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J ADDRESSED TO SEVERAL PHILANTHROPIC STATESMl^, AND CLERaYMEN ;] CIVILIZED AND CHRISTIAN GOVERNMENT, IN CONTRADISTINCTION TO tyNCIVILlZED AND ANTLCHRISTIAN INSTITUTIONS: TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED AUr APPSBTOXS^ 900^6 BY JOHN CASEY. 4«NT rOB PROMOTING THE KSTABuTJmEKT OF P,A« SOC«Tlip^> »#^^ ;;My kingdom is not Of this world."~JEscs. All the kingdoms of this world shall becomp ♦!»» ir:„ j •f our Lord and of his Christ. "-Rev Kingdoms BUFFALO :-PRINTED BY LAZELL & FRANCIS. 1836. If •^ ■ i » [BTThis Book, (agreeably to the Author's pr©|i#sal8,/ is "hot t9 be sold, hat gratuitously circulated by the Publisher and his gtn§jr- 0U8 Subscribers^ as a free-will offering among all people. | \ I %t I J "hot t9 8 gcn^f. ADVERTISEMENT. ASsomeof the popular supporters of war, have endeavored t« prejudice the minds of several of the Subscribers to this work, and theioby lead them to a violation of an honest covenant agreement anrJtair voluntary contract with the publisher, by slyly insinuatinc (ainong other unworthy jealousies,) that the Author's object waa but a mere money-making speculation; and that they would find him to be a character not so disinterestedly benevolent as to take so much pains in writing, and spend so much time and money in trav- ellmg, procuring subscribers, and publishing his works, without set- ting well paid for his labour, fee— He deems it an imperative duty injustice to himself— to his generous subscribers, and to the Socie'- ty Which has honored him with a Letter of commendation and Li- cense, as their Agent, as well as for the honor of God, and hit fteaven commended cause of peace-making, and the information ol the public at large, to wipe oflf those foul slanders from his char- acter, by solemnly decUring, that the invidious charge of money- making speculation, (secretly insinuated against him by certain hire- ling priests and sanguinary professors, whose names he need not here raentionj) is utterly false and unfoand.-d. And furthermore, to solemnly declare, his witness being in Heaven, and his record on high, that he never has received nor ever expects to receive hera. alter so much as a cent ot the subscriptions as a remuneration, ei- ther for his time or abour, in writing, preaching, procuring subscri- bers, or publishing the work. No-noryet so much as a cint of the subscriptions has he ever received, or does he ever calculate to re- ceive at any future period,towards defraying the expenses of board h6rse-keepmg, fee, unavoidably incurred while writing, soliciting jubscrib.rs, and publishing this work ; but, on the co^ntranf "^^ freely bestowed his public services, both in this work and in other active exertions for promoting the virtue and happiness of man- kind-m proc laun.ng the glad tidings of peace and salvaUon and in circulating Peace Tracts in Canada and the United States' during the greater part of the last three years, without any rem': neration or temporal reward, either by contribution, subscription or salary, Irom any congregation or society of men on earth. Lai da^ bly supporting Inmself after the worthy example of St. Paul and the self-denying example of the seven pacific Churches of EuVone and America, by the assiduous labour of his own hands in his art and occupation. And so careful has he been during the above ne- rod to avoid every thing which might have the appearance of s?^ ^'IZr^^^'Jl^^ormjyspecuMionin gospel matters, that he has often denied himself in things Zato/ui, lest they might pr^iftL».! dient, m promoting the glorious, but much controverte^are^of permanent and universal peace, yet in its infancy ; and "t^Sff-* as the Apostle Paul expresses it, ''all occasion trom those oppolL ^X^&tl^!;l'•l"„.^^^^^^^^^^^ So much so,thatwefeTe'to ^v,^l„e"u7 "•'■• "^5""«"uuuh asne lornierly enjoyed, he wonlH ^nnfl""? continue to labor successively with his hands ^hree months of the year, to enable him to devote the remain n^ninl?« wmingandtravelling for the public good ' But asTod y SiHt? tod decline of health have rendered him inadequate to the tisk S if. ADVERTISEMENT. conslaDt and successive labor in the various branches of 1, js pressof-' Wi h h.s other contemplated works of. the restricted grounds oi t is -no book of which can ever be sold with his consent ev"nt, make up tue defic.encies of delinquent subscribers, agreeably^o lis own proposals and promise to the subscribers-which promise he is7e /an'evertt?'-':! ^*^''"P"'«"« exactne^s^ Tat no man estv ;n hT . '^''"'^'>' to ♦^'^^"se him, with want of Candor orhon- e^iy n hsprotcsHons, or violation of truth in his eneaeeme.. N 1 But should any of the subscribers, through the s y 7mSfnll'7f designing men, be disposed to question the Author's ^rSe la tive o h.s promising that no books of the first «X4 of this' wo ^^^^ proposas,) he gratuitovsly circulated amo?itr all veovU"—ih(^v ?o "ndTn^thMhr'' ''"" PiiniHrs of the work, whL nai^Itfare to bj finrlfum* K ^'1^"^^°* ^^?^ '^°o''5 «"d' it- upon enquiry, they IraceU^^^^^^^ '"^"''^t tKe odiuS. ?,.d dS gracejustlv attached to all deceivers, fall upon him But if nnnn S^ndlSZ'.'-''"''VT"''^'^^* "-^^^'^^ j"«t'- trom^eitr^ unpnncipled defamers ol innocent men, tall Mbere it is justly wiT/nprSf"^®" ""f^ ^P^'^* *' ^°°" ^« health and opportunity Will permit, a 8«r.on.] vol-n-oj r.H.„ „,;,,, «„ Xn,^^L oi n.i most important and interesting documents. Also,'a third wo7k of \hl\^i l^ Prjnc.pleg of permanent ^nd universal peacei-Xrein the mostpopular arguments of war-makers and thei? advocates wiU ll' *«""'^ /«'thfully stated.and fully answered and refuted- o un'len. '^'" ^T^Jf'r^^ *" Appendix, containing a skeJch of t*e umtorm and decided Testimony ot the true ChSrch of Christ « gainst all retaliation of injuries and carnal warfaSom the memo" rable day of Pentecost to the present period. ' ""''" 1 he above works, the Publisher will endeavor to forward to th^ subscribers, through the medium of their respective Agents as soon ait-er publication as found practicable. ^ ' The Subscribers' and the Public's most faithful and ^devoted Ser- "^' JOHJN CASEY. I re I a- PREFACE. Candid Reader, ,v tn r?l °'Ti" f 1''* following work, is to render glo- ry to God .1. lie highest, and promote peace, permanent andnmversal p.ace on earth, and nneigned love and good will among all classes of men. 'IMiis (under the benignant smiles of the God of Peace, and the Wenl^ benedictions pronounced b, the gloriois Prince f Pea ^ upon allpea«-ma/««, upon whom hobestonred his richest legacy of peace, and to whom he has given the mos h„^ orable an.l endearing appellation of " huldnn TSod") ln«^ f""" ''.""'''^ ""'"•M"'' <" conjunction iith hii Euolfe «:","?"" .«''»''.i"«"-'. "•« Peace Socrres of i-urope and America, and all the individual peace- netleLe oTr^ "' *'" ^'""'f' "'" '"'^'^ -'a./tsTf be- i^evoIencB, of every name and nation under heaven— bv •'spreading the saving knowledge of the Lord over the th-e and !f «"».« ''"-I'.'""'''""!"? aload to all the vlnd^! tive and avaricious kingdoms of men, the reiiovatinff S".he''l ^"'^"^'^^-^''y of P".o a,;d undefild ci! gion— the holy and peaceful religion of the ndorabV iTZh'^x'^ r'"^'"'"' C''™«™rt^ as taught r-u t'rbe"ufv"a:::i''r'"" """"•"' -^r^''^'' '« -'^ «-" «-• tive beauty and lovely attracting form— as a pure and godhke system of heavenly benevolence, peace and good w, l_a„d its infallible and Omnipo.;„rF„u„der as the glorious and all-redeeming Prince of Peace-the Supreme Kuler over all wo,lds-il,e Judge of all men-! the vicarious and propitiatory sacrifice for the sins of the DeL'.'LrL'!;'*''! ^T'"^ ^f"?'"^ painfully sensible from Sf the d.ff t^',"!"" "''^"™'io». ">" the majority ot the different religious communities in Eurone and tZ'tZ P>\ ™?"'" P^^'f "y acuainted wi?h to olyecls of Peace Societies, and the rational and scriptur- htion o^r'"''^^'' *■"■■ "'"'' »»«"""««, (viz. .1 : cf c„ f«I GospeU) ha;e-aV;« "obra.'^'IJ'Zt 'irtf,:' k'l'^rdt oommTnded '"""'"'7' "' «i""^ '--en-born and hliven- oommended ]»;„c,^ks of permanent and universal i* G PREFACE. Some will probably -inquire why il,e Author hn« „t empted ,o discuss in the firs, of his proposed oblica m'i^r-vflir;" 'rj]: so weighty, IJ s,. defi "j lal ti™ " ru„;: ee emlTtl^rT"'"^"'' """ "' ""' PvPii n T..o«.^ ""preceaenleu timt he cannot produce If U^ I ^'""? '^^ f*^" ^^ ''^"^^ celebrated author out of he Jon^ catalogue of distinguished writers whosi learning, talents, and information had rendered Ihp- ^ adequate to the magnitude of the sublet Toluchh^ are perishing for lack of knowledae— thnVhyi, sfi^n 1 wniL ;.p ♦u I • 1 '^""witfoae — tftat hc has never such a publicati'ou a" the '"pr s „t "to Sir iM "7 "' worTd iw';r„ wt,'j^ri'!"'Uovern,^e„ts of .hi. 111. . "•"i,v.v/ino aim ji-ovei world lying in wickedness, as wpII «« .. Uover„,„e„t, and Laws of the Prin^e'V p;;V;-t"|; s highly proper, ha. all men should have an opportunity PREFACE. y to first examine ihcm imnnrt:-!!., • > their mor.il excellence ,„jr^' '" ""^^'' *" 3"'>S'> of The Wr ter 7hn,?.?l! "'"" '" ''"'''''•- "-"Kartl. titles luZlr'yfZfLTT'':'^ """" "^ '»'« l"".orary worthy coeSrsT,? Iff!, r'' «"'"« ''<"»t'«ls "f his de^ervedl/Cred 'ffchril,''.*'"'';;'','''" L''* ''""'"'■ «"> hiivfully receive such hi .- "" (''"'""""•"pists mar ■n-l'ortan, aid ,o the h" rious a^rf hi'"" ''''"■''""S »«"='• cause of peace-makin,? li ■ u ^ .'■««ven-con»n«n.led members of Pe»p!s^' '""'' ''* '"J"'**' '« «"<" many emine^u/p™?^";'''''''' ""'! I"«^ifi« De„ominatio,"s' ent part, of Ue*^H 1 ^T"""'' "P^^'ions in difter: partiallyreU di^" J^Zr'/''i:'*"""'"''S "»« the im- order o? his alltile nf i^ „"/ ,SV''" 'r'*" '" "" milted unto them /?eeanH /l^ ,„i . ■ *^ """'•"ice. om- to him one lalen.to h^ *'!'"' '"'"" «'«« ^''trusted honor andglov of The hr^fi"'""'.'"'' '•"P^°»«'' '« 'he ness, and the hip nisi .^fhfn' ^"'"' ''''"'^" '>appi- ' Lord and PrZfetoTo? „1 , '"."''•."''''j »"'" '•■* s""' shall eome to „?ui^^e and I''"' ^*' ""J, '"""^■"'^ ?'"» •lone with thy Lord^» 1 % u*" ^'^''at hast thou And that He »-ho d«.N '^- ."'^ l'Of'i'» talents ?"_ "The gold a^dt si : r'nirne'sa-rh"""."'. "' "•""• cattle upon ten tlm.mnd hu » ' i'"*, ""^ ^ord-.he Wd>s,andthef,. llnTs th-- f" ^ ''; *""'' " "" and demand from cverv m„n ~""^ "''" "'" '"quire than and not accordilr .hTrT'',"'/" '''" ''•'*'"*. tl'e poor widow", humhle Iff " '"f ""'-e^'eemed all the splendid Xinlflhi.f.';:"^.';* '"•" ""''*- '""'■e abundaa'ce, cZllZltJ'^tZ:':^ .TV'"' 1 """' cause her heart H^vi^.j 1 1 ,"?'^'y "' ">» Temple, be- (though little „,or. 1 ^ ^''''' """»'■ »'"' «''c purposed bcstora,i£a7;iV:.:rPL":rd^T'" "" ""V') '' sion to which circumstanpr . . ^'/f^^'r- I" allu- recorded by hL holv P„ ' ?' "'""'*'' ''^ «""• I-ord and the following re 'ark« J f'"'' " "^'^hfatod Poet ha, itig remarkably strik.ns and beautiful lines :-- If nothinx, n.^. ,^~ ^h purpose! Thti tmrnnZT V»rpoie be in thy power, noes mil! acts nobly ! Angels could do »» more /•' ' PREFACE. As ovcry man profcssiiiBCIirislinnity ought to do I.e ."g d«c.n..e»„f .1,0 PHnce of pince. "4,/ ),uZ^^ Clo L^[, '^»'"' ,"'"■"'• ."'« "-"'y Peni.ent nre justified iPoin all (luillj condemnation and wrn.li, so he holieK's My the behever 8 profession .uul prove it . cm i"i'-l also to cast lus lew mues of aid into the Ticasurv o( e Lord according to the ability which God h«r;fveL liim— in "pnachng peace I,,, Jems C/mst,"—i» cLoil. ■logpeace publicatUm, (of which this is the f rsl )- „ n potent Head, Shepherd, and Uishop of the neaceful flock, sees fit to appoint him. peacciul n.?]""''l i' '""• " •'""'" re"'"!"!!!? in the Author's hn ch nJ *'"■'""" "'"' /«"<»"'«d chan,pio„s ft," «.hurcli Reformation in the Popish, the Greek on the nll.importan. subject of Man's individual res! diente to JHs .Sovereign Authority and Laws has been he principal canse wl,y so many millions ^fihera r „":.ol.,"r''"rr''"''"''''"-'"^ "^ ^--j' *» the :oun: trts pintessing Christianity, are made dupes to the minded men, and victims to their accursed pr de-wlw so rinany millions of the professed members TchrU?^ mystica body and subjects of bis peaceful Kingdoii are amely led on from year to year, and from age to a^e to yield a bhud and servile compliance to l"rhfrous and inhuman laws, which they must know to be opposed to Oie laws and authority of their Supreme LawWr and fe; e:ntin2.'n "' •• ^'"'" '■"e-rving and 'dldl^g rriests conlinua lly ringing in their ears the hlasuhpmou^ ence to all the laws of the land and authority of their ruling powers. Falsely and impiously asser.i?, "„ IZ jiution or proiessed Christendom, {m mHter'how'oftm tl 7 ",? *' '¥''^"' '^ ^o'" contradictory they ml U to e^ch other and t. the laws of God,) that " alUhe it.- f* laws of the land are PREFACE fuumted »'"'ly « Ml intrZ.I „"J;'""^> ^"%. "n,l „,«„v ,„(„:; •"'"i'te" ZlmZZTJ: ""];*•'' "" '•'••"•"'•'""'Jed A ".I will „„( ,ll7r.,e,, ,1 '.>''?"' "•«'-• W«'«'-C«,v// dicot was Governor nf iVI„ . ^"""'""'61, wht-ii E.i- hH.„.,o.. ,.«.pifo;Gr';:,';'Q„tr .'.?*';'"';' *""' dungeons, public wh,p„i„,r Unrif,' ,, ' '"""'s-me. ears, «Kd actual death Zln tLlli i""""*'* ""<> ' cnmc than that of prod" mh, ' w;.!" T'' ^"' "" ""'" tho,. .la,, tiding, o'f';tn:^ a :.i:,r';;;fe,:'\''''7' from Heaven, and Shenliprds on ..«.t T .'^"S*-'^' b.rt,. of the Pr.„ce of 'p::^ "" ^;:^'2^^lf «' ^..e it then, all the san-uinarv m\nUt^.: i professors of th,, l-res^n; da?," p/J'^ltr'^r"; ciice lo all the present eY*iriM«''i'?g«ghihas clearly shou,n, jthTT *'"^'i"«««'rf n. right To burn Dtssenters from their creeds- Such duds mre odious in God's ,igZ~ ^f^ncing light has yet to shou, J hat warring kings of modern times Possess m. right to eU disputes ' ay savage wars and murderous crimes /» .uito'^irtrtsptti^aTdhrs' ''"^ ^~. way be considered (?fhN.o?ie.lr^^?''?''*"^ «°»""-"' ■^ed government, in* a h gheTse. Hh^ ^ "■"*) " ""'- government now on earth R..fti "®" ""^ national •Jlvania by Wm. p" nk, and ir^er'?';"'"*""''"^*'"- the only government on record Zt**^"' "«="«»"". « P^.e.y be called " a «Slrf ?^^??: "■"'' «"ct pro- They were practical believers in .V?""'?" OowrBwen*." t»ral doctrine, asserted by jid^e Ltlf?""'. "'"' »«"?■ mentary on the British laws of ^0^^ '.'""* "• ''" «»»- ei-y "««' of the land which ^L^.P""^*""'- «bat •< ev- ■' nugatory, and of „: w".?"'";!?' ? '""^ »f God. which was ever tauW.t or be?U>v.r "'f'^ "° doctrine plain or infallibly certa„ than ^s wJ-f'^' """ ''« »«™ human authority have power «.ffi5 .''"."'»"'''"'« and •ciencesofmenf thenbSmanl»»? '"" ?" ^'"'' ">« ""n- <" even greater obligates than thfn'' '" '''^'" "'«""'*> quence is most clearffor "he Diri'?"""'' P" «*''»«- ' than bind the conscience the „T '5""" ''"""' ™ore ' capable of coming undeVatre-?''*'^'^ "'» "»« ^i"? I-aw can have any more for/. " obligation. But no n receives from tLT^JjZ"' f^Tl"^ •'•"an what iurce 01 It follows the oroDorrion Sl'u ".""'* '"* obliging er and prerogative-traTrm "t^l ''Lil'S''''""'''' P0«? er and prerogaiiV^-raTm ",ha," .«^ sanction of mo« k„. .l_ «mrra that am enactment or ff lir V, sanction of man has the smn^K ,?' il enactment or -Wit. Which .he S^trZ:tTolZ-Xl^^^^ 12 PREFACE gislator and Law-grivf r of the Gospel Dispensation have-^ amounts to a bWpbemoiis pqiiallin|f of liun who ihh fal- lible creature of a day, and a worm of the dust, to him who is ** Gt)d over all, blessed forevermore." The darkness, the sophistry, and the delusion by which men have been made to believe that they could be followers of the Lamb, winle making war and sav- atrely destroying one another, we rejoice to say, to the glory of God, is gradually passing away, and the blcHS- ed time of universal rii^hteousness and peace, we hope is near, when Christians of vvery name and of every nation, will be of one heart and of one soul, in ascribing praise to the God of Peace, that they lived to see the day in which Peace Societies were formed in the land. THE AUTHOR. Beverly^ U* Canada^ January, 18S6. L> I i ^ John Wilson, Esg.lTJlT^f'ItT''^'' }'^^- You doubtless beliere with mp .h»» .1, character of our HeavenI, p!^! ' ■"'* "^"'^ and and communication r/!^7j ''**■•"';* '•""'■ goodness, in the Holv «„. • , ^°''?' "' ^corded and attested acteristies of hi, " wel beCj'",' '"» """" '°'*'j' «''"• dom, « not of this woild " h.l ^ ^^''^' ■""' ••» •"'■(?- divine : and all h?, n^Il 7 »P'"'"»'- heavenly and into 1.; SeoS 'a'^d'irtetf"'^";''''*'"^ wise "not of this woriro ' ."""f"™ ■ '^ P"""*' '"'«- 'vorld. but because thev are m J ^e .1 '^ " ."°' <''' ">!» chosen them out nf fi.! ,?^ '.'"* "'"•'''' he having haieth them"' A|.„ Jt, ,"""•"?■ .:"'"<'«"e the world i. infinitely superior 'toll tt f !"?•" '''"8<'<"". ''hich ed,distracted,8nd warrini worW = T'""! "'^ '*'" ""n^"''- posed to their avaricio ./ ,^» •' ''*"'8 diametrically op- ipirit. will by the „~;rd"£'r''' 7f •"''""'"^""n of peace anS righZu/nl.'^ll^ ^ ^"^ .''?•" ""^ truth, »y consume all their militarv oow.r . P'*"*' ""'' ""«'•- and as the chaffof the tm,i P. .hreXn^'r^ ""t ^r^' wind sweep them aw«v,"_";„V^ *,, '^^■'',''."''' 'hall the this world, „ow ' Ivin/ n ,ri„T^ J''* '''ngdoms of Kingdom 'of our Cd and of ht'cH •''''•' '"'"-•"'"« "'« reign forever and ever "'.aLL?':'''' ""'""e .hall ion, and the greatness of il.. b- "'^'""Sdom anddomin- heavens, shafi be "Jlfo J fcThf" '''"' '^'"'"' Most High, whose kin»Hnm:' . "* '*""s of the and all dom noins sWUeZ - T r"J"»""S •""'■"Jo"', 35. 7, 87. Rev H, j^ *"* """^ "''«' him."_Da„iel s) These iovfnl o«^ ~i-_- . witha,un^bVamV;oVHeTvrn'a"„'^'l""»'; '*"«'"' «? who are acquainted "erXw^'i. ,h f'^O'^'edged by all -iptu,.. are -"S^d rbnirbut^^'i-^S 14 LETTERS, &c. ally .mnded and pncfi,- subjects of the redeenyw.Vrince of I eace, « bo are .■x,,erim,.,„ally ucqimintcd "„h lit. gen.„8, „,m,ie, spirit aud power; and being "peace- mukers, .be meek and lowly servants of benevojence " oiv.y Jesu., the parent and pattern of all pure benevo lence, peace and good will, and whose "^^ever-fS promise ,s pledged to exalt all hi, cross-bear.n J ,e»? rup"t^wf und/firr''''!.''l""7i'' *" '»" ""-"tanTefinco - ruptib e, undefiled,and that fadeth not aw iv'— even to 'an exceeding and eternal weight of glory in ►„ peacefiU presence,' where there is joy, and to his righ? hand whore there are pleasures for evermore." ^ ' t«i„ „?' " »:)'«'«"' of religion proceeding from this foun- tain of purcunabating and disinterested love, through the «l|.aton,ngLambof God, the Prince of Peace, who .tf y.t'lT ^" ''/r " P"'P"'«""y »«crifice for th^ TL^l *"''" ""/'•'■ "'"'' '"' « "'igion of pure be- nevolenee, peace and good will, not only its professors r.o«8 Prmce of Peace," in taking our nature upon him- bearing our infirmities— carrying our sorrows— endurinff our afflictions, temptations and woes-suffering our re- proaches, buffetings and revilings-bearing our sins in His own body on the tree-laying down his Jife and taking It up again— conquering death and hell— triumph- antly ascending on high, leading captivity captive, and receiving gifts for men, even for the rebellious-seBdi% torth his spirit of eternal truth and illumination, to con- yince the world both of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment— imparting his grace, which bringeth salvation to all men, and revealing all his will concerning -us, by h.s Gospel and his Spirit-inspiring and sending forth bis Ministers of the New Testament, (properly styled "Ambassadors of Peace,") through ail the world, to preach his Gospel of peace and salvation to every crea- ture, and offering pardon, holiness and eternal life, on t..emost lOVing 5ad easy terras to ail men, must un- doubtedly be as himself declared to his deciples, "not to destroy men's lives, but to save them ;" and to diffuse and disseminate this superlatively excellent, truly digni- [ij? Prince with its : " peace- 'oJence," eek nnd benevo- Br-faiJing ing, self- ;e,incor- en to *an peaceful It hand, lis foun- through ce, who for the )ure be- »f«ssors, mpelled 'ouhsel- " GIo- » him — iduring our re- sins in ife and iumph- eiadirig o co/i- and of Ivation -us, by forth styled rJd, to crea- ife, on St un- knot liffiise digni- LETT^RS, &c. « K7,:s t'issiir •''""•..'•■-rt""' ■»•'• uresofhis fflorions Ui^^A^ *^"J 'yjng ali the treas- and joy i„ fhrr,v'"G& fl'!!'!?,"-"-: P-- the blessings bniiscd benea in their view. queringgo,„e«rdmJr„r: ,'" '""'"S "P Lis all- con- hi. .ervaflts (or subjects? '»„- ?«'?''',''• """^ «'■«'«'"'»•« .hem, being Lliedr.he vrr^f^g'^td^Sh^^r^f heir Heavenly Master, out of the ^niJill ^^"i"^"'^' the c„„o„,. «„d the miners of theTn^dlv P"'"^:'';'"'^- and warring kin«domsof this ^orW Xr5' '"^"T"' hutspiritual.andStvZ!^ T Z?'! "* ""' o"™"!. dow,rofstr;„7hoTdf."^A„7«''sP1' '^^•'■e p„|Ii„^ the fourth chamorTf v.- *"? *« St. Jan 'estifies in tribes. sc'atteTabLad &"a7'f"r '" "" '-«'^" them, were aIm„«T°l..*t''.»' Josephu, relates of wars and bloody come j;^';;T;h',rp"*'' '" ''^"""'i-'-ary were under pagan bonda~ '''« /""ans.to whom they were fighting to r*.M?„ .h!' ? "^?'"" "•"»» they pe«deafe.)tL aftfe;wars''IndT''K ''"''^ "'"' ''"^^^ «" meir wars and fightings came of the [#' 16 LETTERS &c. .ha. are cuAfr^:t:^^:z Zr:!m ^i't fcction and deetrovinff lusia wl,;.i. il . *" "' "' fare, and •hcrefore^^anno, ^"get r^' iV""*' '^"- We may now clearly discover that what relau!.^* • il institutions or civil /overnment thL V^ f«'ates to civ- matioiib ,n the worJd. J cnnnr^t ««„.V.r" J** ..? ^^nom- 'Ambassador of Peace." and licensed A- the .,ght of God. in attempting to make JesStica distil turn, between "political ezptdkncy" «W 4aS„ rfj^" peace in the universe, that "what is morJlywrZJn nith sentiments of christian love ^ and setetjm, believe me honored Sir your sincere friend and hearty welKwisher. John Casev. MMi>«*«MMM»u».,^:^ » * members 5d not by len peace- ^ and good t IS eartb- ry, ** they all its af- rnal war- ^ man on placed all gave." It's to civ- »tices on- Forms of of JesuSj > nations govern- Pely lays rned, or • » I view which it denoni- my pro- nged A- iisquisi- civil or ified in distinc- issirtns, ' avari- aakers, giy be- ^X\i all nds of ^> can right. ^er. LEV. LETTERS, &c. 17 Blenheim, Novembeh 8, 18»5 Caxdid Friend, ^" '^' '"""'' I beg the indulgence of vour m«o. . • to an unprejudicid perusal of -n^.i! 'f"^"' a^entioh you vvill find me attemp" ni^o exh h? ^T'cJ"" ^'''^'h of the sentiments and pSoLnf P "" ^2''^*^"' '^^'^^^ pacific denominations, '^in.evprv'' S«<^-'eties, and controverted subiecrif nil f L ^'"'''°'"'*»f' but much or framinv civil ctnta^ o„j a»acinoie tor the puroosp vine and ben^nan,?™';,"^'' c"'nn.o„.e„,tb,. ^ah^Z terprise, evidently Tnd!^', ,'''*''"''*' """'^ ''«»«" ea- It fiilly recognize the natL?/ T°*' ■"""'' f^'icily. civil and munic pal ;4u,atij^r«f ""*" '" "<'""' »'"='• happiness of cX aTtTZZT/ T'^"''' "> ">« meet the exigencies of a? classy nf °" ' •"""P'^'' "> and preserWng the peace order Lf ^"'^" ' '" ""="""8 ty, by the .up-pressfon of vice and .h/™""^ "^ '"''"^ and promotion of virtue; aid "s „ L «"f "'asement rents constantly attending to th.., ""'' **"''«'• Pa- the, rants and necess tiesV/a Uhf™'' V"^ ^"« able exception of the meek and lowly followers of th. redeeoiing Pr.nce of Peace) wl.icl. haughttamj d„mi t, ,„ heaven , for which they were thrust down to heT WlV I '""'T"' "'■ •'"''"<"'• "'"l etern«Horme«".' lit TXzir ' "'"'*'"••'"" "^ ^"'0 -~<- wlS -t'-stLltet-n^^rrndr httt r ^"""'"'j a^ay. with all its local, cereTon au'^S'j ^1" s of peculmnty, (among which must not brranked the decnlogue. or ten commandments, because they a e o^ viously of unirersal application, Ind of perS obn" ption, strictly binding on all men.) Thi^sum of ear^h ly dominions and ruling powers, or the VourTrea, Mot archies of the earth are represented in holy writ br.wo ohZ "' '^'»^'«' "'-h «'ve no fayoraul^idea oHh^r origin, character, or termination. They are first ren resentod by the prophet Daniel ««der Ve form o7'l' niighty irnage, composed of yarious materials vZ siiyer, the Grecian, brass, the Roman, iron, and in the end part iron and part clay. The prophet saw tH a .tone wascutoutof the mountain without hands fChris,'^ kingdom, of which himself i. head,) which Le he image upon its feet. Then the gold, the sTver thl brass, the iron and the clay, becLe'.s chaff o^ ^^ summer threshing floor, and tl* wind droye them awly wno e earth, in another vision the same nrooliet saw the same great Potentates represented by wild'^bers s a Lion, a Leopard, a Bear, and a monster of inSf-' bable error and fierceness. These great Powerswe™ the abhorrence of God, and the scourge of mTn Xl^ lefal-rt^' K*"*' ""' '"" " -"ono'er out oTa trrmy sea agitated by tempcMs; iheir course was marked b^ an exterior of splendour and pomp, and by a yast and ' Theorists ia discussing the origin of government f«ll into corions and splendid reverils ; suhstitiftln^fhi Woasgms of fancy whi'ch expand in .b;Sarnt"leId: it- LETTERS, &c. j^ of imagination, for the realities of truth Pv.- „• people are often amused and en...r.„' i ' . ,° P"»"» and commotion of " i,.«„. j *"'*"«""«J "■«'! the none long vale „f aee>ZhuliZtii^,^"^'" """""K'' «he ^rnton'^tdxi""-" ^^' — ^' ''^^-' their delZve and fe- •'' ^ i""" '™'" "'"" "'" »" into darknees^'orre; w'^fir^T'"'' ""«'"''««« 'hem contempt." *'"' **"""« "'"l everlasting fra'lilLVbySst'L?"^ ecclesiastical governmen,. for the JeJishna,bnlH'"''« ""?""'"''""'"' '"■■«<'d people, no othe?^art?;n l" "''"*'' ""'"'i'elr to that give? t'o adopHt-^^en urlrr'^'""'''''' ^^ '^'''" '»*- stances, and to contmop ol^ 7 ""«•»!''' peciiliarcircum- seed (Chr.;rZr Vol-n'r 'm''™''-'','!'' '"^ commanded the Jews to hear anT i j ' '"'"^elf ened penalty of bein, .'^^j Xi:'"^!'".'^: "^'^««- to pass that every soul wIhj win .?^.' i ",''"'" "=°"'e et, shall be cut ,TfZm »1 "°' '!e»f that Proph- thst Prophet, Priest and Hint h" ''," .i'eople"-even Peace, to establish hi" ospeun^'^^f ""''"» F,"""" "^ "f "righteousness. pereTnd ^o^ i„" .''^^''^^f'!',"" ■And as a Divinp mf.,ii;ki« j "^ . v "iiost." — La-giver, ^ivT-afew't":;; .f^Trn;"!:^'^'?"^' "»'• Jaws, perfectiv suitP.I nr.^ o i .f^""*'' nioraljty and "» peace, • as the only nerfert rnU ";[«■ Tr sg"""»»aaors pMh to peace and hapUe,"'™'*^^'''"' •»■* fe'tain ty hereafter in the Heavens ' "'•'""' '^''«'- Now it is granted on .11 hands, that the Hebrew, or so LETTERS, &o. m diTinely authorised civil and ecclesiastical government of the Jews, has long since passed away with their king- dom, laws and polity, and that we have now no other Jorm of notional government, than what is usually stvl- ed y social cotnpacr ; whether it be monarchial, aristo- craucal. or democratical, or all these three together, still It IS styled "a social-^ompact" by the nations. It is be- lieved that nations of men have a right to assemble «i masse, or by delcfation and adopt such forms of civil government, and such municipal laws and regulations as the majority may approve : Provided, however, that none of their laws are contrary to the laws of God, or su- pervene a Divine Institvtiony It is evident that the same mode of civil government is not suitable for all condi- lions of men, or for the same people under different cir- cumstances ; but the disposal of power should never be . in the hands ol those who hold it by delegation or elec- tion, but solely at the control of the grantors, as a natu- ral, unalienable,c*ivil or moral right. For "what is mor- ally wrong, can never in the nature of things become politically right. The foundation of all civil government among men, the religion of Jesus Christ unquestionably lays, in that Justice and mercy which the Throne of eternal justice nnd mercy imperiously requires all men upon earth to exercise in every case, and in every possible situation li,, . ,"^ '"®" *" **"^ probationary state can be placed in. 1 his holy and benevolent religion represents the hu- man race as one great family, and all mankind as breth- ren. It expressly declares that "God hath made of one blood all nations of men to dwell (in love and peace) upon the face of the earth," with solemn injunction to promote each other's welfare, bound to the constant ex- ercise of mutual kindness, forbearance and love ; and to the reciprocal interchange of all the beneficent offi- ces in their power ; with a high and universal command to "do unto all men as we would wish all men to do unto us in similar circumstances." And whi»h iH gospel, language reads Jhus, "All things whatso- everi'ye wolild that men should do to you, do ye €venstf unto them." And thus contribute as m.joh L possible t^ each other's happiness, by rendering each other every neressary and beneficial assistance in our * power— "bearing eich other's burdens, and so," io the LETTERS, &c. ai W oflcve '"""' "^"'^""'8 •'" '"" of ChrUt"-hi. B.it inasmuch as all ,nen 8r« liable to be both tempted mA „,eircomtbymtnn and tlieir own wicked and de- ceufol heart, ; while no, watching „„,o prayer, and euardinK .1^ avenues of the .oul a^inst the >«werti.l influence of that evil ,j,iril and principle, whichT* a" wnjr, at enmity with man's peace and happi„e"s ,„j un rem..t,„gly labouring to render ever ble sin winch Heaven so graciously bestows upon man. a verv curse «nd snare to him while sojourninjr in this valeoV.rial an,! sorrow. And because men are bable to become en eimes ai.,1 seek each other's destruction, (though m«de ol one blood, and brethren by creation, tLmvLn^nd Providence, and also by that uniting and cemenlins We and grace of fU-aven, which hMl,npneared"moaU y lusts, we should live godly, .obeily and righteouslv in this present evil world,) therefore, the holy and be" nevo ent religion of Jesus, which .o'er cai be w"uped y man, without forfeiting all right and claim to ibiti- t^eof chriuian.and virtually and practically "de ,,n., Chrl8, that bought him." has provided and graci^.Cv offers anmfalHble remedy.-eien .l.enn..dynfofTsui^ all atoning and all purifying blood, and bles^sed Spirk- the merits of his cross. This all snfficient, and ierfect Saviour, Lawgiver and Judge,imperatively JommanJsal men every where to "love their enemies"Lyea, '" a enemies, such as the Jews were instructed to hatel "to r.turn good for evil" ; and on no accoun and on^ occasion to "resist evil persons", (or the injurious) "but If smitten on one cheek, meekly, patiently and mainan ot ev I but ahvaysOTercome evil with good ; and strict! ^ enjoins, "See that none redder evil f.r evil ,o a^v man" But instead of avenging theinjuries, wrom-s or insults done by tempted, false and w ckedly d°spo,ed brethren to ourselves, or any other members VtKu- man family, whether it be to ruler, or our cIo^p...!!!!. bT'ZVZV^ expressly and absolutely commanded ,»th„ . I Suprewe, "Avenge not yourselves, but !t^Z%'" "r^'* ""'" "'■*"' ' <■'"■ "^ '» »"-itten,vengeance .. mihe, 1 will repay, saith the Lord." And furthermor^ <«M«a 99 LETTERS, &o. pomtclly declare., "rf ,e from your l.oarts f„r«ive not ev«ry n.nn h,« brother their tre»»ptt«.Hs, i.eitl,cr w M vn,?, heove„.y „uher forg.ve you y.,,!; treJ.pa ' , " iC making our very salvation t»de|,on,l upon our nom^Z ..K and e.xerc,M»j? a .piri, „f |,„„ „„j forgiveness to our c™r::r iv;: vr ""•» """"r * «"<) ....Trvo a."; without winch no man shall see the Lord." And fiii-I theriaore proclaimed in oxpre.. terms from the Mouni t.ieSe":U'o.l^T-"'"''*"- ^°' "->«"•" "-•>""<' But de.r friend, liere the advocates and rotarics of the blood-thirsty Molock of ,var will quickly oCt and .ay. " these command, of Christ, which enjoin forbear- gveness of injuries, were exclusively given to the dis- c,|. OS and follnw..rs cf Christ who were converted aid had received the gift of the Floly Ghost, and are there- fore binding tipon „„„« but Chris.ia„,,'a„d ,S .se X profess the religion of Christ, in their relations to elch '"replying to the first part of this popular areument .Will be sufficient simply ,. exhibit the clear an^dTx^d! c testimony of the holy Evangelist, and the injunc- tions of Christ to Peter, which are both in point and which when carefully examined, I doubt not, wl" prove a satisfactory refutntion of the objection to e^ery caivlld mind. Thus saith the holy Evangelist,-" The llo W Ghost was not yet given because Christ was not yet glorified." And theS.viour himself said to Peter lo^ng after h.s incomparable and divine sermons on the moun? .ndon the plain; " When thou art converted, s'rZui en thy brethren^' And we are well assured that Ihe genuine spirit of Christianity was not poured forth upon Christ's followers until the memorable day of Pentecost which was at least ten days after his glorification Is to the ast part of the objection • that Christ's commands are not binding upon an, but christians, and those who make profession of religion ,. their relation toeach oth- ?r -we solemnly ask, „re wt ti.ese high command, WBsphemoa«ly trampled iiiid r f,.,.. hv «ii ?.,..."" ""' fessed christians, in their relation to each mhe^'VSouX' out iJ Christendom ? Are they not all openly nrofaifed •nd violated by the thousands and tens of^ l.ousa„rof to t LETTERS, dtc. n professed ehrifitinh warrior'., and professed christian war.mak.ni<.rt,Ier8, in every war a ml prepar«tion f«? war m C hrisr^ndom 1 And l.ave they '^wrbeen thn. shamefully abused and violated for fifteen centuriel Have they not remained so to the present day, and are they not yet, alas! alas! unrepentedof andunfirsakeni Is .t not a notorious fact, that' both the nat ona war making rulers, and all their armies for nearly fifteen h^m dred years throuijl aut ail the nations oriCiltendom" have openly pr<.f.s.. J the religion of Chri8t,^„d wpT« aTtt"p?JeT^'A'^'*^?'^'' ^ ^'-«»'' the^Pro^t! kin'<.s .M ""^^"'*^"'\"^ churches; and all iheir thTr' L 'l'^'' ""^ ^^"^'■«'«' ^«^« either the heads of these churches themselves, or highly honored and rp- sX atThetr ""'. TV/' '' ^'^ --rmost":ni;: : sally at the present day, if we except the few professed B^«A atl j;^^^^^ .^' Francerand a feraVoTed ^'eisTsr anfUf Hieists in other couutries. *1 am, Sir, yours unfeignedly, ' ' John Casey. rr ^i n Waterford, November 10, 1825 Not doubting but that your belief iw fi,...!,, „- j «;tb that of tul great ApLtle toZToJm/stpIut' where he testifier in hi,fir.t Epistle to the Corfnihbt' i::.. i *' ; ^' -"^ "P*"* »» Mievet, in Chr 8t are baptised ,„,„h,a on. body, whether they be Je^g "r ^aSet •; ^T'\ '^'J ■*' '"'"'' "' f™«' ""-l that aTl are onebXofCh'r r''''°"*"P'"'''' *»'•'""' """'hs th»lr ; -^ n S ""• "^ '"Pcratively commanded by him co'nrse'ZirtefgZScrf,.'''''" "'l^'^'"' ^'"^ "' asthemselv«'!r..?l!7-"?-*^''?»"»." "•"°»«. so called) fervehtlv " "7,. ue '".'""-."-;'*='■ o"ier with pure hearts, oZn^tiLZll f '^T '"J""" """^ tresspasses, no to%o^io/n^,lT' '''"'^' seventy times sevei,"- lo do good unto all men as they have opportunity e.^ pccally ante those of the household of faiX"-to "bea^ an ae 24 LETTERS, ^c. one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of Christ," which is love — to love even their enemies, to return jyjood for evil, love for hatred, blessing for cursing, and prayer for despiteful usage — n«t to avehge themselves, but give place unto Virath, fearing him vrho hath said "vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord," and strictly en- joins, "see that none render evil for evil, to any man," but on the contrary commands eyery soul in the most imper- ative manner to " follow peace with all men, and holi- ness without which no man shall the Lord." I beg leave, Sir, to address you as an ** Ambassador of peace," on this all-important subject, and to earnestly re- questyour attention to the following plain and pointed an- imadversions on the conduct of the sanguinary professors of Christianity, who would fain persuade themselves and others, that these plain, positive and unequivocal com- mands of the Lord Jesus, may' be suspended during th© bloody and brutal conflicts of the kingdorasoftlji;^ world, and that christians are not uniformly bojqmi^. underr-.all circumstances, to love their neighbours as theimselves — > to forgive injuries — to love enemies, and to "follow peace with all men, and hohness, without which ho man shall see the Lord." Painful and melancholy indeed, is the recital of the worse than brutal conduct of the sanguinary professors of Christianity, both of Protestant and Popish countries, since the establishment of their various religions, (or shadows of religions,) by the carnal sword. I shall therefore exhibit no more than a glimpse of their san- guinary and anti-christian principles and practice, in this and the following letter, for the truth of which I only desire that conscience may be allowed to answer in your breast, and in the breasts of all who read them, and let God and his sacred Gospel judge. Now is it not a notorious, though most melancholy fact, which is but too well known to all who have eyes to see and ears to hear, in the four quarters of the globe, thai Papists have never scrupled to fight with and slaughter Papists of their own church creed and discipline; in ev- si*v war the firebrands of hell hnve kindled in all the nations of Christendom, during the last fifteen hundred years, with but a few individual and honorable excep- tions. The Greek churches have uniformly trodden in the same bloedy and anti-christian steps, with a few indi- LETTERS, &e. «5 vidual honorable exceptions, during many hundred years. And who does not know to a certainty that the Protestant, Presbyterian, Baptist, and Methodist church- es, with many other denominations too numerous to men- tion, have zealously supported war, both by precept and example, and have fought with and butchered their own professed christian brethren, who were members of the same church creed, and discipline with themselves, but living under different forms of civil and military govern- ment. But blessed be God, there were always some in- dividual, honorable exceptions, in all those churches, from their first rise to the present eventful period of in- creasing gospel light and benevolent exertion in the holy and heaven-commended work of pence-jaakingy which I rejoice to say without designing exaggeration, have mul- tiplied these honorable exceptions in all the foremen- tioned reformed churches, and in many others not here named, to an hundred fold ; though the major part during the political and murderous quarrels of their vvar- nng rulers have blindly paid their devotions, and inhu- nia.dy sacrificed their professed christian brethren to the blood thirsty ajid insatiable god of war, whenever cr>m. manded to violate the high and holy commands of the K.ng of kings and Judge of judges, and trample his sovereign authority beneath their feet, to gratU^v the pride and ambition of bloody-minded men, wl.o neiLher feared God nor regarded the lives or s.uls of their fel- ow men; but with infernal joy, glorified in the destruc tionof mi hons A preciou. soul.! Each one of whom is acknowledged even by san^rumary professors themselve ! «to be of more intrinsic value than a thousand worlds, or ten thiMisand kingdom.. While satan like they roioiced to see Christ's professed Kingdom cruelly and unnatur ally divided against itself, and the avowed members of Chrl^ff ' ^:^^'.^^f*^ ^^"« "^ ^^^'^•"^ professed to h.v^ Christ formed in his heart the hope of glorv, savaoe y murdering each other and tearing each ^ih.v to pTeces hke somany infernal furies or savage beasts of ..^y '' All these professinjr christian churches whid, chieflv compose the st.in.nn.r .r^.;^. „„j *.._: .. , , - =^ the nations of Chr.Htendom, hove slaughtered a.H plun- •d and otherwise reduced to extreme wre che/lness torture, thousands and tens of thousands ol their a 90 LETTERS, &c. Wr JTi own professed christian brethren-all bearing the nam. •>«dly begnn and carried on for no other crime ?han that of i^mg born and living upon land separaM frm Zd> fire by everjK spark of temptation that assails them and ambition, they quickly become tyrants and oppressors -~ The wisdom or policy of this world, " which fsearthl7 n'etic nee'dt f d '"''" '^^"^ ^^'^'^ "^P and 0^"^ netic needle and compass, in all their warlike prenara- tions-the god of this world reigning enthroned'^orthj uppermost seat of their affections, and their hearts, as Jeremiah expresses it, being " dccdtful above aUthn^s and desperately mcked,^^ their imaginations becomeSly inflamed, and their malignant passions fired and roused to blood and carnage, robbery and murder, and that of innocent and unoffending thousands who had never done tT^^^ II T frJ?'^J *"" ^^» 8^»^«" **^-^™ «" i» >^ord. But Satan, the he lish destroyer, the U8un>ing god of this world, who blinds and takes possessioa and Ltual- y ''reigns in all the children of disobedience,'' represents to the imaginations of proud Princes, Pontifts and Gen- erals, 'all the kingdoms of this world and the glory of them, in such glowing and captivating coloursfwith a promise of the whole, or a part,(a8 may most effectually serve his infernal purpose in going about seeking, &c.) if they will fall down and worship him, and fight to maintain his power and glory in the usurped and enslav- ed kingdoms of the earth. Highly elated with flaming hope* and rapturous anticipations of conquest and glory aggrandizement and fame, they immediately fall down and worship him, who had promised them such snUnd:^ and glorious baubles, (as the honors, glories, applause, titles, and wealth of this world) on such supposed easy terms. 1 hough common sense, if the sophistical and clamorous passions of rebellious mortals, did not com- tsETTERS, &c. 27 pletely blind and harden and hurry them forward to the pit of destruction might easily convince them that Sa- tan is not the rightful owner or proprietor of one speck «f earth ; nor of one particle of true honor, applause, riches or glory. For "the gold and the silver is mine, saith the Lord,"--the "cattle on ten thousand hills," and " the earth i« mine and the fullness thereof."— And again, " how can ye believe who receive honor of one another, and seek not the honor that cometh from God only."— *^ For that which is honorable and highly esteemed n- mong men. is an abomination to the Lord." But thus saith " the God of peace," "Mc meek shall inherit the earthy and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace," (not live bond slaves to its sordid gratifications, like those boasting warriors who delight in abundance of war and military glory.) And thus saith the glorious Frince of peace— the Judge of all, " he that loveth fa- ther or mother, wife or children, brethren or sisters, houses or lands, yea or his own life, more than me, is not worthy of me: and whosoever doth not take up his cross 1 »^' .!?/ hiniself and follow me,hecaii»of be my disci- ple. He that seeketh to save his life shall lose it, but *ethat loseth his life for my sake, (in obedience to my •ommands) the same shall save it to life eternal."-- Therefore I say unto you my friends, be not afraid of them who at the worst can only kill the body and after that have no more that they can do j but I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear; fear him who after he hath kill- ed, hath power to cast both body and soul into hell, yea I say unto you, fear him." " He that denieth me befi>re men, (either by words or by wicked works,) him will I deny before my Father and the Holy angels; and (.e that IS ashamed of me and of my words in this wicked and adulterous generation, of him will the Son of man a^dteTJ/a"^ " ^'^ ^^^^^ «^ '^^ *'-^- thf^lJ!ll'^ f^^^'^i' ^5'"^^"^ hypocritical brethren of JZhVu ' ""'^^^ ^"^ discipline, separated thus from drpSnf '-.'"'l'"?"';**"^^ «"d marched ?'l every temper and dispositioS of the heart from which it can proceed? The inference is clear ; Christianity is only a pretext with those who, either ^principals or accessaries, are concerned in w7rZ! Why should the matter be disguised 1 Thcv stand r,.„ j.cted«„6.W. By what argument ciTtf tt™? the evidence of their own notorious ads? They may be afraid to d.sbei.eye and so haye a kind of negative\e- Iref ; but they can haye no positive belief, for % positive belief ^«„.„,s the conduct. A man does not put ,'' ttllbirr ''" '"='=«"^'' <"• W" P'>sme belief Z>t" Earnestly imploring the God of peace that the prince «f darkness and war, may be dethroned «rom every LETTERS, &c. m the Kingdom and patience of ,"hl Lord Jesus, ioHN Casey. ^0 Mc same, * Db*« .«„ Esteemed FrC™""' '^"'" *'"'• »825. christians ever "oughrir.^,. fi n'*/,' '" ""»'""' S-od and went home to feave„ 5" *" "^ '"*"'''• g<" kUled, ;>.aH;;p„ShLtt%^"4r r:r'' "'-" •"- •- . for chanty ought to have been rS^^ / ^°'"'' *"^ ""'»• scholar on earth can bearTt.^^.t ^'^'^■^"y^'^^k ifies, " Love workethno luTu''' ^?^ ^t. Paul tes- Jove ,, the fiilfilliinj of the aw "" T'S ''""•■ therefore gospel charity think evil of 1„ ^"'^''^^ «»" '<"-« or made apparem b/sufficiem ;/= r"' ""'" ""« «vil i. la" (•«% believe t'i.at no m" „ TstT "^ P™"""- ^"d hmiself the prerogatives „r a,e" d'T*^ '^ «»««"»« to of Christ, though St. Paul saUh " . J'"*?'"*"' seat judgeth all thin|s, and ve. h„ i ' .J'* »P"""al man ^n." (no carn'al man '"wt "TV' ^"''^•"^ "^ »" of the spirit, and who cannm kn "'" "'« ">"•(?« are spiritual,^ <^iscerned^^""'/„";'^J';«•" ^«a„se ,he*V nath said " a tfoofl tr«o u • . <^nrist himself, wJm ther doth a co^^up' ^e blTf'' T '"i;^^ ^^^^ ^^"^t> "ef- tree is known by ^rownfuit fn ^^.^ ^"""'^^ ^"^ «^ery gather figs, neither ofTbrambl,^? f '^'f^^ '"^« ^^'^ »o^ wherefore by their fruisye^^^^^^^ ftuthennoresaid/'bvthis .h^«l. t'.riL'!":^"' **^^«^-" Aud :;'h.t.^!^A-''^« ioveone anoth;;r.'^u!!l^"-^.^« are »t Jie that loveth father' houses or Jand ave oj* mother, wii ioved ^'ou "' •^'*' ^^ ^'i« «^" lire more than e or children, we, is 80 LETTERS, &c. not worthy of me, and whosoever will not iake up his cross daily, deny himself and follow me, he cannot be my disciple," said also, " the words which I have spo- ken unio you, the same shall judge you in the last day," and left his meek and lowly followers this admonitory cautiou, well knowing the corrupting influence of long established custom and popular opinion '• See that ye judge righteats jlidgmcnt." And I as freely admit that it is not the province of any man to set bounds or limits to the grace and mercy of the redeemingjPrince of peace, or to his power in sav- ing to the very uttermost all that come unto God by him in every state of trial allotted them. Still in the true charity of the gospel, I feel authorised to ask the fol- lowing plain and important question : Can any man be a true christian without having the spint of Christ— be- ing led by it, and bringing forth its proper, genuine fruits which are described in Gal. 5th, to be " love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meek- ness, temperance and truth," which you well know can never grow on the poisonous tree of war, or flow from its fierce and bloody spirit ? You honestly answer in the words of St. Paul—*' Now if any man ham not the spirit of Christ, he is none of his," "but as many as are led by the Spirit of God, /% are the sons of God,** and necessarily bring forth the fruits of the same. Then my dear friend, you have honestly acknowledged that if there are any good christians to'be found in the field of battle, among the conflicting armies, who are chiefly composed of the fighting part of all the above named denominations, they must of necessity " have the Spirit of Christ;'' »• the Spirit" of the meek and lowly Jesus, the Prince of peaee-^must " be led by it," and bring forth the genuine fruits of the same. ' Can you then, as an honest, a candid and conscientious minister of the Prince of peace, stand forth and declare to the servile and deluded multitude of carnally minded pro- fessors, and to a wicked and gainsaying world, that you believe the spirit of Christ does actually lead good chris- tians to the '"field of battle" to cut eachvther's throats, to M -•i„- rulers * xrrntifii fhf> invirlp o_ --1/^ ' •/ Or has ever led them to imbrue their hands in each oth- ers blood, to support the honor and dignity of Christ's peaceable Kingdom among men, or the honor and dig- LETTERS, &c. ^1 ike up his cannot be have spo- last day," dmonitory Cd o( long ee that ye rovince of ind mercy ver in sav- od by him the true k the fol- y man be hrist — be- genuine love, joy, ith, meek- know can low fVom iiflwer in ye not the many as of God,'' me. owUdged ind in the who are ;he above * have the md lowly it," and Can you minister re to the ded pro- that you md chris- iroatSf to i rulers f sach oth- Christ's and dig- nity of the warring kingdoms of this world " lying in mckednessV' Surely my respected friend, it would b« nothing less than blasphemy in me te make such a dec- laration, and such blasphemy as the Jews of old were guilty of only reversing the characters, and attributinir the genuine works of the devil to the agency, guidance and direction of the Holy Ghost— the spirit of Christ in the hearts of good christians in war, while the Jews blasphemed against the Hbly Ghost, by attributing his genuine works to the agency of the. prince of devils, when they were eye and ear witnesses of the eternal fact that they were performed by the omnipotent power of the compassionate Saviour—" the Prince of Peace." It is well known that Christ's command to every soiil in a state of probation is, ''follmo m." Now is it not impossible for professed christian warriors to be Christ's followers when they go in the bloody paths of war in which Christ never trod, and where it is certain his spir- it would never lead them ? Christ further commands all men, "Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly of heart " &c. Now is it possible for christians to learn of Christ to hate, torment and mjrder one another, which is al- most the constant practice of thousands of his pro- fessed followers ? Or where does he teach his followers, in any of the peace-breathing pages of his gospel, that when living under different forms of government, sepa- rated by geographical lines, and in some places within hearing of each other's voices, and sight of each other's iaces, they should proudly parade with their murderinir arms, learning the discipline and arts of dexterously butchering each other by rule and system ! ! ^ ^ It is in vain, my dear friend, to plead ignorance of christian duty as ground of justification for any man : for the eternally just and righteous Judge of all men never did, nor never will leavehimself without a faithful witness in the heart and conscience of every man • to , approve and justify for all well doing, and to condemn for the contrary. He hath faithfully enlightened, con- vinced, reproved and instructed every man that cometh into the world, of every nation, tongue and clime, and i am confident ne man, at the great assize, and awful day of final retribution, will be able to charge his crimes to God s account, in witholding his heavenly light, grace and conviction of duty, orability to perform it from him. w LETTERS, &.C. er a„d efficacy of" „„ ^and u-ld fi."^"'''',*" "'' "'" !«»'■ generate men'g hearff and hrl a*"* "I'?'""," „. re- good works. And b,TZll £ "'"""• "'''"<"' """> neficont Creator /" whose tendTl' *"-"'"'^ ""'' ^e- works-who is lOTinrand kfnH ,'''"^' "* "'«■• «" ^s whose free and uSr:cd grat "ZS!^ ""'."-?"<^ ti-.n, hath appeared unto all mm, '!""='' .''"ng«'h salva- ".Ving ungodliness a^S wo ,J^""i, '•"'='""« "* "-at de- godly, soberly and rielueou^v i/.l ' '"^ '''"'''<' "'« -and " a manifestrnfil f ^ "'" P'"«'*«'" «*'' world" i"ff spirit h" h been Xe ■ To '" ''*'""-"'""' "»'' »'""'>- withal,") of bemrinXectly .hl''^ "'""/" P™"' »"" ranee, and the de'crScT Zl „ S""'" ""^ *"«"'» 'g""" •heir wars and wiS ^ss "on ear,l."""l„S"h"""/ "" crimes and most „ „rderou^«h '^ ^^'""' ""« '>''"=''«'«' that his Spirit had over rvr.'e"Them"r""' "."'^'"^ eonsness, and of a judgment to com. '"' "'^"f'"- ened their understanding/ eome— or ever enlight- by his Spirit" Borde/t^^,.'" •"?"«''."?"" their minds ing doctrine; of peace-.t /" .™?"^ "-^ self-dony. doctrines of " /oiiS:irg7:':e;7,ir^! '::' ^""tf-'t'i without which feternal tinVh I 1 . , .'/"'""'''"es''. »ec the Lord," for , hey "f ^^ .'"'«'='"«'' """an shal condemned already nYdcoLt"*, ""' T'" ^''"«' "'e fieien. ,i,ht has:o^e^'^t7lfeTol-'td''.r''"';'^"''- darkness rather than liohf K. , ■ " tne^ choose How many h.gh profefso;, ^f rH •^*'','^*''''^ «'««'"■" wickedly mainfair.rar olaj Site? ''"''' '^'"' ture that men's ignorance is still ,^,h '"."^^Pfess scrip. with many o.her'sophl . caUnd se pemL"^ "'' ^"=- used to suffocate reflection «fifl„ ^'P*".""* arguments, the forte of those awfni f '"'' """^^'^nce and eh.de judgments, det'orncerh"' L^!"'.?'"^- . «"'' «'a.n.i„g and impenitent sinness. "Beca7s;Thei;^.n "/'/"^'^''^y .»fi.w.th «i, f,nd -hterf„gosrd':;i?-;!!;4t::r; » deceive the pow- ti," tt» re- new and I ted unto ind flesh. ungodly and be- er all his an — and th salva- that de- uld Jive I world" purify- ofit him 's igno- r of all daring ^heming hick en- y ascri- lackest 'enying f light- ^niight- minds r-d«?ny- »iental iines!«, n shall isl are ''sue- 'lioose evil." J who scrip- » &c. iients, elude niing ctory over- must LETTERS, &6. ^ be renounced. A* it will he impossible to deceive fi.« infinitely wise and omnipotent Judge by craft and lubtir ty, as men have deceived their own «nn?/ «"« subtle- "^niist in their own consciences, in order to trv «i,Ho» condemLd^ ' r"*"' '^'""^' "'""'''' "« 'eprovcd" « d to theT^hMhat ullTf."""' ""i" '"'""' «""'!• -^-meth they are'wrougit 1: God"-' "'"^ '" """'" '"=""'-• "-« du!J?'I„:'r.?ot"!l''r'"" '""'^^•'•■'ge i« confcsed to !,e » Noth""' i laSXf "* 1! ^^ '"■'"'"vvledged a .in. . .i"diced spirit onn;Sir;',:",fer.; T"'' ""."^ ""''™- knowledge of eve.; ess'enL ' u" " i:^ tTcS"'""* selves, and our fcll<>w.inpn_,„,i i ""' """'- dedication of our odi^ sTui" "V"'""^'- ""'•''*«"cd to enable us to uerfo m t'h. "'"' .^P'"" ""to (5od, our own comf rf i„ "' '^L^'r '" »"'»« ""^ep.ance efit of our fJliovtilThereWe'":- "''•"' ""■'"" '"'»■ man is utterly left withotu t^. I . ,7. ^J^r' ""'^ « river, and the" r 'hte^l '"" '"',""''' '''""' '"^'-''''^ " How oft wo„H 1 I avrr r' "'. ""'"*' "*■ "'« "■-'"•" Christ to the in orri^TeTew^ras-rr '""'^" f'""" ve " ♦♦ V« „ 11 ^ ^"ost, Hs your fathers did. «!o Ho from hiswavs andll f " '.'. t"/.. '*■«' ""' '^'^k^d '"rn uOi; What - ■ -uitu i "iZ'ZT'l^'^ -'"> the Lord -God.^'t] ha ve lorth fruit, behold I it bro But if y that it should lat I have light forth wild fru it ou acknowledge that the Spirit of Ch j» bring rist never 84 LETTERS, &c i ! 1 I led good christians io th« field of batile to perpetrate these bloody and murderous deeds, you admit with me that soldiers in the field of battle could not possess or be led by the spirit of Christ, and if they 'had not' or were not * led by his spirit*, eternal truth hath declared tney were none of his,' notwithstanding their^high pro- fessions. And if they were * none of his,* every honest man must admit they could not possibiy be christians or entitled to the christian name, [which distinguishing appellation means nothing more nor less than followers and imitators of Christ] while fiercely engHged in bloody •onflict—piercing each others vitals, and spilling each others souls into the shades of eternity. When it is certain every soul must of necessity go to his own place, as Judas went to his— must go to the place which is suited to the state and quality, temper and disposition of mind in which hefoundhis enjoyments in ' those deeds which were done in the body, whether they were good or whe- ther they were evil.' For it is morally impossible that a soul could find any enjoyment out of its own element, any more than the fish of the sea out of their proper, natural element, the water, when carried to dry land. Now soldiers who die in the field of battle, murdering and murdered, being accustomed, and indeed required by their profession of war, to indulge all the hateful, in- jurious and destroying passions of their regenerate souls against the superior excellence of the meek and peacea- ble, loving, benevolent and forgiving dispositions and qualities of heavenly-mindedness, must in the nature of things place them (admiting the . possibility of receiving theirf in that state into the regions of eternal joy and peace, the kingdom of Heaven,) in a state of torture, torment and misery, where every object that can strike the eye or touch the soul, is in its nature calculated to inspire gratitud?^ and adoration, with joys unspeakable and full of glory, in the breast of every pure and peace- ful inhabitant, must uecessarily excite all the contrary painful emotions in their carnal and warring minds, which are at enmity against the law of God— not subject to his law in any thing, neither indeed can be, in that warring and rebellious state. For what concord can subsist between Christ and antiChrist? Heaven and hell 1 The God of peace and the god of war 1 The seed ©f the woman and the seed of the serpantt Between erpetrate with me tossess or d not' or declared high pro- ry honest hristians guiflhing rollowers in bloody ing each ben it if ^n place, is suited of mind ds which I or whc- ible that element, proper, 1^ land, iirdering required teful, in- ate souls peacea- Dns and ature of eceiving joy and torture, n strike lated to eakable i peace- ontrary minds, subject iu that rd can en and be seed ietween LETTERS, &e. 3^ ora7miTorwl"a^'r""^^''*' -id«^««ti"^ Prefession 01 arms f Ur what communion bei ween love and hatri-H peace and war? Just the same concord and communion' that subsists between " Peace-makers" and " waT mak- InJ'^" ^"encls and advocates of peace, and the friends and advocates of war." And dying as they live r«n no more be united in spirit, mind a^d aSioLs than they were in th.s earthly state of probation and 'rial- can no more rejo.ce together in the spiritual and eternll world than they did in this; when the former w" re breahmg out heavenly benevolence, "peace Zd ^ood will." w.th forgiveness of injuries to their feUowl.n and the latter breathing out sliughter a„3 death, de^ru": tion and murder, to their fellow-brethren, whom hefr rP« ZTnt 'JZ' "'" P^^^^^^ '' ^«" enemieltoTach o h^ ■ And as all these opposite characters while on ear^h r« in ' to the Go^nJjT ""? ^"^^^'"^"ts. whether belong! ing to the fcrospel Kingdom of love and neace nr IL opposing kingdom of hatred and war cZlll ^ while remaining inthese opposite stmes in^h. ^"!"''r and eternal wo?ld.cannot in the natnr« nf^K ^P»''t"«». the same region, dwell in tVZlTZ- '^'"^'' '*^^'''n pate in the 'same enjoy Int^^^^^^ P«^^^«- dirs of J(.«ii. rh,:.. " 1! °' ''" professed "sol- all the children of H"i"5.?„l''''!'«''_«'« J'"?S'"«'« of and above whatTstrLn ^"f- ""*«P«"<'ently of him, -. hap >: rhS; v^d oSo^ti- h': 30 LETTERS, &c. ! 1 only true Fountain and Source of all hnppinosa, life nnd felicity. And as this crooked serpent, who is the devil and satan — the great red drngon and niolock of war, has ** transformed himself into an angel of light," and " his ministers into professed ministers of riixlitcousness," so he has succeeded in estahlishingr both a flexible standard • of morality and a flexible standard of charity, among all the natio:ts of professed Christendom. Both staud- ards in opposition to the morality and charity of the Gospel, being brought forth by the wisdom from be- neath, which is earthly, sensual and develish; and both designed to support the kingdom of darkness and the •mpTre of satan in the hearts of men. The one to bend to all the hateful and malignant passions of men and to all the anti-christian customs, laws and usages of this world, lying in wickedness; and the other to serve as a cloak for all their murderous crimes and abominations!! Now if the true import of charity is love, which we hope none will have the sbameleaness to dispute, we sol- emnly ask the champions for war, (who are constantly crying up their own charity, and crying down the chari- ty of Peace Societies,) whether our charity, or univer- sal benevolence, love and good will to all men, is not more clearly manifesited to the world— more usefully employed, and much more profitably exercised in active benevolent exertions to enlighten, convince and reform mankind from the sins and iniquities of their past lives from the gross and dreadful delusions— the gudty crimes and cruel ravages of war, ar;d from all the de- moralizing customs, destructive vices and barbarous usages, introduced and maintained in the world through its corrupting influence, than in resisting the sun-beams of truth and conviction, and attempting to smooth over the blackest crimes which men or devils could commit, with the varnish of what is falsely called "charity," by extenuating the guilt or entirely justifying if not ap- plaudinir " mighty "and abandoned murderers,", the legal- ized robbers and violaters of the rights of God and man, whom every honest aiid unprejudiced mind must consid- er as guUty of the most cold-hearted, deliberate, pre- meditated and wanton murders, wo! to say any ihing of the idolatry, hi ispherny, perjury robbery, adultery, and all other kin«ls of debauchery, inseparably connected with ail armies in all wars. (life nnd he devil war, has ind " his »» ncsfl, so standard r, among th 8taud- y of tho from be- and both and the e to bend in and to 9 of this erve as a national! v'hich we ,e, we soU onstantiy :he chari- r univer- n, is not usefully in active d reform jast lives he guilty 1 the de- barbarous d through un-beams ooth over d commit, arity," by f not ap- 'the legal- and man, 1st consid- rate, pre- y tniiig Oi Itery, and connected LETTERS, &o. 97 Dear Friend,— I now submit this all important iiiblect to your tNui.lid and impartial investigation, haviii;? h».en led to tedious prolixity, and to an almost iiivolunlury di- gression from the important hut long neglected suhiect of civihzed ^rovernmerit with which I commenced, but to winch I may call your attention in a future letter, if favored with health and opportunity. Most earnestly praying for the blessings of the God of reace, upon the benevolent exertions of all the peace- making followers of the redeeming Prince of PeaceTn •very nation, kind.ed and clime, and in the true chanty lie. V -^HTr. 'if '"^'"'^^ ^"\""? ^^"'" *»*PPi"««s «nd fe- Jtci y and the happiness and felicity of all the members 01 the human family, in every nation under heaven, i subscribe myself your's unfeigncdiy, John Casey. m r X n , « Beverly, Nov. 15, 1825. Tp John Beverly Rohison. Esq, Attorney General of U ^ C. and M. P.P. York. *^ * Sir, As an Agent for circulatinff Peace Traota o«^ you aa a t.i»ilian, on the important, but much ne.rlp,.,«j subject of Civilized and Christian govern"" n,^'' 1 conBdeutly trust, Sir, you are already convinced that the 8p,r.. and genius of the holy and benevolent ^H g.ou of Jesu, has laid the fmndation of civ.l Kov^rn ^«-t, .n that just.ce and mercy, w-hich the Th^on/"f eit-rnal Justice and mercy, imperiously requires all >. n||n,8ter.og servants, and indeed e«e.y sou?of maa .■ . ZT^t 'J\7"""''"« ««''»'-d» in fhi. prob"?"n«';; stale,) m„ari«% to exercise in every po,sibl« si ,a,?,Z and re ation of mortal life. It beinj und.n ablv^ "Ir tha an the nation, of the earth, are bli, s., r^^yl^^X es of Adam's numerous posteritv-all „„« race made of oue flesh and one blood, a, th« „r,.„, i,...'°L '.'"!:'• «e«rile» .estifies, and all brethren alidn;,^!,;;: h^ =otWithstand.ugmaxim»a,.^ lu^v^.o!' injustice, tyraJn? / ^ LETTERS, &c. and every species of rebellion against God, and cruellv to wan, have been actod upon for r.ges and even Jen u- nes hy a// the warring kingdoms of^his world, by those prole8«,ng Chr,«tianiry, as much as those professing Ma^ Wtanisin and Paganism; truth and honesty Vom- pellmg „s to own that while many nations of the earTh VvoSessedphn^X ,„ ^ords. in works they virluallv and prncticariy dmied him. The religion of Jesus Lera lively commands them to abandon^heir inS eTand anti christian practices-turn to the Lord whh full pur- rwrLIlTorm"^/^ ^-^^^ '-^^-'^^ dangeraJdZe The authority of Heaven requires all nations and all classes of men upon the ftice of the earth, to repeal and abrogate every unjust, oppressive and anti-chrisUan la^, and abolish every barbarous and unchristian cus- Irj i^r never more enact any law in opposition to the revealed laws of Heaven, nor erer act upon any other policy but the purely pacific and infallibly sound policy of the gospel, which would happily cause justice to re- sume her seat and administer rigliteous judgment with- out delay. . " ** Then it is certain, no wrnier of the great and numer- ous family of Adam, could suffer the smallest oppression or injustice m order to confer temporal advaniaffee up- on others beyond their proper due— or to support th« haughty ambition or splendid appearance of any man or number of men,upon the face of the earth. No, nor yet for the honor or aggrandizement of the proudest monarch, seated on his throne of state. These just and equitable laws of Heaven, a^-e pro- elaimed aloud to the hearts and consciences of all men by the mice of Omnipotence itself. Though not throueh the medium of the letter of the Gospel, or his" Ambas- sadors of Peace;" for the wisdom ©f the Father hath declared that they who have nonhe written laiv of God " * do actually ahew forth the works of the law written iu their hearts; their consciences bearing them witness, and their lh(.ughts the mean while, either accusinc or else excusing them.' And as they are thus proclaimed to tiic uearts ana consciences of all men, we are certain they bow not, neither make obeisance to the highest earihb^ monarch that rules among men. Christianity marches without fear into the palace of the king— she LETTERS, &e. 99 accosts him with an air of dignity, as be sits upon the throne, and in a tone of anthority proclaims, ' He that ruleth over man, must be just, ruling in the foir of God.' *rom thence she goes into the hall of Judgment, and with the mein of a superior, thus addresses the Judges, as ihey sit upon the tribunal of justice, * Ye shall not real pect persons in judgment ; plead the cause of the wid- ow and fatherless ; rid the needy out of the hand of the oppressor." With no less authority, she enters the cir- cles of all the families of the earth, and with the digni- ty ot a sovereign, commands * Fathers provoke not your Children to wrath, but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.' And with the same imperial Th^iT fMr'^r"*^"^';/^^"^.'*" ""^^y ^«"'' ^^••^"t^ »n «'» things for thw iH well pleasing unto the Lord.'— Col. 3, t^A ""T- '*'®"/^® ®^® goes into the streets of the city, «nhj//r !'™u *l""1 '** *" P^^P'^' * J^«t every soul be hn^Z^A ^^u ^''^^^' P""^^'-^'^ ^'^r 'here is no power whM«L I'^V''"'®"*^^**^®' are ordained of God; tWiZj. / ^"^'.«"'^ they that resist shall receive to iefvt h r"^''°"- ■"^"™^"'' *3>1'2- 'SObmityour. pelves therefore, to every ordinance of man for the J;nors tt'' "^'"^'^^ '"^ '^"«« - -P--«' or" Zgov- •rnors who are appointed by them for the punishment of evil doers ard^the praise of them that do Ll."Tpe! Iro n , ?®"^®'' therefore to Cesar, the things which are Cesar's, but unto God, the things 'which beTod's.' Soc^^LrLr'n "''""'/' ^'^' *'"''"^' *hat all Peace societies, and all pacific denominations in the world rmr^hatVuht"'"' ^"^ P'^'^^^^ precept aL ex! S uHon 'f 1'"''" ""^ subjection to the office and institution of civil government, so wisely and carefully eS Ifi; ^/'^'a «5^,«K**-'. in their sTu^ nrnfi ii' T^^\^^ ""''^^^ ^y the Spirit of God, »and tiwictL'n^*'' ^"?''»"^' ^'^^ reproof, for correation a^d Te oerf^^^^^^ righteousness; that the man of God may „nr lN*'"r"^hly furnished unto every good word and work.' And as fully believe ' that all%fwer lof denHir .-■-'—"# "i iieaven, earth or hell, indepen- tinn .^ 1 '" '" e^'s'ence <>ne moment in ooonsi tnr A ''""<"; ««'<'i«e'l for their 8„«pe„«on" iver- tl.ro«r or destruction, he being Ki^g of kings. Wd of 4# LtlTTERS, &«. ! i IK zZnX r.h:z^ '"'ir n""" '"""^'' "-"-'^ .«me^ Tl^ T'"'^'''"'' -"' P"''i»l'«ble by L for the «"!«« and ..Lh'""".?"^ '"'''"'• "■« some Spirit of ,. who e courlt of f.^ P"""" of the earth, through the deaths^ Zde:rtai'''l'".rinhe''we,,T'' '""'"''"'"' of all the Apostles/prlriUVhWsra' .^":*fi"/er;ct es and h.ly martyrs, from St. PhuI's da/to he d "sent Whole .cope. d;if..^r„:rdr;; oTr'CTeri^Lm gent mind, as the same identical doctrines and nrinciiile. versa My amung men, (.,r the promotion of the hi.rhest andcnefest and best good, temporal and spiritual of the whole human family. »P'"iuai, ot All Peace Societies and pacific Denominations main tain by profe..io„ and practieo, that all suS.r are bound by the Uws of Go« «"<« of V"" ery nation, as far as these several ruling powers obey God, and rule in the riglu spirit of tbeirltation! Vea .!?„■,;," "f e •'" ","■' "'*"*'■ PowPfs are subject unto the 'Jather of Spirits,' who is the highest ruling Power over arid .hove all the hi.,her powers If Heaven, eanh and heU,-yea, the highest Suvereign, creating upholding JU.. iiord andf thiy pow- reequHlly than the ne in the evil,' and n for the esistauce rj inter- t extend esistance tyrs and ? powers iotijsub- lirit of ldit)g LETTERS, &c. "^ 41 and delegating power, from whom all men have derived and blessmg they enjoy, and to whom they mu8t render anaceo.,„t,or the use and improvement^onhe same/ when he comes to enquire and demand. ♦ What ha.tS aZ TVuV'^''^' "loney r-^thy Wd Vtllents r!! And to whose sovereign authority and Jaws all th« unfc"'TP"^!!;^''^^«^ ,,r.ctfy comm:nded%nS under as solemn obligations to yield implicit submission and u„,,ed obedience, as the lowest ^leasantThS land. But when rulers r€6e/ ajrainst God— reLl J.K jection to the Father of Spirits-abuse the office a.^d IZ(ZI' P^-^^^"^ authority, rule not in t^fLr^f SDiri't IV /'^P"''Pr *^^ '^^''' «ta^ion) but rule in Ihe rdlorern 7"'/''^' Li- € LETTERS, &.€, 4» i»i is the Prince of id repeat- mons on led aJoud ng, soul- Jnto you lat curse for them gain, ye ime, *an say unto le cheek, Cumbell refers to Settings, has oft- some of sreston- ance of upreme, possible science, iw com- I Pagan -thirsty not* the irselves lich the on-con- obedi- }nt and e shall hteous- Christ of, but )f their God in ii said, ad * As merci- at you [ make way for your escape, that you may be able to bear it. Therefore we may boldly say, » the Lord is our^helper ; we will not fear what man can do unto us.' — 'And who is he flmt can harm us if we are followers of that which is g«od,' — ' for all are yours, whether life or death, things present or things to come — all are yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's.' With my best wishes and most fervent prayers that you and every soul of man, on the habitable globe, may become in deed and in truth, in temper and in practice, the followers of the Lamb of God, I subscribe myself, Sir, your's respectfully, John Casey. Oxford, November 20, 1825. To Paul Peterson, Esq. M. P. P. Kingston. Respected Friend, To me it appears an undeniable truth that the holy Apostles of the Prince of Peace, (who all spake and wrote as they were moved by the Holy Ghost) strenu- ously maintained the gospel doctrine of non-resistance and passive, submission, as their Divine Master, by pre- cept and example had done before them. But it appears equally undeniable by the whole tenor of their conduct and writings, that they refused implicit obedience or active compliance to every law of the land, and every command of the 'higher powers,' which they knew to be opposed to the laws and authority of Christ. Which testimony against implicit, unconditional obedience to earthly ruler's, the Apostles of Christ sealed with their own blood, as did thousands of other intrepid and mag- nanimous soldiers of the Prince of Peace, boldly main- taining that we should obey God rather than man, and if suffering proved the consequence, meekly and joy- fully endure it. St. Paul's testimony against resistance is principally chapter and 2d verse. Thus saith the Apostle, " Who. soever therefore resisteih the power, resisteth the ordi- nance of God, and they that resist (that is, place them- selves in a state of opposing hostility ; set thpmselves i^i 44 LETTERS, &c. ' ^S/ m battle urraj, and repel force by force, as the best Greek .chola|« explain the term,) shili receive to themselves damnation, (or judgment of condemnation.) hlTt^'.Ts ^hat no pacific denoa.ination of Christians, nor Peace Society in any part of the world ever did, nor indeed can do, without utterly renouncing the pac fie princhdes of the Gospel, and virtually and practically denvinff Christ, who bought them." ^ aenying Yet, wonderful to relate, some of the passionately zealous opposers of Peace Societies and pacffic Z om- na ions, have the eff-rontery to assert from the puIi^t hat mne-tenths of those pacific, benevolent and Chri ! tian societies, are conscientious rebels against government and refuse to fight from cowardice:^ And hfve "; declared from the pulpit, which my own ears have heard repeated twice over, " that it makes no difference o Christian subjects, whether their rulers are Christians or devils, they are bound by the gospel to obey he"' laws;" and nr the next breath boldly asserted, (without attempting a shadow of proof,) » for all the laws of the and are founded upon the laws of God.", But this doc! trine is so palpably false that I cannot think anv Priest or Politician on earth, sincerely believes it. Then after scornfully denouncing the friends and advocates ef Pe^ace as conscientious rebels against ffovernment, and htm .If 7 '' r^" ^''t P'^^^^^i^^g preacher, wh; had h.mseit (acc(Tding to his own confession and the con- fesMon ot hundreds of his professing brethren.) fouffht and prayed, and shouted glory to his god in the highest strain, ID the battle of Queenston ; and who declared m my own heanng, and the hearing of a number of his own church,, that he would cheerfully march to the field ot battle again, if occasion should require it, he vehe- mently exc aimed, " It was rebellion that cast down ha- tan anrl all his angels from Heaven to hell— It was rel.ell- ion that east ont Adam and Eve from Paradise-It was rebellM.n that brought all the sin, misery and torment o^ our woHd, under which it lies : and it is rebellion that will sink sinners into endless perdition." ^Thereby craftily endeavoring, not only to prejudice a«u person tne mmas ol his hearers against the loving, penr cable, forbearing and forgiying doctrine of Christ Jesus the meek and lowly Saviour-the Prince of Peace. >V hicb so strongly condemned his sanguinary spirit, prin- VttfcSi'i- LETTERS, dtc. 45 0iple«, preaching and practice of war; with so many Priests and Politicians, and thousands of tiie pi(*us vota- ries of the orod of war; but by chargini? nine tenths of all those Peace Societies and pacific denominations with "c.»nscieniious rebellion and cowardice,' and then clmr- giiig all the sin, misery and torment <»f men and devils to the crime of rebellion ; and concludinir u\^ falsely «|»- plied denunciations by stamping withhi^s f(»ot, and smiting with hie fist upon the temporary pulpit, exclaiming with a loud voice, * and it is rebellion that will sink sit^ mrs into endless perdition;" it appeared very evident to me, that all his craft and inurenuiiy were exercised to terrify and affrij^ht the feeble minded Christian—strength- en all the malififnant, warring passions of the unregene- rate; and if possible, lead eveij incautious mind to be- JK've that nine-tenths of all those pacific denominations, and Peace Societies were actuHlly guilty of rebellion, and consequently (as they die of ilie same mind and principle) must inevitably sink into endless perdition. Now, though rebellion be unquestioably the cause of all the curse, torment, sin and misery ^ that men or devils ever did, or ever will endure ; on what principle of reason, justice, honesty or religion, can such preachers and wri- ters, with their adherents, hejusti^edm such false ac- cusations, and such bare faced, palpablv wroncr appli- cations, of condemning sentences to the friends'^and ad- Tocat«s of Peace; whose benevolent exertions are not confined to any one nation, or parlicular/orm of trovern- ment,but embrace in the arms of uni\ersalbenf'v'olem?e all the governments, nations and families of the whole earth. We boldly and honestly appeal to the records of all the Emperors, Kings, Presidents and Gorernora, in the warring nations of Christendom, since the establishment ot Christ's peaceful religion in the world, by the sword ot the Spirit, (which is the word of God,) concerning the uniform profession and well ined practice of Christ and his Apostles— the primitive churches, for 270 years after them, (that is, 10 long as the lamp of Christianity burnt brorht nnA unarii.ifo»af«j \ iu- _ • .^^ , I F'At "'"j^JiaicM,; tsic pure ana pacinc church of Christ, from the fourth century to the seven- teenth, aistinguished by a variety of appellations, such as the * MYTICKS,' the ' WALDENSES.' * ALBI- liENSES/ *CATHARI.»-VAL1DQ1S,' •PAUU- ¥ LETTERS, &c. CUNS, &c. And the pacific churches from that cen- tiuy ti» the present periiul, di^^rin^ui^hecl by the annel. lat.ons of » FRIENDS/ 'iMORAVIANBRETHRFN' •MKNNONISTS/ 'DUNKERS/^HARMOWY SO CIETY/ 'REFORMED METHODISTlS:'''&c w'th those purely pacific and benevolent associations jn Eu- rope and America, designated ' PEACE SOCfETIES ' (Which associations I rejoice to stale are neither secta- rian, political, personal, or partial— but made up of the pure and peaceful part of all the principal sects, liames •nd denominations in Christendom,) whether nine^tenths of them were ever known to manifest a ofi mtion o£ rebelling against any form of government on earth ? Or were ever found exciting, or stirring up others, di- rectly or tndiMctly to rebellion against any national or provincial government on the globe ? Or whether even o/icactual memberof anyof the above named denominations or societies has ever been found in any insurrectioM, plot, conspiracy or rebellion, in any Nation, Province or Can- ton ? Let all the zealous votaries of war carefully search and traverse all the annals of time— the histories of all nations, and the records of all governments ; with the experience and testimony ©f all ages and generations of men : and we are bold to affirm they cannot find even a solitary instance of insurrection or rebellion chargeable to the account of any one of the above named pacific churches or benevolent associations. And indeed were It consistent with the design and limits of this letter, I could exhibit a faithful sketch of the uniform and deci- ded testimony of the true church of Christ against all retaliation of injuries and carnal warfare, from the me- morable day «f Pentecost to the present period : which having cost me a considerable portion of time and labor to collect, I fondly hope an indulgent Providence will enable me to present to my friends, at some future peri- od, for the enlightening and convincement of my fel- low brethren, who are still the bewildered votaries of the god of war. How egregjously inconsistent and absurd then, must be the principles and^ practices of these warring and sanginnsry priests ! And i awfully fear for them— their adherents and posterity, that while they stand forth to teach others the way of life and salvation ; they them- selves have need to be taught what are the first princi- LETTERS, See. 4, pies, and fimdamental doctrines of the gospel of Christ For « a, I alas their ,„n sanguinary and e^l wo fc.' of delusion make it clearly ma°,i(es.,-^and uml Lui^od TrZVTf!'^ to acknowledge the lamentablffact. that nstead of heartdy repenting of all their evil deeds -belienng on th. Lord Jesus Christ with hear l, mo nghteousness, and following him in the regenera "m of life, many of them continue to wax worse a^„Tw"r both deceiving and being deceived. And yet boas nW largely that " they have prophesied » preachedT n Christ's name-Have eate,. and drankl h7s tirSe (th. memorials of his dying love, sacramental bread cast rr, t' '"t; "' "" ^'"•*''-»" »•" "•"•«"-« cast out devils, and done many wonderful works— hove converted hundreds of souls, and cast out satan from bij ^ilTah'aLoV^thi"""'- *"■ """• *'•" 8"' •""esHhe; e-^a r^^h-tiZi'Xt'^^rgh^nStS shed blood, or t». learn the diabolical tnl-Zfi*" downward to death and deatrnxti^^ rk i.- . P'"'"'g untempered mortar. and*c";?„Tor^";.^«:t"'' venly peace-internal j.««M-the soukZ^^Ti ^t,God, ,„ the wickfd aad blLdl rsrvrhorete b n M ««?>« ""tant may be defiled with their brethrTnt blood on both sides of the brutal conflict ; and their ,o„I. bloody men" v7 Z "'^ ^'5»P^^^- -^^'Part from me ye beartrem',ra„''eno- Xrt^"^ "'"«"-' ^•, I I 48 LETTERS. &c. ers of tlie Gospel,' nnd ♦ ministers of rightoousness,' for SHtan hiinbelf must needs be a saints and high profciysor in the. Christian Churches. Nay, lias ar.uiaJly, to ap- pearance, *' transformed himself into an angel of light." And alas! alas ! we have sorely to lament, not only for them, but for all their deluded, servile, hood winked and cheated adherents who swallow down the delusive and Hhti-christian doctrine of blind, implicit and uncon- diMonal obedience to all the laws of the fighting powers tliey severally live under — "no matter whether they be c/instians or devils.'^ Falsely and impiously asserting that *'«// the laws of the land are founded upont he laws of Co!." Which is, in effect, char|;ing all the holy Martyrswhti suf- fered death for refusing to obey the laws of their ruler Syw\\h not only the greatest folly and weakness^ but with actual violation of the doctrine and precepts of the Gospel — con- scieniious rebellion against their respective governments, — and base cowardice in refusing to fight. For it is an in- disputable fact, that these holy Martyrs actually suffer- ed pains and penalties of cruel irapiisonment, extreme tortures, and a variety of painful and ignominious deaths, in different ages and centuries of the Christian Church. Now what did they suffer all this for? Was it for obeying " the laws of their country,'' and the authority of *' the higher powers ?" Was there ever such a thing known in any country, in any age of the world, as a king or governor putting his own subjects to death, or to extreme torture and suffering, for obeying his own commands and authority ? Or would it have been possi- ble, in the nature of things, for any well instructed A- postle, or other Christian, to have ever suffered martyr- dom if the popular and destructive doctrine of implicit, unconditional obedience to " all the laws of the land,'' and •• authority of the higher powers" loas the doctrine of Jesus Christ and his Apostles in the Gospel ? Or can any hon- est man, in his senses, t-ay it was a blacker and more heineous crime to offer sacrifice to the Pagan deified warriors, (whom they termed gods,) than to imitate those bjood-rhirsty gods in their heroic and murderous exi»Ioits in war »»«o„, ,vhen they caZ. in "" """'^ ^'"''' ^«*"''"«A- aiid that to the mi, ^ r «onsc.enee rtcftM/a «A«/.— Which afuhn'ra; KTf t::^ '-; ""---•- very , veil know. And a.tVli'^"^!^".'''""' .»' 'e«t "o iavv can Sfiibiy » I . _ ^ «;;>n to its penalty and Christ :r^ ^^"^-^« ^]-" P-.IVC :^^ s superior Rmgdom and operation, where the m\ >jec(s of superior claims, wit^i LF.TTERS, A:c. t'-osP who me nrnklu^ an e..trancc in^o it, cennoi in the .^''T/V' "l>''f '"^'-^ <'f ll...r consciences, vieh! ..c! / r. oOe „ .. BuRFopD, November 29, 1825. lohis Fxtdlency Sir Peregrine Maitlnnd, Lieutenant- (xovtnior oj the Province of U. Canada, 4v. &;c. ^t. As the London Society for the promotion of perma- nent and universal peace have announced in their fifi h an- nual report, w:ifh many enccurai?ing facts relative to the hij;har|d important object»-of their purely pacific, ano benevolent ii.^tiuition, the nleasin?? inrpII,4n-« tho^ they had rran?.mitted, through the regular channels of Com-.iunication, eomplete sets of their hlj^hly instruc- tive and interesting publications, to the Kings of Eng- JiEi LETTERS, dro. «l land, France fxm] Sf^nhu nn.l the Empn-fn- of nv.^in-^ eMiMincd fn.Mid j.hd frllovv la» A\ seltK IViurc Society, limi t •rcestrr, ^onf•^pol|(|irllr Si; qjatter, thiit I, IV iiiiK h i«-er. the IJ^-v! ,\, .t|| eretiiry ol' the IMat-sac I) a «»»t <»f all the niitnl rMMMmitl«'(l to your Kxc»»l! pulilislied to that dnii safiie, solicitin^r •f r« of '' 7Va« rricyl of PparcJ* with a letter arcomprmyinir ij'o ''f>tance It, •niirl.t have luen nii»cnrncw,fi,. ,.<, »-.«.,..,„. W«ll know,,,,. •,!,«, there i« ^ his'w „ ' (w,tl, ma„v other. i>,H,h„„s a» well as .men o„„ ,J. " of rfm( o/„w," and f,.llo„ei-s of " thf f.^t m. . . c..t MEN," or j;,/m 7J„„,rf,, „f / ;/; "" 7'^V'- of '",'!" . " ^'"f'' »fM"nsLr:' tl^'f L ,„ '. ot the benevolent " Prince of Ppnr.^-> "•"»"« ecI by. their leader, " tU^JJlTproTr^ "VI;- h he ami 21,1 ^'""'"^.T '^"'i"". "« » cloak C bly conclude .t „.„.t be fr.m wan, o. better imLIal.l) fsi LETTEns, &o. I: i were one and the same neonle fJnVhn i ' "f '* '^'^^ the)- TIflvJri iiTi I'eopie. iMot Knowinif that nei- ever e,,nnT '"° "'"' ""y in<'ividual of his pir(y"w"re wards : Neither indeed con be untii f/'^"^^' ""^ a^l«f- leader having declared to me, before a mS.";^ which God designed To i. i i"^' ""'' i" """ »«'««' haa given Vac"i:dti;r„afatm;:i',r«t"'" ^1;!'=", "" trine, or professed helief, he urLd in nn '''"'; •one, witl! much vehem^n'I of/ni it lliy^Tl'^r i»iat the heavenly precepts and Soirit of th^ r/ t mmmm .train then, from all e^il-trLsi:" he™V?r„''',h"etii:r of" GoH-f;''"''« """ '""■■ '"'" "■« peaceable K^gd"^" ^pfz t:'!^, Gtr-!e„:h^ihi-r£ of truth »"° "'^ V",^.^'* "■" ^^o^"-" B-t tie scripmre,' of ti uth appeared to him as a sealed book for h„ „I • tivey declared to mo that " whatever ab^^migh. Ce given /nm ability to overcome his." 6ft«/""llr''r I .'""'T '«*" ""« " ^''"'l leader or tie. blind, I asked l,,m if the report of his society's train ng «r,th weapons of war, p.nerallv once a week dnrTnJ the summer season. »-err.ir„.i ti„ .. . . f . °""''g sweied it was/ Mv astonishment"' uiiblu^hin^ly an- ng excited by this unexpeoted reply, i ,„ok the HbTr ty t a%k h rhX he could have the effrontery ,o call his^socie.y " "/i: 'jrfrL '^nominated r" as if they Qg tiiat nei- parfy, were tl with any before their " or after- ounce their iples — their ber of wit- Id of battle acc-maherSf every man ^at manner whicli he This doc- ipassioned n which I It to prove le Gospel i^indictive, new them the baiie- ■ in their ch would , and re- tbe king- Kingdom Jousness, tn to love smseives, s«, with- cripturee he posi. ght have d never 'r of the, s train- k during ^ly an- hy this flow he •hiidren 1® LETTERS, &c. ^ V Peacef^* seeing their Dmrtir.*. «<•!« » palpable fakUu. He reLlied '^f"'J!"-''>«"'» "/p^^e. count of renouncinff natinZl .r,„l t ' •'"«''* <"' "c- them both just aTd^"t2l.T\ '"*"'''"« «»"«*d" that na»e because weTbX?d aM „,r ^f"' T"^''^' enuallygood with our o„n and th-J"^ '"f''*' '" "« not to auarrel wirl, ariv I?/'/ i 'herefore dettimined ..c-ither^sa;,^ o'tr^tanl"?'^'''" »'■''' ''«-^'''». than thou." ^' **'• '"'' »"« "'e more holy Thus lamentable to witness wp<1o;i>, « j "any of the highest profeZU.f ,i ^ ^""^ ""*" """""S nevolen. religioLf tife Pri, "r„f P " ^'"T^"' '"'" ''«" glaringly different thn/aCe.her '^T rT'"'' '""' » anionffst the nhnv. „ * """Sether. And that n«t onir 3a«guf„ar;tctbVr,:trair'/^ "'=''"''"- -5 nominations of men who nf, f /^'u'?' '"""«' ""^ «»'» d.ffere„ce between frZ/- i.^''! i'l"'.;« «i«t' a wide and " Peace Societi,^ " '^l^'^"™ Children of Peace " onIr distinct *Si:;h„t^"er7tu" '," "■?'""'-»""' characters, principles, obje'ts of.'- '"'"' "' "'«i' of attainment; .hi formeT bein/ "^ '"",; ""'' '"'""^ for sectarian andpart^^urposes ^whi^f ''''• ""'""^ local exertion.., confined ^whhh "'""='',''«"• ten years to a small section rreliTjl'f'o^ '"'''' *''-'=P'"'") clearly manifest. The uter ' . .■^"'"r'''"'' """l^e extended over diverse pa«s of i' '" "'""'' ""' ""^ «»•'>;«■ conno, properly^ caZ%J"^"^Z'''''''' '« Af- cal, or interested plrlie,!. ^*"='^""n' Political, Lo- Tracle Abolition Soci ,! ."^r,'",™ "'"" ' ^e hhvc 'f'MatkSCool «3'-~..'?.'t'-'^"'''««'-.^-' or '.V .nade up of .,.> pea"" uhmT' •""''' "^ te principal Sects O derl V.,o i ,"' "' P"" . loeiS ai,ul>euouiination(r or gene of at 54 LETTERS, &c. 1 ■ in Christendom, who nevcrtl.cles»r«main, forthemn.f nf 1.«^h ' ^ "■* "^ng"!"""-^ and interested votaries ' en:: ratlTrXH"^ .""T™" ^<«"=« Sociefe's. " ciicouragers ©t rebellion,' and * seditious oooosers nf ^a ousie? and ,„'i^-r'"iV ""'^ »"-«J"dices, unfounded jcuiunsies, and sordid seif-interests have r»is>>.l a«^:,.=, fX&Vh' ^--«^-^'-;it«tio'*;s TndteTr ad peace Xh th^''' P"««'P'^f of permanent and universal earth-In J^t ^ ^"'^ ^'"^V^'>^ "°^*«^ *« P^o™«t« i" the S aud i.-rn'' ^""' Excellency that Peace Soci- BinlZ^ fT ^^"«"V"^^»°"« «'•« «« far from oppo- tTaf theVhri r''.? ""''^r^i'^'i'^' of civil government,' 20vernof« n r '^'^^^'! ^^ «»^i» government and c.vl governors, to be ordained and instituted by God's an- Jot Le ?irth '? ^' '^' r^[ ^f God that mankind shoidd Jrl; !l 1 ^® ''?f' ' ^^ ^^^^^'d' ^'»^hoi,t order or con- troulshould not, like them, be governed by brute force and muscular strength, mu.h less reson^o artificTal weapons of cruelty and murder, to settle their contro- frZ^'fu ' /^'' '^/'' 7'°"^^' ^^ ^«^^^er their rights from their tempted and wickedly disposed fellow-breth- ren, whom they might ever so justly conceive to have tinned against God, and trespassed against them : which lavage mode of deciding controversies, though now so popular in all the nations of the earth, as well professed Christian, as professed Pagan or Mahometan, everr honest man in the use of his reason must acknowledge a^ degrading the human Species who were formed ra- tional, intelligent and immortal— made only a little low- er than the angels, and in the image of God himself, far belbreth- \ to have a : which h now so professed in, every tiowJedge rmed ra- ittle low- iself, far at peri»h. into JSo- 3cia] Jife be rcgu- r rnagis- But this ' kept in onsciea- LETTERS, &«. 65 ces of all, that " no Jaw of the Innd aI./m.m magistrate, when commanded to he perform:„"ee L"'''^ pledged ,0 pay .trie, attention ^oaH the vLL,""' •otheV-niusandC'oVfc;^^^^^^^^^ ry. are in onnositinn t« o i '^ ,^f,. ' ""' "" ""e contra- and authorU^on eaven TnVlf"'"!: "'""''' ">" ''"^^ are not bound to obev^hlm ,h„1." ""' ^ '"' ^"''J*^' by the gospel »oZZ^2J^TptjroTtT?r'''' trary, passivelv «//»«»/ / . ^F^rauon, but or» the con- every.nation under Heave«-a„d wi,^^^' tirr' '" prayers to the God and Prir7,^» ^ d ^ ?' '*"""' kingdoms of this ,vorM „«,J .' / • .^''*'=''' ""« «" "i« soon become ,h,. Kin JZ If""^ '« '""i^rf""*," may Phrist. that ..e'ty^iSTorlnnd":;!.'}"^ °' "*' 1 subscribe «yself your Excellency 's most obedient, humbl. servant, '•HiV Casev. 56 1-ETTERS, ' ^'■'"""J o*" *«» necessary or unimportant toTn.^l.t,* ''"■'"«'' «"•«"»- tl.e merits of this'sangu „lVa„d , ' »" «"1"i'y into much, a, if i, e«„ be pfoved tVbe .('^ i"''"^ "'"'' "•'^ O/mst, and his Apostles in the olii "'"',""'' <"" •^«"" own injunctions and exnmnles or ff '.'"''*'■ ^'"•" "'«ir ded,.«cd therefrom, all pial' « "": '""""' »fg"n.ent8 Denominations, who h.vVre„„; "?/'.? '"'' «'""«<='«« custom of war, cs an chr!ri '^w''* P''"'=iple« and Imvo publicly 'estified la^iTl 'til """'''™"«. and carnal warriors of professed ch? "^""'"^ '''"''" «'"! the other kingdoms of IhU »„,/"■''''".• ""•' "^ "« must unavoidably and of , ,„. ^"'^ "* "''t'cedness, «..d.condemned'cri;1:als"r,Te'rr'of%f""^.'^"'''>^ Let'islalor and Lawmyerof thn r. i ^- "'" ""'allible 'le hath himself declared h, ,„.^™*"' P'^P*"*."""". as can and alarming truth • "77"/''"";"'='", "'™». 'I'is sol- But if on tlie contiari- it «h«..M *^ . '" '"*' f%.'~ able and anti-ch.islia f-1^ f ■ ° , '.^"'""'''^"'••tely un-en- phemous • doctrine «/ Arl "i^^^h" V?"," '» ''« «'" f-'-'s- tl-e three unclean spirits whicls.jl'r "''""' '"""''"« "f the mouth of thefieV draeon outlf V""""?'' ""' "^ beast of apostacy, and out of Z.™"""' "*' "'« pro, het Mahomet,, vhUhincLl^, r.""' ''fthe false the .nfallibl. Ko,;,«,';7 ', ;<^-; P'^.s, J-«» Chris,. the spirits of devils gone f.,th tn , , i ''*' "• 'o be and of the whole world 1.. 1^,1° '^ """S^ "'^ ""■ea.lh tie;' then we may r^;; u?:^'' '•:h";.^n''1' ''r ''"'- torn is confessedly the most dlJ , '''•bolieal cus- that ever „ffl,„,„/,.'. Z""" vill rend« unto eve v m«^ T"'"« word. 'that he ".?, have sourtforl^rv'^h '=""?"""''*"' """ '^O' will render et'eLa" life" "^bu, u7.r"'' '"""'."''"J'' ^e contentious and obeyed »« he trmh"/ l'?".'?'"^*. ^"^ nble •o7ipes.:l'dThi~UeTh:lrUor oT^,''" •'"'" forever.' 'Thp wioLoj u n L ^ "^" °* "»eir cup the nations tit Jrl. God" ^.VTu^r" "<"" '''«'' »" lieviog, and the Xmin^wT f^ ""5 *^"''"' «■») ""l-e- hateth his brother ?,r I T** «>'"-derers, (whosoever Epistle o? John 3' 15 H^!'' " T '<'«^«'-. '» 'he first l-eaven-daring am' Jd'„^?"; ""'*:'' ""'™ ""-ocions and Lis fell«w.be1hre"f labile „r'"' ^""'""'^ '"'"=•>■^" ^horemonsrers, a"d ,o?ce ers a^d""!", """''"' '> '""^ liars, shall have their part Tn ,1,^^ idolaters, and all wilhfireand brimstone^, IhrM.i"'"' "*""'' ''""'<"h A few momenT's calm aid k ""' T^"'' ''««"'.• Sir, asidefrom p ehXea^d n',",^!' "''''*'="•'"• "^ <'"" fieient toconvinL i eiThots'^^^^^^^^^ "'" ^''"f" slanding, that the maint^n^l <• ^^ '""""on under- torn, b/,;rofe sed aSan M» h"*^ ''"' ^^*''''""''»' «"«- tions, involves the mas awfid "n^"'""""-'"' ^"^"^ ""- qneuces, both in time and in e.erni',':".':'' ^ '""" <=»"»<- •nd deluded votaries ' «'«™";'. to its sanguinary coZlt„:eX-v?r as':!"" r";'?,"" "-^ ™- of «i«!? national w on»s aL? , ° ^^P"'"' ''''*""«' ''o'" 'edres- tually tramplerS tho.e ^2"°^ T'"r' "S'"^- <«=- and oppressions m, re tl^' "f'"' and multiplies wrongs evdsand calumit.e, ?he ^ a thousand fold. MuUiplifg W«-?ro„ns and'X ""the "m^r'a " "", '"'l^-"" l>cart-rendin»_,„ *. "'* "o*' accumulated nnd terrible-acts .he'mrtVval"'"'!,""*''' "S"ni^'"g »nd Weedsthe most %l:ilSaT^rj!.rrblLS. 58 LETTERS, ifec. Surely the God of etprnnlTri^h f^ i vengeance and recompe. "^-^1 f God 1 ■ "" 'l'""'""' and impartial threaieLg^il not b" found''."''- ''"""<' strictandso scrupulous a, e-rardVo the /^-f "*^ '° a." to • punish its lestrov-r rv^il. .1 / K "' ,""* '"""• at th« same time sutFerthe wicked and mE„ '^ ? ' "'"• ers of thousands of eguallv UrllioTAZ f'' '^'"""'>'- isM, „,„relv hecausi haL'^mr, "hand" T^' ""'•""■ n...rderand plunder with Ihei^o dues „f Xl^an 1?*""' P«.by the arrogated au.hor.tv of wanL " ""r ^rV assur«dly the Judae of all the earlh ,lm r f" , "" make s.r.ct ' ,n,u,»ition i<>r lo^7ll '2,^,""i 'u - a. pnva.« wartare and Hhe. cartk\/JlJlCZr,M ««^»<"»ore cover (or eo..ceal) her shin.' < AvTat "",' tihed by the (Sospol, Pronhpt Isaiah sa 1 \ // •* j- <^« 0/ M« Lord\s „;,„„ UUC' !*;,'-, i/*^;;ff;r «K Ma,- «mt<:s .- He «,;// utterly destroy them T. '"« d«hver them to the slau.hter ' ^ ' ''' """ ted'^'i^orl'df ali^'theT"^"'"" ""'" ■^'^•^'™<' "• -""^'-ffa- itu woiias, all the base motives and iniiiT!«»,.«..o ■ of war-makers and their blood ,1,^1 "r^e,rnd .'/'''''' to t hetr shame and everlastin. con emr,t th^f H..- , '""■ ed mercies were hot disscmbi:dcZlT''hlt"Y'^''- : 6w:r and";!;:' ^^t^'** !:•> '""*"^ "'h m w :: :: and trreparable ruin amon^,^ te^:^, "o Tr' r'uX instead ot mercy, they must expect the threXned mo .shment denounced hy Jehovah and have udgmentC" r.r:nd'^hr;rd;7aZ2:l:^7^4-"^^ ^^^^ ^»^^;^rta,Un,Jirc,reXT}Z!ed^^^^^^ -miimmm ■™°Bs»i n« i nmn Prong, and "Jinenrii,^ ssemLliiiij belonoTth al justiic ^' |>ay so one man, hstrvction » desfioy- ss unpun' d arm it's n<) trum- rs! Most found to c as well ^er bloody (as res- indigna' iVy upon he will mgrega- ciinies id sixtw r boast- (as an re ns -hedgeJ' ir from :>nlinue I havoc cruelty d pnn- nt pro- guiity sed in- mgels.* '>r war ith an IS, re- LETTERS, &c 59 If "■? tn fight, in order t» IZnhJ^h f'\"">^ "'"' '«'"•"• of Life and Peace a, ^0,"^! f n?! '"""•'"'Prince and Alexander, of thilS H "' "' ""-' ^"""O clmsed redemptioTZtf "«: '' ""/'/'e". and' p„r. h"nble, cross-bear in.^ sTifT; ""' ,•'">''■ <^"- «" W' e'-^; but he conquered bvr'^ir^";^'''"'' '"""'«'""' f-'HoBr- hh death. Here s an tl ™^" ""'V'""' 'riumphed by ' e-nulation; and X Lt ;" ''L"'""''^•''■ ''"« WshJ S"l<'Iy died or even „ ^/,re„t, he p7Z7 ' '^^.1',^%^^ ?^ '-^^'^'anee or even „ ^,,Z, i",: 7Z7'' '^'rT ?' '•?'^'-- Me^ know not u,hat they do' ■^'"'^"" ""»'• M «m to .heir oharge; a„d7o fiiraslee; "* ''^""^ ""' "£:: JrKn-S; r.f ?'^/' "« - -^.r The primitive Marty.sreX„ / ' ^•^"'''* •'*""•' ««hmissi„„, and somT^^tS f"? 1 7 ',7" '^'"' •i"^'"''" ns?ht and war after the Z.i! ■', actually refusing ' to ;;.i^at a time ^h '!'Lf i;'"^,r"»'r^P"ns.', And Christians were snfficenHv;" "'^"'"" "«. 'the themselves again t.rbood?"'''"" '"• '"'^« '•«f«'>''ed gH'nstthem by the he uhen if^,,"'"*",';"'"" «-'^«««' '"^'l earse ' for all they that ?.^e M ^?" threaining and the sword;' and h^au,e™ivotfr'^^ shall perish by 'lo'e their enemies.' • r«urn »^"^v'"""";^"''«'' ">«•" tl tred, and blessing for CrsTnf './"'• ''"^ ^"^ ''«- evil, to any man '— ."„-^ ^' """ '» fender evil fi„ overcome evil Vith go7d -'^noT T"'"'"'"'"" '"■*'"•' >-"' -Sirs -rd, f'^^-^'^'^'Z'^^: 00 LETTERS, 4kc. .otSrS 'I'Sr "r-""-'"—/ -ear lov. peace with a men a. 7h!.''™'^ "omman.ls, •i.'ol- shall man see the Lord • '"''"""«■ "'"'""t which no fend hi, perislmWc prone '»' ^'^ ■^"'"' ' ''*"''' '" '^*- lift and WssouT-^'n?:"'',''* '"''^"••'l of both hi. or hi, goods, and ' counts 'n^fKa^trt^ exu'Ird o'veMre"r„ll^7,l^rof S' "' '-"", -»- «»..S"i"cd waves of TrafaC^' wJ^uTft'"' "'* \"- the horrid refinement and h ..1' 7 i^ ''* '"'™ '""Sht Would he ha °e cone " ved ;t^ *"'''"''''^ andreligionr fiWitinir fnr Vk. """^e'ved the monstrous absurdity of pcac€? "^ ^^® establishment of universal I am, Sir,your'8 respectfullj, John Casey. r« fL. T? T;r7-77- 5^^°"^' ^^C. 10, 1825. E„..It'PJZ ''"""" ""'"•■• «—■ ■ for.«edi„ their hinffhe if :f^;,:rv° ■;:: 1 '-'fT meet each other in eontend.„ra™fe'nor Zl^^HlZ LETTERS, &c. «, and (Jeliherate tlatjgluer. Thprpl.„ -)„„i • k'"i?.loms „f ,hi8 world ijjl l7 ^rf^""? »" aK the «a«,^ea„d brutal c,mct,o^„d.';'i-"'''f*' ^-^ "'«*' verilv believe that Cl.r t Ve^uT ,h'"p """"■' """ "'«? reisriing in the h.arts of f, f'lr ^""'^''^of ?«„«/, d'-'ina the blooSy and hr 7*"' "''''^^ *''»«» Christian "ations^so cruellv ftl/"'' "^ "™'"«-«<' Arf against himseff (merelv t^ »"j. """"'•"•ally *„,-- »l»ns of |,e||, in {hi brealf of J { !.''" '""''" P"'" C'i'led men,) as to le J fiml ,h ''\^'' ""'' ""P""- to murder and be murde?e',S. I ,,"""" ''""''""■J. ne«s of infuriH.ed demons M - "'" "■*»" ""-l »«d- le and engage in tl,e'blo„V™^„1ie^ 'l? ,',''« ''«''' "f '-at- their rulers, which is th,. .Sr A V ""'"""""' "<" contended f„r and so J.ni P^P"''"^ doctrine so narmlv and America, ,;",,,:;:^"''"'';^ P^'"'«''«'i "P in Europ^ co«hl be no im,,ro,,rie,, or hloo I '?'""'"'• "'«n"i«e armies wholly m.d iarp^of w7 "?'i' ''""'^ '" ''»»ing "mce i, is the duty of7„ ",, "L^'T'''''- E^peciaJi; and as professin.- ChrS, 1, ■"""""« » Christian ; 'y figl'tins with e^cho'e 7, '.i'Thr;**''"''^' '=''''»•»'••- P-to or cessation from slhu, i,^ ' rL "" ^"'^'^ "^ '^^• are occupied in making r^ady';]',:.!'"""^ ""'." ^'"'^') conflict., ; i, >,.o„|rf (,„ 7,erfc, Hv i.^ ''n''"'^' '"•• '""'"re 'I'e.r religion, f,r host o/"i„,/; •,?"'''«{'"';'•'?'«■' of ■ oWte" "^ -- '-•■".'^/'r.^edlteaT,- Oi'?htthevn.nihpn /,.„?".,''"" neutra port -_ o'h- as bre.hr,.' rforct'm '""T'IT '"^"'^"-'^^ »e»,bers of ,|,e san.eTmH an' tl^ ',,1.' "'"^ ='^<^ -'I ^ hy the same hK,o.l, HnT;',L"l'.i''r! *." '■«<"' rodeem- aiu ev surely m.,»* f„_i sanctified bj the same D i^r«-''"'i.-i.hp:^y::.;Xv:;^r»n^ 1 VI IIP vrould Jt nor. be hiirhly proper f,,.. ,i' v. . -^ ' '— """'" Christian feJlowslup^voj,i'^^^ " '^-^togeU.er for i^> ivuisnip and coiumiiuion '' 6 0d H^ LETTERS, &e. Suppose, then, that they occasionally go on bo! other's shipg, for rehijious worship ; that theii board each . . . r Chap- lains lend in their devotions, using such petitions as these : ' Praying that they may be all of one heart and of one mind, in the knowledge of Christ ; knit together in the horitls of Christian love; maintaining the unity of the Spirit, in the bonds of peace ; may be always found acting the consistent part of Peace-makers, the true followers of Christ and children of God.; obeying the commands, and treading in the peaceful foot- steps of the Lamb of God, the Prince of Peace—that they may be uniformly engaged in * following peace with all men, and holiness, without which' they are fully as- sured ' no man can eee the Lord' — that they may be in- deed, 'the light of the world,'' and ' the salt of the earth-,' knowing they were born of God, passed from death un- to life, become new creatures ; old things having past a- way, and all things become new within them ; might al- ways evince to the world they were the Iambi of Christ's flock, and the sheep of his pasture, by taking up their cross daily, denying themselves find following Christ; daily mortifying the deeds of tiiclw.dy; crucifying the flesh, with all its affections and lusts ; labouring to keep under the bodily passions and appetites, that so they might be prepared through the sanctifying operations of the Holy Spirit, to convince the world by their peaceable lives and godly con versations,that they were sent forth by the Laiob of God, to live as lambs in the midst of wolves; and though wise as serpents, yet were harm- less as doves — that they might be enabled, through Grace Divine, to bring forth the fruits of the Spirit, * which are love, joy, peace, long-suffering and gentle- ness;' that they might be richly endued with 'the wig. dom from above, which is first pure, then peaceable, gen- tle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy; and the fruits of rijirhteousness, which are ^sovvn in peace, by them that make peace' — that they may ever be found engaged in * the work of righteousness, which is peace ;' that so they may enjoy the happy effects of righteousness, which ar^" vjutctsivc?^ c*lni acouiaii-^c n»j CVCI — -HIUl IIJU \XOU Ui Peace would utterly destroy the kingdoms of darkness, establisfi universally, his own glorious Kingdom of righl- coudness, peace and joy in the Holy Ghost — Judge a- < LETTERS, &c. Qg inong many peoples, an.l rebuke strong ..,ti„„, afar off- tW ■ hey m.gl,. l.eat ,heir swurds i„ro plough „l,are, lilt op sword agan.st nation, neither learn the miir ler o.., art of war anymore; that the ecle«i„l A?r of ^eacc, might soon proclaim that 'all the ki«.X*m of this world had become the Kingdoms of our Lo^d and • of his Christ;' that .0 his domi,Iio« might extt"id from the rivers unto the ends of the earth, and ab,mdn„ceTf peace ,0 long as the moon enduretb.' Withal" ,, ravin/ tha they may do good unto all men. as t ley have 00^ portumty, especially to tho.e of the l.ouseMd of faX" that they may be kind, merciful and forgivinj a H i i.' IT lie I was also in (yhrist — have tlip iu\tU «<* i.:» r* i fie h hrhT T'*' "■" "•"•''^' '^"' '^-•' " V nd 7;:: : .ut ret^. rng, 'anT^nSu^^r a"!." d' '"■ '"' •"i"'"^' ^'^ uniformly ij'moi "e pat„r"xt^:' ZV" '""""^ fiionate Saviour t\m PriL^ r » ' "^ ^''® c^nipas- suffered fo^rieav'in'g'r V LZ:Tel!:'J""'''', ''t follow his steps, whorwhen he Ts^rVitcI L' rt'Tn not again; when he suffered, he hrea ene.l „',., 1. . "^ mitted himself tohim who udgetl right j,ul ^'"4?™" which, to complete the social and rel ^io^"!?' ^"*'' suppose that they unitediv o»r,»t„ *^i .1, <="'""""">", Christ's broken body and '^slld ,1 ^ "^"'}"'*' "^ Pa.twith.he tenderest^ken ofChrT«' ^if "'"" and love. They leave lie „o« f t-l"-istian fellowship It nowbecomesthenti^erLu 'dmv TiT" ^' ™«- l«ws of war, and in consistency wfh "''^''"'"'=* '" "'« ^"^i^^:ttt;it5-^— jn order .0 perfor^ wh^Ts faltj' ' ,rfr"J;.?!"."T"' !H5B! 64 LETTERS, &c. ^ ! half of their crews n.e wallowii.jr in their hh)0(l, anil expiring in agonizing groans and heaii-rcmiing throes, a v.ocnt effort must be made by one or both, to board the other, and end ilie contest sword in hand. Theie hands which so recently saluted each other with a Chnstinn love and friendship, now plunge the envenom- ed steel into their brethren's breasts ' " ^ «nvenom \vt!'lt^T '' """'^"it«^ «"d yields to the other!* liold.. f . ''T ""''"'^.'^ ^"■"''"'"' ^" "" impartial he- rn m^^^^^ remained alive after the bloody conflict, should again unite in prayer, and mve hanks to God, for 'having strengthened tlfeir arms to slaughter their enemies ;' and for ' having shielded their lives in the hour of battle !' i^ ^ »-" Thus with Christian hands drenched in Christians' blood, resumini^r a rdigious fellowship and con.mumon vrh such .anctimoim.us airs of gravity and counterfeit love, as Judas hcanot assumed when he approached Uinst and said. 'Hail Master, and kissed him;' after he had both sold nod betrayed him into the hands of his murderers. And such as Jaab hid his murderous pur- pose under,wheii he took his friend Ama.^a.hy the beard to ki^s hun, and at the same instant thrust his daycer into his heart. But these successful Christian Murder- ers are applauded and extolled to the skies, and their names and deeds are eulooized, blazoned and pourtray- ed by I nets, Minstrels, and Historians; while on the glided wings of fame, tljey fly to principalities and poxv- ers; the rulers of the darkness of this world, (amowcr wh/^;m Apollyon is chief.) and to spiritual wickedness in hi^^h places. \\ here all their atrocious crimes of blood- gudliness and murder, and every outrage and abomina- tion aulhorii-ed in war» are in a moment cancelled— be- ing hid in mjigiiificen^e and drowned in stale!! Just as though they had never trampled under foot, the authori- ty of Christ— violated his sovereign commands, or blas- phemously ascribed the works and devices of Apollyon, to the meek and lowly Jesus, the Prince of Peace. Most ardently d( siring the evangelical reformation of all the kingdoms of this world, lying in wickedness, and ferveratly praying ihui you, and all oilier 'Ambassadors of Christ,' with ail the members of his Mystical Bodv, GO the habitable globe, may daily be found engaged la / LETTERS, &t. lood, and »g thrors, to luturd I'lieie r with a anvenoni- i« other !• artial be- e bloody md ^ive eir arms shielded iriftians' nmufiion uriterfeit )roaehed afie.r he 8 of his ouH pur- le Lea id dnjiger Miirdrr- id their Diirtiay- on tiie rid pow- (amowg InesH in f bU)od- aoniina- Bd — be- Just as ujthori- )r blas^ ollyon, e. Jtion of ss, and ssadors Bodv, ged in / 65 nhf. work of , ifr/itrousness, which is pence '—that so the? may enjov the Meeuhar ble^.oUiiess promised by Christ. CO all J'caccmakirs, ' 1 sub««ribe myself, Sir, your unfeigned friend, John Casey. ^ ir ^ .' BuRPORD, Dec. 15, 1825. ToJIr. Cokman, M. P. P. Kingston. Kespected Friend, Havin^rhad the pleasure of conversing a little with you, on the important subject of y>.m««c«erors of Rome, actually did employ the sword) very luing," might quote and vehemently urge the language of 8t. 1 aul, with as much propriety as they now do, to prove the right of waging war for • actual injuries inflicted or ns of Eu- • h so often *s bloody id crafty, tion, that slightest the Judi- evil deftds, this was guilty.-— ght even es, if pos- imitate a )r the set- 1. believe Dasey. 1825. lom my »f '' The Iditional N of Dr. •ation of have yet le god of 3 duty of Jversion an mil- i many * sword) :," they e of kSI. to prove licted or LETTERS, &c. qo about to be inflicted.' If p«ul', la„j:„a»e may be iu.t- ly .-Hed as a proot of the right of wagTnR war at al It may sur.^ly be emph.yed i„ support of ««einK offeni »ive wars, and wars of conqnesi, afier the nuu.ner of the hlv ^ B *'""' "'" •^P'"'"' "•"' " »■«' unquestion.. by the Roman !foverj,met,t he had in vie*r. It is prob- able that tio other passage of scripture has ever been more bhndly or wantonly perverted and abused, to S o|,pression, wars and ven^^eace, on the part o< riilers than the boasted and triumphant passage now under re! view. In former ages it was pressed into the service of reliiious and sectarian persecution, with as good » graeo ,as the sanguinary Priests of the present d'ay conthme o employ ,, ,„ support of war, which has been nroper- we IThol' I'l""' ,""^ ."'"""^ Pei^ution. ffid Irsecatio^ ,^^ "'"'• "'"" *!'«'•''•'«■• ma„.sla«t.hter, peisecution, revenge or massacre, has not been sm„.n! He heareih not the sword in vain"— just as thotiu.h an Aposio he admonition to the Christian at IW and through them to all Christian people th,„,,Zut U A world, to be meek an.l peaceabll, forbear „,"lrli„* lers, to be warmukers, tormentors onj murderers — But so long as miuisters of the Christian rS.m shall continue servile and fawning sycophm.t,!!™^ lo. of .Snto/ffl lor riward ; teaching for hire ; twistino- and pcrvertmg the all-pure, all-peaceful, all I ,v "» a"! benevolent religion of the Prince of Peace, inio the de- mon of carnage and war-speaking lies h. vnoc'isv -da iWnr^ "" ''"T'""^' •'"' "'"""""JntentfornKm —daubing precious, but guilty and deluded souls with untempered mortar, and°crying out peace. Peace He» ven, happiness and glory, to blood-thirsty T^d m'.irder er'^^dth:"."'"." ".", ^"'"^ -'" '-'-"-d of ininnitv. \..^a"\ "'• J^/ S"" '"' "'"^i Hess and bondg cmXZa i'on o^'h vi!^ ^'^""^ ^"ilti"e«s. and under th* wnom .t! 1 ^^^'^^'^^^ ««^J premeditated murders -Zl nl?'?^ "nd unchangeable truth hath declare .' have not eternal life abiding in them." When ih * 70 LETTERS, &c. must know that "no unclean thing can enter the ffates of th»» new Jerusalem ;" but that »' the fearful and un- believing:, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and drunkards, and sorcerers, and idol- ators, and all liars, shall have their part in the Lake that burneth with fire and brimstone, which is the second death." Alat ! alas ! what then will avail all the •* regal pomp," the "immortal renown," the "trophies and laurels of victory," the " glories of conquest," the " monuments of immortal fame," the " honors of war," the syco- phantic adulation, and the empty puffs of popular ap- plause, which can only float on the breath of the mise- rably deluded, wondering, servile and cheated multi- tude, who erect such monuments, and lavish out such fulsome flattery, to the praise and renown of such gay rainbow butchers, and mighty and abandoned murder- ers—the legaliUProbbers and destroyers of mankind. But oh, sad reverse ! awful dilemma! dreadful, fear- ful doom, for all those royal murderers, right-honora- ble robbers, right-reverend impostors, and all their fawning sycophants, cringing votaries and servile ad- herents, who tread in their footsteps— are led by their spirit— obey their treasonable and rebellious laws, and with them have worshipped the beast and his image— the scarlet or bloody colored beast of aposlacy and whore of mystic Babylon, who sitteth upon many waters, inter- preted ill the Revelations of Jesus Christ to John the divine, to be nations of ungodly and deluded people ; of whom, it must be confessed, their most ambitious, bloody-minded, and unprincipled chiefs, have, by fero- cious bravery and murderous valor, obtained to them- selves honor and renown, among infuriated and infatua- ted mortals like themselves ; but no doubt, eternal in- famy and disgrace, among the more artful and intelli- gent demons of wraih ; of whom a pious and justly cel- ebrated English Poet thus writes: — *' Devil with Devil damned^ firm concord hold ; " Men only disagree, of creatures rational.^* In the Revelations of Jesus Christ to St. John the ijivine, tith chap. 15th, 16th and 17th verses, the true state and character of all the warring Kings, chief cap- tains, mighty warriors, bondmen and freemen, of the ungodly, avaricious and revengeful kingdoms of the .9 ■ < "4 the pates 1 and un- ers, and and idol- Lake that second il pomp," aurels of )numents he syco- pular ap- the mise- !d multi- out such (uch gay murder- ankind. ful, fear- -honora- all their rvile ad- by their iws, and age — the whore of •s, inter- John the i people; Tibitious, by fero- to them- infatua- :rnal in- 1 intelli- istly cel- ohn the the true ief cap- , of the of the LETTERS, &c. ., n earth, is described in language sufficient to fill the min'ds ot all sanguinary professors, and all warring rulers and subjects, with lamentation, mourning and woe. The impressive and awfully solemn language of the infalli- ble and eternal Judge of all men, runs thus :— *♦ And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every bond-m^n, and every free-man, hid themselves in the dens andM the rocks of the iflountains ; and said to the mountains and rocks, lyi on us, and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and trom the wrath of the Lamb : for the great day of his wrath IS come ; and who shall be able to stand ?" The disgracefully popular, arid well known distinc- tion made by apostate christians between poliiical and moral right, or in other words, between political expe- dience/ and christian duty, is a distinction dangerous in the extreme-not founded in truth, and of the most per- nicious nnd fatal tendency, both to the peace and hap- piness, the lives and souls of millions of the human tamily. And we are really astonished at our own for- mer blindness and stupidity, in not always seeinar in he clearest manner, this most obvious and self-evident the nature of things, become politically riMit." This axiom, though as clear as the noon-day sun, has never- S IZ ^""r'^V^^*"'^^ by ungodly, timeserving pnests, and crafty, designing politicians-and is still opposed by the vile passions, rooted prejudices, selfi h interests, and avaricious, vindictive and depraved disno- smons of carnal and unholy men " whose affections are set on things beneath,»~who "love the world" and h^ F«;? '' °^ '''"u^"'^^' ^"^ ^^^'•«f«'-« "the Love of uZlu ^^""^S^e »n them"-who are friends to the ungodly customs, laws and usages of a world lyinff in tie to be the enemies ofi&od." ■ , been or".!*!!''"?",'"^^ u" '''* "PPO^W"" "Weh Ims h, T .1 "■: »?,"'"""'gt' «" the logicians on the face of boa.? ^fh'"l ''■"'" "l"'" '°g'« 'he whole world c^n or rf.:r; ^^ u' ""' '°Pl'i^'-fy. •^raft and ingenuity of men or devils to change it;-its nature must of necessity re" 72 LETTERS, Alc. In tho samR— and thouorh sophistical reasonino' and wrpfiuiine arguments should cull it ten thousand different narnes— dress it up in as many different forms, and aive It as many different complexions, still its nature and spirit are unalterably the same. For thonjrh we daily behold the blackest crimes and rm)st degrading vices dressed up in the imposing garb of virtue and piety, while genuine virtue and piety are habited in the horrid and frightful mantle of terror and delusion— the work of the cunning ^rfis/. Yet we matvel not at these coun- terfeit resemblances, being reminded that Satan hath transformed himself into an angel of light, and no mar- vel if his ministers are also transformed (or counterfeit- ed) into ministers of righteousness. These are the clas- sic moral painters, who, though they cannot alter the natureor spirit of any thing,yet can with a little labor and iniienuiv/, ehang^Mhe colors and appearance of almost every thing. They can give to the most fceavenly virtue such an outward form and color as will force the stoutest of aged and learned men to utterly discard and run away from it. While to a vice of the greatest deformity it can pencil out such charming and enticing features 9s will make every child of this world's god, wish to live and die with it. It is certain, my dear friend, that so long as the ma- jority^of the ministers of religion shall pursue this anti- christian line of conduct— flattering the pride and feed- ing the ambition of vindictive, avaricious rulers, and inculcating the anti christian and destructive doctrine, that as kings and magistrates they are not bound to obey the peaceful arid benevolent precepts of the Prince of Peace, but have a right to wage war " for any actual injuries inflicted or about to be inflicted," we may expect that the land will frequently be crimsoned and manured wjth the blood of its inhabitants. For is it not a most l^l|<^ntable fact, that for mfitiy centuries the rulers of christian nations have conduft^ied on the anti-fchrisiian and destructive principle, that askings and magistrates they were not bound to imitate Ahe merciful, bcneval nt aufl forgiving character and disposition of the benelicent Parent and Rider of tlu universe — were not bf>nnd to rule in the fear of God, (the proper Spirit of H^ar sta- tion) and " be therefore merciful, even as our Father who is in heaven is mercifur'—And what has huan ih« letters', &e. 9>0' 78 consequences ? Christendom has been agolgotha — a very field of blood ! Public robbery, pi racy, violence and mur- der, have overspread both sea and land ! ! ! Never, never, did an error more heretical and impious in its nature, or more fatal in its tendeticy, enter the mind of a Mahom- etan, a Pagan, or even a Maniac — nor one that haa ac- tually occasioned more guilt and calamity to the human race. This one practical and murderous error of the heart and life has, in all probability, hurried into eternity i» an unprepared state, nearly as many souls as now exist in all the nations of professed Christendom, almost all bearing the name of Christian ! ! I But why this waste of human blood and human treasure — this destruction, of myriads of immortal and never-dying souls ? Let ug pause a moment, and blushing for human depravity, enquire for what was all this immense sacrifice of hu- man life and human happiness ? For what this wanton destruction of the lives and souls of so many thousands and millions of professed Christians ? Truth- and hon- esty compel us to own the deph»iable and disgraceful fact, * that It was solely to grratify the worst passions of hell — ' the avarice or revenge of misguided or unprin- cipled men' ! ! ! ' ilow shocking then is the thought, that after all the crimes, the desolations and miseries occasioned by this truly blasphemous heresy, it should still be advocated by the majority of the ministers and members of nearly all the professedly godly and reformed churches of Eu- ropean and American Christendom ! ! What is the im- port of the deleterious distinction but this? That the ruler, » as a man,' is bound to be meek, peaceful and forgiving.— but ' as a ruler; he may indulge all the war- ring and iimlevolent passions of Hell ! ' As a man ' lie must be an humble follower of the Messiah, but 'as a ruler or magistrate^ be may be a follower of Mahomet ! Asa man, he must be a child of our Merciful Father in maven, but » as a Magistrate he may be a child of the inly devour? ^ '^''"2^'°"' ^'' about seeking whom he , J*'''i!^.'V'"^t'^«an^<^doteof the gentleman who was both a B.,hop and Duke may a (To ?d a very clear Tnd striking Illustration of the doctrine now under review. • ■ 7 - T4 Thia Bishop LETTERS, &c. id Duke, being one day reproved hy a Jricnd, for immoral conduct, as unbecoming the char- acter of a Bishop, he replied that it was not as the Bishop, but as the Duke and the gentleman that he in- dulgod in these excesses. Alas ! alas ! (said the repro- ver) wb?t will at last become of the Bishop, when the Duke shall be seni to hell for his crimes ! ! If we may judge of the views of professed Christian rulers, by their daily conduct in preparing for, or enga- ging in the savage and murderous business of war with each other, it would be natural to suppose that eleva- tion to office frees them at once from all obligations to regard the plain, positive and unequivocal precepts of Christ, in their official conduct — and that ' as rulers^* they may slaughter men by thousands ; burn, ravage and destroy the properties and lives of their fellow-men and Christian brethren, no matter whether they be in- nocent or guilty, friends or foes, and still be regarded as the real followers of Christ ! ! How very partial and superficial must we consider all these fancied reforma- tions and conversiou»i<7 6e, while such sanguinary and malignant principles are cherished and reduced to prac- tice? Instead of vehemently urging this anti-christiaa and fatal distinction, it should be the aim of every Min- ister of the Prince of Peace, to make the Magistrate fuel that although he is a ruler, he is still but a man — a man who must give account of himself unto God for all his public as well as private conduct ; that as a Christian ruler, he is solemnly bound to act on the meek, peacf^- ful and forgiving principles of the religion he professes; that if he shall fail of obeying the laws and authority of Christ, and displaying the Christian spirit in his offi- cial conduct, he will be as liable to condemnation and the puniahmentdue to incorrigible and refractory rebels against Heaven, as any private Citizen; and that if he indulges the opposite spirit of ambition, avarice and revenge, and wantonly plunges a. nation ihto the crimes and miseries of war ; the blood of murdered mea will cry to God for vengeance against him. Though it must never be forgotten that * everi/ man* shall bear the pun- ishment of his own sins~no ruler on earth being able to redeem -liis subjects, or give to God a ransom for them, and therefore cannot bear the punishment due to their crimes, ^or eternal truth hath declarecl "every man ffi^ I "v^Sf"* ' LETTERS, &c. 75 must render account of himself unto God for all the deedi done in the body, whether they have been good, or wlie- ther they have been evil." With my best wiahes aird most fefvent prayers for the universal reformation of all men, both ruierS aad •ubjects, I remain, Sir, Your's unfeignedly. John Casey. Sir, Blexheim, Dec. 20, 1825. To John Rolph, Esq, M. P, P. Vittoria. As an Agctt for promoting the establishment of «• Peace Societies," in this and in foreign countries, I be^ leave respectfully to address you as an enliglitened Civilian, on the long neglected subject of the Anti-chris- #m» character of war, and its utter incompatibiliry with the Institution of Civilized a^d Christian Government. If there is in the affairs of mortal men, any one thing (says the learned and evangelical Erasmus, nearly 300 years agb,) which it is proper ww/bm/y to explode^ which It is^ incumbent upon every man, by every lawful means, to deprecate and oppose, thai one thing h donbt- less, WAR. There is nothing more clearly proscribed, or more pointedly condemned in the Gospel of Christ tlian war, and every passion and disposition of the heart irom which it can proceed— nothing more unnaturally wicked-^more productive of miser y^more unworthy of man as formed by nature, much more of man oro/cssm^ Chris^ tiamty: yet wonderful to relate, in these times, as well as in forme^ages, war is almost every where and on the slightest pretext undertaken; cruelly and sava^^elv conducted, not only by Mahometans and Infidels, "but ^y ^l^^ons or men professing themselves the followers of r*e Prince of Peace ! / f '^ J kn^wTw '^^ ""'^^ possessing common sense does not tt^l^'^r^l'j !::«.". -iV^ mildest /.m, is cruel and DVinaVnUr' J"rk'"''""^^ suDversive of the fundamental principles ot liberty and social order, (without which cmhzed and Christian government cannit exis" Doel not war (even in its mildest form) bring and retain th^ mass of every community undor the cruel bondage of TO LETTERS, &c. I! i I military dospotlgm ? And are not llio lives and fortunef ol innocent and unoffending railJions, in all such cases, at the will and the sport of their warring tyrants''— n here martial law is proclaimed, we solemnly ask, ♦ is not civil liberty cast down V Does not despotism raise her horrid ensign in its »'n o l And does she not, by her licentious and abund .a^d crimes, fill the dungeons and scaffolds with h« r wh -made victims! ! It is a notorituis fact that war generates a spirit of anarchy and rebellion, which is destructive to liherti/. When the inhabitants of a country arc engaged in the peaceable employments of agriculture. musinfactures and commerce, anarchy awd rebellion seldom occur; and when they do, every honest man will say, the grounds and causes of them were laid and brought forth by tho wretched state to which the preceding wai? had reduced the impoverished and complaining multitude. When useful employments flourish, abundance flows in on ev- ery side — benevolenfe and humanity cast a smile over the land, and pleasure beams in almost every counte- nance. To turn the attention of nations, or the majori- ty of industrious individuals from these peaceable and useful employments to the muidering and destructive bui^incss of war, is surely an evil of the greatest magni- tude. The great object of nations at war, is to rouse up what Ihey style, on all sides, ' the patriotism of the country,' and * national valor,' which is in fact nothing less than raising and inflaming the most hateful and de- structive passions, against their own peace and safety, and lor their own ntulual destruction. Dr. Moore very justly observes, that the greatest part of the standing airaies of the nations of Christendom, no less than the armies of Pagan and Mahometan na- tions, secure the despotism of their warring rulers, whose maintenance is a severe burdf^n upon the countries which support them. The individuals who compose these ar- mies are misnable, by the tj-ranny exercised over tl^m, and are theniheives the cause of tlie greatest misery la their fellow- citizens, by the i vranny they exercise. But it is .Slid * they defend the mtion from- foreign enemie?^ ' AIns ! alas! cotild a foreign conqueror occasion more wretchcdnc'jis than such defenders? When thr who cull themselves ' jMOtectort-' havo stripped me of n- . property and deprived mo of my freedom, x cannot r«- LETTERS, &c. 77 turn them very cordial thiUiks wlien theylouflly boast thai tlitjy will def«iitl me from nil other public robbers ! ! . To Dr. Mo ^re's observations I shall adec. 25, 1825. 1 the Hon, Thomas dark, Me^nbcr of the. Legislative ^ Council of U. Canada, 4«c. Niagara Falls, Though personally unknown to you, I beg leave, as an Agent of a Peace Society, respectfully to address you in vindication of the heaven-born principles of permanent and universal peace, and of the establishment of civil- ized and christian government, upon their basis. With the greatest propriety, every honest mind will say that war is the most desolating scourge and curse that ever irfflicted the apostate nations of the earth.— 1 hat Its abolition is a desirable object ; and that the con- troversies gf rulers, should, wore it jiossible, be setiled on the principles of civihzation, by referring them to a Irtbunal, constituted for that end. But wh^n tv,;^ ;...^ and rational plan, in opposition to brutal combat, is ''se- riously urged by Peace Societies, the advocates for war triitmphantiy exclaim, « What power can such a Tribunal possess to enforce its decisions ?' This objection seems to be regarded by many as sufficient to silence all the intei- 80 LETTERS, &c. ligent advocates for peace Tf i !,«..« r answer can be dvei, af. im.«!! *''^'^^^"^«' « satisfactory ing. *^ ® '"^y "^'*^ «n their way rejoic- jec,i„„, (at least to the sati fact „„„f^''*''"« "*'* »''- quirer after trmli ) ,„7h. h " "'^ *'«'■}' e^nJid en- -1 •""' '"'"1.; in the liile anawer of th» >« what is e-nment, is ^heTefiil'^a Il?;;:;„f "^t'^f 7"^^" have their origin ill the will ,..',i*" -*"."«» "'e laws carried i„,o !1" eitio ' ^ „:,, t T . h' '° ""^^ "* known to prevail in favnrV,*' "^ '. • ' ,^ "'* senl'mpnt eminent. ' A "cl Utu^ on ^iJ:i'::;:i;^,r' '""' ^'''^ m. armed force, is eithei defective i^f '"P*"'" "'^ pie do not justly appreciate these r,|ts 'it ,h'.^ f"' men, expatiated upo,> in the ^^to's anTS .rr"°" ernor's speech, is i,,deed republican B,»„«P «''' cieties are nothing more nor less th«n hi '" P«'"==-' ^o- vowedly pacific assoei..i""„f _"?,"''?"'""''«"' <"«i »" ais; the greater part 7,f whom^'bew",""^};'" '"•''"'^".■ Denominations n Eurmie m,d 4™*^ • *■* P!:"'<='PaI «i.. bedistino.,, aJa7i:i..7'!..tl':roVh7al'.:''th ■;■ atisfactory be gained, vay rejoic- e are liap- ig this ob- 'andid en- Senate of inent and i proceed impulse Republic, eh com- from the t what is 5s in the can gov- he laws they are ^ntiment uod gov- pport of OSes lie- to it ichment he peo- lerefore ley val- n, (the bunded ible ob- a thin^ [)f well govern - le Gov- IC3 So- and a- dividu- ncjpal ope it , that LETTERS, &,e. gi <%form no political «r sectarian party whatever- n„^ therefore cannat in the nature of things, imerfe>e\^h afu^rofJ,":./"™ """""' '" SovernVem wheTh Vo' V-nurch or State, in any nation on earth. And it i^ in strict Consistency w,th this a™«,a|, ih„, „e assert no oier fom of government than the abore namX can «ff rd force of public «pi„i„„, when enlightened by the ' diffii .m„ of nseful knowledge and correct principles ' If7„" the present stale of km-ivledee and virtue rwhi.K reaso„.,„ ,„, hJipels'proTes.iig i . ™o"t of the nations of the earth, notwithstandin. the demor alizmgand baneful influence of the di«bol"cal war ool univeLT'^"""''""""'^') ' ""' •""'ficiarrcommind; ?':r ™a^r::. lis/s:-:;:^ rL'^v r adjustment of national controversies ? ^ '" "'* GospenkhTa , l""""''' 't"' " '""" ^""""^ ''iff-'i"" .f rrh^r^-i^i-vdr^---^ tiaily nece^s'irv tnhll ^'*^^7 .^ discipline, is es.^eu- assumedanthor y wl ilh'^arr'Jl "'"/t'"' (J'^' ">« ^a-'* ineansofinstrri.oiTo ri- /"' '"'■«'' ""™.»-itl„,ut the . vices of tircamwUln!'.™n '""!,'"""« '""^'^'^ «-""' 'li« _ ,• i"*- i-amp, Will natnrallvf.iliow thi.;- ,.i,i *_„ i. unlicensed nirarna m/.^^ i .".' *-»'-•"- wauc as till .hey ftnS Swire C',™'':;-^, -"^ "-derers. gal!i,w9. ' '^' '" ="""' s-|)rison oi the But notwithstanding the popularity and destroying i„. m i I.ETTERS, &c. mean, which are ^ t . ''oV/S ""' ,r'""""''"*"S w..rU, w« n.ay presume .haTma" y yea « "rr/r "" quis.te to convince lh« intelliffem nf fi i- ; ' "^ "■ tlu.. the principle- of S«„"L an, 7 i *""""""='• preferable to the barbar^uf prtciXl oTw"""?"' "u™ aj^justrnent of differences, and ha th» f "■■' ^"^ *''* plicable to „«t««„ and r»i'r^, IsVuJZ""" .f* ""- c.ene.a„d prime iiidividual// When „„h.™ l" "" sh«n have been enlightened on this Tuh?-^ sentiment be no ihore neces«arv ,„ .«B, j subject, armies w ed Tribunal of nafioL thai fhev" ''*"""' "^ ""* P'"?"- to a decision ot Z^l ^ ?."" "'^ »" «*"« effect States. ** Supreme Court of the United slmll he ii favor of tr.fn, •'','" '"/" "' P""'"" "Pini"" ereneo to tl e orinr Inl. PJ"""P'e« of civilization, in pref- t. ke that course ^uL".;""' ,,' ^^'"T^ P^^""'' """'t miti tl.«are mutua^J/ "^i' "^ ^'"''J^ts. must sub- their r-ibiects sho„U >.- ' ■ "''.gene'-al opinion of arm , wll 1 1- ■ "ga'nst the brutal appeal to Sl,?^f .P"^'""'^"'''" shall have been dSlyen- iigJitw* ed, ihat niler who will nnt c».k««:* ^ ^uesOoFi to a Tribunal l.Ti - . '* * controverted fui Lfno*; i?v''r L'"!,''*^" '" '"T^ "f ^^'' -^ '— filled the":s'^;i.i^::/rd;rst',^' '^t- if opinion is liable to be chancm J t. I u ."' P"^^'^ II ahoinina- 'Umulaling ainate the not be re- countries, nation, are r, for the iv are ap- naller so- sentiment rinies will lie propos- ?ive effect «e United 3urce and ic opinion n, in pref- er,' must nust sub- ther, and minion of appeal to duly en- troverted :o expose ^ar, will n. Like ties, and ', as law- »gs, and It public inged in i multi- ished. — 'nt, has e it was chanjQ^es it first etained tienjori- uige in LETTERS, &c, «, public sentjment, can thus i»npri,o*« i law., oil en enforce o"c Xcht h" "'"""' °"' "»«' and as i, can enforce hZlnXtl\^T'""' ""'' "if"' to humane compacts and decisfor; 4^,"""/"'« *«■"« »ueh a Tribunal as has been of en ^r. '^*'^?''* "■»"'<' ?ed by acompact bet,reer.he r2rr„fTff'* "^ "'S""'- it w stand in no nei-d «f .. ■ different nations, An enlightened pubrc.emirmln"'.*"'/'"'^'' "' "«"■"«• finitely preferable to a| XmiUt ' 'InH'''''*'',*'" ^ '"• ments in the uniyerse. """""^y and naval establish- ^e may add, what we rerily believe to h» . the expense of the militn™ JLT . "^ "■"«' ''at ofChristendom,foras„Zr» T°, .e»*«''li'l>n,eut, ed, would be suffident t . m ^ ' ''JV'''"'''"'»'y e-np'ny- to obtain a gentl'::^^. "or^^rn'st ^1: 'A '" "J I am, Sir, with great respect, your'., &c. John Casey. Sn7:cr;e?Ha'itt;f^-^^^^^ it. inapplicabili y ^r,he ~rH"''"'8.^"'«^"g"e society in the naUons a. Ia,^ge <''""»'-»''=«' "'"•"«<' imo op fiance to peace-oXefs "7r,7'''™''r '"<'»" ^id de- mandates.' """^'S-and refuse submission to their "ima:;':^rc!rb':a^rd'^^^^^^^^^^^ |ng armies and navies, XtCt " ir.t."""'-' «?-"- "«u iuo iiiiiii^pg Qf , . - "Y^^i- ctiiu sailors, by their vices, the prC X„X''',''°'''.'=°"'«'""'«'ed for moral improvemenraiil °m ?*' •"'P'"'"' •"««», general s.ate^., so^trrlS^; „t? .'l':'-';: S4 LETTERS, &c. -under the influenoe of sannr.ijnary principles and pre- judices in favor of brutal combat., ferocious bravery and bloody appeals to the murderous decisions of dead- Jy weapons of savage warfare-encouraged, supported and applauded by warmakinor rulers, and the custom of war as juKt and honorable Tribunals for christian ll;itions. .,^^^^Tx^ Society ever yet denied that in the present state of things, while mne-teiiths of the people who have been bred up in a fall belief of the lawfulness and propriety of war and bloodshed, are still unenlightened and unrelormed, ^eriou8 difficulties might arise ih con- ducting the civil authonty: when there is scarcely a t xvD, hamlet, or neighborhood but what has men it wlia have been soldiers, loaded (as before expressed,) with the vices of the camp— inured to rapine, plunder, and murder even of innocent inhabitants, whose only offence was their hapjiening to live in a country which their ru- lers were pleased to name an enemie*.4 country.* Wherefore, the above objection is founded on similar principles to the old stale objection against the emanci- pation of Negro slaves forty years ago, in Great Britain and the United Stales, and is still held u^ as a popular objection in the Southern States, viz: "That such a numerous body of low, vulgar, untutored race of mor- tals, let loose atonceiipon society, would he extremely hazardous ; e-^pecially as many of them were filled with revenge, goaded up to its highest pitch by the cruelty of their loidly musters, still fresh in their remem- brance.'^ But notwithstanding the present demoralized state of society in the nations at large, we look forward in joyful anticipation of a ban- pily improved and joyfully pacific state of society, the world over. While in humble dependence upon the word and promise of the in- fallible and Omnipotent Prince of Peace, whohath pronounced the peace-making labor, one oHhe eight bmtitudcs, in his incomparable and Dmnc Sermo.i on the Mount, Mat. 6. 9. and testified by his Gospel Prophet, Isaiah 32. 17 " The work of righteousness shall be peace, and the effects of righteousness, quietgess and assurance for ever. And further assures us by his servant James, " The fruits of righteousness are sown in peace, by them that make peace;" James h ,, " imperatively commands, " Follow peace with all men ;*•• • ■;: ll '-;•";-■"" "•"«^« »" «'an snail see ilie Lord; ' Hth. 12. 14. Peace Societies not only pray for, believe in, and anticipate the abolition of WHr with all its black progeny of concc-mitant cngies, and the establishment of universal peace, upon the b^sis of Bs nnd prci is bravery »8 of dead- supported he custom ' christian le present Jople who jiness and liigbtened 36 in con- Bcarcely a len it who ied,) witli der, and ly offence 1 their ru- r # • n similar J emanci- it Britain I popular It such a of mor- xtremely lied with e cruelty remem- society in nof abap- 'orld over. of the in- Linced the )mpaiable 3d by his ss shall be irarice for (* fruits of e;" James 3 all men, Heb. 12. anticipate ic(»mjtant le b(isis of LETTERS, &e. gj The objection is founded oh premises never adont.J ora„,.«, .,d by enlightened pl,il«„,hr„p?sTs in Xr case-In the latter case the friends of Negro etnanc? pa..o» as a first preparatory step, obtained °n answer to the.r memorials both in the Congress of the Unlrt States and m the British Parliamfnt, the aboliurof Iil1.?r'"1" ''"'" '?•''•, ^*^' ■' ^"^ "ovod .n the Le- t^hat r„n T " '""'!'" •'"' S""*""' emancipation of hat people. It met with violent opposition. The«e col- ^s>„ns brought the subject beford the public mml-!! morns became diffused, and led into more or le" disc,^ smn .„ e,ery little circle of acquaintance. Here; s°^ by step the important object became matured. Eren In he sable band of the cruelly enslaved Africans, a Iheer- .ng hope succeeded to that of a sullen desponding and fel S'asedfn'".!- '^'"' '""'"' "' *" ^'-e trade\b:i1tion increased in the same proportion that enlightened men uZZln '^ "P"" '"/"'"" "•""' voiceof reason, jus" facts rflil"'^; ""^ '" melancholy, incontrovertible war tLt JT."'"'' 7«!',».'"'™d that the friends of the of,h,, '*'"''"]""' ("'hid, is unquestionably the pareni cr«i„P " ■"■''•'** "'"* "" """"■ ahomi'-ations,) wTI" n,.d h. ."^ '" "'* '"""' Pfopofion that en ighten"d an '^' """ ""' ^he promotion of bv thJ^LiJ,! A^ dead (aith, which must always be overcome thetarb,rnl:e"S/fo?thZ^ npss «n„- V . S *°"" t"® peaceab e fru ts of riffhtpnii« bound plT,:^^'".^^,?^°'-^^^"g^''<^«''-«fo™«tionOb^^^^ And we a fwen X„^ded hat if Tr'^', '''' completion of both- kind would mpVif^^ ".^'^^ "''^"'^ and teachers of man- for he instnirfinn u f .• -^ ^^-^ «7?3.o«s subjerr non under consideration A fd L Ti!"" present case, everv man tKof "*''**"o"' And as in the openly a.p^^ Z'S prlLip'C Ir.rr '""'l '"'•«' boldly and undisgnUedly "^Toa ,' .hi »? *'<'^P*'-««' and Kingdom of tie PriLe of Peace n^'V'""' """^o eneouutor the scffi, ,«„„„ and S.ro?thTr" '" JHO und bewildered votaries of wir ^S„ ^ '"""u'" f«rn«,r, as .nany aged men of veracky at iiTdV """ testi/y, that about forty years a«''. and the aboye objection strong yulf "'"''"«'?'"'»»• Now slave lioldiue and slave H^?li„„ ■. k .he firmer fers"arro^trib™KfAT;tir Janthropists of every nam„ m«. ?"5«.„. J Ar..""* P*"- Janthropists of every name mayjoyTlly ado;;t",he L^h^' IB app ying to that subject-" WAat ce, that thnn Hpi1«o* ^«.^ ^i. tt . .rd^;'';rirnr:;rei;:s';:i:?^^^^^^^^^^ revenge-Satan's strong holds wHl ,,0^/1 '*'^? without a Jon, and laborious sTe.e Their obtctt'bv spreading and disseminating the hnlv ! Vi? i' ^^ nnually, peace on earth and good will to men ' to dif fuse .„ salutary and benign .ul.ence among a^ cLts of m.„ ; so that step by step, as the popular deo^o^of the sana_u,„ary war spirit, wW.h breathes out s a,X„ and oea h, violation and murder, comes to be seen fn 1..S true light by mankind in general, and by Lee'sLtive and executive bodies, thrones and dominions in nartcu poor, i, win graduaMy do^^^y VhT ;rsers;;^irry ...:.s .,„d p,,„ciple. of ...vengi and bloodsI.ed.^Tt^ J first, by multiplying peace characters among all raX 'ty and mo- ^nd as in the 'd forth and Gospel — to >rious cause t expect to the sangui- t was in the us day can nild hardly eontemned, ancipation^ ^y popular enlightea- sunk into erica, that id the phi- t the scrip- — " What ou Jordan ^ the most Societies, I be effec- ire of the ', pensions d bJoody bandoned ect is, by 3nevoient ithe con- i,' to dif- II classes lusion of langliter seen in gislative particu- in hand tich and iguinary It will H ranks LETTERS, &e. §7 and classes of men, especially among the truly reformed churches of Christ, bring a vast accession of strength both to the Peace Societies already formed, and to hun- dreds which we doubt not will yet he formed, in the dif- - lerent nations of the globe, until ' «Ae earth shall be fil- kd mththe knowledge of the Lord, as the waters filUhe seas. Then of a truth the difficulties, which in the pre- sent warring and uncivilized state of the world appear Jike mountains, will become less than mole hilia—and people of every class, looking back to the iron, vet en- Jightened age in which we live, will wonder that any should ever have thought of the above objection, which IS now so warmly contended for. It will then be seen that the above objections in favor pt slave holding, and the trade of war, are founded on just as good and sound reasoning as might with equal torce be raised against the husbandman for prepar.ng his tallow-ground in summer, and his seed in autumn-^ because ifhis wheat becomes matured in winter, ihe cold northerly blasts and the ponderous Know falls would sink It to the eartw, and he would consequently lose his labor, a«d in the end die of famine. And therefore m- n,v 1? ?" f ?^^ ^'^"^ ''^ procuring the spontaneous pioductions of the uncultivated earth, and the prpcari- birof':h:tei^-^^« '' ''' ^'--' --=^ ^- -^ But do not the supporters of the above popular ob- jection entirely overlook wimt is the general behef of (the Popish not excepted,) viz. " t/w.t a time wmassuretllv ^me whin the mtwns of ihe earth shall not so much as karn ZlTl"'"'t A-f'" "r"' '■"''' » ='■"« '' to '='>'"e, we M eTfo. : ' f'^A^T "'^ P''"P''*'^ °f «"d- J^ai^h and pesent glor.ou, gospel dispensation .,f life and peace ? in the IffiL'^f ■■ "^ "'" """""^ scriptures must answer ff"andaflT ' ""' ?""'" ««'«™»ly "^k. how ia ,hi, grand and glorious work to be brought about but by Iho Tdi/1 T" ""It "■" g^''»«'"« providence of (ioT: ana it so, it must, lito oii ^♦u^ -1 _ • . _ . nJniT T«i.,> * .1 '• '"".' "" "'"*"^' "•.i.ii^-, nave its iieiin- « ^ume^ nf ":. """ "■^'^"''""S to the notions and ble tor the world to be in such a state-ihat there would if 88 LETTERS, &c. fcrrv^nTt t:^-:^[ '- ^r -^ .^c k'nd can never be broultlr '*"»••»• 'hat all man- doctrine of forbearance and „ "™"-"'"' '^''^^ >" 'he «Jtrceh.ent for the abolttio^tf ""''*""»"<'*• •"• '» «n "'ent of universal peace' But T'', "",'' '•«' "^'"''li.l" '"Oily and Eternal trmh hn!h/,'^ '^ "*« «"<< "f E- of war may safely rely on hi, im„ ""^"''eving votaries •>"■« Iheir torme.;.in/a°d en,r.r'? '" *""'• »'"' '»»- »•' icM assnreri that he ^^Uo ^n /fT.-""'^ ""^ «'- •»"">h of the Lord of 1,1,8 hT.th « r**"''"* "''at the not-xpec. ,„ receive h ' ht e In^ "^" ""'""'"' """■ aod tiius, therefore be left ,' ,V ""* ''"' ^onfirnrntion, '""^ I am! eir, °""* "^ *"' "''" ""''«■ your's respectfully, John Caset. ro the Hon. William Dichon^TT":^^^- *' ^^■ thf w^fu^t^rv/pS:::: f;:',rr '-t'-^ .«.» tha„ lishment of universal rill ""ankind, m the es.ab- the liberty of aSs u^'y'^ri' e'r T"'" ' ''"S man, uDon the lono- ne„l. , j ,■ ^^''^''tened States" Christian governmem ^^'*"''' *"''•'«'=' <"■ <=i"'i^ed and into '".' nrrsl."'v;:er ^'i v^l^f"' ? ^«' ^'"'^ •" -'" Pact.is a most laiLentableVr, f"^"' «"<• «'i?i"us com- di'-'ive characteTof al tie LTr'''';.' T'"-"""-'""' ^i"- c'enrly manifest.. For alas I? t"?*"* ""'•"'• '"«''«» taken the first step toClVget/arer''"* '"" ^''' have not yet ceased to do evn^m^.h ^ T ""' ^''"^ "•••II; they are so far from LT l "r' '*""'«'< '"do d«-omini. Prince of Pea "„f,tV"^ '"'"''"'' '"' '^e re- noss, that they havenoty.!,' hro' hr/".".""' "S'-'^'-s- repentt-nce. . B,.t this is";:, tT'lt'L^-'^ "-'.'•- "".i-tuon ag«,nsi the benevolent «^" 7"'"^ "reasonable / V ne iuve ol Christ constraining them) ■ -^*3Sfe3S^SilBB?TT~ ihey also add '^«t all man- belief in the ce» or to an ^o establish- e God of E- contrary hy 'ing votaries fd, and dis- they may al- e what the tJoken, can- »nfirniation, 3 own unbe- 'ly, i Casey. 4, 1826. legislative Jess than iie psfab- '. 1 be^ d Stares- ized and to enter >us com- mand vin- > makes not yet J- They ri to do the re- hteous- leet for ionable ice So- pm un- them) LETTERS, &c. ^ of unitinflf individual effort for public benefif ami ^r operat,ng together hke true I eavenSn luul" .nf '"*' ver.ng frtends, and faithful coadjutor" i m nene" of s"?' havlr^''';?"^ "'"'^.' '" ^»^- ^-d-hkelaW o lt^ ": having no (>..ht,cal sectarian or sinister object in v^e^;' but the promotion of U.e hignest, and chufL, and be!t derous war any more, it must „f necessity preclude thp present united exertions of Peace Sociitil. »h laudably endeavoring, under tl.e God of Peice "o^ef feo^th.s most desirable and happy change. ' '" *'^' But m this eventful period and enlightened asre of I,. ."orir;d""r''7'"" chnstiani.; 'r;r,fw;7„ ; the mor^l J" '""'' '°"*'*"""' •"»»« done more towardg the moral advancement aa.l happiness of mankind in b. fi l"""'/ ''*"'■'• ""'" '" «"y "^" centuries befiKe ie her" e'sfmr"."' T""''^^ "'' «^'' «"' P- «int o^ «^o:rf\h'^!fve?trr;„ I'zz: !7^y evil, both physical and moral,«p«„ the face of theT r h? are we st.llto be told from the pulpit and The press I' en.'aL?,'"",'""''"'" "'^ '""" "' ^'sinning ,^1.:.;;'^ :'M^n.;z;^;ir:rtt:^ir:-jf^'^^''''^ honesuy answer for them, ne.er. T^'Z..!:.:^ 8* 90 I^f^TTERS, \fec. we ore however sHii ^ t.c.0,,, of war, a, i, is*f°u„d in'^?,'"''?'..?"*"' '""' P"li- arro^aot aweriions: " lI'aM '",'/'* '^""""''ng bold and abolished, (sa^ th.y) ,l,e e ^o^u 'r^ 'T*' ''"^ «o be awless and disobedient tv„?.u-'- ""'' •""""sionr Tlie ■'ary power wa, laid " s/d" hrr^" '" '""'' ""« "" "' ! d^r will, impunity. rT'l ?^ T^'" '"^ ""d m"r. ll'ere could be .,ogo~Z, T, "'''"««. (^aj tbey) ng- And 80 according to ihe r . i • • ""''^ ^^ "» 'iv- we are to see robbery f„di„ 5 «'pliistical reasoning PU" .^,' when (acc„';^,i''"',r,[^;'-.f7"»if'ed with 7.1 val>) 'th, nations of tht ^Jth \l ,'^T'"^*">"» "f Jeho- M « are .„ see ' ti.e nni'ersil sn *"? ^T" """■ »" •»'»er ft^-on, during the re,gn of „niC"f ,"' "'""'"'y «"d «"«■ r'lieii the soldiers of war • ,*?« / '.'*""=* "" "•« earth .'«o p/„„^A shares. anriVheit" ■ *'""" "'"'• « And worst of all, we musTthenT» »"» .i"™.^ A»«for "criptural reasoning) be com m ^f "'"I'd'"? to their «n- ernment or law.' lid how i^ 1"'/" "'« ' ''"»'»•" g«"- '«'.»'' It i,to be brought „h. "'I.' '" ^' bfoughfa. priests and Politicians asfult'lA'"""'! sanguinary •he kingdoms of this world shnllT '""• *'"" whenever of our Lord and of his Ph ""'"? "'« Kingdoms words, become Chri^Uan kf, a^"'\ °'' '" oloin"' h condemn t.«r, as a" i^f^Tl'^ ""'' ""a-imo"." ">an. barbarous .avage.dkboKcnV"'' ;'"'""•"«'• i«hu- fession-then as therf ioufd he '' '".^ '""'•derous pro- impossible to support by any mh,"" '"''''*"• " *°"'d be magistracy or eiyilized goyefn ' ' '^ ""nT' »" ^Ae^'ive be then no soldiers, accorZ?,"*?'' ■?■ ''^ 'bere would entertain of soldie'r, and thf ir fc ?rf " "'''•='' '^« ""-^ can be no doubt; b„, where did ,?lT •"de, there tcrs of ,yar, collect, e«Z from /r""''*" ""«» ^'i- .maginations, certainly noffrom «„ a' """ '"""^ed b> Peace Socie.ies, that if na[rolr^ ^ ™"" P-blished bnlished, and proper meal?. » T" "■"« '» be a- provement an/christiaSion ,ff » '^ """' '«- demoralized classes of men tl,a^ ^" *''* "'"ous and cient force f„„„d ,„ ais"!":..'*!."'""' »"»"d be no effi- aoera ! What should hindir hL*" 7""*"' "gainst eyil •r«a„,.ed a„dl.ep. uyTLu'Z "iiTJl^T "^^"^ «-"" civn magistrate' on 1 at the ridicu- *e8t8 and poll- ing bold and er were to be 'g to prevent /usion. Tiie r that all mii- foband mur- » (say they) rnnient there lid be no Jiv- ' reasoning, ed with ini. ms of Jeho- 'f no moreT 'jyandcon- n the earth, Jieir swords nng hooks!* o their im- ithout goy- brought a- 'anguinary '■ whenever Kingdoms n p/oiner tianiinous- »al, inhu- iroiis pro- wouid be ' effective le wonJd > we now tie, there and wri- •nflaiiied ubli.».hed to be a- »ral im- ous and no effi- nst evil • being rate' on I lETTERS, & ""e 181 relusiag to imitate those blood-thirst;^ gods, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) !.0 !f:«- IM I.I 1^ \^ m 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 M 6" — ^ V] m 'm ^^- m. M 0> Photographic Sciences Corporation % v cF :\ \ 6^ % ^^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 873-4503 '«^. ^1 09 tETTERS, &c. ... .he c„»™a„d trS r:L7:na t "l" '/"""'" ^■"'«' laws "f the state. For bv »..'„ "''edience t.. the enoiiuities ordered 1 Bv rh. T- v ''•'■* "•««* trnff.oal *e.-e .hey p„t i„ execuLn . BvX^wT" ""J '''"•» whom were the sold.ers paid ? l^ly "fr*- ^"" "y biy P«.d o„, of „,e trib„re.™o„ey o^f the Cer;'*""'""- '-'I the same <;nr.CiicH»oi i j -^ "^ l^esars. the fearful and u^leSL":,'"^' |"« '"•>- arKU„„„„ „f trumpet forth from therh, , » *f,"''^ ""• "'"'='' .'-ey • by they endeavo ^d to m ede h? "' "'" P'"'' "'"'^«- .o fi .ghten us on the false no. m, Vh .*'''/"""'»>.> ! H.,d no longer lawful .„ • „„' X ' ■ fl' T*'*" " ''*"'"'•' ^e weapons,' it would be no I.. *■■ ".*,'''• ' "'"• «»««! They rack their brai„rfi>r^*'' ^'"^''' '° P"'"''' <="»«• wit'x end in im oiou.K ',, '""en.'on, and go to their <»•»». They arrotamlv^^ '" "'^ *'""' '""^d founda- wsr, synonymous Zi /A ""^i '2 "«''* 'be »»orrf < A,«,;tle Pm/un i'strrd "■^•'■!f ''■"•• "'"'^'"" "'« used it (as before expressed"' » f"'"''*' ,"" ">'' """^^i"". emblem of punishment i„ ■ h ™^'" '*"*'' ""'^ a^ »« wi.h which Wew he C; i? ,',f "^r "'' *'" ^"^.-^ ! the ccihnsr of every hZ bave^heen suspended at .empt to .owLre onrf r"" 1^"'"'^'^ ••"^"'"'- They at- every moralSlTwf '"'!'• "I '"^".".i"" fi-H »f comparison be ten theTwo "'m ^■".''' ''''"*" ""' J"». e.nmen.. has a virlLns i^ *f "8^'"™"? "f ejvil gov- «"«!. War, on Ihe „Zr b ^'i'' *"'^ "" ordinance of batefulanddestrilnX^ts whic'hr '""T "'^ """* of cnrnal and unholy me„' «""„; 7 ^ '" ""* "'^"'bers dained hy God for-ood^- i. "'^*!'"''«'=^' »g«in, was or- I»ws of civilized soc«: e P^'^^es and enforces the r.oH order. ,;::ce:r„n;;;j„ ,« "--" P-poses of bnnd, ,s an ordinance of sinful and ril. '.• ^^ """"■ sr,rdi:z:i:^v„/r'T„:l^;rc^^^^^ vi...e„ce.bioodsi'errd;;: r r;,^L"„^' '^^^-y c/, again, bj' ]»uiiisliii)o- vice nnrTvJ^T T" • ""■'if'st»'a- evil doers. War, on tUm^' r hi f "'•'^' 'sa terror to ' ^" '***' ''^ -^ ^a«^» « a terror to those lers for re- athen gods, ence to the se trn^ical By wliom Ami by iqnestiona- ars. utnonts of vliich they ;Ss, where- t''e pure 3ii>; aud should be Ih carnal ish crime. to their ary insti- ^ foundo' sword of Teas the •ccasion, ^iyasan doers ; nded at ''»ey at- custom, 1 full of he just il gor- ince of ' niost mi hers vas Or- es the ses of other >rtals, 's nor hery, istra- •or to those LETTERS, &c. 98 who do well, by confounding in its ravages and its pun- ishment, both the innocent and the guilty. It evidently appears, then, if we review the popular but futile arguments of war-makers and their advocates, to^rether with the replies contained in this and the two preceding Letters, and bring them into a 8hj)rt compass, that the supporters of war, by anticipating an eftVct never likely to be realised, and nexer contemplaed b any but themselves, viz. that robbery and murder,»n- arrhv and confusion, would ntulk abroad with impunity, if the armies of the earth should, from a heart-felt convic- tion of duty to their God and their fellow-men, beat their swords into plough-shares and their spears into pruniug ho(ks,antl nation no longer lift up sword against nation ; nt irher learn war any more— there would be then, (ji! their estimation,) no effective magistracy, govern- "'!'"' \"* 'aw; and by cnnfotinding the military profession witk civilized government^ aud trying to identify them, as ij they were one and the same thing, or inseparably linked together, and therefore from one and the same sacred source, have attempted to mislead the public mind, to the mani^ fest prejudice of the Peace Societies already formed, and oj llioae which are still forming in different quarters of the globe. Therefore no iinparlially h«)ne8t man rnn be of- fended at our franUn«^ss, in openly declaring that the cause of peace, wiiich is so obviously the cause of God, requires our best endeav(»rs for its universal spread, and that the solemn and imperative calls of duty, demand these public replies, for the information offnany well mi^aning people, who may be imposed upon by the fair speeches of the popular writers and preacher's of war, aud by the cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to tieceive. With sentiments of high respect for all civil institutioniB and civil authorities, in all the nations of the earth, ^Believe me, honored Sir, a true friend and sinc're well wisher to all the human species, John Caset. 04 LETTERS, &c. ^ To Jam., Wilson, E^^'mTp'hI^' '^«- fessors a. lens,) 1 "annofd!!^'"' <""""•« ^''"'"''■' P™" w».oledemoli«,edrA.lsToft,";i; T" '"' ^ ^** "«' peJ ar,r„me„t in i„ ftvor shall ~m, "" '"PP"'<"' K™" unrefuted, wliile snrh - „! ""'" ""anawered or a" tha peko:!tkr;^:,tr:r.hrL..:\'''°'"r'^ "• every soul of man may ber7me an lf„„ ""]' """^ "''«" instrument in the hoW «^T^ an honored and happy jnaking. and" re:e^v?fro"m Chri::^""' er' "(•*'**'««- W.n? and endearing appellor ^.T'^^fe'l;; anreLrn'eT,™;::^^^^^^^^^^ amazed at the blindnlH j P. ' ""* "<"'e we are the astonilh Lg Xr4v"iich ",'r^ "' "^ ^""'"^' »»<" rational and IcZntah^ u^"'' " 'i"' «'^'1"'™<' among the ShepherdsfTe^erer %'rif:i;r!"- itX'^ T °"^ »ot avoid Cwfnr'lh'f''"*'^"'' '■'' ""derstanding, can- But notwithstandinetZtrmh »,?'!''•"''«'"■' « «"• ful fact, confirmed ?o„t„," ^ ee«a.nty of this wo- vincem;„, ; thrsVu^ L^TyZ" sts rd"''' .'?"''• «<"" war, with passionate zeal n~lf u^ politicians of and destructive doc rinoof ?»^- ."'' "•* "asphemous dience to all the laws"? the la? l"'' T'?'""'""'' "I"- higher powers.' Fa?selv andTm;"'1 *"'""'"'^ '''" ' ^e ery nation, and under^eve ' X"nter'7'"« '" *^- JiowcontradiotorvthBii.!-...™^ 1. "'• ("" matter .0 th. law, of G^d "tC ^ iX 'arsirflhrl"'*""" founded upon the laws of God ' lt7w ,, ■""' are true, it would certainly ustfft .hi. 'f ""^^J""'" «"e obedience to all those laws 2^ i """".* "^ '"'?"«" unaltered. But asreJrm'a„'-n'^f5„r..i''!^/-''"-«« one passage rraTe:;^;S.rbe7^S; larrrr^ |0, 1826. loweL e the main istiaii pro- I see the ►posed gos- Hwered or omised to and when nd happy of Peace- iips, the hildren of 5 fortress, e we are aries and d among y among nd» pro- nenis.* — ngi can- lisealled e totallj human- 1 at all. this wo- I's con- :ians of hemous lal obe- of * the fin ev- matter r ; and D(i are n were nplicit naiiied •e con- d con- mned. niued, LETTERS, &c. 95 which, in the opinion of the advocates for war, must condemn the principles of all Peace Societies and Pac cific Denominations in the world : which passage, for their gratification, I shall transcribe verbatim. It is found recorded in Paul's Epistle to Titus, 3d c. 1st v ahd reads thus :— • Put them in mind to be subject to prirC- ctpabttes and powers, to obey magistrates, and to bereadu to evert/ good work.' Now can any rational being believe that the inspired Apostle, who himself suffered stripes, imprisonment, torture, and an ignominious death, for refusing active obedience to the Magistrates at Rome, intended this passage, with others of the like import, should be considered as giving virtual authority to Chris- tian subjects to violate the laws and authority of Christ With impunity.in any case whatever ! By ' being subject to principalities and powers, obeying magistrates, and being readv to every good work, ' Or that the Almighty Ku er of the Universe ever delegated magistrates with authority to demand obadience of su^j«cts in any one thing which himself has forbidden to every man upon the face of the earth ? Can any man think that disobeying the peaceful and forgiving commands of Christ, by obey- ing the warring and vindictive commands of ambitious, blood thirsty rulers, is any part of the good work which fet. Paul wished his Christian brethren to be ever readv Hr\ A%^'. ^' ^"^ .P^Si ^^ ^^^^ subjection which hi exhorted Titus to put the Christians in mind of, yielding to principalities and to powers ? -^ s The same Apostle commands children to obey their parents, and servants their masters in all thinffs. And also commands wives to obey their husbands^yea, * as the church is subject unto Christ, even so let wives be subject unto their husbands in every thing.' Yet where is the parent, master, or husband so devoid of reason as to imagine St Paul as giving him unlimited authority over his chddren, servants and wife, and requiring chil- dren, servants and wives to yield implicit, uncondi- T?i ''^f^'?"*^« ^« their parents, masters and husbands, whether their commands were in subordination to. or in opposition asrainst thA siini.<>».» j_ _i. .1. /. «ighty Parent, Master, and Husband, who is in Hea- ven ] feurely none but tyrants and heaven-daring rebels could imagine that the Spirit of God, speaking by the mouth of St. Paul in these instructive passages, had giv. 96 LETTERS, &c. en parents, masters and husbands authority to « exalt th.m«e ves anove all that is called God," i^, requfrml the.r ch.ldren. servants and wives to obe; tl e r uTwtb! fi» and treasonable commands, when by^o X,n! tlev must disobey the sovereij^n commands of therParen^ and Master, who is in Heaven ! '®"^ Thus saith St. Paul, in his Epistle to the CoIossifln« 3d chapter and 20th verse : ^ Children obey you ;ae"^^^^ n all things, for this is well pleasinir to the LnrH ' ! i in the22d verse, • Servants obey inll li„' s /^'^ ±"^ ters according to the flesh.' And in h Epi/tlTto ti.e Ephes.ans, 5th chapter, 23d and 24th verses L. mands : » Wives submit yourselves unto yTr' own huT bands, as unto the Lord. For the husbanS i tL head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the Church therefore as the Church is subjectunto C^ri , even ott' the wives be unto their own husbands,in everv thin. " B^^^ notwithstanding the gratification which a sh^ilafinjunc tion addressed to subjects, to obey their rulers iiaU things, or .n every thing, (as in the case of children ser vants and wives,) would afford to the zealous and pio'i, vTnTe'nfp"'' ' ""* '"™P^"«^ '^ ««^' neither^ Z Prince of Peace nor anyone of his Apostles; nor any one of the primitive fathers of the Church, has left "n my power to furnish a single passage. If such an i , such a handle of pleasure ; neither any part of the aid t'h7r;i''^R'rt "'*'''' '^Pr^'' application could afford them. But there cannot be found a similar injunction to subjects, in any part of the New-Testamen . And even If ^e could find such an injunction to subjects, as we find given to children, servants and wives, where is the advocate for war to be found, who is so weak minded and inconsiderate as to stand fonh and argue that chil- dren and servants are bound by the Apostolic injunction to obey their parents and masters in any of tliose thin.rg expressly forbidden by the authority of their Divine Pa- rent and Master, who is in Heaven 1 Who does rot know that rulers have frequently puni.hed children and servants for obeying their parents and masters, even when commanded hv th«.r, f« A.. ^ .i.:.- ' . . ' I ^A /-Ti ••' V '." '" '3"»ic iiuiii^s exprestiiy enirMn- ed upon Christ's followers as Christian duties ! But which the higher powers' of the earth assumed a right to punish as crimes, because contrary to their popular LETTERS, &e. ^ 7 to " exalt in requiring leir unlawful doinjr they heir Parent CoIosFJans, our parents 'ord.' And your mas- istle to the '» he com- r own hui- 3 the head B Cinirch: even so Jet ling.' But lar injunc- lers in all ildren, ser- and pious either the I ; nor any as left in ch an in- leny them >f the aid lid aff.»rd njunction nt. And hjects, as where is k minded hat chil- ^junction se thin«;8 ivine Pa- does fOt dren and ^en when y enjoin- m ! But d a right popular and canonically orthodox ojunions of relig^ion, estab- lished by iniquitous laws, and supported by the sword of steel! And is it not as well known that wicked parents and masters have frequently commanded their children and servants to do many things expressly ftnbidden by tlie laws both of God and man ! And notwithstanding Paul commanded them to obey their parents and mas- ters 'in all things;' yet it is well known, their rulers ac- tually punished them with transportation or death, for perpetrating those deeds in obedience to their own pa- rents and masters ! ' True, say the war-making rulers and their advocates ; but these children and servants vi- olated the laws of the land, and the authority of the higher powers, and so were evidently guilty in the eye of the law. And notwithstanding the Apostle's command to obey their parents and masters in all things ; they well knew (or might easily have known,) that it was a crime to obey them in any of those things which would involve a transgression of a national, general, and established law, and disobedience to the higher ru- ling powers of the land. And as no authority of an in- ferior.or subordinate power can shield transgressors from the penalty of a general and superior law and its execu- hve superior authority, so the condemnation of those children and servants to transportation or death, for crimes against superior and national authority, should be considered as legally right and just.' Now admit this reasoning to be well founded,and will It not m yet stronger terms condemn the anti-christiun and destructive doctrine of implicit obedience to inferi- or earthly rulers, which under the present existing, mil- itary, despotic and barbarous laws of war, must always involve disobedience to, and rebellion against the su- preme authority of the Prince of Peace— and the most arrogant infringement on the inanitely superior laws and claims of his gospel. Can it then be improper for people of every class, and of every country, to attend to the following inqui- pie^.— ' Js It reasonable to suppose that the rulers f one na* s to make > than he ions, and Br? And w to obey tter case ; 3 it would to expose 1 than to • has re- ings just bey their an Apo8- le Lord.' over the hat then is father i, to re- any ru- 1 ail in- use the trary to Je good, LETTERS, &c. c^ and what is the inft-rence t It is this — that a murtler- oiiH coinniiinri of a ruler should nut be obe.ved, because it is clearly unjust, and contrary to the command of the supreme and universal Ruler ; • Thou shalt not kilV Bill what shall the son do when his father positively conimands hini to murder a neighbor's children ? He should freuthis father kindly, and endeavor to soften his heart, tr> sooth his passions, and to show him the in- justice of his requirement— its contrariety to the laws ldier is under no obligation to obey the order of a subf^iltern, which is unjust in itself, and plain- ly repugnant to a known command of his general, so no man is bound to obey any command of an earthly ru- ler, when the thing required is manifestly unjust to fel- low beings, and plainly forbidden by the authority of Jehovah. . Of aH the acts of tyranny which have ever been ex- ercised by the most inhuman despots, there are none mere unjust and abominable, than that of enticin th#^Jr voi- ces against this species of t/ranny and barbaritv ; and let the rulers of nations know, that they are determined, by the grace of God, to die ay martyrs, rather than ro be any more concerned in shedding human blood 1 Is lot LETTERS, See. it not ak>tim* forthe rulers of Christendom, Hther M r« nounce openly, nil pretension, to the r.^me of rh!L ? Wi^pute., than the uncertain and cruel jrame ol' wa: t urn, sir, with great respect, your's, &,e. John Casey. ^n, -r. .Tfr. /J,W«;.//, 31. P, P, Kinltot: ^ eJlUVT^ \\^l^- unpopularity of the once highly extolled Inbunals of Ftcry Ordeal, and Judicial Conlbal for deeding the question of guilty or not ffMltZl c,iu.ed numy sanguinary professors of the pS day to hJn.h .v.th shame lor their pious hut mis^^Lided ances^ tr>rs (assome are pleased to call them.) whe tL "^^ of the many bloody and brutal appeals which professed Bl.jsh, indeed, they well raay,for such misguided and i.npr.n..pled Christian Rulers, and such sangul' 7"^ bands of Justice as they upheld. But thesi monstrous and .angun.ary customs of the ^ dark ages, ^ were In n respect more unreasonable, and they wfre far less des^ tructive, than the present mode of deciding the disgrace- some of the barbarous customs of former ages; but the M-m/^i: V"' 'r' ^«^«i««d'--bellished,fnd idol zed! ^\ th what face then can we call ourselves civilized, or call any national, military and despotic institution, civn' or civilized goyernment, while we tolerate as popular and justifiable, the most horrid and murderous custom that ever resiilted from diabolical influence, or huZn depravity ? And with what face can the shepherds and teachers of mankind, especially those who are style f VArnbassadors of Peace,' and ^ Ministers of t^^ S Testament,; stand forth in vindication of this greatest practica, evil- -this ijrossest delusion and most dreadful scourge and curse that ever afflicted the race of Adam How painful and revolting to a benevolent mind, to hear them With passionate zeal, maintaining war to be consis- LETTERS, &«. 101 either to re- f Ohiistinns, lettling their i ol' war. tc. N Casey. 20, 1826. n. )ncp highly al Combats, 'nilly, Iiave esent day, •Jed ances- i \\\ey read professed bunals for ruided and iiiary 7Vi- monstrous ^ere in no r less des- f disjorrace- exploded s ; but the J idolized, ^ilized, or ion, civil, , ' popular IS custom r human lerds and re styled, he New- greatest dreadful ►f Adam. I, to hear )e consis- tent with Christianity, the honor of nations and the in- terests of mankind — openly declarinja: that it is both lawful and honorable to kill and slaughter our brethren in war, and that coolly and deliberately, with all the fe- rocious bravery of unreflecting merciless savajjes ; thoujrh at the f>ame time, they well know the high and sovereign command of the King of kings, expressly en- joins, ' Thou shalt not JcilV They also maintain it t* be our christian duty to avenge injuries which we never received, but i»erhaps were partially received by rulerg living at the distance of two, three, or five thousand miles from us, when the great Jehovah imperative- ly commands, 'avenge not yourselves, but give place unto wrath ; for it is written, vengeance is mine, I will repay saith the Lord.' VVbile with the same passionate zeal they maintain the lawfulness of plundering all the enemy's property belonging to the opposing government —to burn their cities — destroy their garrisons — fiie their shipping, and plunder their unoffending merBhantmen of their own private property, solely for the crimes of their rulers, in compliance with the barbarous laws and usages of war. Also license privateers-men of war, for indiscriminate robbery, murder and plunder, in ad- dition to the thousands, and hundreds of thousands of their own frienrlly subjects, whom they hold in the most barbarous and cruel slavery — trained up for the business of human butchery, robbery and murder. In a word, maintaining it to be both just and honorable to destroy their enenies and do them all the possible evil ahd mis- chief in their power, in direct opposition to, and open violation of, the high and sovereign commands of the Ruler of the universe. Thereby teaching for doctrines, the commandments of men, and makingr the word of God, of no effect, through their traditions. We now solemnly ask, if this warring principle, which wars equally against Heaven, and against every true en- joyment and principle of good on earth, and which we have clearly shown, powerfully affects men's tempers and practice—destroys all love and obedience to God, and all benevolence, peace and good will to man ? is not the very principle and spirit of anti-christ— the great red dragon and molock of the whole earth ; at whose shrine the peace and happiness— the blood and treasure— the 0» 102 LETTERS, &c. i 1 1 il?!!"^^'!"!'' 5_.'"'"*""« "^ *^"'' yy retched felioiv-being^ oin age to a^a I these are .aorificed, from ^ear to ycAr, and fi.,,.. age to Inflamed with a religious frenzy nnd mad zeal, by prime agents of eternal-- ' ■ ^ slaughter, and enslave misery, they hate, oppre88,bur o' ' n, IUUKillf;| , _ _ nndambit.onof^;^c;;;;^;,-'^,-^:^.^-^p^^ demon of war, every d.vine redeeming virtue of t e Lamb of God-the Prince of Peace broth from Heai! en to earth, for the salvation and recovery of o^rf die' and apostate race ! What more manifest delus „ Ind to the view of God, of angels, and of men, than to thus savage and murderous cnmes, into feats of honor » ChristTl^ TT'"^ V" ''''' ^«^ «"^ mammonl ^ir nr ? '''''"'^1'''-'^^ ^^^ «f P^ace and the god of >var-~profes8ing Christ in words,and yet doing the devil's work at the same time ! ! ! If this be ^lot thf most fla! grant violation of the pure and peaceful prinTpW the Gospel-ihe most arrogant and impious intrench- ments on the sovereignty of Heaven-the most rebel - 10118 and indignant infringement on the eternal and ex- elusive nghts of the King of kings and Judge of udg- es and tlie most blasphemous exaltation of the creatur, alThaf w'^'^^'r.' of cruel, blood-thirsty men Xve all that ,s (properly) called God, and worthy to be wor- shipped; It wdl be difficult to find any thing'.oii this side the infernal regions to which this description will fairly apply. And it is doubted whether there exists any thinff €ven there, more abominable or more repugnant to the Spirit and principles of the Gospel, thaii those crirnes which are authorised by the nnti-christian laws, and as- sumed authority of war- making rulers, wearing the mask and consecrated garb of Christian professors. Are oot all war making rulers, then, egregiously in- •ons.stent and unprincipled, in demanding implicit obe- dience and their hireling priests, in prefching up thL truly diabolick doctrine, when by yielding such aS ,,n! supreme laws of Chnst-intrench on his eternal sov -r)---v- --•'!. ..^v. vris iii» vAuiusivc ngnts, and impiously usurp bis authority, cit obedience is justly due from ruled. fights, and arrogantly whom alone impli- I, both rulers and LETTERS, &c. 106 Can any man, in \m senses, believe it lawful to obey thefftllihle laws of earthly sovreiifns, by disobeying tlie infallible laws of tho eternal Sovereign of the universe ? Can we find in any of the arniica of the earth, even a common holdier so ignorant of military law and the maxims of war, as not to know to a certainty, that it if unlawful for him and all his fellow-Holdiers to obey the commands of a subaltern, in disobedience to the general orders of his superior officer? And a crime punishable with stripes, imprisonment, or actual death, according to its extent or supposed turpitude. If we may presume we cannot find such an itrnorant private soldier in any of the armies of the earth, is it not a severe reproach to the christian name, to find, not merely an individual, but thousands cf the professed spiritual, soldiers of Jesus Christ, and his professed ministers, or 'Ambassadors of Peace,' so grossly ignorant of his laws and ihe maxima of his holy and peaceful religion, as not to know beyond a doubt, that it is equally unlawful, and a thousand fold more heignious crime to obey an earthly ruler, in commit, canZcertain- ^v be allowable .n any combined number o( iadividua s ' ^"ine"'"™!^."'" "" ""'" ",d'«"'""«'^ »'>™'-d than to im: ngine numbers can sanctify a crime !'— ' ecclesiastical magic canonize a lie!'_or when ' one murdermakes a neeanse hand joins in hand,' and armies murder and ravage by the arrogated authority of ambitious ™ler"- therefore the • wicked shall alwa/s pass unpunished '^ feurely every candid and impartiali; honest*^ man mui; admit that the practice of murder/ robbery, and vX tion o» all kind, authorised in war, cannot 'u, iZZbl nL^Zf ""r '""'T"'*- ^'"l *•»'" 'his mosi oi^fous and self-evident truth comes to he generally believed?"? wi I no longer be in the power of the ambition of pr n ccs, the avarice of merchants, or the caprice of those .n power, to convulse the world, by destroying the peace souls oTCT' ""' .^'""l' "'"' *™"'''"'' '•■e^lives'^ a.^ sous of the human family, in the manner th^y have for centuries been accustomed to do. We wretchedly Z ceive ourselves by smoothing over those savage crimes With the names of honor. cf7i.r»<,» .„.„;„.;„!!™- "™** al^av^ hi f" '^"i' ^^^^'^ ^« ^«^« »'' ''--'""» Prince of ingand endearing III mT / ^;"'"""' "P^' ""^'"V- In the h,.nes v^«^ '? " " ""^ '"'« '''"W'-eu of God.' we ca« with ChrL^fan h .!. "'' ""^ ""*" """"ci^'ces, tyrannical ruler 'r,he"i1r:;:''7'J "" "''J-' «"d who boldly «ood forti i! he ^ of t^:"" "'"' '"^"^ in the sight of God fn h ,. ' "^"e'^er it be right which^fhaVe see:'a:;hrard"'lA"ul'"/9 '"' '"''•S^ j.;e„b,eKi„yr;ri:^:^3^t;-^^^^^^^^ I subscribe myself, Dear Sir, your', unfeignedly, John Casey. A SOLEMN AND PATHETIC 4DDRPSS • TO THE WAERINO BUIEB, OP CHKISTEKBO^ ^ *' Oh, you that promote war imi] Mnr^AcU i • .m-,h, wimtever .„«; he vour Dre"LI!;i .^?^?''^''..''' '.''» 01 Unai retribution, how vol. m„..'„ " "' '"" ""X LETTERS, dtc. ii will soon ?^«t to sub- i'ighest to ti« the Jov- of God.' sciences, U«st and tid John, igiiin a ry be right hnn unto 5 things ngdoms getl into r> Jesus dSEY. ss in tho tie (lay od for their your- n the lo'y Jicentionsness, immorality, and irreli^jfion of war, as the prime agents of eternal misery. Could anv reflec'tino- wind sit down, unbiassed by prejudice, passion, interest^ or opinion, and collect all the consequences, temporal and eternal, insepurabie from war, (if the review could be supported by the human intellect without destruction to it,) the display of misery would be the most dreadful that ever was contemplated.— PFiY/t«Vi5o». LINES Sent with a Present of the Tracts published by the Socie- ty for promoting Permanent and Universal Peace, The heart, once influenced by a Saviour's love. In soft compassion onward seeks to move, His bright example, most to such will shine a Feaceful and pure, tho' human, yet divine, b If, then, her holy likeness we would aim. Our motives try before our steps you blame ; Urgd by no wish of temp'ral kind we move, Constraint alone by Jesus' boundless love ; c And Pity's tear suffuses in our eye, d While we behold tfie world in misery lie. e We wish, we pray, we act, this point to gain- Man s full redemption from Sin's galling chain :f Nor dare we think that * Christian,' well agrees/ With passions only led the flesh to please, Producing anger, malice and debate, But fain would quench that murd'roua mortal hate. For arts of war displease a holy God, h Whose word prohibits waste of life and blood : i He but permits its flames a scourge to be. That man, therein, his punishment maysee. k Say then, can war, a Christian's bosom swell. Can Christ and Moloch in one bosom dwell ^ / As well might elements at discord rest. Or fire repose on ocean's tmnhlpd hroocf . «, a Peter 2. 21, &c. b Isa. 9. 6, c2 Cor. 5. 14. dPs. IIQ 15« e 1 Jolin 6. 19. /Rorn. 8. ?1. 22. g 2 Cor. 6. 15 ie, 17 A .Tames 4. 1. Gen. 7. 6. ; Ps. 5, 6, fcc. k Ezek 14 21 Matt. 26. 32. 1 1 Cor. 6. 19, 20. m See Mati. 5. and compare 108 LETTERS, ^. Ps. 12. Water and fire not more discordant prove. 1 i^n sanguine tempers and a Saviom 's love. -How shalU mortal with the Christian name, The love of Christ and war, at once proclaim J And can a Christian stilJ expect to see « Ihesword devour and rule, perpetually ; o And to the senseless, foolish axiom„ go *♦ It will, because it ever has been so " * Has not the word divine distinctl/spoke, » 1 hat Princes' hostile spirit shall be broke f Hath It not said that hincrs and queens shall be I m APPENDIX. mi.son w.th the solemn and united declaration of men moving ,„ th« m<.«t exalted sphere of human elevation. 1 ersuuded also, that the alliance lately entered into «nrP«,Ph '""""'"' of Europe, was prompted bv the pmest Christian motives, they are assured that the he- m-volent vi.ws of.your Royal Hi|fhnes8, are perfectly consonant to the language and spirit of that ever memo- l"ague "'**^ " ^'''''^ "*''' • '"^**^ «"*^ perpetual Such, Sir, are their sincere convictions, and such is he object which they have at heart-an object which ^Z T^"^ T u""^'?* ^'°"* y°"^ ^«y«' Highness, con- m " ^ with those feelings of respect, duty, and sub- mission, by which they are bound to your Rovnl High- ness person and Government. ' *' Presuming, therefore, that your Royal Highness would gracmusly extend your countenance to exertions that wouw have a tendency to pri)mote the true glory and iiappiness of your paternal dominions, the Society for thf promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace are emboldened to present this humble Address, and to re- quest that your Kojal Highness will be graciously pleas- ed to accept a volume of their Tracts and Report*. feigned by order of the Committee, 1^ ^ , ^ Robert Marsden, Chairman, le, Earl Street, Sept. 17, 1818. THE MEMORIAL OF THE MASSACHUSETTS PEACE SOCIETY. To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States, in Congress assembled: The Mernorial of the Members of the Peace Society of * • Massachusetts respectfully represents :— That the society, which now solicits the attention of our national rulers, wa« instituted for the single purpose ot dittusing pacific and benevolent sfintimonta fU.L.,u this country, and thrc»ugh the world. Impressed wilh a deep and sorrowful conviction, that the spirit of Chris- tiamly, which is a spirit of mercy, pea^^e and kind af- leciioii, IS imperfectly understood ; afflicted by the ae- liWM»WI|IWIMj,.liMWmjJM APPENDIX. Ill r>n of meu elevation, tered into id by the it the he- s perfectly ?er memo- perpetual nd such is 5ct which ness, con- and ffub. ynl High- ess would ions that lory and jcioty for eace are nd to re- sly pleas* [)rt6. r lirman. SETTS presenta- bled: )ciety of Qtion of purpose id with f Chris- kind af- the ae- cumulnted miseries and extensive desolations which war has sprend over the Cairest, most fruitful, aurl must tn- Iiiihtened regions of the earth; and at the same tinje, encouraged by many decisive proofs of the leMvnl of purer, and more benevolent principles among Christian nations, your memorialists have formed this association with the solemn and deliberate purpose of co-operating wirli the philiiuthropists of every country, in promoting the cause of peace and charity ; in stripping war of lis false glory, and in uniting different communities in the bonds of mutual good will. We are sensible, that from the nature of our object, it is chiefly to be accomplished by a silent and gradual influence on the minds of men, and accordingly we have limited our operations to the circulation of useful treatises, in which the pacific spir- it of religion has been exhibited with clearness, and we hope with success. We believe, however, that the pre- sent moment demands a departure from c.ur usual coursp, and w^-volence have been accomplished^ When the idea of a great amelioration of human affairs ^ no longer rejected as a dream of fancy; when stales! men are beginning to learn, that all natiois have a com^ n.oii interest; when philanthropy is extendingTs view, to distant countries, nnd is executing purpofes. whirh would once have been regarded as the offs^rL of S Wind and extravagant zeal. Jn this age o? enlarged forThe lif "r"' ^^^•i^™^?*', «<^ unparalleled activity Zinu ^ ^"^ "mankind, it is hoped that the idea of a nn hi* 5'P"V»»"? »^« cause of peace and humanity, will h^LlJ'''"iT'^ as visionary and impracticable. En- lightened and benevolent statesmen will discern that we do not hve in ordinary times, but that a new and power- nnV'"^- j^ • ''' ^^1" S^'"'®" *^ "*« '»"««^" "ind, which, under judicious influences, may issue in great and oer^ manent improvements of the social state. In presenting this memorial, we solemnly declare, in the presence of God. that we have no private or narrow views. Un this subject, we belong to no sect, no partv. As lovers of our country, as friends of mankind, as disciples of Jesus Christ, with the spirit of peace in our breasts, and with a deep impression of the miseries of war, we are only solicitious to prevent the effusion of human blood by human hands, and to recall men to the conviction that they are brethren. We trust that the warmth, with which we have spoken, will not be con- strued into a want of deference towards our rulers. On such a subject, coldness would be a crime. Our convic- tions are deep, and no language but that of zeal and ear- nestness would do them justice. We hope that we are addressing rulers, who are sen- iible to the responsibility imposed by the possession of power ; who regard the influence, which is granted them on human affairs, as a solemn trust ; who consider them- selves as ueionging to their country and to mankind, and who desire to treasure up for themselves consolation in that hour, when human applause will be an unavailing >•', APPENDIX. lift war. Of 1) and we support, unity, ten many ipliihed ; tn affairs !>n states- ide a corn- its views 9* which ing of a enlarged activity lea of a lity, will le. £n- that we I power- which, ind per- slare, in narrow 5 party, ind, as ) in our eries of ision of 1 to the hat the be con- 8. On convic- nd ear- re sen- »ion of dthem ' them- d, and tion in miling sound, and when no recollection will be so dear as that of having aided, with a disinterested zeal, the cause of peace and humanity. By order of said Society, ^, ^, .^ WILLIAM PHILLIPS, Pres't. Thaddeus Mason Harris^ Rec'g Sec'y. LETTER OP JOSEPH, LATE EMPEROR OP OEBMANY. The following is a letter of the Emperor to one of his Generals : — "General— I desire you to arrest Count K— , and Captain W— , immediately. The Count is of an impe- rious character, proud of hia birth, and full of false ideas of honor. Captain W. who is an old soldier, thinks of settling every thing by sword and pistol. He has done wrong to accept a challenge from the young Count, I will not suffer the practice of duelling in my army; and I despise the arguments of those who seek to justify it. 1 have a high esteem for officers who ex- pose themselves courajreously to the enemy, and who, on all occasions, show themselves intrepid, valiant and determined in attack as well as defence. The indiffer- ence with which they face death is honorable to them- selves and useful to their country ; but there are men ready to sacrifice every thiajy to a spirit of revenge and hatred. I despise them : such mna, in my opinion, are worse than Roman gladiators. Let a council of war be sunimoned to try these two officers, with all the impar- trahty whichi demand from every judge; and let the most culpable of the two be made an example, by the rigor of the law. I am resolved that this barbarous cus- tom, which is worthy of the age of Tamerlane and Baj- azet, and which is so fatal to the peace of families, shall be punished and suppressed, though it cost half my of- ficers. There will be still left men who can unite brave- ry with the duties of faithful subjects. I wish for none who do not resnent fh^ Inu/a «r *i.. «»..^» Vtenna, August^ 1774." lie APPENDIX. The following is a guppoiod answer to the Emperor'i letter !•"■" 8irc, COUNT K. TO THE EMPEROR JOSEPH. The general has furnished me with a copy of your letter to hira, and I am now under arrest. 1 have re- flected siJriously on your censures, and would, before I siifTer for my offence, suggest some thoughts for your Majesty's consideration. Of me it is said—" The Count is of an imperious tharacter, pr» ud of his birth, full of false ideas of hon- or.' —On reflection, I am convinced that this opinion is correct. But, sire, my "false ideas of honor" were the fruit of that education which I received in your service; they are such as are generally possessed by military of- ficers ; and perhaps they are not more " false" than those " ideas of honor," which sovereigns entertain, exempli- fy, and applaud. Why should it be thought less honor- able for a man to fight valiantly in his own quarrels, than so to fight in the quarrels of his prince. And if quarrelling and fighting between two officers is shame- ful or wicked, what shall be said of the wars of princes? Of ray antagonist your majesty has said, * Captain W. who is an old soldier, thinks of settling every thing by sword and pist'^,1.'— What better could reasonably have been expected of an * eld soldier,' who has been trained to blood ? And has he not the example of all the princes of Europe to countenance him in settling his disputes with weapons of death ? Or is it more honor- able to murder men with cannon and muskets, than with swords and pistols ? Or is it less unjust or less horrid for sovereigns to call forth armies of innocent men and cause them to murder one another, to settle son- . >• a- lous dispute than for two gentlerren to settle a coatro- versy equally frivolous by fighting their own bat '' Your Majesty expresses a * high esteem for thosfe of- ficers who expose themselves courageously to the enemy, and who, on all occasions, show themselves intrepid, valiant aud detf^rmined in attack as well as defence.^^-^ Of these yOi< say « The indifference with which they oountry,' 1 was once of the same opinion, but reflection has convinced me that these are * false ideas.' For the wars APPENDIX. IIT npcror*! of your have re- icfore I )r your iperious of hon- inioD is vere the service ; itary of- an those xenipU> honor- uarrels, And if shame- irinces ? Oaptain y thing son ably ks been fall the ing his honor- an with horrid len and n frrvo- 1086 of- eneray, itrepid, h they o their on has le wars of princes are an needless as the combats of duellists.^ — Besides, always on one part if not on both, a war is pos- itively unju$rable to themselves* or * utieful to their country,' for men with Sndiflference to face death' in unjustly attempting to destroy their breth- ren. •There are men,' says your Majesty, *«'ho are ready to sacrifice every thing to a spirit of revenge and ha- tred.' This M>".m meant of duellists ; but is it not in fact more 8pp!ij&ble to warrinn^ princes ? Duellists, indeed, some- time' i sacrifice their own lives, and the happinees of re- lations and friends. But in their combats there is no burnin<( or sacking of towns — no murder of women and children, nor of the sick and the aged — no ravaging of provinces-- no plundering nor devastation of the proper- ty of the innocent — no public and inhuman celebrations of victories, and seldom mdie than two lives sacrificed in one quarrel. How trifling then the sacrifices in a war between two duellists, compared with what is made in a war between two princes ! What are two lives to a hundred thousand ? Yet of revengeful duellists yonr Majesty has been pleased to say— »I despise them.' Perhaps, Sire, they are as much entitled to your compassion as your con- tempt — to compassion for their misfortune in having been trained up in the principles of revenge and murder, in the service and by the example? of their princes. That duellists are * worse than Roman gladiators' may be true ; for the> fight each other voluntarily ; whereas * the Roman gladiators' were prisoners of war, doonoed by iheir inhuman conquerors to fight and murder each other, for the amusement of t^io multitude. So the poor soldiers of difierent countries are called out in armies to destroy one another, to gratify the ambition or revenge of their merciless rulers. Soldiers and Gladiators may stand on equal ground as to guilt; duellists may be worse than either of these ; but can they be worse than those rulers who wnntnnlv rniieA ^nlrliofa anA trlaAiatixm^ to shed each other's blood, and who exert their influence to render fighting a glorious profession ? Your Majesty has denounced duelling as a • barbar- ous custom, worthy of the age of Tamerlane and Beg- 118 APPENDIX. ■ 1 heir eiomple, iudeed, would still be pernicious h,„ the .av.„g of blood and treasure would C ^rea" •' ^r thry misht stdl— a« they often do uow—phJ, T " P..n.l. other peopl.. for i^Mtati^ '^.r o^i r„ '^-^ '" feo great .«, our ahhorrence of duelling,, ,l,a?3,„ve «a,d I deap.se the arguments of those who seek to Z! tifv It. 1 am persuaded. S.re, that when peonle shill have beco.„e ,n,i.v enlightened. ,hey may w^h tea, " propriety, say the same of the arguments to „.^r .? wars of princes. Both customs howe.e" are ChlL ahliorrent to enlightened reason, t^^^^r. '^r;':: iinjz.ffi.^ sTmif?:'::!^, -^ X!.yt:r„^"'- ty .hall think pro,.er to inflict on VeThu 'l aT^n^^ru" that you should understand, that the wars of dueM It, and the wars even of pirates, are no, more reprehe f.' hie, nor more atrocious, than the wars of sovereign* Sept. 6th, 1774. ' Count K. l,.?V^" '■'•'VL""" ''™'" '''^ Emperor to the General has frequently been published, and is supposed "the genuine. 1 !,„ one from Count K. to the Emperor has perhaps never before appeared in this country, and "s genmneness may therefore be deemed more ques ion" hi ' but the sentiments contained in it deserve 7h. "„".!:.' nous eoosKlerntion of both rulers and subject's in VveTv qpuntry of Christendom. •" ' Editor of tlie Friend of Peace. APPENDIX. 119 roiis c!is- le age of rnmems. EJ time of present in 8oine f public J — when princes i»8 their the op- ous, but at ; for lawri to pie. )u have to JMS- B shall freater ii'y the •arous, to ;e- duel- najes- txious >ni»ts, ben si- lt'. K. leral, o he « has d its ible ; very e. To the presirJent and Committee of the Society of Chris- tian Murals, established at Paris. London, 8th Mav, 1822. Gentlemen,— ' The (Jiutnnitteo of the Society established in London, for the promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace, have watched with exceeding interest the sjrowth and progress of your Society, and hail with unfeigned plej.s- ure its final establishment. They congratulate you, they congratulate themselves, and mankind, on the list of names distinguishing your early labors; and see with no common delight, illustrious individuals of widely differ- ent religious opinions, all united to carry into effect the great object which interests us all — ftie dissemination of the most striking and important principles of Chris- tianity. They offer you the most cordial co-operation ; they rejoice to be called on to labor with you in a field so hon- orable ; they feel their own difficulties and disappoint- ments dissipate, when they see rising around them, So- cieties like your's, offering them the hand of fellowship, and the sjiirit of sympathy. They cannot despair of the final triumph of truth, when they see so many able advocates engage ifi its dissemination and defence ; and they ardently hope that Christian charity will wing its way over the world, blending all pursuits in an universal philanthropy — teaching nations that they have but one conmon, one general interest, to which their own is sub- servient, and eradicating those prejudices and malignant feelings, which have scattered round them misery, des- olation, and death. Our Committee will look with anxious sympathy on the labors of your Society, and will communicate them to the world whenever they shall be in accordance (as we doubt not they will always be) with the great subjects of our mutual regard. They trust that your communi- catiovis will be active a«d uninterrupted; and whenever your Society shall publish the Periodical to which a ref- erence has been made, they will give it every encourage- inenl m their power. Meanwhile they avail" themselves m this occasion, to send six copies of the New Series of The Herald of Peace, whose pages they hope will be a- doined by the reports of your futufe proceedings, and in i-f ISO APPEIVDIX. have h«d,he\:„„rofX7 ';^;^«^h/ •heir Member Ts «">?•• By such aMociatio"f imon" ,hi ^ u^ '""•■ '"" «« and zealous io ,be cause of ,™fb ^"u- l^ ?™ •""- of Peace, they hope to geeor J .?. * *'"."'' " "•« «»»»« final ex.irpa.ion «nhe .^.Ivo lenVaK'*''' '"T/"' ">" this occasion. AccepTmyTs 'ec,, *^ "■*"" '"^'"^ "' JOHN BOWRING, Foreign Sec'y. The Committee of the Snrip*,, «/• rr* • ^ • Sir, ^^^'^'S' 16th May, 1822. producing the'rst"hIp;;Xc^Tnd"|,aM'ir' .f"" "' result will be the proDaration nf .h "J?."''« "H'mate happinessof Th^hra^rd" Krou'iTa^t^i''' n.ii.oi .„.-!, r^P 'Jl ^'^^l*^ interesting and valuable n«rJ. ^our Pre*. dly recep- smbers as your sit- are hc»n- the cause ^y for the ailed into ►rm — viz. fraternal »rgan oa SecV. s, to Mr. ' Society 1822. est, the ;e Soci- nk that ubt, be fail of Itimate nciples \\\y re- tent of I of the act in ect aQ I spec- ig th9 ». »Sir, he re- nfiri. ' pro- We imbep APPENDIX. m We have seen With the most lively pleasure and fra- ternal interest, Members of your Society taking their seat among us, and assisting us in our dehberations. It is by this union, that the friends of humanity among every nation will be able to promote, through the influ- ence of Christianity, the happiness of mankind. May our intercourse with each other form one of the Unks of this grand association, which wilt contribute towards making peace, happiness, and every virtue which flows from the holy precepts of the gospel, reign among men. I congratulate myself. Sir, on being commissioned to transmit to yon the sentiments and views of the So- ciety, and I pray you to receive the assurance of our high consideration and fraternal regard. CHARLES COQUEREL, One of the Secretaries of the Society for the applica- tion of the Christian Precepts to the Social Rela^ tions of Life* A LETTER ADDRESSED TO THE KING OF ENGLAND, Br Thomas Thrush, On resigning Ms commission as a Captain in the Royal Na- vy, on the ground of the unlawfulness of war. * '1 ^n* "ot ™ad, most noble Festus; but speak forth the words of •ruth and soberness." . When a subject presumes publicly to address hif sovereign, on a matter which he deems of the very high- est importance to the welfare and happiness of man- kind, he Qannot, if his motives ar« pure, help feeling much anxiety to acquit himself in a way that may best promote his views ; that piay give no offiince to the sove- reign he addresses; and that may, as much as possible, dfsarm public ceHsure. This. Sire, is mv map ? anA tvk^^ i :»<*....«. v^... lur.; estythat the purport of this letter is to announce mj re- signation of the commission and rank I hold in Your Majesty's Nasval Service, from a conviction that my re^ 11 ' . ]2t APPENDIX. tainingr them 19 incompatible with mj Christian profe*. sion, It will be obvious that my situation, if not one of Kreat difficulty, is, at least, one of peculiar delicacy. Jt will be equally obvious, that it is no easy matter for me .?r jS^'"^ offence, or even to escape censure. I he difficulties of my situation are increased by the consideration that I have no precedent for my guidance either as to the letter I am addressing to Yoir Majesty! or to ths important and unusual act to which this lettw relates. In both cases 1 am acting, and I feel the weiffh- ty responsibility, solely on ray own judgment, and with- out the aid of precedent or example. This considera- tion ouftht to make me both humble and circumspect; that I may neither do nor say any thing of which I may hereafter see just cause to repent. I trust, Sire, this will not be my case; for on the subject of these paaes I have not thought lightly or casually, but seriously a'nd intensely ; and this not merely during a week, a month, or even a year, but almost daily for the last three years After endeavoring to gain the best information on a sub- ject continually becoming more interesting to me ; and after imploring the guidance of that Being who alone can direct the hearts of men to what is right; my scru- ples concerning the accordancy of the military profess- ion with the precepts of the Christian religion have end- ed in the conviction, that the duties of this profession are altogether irreconcilable with the plain fundamental principles of our holy religion. Considering the subject matter of this letter, and the profession of its writer, it might be deemed more res- pectful to Your Majesty, as well as to the distinguished persons who compose the Board of Admiralty, that I should, according to professional etiquette, address ray- pelf to them, through their Secretary. After due con- sideration, it appears necessary for me, on the present occasion, to depart from this custom. Whether, Sire, I rejrard Your Majesty as the fountain of military rank and honor, or as the Supreme Head of the Church of Christ in the nation you govern, but more especially as the latter, I feel it tobemy duty to address these pages to Your Majesty ; and I trust that my boldness, in do- ing HO, will not be considered as a departure from Chris- tian humility, or from the deference and duty justly re- quired from a subject to his sovereign. APPENDIX. When a man, by many years of assiduity and active «xertion, has gained a highly respectable rank in his proession; when,mded,he has nearly arrived at tbe funLf u' V'^^T'' '?"^ > «*P««t«d 'h« he will U arikfully enjoy this ranlc, and its emoluments. But when, instead of doing so, he, in advanced life, resigns these, he IS ikely to be taxed v.ith something beyond meieimbecil,ty,-the remark of Festus to St. Paul wUl scarcely be thought too severe for a person actingthu. at variance with common feelings ind praci ce A. Lr/ht""*^ '^•''"''^ "^ *PP"«^ to'meTThopt though I have no pretensions to the learning of the A. iCt "I a™ / "«3r j»e P«-i"fd to a„swer?n his trds To account for a conduct so perfectly stranae anri unusual, IS a duty I owe to Your M^esty : bu"^before . for th: "e^ll.t' ^J/J*^'''' "«1 ""tjfactory reJnl duce very iinDnrfr..fT' 8*"*'""^ adopted, would pro- Tour Maje, Ho my b X "1' "" "»P«™iye duty to atlarge.butasoamo.t^^r^fj'*"' ""d to the wbrld I .hould ^th Te ^^aTeZr ''"'^ '" "y "«•'«"• 'hat or rather mTapolSy for ^JZZ'"^ """u^^ ™"'°"»- I know, is iD modi™ ti^..*^ '**]*' *''''''' °» ^ar ag this, it iill be mv lost In? •"'P'*««''«»'e« honor lo- render unto God ii.r;i:" «" "^^^poweritig anxiety Although. ^reTfeirtH^'"/n'''*' ""'^ ^"^'«-" case I am g^inr'hvnm ^^ n^^*"'^ conviction that the ^eranycrcumLS """^^ "«' »°- / rcumstances happen to me ; yet permit me to 124 APPENDIX. K suppose, thoujrh living under your protection, that I ^loulfl so far forget my obligations and my allegiance to Your Majesty as to unite myself to your enemies.— Were I, by any possibility, implicated in a transaction 80 truly degrading, I should consider it as my first duty, as soon as I became sensible of the enormity of my crime, to make the most ample and the most public re- paration for it. Though my doing so might subject me to the charge of cowardice and treachery ; yet, unques- tionably, it would be my bounden duty to retrace my steps and return to my allegiance to you, ray lawful sovereign ; and it would be equally my duty to do this in the most public manner. In some points my own real situation appears to tne very similar to the imaginary case I have here stated. With much zeal and sincerity 1 entered into the Naval Service of Your Majesty's revered Father, and swore allegiance to him. This allegiance ia now, of course, due to Your Majesty, as his lawful successor. When I entered into this solemn contract, I entertained no ap- prehension that I was acting in opposition to the princi- ples of the Christian religion ; nor did any apprehen- sion of this kitid ever arise in my mind during the time i was actively employed in the service of my country. — Nay, so far from suspecting that I was departing from Christian rectitude, it appeared to me almost certain, if 1 should lose my life in the service of my king and mj country, that this would serve as a kind of passport to the favor and acceptance of God. This opinion, which has been frequently inculcated by ministers of the Gos- pel of Peace, as well as by Pagan writers, is, I believe, generally entertained by those who think at all when they enter the naval or military profession. Those, Sire, who live much in the world are imper- ceptibly led to think, and act, upon the principles* of those with whom they associate. Though, in the busy scenes of naval service, I never entertained an idea of my profession being irreconcilable with the religion of Christ ; yet after passing several years in retirenient bor- dering on seclusion ; and after more closely inspect- ing tnS 's.-iiristian preerpts, and reviewing my past life, it appears to me that while I have been serving my king and my cowntry, if not brilliantly, yet faithfully, t have been acting in open disobedience to the plain and posi- n, that I Jginnce to lemies. — insaction ifst duty, y of my jublic re- bject me unques- race my y lawful do this ia rs to tne stated. — be Naval d swore ' course, When I j no ap" e princi- ►prehen- he time intry. — ng from rtain, if and Ttij sport to I, which ^e Gos- believe, 1 when imper- iplesr of le busy idea of igion of jnt bor- nspect- ast iife, ly king 1 have ,d posi- APPENDIX. 125 tiTe commands of another and a superior master,— a Mai- ler whose claims upon my allegiance are prior, and par- amount, to those of Your Majesty, or of any earthly sovereign. ' Christianity being considered as a part of the laws of the land, it would seem reasonable to canclude, that so long as a subject obeys the precepts of the divine Foun- der of this religion, he can hardly fail in any important duty to his sovereign. In other words, if a subject is careful to " render unto God the things that are God's," It will be hardly possible for him to withhold from his sovereign those things that are lawfully due to him. In t^hnstiamty one duty implies the other; and thus the duty to the Prince is placed upon the most solid founda- tion, as forming an essential part of a Christian's duty to uod. But, Sire, permit me with great deference and respect to observe, that the claims of an earthly sove- reign, parent, or benefactor, to our gratitude, our love, and our obedience, ought not, for a moment, to be put in competition with those of our Maker. And it is, Sire. ZrZlT^' ''"^"^•'" ^."'^•i'"' ***^ «"'• *»»?»>««* interest IVne ""''''"^f'*^"** «"*^ absolute obedience to God During the latter part of those years of retirement which I have mentioned, this and ofher ChristranTuthl have become strongly impressed on my min^- and con fession may be considered, it is impossible for a man to rfor bv VrT '•"*' ^ Si^**^"^ ^"""^^^^ "^^hrist and a Car° nor by profession. The moment a man sells himself to his sovereign, or to his country, for the purDosT of human destruction, he loses casteMi I may Klowed th:t'frSrt' T u'^'"^'^^"-. »^ ^-frti:thatty' Yo. r Mo- •'?* ""^^ ^^ permitted to make the remark ^heL.^rcixr" r. '"'^^^^^'^ ^p"»""« --^«" « !.«?':.. i",«°°firming the sentence of a Court MartJ-l of'orderr Youf M^'?" ^" '^^ ^«^^^" ^^' disobedience ui uraers, rour Majesty most justly observes \hu\ » Tfi 'O'cers as apUafer dtssbchmce of orda-s, the discipline . 11* 126 of APPENDIX. the 07 my would sustain an injury which might he dan- gerous to the state," Surely, Sire, this is equivalent to saying that men who are imbued with religious printipks, or Christians, are unfit for the military service. Of the justice of Your Majesty's remark, or of the equity of the sentence of the court, no one conversant in military discipline can entertain a doubt. Thinking men, who believe that their professional duty interferes with their duty to God, ought not to halt between two opinions. Since 1 have been led to the examination of the fore- going opinions, my convictions from reflection and from reading, especially from reading the Holy Scriptures, have become established. Indeed there is scarcely a chapter in the New Testament that does not virtually condemn war— scarcely a command, or a precept, to which a professed warrior can pay unconditional obedi- ence. I therefore. Sire, as a Christian, looking forward to existence beyond the grave, feel myself compelled to resign, and lay at Your Majesty's feet, that commis- sion in your Naval Service, which I labored with dili- gence and fidelity to attain ; and on which, when at- tained, no one placed a higher value than myself. 1 see no alternative. Sire, between doing this and relinquish- ing those glorious hopes of immortality which our Sa- viour holds out to those, and to those only, who obey his precepts. In camps and fleets, and iA the busy scenes of public life, the awful threats and the cheering hopes of the Gospel do not receive the serious consideration they de- serve. Withdrawn from those scenes, my mind hak become more and more impressed with the clearest con- viction, that for men to devote themselves to the milita- ry profession, and to assemble by thousands for the a- vowed purpose of deliberately shedding human blood, ia as clearly contrary to the plain and positive precepts of Jesus, as it is abhorrent to those natural feelihgs of humanity that, till blunted or perverted by education, are in mercy impressed on our hearts by our wise and benevolent Creator. Entertaining the&e opinions; be- lieving ihat they will be approved by my future Judge ; and, a's a Christian, determined never to draw a sword, or pull a trigger, for the purpose of shedding human blood ; nor yet to return a blow for a blow, or an insuh for an insult ; I feel myself perfectly unfit for Your Ma- APPENDIX. ia«r t be dau" VHlcnt to mntiples, Of the equity of military len, who nth their lions, the fore- dnd from sriptures, carcely a virtually Dcept, to al obedi- : forward >mpelled comrois- rith dili- ^'hen at- f. 1 see linquish- our Sa- ho obey f public s of the they de- ind hak est con- } milita- T the a- i blood, )recepts lihgs of ication, 'ise and ns ; be* Judge ; sword, human u insuft >ur Mt4- jesty^s Naval Service, and I think I should not act either hone8tly,or consistently, in retaining my commission. 1 am aware, Sire, that the step I have taken might, in times less liberal and enlightened, have subjec- ted me to severe pains and penalties. I am thankful that I live in times when the Christian religion is not only better understood, but when it is conbid«red us forming an essential part of the laws of the most pow- erful and civilized nations; and f feel much confidence that Your Majesty, though you' may condemn the step I have taken, will approve the motive by which it has been dictated. Were the subjects of Your Majesty, and of other sovereigns, to act generally on the principle I have adopted, though some local and temporary incon^ venience might be the result, extensive und permanent good must be the consummation : nor is it probable that universal peace will ever be established on any other ba- sis than unconditional obedience to the precepts of Je- sus. Suppose, Sire, that instead of Your Majesty's sub- jects adopting this pacific system, the French, whom, alas ! Contrary to the fundamental principles of our re- ligion, we have been trained to regard as our natural enemies-^Suppo&e, Sire, that they shold set the glorious example to the world, and "beatitheir swords into plough shares :" would Your Majesty, or would your subjects, or would other nations, regard this as a misfortune ? — Instead of thus considering it, would it not be hailed by all as a most auspicious event ? And, instead of thereby subjecting themselves to insult, would they not command the admiration, the esteem, and the friendship, of ev?- ry civilized, and even of every savage nation 1 May it henceforth. Sire, be the ambition of Britain and France, to set to other nations the glorious example of cultiva- ting a Christian, instead of a martial spirit. In withdrawing myself froni Your Majesty's Naval Service, I have the consolation of doing it in a time of profound peace, when the least possible objection can be made to such a measure. It is also less repu"' "hen »«» in great numbers-when tie natians-wbea numypeopW Isaiah, ii. 4. APPENDIX. 129 Did I. usively a I' what I ity, or as rs to roe, inue my o myself *aul, "I *rince of an open io^ from to which \y be af- ery evil, led. In liformly shes re- regard- natious ng that '■ acted, on cor- owcver, ule&vor n taken appear ^ristian e more leasing quinary re, but ages of !Ct that o httle 9uence ne will m men Hoph^ will act on the same principles that I hate done. 1 do not entertain this belief, merely because I think the di- vine precepts of the ChriHfian religion are admirably calculated to produce so glorious an event, or because the •• signs of the times" lead reflecting persons to ex- pect it ; but chiefly because I am a believer in thoso prophecies of the Old Testament which speak of this devoutly to be wished for event as a certainty. These prophecies give evidence concerning this triumph of Christianity, with as much precision and clearness as they testify the truth of Christianity itself. Their ac complishment, indeed, seems to form a necessary con- necting link in the i;raud chain of the prophecies cou- eerning Christianity : this link wanting, the fortress of Chrislain truth is rendered assailable,and is exposed to the attacks of Jews and sceptics, who taunt Christians with the remark that their religion cannot be true, inasmuch as THE PRINCE OP PEACE IS uot yet come into the world. As it was, Sire, the practice of our Saviour and his A- postles td appeal to the prophecies of the Old Testament, it seems wise that Christians of the present day, in ex- amining a disputed point, such as tjjejawfulness of wart should follow the example of theie iafallible guides. However acute and excellent the writings of many learned commentators on the Prophecies, and however decisive the proofs they draw from them of the truth of the Christian revelation, it would seem certain that some ^ of the most important of these prophecies, generally * applied to Christianity, are at variance with all history, whether civil or ecclesiastical, of the last fourteen or fifteeh centuries. The following prophecies are of this description: — 1. Isaiah ii. 2, And it shall come to pass^ in the last days, thai the mountain of the Lord's house shall be estab- lished on the top of the mountain and shall be exalted above the hills, and all the nations fow unto it. 3. And many j)eople shall go and say, Come ye and let us go to the mountain of the Lord, to the house ^ the God of Jacob, and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths ; for out of Zion shall go forth the laj, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. 4. And he will judge among the nations, and shall re- buke many people : and they shall beat their swords into plough-shares and their spears intq pruning-hooks, iVa* 130 APPENDIX. tion shall not rie^ «<» knee's rfcn. '*" svia//;)!// hs hand on the cocka- W. m the waters cZrtJZ'^ ' '^'"^' "f "^ many of the virtuon, .hi "'"PO"- This happing, iy but vainly wifhedto "ee reaLTd "S ?"«"'«•<»'«- phecj describes this tri,.».V.i,»J5?u- . "® '»™er pro- plain and literal Sa'.hev iJ^'X"""'^ '" ««"»» «^ The latter, though couched in l "l? ^^--derstood. iilso descriptire of aZi» nf "'"t"''""' language, i. Christian dispensattn %n ti''" '"*PP'''«»' ""de' 'he these propheiies Remain vet trhr/mn"!;' P""'"'". tablisbing peace in theVorld- .n^^"'*"*''' "'''= '" "- hunckdge of the Lord Mi' /"?, '" 'P^'Jing «<« blessed effect. "" " """"^ '" produce this arfr(!ai:„f„fthe%7;s:'nrL^ merely to aratifv « '"tP*^®^®"^ day— are they recorded .';e» fufortSr^c^rc^fn^-^'Sa'''''"^''^ '» place at some future nnH IJ^a / • "'*^" »*'« *« take they have no imerest „r eote'r/ %'t^' '""'■ '" '"'ieh «wered by St. Paul • that nrn nh ' ^^" I"*""'"' " an- Scripture) is " writ.'J'V"l rA^!5'J'.'''« "bor Parts of the ends of the world a7e"c;mT""Tr' "P"" j"--"" «"ere.ore, are handed do.nTTnfor™'^ th'ffithe >^;i!!S?w?iC*W!S?*'^*^w^«lS'^'^ '<^»- shali they * a rod out of ^is loins, an4 f/ the leopard ■ young Hon, ''Ulead them, their young '// eat straw hole of the n the cocka- holy moun- kdge of the uage so ve- lame event, id throujjrh 'iappine«s ihe philaii- ive ardent- rmer pro- 3 terms so odersfood. iguage, is under the articulars iz : in es- ding that duce this lophecies recorded onvey to \ to take in which on is an- parts of ti whom »phecies, it is the APPENDIX. 191 wiU of the great and bencTolent Parent of innnkind. and consequently the duty of Christians, to live together in harmony and love, instead of hating and destroying each other by war. They *re written to show us that if wars now exist, the fault is not in Christianity, but in those who are called Christians. They are written to tell us what effects real Chi istianity will produce hereaf- ter, and i^onsequently what it ought to produce now.— They are written, Sire, to admonish Christians to re- frain from war. These prophecies are still more im- portant, for they point out the way to put an end to war • viz:— by spreading abroad Christianity (or " the knowl- edge of the Lord") till " it shall cover the earth."— When Christians cease from war, this undertaking will become comparatively an easy task. Thus understood and applied, these prophecies, instead of being a meie dead letter and a matter of useless speculation, become practically and individually useful ; they become, like other parts of Scripture, *• profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteous- ness." ® It is well, Sire, for Christians who feel a deep inter- est for the honor of their religion, that the history of the first two centuries establishes the fact that the profes- sors of Christianity, in those early «ges, refrained from war. It IS also well for the cause of Christianity that an apostacy from the fnilh was predicted. In Scripture language, faith and Christian practice are often synony- mous; and It IS impossible to conceive a greater depar- ture from Christian practice than war. Thus, Sire this departure from the practice of the Apostles and early Christians, like every other fact connected with the Christian history, when duly considered, bears tes- timony to its truth. So long as nations professing Christianity shall make a trade of war, the superstructure of Christianity must and will be assailable through these prophecies : but iti foundations are imperishable. When Christians shall h cease from war, which, on the sure word of prophecy, ■ they wdl do ; then may we hope that Christi.nJt v " ».iii ■ ^'"''m*^?,,?"^'" *"^ '*»*' "^» *»»« kingdoms "of this ~ world tj»i//becoine the kingdoms of our Lord and of his ^ ; /^. . . .' wa"»ors must be considered as the toes of Cnristianity. 132 APPENDIX. w'fea rr ^ai r„r ",-"•"«"-«« our Lord's sermon on tlie Zmn, . P".''*'""' "'O'ld, if ject of occasional eu"og „""„; '„"," ''''•°' b^inga sub- the standard rule of f e "s aCinf?,"","""'."''" ""de I».nah answer the quese.o^ 1"'! V,"\« ?'•»?''« •"-ords into plo„,fh-shares" and .'Lr""''' ''«« '"'ei. up sword against nation; neither » 1.°","'°"''' "<>« «« ani^more."' The all-poCibl r».r " u "'^J-'earn war these glorious effects, fsSan'r '^r" " '" ""^"'o he prophecies of ,he Old Testament *i"''"«=«"gitwith "thek„o,vledgeoftl.e Lord » «„?rK'- ■ "f^ "•"»"" as the same thing ; and taki„/.t. *^''"«"«» knowledge, on the mount as f summlrv of . f ™? •"■ ''"'• ^^rd consider i, as the nobhinZ«l^^:\u"°^^'M "« ™«y duce these ghrious effects. ' """" ^"""y 'OP™- and tL"'rohXrj/t'i7'ot'T"*''r ""P-ecie, practically embraced, affords a slm!*"""'" ' P'**«P"' if that both the prophecie"anH ?».. ^^P'^'"""P«i'eK'-oof, ongin. I ha/e. Z,™ , Z^^tZ'TT "^ "'"»« can be fulfilled so lon-^Mrhn-^-,'? '°™""' n«»er It will be equall "easTto s^ow tZ'f^"*"8''S*'° "«'• Gospel can never be comoIieT™ ^^l"'* P'^'^P'' «' the dividnalsengaging in war T» 'J""i'°"» ''">y in- preceptsand%„mSands as Ihe f^InL"''*'''*"'"' """ch impossibility. * foMowing, seems to be an ^"fe peace one wHA another n..\.i- , .. Be at peace among yourselves A>^ *t.^* , I evil for evil to any man. GodLthVnn f T'*" '''''^'^ I Follow after love, Zient Jf^ f^"^^' ^'P'""'' I My aside all malice PutV^ ^ ^' ' Let all 6,««r«.,c J!!!J':-__V''^««^"«^ ^rath, malice. 0nde.U speaking; t^pj^:; S^^Tf^i^f /T"**' .Avenge net yoursles. ij^l^ ^^^^ -Sffltl^ ««»««■•!#« APPENDIX. 133 him; if he thirst, give him drink. Recompense to no man evil for evil Overcome evil with good. What a strange anomaly, Sire, would bo exhibited, were these truly noble and characteristic precepts of tliti Christian religion placed at the head of every naval or military officer's commission, and at the head of every warlike order issued from the Admiralty or War omce, or at the head of every regimenral orderly-book ! No incongruity could appear greater than such a mix- ure ot war and Gospel-no impossibility more evident than the impossibdity of obedience in both ca«e.— no truth more clear than that war and Christianity are ut- terly irreconcilable. When the Christian and military duties are thus contrasted, the discrepance is so glarin/, thatu has rather the appearance of burlesque than of sober truth. But surely this striking contrariety affords Jio mean argument that the duties of a Christian and a indlvlduar ""'"' ^' ^'''^^""^ discharged by the same A due consideration of these truly Christian nre.'Pnf- will show us the fallacy of one of tL i„?st pop, hu a ! pments in fovor of war, viz : that as the Jewrthe h X y favored people of God, were comm.adid by God C r,st.ans to do the same. But our Saviour has left s followers without excuse; for ho tells them they a i not to be guided by the customs of the ji J ?^« Ye have heard," says he, "that it hath been said an eve for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth: but I say unto /jL thdtye resist not evil; but whosoever shall sn.ke [hte on ihy right cheek, turn to him the other also.''l- v! have heard that it hath been said, thou shalt love thv neighbor, and hate thine enemy: but I say unto vl« ove them that hate you, and pray for them^which de 1 pitefullyuseyou and persecute you." The practice of the .ews, therefore, Sire, can be no excuse IbTchris tians to engage in war. ^'*"^* Another popular argument in favor of war, is that the moral precepts of the Gospel, though lmne;ati.I^l' ^ujviuua.s, may, i„ cases of necessity, be 'dispensed with l.y sovereigns, or nations. On this subject an acnt« reasoner th.s expresses himself: " In tl o Transactions of private persons, no advantage that results fro^'h. 134 APPENDIX. I morals ,ho„|,| have Kooeeded ^f'^^T'^ '» Christian ley- My reirret h,.L. , ""'" "'e pen of Dr P. not »o loarned Christ " Thl "" "°'J' ^"i»»ce " ha?e every „««- ^o^enw^^^foTaif ;/,"f !'"' "'««"«» ^W the precepts of justice f Christ tj}"'-'^"'^ "»'"»«%'. «"«« <«». «„ m«udUa7Z^t,^9'« private cJcems, ces, and guide all their stof „?f ■ *f "*""'' "f P"" tl.e»e principles, wars amon " t " H/""' ^'""' «"" "» knowledge of the Lobd 3. I" "'", "«»'«' and " the ''aters cover the sea." """"" "'« ea"h as the «!•«' I shall n^otf n co„X n^lhe'™ ".'"'^' ^ '™»'' «" t «;»», or of improperly fndn^f '!'*"'• ''^ «<=«''^«d of egr; mffmtoorremafning in the mlTf*/'^ *^''':"''«"» «"'«- no, exactly recollect! To lll^/' P'ofesson, I can- »a/ that I never thouaht s^L„ ,""'• * "V- ^ believe, w-thin the last four year, wT '' °° '''« '"bject till of disapprobation eSedlt""?' ' '""'«' '■«<'«"g» to regard them as BiXp jl^sCdiT '""' ^ ""' '«<• puritanical cant ; so full/ "a°T*{,?'^' /\a species of consequently „, profeTsiZ L """'J? """ ''ar, and "-•h the precepts rchr sTunT.r "*[? ""' «<"'«">ant have mentioned, owini to rir ^' ^'"'"' ""« 'ime I n-t state, I began to enterJ ?""!' *""*' "h'^h 1 need These doubts lJ:j,T"2:.t!'JlT this subject.- fJ^^^Ir^SvtSSS^'^'^^- •'• '^" '-^^"-'^^-'-''.shVuL^rr tf- .r,? npensate to the concerns deeply re- Christiaa of Dr. Pa- k no w]eUj»e mce " Jjavo >lemnlj de- istration of Nations with '' gmde the ) ''namely^ ^nd peace, 5 concerns, Is of prin- means of , r their im- jH act on and ♦•the h as the .*- ject-mat- ist, Sire, 1 of ego- s or van- ling 1117- J in my \ IS enter- |» I can- beJieve, iect till feeJings »^as led fcies of ir, and sonant time I I need ect rly in tigate ; and 3 that APPKNDiX. 135 jny profesfi.nn was .rreconcUahle with the precepts .)f Chnst I dtterm.ned to resign my naval rank «nd half- H'thi r? f ^^''''^^ high value upon the former, and the latter forms a large portion of a very limited mvT.T;,oZ' "" '»^«-»>^-^'J-tingmyself!«n";rot myself alone to a very don«,(i.rable change in my mode comS^n? '' ^»^'«/"^vanced period of life, when it» comforts and convennnces are most wantei. I o take a step so highly important to me in many points of vieiv, but particularly in a religion, one, "pou h« first impression of my mind, would have been K i^ient'IvT'' '7.'^'" '^'' ""''' '"^'^-'^^^ perl's ?e. me Ifr^r ''°'"'' ^^^*«^«' different periods of time. |rom the very novel nature of the act I contem- plated,! tli,,ught it possible that this might happJi'To myselt; and that in my ardor to do what^ deeE an act of religious duty, I might hastily take a step of which I might hereafter see just cause to repenM w H.! , l.^i'T'^'' *^"*"^' ''^^"g «« '""ch at variance with established custom, might le attributed to vat ty! or an affectation of singularity- motives by which a« far as I know myself, I have never been grea Iv influ enced Added to these considerations, Till t^ much difficulty as to the manner in which I sh Jd w thZw myself from my profession. It appeared to me thr noh .tmay savour of vanity thus tolxX Z^^^^^^^^ the measure 1 contemplated was one of ve^v ffrea m portance both in a political and religbu's 'pTnt *"f Under these perplexing circumstances, I came to "uld ti'nrh'^T "^ »^^^^-P-y ^»>-e ;ears Zger, tir^« fn ^- ^^ '*? ^'*"^' 'P^''^^' ««d to dedicate tha ime to serious inquiry on a subject constantly pressing Z:7eTLfV''' '^'"^ I considered fsfiLeTyt^ cure me of any false notions that either ignorance fa- naticism, or van ty mirrht ffenemfP I» LoS «• i ed the nivi„« T^LJ.r!?^"^'''^^' It has Sire, pleas- vears- nnJ 'fT.«"'ir"".' "' ""^^^^^ to grant me these ab?v Aftl J ^^'^^^•''"''"^' *^««" P««««d unprofit- tu/L ^^^^'^''''•^"^'^"•'•y and consideration on one of mine , as far as my abilities and opportunities have en- abled me, and after frequent and ei/nest prayer to that 136 APPENDIX. m clear a point. I do not howererTeX v > f '" ""^ has effectually convinced ml .h=, J^f '""'"'V- »' i' from p,,re motiver bur..l?„ "'»" have acted imi „„|y 1 feel The folic t'c^'nfidntr" TTh P""<='"'"'' »"^ the step .hat conscience hLlcfated 1^ J?*" ' "^ also enabled me to cortei-ith^ e, ■ ^'"^ •'•^'"r ''as taine.I tilj within the "aMwIl. "* V"' ' ''«''« «"'"- changed my opinions •■ "' ' ^ave indeed able and wicked, yefthafwa''rT"r Tf '''^"''^ ""J"^"fi- For individuals o/nationlt. ? '•"fence were not so. •idered as not i^erefv lawfiH . T^" ,'" "'*'«• ' c«n- •nU meritorious Zi-tTe" r"' "' '".^'''^ ''°™^''''''' •corn and contemnt iZZlI, I *"^'J*"" "y^eif to ing my convict.:„f ^hirTarf e^o^r^filrrd ' V'"^'"^- pel. It is ab olut^ery ir econoit ,"" T^ "^ "'« «"»- tie precepts of Christ B.^^r'n"""" "'« c"'«i-acteris- cies'whici; I live a eX qioted" tT "'"' "" •"»"''''- prophecies teach us th«?{orey the wir^f TT?"-' "'«' whole business of morali.v " i I °^ **"'' '« " 'he •ion; but regardinrwar ^f » T^ }"" ""'^"- '' ^elu- with tj,is obedience I Zst L?^ '"•"'' '' incompatible ted Ifce excuses and apobie'"':; P""' /' ^Phis.iea- onsmeninfavorof deC™L/ ""'' ""•* '"?'"'»• the Gospel and the prophedes ' '"' "' '^' """="'" ""■h .«re:t'm:r„7"a:fid'i*^^,''r'f """^' ^^ "" - «he dom. This is mJrfasinion 'r.T"^"^*™* ^^- isi-«vc auinoniSil us ihat it' r^^ • ~ "'-^ ""'^ rAjJU- 's of men, hristiaiiiiy, ison to re- lay blame >nga time IS so very 'Jay, as it J Hot only pies; ariff repent of delay has He etiter- ling what ^e indeed jdrawing" ised with t though "nju&tifi- iiot so. I con- Jnorable yself to declar- ffen.sive linly lu- ll e Gos- acteris- Jiophe- )ts and s"the a deJu- patib]e listica- igeiiu- t both IS the } wis- cxpc- ' ay of ill do more De- APPENDIX. 187 fensive armanaents may secure temporary safety, but thev are calculaterl to create jealousy and provoke^hos U it/ . and to verify the remark of him who "spake as nevt; man spake;' v.z: that "they that take the swr many r exulta- an blood opposi- :;liristian — or, ill ice wars antiqiii- propels ttern : — rable to it with It ion of or, in a 'ill they * nation f learn prophe- epts of of truth I con- I retir- ited by i,7. those motives which I have set forth ; and that I have not been led to take this step by any men or body of men. To one friend only has my intention been known from the first; and 1 hnve the happinsss to know that this friend, (who will be a fellow-sufferer fr^o hJZ been ordered out with a view ^V «".«™'*d force has and enterprising peonle T. i k"'*™'""""? 'Ws brare «"e of ,heir cl.i!|, T ake fh. . r" "■" '""'"^ <>f bcTng «ga.„»t the n,ea,„r;, yoo hive it'?."' '<"»<"'«ra«„| my claims t„ ,be respect whl.*!,^^*:'' ""dof asgerting I was bor """ '" ''"'• '«='"'owledged to Sf exalted'ide"a7o7mi5?,arv*'w„''"'' ^^ ""-'^ imbued with censcs for maritime depred«io„^ i"'"' .""^ Slanted li- of a privateer, and walreTulTj r""^ ••" "on-mand sea-robber;-. This basi^ssT'^r.'^. ''^T'' "> P'««ice 1 captured several mercCtvLT 1 ''""''« *'" "'"•• ai^d succesefu , and was hilu T"^"* esteemed bravo otism. My share of "fi^^'''^ applauded for my nlfr? tl...u™ndsof dXrs' ^buf' l"r*^ '""°'"'"«' "o Ce squandered it a^^a" 'in ' " tf * "<"»« "g'" go"_I «,o^ cepling a portion, wWch I J. .^j°"'' d«9/08tion-ej. to compensate fo; tClvers'l'd rjI'^'^'P^Po^s. some clergymen hr.d oSfor "v ••"""''^S'"'"''?' which r±'.r^J "-^.license for' robZrr^!!^;.. f— as Til ^" . ''^''* "lasted, nja- i „„:,■'. """""eo. and my allreh«h for labor. To be Vj ^" '' ""J! ' '^^ I had lost gentleman of honor. But robbLT? «!''"'"*''• •>«".« a "'"" -«ed out Of U^^oXr^^'r ^-eS APPENDIX. 141 pence, and yet under the necessity of makinjr some ex- ertion, tlie foli )wing dialogue occurred between Inclina- tion and Conscience: — Inclination. I «ni now in want : but I am expert and brave in the business of piracy, which I have pursued for a number of years by a license from the American government. As the war ended, my license expirc^d ; but my thirst for rapine still remtiins. Now, why is it more unjust to rob, or even murder, innocent people, in time of peace, than in time of war? Conscience. I hardly know how to answer your ques- tion. Such robbery and murder seem to be a cruel bu- siness at any time, though governments pretend that it is just and necessary. I do not see how a state of war can render It just, any more than a state of peace. Inclination. I have another question : if such robbe- ry and murder are in their own nature unjust or wicked, can a license from rulers make them just'and laudable ? Conscience. Certainly it cannot. Inclination. Then it is as rioht for me to follow the business of piracy now, as it was during the time that my license was allowed to be good. But admitting it to be true, that it is a slate of war which makes robbery and murder just and commendable,~what then ? War IS war by whomsoever it maj be waged, and why cannot 1 make war as well as an Emperor, a King, or even a t/ongress 1 Conscience. J know you can easily make war-^ but whether it will be just in you to do so, is a serious qHes- tion. ^ ^^ Inclination. If I make war, I can at least call it just and necessary," and this is the way that govern- ments make just and necessary wars. But whether a war he really just or unjust, when it is once made, rob- bery and murder, you know, become deeds of alorv according to the laws of war, which are acknowledged by christian nations. ^ To these last observations. Conscience found nothinff to object, though her countenance indicated regret. Sh« saw that Inclination had the examples of rulers and the laws of war clearly on his side. Nor could she pretend that wars are generally made by better men than myself. 1 therefore procured a company of as brave felloivs as ever wielded a sword, presented a musket, or managed 149 -APPENDIX. « cannon. I npxf niwn- j «™ed her for Z^J^^X " T! "-"""T -"«I. „„d 'vluol, ,vn, „, j„„ „„,r^;74- ' then »«A „„,_„ « K.njf, „r Emperor, ; ami :, ..-^ J" "'« ""^ m«d.. I.y manner as honorable ami „ ! '"'" <=<"'<''«'ied in a «••.' never, eZ^UaTJ^t'Tf tV"''"' " f""- b < .1 necessity a, i, ,,!^^ «"»^»'>fneces,,^^^ me„„ ^.../h' 'v.th truti,, that I Imve^on. I "■■• ^"'l ^ niay affi,™ annually, ,(,„« mXe2 .T "'•'r l."'">' '^''"'^ " .^ three preceding yearj"* '^P'""*' "-an I did i„ „,« report favorable^t^Ti^'e' X:",'; f-f'S" «?'«""»« '""^ a the Committee .„pposV7';°'f''c petitioners; but that by negotiation with othl i ''"""*'' '"■"" be effe,- e] mended the subject tothrSe?'.""" '5"«'""'« ~ which I have heird very «t.l! IT l"'^ "^ ^••'•■- Since An I understood theaffafr i. """^ '" 'he busings ' it is not so bad a7hi„?^VrTe'"^ """"*"'"'' ' «« abolmon of it on their V„ ZnTi'" "",_ ""iish, on ' lime of me. 8 really tated to ? But ualified nuncia- nd the Jt peo- ate. f war; bJe. I ngress ; and he A- ice, I n sev- e Jed apec- link I could persuade tliem to abandon robbery, if I could have the example of the American government in my favor. As soon as I shall see an act u( Congress for the abolition of maritime depredation^; in time of war evincing as real a disposition to reform themselves as Id punish others, I will follow their example, and employ all my influence to reform my subjects. Tiiey have in- deed an ardent love of military jrlory ; and, like other christians, they esteem it as " the greatest of all glo- ries ;" but I think ihey might be reclaimed, could they but have a noble example from the American government. Till such an example be given, should any of them fall into your hands, let them be treated with that humanity which is due to brave and unfortunate prisoners of war. — — VINCENT II.* Supposed to be the successor of the renowned Vin- cent Cambi. TEN MATHEMATICAL QUESTIONS. 1. If killing a neighbor to revenge a wrong, to settle a controversy, or to acquire wealth, be murder, when done by a poor man— how much property must a man possess to render such conduct innocent? 2. If wantonly or maliciously taking the life of a brother, be an infamous crime in a private citizen— how high m office must a man be exalted to render such an act deserving of praise t 3. If the combination of three ruffians for the prac- tice o; robbery and murder, be a crime de8prvin'K'>. for height of a gallon, for the,. S ";•'"" "'""'''' ^^ 'he has caused the death otlmm men J*''""' ""''""• "'''• INVOCATION TO THE PKINCE OF PEACE Ga^AT Prince of peace ! enthron'd above N,m fill rr"* "mP"™ compassion ! ' nJ "'f """■''' "'"'h peace and love • Diffuse thy great salvation. ' No more let cannon, swords, and spears F IJ earth with dire confus on, '^ ' Destrucon, horror, ^rief, and 'tears. The fruits of mad delusion. True love to God, and love to man, J ulfil the glorious gospel plan, insure divine protection. Great Prince of peace ! descend and rei^n Redeeming every nation ; "'«"' Attolish crime. An.l .,..:i. .... 'I'k-, I ' '.".'" ?•'*"'» onu pain. I hroughout this va.t creation. k. FINIS. ian to Jove itniGa, mid n« must be lie authur- that God must be to com- id destroy »nd maii- e Purity, JSt he. the 9 crimes )bbers op ligh, for be the on, wh« ICE. K.