, and in lots of 100 acres each. Any person over 18 years may demand a permit of occupation from any Crown Lands Agent; and if at the end of four years he has cleared 12 acres and built a house, ho rany take out Letters Patent free of charge. The parts of the Province ot Quebec now inviting colonization are the valleys of the Saguenay, St. Maurice and the Ottawa; the Eastern Townships ; the Lower St. Lawrence ; and Ga8p6. The settleinont in the valley of the S.\ouenat is much higher in latitude than Quebec, lying between the 48th and 40th parallels; but the climate is about the same as cliat of Quebec, and around Lake St. John it is said to be even more moderate. The soil in this locality is very rich, being argillaceous mingled with a small quan- tity of sand. The ordinary crops ripen very well, and a road is being completed across the country to make direct communication with the city of Quebec, The territory watered by the St. Maurioh and its tributaries covers an immense region of 24,140 square miles. There are at present surveyed and divided into tarm lots 441,200 acres for sale at 30 cts. per acre, (Is. 2|d. stg.) The recent exploration in the valley of the Matawati, a tributary of the Upper St. Maurice, draining a large tract of land about 75 miles beyond the Lautentian chain, has revealed the existence of an extensive tract of fertile land which is now attracting the attention of colonists. Iwo parallel roads, the first starting from the town of Joliette, the second from Terrebonne, —a di8t.*nce of 36 miles apart— have already been opened as f .r as the Matawan. Settlement is taking place on them. In the Ottawa Valley the number of acres surveyed and divided into farm lots is 1,358,- 500, offered for sale at 30 cts. per acre (Is. 2ijd. stg.) The colonization of these lands is going on very rapidly, and new townships are being opened. The valley of the Ottawa is the prin- cipal seat ot the lumber operations of the PrOf vince. Many of the tributaries of the Ottawa con- tain large quantities of fish. Trout are caught in large numi ers in some of these back waters, and packed in snow for transport to Southern markets, where they bring a high price. In the Eastern Townships, the Government owns 922,300 acres of wild lands, Avhich it ofi'ers at from 50 cts. to 60 cts., (2s. 3d. to 23. 5id, stg.) per acre. Settlement in the Eastern Townships is proceeding very rapidly. They are among the most inviting portions of the Province for settlers. The climate is some- what milder than at Quebec or Montreal. The Thd prO(luci!)g country needs— to cultivate the th9 ordin ry hoi communication to another, by r*iilway8. readily purchas one to two hvm, aud improved. Uncleared lai an acre, accord i and improved f ing-", can be hot to £10 an acre, be jjaid in insta The leasing of 1 neral rule, as m they caltivate. would do well n but to get som important a t- would study th< ployme it as it they wil! soon 1 ly their conditi( use of mejhan their hands to f acquisition of g Men commen capital but stro: dom keep in th a period of moi ally become em is this moral cei when the prof brightens the h tions of the ne« In coming t< will find thems< of comfort an which they left educating their religious privile the old nationa] fathers loyally < of intercourse with 1 he central of which Cana their country fc derable part. THE The Provincii a large tract of abou. 3,000,0U( and select for t home. Every gratis, 200 acre ed at the age o in the Free Grai by the Governr linction of sex, several childre: may lake up a few yea; s, whei ed joint possess estate. These acres on each under crop, acres are 1 vaied annuall; habitable hous and to re-ide c in each year. u tho Tiin Its. to 60 eta. th;it these ne. In fuel, ig OS giving pm ; for tUe y oovera the cing rouds. e j)osi?e«Hit>n ot the date 1 two years, n years, ten m, and erect 18 of at least t are issued zation roads ;rant8, and in •son over 18 ipation from e end of four uilt a house, 56 of charge. (Quebec now lleys of the Dttawa; the I. Lawrence ; he Saouenat aebeo, lying els ; but the Quebec, and )e even more is very rich, small quan- ripen very I across the ication with Maurioei and le region of at present lots 441,200 8. 2|d. Btg.) ralley of the St. Maurice, lut 75 miles revealed the f fertile land ttention of ing from the Terrebonne, lave already Settlement iber of acres )ts is 1,358,- icre (Is. 2iid. nds is going IS are being I is the prin- j of the i'ro*' Ottawa con- it are caught back waters, to Southern price. Government rhich it ofi'ers I. to 23. 5id, the Eastern pidly. They rtions of the late is some- )ntre'»l. The I'hu producing class, then, is thit whi.h the country needs — men to olcnr thj forest lands, to culiivate tho koiI, to build houte^ to nuke the ordin ry household goods, and to open up communication from one part of the country to another, by the construction of roada and railways. 1 4^F(kraters posBensing moderate me;inB o.in readily purchase or lease suitable firms of from one to two hunJred acres, more or less cleared aud improved. Uncleared land varies in price from 28. to40'». an acre, according to situation and soil. Cleare I and improved farms, including the farm build- ing--, can be bought at prices ranging from £1 to £10 an acre. The money can nearly always be paid in instalments, covering several years. The leasing of farms is an exception to the ge- neral rule, as most men desire to own the Imd they cultivate. Emigrants possessing means would do well not to be in a haste to purcliase, but to got some experience before taking so important a e-tep. Agricultural labourers would study their own interest by accepting em- ploy me it as it will be ofl'eredon arrival, and they wil! soon learn how to improve permanent- ly their condition. Persons accustomed to the use of mejhanical tools, who intenJ turning their hands to farming, will often tind such an acquisition of great convenience and value. Men commencing as labourers, without any capital but strong arm^ and willing minds, sel- dom keep in that condition very long, but.after a period of more or less duration they gener- ally become employers of labor themselves. It is this moral certainty of rising in a social scale, when the proper means are employed, that brightens the hopes and stimulates the exer- tions of the needy settler. In coming to Ontario, old country people will find themselves surrounded by appliances of comfort and civilization similar to those which they left in the old land ; the means of educating their children universally diffused ; religious privileges almost identically the sam- ; the old national feeling for the land of their fathers loyally cherished ; and an ea«y means of intercourse both by steam and telegraph, with ihe central heart of the great Briti=h,Empire of which Canadians ar« proud to bbast that their country forma an integral and uo inconsi- derable part. THE FREE GRANT LANDS. The Provincial Government has thrown open a large tract of land, including (53 townships, abou. 3,000,000 of acres, where persons may go and select for them-elves the site of a future ho;ne. Every head cf a family can ob;ain, gratis, 200 acres ot land, and any person arriv- ed at the age of 18 years, may obtain 100 acre-^ in the Free Grant distr.cts, Ihis offer is made by the Governmeat to ail persoos, without dis- linction of sex, so that a large family having several children in it at or pa-st 18 years of age may lake up a lar^e tract, and become, in a few yea;s, when the land is cleared and improv- ed joint possessors of a valuable and beautiful tstate. The settlement duties are: to have 15 acres on each grant of lOO acres cleared and under crop, of which, at least two acres are to be cleared and culti- vated annually for five years; to build a habitable house, at least 16 by 20 feet m size ; and to re-.ide on the land at least six months in each year. tie result or the legml ition on Um The Ooloniaition in it weigh 68 ih.H. Barley, onts, pens potatoes, turnips and carrots are also raiserl. A variety of Indian Corn is raised, and might be generally, but the people don't OJire about it. They gencrnlly put orops in from the mi Idle of April to the middle of Mil y,and harvest in Auguct. Thi>yh«r« never bad the potato liiitense nor the weevil in wheat. Witness did not think there were any farms on the wooded lands ; but the sotl in the woods appears to be richer than on the pr.iirie Coal has been di-scovered 40 mlus from I'ortige La Prairie, by Indians, cropping out on the river banks. They have frosts in September, but not fufficient to blanch the prairie grass. There is a kind of grass which remains green at the bottom all winter. Horned cattle are kept in, In winter; but horaea may run out all winter. They feed cittle in the winter. One year he bought a new place, and being Hhort of stabling he left out some of his cattle, and these were the fittest in the spring. They were only sheltered from winds. Snow is generally a foot and a hiilfdeep; but in places there are drifts. Weather in winter is dry, and there are no sleety storm'?. Tempeniture at times 43 0and 44® below zero, but very rarely. Some uf his neighbours hive left 30 or 40 horses running at large all winter for the last 10 years. They live on prairie grass. When he was in Minneso ta it was 41 * below zero. They can move about in the cold weather with comfort. They have no thaws in winter. Snow begins about middle or latter p«»rt of November. Winter is steady. Spring commences at end of March and first of April. Ihe roads are sufficient for carriages and all the smiller streams are bridged. From bis place to Fort Garry there is a good road. Average height of the prairie grass is not more than a foot. The pincipal farmers are Eng- lish and Scotch. There are some rabbits, and the birds are ducks, geese, cranes, swans, snipe, a small partridge, prairie chickens and pigeons. The heat at midsummer goes as high as 90 o. Warm weather commences at middle of May. Nights are generally cool. Oats do well. Potatoes do very well, as do also carrots and turnips. Witness said he had not eaten a good potato since he came to Canada. The grass- hoppers did n ,t make their appearance till 1857, but had heard they had been tliera m the early days of the settlement. Their next appearance was in 1864. They did great hurt. For three times within 14 years they have de- posited their eggs. They get lumber in the Bittlement. There is a saw mill at Lake Win- nipeg. Of fish, they have white fish, sturgeon of a large size— from 103 to i300 lb«~cat fish, perch, pike and gold eyes. Population of Portage La Prairie is about 300. « Natives, some Canadians, but no French." They have three Epi-^copalian churches, Presbyterians have their services in a private house at pre- sent. The settlement is entirely Protestant There is a high school belonging to the Pro- testants, Bishop Macrae's, at St. John's, where they teach classics, nKithematics and tlieology. There are no Protestants at St Boniface. There is a splendid stone cithe in CaoadH. He has below zero. On the began last yoar on hen oti the wild g-ass .'he wild grajJSHeemed winter's snow, and ley prefer it to hay. before the Itith of a some frost in the 1 no potato disease- 1 be prinoipnl ^nrt of the l.uid, fioia the bound ary line to As.iinnibnine, is fit for settlement. Distance isi about 64 miles. About Ntinkiug hiver tho country is really beautiful. Itose trees and striwberries grow ia luxuriance on the higher partH of prairie to which he had re- ferred. Tho gnwa is very nutritious, and during winter borHOH sortipe tho snow away to gef. it. He saw the first well to the north on a stock private hoi)» s they are alway-* worth their price. Best time to go is latter part of May and month of October. It would Uke a team about 20 days f,om St. Cloud. By going in Miiy he can build a house- and plough the ground ready for spring. They do not plough deep. Carpenters are in dei*. mand. Thty have been getting IDs. a day. Plasterers the same. For stone masons iherd IS no demand. Immigration has been increaa- ing since he went there. "The educational facilities are good, Charles Mair's Bvidenct. Charles Mair, examined— Is a native of Lan- ark, Canada. Went to Red River two years ago, as paymaster on tho Fort Garry section of the Red River Road. He is familiar with the country from a point 60 miles east from Fort Garry, to 120 or 130 miles west. He has cross- ed the Assmniboine at two different points- one 130 miles west of Fort Garry— and knows the country between that river and Pembina and St. Joseph-ha f-breed settlements on the frontier. It is a beautiful rolling countiy and well timbered. Receding from the rivers the country is rich. There' is wood enough for ordinary purposes One-tenth of the land ie covered with wood though it is small. There are not many lakes or streams. Waggon* could be taken over every part of it. There are plenty of birds. All the Canadian kinds besides the magpie, which are very common. ihere is a spicies of small hare in the country Iherearo geese including the white Arctic goose. Has seen all the aquatic and land birds except woodcock and quail. There are squir- rels, but they are smaller than in Canada. He has been over the countiy between Manitoba Lake and the Assinniboine. It is a fine country. He has taken up handfuls of veget- able loam at a depth of 6 feet on the prairies. He has seen coal deposit-. It is used at Fort Edmonton and at Fort Garry in the forces • it appeared friable, when I look at it, from expo, sure- Ihe deposits have been on fire several times. It is considered good coal. It is brought from the Souria River, 180 miles west. The Assi nloine is uavig.tble as far as Portnge La Prairio by steamboat. But it is shallow and bed sandy and shifting. It might bo Hredged. He has known as many as 65 or 70 bushels of wheat grown to the acre ; the average vi dd I have heard, placed at 40. I may say ' that a iU toUl area in ntniut 220 CKKJ i<|Utro milfit. Following Ntatomflntii mndo liy the Hon. Mr, TruU;!), ihi'i)r««Ment l.i«njt.'Joveinorof th« I'ro Tinoe, whflii iii won in OtUwt, to April 1871, it ia in tho lirHt plai-e tilitime*! for British Colum bia, thMtithuH a cominaiiifn'ble, frosstone, slate^ cement, &q.'' to itH growth. Hut dl lliu u now ch.inge "s. millwrights, and maiminists, for whom there is always a steady demand. Canada offers great facilities for Q^t /^fowers, dressers, spanners, &o., but this industry re- quires to be developed. Domestic servants, and needle women. Boys and girls over !;> years of age. Families with fixed incomes will find in Ca- nada, with much less ditticulty than amidst the crowded population of the Mother Country, a suitable and pleasant home, with every facility for educating nnd starting their children in life. Persons living on the interest of their money can easily get from 7 to 8 per cent on tirst class security. Money deposited in the Po^t Office Savings Banks (Government security) draws 4 per cent interest. The rate allowed for the deposit of monef on call in other Savings Banks and Banks, is from 4 to 5 per ceut, with undoubted security. PERSONS WHO SHOULD NOT EMIGRATE- Clerks, shopmen, or those having no particu" lar trade or calling, and unaccustomed to man- ual labor, or females above the grade of do- mestic servants, should not emigrate to Cana- da, unless going to situations previously en- gaged, as the c/)untry is Itilly supplied and in fact overstocl ' v\> >\ prrsons of this class. THE TLi^ v BMIGR.^TE. It is imp 'T'.ni tiiiM. the emigrant should get to Canada uarly in the spring, By leaving home in the middle of April or beginning of May he will arrive at a time when labor is in general demand. The highest wages are paid during harvest, but his great object should be to get engaged by the year, so as to be sure of a comforiable home for the wsnler. lie must remember that until he gets into the ways of the country, he is of much less use to the farmer than he will be afterwards : and he should thereforo be tiuiit any p ac« in lliu neigfil>orho(M| wh«1 bough as a rule it is much better to take a steiuiMr, AS three or four weeks time will b« saved hf doing HO. 1 he f re by sailing ships i** gener Uy Jt:4 to £4 IUh. A Mttierage pnnsenger should, if h^ ooul i manage, ami oHpe' ially i*° he h h a family, pro- vide himself with a few tins of the Ayl«>sbuiy condensed milk and cocoa, a IVw pounds of cheese and itome pi ■! 1 s. The emi- grant <)houl i nut these thin((M together with any other lit Vi comforts lie om aiionl in a small trtmk, which he shoul 1 keep (>esid« hint in his bfrth. Thfse directions do not apply -o mi:oh to pnsiengers by the Allm line, a^ everything, including medical comforts, if provided in these steamships. No Frkh Passaors arb QitANTiD TO Canada. — The cost of the ocean passige to Cara their license be- 1 such person . irciing house keep- prices he charges single meals, to any ;« with him, and 1 of the Emigrant's jized by the land- fe dollars, tion Agents, where se laws are carried IN CANADA. :alifax, N.S.,orSt. inswick, he should i Governraect Im- oftB, who will give lis movements lor >loyment in those to proceed to the should always, in mship which saiia 68 at Quebec, he erected Govern- s ; where he vfill ule for his recep- 3 he can wash and roceeding inland, ,k Kailway or the :ed, or if he be not ligrant sh luld be ment Agent, whom and wlio will give ! as to where to go, employmeiit. In iOuld consult the Jes of tr ivel. The ays in att ndance to attend to the ■e pot to listen to iOJis hanging about business is to mike oung females and ifFered from being le. Quebec, holding t, to get informa- } for that purpose, ;ompany will take they are ready to ireful to have his and the Ra-lway isible for it. to join friends or he f.ounti-y should s will .-^et plenty ig districts. The )ne who loses his !ity, unless when Eoms other good i first find work &i, take the first offer than be idle until aund. )VERNMENT TS WriUlN THE towns there was a large domand for mechanics of all klnda; pvrtlcularly for Jolnerw, Khlp-carpenU th, mn- sons bricklayers, and shoomiikerH mul tailors. In several -3 eS to a. 9< > o di o o GouNTias. 1 S 1 2 tlH o a < Hi 1 s 27 50 2) lit- 2(i 12 lUO 8 20 2 "0 1 2 1 .1 3 2 St John 60 Alt>(>rt \Vp^t-Tr|r»rl]in(l , , 2 KilU'-'S H6 31 21) 3 3 17 13 4 (Juf'f^J^*^ « QijTihnrv 12 23 12 1 2 4 l(i 2 York 2 Carlcton 50 23 4 2ftliat success awaits the poor emigrant in this lo- c;illty. Is visible in Uie thriving settlements scattered throughout the land, of men of all nationalities. But I apprehend that it is not eo much, the lulvantage* oyten to the emigrant that require to be made known. It being alrciidy sufficiently notorious, that the grcAt want of the Dominion, Is p<'ople, and that once arrived, iu anv part, the problem, how to get a living, so con- tinuously confronting the poor mart, in the Old World, is at once solved, but rather to let tlie immigrant know how he can most conveniently reach these shores :— " Conveyances both by steam and saiUng shlim, are abundant, safe and expeditious, while by the unsurpas. sed line of steam ships of the Messrs. Allan, special ao- c(>nimo i^uglish, 2,i«0 Irish, 3,4*} Scotch, 201) Germans, 12,0ixi Norwegians, and 4()0 from other countries. The trades and callings of the sUier- age male adult-s may bo generally ciassitied lus : 2,984 Farmers, U, ia> laborers, 1,074 mechanics, 89 clerks and traders, and 4 professional men. ,„ , " Iuin\ediatrH 150 I'nlntorH (17 Hhoemukers 'no Tailors yo Watch and Clock Mnkers 24 Machinists ix;» UtttU'PM 17 I'Mirrlers H nnckraak'TH 3U Tlloiniik('r» IH Carrlu4<«miikors 17 Hhlpcarijoutors . «H Skilled farm Ialx)ror(, HVi Maklnga total of. oau And Mr. Bollp, the Immlj,Tant A({ontoi llio IVovln- «al OovcninK'nt, of tit.ebec at Montreal. Rtai4« that «ie ""rnher of Immlgrania who found employment hi DIM dlHtrlct.waH 1771. OTTAWA. ITr. W. J. Wills, Dominion Government Im- niigration Agent at Oiiawa, atates : — "Tho arrlyals In 18T1 hay© been aa follows at this CJountry. Katlves of England. '■ Ireland.. " Hcotlaiid. " Germany mo 118 50 27 435 s o 102 »S 'JJ 19 U16 a 181 03 17 39 300 3 o H 6'£i J79 91 981 -*im^"i"i.^'*^^.**"i^„^'^" urrivod here this soation were ^fVf^fxl ol In the follow In,' order, Tlz — i^*l„ ?}u*''n '' ^? the rity of Ottawa, ^2; County of Car- lfm„ ' \f' ^^e'^frew, 151; Russell, 6(5 ; Ljinark, 31 ; Gren- fnw'„\V. ^i^^V.V'T'.^^'^^^*^^'^ 1«; i'omlac, '25; Tomnf^ '^?*^\\'"''.' ** • , ^ "-y P"Bst<>n. 2 ; London, 1 ToUlJ^Sl *'»"'''«'^'' !•»; Left for bnlted States, 1. tj,« n,?? imiwrted labor of the season was composed of Uxo undorniontlonod classes of laborers and mechanics : Agricultural laborers . . .161 Bakers 2 Butchers a Bricklayers ,'.'."'." 12 Blacksmiths 7 Brass Turners 2 Civil Engineers 2 Clerks 52 Common laborers 77 Engine Drivers 5 Gas fitters 3 Grooms 3 Harness Makers '.'! 1 Carpenters 27 Millers 2 Machinist* 7 Musician 1 Painters 5 Printers Sailors 10 Soap Makers 1 Set vant Maids 65 Shoemakers '10 Stonecutters, Masons. . .' 22 Tailors Watchmakers 1 Waiters, Boys 22 Total. .515 "Tho following are the applications received from all sources. Agricultural laborers Oimmon >< ... Servant Maids .', Carpenters ',', Blacksmiths " .' Bhoemakers ,[ Masons \\\\ Bricklayers ....'.'. Tailors .".'!!*.".' Tanners and Curriers. ,. Waggon Makers, Wheelwrigii'ts". Coopers ^ Brickmakers Cabinet Makers WalterBoys MiUers 2 as 218 25 11 26 48 20 16 36 2 43 1 3 b Ph i,2e!> f«)3 030 27 6 44 105 114 'M a 1 6 o 1,294 3,519 1,0.S2 l,4;i7 1,178 52 17 m 153 131 39 ti 3 6 30 2 4,1 4.813 -r«-/ h.,ln "^r*^ ^""^ l*'^"'" ^'^"'•^ a°'l unskilled was ▼ory large. A much larger number of ImmlVrants might have been placed by me, and rates («1?^«r ^«X7.<-''-« better, both in the ^Ity and surroundf,^ ♦^,*.L'^'^!,'*'"I'';'■"•' labourers have been in great roouost throughout tho whole Ottawa Valley, and I am sXTl have U, xny that I was not in a ixwlt on to furnfsh wMnl.VT '^ •"'J''?"^' ''"PP'y t.> nil the man^ or ers which 1 0001^.(1 from the farming cominu Uv T^m OtUwa Country is yearly increasing in Its wZlrtIo s mat< riaT'lo moof ' l.?'^-^ *"'/»"*' lmP«rtati,m'of ' ?^ inaw run to meet tho roqulromcni.s of AKrlcii during the season, I have no doubt Miat four times tho numlxT of each class could have been settled with- out the least difflculty within the limit* of this ngcncv , " This agency has suHenxl much through want of I laiKjur of all kinds this season, perhaps more particu- larly that of agricultural labor, male and female. I am however, in hoi)es now that the fine buildings Incours" of construction hero for tho accommodation of Immi- grants are U) be opened next season, that a much larger proiwrtlon of the Immigrants who may arrive next year, will bo distributed tiirougb this agency, "The demand for female servants has been very great In this agency for years (last. " There has been a falling oiTln tho numl>ers of appU- cjitions for labor In ct)mi>arlson with last year by muni- cipalities, owing tf» the fact that their frequent de- n.ands for laborers, Ac, In former years, have not been comijliml with. Tho demand for labor (skilled and unskilled) has boon for several years past far greatr- er thaii trie supply. "While visiting my agency last spring, I was sur- prl.sod to see tho extent to which manufactories have reached in th»dlfl'orent Towns within Its limits. " In all tho places visited 1 met with groat encourage- mont. All the officials of tho dllferent towns and em- ployers of latx>r taking an active Interest In the wel- fare of Immigrants and using every exertion to pro- mot* their distribution throughout their dlflerent mu- nioipalltles, and to promote their welfiire gei irally " Kktaii. I'kioe Liht ol' the ordinary articles of Food, lliiliueut, Ac, required by the working classes. ABTIOLBfl. Bacon per lb Biojid, per 4 lb. loaf. . , Buttoi, sjilt, per lb Beef and Mutton, per lb Cheese, " Cotfiae, " ' Eggs, per dozen Flour, per 100 lbs Milk, jior quart Potatoes, jxir bushel Pork, per lb Rice, " Sugar, brown, " Tea, black, per lb '' green, " Tobacco, " (^LOTIIINO. Coats, each Trow.sers ][\ Vests ][\ Blankets, i)er pair ." .' , Rugs, each FUuinel, pwr yard [ .' Canadian Oloth, per yard Cotton Shirting, " '. Shoes, Women's " Boots, " ; Shoe.s, Men's Boots, " ; ; House Rent, per month. . From. Sterling, s. d. 12 8 4 8 2 2 2 4 5 8 10 4 2 4 10 3} 8 2 2 4 To s. d. 00 (X) 00 10 6} 1 9 m u 2i 2 6 2 10 2 4 4 6 6 12 2 I' 3 3 6 16 6 RKTt«^f3 of the average wages paid to Mechanics, Lalx)urers, Ac. Ac, within the limits of the King! ston Agency, during the season of 1871. ^ Ci,A.s3 OR Calling. Boiler makers per "lay... . Blacksmiths '• Bakers i> ..'.".*.'.. Bricklayers " CarBuilders " Carpenters " Cabinet makers " !.'!!!!.'.' Farm labourers /skilled with 'board per month) Farm labourers (Ordinary do. "do.'do. Permale Servants, with board, do. . . fjabourers iwr day Masons MlUlwrights " Moulders «' Machinists " Painters •< P!,;i«t.0rors " Plumbers " Surveyors " Shoomakers " Shipwrights " Stonecutters " Tailors " Tinsmiths " Wlioolwrlghts " Tanners " Prom Stg. £ a. d. 3 3 4 2 3 5 10 6 5 2 3 2 10 3 8 8 4 » fi ,S 3 6 To Stg. £ s. d. 8 4 8 4 5 2 9 4 8 4 3 9 3 6 5 4 8 1 4 5 9 8 8 8 S 6 3 6 3 3 3 10 4 6 3 3 6 10 3 TUKUNTU— (Ontario.) in seeking ah pmspectofrioi are used, frugi matter how p< have the chai ultimately wi a prosperous s mollis aregoii and traflc are happy and c< THI Mr. ProA Agent in tb under date : "Nextsprin " railways anc " The St. Paul " ed BreekonrI "distance In " Morris; but " they will lea "from Fort A " miles. " Inonemoi " will have rei " Georgetown, " the summer " higtead of t^ As respects e tory will be vt the Dominion ( carry passenge rate not higl 12 years of age own provision.' do by the Unit at cost price at the North Wes The mode of dian route Is ti Fr .m Toronto ern Railroad By steamer fr Ham By waggon frc dowan Lake Broken naviga bandowanljj Lake of the ^ By cart or wagi of Lake of th Making a t Between Fo tents are provii on the portage;. Immigrants a that i)ackages ( lbs. weight for this amount of that baggage ar any one emlgn IMP BT THOMAS 00: The 8un ne and no peopl liberty than t immense ren for the supf Empire is eas coffers of the with capital, t is extending, dustry are i returns of ihe that one out ( and Walea is of increasing more than richer and every day. It ia clear t employment < keep ppce wit or this povert; clear that the' knowledge ol vast undeveloj the planets, 01 thereby assist statesmen are grapple with. STADA: INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS. ht tluit four tliTiRs been settled with- ilU of this ntfcnoy 't\ throuf!;h want of ips more parilcii- ami ff-malo. I am !)ull(1iiig.s Incourso ixiatlon of Imml- thata much larger may arrive next I agency, 18 ha« been very numl>eraofappIl- ast year by munl- helr frequent de- or years, have not for lalwr (Hkllled sars pa«t far great- spring, I was Hur- anufaotorles have nttM limits. ti groat oncourage- it towns and em- orost In the wel- oxertlon to pro- heir dlflerent mu- iire ge- irally." ' article*! of Food, rklng cla8.sen. in seeking a home In Canada; but there Is theeheerlne prf)si)eft()f riomelhiug Initter. provided Judicious means are UKed, frugiilily and tpmi>cranco praetiswl : forall.tio matter how poor they ra.vy sUirt In their twJopted lanrl have the chance o! bt-comliif,' landed proprietors and ultlmfitely wo4ilthy. This c(/untry was never In such aproHperoussUiteasltlsat present. Public Iraprovo- mont« are golngon In all directions, faclUtleu for travel and traflc are being consUntly multiplied, and all are happy and contented." rem. To 3rUng. Sterling. d. 8. d. & 00 !> 00 7, 00 A 10 4;. 5^ 10 1 6 » 4 13 « 2 ^ 8 2 ti 4 fi 2 2 ♦i 6 2 « 2 10 2 u 6 4 2 4 « 10 3i 8 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 12 2 I' 3 3 6 16 6 d to Mechanics, jlts of the Klng- 1871. Prom Stg. £ a. d. 3 « 3 4 2 3 5 10 6 5 2 3 2 la 3 8 8 4 « » 6 3 « 5 6 5 5 4 6 8 5 4 ) 5 ) 4 2 To Stg. £ H. d. 8 4 8 4 5 2 9 4 8 4 6 3 9 6 3 4 3 8 8 8 6 S 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 10 4 6 3 6 3 5 10 6 3 .) THE NORTH WEST ROUTE.S. Mr. Provencher. Dominion Im<^;gr»tion Agent in the North West, writes a, fellowB, under date 28th October, 1871 : 1 "Nextspring there will be an unlntorruptefl lino of ' ^*t"^"^?,*",^ steamboats from Montreal to Winnipeg. The St. Paul and Pacific Railway has already reiicfi- •d Bre«kenrldge, which dlmlnlshe-s by 75 miles the distance hi stages. At present *,he vehicles leave Morris ; but It Is quite probable thatdurlng the winter they wUl leave Breckenrldge, which is only 12 miles 1 ! .P *'°'"' Abercrombie, while Morris is distant 90 I " miles. l ,, " h^ ?"® raont'i the Norihera Pacific leaving Duluth ' wUl have reached the Red River, a few miles from " Oecean and Mediter- he atmosphere more ights. of the want of sum > ntbout reference to intries situ'ite)nd seas, eat depth, being cool months, check the Le rain fall. i semi-desert areas, rids, lie the zones of e summer tempera- late most favourable s. In Europe, the higher latitudes for pastures and mea- and acknowledged, limates are produc- »hout Canida, from iperior, these great higher portions of uce better, surer and in any of the States ces. Along the Val- e, Saskatchewan and than seven hundred i States' boundary, ^'ielding a far more best portions of the t ripens in such posi- lates lor the coarser crops. Barley, the ps, grow twelve hun- e boundary. These > summer rains and from 58 to70O of nce'of the facts here to which these plants ve of the immense he interior of the con- Kirrtllel iuily fine. A field pumpkin which I measured was four feet ten inches in circumftrence : a squash eight feet three inches, weighing 150 lbs. [We have seen them 350 lbs , open air growth. No better illustration could be given of a sum- mer semi tropical in heat and of great dura- tion, than the maturing of the pumpkin and squash of such great size.] "The potatoes were the finest I have ever seen. There were a great number of varieties ; citrons, melons, ra mows and tomatoes, were also exceptionably large and fine." '• It is difficult to speak of the return of grain commonly yielded to the farmer in this country. I have seen some fields, that yielded forty bushes to the acre ; [The Government pamphlet reports fifty bushels on new lands] others not far distant giving but fifteen." [No doubt, in a new country, where many turn farmers not before acquainted with it, the average yield gives a poor idea of the capa- bilities of the soil ] ''I remarked one morning a particularly poor looking crop of Indian corn ; on the Sunday, in the same county, I walked through a field of forty acres of this splendid plant, growing to a height of eighteen to twenty feet, and yielding thirty seven tons to the acre as food for cattle. I plucked an ear nearly ripe, eighteen inches long, and couBted six hundred grains on it " (p. 79), usually there are two ears, sometimes three on one stock or stem — not of course all eo large. "Upwards of a hundred varieties of apples were exhibited. For cooking there were the Cayuga, Red Streak, or twenty ounce Pippin, an imposing fruit, measuring sometimes over fifteen inches ; the Alexander, of glorious crim- son ; the red Astrachan or Snow apple?, so named from the whiteness of the pulp ; the Gravenstein, Baldwin, and many others. For dessert, there were the Fameuse, the streaked St. Lawrence, the Spitzenburg, the Seek^no- farther, of gold and red," (p. 76), "the Cana- dian apple is the standard of excellence," (p. 5 ) "Even ;n California, the orchard of the Union, the superiority of the Canadian apple was, to my surprise, confessed — vast quantities are exported to England, and sold as American, their nationality being lost," (p. 77.) "Fruit and vegetables grow generously. Melons and tomatoes grow equally with the potato, pea, turnip, and the rest of the vegetables, known in England. The grape thrives well. Rasp- berries, [strawberries, blackberries, or bram- bles,] cranberries, cherries, and other fioiits, cur- rants, plums, grapes, apples, &c., grow wild. Orchards everywhere thrive." These facts suggest some practical consider- ations worthy of the consideration of emi- grants. 1. The danger of so great a change in cli«< mate as that from the moist cool summers of Northern and Northwestern Europe, to the arid burning summers of those central regions of 2. Tiie almost entire change in the farming operations in climatej so ditierent. The farmer in going from Northern and Northwest Europe to those parts of the States named, must give up, as staples, his grains, grasses, herds and flocks. We should except Minnesota and Wis- cousin amongst the new States ; still they are quite inferior to either old Canada, the Mari- time Provinces, or Manitoba. 3. A country, like the Western Prairies, GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY OF CANADA. TARIFF OF RATES FOR TASSENOF.R.'*. TO TAKE EP^FKCT FROM IOtii JULY, 1871. All pvLVioua Hate* are hereby cancelled. CANAIJA. FROM QUEBEC. Name of Place. 2 Acton West Almonte Arnprior Barrle BELLEVILLE... Berlin BowmanvlUe Bradford Brttmpton Brantford Brighton BROCKVILLE... Carleton Place — Chatham Coatlcook COBOURG Colborne COLLINGWOOD Oompton Cornwall Dickenson's L'dng Uundas Gait (iunnnoque Oeorcet«v/n OODERICH Gnelph Hamburgh HAMILTON IngersoU Keen Komptville KING'STON Komoka liancaster Lefroy Lennoxvilio LONDON.. Matilda MONTREAL Mount Brydges.... Napanee Newmiirkot Niagara Falls Oakville Osgoode Oshawa. OTTAWA ... Paris Penh I'(>tprboro' PORT HOPE Prescott ^ . . . I'reston * . . . Princeton OUEBEC RICHMOND Richmond Hill... HARNIA Soult St. Marie... HhannonvUle .4HERBROOKE. . Smith's Falls St. Catherines STRATFORD . . . . Sugnenslnri Brliljrc Thnmesville ThornlilU TORONTO Trenton Wardsv'Ue Whitby Williamsburg ... Windsor Wocxlstock Halton Lanark Renfrew Simcoe Hastings Waterloo Durham Simcoe Peel Brant Northumb'rld. Leeds Lanark Kent Stanstead Durham Northumb'rld. Simcoe Compton Stormont Stormont Halton Brant Leeds. Halton Huron Waterloo Perth Wentworth... . Oxford Peterborough.. GrenviUe Frontenac Middlesex lengarry Simcoe Sherbrooke... . Middlesex Diindas Montreal Middlesex fjennox York Welland Halton Carleton Durham Carleton Brant f ifiiiark Peterboro' .... Durham Grenvllle Waterloo (Jxfoi-d 'Jut'bee Drummond... . York Larabton fjake Superior, Hat^tings Sherbr(X)ke . . . r.anark Lincoln Oxfonl Wolland.. iKent I York lYork.. 1 ^Tortllumb'rld. Kent Ontario Dundas Esspx Oxiord 8.: a FARES. I a 5.'}6 ;^M5 402 565 389 5W 458 .M4 624 &S1 411 294 340 680 143 4;*i 418 a)7 135 2;{7 245 516 572 321 &i2 635 5W 576 .>41 5!I7 452 304 342 626 223 5.58 12;i 622 268 169 631 368 .5;i6 5,84 521 312 3iti 668 ;«i 460 440 2S2 575 575 ' 'm 517 617 900 883 12'd for 48 hours after the ships arrival in Fort, except in cases where a vessel has a mail contract, or is proceeding further on her voyage. The master of the ship is bound to landemi- grftnts and their luggage free of all charge at a convenient landing place in the city, between sunrise and sunset. All smi<^rant runners- or nersons acting as Agonts for Railway or Steamboat Corapam&s, must be licensed by the Mayor of the city, and relations already settled in the country should go on at once ; farm laborers will get pl'^^ty of work to do in the farming districts. The Agent will not assist any one who loses his time by stiiying about the city, unless when detained by sickness or for somd other good reason. „ ,. . i . If mechanics should not at first find work o-t their trades, tl^ey had better take the first offer that is made to them, rather than be idle until occupation at their trade is found. REPOliTSFROM GOVERNMENT IMMIGRATION AGENTS WITHIN THE DOMINION. The following is an abstract of Reports fur- nisher by Government Immigration Agents, within the Dominion, beginning at the most Eastern Port. All the Repo.ts covcT the calendar year 1871. HALIFAX. Dr. Eiwin Clay, the Agent for NovaS.ot.a, .'tates : » ImminTant-s to this Province are provided with situations and emiJloyment liefore tliey ieave the Old Country', aiul then 1 have only to direct tliein where to m<, so that but fow applications for labour have been miulo to this Agency during the present year. "The L'l'eat want of this Province, is men, such as the tenant farmers of Great Brltahi and Ireland, who are sober and industrious, and having saved from one hundred to a thousand pounds would be prepared to purchase half cleared farms; many of wtiich wo to be prtK'urod in different parts of the Province. " IJutnoman need think tliat he can succeed here without hois perfectly temperate and willhig to work. Enelish, Scotch, and Irish, particularly the Scotch farmers' are doing very well In every part of the Pro- vince." RATES OF WAOES IN STERLING MONElf. Mill men from 38. 3d. ♦o 63. 2d ver day. SUHiemasons and Bricklayers 7s. 3d. to lOs. dd. p. day. Plasterers from 5s. 2d. to8s. 4d. per day. Blacksmiths £1.13.0 to £2.10.0 per week. Tailors from Itis. (id. to £2 . 10.0 per week Boot and Shoemakers work by the piece, and make frora£15s. to£2.i)-0perweek. „^,„„ Farm Laborers get from £16.10.0 to £29.ia0 per year and found. ,, , ^, Servant Girls from 128. to 208. per month in the country but in gentlemen's houses and large Hotels from £l'.5.0 to £1.13.0 per month. House Painters from £1.13.0 to £2.10.0 per week. House Carpenters from 6s. to lus 4d. per day. Ship Carpenters from 5s. 2d.'to IOb. 4d. per day. Gardeners and Nurserymen from £41 to £62 per year. The demand for labor in Nova ScoUa is quite uncer- tiiin hi the winter season, but in the spring, summer and autumn there is a good and increasing demand for every kind. . , , , , The great demand Is lor servant girls and farm labourers ; a large number of whom oould And employ- ment. PBICKS 0» FOOD. The prices of food may be quoted as fellows :— Flour, £1.5.0 to £1.7.0 sterling per barrel. Cornmeal, 16s. 6d. to 18s. 6d. do., do. Oatmeal, £1.9 do., do. Codfish, 16s. 6d. to Ids. 6d. per 100 lbs. Beef, 2id. to7id. per lb. Mutton, 2id. to3id. Pork, 4d. to6d. do. Herrings, 12.s. 6d. to £1.5.0 per barrel. Potatoes in country. Is. to Is. 2d. per bushel. Other vegetables in proportion. CLOTIIINQ. Flannels from Is. 3d. to 2sstg. per yard. Cottons from 5d. to Is. per yard. . , , Goodiiome-mide tweeds and otLer cloths from 23. 3d to 5s. per yd. ; lit for summer or winter clothes. Good strong iKWts and slif'^s for meu and women from 63. 21. to £1.0.0 per pair. ., , ,.u. t^ Clothing on the whole may be considered wlthmthe reach of tiio ijoorest. _ „ „ , -^ , " In fact, all the comforts of life, all tlio benefits of education and religion, with all the prlvlleMS that can b3 conferred upon a law-abiding people, by political and religion-^ liberty, can bo found and enjoyed in the Province of Nova Scotia." ST. JOHN N. B. Mr. Robert Shives, Dominion Agent for New Brunswick at St. John, states : " The number of applications for laborers, to go to the country, would amount to 400; and in the oiUesand GildiTS. (iardi'iier.'A Millwrights.... Millers.- MaeliinlBtS..... Moulders Painters, liouse Painters— carrl Plats terera JPluinbcrs -%/lt*riaaker8. .. Sawyers Shipwrights... Stonecutters. . . Saddlers Tanners TaUors Tinsmiths Wheelwrights Whitesmiths.. FBMAI Cooks DalrymP.tds I:)re8smaker8 a Household Sen Lauudry Maids PRIC Bacon-^Tier lb.. Breiul, white, 7 browu Butter Boef, 4W.; Mu .Sid.; Veal ... Pork Candles Cheese ColTee Is Eggs, dozen — Oatmeal, 100 H Cormneal, " I'otatotis, per bi Rice, per lb . . . Ready-made T' Do P Do V Blanket!, ijer p; Rugs, each, 2s. { Flannel, peryai Cottbn Shirting Sheeting, per yi Homespun Clot Shoes— Men's, 5 ShoeB— Women Boots— Men's, 1 Boots— Women Indlarubber Ov Cloth Caps, Is. Mr. J. G; G Brunswick, a< " During the i tions of the Inti and adjoining i Bridges, over th caused a very g which has not > Its being, suppl to this agency oi 10, 15, 16, 20, 21, through the Coi Kent and West: agency, for say tlnd Immediate and Winter— aj and othern, at stg. per day. "Stone Masa and could earn i Farm scrvan employment a boiird in the i '• famine" ragt other part of t " Labourers a ermon and in f i required. '•Farmhands per annum, bu The more usua lodging where £:i5. stag, iwr i months hlghei there Is abund employment w tiuMS, aa these " Labourers ( work tlioy are ountry should ill get pl-nty listncta. The who loses his unless when w other good it find work atl 8 the first offer n be idle until i. niNMENT WITHIN THE >f Reports fur- ration Agents, r at tie moat , ts covt-r the r NovaS.ot.a, e provided with >ey leave the Old ct them where to abourbave been seut year. 1m men, such as ind Ireland, who saved from one I be prepared to of wliich ai'o to rovince. Min succeed here willing to work. larly the Scotch part of the Pro- [Q MONEY. lay. to 108.3d. p. day. lay. eek. 3€k Mec«, and make £29.12.0 per year ir month in the ind large Hotels .Oper week. 1. per day. d. per day. 1 to £82 per year, kis quite uncer- sprlnf', summer bslug demand for girls and farm luld And employ- Ibllows :— irrel. fiililiTS OardcnorH Millwrlglits MIllnrH.- Mar'hinlBts..... MoLilderij. Piilnters, hoiiKfi Painters— carriage Plats tt-rers JPUtinbcrs -^/mtriftakera HawyerH Shlpwrlghta Stonecutters Saddlers Tanners TaUors Tinsmiths Wheelwrights Whitesmiths bushel. ■ard. r cloths from 23. inter clothes, and women from idered within the 1 the benefits of ivlleges that can Dple, by political d enjoyed In the Agent for New iborers, to go to dinthooiUesaud FBUALBS. Cooks DairymP.lds Dressmakers and Milliners. Household Servants Laundry Maids 8 5 10 « 8 8 « 8 6 2 7 3 6 2 8 4 5 2 3 3 Mostly by p. work Mostly by p. work £1 12 to £2 10 £1 to £1 8 £1 to £1 12 £1 to £1 4 PRICES OF FOOD— KY Sterllng. s. d: Bacon-^Tier lb 5 Breiul, white, 7 els. ; brown 3J Butter 10 Bocf, 4W.; Mutton, .Sid.; Veal 3 Pork. 4i Candles 8 Cheese 8 Coffee Is. 3d 1 4 Eggs, dozen 10 Oatmeal, 100 Ib^...- 1*5 « Cornmcal, " — 12 6 Potatotis, per bush.. 1 8 Rice, per lb 8 Retaii>. Sterihjg. £ s. (1. 8 2 6 Flour, perbrl...... 1 Fioiu-— Rye 1 Fish, dry cod—per cwt 018 B F'ire wood, per c'd. 10 Ham, per lb DOC Sliouldors Herrings, per bri . . 14 6 Mustard, per lb .. 13 Milk, per quart. . . 8 Soap 4 Sugar 6i Tea 2 Tobacco 18 CLOTHING. Ready-made Tweed Coats, 14s. 6d. to £2. Do Pants, 10s. 4d. to£l. Do Vests, «s. 2d. tol2s. 6d. Blanket!, per pair, 3s. Id. to 3s. 2id. Rugs, each, 2s. 5Jd. to 3s. Id. Flannel, i)eryard. Is. S^d. to Is. 7Jd. Cotton Shirting, jier yard, 6id, to 7id. Sheeting, per yard. Is. 4^1. to Is. C^d. Homespun Cloth, 2s. to 4s. 2d. Shoes— Men's, 5s. lOd. to 78, 3d. Shoes- Women's, 3a. 8d. to 58. 2d. Boots— Men'a» 10s. 4d . to 14s, 6d . Boots— Women's, 5s. 2d. to 7s. 3d, Indlarubber Overshoes, 3s. to 4a. 2d. Cloth Caps, Is. 3d. to ^. 2d. MIRAMICai,N.B. Mr. J. G; G. Layton, Dominion Agent for New Brunswick, at the post of Mirainichi, state*: " During the present summer the building of the sec- tions of the Intercolonial Railway, passing through this and adjoining Counties, and the Immense Railway Bridges, over the two branches of the Mlramichl, have cau.sed a very great Increase in the demand for labour, which has not yet, nor, is there any present prospect of its being, supplied. Special application has been made to this agency on bshalf of the contractors ofSectiona Nos 10, 15, 16, 'iO, 21, and 22, covering a distance of 110 miles through the Counties of Gloucester, Northumberland, Kent and Westmoreland, all within the limits of this agency, for say 1500 ordinary labourers, and who would Ind immediatoand continuous employment— Summer and Winter— as l am assured by Railway contractors and other**, at wages ranging from is. 2d., to 63. 3d., stg. perday. , . , , "Stone Masons and quarryraen are also much needed and could earn from 83. 4d., to 124 6d stg. per day. Farm servants, men and boys, would also And ready emplovmnnt at remunerative wages with or without boiird 'ill the farmer's family, while the servant girl '• famine" rages here with tury equal to that of any other part of the Dominion. " Labourers accustomed to load ships, Millmen, Fish- ermen and in fact nearly every kind of labour is much required, '•Farm hands without l.ioard, earn from £50 to£((0 stg. per annum, but thin mode of hiring does not prevail. The more usual methcxl being to hire with board and lodging where the rate of wages, ranges from £:». to £:i5. steg. i>or aunum. If only hired for the Summer months higher rates arc paid and during th ) winter there Is abundance of employment in tlie woods, an emuioyment which appears to liavo peculiar lascina- [luurs, ^3 lOOsc Trii0......tri-,r.-^ i-.l.... ~.. -^ ...._.-. " Laboiu-tH-3 on Ship board, ai-e palil according to the work thoy are able to do, and the amount of shipping repairs of D)lluig stock on llie various Railways now under coustructloh. , „ , , , i ".Joiners, Briclilayors, and Brick makers, shoo- makers, and Tailors, were ri'er month. * ii,i„ „„„„«w " 5th The class of immlgrante required at this agency is, domestic servantii, male and (more especially female, good common labourers, and mechanics and Industrious labouring men; clerks and professional men are not required; form hands, male or femaU will And immediate engagements at remunerative, wages, and soon place themselves In posiUons of credU and respectability." _ ■,_i.«- Bread, best white, 7jd, for* lbs ; Brown, »d. loi- IllMr. Beef, &i. ; Motton, M, ; Veal, 5d. ; Pork 6d. Beer, (per quart) od. Cheese, 6d, Coflfee, lOd, to Is, Eggs, Is. to Is, 8d. In winter. Flour, (per barre!) Ist quaUty, £1,8 to £1.10. Milk, (per quart) 4d. Potatoes, (per bushel) 28. Rice, (perlb.)2id. Sugar, brown, 4dto6d. Tea, 18. 8d. to 3s. Tobacco, Is. to 2s. 6d. CLOTUINO, *c. Co ats, 163. to £3. Trowsers, do 6s,to£l. ^ Vests, do 3s. to 10s. 4d. ' Shirts, Flannel, 5s, 2d, to 9,s, 3d, Do Cotton, 5s. 2d. to 12s. Bd, irats, Felt, 3s. Socks, Worsted, Is, to 3s, Do Cotton, 6d. to .3s. Blankets, 12s. «d, to £1.5. Rugs, 4s, 2J, to 8s. 4d. Flannel, Is. to Is, 8d, Canadian Cloth, 4s. 2d. to 78. Shoos, Men's, 6s. 3d. to 8s. 4d, ; Women's, . Boots, do. Is. 2d, to 12s, Od. ; Women's, 49. to lis. Od. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGENTS. The Agents of the local Government of the Province of Quebec state that applications for the following number and class of person* were received by them during tiie year 1871: Butchers 'i^ Bookbln(l(-rs 17 Workers in brass — 125 Blacksmiths 52 Carpenters 260 Cabinet Makers 64 Engineers 41 Female servants. . . .2^688 Grooms 65 Gardeners.. • 142 Tanners 1* Tinsmiths 88 Wheelwrlghtfl « Male Servant* 108 Bricklayers 218 Workers in Iron 120 Coppersmiths 184 Kovs and Girls, from j2 to 18 years or ago (M Working Je waiJl»ra ... 16 r r h-.w HiacKsmUliH n 25 4H 20 16 a 6 44 105 114 1 « 17 BhocmiikorB 1)') Masoiia 153 Brldclaycrs i:u Tailors ', 39 Tannora and Curriers u Waggon Makers, Wheel wrighUi Coopers Brlckmakers 86 2 43 1 36 Cabinet Makers jj Walter Boys 43 ItlUers 6 .,«, 3,510 4,813 riie demand for 1alx)ur skilled and unAklIIe dty and surrounding •ountry. " Agricultural labourers have beop In great request throughout the whole OtUwu Valley, and I am sorry 1 have U) say that I was not In a position to furnish more than a partial supply to fill the many orders which I rocelvi'd from the farming: community. The Ottawa Country is yearly Increasing In Its proiwrtlons and it requires a steady annual Importation of new material to meet the requirements of Agricultural labor. ''The Inducements in the future to Immlgranta of the ogrlcultural class, offered in the Ottawa Country, are manifold and there can be nodifHculty In dIsiKwingof a largo number. Their services are neeiled and they can oonddentiy rely upon procuring employment on reach- ing Ottawa. The oiienlngs In every direction are such, that there need bo no hesitation In those skilled in Agricultural pursuits making this neighborhood their home. All up the Ottawa Valley, labor was never so dear, as at times, during last harvest. In many plivccs it •ould not be had at any price. "Dor "otic servants are most difficult to bo had, many otouri >■ o- mlnlon of Canada, while one of the most abundant harvests that has ever rewarded the Industry of Cana- dian farmers has Just boon gathered In. " List of prices of the ordinary arUclee of food re- quired by working men ; sterling. „ £. s d Bread 4 lb loaf, . . . . _ g Butter per lb, salt, - . - - 10 Beef per hhd 100 lbs - - - 1 8 Ohoe.so per lb * Colli ,> per lb Mutton per lb - - - Pork iier 100 lbs - - . Potatoes per bushel of 60 lbs Sugar, brown, per lb Tea per lb - - - - v ^ \i "lleturnof the avorage wago.s paid laborers, mj ehanifts, &c. : Blacksmiths - - per '.f.xy Bakers .... do Brie U makers - - do Brickliiyer.s masons, &c - dO Carpenters - . do Cabinetmakers - - do Farm' labDixMs with biKinl, per month Common laborers PaliiU'rs Plasterers Stonecutters Wlieelwrights Rervant niuids Primers Millwrights IH'i' day du do do do per month - por dicni do 5 li 11 7 7 i;i 4 8 5 G 7 7 11 fl B|-')emakcr3 ) work by the Job, earn Ttt.ior:j i about - - per day 7 3' Car Builders " Carpenters " Cabinetmakers " Farm labourers /skilled with board per month) Farm labourers (Ordinary do. do. do. Ferm»le8ei"vnnts, with board, do. . . Labourers por day Masons " Mllllwrlghts " Moulders " MaohlnlatH '• Palnt«rs •' Plasterers " Plumbers " Surveyors " Mho(>makera " Shlpwrlgtits " Htr)necuttcr8 " Tailors " Tinsmiths " Wheelwrights" Tanners " 5 10 5 5 2 3 2 16 3 8 8 4 8 a 8 6 3 6 2 6 6 5 2 6 2 4 2 5 2 8 4 6 2 4 2 5 4 2 8 4 6 3 6 3 4 4 4 4 It 4 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 10 i 6 3 6 3 5 10 6 3 KINGSTON (ONTARIO). Mr, R. Macpherson, the Dominion Agent at Kiugaton, stiites ;— "In regaixl to the number of Immigrants applied for TURONTU— (Ontaeio.) Mr. John A. Donaldson, the Dominion Agent at Toronto, states : " 1st. The number of Imralgrani^ arrived at this Agency during the soiwon Is ll,l85, who were distri- buted throughout (Ontario generally, via the various linesof railway, steamboats and private ctmvoyances. A largo number wore called for by farmers at the depot on their arrlviil. " 2n(l. The applii-atlons from the various munlclpn- litlesaro not aa numerous as heretofore In consequence of the largo number of unskilled laborers that were sent from the oast end of Ijondon last your and the year before. However the number applied for ftwt up ; farm laborers 3, '2*1, niochanles 1,177, and domestic ser- vants 1,570. A muoii larger number of mechanics tlian would meet this small demand were absorbed in the various towns and cities from which but few applica- tions were made niuntcl{xi,lly. The numbi r of appli- cations on our Registry Book and by letter will amount to 2,500. In addition to this a large number were taken away from the depot immeitor. Tlio intending em igr.ant has not only to look at tlioltlgher rate of remuneration to be paid for his lalMJi-, but he has before hlni the praspeet ()f becoming In a finv years an ownerof the soil, were tlu'i'e liulliUig ij'il the eel'UiUlty ol'obLtuiiUife higher rates of wages that woull hardly be sulflclent to warrant one IS exientiing, (lustry are i returns of the that one out i and Wales is of inoreasing more than richer , and •very day. It is clear employment < keep ppce wil or this poyert clear that the knowledge o vast undeveli the planets, o thereby assist Etatesmen ar grapple with. Ilowvery fi British posses 390,000 square of the United of it is sterile but 60 is a g After makii good land avs America witfc sustain more This immena miles compiis Prince Edwun Canada, whic Canada, now i and Quelec. and >Jova Sco ba, and the gt Columbia ano tending from ' a distance of '< The climatt the summer western Euro] able to the gr population, w four millions, shelter of the North Ameri lightly taxed land which th just and equal istered . The progrei have made in tonishing, wh vast forests t( mence with b The soil not 1 brush now ati worth agricul 000 worth of immense fore of coal, iron, veloped for v This Domir the north of 1 of the mightj canal system, wonderful fac which alreadj year, while h sels, and 11,' fourth larges which eraplo] 75.000 men a Atlintic bord 5 10 6 6 2 3 2 1« H 8 8 4 8 8 a 8 « 3 6 2 U U 6 6 2 e 2 4 2 6 2 8 4 6 2 4 2 5 4 2 8 4 U 3 9 3 4 8 1 U 6 3 6 3 6 3 10 4 6 3 6 3 5 10 6 3 5.) •minion Agent arrived at this \rho were distrl- vla the various to ct)nvoyance». I'urmers at the clous munlflpn- ( In consequence lorcrs that were at your and the plied for ftK)t uji; 1(1 domestic ser- mochanlcg than absorbed In the ut few appUca- umbcr of appli- !ttcr will amount mbor were talton their arrival by ifiCOS. s lines of railway , applications for ,nds required for Ontario. 1« to supply. « In aadiUm to n la very great, I. Any number I youtlis from 14 rom £2 8s Od to rtes on the rall- ies $11 per day be had 8s 4d stg. .Os 4d per diem akomuch more enerally occupy, month accord- and the jmrt of for all kinds of jars and at this imber that have 3 of a single indi- the close of the K);) hands on the next .'.8 months e, beef, mutton ivith fair wages, making Canada in so prosperous 10. Lgent at Ha- nosent season Is ut's recollection Agricultural la- (stltiUion of nib- ble to secure ilio i of the agricul- ,e, forcertjiln it chances of suc- jmigrant has not nuneration to be ilni tlie prospect f tlVe soil. Were iiJaJig higher rates It to warrant one iF^xtentiing, ana traue anu manutaciunng i clustry are increasing eTery year. Yet the returns of the Poor Law CommisBioners tell an that one out of every twenty-three in £nglaneminently in the zones of the wheat and grasses, — in the natural homes of the ox, ihe sheep and horse. North- ern races deteriorate in hot climates. Hiiult Ht. Mario... Slmnnonvlllo HIIKRFUIOOKK.. Hmlth'H Falls St. CfttherinoB HTUATFOHU . . . . Stisponslon IMdg* Th«ni('svlllo ThnrnhlU TORONTO Trenton \Vanl8vllle Whitby WtlUnmsbnrg . . . WlndHor Woodstock f.uke HiiiH-rlor, llaftliiKH siiprhnxjke . . . liimark Ijlnooln Oxfonl Welland fvont York York Northumb'rld, Kent Ontario Dundas F>M>X Oxford lai 8 lit .■)«•) .■>■« m 51'ii .•vol 4(M) 65;j 47M •M) 7;« 587 » 17 2 7 Oil 2 1 14 17 6 10 12 I 8 » a 14 12 6 14 26 5 f> lU 2 1 2 6 2 1 8 4 6 13 « H U 15 1 7 1 7 10 I 7 1 l.{ 1 2 6 I U (I 18 1 12 tt I 10 7 1 13 1 8 SHORTEST SEA PASSAGE TO CAN ADA! TBB M«JS"rUKJM4 OVBJMJS" aTK^MaUilP CO, Full powered, Clyde built, Royal Mull Steamers, SAIL AS FOLLOWS : LIVERPOOL TO QUEBEC AND MONTR? \L Every Tuesday and Thursday, calling at I/Ondox- DKRKY (Ireland), the foUowlfjg day. ^pSf" These are the most eligible Routos for Canada, combining the advantages of the shortest sea passage with speedy Inland conveyance. LIVERPOOL TO HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA, every alternate TuEr«DAY, railing at CiUBKNSTowN on Wednesday to embark Passengers and Mails. ^pS" This Is the direct Mall Route for Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island. GLASaOW TO QUEBEC AND MONTREAI^ EVERY Tuesday. QUEBEC TO BRITISH COLUMBIA. Fare from Quebee, via Pacific Railway, to Victoria, Vancouver Islaud, iBt clasu £81 lis. Od. stg. ; 2nd class £14 IB. 6d. stg. CANADIAN NAVIGATION COMPANY. Bates of FAEES for IMlCaHANTS Isy Steamboat FROM QUEBEC. SEA.SOIsr° OIF 1872. rmed stranger, itered Canada and one without ^Tour, meanmg, as we in- ssessed unfavourably to< ing come into it through most Englishmen, re- sions of Canada bcth be- L and afterwatds, from i an agricultural show ily the country around f this he says : produce surprised me. and other cereals were iiiiC shows cxceliiiiit saai- vegetables were surpvis- To Beauhamois Canal. . " Cornwall •' Preacott " BrockviUe " Gananoque " Kingston " Cobourg " Port Hope , '• BowmanvlUe " Toronto " Hamilton Dollars. 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 Cents. 50 75 25 25 50 50 50 50 75' 00 00 sterling, s.d. 6.3 7.3 0.4 0.4 1C.4 10.4 14.6 14.« 15.7 16.8 16.3 FREIGHT AT THE VERY LOWEST TERMS. CABIN PASSAGE— INCLUDING EVERY LUXURY. GLASGOW TO QUEBEC, 13 Guineas. Steerage Passage— including a plentiful supply of excellent Provisions cooked and served up by the Com- pany's Stewards, to QUEBEC, HALIFAX, or ST. JOHN'S, Six Guineas (£6 8s.), MONTREAL £« lOs. Intermediate Passage— Limited number taken. Dining apart frorai Steerage. Beds, bedding and all neccssixry utonsUs provided. £3 3s. extra. Return Tickets at Reduced Rates. Every Steamer carries Surgeon and Stewardess. No Steward's Fees. Baggage Uvken from the Steamer to the Railway Cars free of expense. Drafts issued without cliarge. Goods and Passengers are Ijooked by quickest route and tlie very lowest THROUGH RATES to— Toronto, Hamilton, Ottawa, London, St, Catharine's, Kingston, Goderlch, Colllngwood.St. John's, Charlotte- town, Sarnla, St. Andrews. St. Stephen, and to all Stations in Canada by the Grand Trunk llailway and in its connections ; and also by the Pacific Railroad and Mail Steamers, to the principal places in Vancouver Island or British Columbia. RATtS for HALIFAX VIA ftUEENSTOWN. Chief Cabin £18 IS SecondCabin 15 15 INTERMEDIATE TO HALIFAX OR ST. JOHN, N.B. Adults over eight years £9 9 Children from one to eight years 4 14 Infants imder One Year 1 I STEERAGE TO HALIFAX OR ST. JOHN, N. B. Adultsover eight years £6 6 Children from one to eight years 3 3 Infants under one year 1 1 Pas-sengersfor St. John, N. B., are forwarded thus : Liverpool to Halifax, Halifax to Aimapoiia by Rail, Annapoll;; to St. John by steamer. Apply in Montreal and Portland, to Hugh and AS'- DREW Allan ; in Quebec, to Allans, Rae, & Co. ; In Glasgow to James and Alexander Allan, 70, Great Clyde Street. ALLAN BROTHERS k CO., Alexandra Buildings, James St., Liverpool, and 85 Foyle St., Londonderry' c N.B.— The Fare from MONTREAL is one dollar or 4s.2d st'irllng, less than from Quebec. ■TT PEASE, CJJVJiDI^Jk' TEJnrjRB^JyCB HOUSE^ FOR EMIGRANTS, No. 17 UN ION Street, Within three minutes walk of tlie Steamship Offices, and place of embarkation, Liverpool. Hit. PkaSE affo.vis every information i't;:i{n.'cliiig tliu embarkation of inus^engors, and sailing of the Canadian Mi; 11 Steamers. TEMPERLEY'S LINE OP CANADA.' THE FINE POWERFUL STEAMSHIPS OF THIS Line will leave Ijondon throughout the season every alternate THURSDAY, calling at Plymouth, to embark pa-sseugers. Pa.ssengers are landed at Ciuebec and can book in London or Plymouth t)y the Grand Trunk Railway line, to all Important places In Canada. Cabin fiu-e, according to accommodation. The Steer- age fare is six guineas for eacli adult. Tempcrley's, Carter A Darke, 3 White Lion Court, Cornnill, are the Brokers in London, Messrs. Wilcocks & Weekes, are tho A£reiit-s ii> Pl.ymoiitlu Messrs. lt'>-s-s