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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 ,1 i I if- ^Veffri/fy, y Cef/fi rfS^rr/ mjj. {^ ,.'» ,' •^ \ IPef 100 I O 00- c o 00 1»- 52 ^ ^ i-~ C 00. 80 PU M ^ ^ c c I" S ILE 00 c s c^i L i V E L 00 o lO Ui 100 ^ 4- ^ 3 Miles 6 (0 Specimen W king PrX)flle se' yagH 20. Jloof/s, o-> ■s!^ *V (.'"' ,.<' >\ \V' ^ ^' ,(V ^^ — " — T— _. •' ^^^--^ , S % ^ ^ ^ • ^l • •-1 ^i ^1 s E L •50 Per 100 2e-'4 OPei I /— * ^.^ c c^ »^ ^ >! n C 7^1 ?! »C »^ -^ -* i' l^ r^ t^ t- t^ N i> — * r-w — . — ^ — .-_ S ^ S S o o (0 o s X X »«• M o o k-^ o cc © ;d r* K l> h- , Is -1 1 •-^ •^ '•^ ^ •H "* % % • 5i % »CI »^ >»• e^i 1^ ^ »0 •* CO o My _— .^ Side Ditch Cut M Gradient Cut Formation "^ 5 12 ui o •o 6 m 150 Su RFACE ILL J c CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE ENGINEER IN CHIEF TO THE ST^FF. J\'o. 1.— Explorations and Surveys. J^'o. 2.— The Purveyors^ Branch. nN'o. S.— Location and Construction. A'o. 4.—0ro-n/n'.z/(fio// of thr EiiM TlIK KNCilNKKU IN VIUKV TO TUK STAFF I'^XIM.oUATH »NS and I'lnCIilMlNAllY SUKVKVS. Firsf. — 7') I'jftiii/incrs in i-hfiriif of Pdi'lifK. 1. Tho iiiMillciniiii plnrod at tho head of a ]xirty will bo j;,,,,,,,,,^). required to take licncral chariic of it, and the Cliioi" Jlliigi- luiity of lUM'v will look to him lor the i)ro])t'v and laithlul oxocutiou H'-"! «>t' of all instructions, whether ii(MUM'al or special, which may '" -^^ 1)0 iiivtMi from tinio to time, as well as for tho niaintoi anco of ])roper disciplino in tho i)arty. 2. Evory mombor of tho party wdll bo nndor tho F^niji- conuuiK- noor in charf each Division of the Survey, and when practicable, to cer- ^"i'i»i>'"- ♦Note. — These General Instructions were issued on tlic 24th May 1871, and an^ fitill in force, excepted in so far as they conflict witli the Instnictious in reference to tlie Purveyors, (now issued,) in whicli case the latter aie to be observed. tain iiit(M*mocliato points ; this will bo done by the Commis- Nrtiiut Dopartmont, but the Engineer in charge nuist, l)el'ore starting lor his Held ol' operation, ol>tain a complete list of all supplies intended to be forwarded, and if any article appear to him to be wanting or snperlluous, or if any change in the proposed arrangement respecting the mode of supply appears advisable, hi* shall at once confer with the Commissariat Officer, and before leaving for the survey he shall arrive at a perfect understanding with respect thereto. ami Cull) tiiiHHurint Oftirer to net in contort. 5. The Commissariat OlHcer is instructed to procure and forward the very best of each article rcjuired, and to use every means in his power to maintain a sufficient supply of provisions and stores. The Engineer in charge must, however, look sufficiently far ahead with reference to the movements of his party, to be able to advise that officer as to the nature and quantity of stores required, and the place where they must be delivered, and there must be a clear and distinct understanding between thi ..; that they will be delivered at the time and place required. The Engineer will also see that proper care is taken of the supplies, and that there is no waste. Work tobe 6. As the seasou for field operations is limited, the Engi- (liiijicntiy neer in charge is expected to see that every member of his party performs his duty with diligence, and that every effort is made to carry out the w^hole of the work in a satis- factory manner. 7. Each exploring party shall be designated by a letter of the alphabet, and all articles of equipment, supplies, books, papers and records, belonging to the party shall be marked with and known by that letter. don Knch Party to have a (Iistin> guJHliing letter. En^fineer 8. In conducting the survey the Engineer of a party is in Charge, expected to be at its head every day, exploring in front, and to the right and left of the line, in order to see what obs- tructions may be in the w^ay of the same, and if serious, decidinff as to the best manner of avoiding them. Transit line near probable Location . 9. It is not expected that the first survey through wooded districts will, as a rule, be the best position for the railway ; it will, however, be the aim of the Engineer in charge to have the " Transit Line " not very far distant from a practicable railway line. The " Transit Line " on which the measurements are taken will form a base on which to project an approximate section, and the Engineer in charge, by noting the features of the country on both > I Bidt'8 oi* tht» linos, will ))(.» ahlo to inako uiul approximuU' 8oc- tion as the wurvoy procevds. 10. In many call's it will ))«' dosiraM*' forth*' Kni»in»MT in chargo whih* makiim* his daily «'xi>lorations, t<» tako hnro- metric c'h'vutions ol'tho yroiind, notinu' hy ostinmtion the approximate i)OHition oithe p<>ints otOhservation in relation to the " Transit J^ine." These elevations shonld he redn- ced afterwards to the dsituni of the survey, and marked upon the plan in their i)roper jmsition. This, as w«'ll as the general features of the country, should he marked upon the plan every day, while the whole is I'resh in the memory. The harometric elevation will answt'r for roui»h cross sec- tions, and be useful in determinini'' on the plan, the posi- tion of the approximate location line, and also in compiling an approximate section of the same, 11. The Enuineer in charge must have t\\ <> barometers, one to be carried by himsell", the other t«. hang in camp ; the cook, if moderately intelliu-ent, can in a short time, be instructed U> o))serve and record its readings, and he should do so regularly nt every hour of the d;iv. Bv this means the Lngineer in charge, (who will note th(» time when his own observations, are taken) will be able to correct roughly all his observations, ascertain by comparison the height of each point above the camp (this being known), and thus hv enabled to reduce all to the level a])ove the datum of the survey. Barometers will be furnished by the Government. 12. The Engineer in charge will find it of great service while exploring, to carry with him light steel climbers, made to enable him to climb a tree with facility. By this means he ^vill irequently be enabled to obtain a good knowledge of the topography of the surrounding country, and take such general observations and })earings as may be useful in directing the survey. A pair of climbers will be furnished with the stores for each party. 13. It may frequently be necessary to move camp w^hen circumstances will rendor the available force of packmen inadequate for this duty, at such times it will ho proper and expedient for all, or as many members of the Statf as the Engineer in charge may direct, to assist in this work. The Engineer in charge will, however, be go\'erned by circums- tances, and use his best judgment in having this done in such a manner as will least delay the survey. 14. Instructions for the instrumentalists are printed on the first page of each of the " Field Books," (copies accom- tirnl tiuiiM, Oiu' Ilnro intlcr in Sti'il tliinlMTB. Stntl' to assist ill moving Ciunp. Instnic tions in Field 1 looks. (ll»S'TVll- tion-^ tor Mi'iMliiiii and l.iiti- tn.l'. l!"t<'r<'ii((' StiiU.-s iiinl Hciich Mar Us. G l^anyinir this), and fh«* uiid»'rsiL>iio(l will look to the Eniri- iii'er ill charu'vi to svf th«*.se ir«*Ji«'ral instructions carried out. IT). It is important iliat oV. nervations ol' t lie polo or some other star should <»ceasioji;illy hf made (say once in every ten miles) vhen the \v«Mthcr will admit of its heinu' done, in order to check the traverse ol' the line. The latitude ol" certain ])oints should also he determined approximatelv, whenever a lavourahh* opportunity occurs, hy nieaus of an o})servation of either the uj>per or lower transit of the pole- star, or otherwise : the l*]niiineer in charo-e taking care, hovvevt'r, that both th«*.se ohjec-ts are ett'ected in such a man- ner and at such times as not in any way to delay the pro- ij;Tess ot* the surveyiiiLi* party. 10. At the startin-i" point and determination of each divi- sion oi' the Survey, the I'hitzineer in chari;-e will see that consi)icuous " lv''leren<:e Stakes " and " Bench Marks" are (^stahlished \nth all necessary information resi)ectinii,' the Survey and adoj^ted d:itum, distin<*tly written thereon. AVhen two Divisions of the Survey lorni a junction, the two Entrineersin charire will / see that the two -traverses are properly (.-onnecti'd. / \ and the aniile formed by the two lin«'s, mea- each of the "• Field / must also })e coniiec- nion " Bench Mark" the elevation of the ^ r e s p e c t i V e datums on, thus : — party arrivinii- at the irress ol' the .sur- vey, to forward special instructions to the ]*]niiineer in char- ge of a party ; for this and other reasons, that ollicer will take speci'il care that whenever he changes his camping ground, a notice is distinctly written (upon a tree or else- where, in such a conspicuous position that it can be readily seen by any one pas.sing along the line) containing the follow- ing, viz : — 1st. The distingui.shing letter of the DiA'ision of the Survey. 2nd. The number of the camp. Each camp sliould 111- uuiiibcreci ooDsecutively from tlio beginning oftlic division. 3rd. The date of the removal of the camp. 4th. The prol)a])le direction and di.stance to the next camping ground. 5th. The name of the Engineer in charge of party. 21. All field notes must be clearly and distinctly made in pencil on the spot, no additional notes should be entered with the original notes after the day o^^ which the latter are written. Field notes should not be inked or changed in any way ; copies of them may be made in ink and reduced levels entered in ink. 22. All plans and profiles must be plotted so that the end of the survey line (whatever may be the direction of local sinuositie.s) nearest the Pacific Ocean shall be at the left hand of the paper, and the end of the survey line nearest the Atlantic, at the right hand. 23. Horizontal scales must be 400 feet to an inch ; Verti- cal ucales 30 feet to an inch. 24. Sunday should if possible be a day of rest. "Without in the least desiring to dictate on the subject, attention is requested to the suggestions regarding service on Sundays, Fi.'ld Notes. Plans & Protilts. Scales. Sundays . 8 which have been placed in the hands of the Enif^neers in charge Diaries. 25. The Engineer in charge will be furnished with a diary and note book, in which he will enter daily, a record of the progress of survey and every thing relating thereto. Second. — Instructions to Transit-men. rnlformi- 1y t".!^»' in aiiii'l*^ to the riu'lit ^>v I'-l't inTi.st 1)»' (j;u(.!nl!y iiol hI. 'oi'ii'iu'"" 0. The ohiiiniiiu- must !)*» as correct as possibl*^ a stake riuiiuiii-, ])«'inu' driven at the end oi evtTv hundred h-et, and the num])er of chains i'rom the starlinu" point of the Division marked theron. 10. At every ehanL>'e in Hit- direction oi" the line a hvru'er stake shouhl he driven, lia\inu-tlie distance nuirked thereon. 11. The liric must )>i> cleared sulliciently to admit oi'levels beinii" taken. 12 At the commenc»'nn'nt oi' the snrv»\v it is desiral)h' that o])servations shotihl !»e tak n to esta})lish the hititiuh' and determin(^ the aiiiile whiili the Hue to be surveyed makes with the trtie meridian ; the latter should be done once in every ten miles or once a week ii" possible, (in order to check the traverse), a/id llie jurmer when practi- calile ; these observations shotild ])e tnk«'n at such times as will not interfere with the progress oi the survey. 18. The chaininu' will be not.'il re<.'ularly irom the bottom of the pag'e u])wards, each hundred feet stake driven })eiiij^ noted on a separate lint\ the s))iic*' on each side oi' the coltTmn for distunees beinu' use! lor such jiotis and sketches to the riirht and left of the line as may be necessary in order to u'ive a u'eneral idea oI'IIk' country. 14. Note every stream and river crossed, its size, direc- tion, probable maximum volume, and any peculiarities which it may secern to possess. 15 Every member of the party will l)e under the iMiU'i- neer in charu'e and must ob(»y his orders. The Commis- sariat Olhcer in charu'e of tin' transport ol' provisions will receive instru<'tions from and be advised V)v th(^ P^nu'i- neer in chari>-e, and in the absence of the former the packmen will obey the orders of the latter. 16. In the event of the absence or illness of the Engineer in charg'e, and unless he shall otherwise determine, it will be the duty of the Transit-man to take charge of the party and direct its movements. Third. — Instrtictions to Leiwffers. The object of the Survey, «Src., (fee. (8ee Instructions to Transit-men.) 1. In keeping field notes the first duty every morning First <«n. will be to enter the date and the name of the Leveller, try in Lc- whose notes 'e to be recorded. ^^' ^^"'■'^• o Notis i>ii Rivers, Kii:;iiii.'(jr ill I'liMry-i' »\: C'diu- iiiissiiriut Oniccr. T''ii)iinru- rv H.a.I nf I'ailv. 10 Ni'ti s not (llllllSftMl. Notes or UivtTs, Plottinsr of Plans i Profile. Srales. Kiijjfineer in Ch.irge & Com-' missariat Officor, Tompora- rv Head of Part V. 2. All lit'ld iiotos must h.' d.-arly and distinctly made i:i p(>iicil on the s{)ot. no additional iiolfs should he entered with the oriuinal notes alter the day on which tlie latter are written. Field notes should not he inked or chanu'ed in any way; coj^ies of them may he made in ink and reduced levels entered in ink. •J. Ij'MK'h marks sliould he reoularly «\stahlished ah out <'very l.oOi) feet apart, and the elevation al)ov.' datum written thereon thus :— the lettiM- under- neath heino- th(^ distiim-uishinu- mark of the particular division of the survey- ami of the party. Each Px'uch-mark must ])e descrihed in the columns of remarks. 4. Xot" every stream and river crossed, its size, direction, hwel of surface, dillerence of levels hetween hiuh and low water if practicahle, and any peculiarities which it mav seem to possess. 5. All plans and profiles must he plotted so that the end of the survey line (whatever may he the direction of local sinuosities) nearest the Pacific Ocean shall l)e at the left hand of the paper, and the end of the survey line nearest the Atlantic, at the riu'ht hand. 6. Hori:.ontal scales must he 400 ie«'t to an inch. Vertical scales 80 feet to an inch. 7. Every member of the party will he under the Enu'i- neer in charge, and must obey his orders. The Commissa- riat C)lTicer in charge of the transport of pro^-isions -will receive instructions from and be advised by the Enuineerin charge, and in the absence of the former the packman will obey the orders of the latter. 8. The Engineer in charge will name the person who is to take charge of the party durine- his temporary absence or illness, in the event of his failing to do so the Transit- man shall take charcfe. t ^ Ottaw^a, 24th Ma>, 1871. SANDFOPtD FLEMINa, Engineer-in- Ch ief. i 1 :i (;anai)ia\ tacific railway. t t GENERAL IXSTUUCTIONS (No. 2.) FROM THE ENGINEER IN CHIEF TO THE STAFF. T/'ie Ptirrn/ors llrdnrh. 1. In or.lt'v toicli.'ve iho p]iiL>'iiiooriii'_:" Stall' of all respoiLsibility in coiiiioctiou with puichiis.'s, payments and accounts, The Hon. the Minister oi' Fublic Works has directed the oruanization of a Pur- veyors I)e[)artment in connection with the survey, and instructions hav<' been i,^.sut'd, copies •)l\vlii(]i are herewith enclos^'d. 2. It thereibrc })ecomes the duly ol'the various members of the En- liineerinu- ►Stall' to endeavour to render the system now adopted as successful as p<)ssi])l(\ 3. The ii-overninu' prijiciplc of the new" system is that I'very pur- chase, enu'au'ement or liability incurred (other t^-'U the ap})ointment of the Stall' and men directly connected therewith) shall be effected ))y one of the Furveyors or his agents. The hiring- or purchas- ing of mules, horses or other means of transport, the furnishing of tents, blank(^ts, or other equipment, the purciiasc of su])piies, and the transportation of everything" to where it nniy be wanted, devolves upon the Purveyors and their deputies . 4. As heretofore, the Senior Ennineers in the field shall assume «j ■ '^ral charo-e. shall maintain ])roper discipline and if necessary shall suspend or order the dismissal of any of the men who may be insubordinate or otherwise unlitted for their duty. 5. In order to obtain everythina" necessary for the survey, the Pur- veyor should be furnished Avith a requisition detailing the same, and it will then be his duty, without !' a p nt y \\ijl rur;iis]i ct'riilicd ii^ts('J" the Slali" iiiul ini'ii iiiKlfV his cluirui', iiiviiit»' ihcir tiuif IVom njonlli to inojitli. I'rom th'sc lists th<' ruvvcvor will ])i'i'p;irt' V.\\ sh showiiiii- the personal accounts oi' each [x-ison. Tho rate ol* NalaiX' ol'Stall' !)cinu' t'slahlisJKMl at llic Head oliic"; tlicratc i>\' wau'cs oi th ' uicn, ])y the Purveyor o;- thr auciii w ho lias hii'<'v hi> au'"iit. !•. The r(Mpiisition ol'an l-hmiuccr is the authority lor the I'urvcvor to incur tin' ''xpciuliturc ; ihc I'urvcyor alone will l>i» n sponsi])li' for the carryinLi" out of the requisition in accordance wiih his ]nstru<-tion> from th*^ ])epartnieut oi' I'ublic Works, and lie will be re(piired io satis/y the IJepurtnient that the expenditure has been projx'rly ni.ele. 10. The I'hiuineiM' will not bt» ve(|uir*»d to certify to the accuiaey of any accounts, exeeptinu' those respectinu' which he alone has definite knowleduv, in all ordinary cases his recpiisition will be sulficient to show that the ser^'ice or })urchase was //nrssttr// and it will to that extent be the Purveyor's Voucht'r 11. In niakinu' requisitions on the Purveyors a due reii'ard to economy and the actual recpiirements of tlu^ Seiviee must be exer- eised. It is also important and necessary that the Eu'jineer should U'ive as lona' notice as possible, in order tlu't tli»^ Purvtwormav have ample time to comply with the IJecjuisition. 12. In the event oi' the Purvey(»r or his aii'ent failiuii' to meet the wishes and reasonable recpiireuKUits of the Eno-inccr, in any essen- tial particular, wlieth<^r with reu'ard to tht' furnishino- of suitable j)ro visions, the enii'a^'inii' of proper men, the procu]in<2: of transport, or the delivery of supplies atjn-oper times an S. Flunimx. OthiWM, April 20th, 187;'). Sir I iiiii (linH'lcd to enclose you copies of iiistnu;tions to tho ihrco Purvoy'Vs appoiuti'd to the sm'crnl artmental reuidations' as laid down to your chief assistants, so far as ihe instructions ap]dy to each of them, and to Knu'inecrs in chariiv in the several districts. I have the honor to he, Sir Your obedient servant, F . B E A II N , Eevrttary. s-i^s^ap"'"*" SANDb'OUD FjiEMIX(;. E^^U- Enuineer in C'lii'd'. Tacilic IJaihvav. I No 4l>9.3. Sir, Copy of DejHir(i/ienlurchase the necM^ssary stores, supplies and material r«'(|uire(i hv the iMi'j'ineer Parties accordinu' to instrui.'tions from the Department as may he from time to time uiven. lind. To l'i»rv.ard these stores and su]>plies as iii'cessity may dictate. .'h"d. To lay dow)i a lystem by which you will h" duly notilit^l of the wants of parties, so there will he no p:i\ ation Irom defi- ciciu-y of supplies, however remote the pin-ty may ))e. 4th. The payment of a<'counts for stores, provisions. tVc. thus purchased, at the same time t(» assurt' yourstdf of the correctiu^ss of all accounts as far as practica))le. ')th. The responsibility will lie with vou that the hooks are ke])t svstematicallv, and that (»ach voucher hears on its luce the nature of the payment, shewinu" whether made in cash or hy cheque, and I'or wdiat service or material the amount is paid. (jth. All vouchers must he taken in triplicate, (^nr to l)e kejit hy V(mrs(df, our to l)e forwarded to the actinu' Auditor, of/r to he sent to this Department at the end of the month. The vouch«'r sent to the actinii- Auditor will l)e accompanied ])y a requisition, and checjue for the amount of the voucher, siuned hy yours(df ; this cheque wdien countersiu'nt^d hy the actinu- Auditor, will be returned to you and wnll })e then available for bankinii' uses. It is only when sisi'ned by yourself and countersiuned bv the actinu' Auditor that such cheque will he i)ayable at the Bank where you are notihed a credit in favor of tln' Department has been estal)lished. The requisition sent by you will l)e held by the acting Auditor as his w^arrant for countervsig-ninii- the cheque. The actinc;- Auditor will also countersign the voucher sent him to the ett'ect that a cheque for such account has been given, and he will then return it to your office. This voucher will likewise be forwarded to this Department every quarter for transfer to the Audit Office. A Deputy Purveyor will be attached to each party. In the Camp, he will be amenable to thc! orders of the engineer in charge and J 1.-) sulmiit to tin' (li.s(i])iine <»; the Ciiiiip. IIi> duty will ho in tnke chin'LiT (>r tilt' .siii)j>lit's, stores ami iii;ittMinl drlivort'd to iho party, and to snj^piv what is ikt -ssary. acc(»riii('»'r. A sum of iiioiify to the amount yon mny consider (>xi)«'di»'nt, will he jtlacrd in the liainjs (»!" tin' Dojnity I'urvevor lor nnddnu' purchases in <'asli. when it is m)t ]>ractica})le to pav i>v chc«j\n', owinu" to the distance the j)arty may he iroin })ankinu;' centres. This sum ol niom y advanced (»n o})en account must If adjusti'd nn)nthlv. The Deinilv Purveyor will on 1st of each month reixirl the extent and ann)unt ol" his purchases and the cash })alanc«' remaiiniiii' on hand. In remote stations he will for- ward these re])orts as oppoi-tunity mayoti'er. Jn every case, he will furnish a voucher for the paynu'uts nnide. AVhi'ii under ex«*eptional circuinstances no voucher can he ohtained. he will fully ex])lain why 8U<'h voucher has not l»cen uivcMi. In cases oi' purchases at camp awav from Head (Quarters, his account will 1k» attested ])y the Senior Enu'iiu'cr in charu'c of the ('am]>. and wliere a voucher is not ohtainahle. the stati-nuMit of the Purveyor so attested ))y the Kuii'ineer. will ))e acc^ejited l)y you as a voucher. VoY all dis])ursements soever, the Deputy Purveyor will ho res- ponsihle to yourself, it will he necessary to furnish him with certain stores for the private us<' of the men such as hoots, socks, clothinility iind their duties in iicroi'tbince wiih tiic J.)i']);irtnu'nttd instructions to youvsell'. In the pur<'h:is(' ol* stores, the account when prneticahle, in the iirst phuM', will l)e certilied hy your sul>ordiniit(^ aLient and aii'ain })y vourselr. The amount recpiired lor the open aeeouiils ol' I'urvevoi-'s will be obtained on recpiisition siu'iu'd ))y yoursell' t(t th«' actinu' auditor, setttinii' lorth the necessity for sucli disbursements. In i)ureliasinL'' material and i)ro\'isions, you must exercise due caution that wliile on iUi' one hand they are of ut'ood (juaiily and suUicient in all r«'si)ects, they be paid lor al lair market value, and that (^xtrava'_>'ante orcharuc be avoided. Where practicable, you will a(lvi»rti/e lor teiub'rs, and so much as possibh^ all supplies will l)e furnished by a Contractor stdiM-ted from the parties so tend»'rini»-. When refeience cannot be nnub' to this DepartuKMit, you will consult with the Senior Ji^niiineer as in the best tender for seh'ction. In ihe absence of iheSenior I'lniiineci', voti will confer with th»' olUcer he will desiuiiate to re])resent him in his absence. When difference of oi)inion <'xisls, the matter must be referred to this Di'partment by ttdeuraph. You must however bear in mind that where the exiuencies of the service exact that a supply be immediate, ami that delay will ])rove detrimental to the public interest, that tenders may be dis- pensed with. In all such cases you will report the cir<'umstances which sUL»'iT;'ested the purchase without callini^- for tenders, sidtinti^ forth the emerii'eiicy through which you have acted. I am directed iurthin* to add that the lion, the ^Minister is coo-ni- zant of the onerous nature of the duties which he is imposing- upon vou, on the other hand ho has full cimiidence that these duties will be efliciently performed duriiiu' the period they are entrusted to you. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, (Signed), F . B R A U N , Secretary CANADIAN I'ACIl-lC IJAIUVAY (iKNKUAI. INSTRUCTIONS (No. :!. ) Klin.M Till-: KXC.IXKKl^ IN ClllKF TO TWK STAFF. Lornfioi) innl Cdtni/rnrfiotf. U is important that a uiiiionu nvnUmu he adopted in stak- in., out th. ^vovk^ niakino- in.;>su.vments, outoriiio- l.old notes, propnriti^ atul pr.s.rvinL. .xact records of every thin^ done. Th.' uiidersiuiied, therefore, recpiests that the lollow- iuose ol' nieasuri'nient and ri'C-ord, the Line -n.. Cur- of Railway will he considered as rnnnini. Easterly and ainui^ Westerly. -> \11 Proliles ov Lonuitudinal Sections will he plotted so profii.s. aslo^ placi' the Westerly (Mid to the left hand, and the Easterly end to the right hand. '^, All Cross Sections will be plotted so that the measure- cvoss merits north ol- the Centre Line will be /.//, those south oi s.uou«. the Centre Line riii,'ht. 4 All Field Notes must be clearly and distinctly made in yuM pencil, copies will be made in ink ; but the original notes notes. must on no account be inked or chan-ed in any way, only ivMluced levels or other h-ures calculated in the olRce should be entered in ink in Held books. Field books mnst contain the name of the person by whom the measurements and notes are made. He will invariably accompany the notes with ample explanations, so that any o her ]l.nsineer could easily Hnd the locality, and understand the whole at a . The same uem'ral Datum should he carriiMl throuLrhout tJie whoh^ Line ; l)Ut as this may ut present he lound im- l^racticahle or inconvenient, each Dist i t I'^nii-ineer will only he required to see that a unilorm Ditum is adopted oii th»' several Divisions oi' the work within his J)islrict. When thi' lev«'ls meet at tlie ends oj' Districts, the exact dillcrences will he ascertained, and placed on record. 0. The lirst duty of the Division l<]nuineer will bo to ostahlish. with perfect accuracy, Bench Marks and lieter- ence Stakes throuu'hout the Contract und-round at least 5 feet, and completely prevented from being raised by the Irost, 8, Reference Stakes should be placed at least at the be- ginninii- and end of each curve, and on tano-ents at every 20 chains ; their object is to facilitate the iinding of the centre line in the event of tho stakes being- destroyed j>y lire or otherwise. They should be placed at an angle of 45" to the line of tangents, and at even distances of say 100 j'eet from the centre stake, at the intersection of diagonal lines con- necting them, as in Fig. 1 Where the Railway runs along the edge of a River, or for any other reason, lieference Stakes can only be placed at one side of the line ; they should be driven as shown in Fig. 2 : the intei mediate Stakes being placed exactly at right angles with the centre line, and respectively 30, 60, and 100 feet from it. f V.) I.7«r 2. i <*■ ^^ X ••••[r*"n--'-n /. +• y Fig. 1. ^5 Station i.r >< f'ontre Stake. V I // H. riu^s 8 iiK'lu'8 diaiiu'tor aiul 12 inches long should be Reference driven levid with the surface uround at the loot oi' all Re-Pl'iK*"- ierence Stakes, and a nail in the head of each Pluii* should show the exact horizontal distance intended from the Centre Stake, All Centre Stake's and K>' Terence Stakes should have their tops i)ainted blue in order that th(W may readily 1)0 distinguished. 10. Tables of ImuicIi Marks and Referonce Stakes, des-rpg,^,,^,^ ,, cribinsi* exactly their position and in the case of the former B. M .v «riA'ini^" their numbers and elevation above the «»'eneral^- '^ Datum of th(^ District, must be made out, and copies filed in the Division and District Oifices. The position, numbers, and height of Bench Marks, should also be entered on the working* proliles at the nearest station points. 11. So soon as the Centre Line has been carefully defined on the ground, and Reierence and Bench Marks established, in accordance with the above instructions, it will be thepr^^i^^s. duty of the Engineer in change to make a longitudinal Sec- tion or working Profde, to accomplish which with accuracy a " Plug " must be driven at the foot of and imm«^diately in front of each centre stake (or station). The Plug: wall be made level with the surface of the ground, and upon it the levelling rod must be held when levels are taken. 12. The working Profile will be made on drawing paper to a scale of 200 feet horizontal, and 20 feet vertical. The gradients will be drawn with great care by the District En- gineer, and, after being approved by the Engineer-in-Chief, and finally adopted, they w^ill be show^i by a red line ; the ^j^.^ working Profile will be completed by drawing black lines profiles. 20 Sidr- (litches. Centro Stakes Cross Scc'h. at every K'O feet, on uliie ])la('e(l ihe i^'orni- atioii-h'Vcl. in v«'riieal red lii>"ures ; the height ol' Fills will he i)lae«'d Im-Ioav the surJaee-lieiuhts. while ihe deplli of Cuts will b«' ])hu-«'d above the reduec^l Vt'iiiuition-level. Cuts and Fiil>. will be wrilten in blaek siopinu liiini-es, hav- inu' IxM'ii ascertained by subslractinu" surfaee and formation- levels, the on»' from th<' other. ^\t each rhaiiixc oi ^^rdflie.}!!, the vertical line's will be in red and the heiii'ht olTormation- level writt*']! in the same colour but w ith larger lii>-ures than at th<' int«M-m«*diat(^ stations. AVherc side-dilehes are made aloiii>- eith«'r .osi1e side the heii>-ht or depth of the Pluu- above or below fornudion level, to indicate th«* depth of cutting or height of lilling ; thus, Cut 10.0.5 or Fill 4.70. 14, The next proceedina* will be to nnike Cross Sections, These will be taken at least at «n'ery 100 feet Station, whet- her in eiittinifs or embankments, and also at a sulhcient number of intermediate points, wherever a change in the ground takes place, so as to insure a perfectly accurate re- cord of the various ineqtialities of the original surface. These Cross Sections will extend a sulhcient distance on each side of the centre-line to cover the ground to be excavated for side-ditches, where such may be required. ■4 i'r'C,-. 21 1 . ill l)la( k urouiul on tho 'ic Forni- (>r Fills H' (li'ptll KMI-leVl'l. IKS, hav- •nnation- niiialion- r liu'ures clios an^ [)urpos(' J'hnbaiik- l)hio line 1 o{ thinr nrked, in cs. The laniioT ill Liniionnly 1, that all ouiul and 1(1 iiu'ures ml. 'I'he im' to the <> 1)0 blue : lie," which i;.y hoa'in distance thus, 804, 1' side the iioii hn'el, \vy ; thus, ! Sections, on, wliet- sulficient U'e in the curate re- i\ These each side vated for 15. At these int(M'in('dia1e points Centre Stakes will I )e I Sc( 'ii I.iiH s. Cress Sl on the loniiitudinal line, always commencinu' oiL a Ij.^nch Mark, and usinu' the same Datum, the levels should be continued throuuh a S(U'ies of Cross i.fvN Sections (takinu' < iire to enter the lUimbiM- ol' station and distance from centre iim\ noith or south, opposite each point taken), till anothei- In-nch Mark is reached, on which a level must ])e taken to test the accuracy of the whole series, and so on to the next IJench Mark. IS. In all Cross Sections a level shotdd be taken on each sid(^ of centr(> line, immediately und(M' or over tlu^ eds"!* of road l>e(l, to facilitate the calculations of areas: that is to say, if the base of cuttinu's be 22 ieet and embankmi'uts 17 feet, levels should be taken at 11 feet I'roni the centre lin<\ in the one case, and H Ieet (5 in. in the other. Levels should also I>e taken at every point wher(> there is a sudden chann'e in the surfaci^ of the uronnd. AVIumc ( )ll'-tal-;e drains are 9'^'".*''^^^' re(juired, a lonu'itudiniil section of them must be nunle in the same manner as for the Centre-line of Railwav aiul, if ne- cessarv Cross-sections will also be made. Mnnns. 19. AVlien these li(dd operations are comjdeted, the Datum i^-'itnin of of each Cross Section will be reduced iojornm/iotf level on [^,'.|*r^ 22 Station lltiok. Si'ctinii Book. Alt stiM Coi'ii'S. IMottin:: ( 'ross Slopi! stakes. the Centre line at the point where each Cross Section is taken ; and the relative heis^hts ol' all points on the* Cross tSection, above or below this level, will b(^ computed, and entered, touelhcr with the distances from the Centre l^ine, in a ]]ook (Form No. 1) prepared lor that purpose, and oi' which an example is here ii;iven. In some cases it may ho, more convenient to take the levi'ls ibr (.'ross Sections Irom the riu_"s driven on the centre line ; ])ut in every instancti they must be reduced to fornialioii leiwl as a Da/fuif, and so recorded in JJook (Form No. 1.) All distances must be made on horizontal lines, and measurements and cab'ulations ol' every kind must be made with as much accuracy as possible. 20. This Ijook must be lilled up so that it will ibrm a complete and accurate record of all the lonii'itudinal and transverse measurements and levels on each Division or Contrai^t ; in the upper portion of each page must be (Mi- tt'red in the proper place the chaiiiinu' to every Station and intermediate point on the Centre lim , each chauf'-e of gra- dient and the rate of inclination, the height of Surface as well as Formation level at each Station and intermediate point, and the dei)th of Cutting or h(»ight of Filling at each Point. The lower part of the page will have every Cross Section regularly entered, givinu" in each case the distances north and south of the Centre line, and the height above or the depth below f >rmation level. The Slope Stakes will also be designated. Three accurate copies of the Section Hook will be required, one for the Division, a second for the District, and a third i'or the Head ()ffic(». Each copy must be made from the original notes, and a iter wards compared with each other to ensure^ accuracy ; and they must also ])e pro- ]->erly attested and dated. Ta])les of liench ]\Iarks and Reference Stakes (see clause 10) must ]>e given at the beginning of each copy of the Section IJooks. 21. From these Books the Cross Sections will be plotted on ruled paper, on a scale of 20 feet to aii inch, vertical and horizontal, exce])t in special cases, such as rock or other difficult work, when they will be plotted on a scale of 10 feet to an inch, on paper ruled to that scale. A black line to be ruled from top to bottom of the page to denote the centre lijie. 22. On these Cross Sections the formation line and slopes will be drawn in r«Hl lines, and from these the distances of the slope stakes from the centre line can be ascertained with sufficient accuracy for ground of a tolerable uniibrm and 23 r.ttrrow- inii- Pits. level surface ; but in all cases the position of slope stakes should be veritied by the level, and the exact distances so ascertained should be entered in Book No. 1, thus, S.S. 20, or (^). 23. Stakes must also be [irmly driven at these points, and the distance distinctlv mark^'d on the side lacins.i- the centre line, thus, S.S.3a. 24. In stakinu- out Cmllets J'or Contractors, the Grullet <'''il!'t stakes .should beset out lor a rock slope ol'i to 1. The '^'''''■'• Contractor will work to thi^se in the lirst place, and save hiniseli' time and trouble in the event of any of th(^ cuttinu's turninu' out rock. Should there be no rock the earth slopes will aitt^rwards be taken out. Should rock occur in part, a ^-''ll''^^ berm will be left, as described in the specihcation. When the rock is laid l)are, its surtace must be levelled over, and its hfi^'ht at a sufhcient number oi points, recorded in the Section Books and on the Cross Sections. 25. AVhen it becomes necessary to take earth from Borro- winu' pits, the uTound, before it is broken, must be carefully staked out, in scjuares of from V) to 30 feet, according to the nature of the surface, the levels taken with reference to the general datum, and the whole particulars entered in the field books. 26. In all Cuttinn's of maii'iiitude, strong Plugs about three Cniuif inch^'s diameter, and say 30 inches long, bound on the up- ^'"^^ per end with iron, shoidd be driven in the solid ground to Formation level at the entrance' of the C'uttina's, 11 feet dis- tant Irom, and at ria-ht anu'les to the centre line ; the posi- tion and level of these Pluii's being carel'ully noted in the field l)ook. Th(^sl' Stakes will be fou)\d usel'ul as rough refe- rence and Cxrade Stakes during the construction of the work. 27. In preparing ]dans all exisfiuij;' ohjfcfs as roads, buil- dinu's, fences, «Src., should be drawn in black lines. Water should be indicated by a blue tint. Works 1o he roNsfrNcfed pivpa- as deviations of Ivoads and Streams, also the centre line of ii>'.^ i"'""" the liailway and the limit of lands requiriMl for Kailway p,!|l,ii,,s. purposi's should be shown in red fifirs. In ProHles the sur- face of the ground should be blai-/,\ and references to existin^^- objects, or works such as lloads. Streams, Villages, should be written in h/ark. All works to he conatrnrtetl such as Bridires, Culverts, «S:c., should be shown or wn-itten in red. 28 Reports will be required periodically, not only from the District Engineers, but from the Division or Contract 1 i ■ 1 :[ Diuri s t ( ' It ! ri-iii;rcs.s. r Daily tians- Ji'tioiis. iJi.ui's. Duty of Assi^itaiit llCiTS. lllSpi'C- tors, itc. Duty of Division 24 ) Eiii»in«HM-s, Inspoctors and othors. It is thorefore impor- tant Ihat nuMnlKTs of th«^ Eiia"in<'erim>- StalF should keep an Oliicial Diary, ontoriiiii' therein every cireum.stance connec- ted with the works Avhich may coine under their observa- tion. 2l>. For various reasons it is important that nsi'ull informa- tion as possi]>le shoukl ])e rea-uhirly transmitted to the Head (jliici' resi)ectinu' the condition and pro<^ress of all works under construction. It is also of very ii-reat importanco that an accurate record slumld bi' kept of every Uict con- nected with the construction of the works; their proo'ress from day to day ; the time of tho commencement and com- pletion of distinct parts ; their character ; whether in accordance with specifications, plans, and directio is, or oth.'rwise ; and L>'enerally, full notes of every operation or service perfornuHl on the line Of Ivaihvay, or in connection therewith. It is imi)ortant also to have notes respecting- the force employed, the charactor of the weather, whelher it be such as to enable^ the men to work full time, or other- wis(\ It is important also to provide means by which Ins- pectors and Assistant EnL»'ineers can readily draw the atten- tion of those over them to any attempt at passing oil' inl'o- rior work or defectiA'e materials, or to any neglect or impro- per conduct, or to any othcu- matter. 80. It is thou<4'htthat tlu^ simplest and most effective mode of securing- the objiM'ts di^sired, is lor members of the Engi- neering Stall' to ke<^]) an account of daily transactions, and to furnish copies thei-eof, toi>\'ther with such additional re- marks as circumstances nmy appi ar to re(|uire lor record in the several ollices. « 31. The undersiii'ned has alnnidy requested each District. Division, and Assistant Enii'ineerto keep reo-ular olFicial Dia- ries in accordance Avith claust' 28, aiul he has provided books for that purpose. To accomplish fully the o})jects in view, he now requests that the followini>' scheme be carried into eli'ect : (1.) Each Inspector and Assistant Engineer HhiiW da if // transmit to the Division Eno-ineer a copy of the observations made and t^ntered in his diary ; no occurrence should be considered too trifling : it is impossible to tell how impor- tant, a matter apparently of little or no moment, may ulti- mately become. (2.) It wall be the duty of the Division Engineer to read the observations of the Assistants and Inspectors, and to 'I 01 por- ) ail iiec- rva- ma- eaii rks nco •on- ress om- iii , or n or tioii 1: i nie- lli er hor- Ins- ttoii- inl'e- ipro- 25 instruct them with regard to any neglect or omissions on Engi- their part. He will also add to their observations any "eers- remarks which may appear to be called lor, and he will transmit them, along with a copy of his own journal entries, to the District 01fi.ce. These documents should be trans- mitted by the Division Engineer not less frequently than twice in each week, viz. : on each Wednesday and Satur- day evenings. (3.) The District Engineer will examine these various Duty <.f documents, and cause them to be regularly copied on the J^i'^trict iorm provided, designated " Weekly Progress lieport. " It n,'!^.!,' will be the duty of the District Engineer to take such ac- tion on the documents sent to him by the Division Engi- neers as the contents may seem to render necessary, and he shall instruct them with regard to any points or duties re- ferred to therein. In the Weekly Progress Reports the Dis- trict Engineer shall register his own obserA^ations, referring, when necessary, to the subjects alluded to in the other documents, drawing special attention to matters of more than ordinary importance ; he will see that nothing is omit- ted which he considers necessary to render these W^eeklv Reports an accurate register of the daily occurrences of the Stafl", and a complete record of the progress made from day to day in the construction of the Railway. (4.) The District Engineer will make it the duty of one of iiopiiar his office assistants to file in r«?gular order, in the District ^"JKr<-s* Office, the documents and daily records forwarded by the ^^^^ ^' Division Engineers, after having first copied them consecu- tively on the Weekly Progress Report forms, and in the proper columns. It is intended that there shall be distinct Weekly Pro- gress Reports for each separate Contract or Division, pre- pared as above described, and regularly transmitted to the Head Office. SANDFORD FLEMING, Engineer in Chief. Canadian Pacific Railway, Office of the Engineer in Chief Ottawa, 1st May, 1875. ! I 1*7 i: {Book form Xo. 1.) PACIFIC RAILWAY. Centre Line assumol to extend from East to IVest and ^ross Sections from North to South. Fornidiion Level at intersections is the Datum of each Cross Section. Distance or station. 1 ' Station. Station. Station. ! Station. Station. ' 201 202 203 203 + 50 203 + 75 Change of Gradient or ri«o per ■ 1 1 I Level. Level. Change. 1 per 100. 1 per 100. 100 feet. J i 1 1 t 1 Formation . . 393.00 393.00 393.00 392.50 392.25 Surface 393.25 393.60 394.00 393.55 392.25 Cutting j 0.25 0.60 1.00 1.05 1 ; 1 Filling 1 - . - - 1 ( m 3- 1 i 1 1 r 2. 1 « 1 O M =z: 1 1 hI-;- ^ . 1 > < \ CD ' 1 ] ?: «-3 -n S5|" S S^ * ** -c) 1 2. "= 2 ml g^^E- mi Ig-i ^ o — — - , 30 —8.00 i 40 —18.00 =" ^2 ^ /"^ ( 3 i: r' "^ 1 30 + 5.50 30 + 0.20 (18) —6.00 1 30 —15.00 1 ?5 X * =5 T^ ! 30 1.10 (21) + 4.00 (1))' 0.00 9 —1.00 j (24) -10.00 SEC north or so evel ; thof by a circle 1 0.00 15 + 4.00 i 1 6 1 + 1.00 6 0.00 1 9 —6.00 , i ■ 3 «5. u + 0.25 + 0.60 1 + 1.00 + 1.05 ' 0.00 «. «3 U i 1 NS centre to be he Diit 15 + 1.00 15 + 3.00 10 + 2.00 15 + 3.20 1 6 + 2.00 1 It ^ ^,«. ? •^■' <= (24) + 6.00 (27) + 8.00 15 + 2.50 (19.8) + 3.20 15 + 3.30 ^ "^l =C' ■— ' s^ ""^-^ ^Vw-'^g o CD; ^^^ r-\ 30 + 11.60 40 + 10.00 (28.5) + 9.00 30 + 6.00 (21) + 4.00 \.^ ^^ ^ P-a rn ^^^^ ^ j*C- z el- 33 40 + 8.50 g «a mi '7>l% :' r/) o —• — - 4 ■" m £S ! ? ' om Xorth Section. station. !03 + 75 per 100. 392.25 392.25 —18.00 —15.00 —10.00 —6.00 0.00 + 2.00 + 3.30 + 4.00 Section Book. Contract. station. Station. Station. Station. 204 205 206 jl 207 ] i)fr 100. 1 per 100. 1 per 100. 1 per 100. 392.00 390.20 391.00 380.00 1.80 II 11.00 390.00 375.00 15.00 389.00 377.50 11.50 Station . 207 + 40 1 per 100. 388 + 60 383.00 Station, 208 5.60 45 (32J) 9 —18.00 60 —34.00 60 —36.00 49 —15.40 (48) |l —9.50 9 —26.00 (49.5) —13.00 9 — 1.80i il (9) 0.00 ^ 20 +1.00! ^53^ 45 -11.00. —13.40 9 —16.00 (33) —12.00 45 -27.001 (33; 14.50 1 9 -15.00 i -I6.5O1 9 -16.001 (30)' il "" -14.20; 45 -20,00;! 30 il -16.00 (22.5) —12.00 -11.501 -16.00 9 —14.00 (15) 1 per 100. 388.00 385.00 3.00 30 —12.00 —9.00 -7.00 —12.00 (19,5) —7.00 -5.20 -3.00 —5.60 —12.00 30 -5.00 -4.00 -7.00 (11.1) 20 30 —3.00 —2.00 —1.40 0.00 + 2.00 If' li I If i I .11 !| CANADIAN TACIFTC KAILWAY G E N ]•: K A L INS T II U V T 1 N S ( No. 4. ) FROM THE KNGINEEk IN CHIEF TO THE STAFF. Or^riniza/ioH of /lie Kn;j:inecrinii; SfriJ/'. The undersio-iiod considers it to bo his duty to coinmuni- cate to the Stall" somo information respectinii- appointments and terms of enu'airements. The Government, desiring- to rt^nder tht' Enuineering' Stall" as ellicient as possil)k\ has liad under consideration certain suuii'estions and recommendations, submitted with that object in A'iew by the undersiu'iied ; a system has now ])e(»n adopted which, it is hoped, will prove satisfactory to those at present or hereafter to be engaged on the work oi survey and construction, while in the public interests it can scarcely fail to result advantageously. The Engineers s(^rving the Government on the great public works of the country should be characterized by high integrity and skill. They should for obvious reasons be men oY the very l^^st character, and at the com- mencement of the location of the Canadian Pacific Railway, it is felt that every effort should be made not only to socun* the most suitable men that can be had but also to adopt the course best calculated to maintain the Staff in a state of thorough eiliciency. Unfortunately, there are a great many young men, in the Dominion, who are classed indiscriminately as Engineers, thouuh many of them have ]iot had the elementary education to enable the'm even to understand the principles of Engineer- ing. Some of them may have acquired the mechanical use of' the Transit and Level, but that in many cases is nearly all they know\ Men of a much higher standard than that described are required. Those to be employed in charge of locating parties or of sections under construction, should have a thorough professional education with executive experience and sound judgment. In selecting the precise line for the Railway, it is of public importance to secure the very best engineering line that the locality will admit, at the very 30 lowt'st oxpoiiditurt' ; }>y a sinulf i-rror in Kii^iiUM^rini^-, thr'ements, has not had the oH'ect ol' encouraginii' or rewardinu' the best men. The system is hereafter to be diU'erent; the (xovernment now^ I'liA'ours a careful selection of younu' men, in every respect eliiiible to enter the profession, has adopted the policy of retaininii' and properly rewarding' ]nil)lic oliicers so long- as they per- form their (Uitit's eliu-iently, and has extended this rule to Eiiii'ineers in the public service as far as it can be applied. The g-reat object being to secure the best possible Engi- neering Stair and maintain it in an etlicient condition. It is proposed to accomplish this ol)Ject as far as it may be practicable 1)y the following means : — 1. By employing for the higher positions the most efficient men that can ])e obtained. 2. By giving liberal salaries, graduatt^d with regard to the responsibilities and duties in each case. 8. By ottering engagements until the completion of the works, or for a fixed term of years (on good behaviour). 4. By the appointment of young men as Juniors who are well trained and educated, who may be qualiiied to pass a prescribed examination, who have a sound constitution and who are of good moral character. 5. By encouraging Juniors and Assistants to pursue their studies at leizure times. By requiring them to exhibit due 81 cliliuviicc in thoir work niid to <4'iv(' cvicb'iicc IVoiii tim(' to time ol' .satislactory prouross in prorrssioii:)! iittaimnriils. (3, Wy ])roin()tiiiu' iiu'ii Iroiii one class or uradc to aiiotlier by sohH'tion and nnM-it, not ])y seniority //in-r///. 7. Hy rcnioviJiu' iVoni the service all ihose who may prov.» neu^liii'cnt or inditlerent, or who may turn out immoral or intem])erate in tlieir liahits S. (renerallv >)y ri'taininu' the services of the most meri- torious men on terms alike satislactory to themselves and to the i>-overnment. !». IJy a lavorulde consideration of, and in some cases hy awardinu' liratuities lor (1) Special and meritorious s(!rvices. (2) IJodily accident nu't ^\■ith on duty by which the ollicer is permanently incapacitated. (3) Loni>- and I'aithiul services. (4) Unexpt^et<'d discharii-e on any sudden reduction ol stair and abolition of oliice, length and character of service ])i'ing' considered. The Stall' will 1)e divided into several classes, each (nnbra- cinu' ditl'erent o-rades. The folio winu" n-raduated rates oi salary is for the present adopted, which rates are for en- y-ineering- services alone, and do not include the cost of board, moving- about, or travelling on business. Class. Grade. Salaries. ' c< I On Cons- On Surveys j ^^.^^^^.^^^ per month, ,.,,,. ^ ! year. Subordinates. Assistants I Engineers-in-charge, or Eesidents on con- •< struction. A. B. C. D. E. a. H. I. K. 20 30 60 80 100 120 140 IGO 180 200 240 360 720 960 1200 1440 1920 2160 2400 • The salaries of the higher Executive and Superintending Engineers are under consideration. 82 The olass " Suhordiiiiitcs' iiicludt's KodiiuMi, Chaiiimoii, TaptMUi'ii iuid rickt'tun'ii. It is considt'it'tl tliai llio salurii's l)r('.scril)od lor tliis class should not hn so hii^h as to tfiiijit youuu' m«Mi to solicit t'uiployiruMit who have no intciilion of loliowin'j,' up the prolV'ssiou ol' euL»-iiieriii^' and who hav«' no (lualilications lor ln'coniiiii^- enninc'rs: wliilc at the sunni time the small i)ay oU'cred should he sullicient to encouraui' others with a lair rudimentary educiition and an ai)titude tor I'liuint'criny work to enter and devote their lives to the proi'ession. The brancln's of study in which Candidates I'or this class should he prolicient in, are Arithmetic, (J-e(nnetry (iirst lour and the sixth hooks ol'EiU'Iid), Al^-ehra, Mensuration, plant* Triii'ononietry, and the JUements of Statics and Dymimiijs. A knowledn'e oi Geoloiiy, Chemistry, Heat, Li'^'ht, Klectri- vMy, French (or (lerman), meclumical or free-hand Draw- iiiij,' is also desirable but not compulsory. Tlie class " Assistants '' embraces those who have fiiirly entered on the profession of an Ent>'ineer, who have either })ecome prolicient in the more advanced studies or who are diligently pursuing them. In promoting- Junior and Assis- tants from one grade to another it is intended to give a prefer«Mice to thos(> who maintain a good moral character and who givi? evidence of attainments in their work and studies.^ The appointment of any person to a particular grade will be probational, it will in no case l)e considered permanent unless, when brought to the test, his acquirements be found to justify it. A. — This grade includes those who have no experience whatever, but who have acquired an education at least equal to that prescribed by the survey Act of Canada for pupils in Land Surveying, who are (jualihed to pass an examination on the subjects refered to, and who appear to have a decided aptitude for the work and life of an Engi- neer. • The att(!iition of Assistants, wlio Iiavu not liad the advantage of a CoUt'giate conrsc is directed to the foHowinif hranches of study : Matliematics, pure and applied. Surveying, Navigation, Practical Mechanics, Theory and practice of construction, Mechanical and free-hand drawing, Designing and estimating, Book-keeping, Geology and Mineralogy. 33 13. — This nviult' is ol'lho saiiie clas.s of vounu" men as A: ))Ut MK'h as hav*' luul some aitiial piadicM' on JSiuvoys or I'^nu'i- nt't'riiiL'" woik, not It'ss than one y»'ar. C. — This is a uvadf olMnnior iissistants, who shouhl have had not l»'ss llian two yt'avs' experience in the litM, who shouhl tiioiouu'lily niideistancl the use ol the Level and Transit, keepinu* iield hooks, ph)tlinu*, uiai)piiiii', \-e., hut whose ex]>erie]iL'e in the acttud usi' oi' instruments has not ]>oen ji'reat. 1). — Assistants ol' the second ^rade are those wlio are <{uite ahle to use tlie level and tiausit on surveys and who have had at least three years' actual Iield practice; in eniii- neerinu* and survuyinu". I"]. — This LiTude iiiehnh's thosi» who, in addition to th-' experience rel'erreil to ahovi', tlnnouuhly understand location surveys, the settiuLi' out ol' earthworks and structures, and' who can accurately measure up and c(>m[)ule (piantities. F. — This yrade inchnh's, lirsl chiss assistants ol' lull expe- rience in const ruction, Liood and accurate drauuhtsmen, who can l)e placed, with all conlidem-e, to aid in the cai ryin^i' out ol dillicult and costly sections ol' work. (x. — This urade inchules those who are capal)le ol' takinii" (•harge ol' a survey inu' or explorinu- ])ar1y, hut who nuiy nor have had exptnience in constriiction. H. — This ,u'ras those who, m addition to their beinu' u'ood entiineerinii' Surveyois, ;ind ])oss(^>sinii' all the experience necessary lor conductinn' a surveyinu' party, haA'e sonn^ knowledj.-'e ol' ('onstiuction, suliieient to justily their heiii^- i>laced in charue ol' liu-ht works where the res- ponsihiiity is not u'reat. I. — This includes really ^ood constructinu' Engineers — thosi' wdio have had long- experience, and ari' I'ully ahle. under general directions, to carry out in a perl'eetly satis- factory manner moderately larue contracts. K. — This grade includes iirst class men, those in fact whose experience, high character and attainments qualily them to act as Resident Engineers on the heaviest and most important engineering works. When the time comes when members of the Stalf will be required to settle down on construction and remain iixed in particular localities, it is intended to turnish them with plain but comfortable houses, and as the salaries do not cove]- board, the Residents and their assistants will be supplied with rations or allowances will ))e made equivalent thereto. In the case of those having families, if the circumstances appear to justify it, the families will be assisted in moving, and it is farther intended to adopt such means as will enable families -mn* MMlMdwiriMHiUHMhi 84 i II' to obtain npcoBsarv supplies oi' vnrions kinds at the ratos l)aid lor similar artir-lrs at the nearest raark«^t Towns. Only the scale ol' salaries ibr the three classes oi' oflicers specially alhuled to above is as yet adopted. The perma- nent scale oi i'molurnt'iits to the hiuher lllxecutive and Siiperintendinii' Knirineers is however under considoiation and it may be assumed that the Government will, with reu-ard to these offic«'rs, sanction and adoi)t an equally liberal and correct policy. SANDFOKD FLEMING, Engineer in Chief. Canadian Pacific Railway, Olfire of I he P2fii:;ineer in Chief Ottawa, Lst July, 1875. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. GENERAL INHTRLCTIONS (No 5.) KUOM THE ENGINEER IN CHIEF TO THE STAFF. Location of Stations. For several reasons it is imx)ortant that early steps be taken to select the very best positions lor the Railway Sta- tions and that they should l)e located and the gradients ol' the line, at and approaching thereto, linally established l)eibre constrtiction be commenced. In districts litted lor settlement the Grovernmcnt has approved and sanctioned a system oi' laying oul lands adja- <-'ent to the line ot Railway, which will render pu1)lic and private road crossing.s unneccs.^ary, tXA'Vfit at lntreoi trailic Tor the coitntry aroitnd and in some cases important towns will undoul)tedly sprinu' up. In selecting station sites, attention shotild there- fore, to some extent, bo given to the i>hysical icatures of the adjacent country, so as to alford the u-reatest facilities for developing the resources and accommodating the l)usiness of each locality. The u'cneral interi^sts o( the railway in direct- ness, good gradients and cost of construction must however be considered ol' primary in)]iortance. In prairie and hn'tile districts, the stations should not b-:' so lar apart as to leave an opening for intermediate stations at a future time. All the staiions in any way desira})le should be locat(^d in the lirst place. It is con.sidered tha^ the average distance between stations shotild be about eiu-hr miles. In mountain and other districts, where the necessity loi' stations lor traffic purposes will not be great, sidings where trains may cross, or »nigines nuiy wood and water, will 3G nevertheless be requived, — points ibr this purpose may bo selected about every ttni miles. The undersi