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 :^ E 1) "!*?•■ 
 
 BETWEEN THE 
 
 UNriED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 Ain> THE 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 18 74. 
 
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 Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, and the United States of 
 America, being desirous of impioving the Commerce and Navigation 
 between their respective Territories and People, and more esjiecially 
 between Her Majesty's possessions in North Amei-ica and the United 
 States, in such manner as to render the same reciprocally bei^eficial, have 
 respectively named Plenipotentaries to confer and agree thereupon, that is 
 to say : Her INIajesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain 
 and Ireland. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 It is agreed by the high contracting parties, that in addition to the 
 liberty secured to the United States fishermen by the convention between 
 Great Britain and the United States, signed at London, on the 20th day 
 of October, 1818, of taking, curing and drying fish, on certain coasts of 
 tlie British North American Colonies therein defined, the inhabitants of 
 the United States shall have, in common with the subjects of Her 
 Britannic Majesty, the liberty, for the term of years mentioned in Article 
 XIII. of this Treaty, to take fish of every kind, except shell fish on the 
 sea coast and shores, an i in the bays, harbours, and creeks of the Provinces 
 of Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and3s>Prince Edward's Island, 
 and of the several islands thereunto adjacent, without being restricted to 
 any distance from the shore, with permission to land upon tho said coasts 
 and shores, and islands, for the purpose of drying their nets and curing 
 their fish j prodded that in so doing they do not interfere with the rights 
 of private prr perty,or with the British fisherman in the peaceable use of any 
 part of the paid coasts in their occupancy for the same purpose. But it is 
 
4 
 
 V. solely to tl^«««*^'^''^' 
 and mouths ot u ' 
 
 'f ° . M. ,«.■■»■'-'"" *° " V r i.«n«« ^'' '"-^"l !fe". with the riSht, 
 tor iishevmen ot the U 
 
 ARTICLE ^^J; ...,^iuted 
 
 . •nvitedbytheComm^ss^*^ a the United 
 
 *'"*• Tlhrtited states ^^ H« B ,^,i„g under that T-aJ,^^^.^^ 
 r", t'md from the oe-»» ^^, ,„^ the co--- >«^,, ,,tween 
 '•' iXd .. to >*« ""T lTc« any q""*"!' *° o„ited States, a. 
 
 *» ^-'^'-r'^tS Hshius » t"*-- *:,„ diig^te such ^a^. 
 
 ,ud shall he constttute ^^^ Oomm.ss»n appe 
 ^»''nit;:T«at,oithe5tho.^»et85*. 
 
 A.rtic\e of tue ^ 
 
 ARTICLE iV. 
 
 Qvafced in ► 
 
 It is agreed *»' *;\, growth, produce, 
 hereunto anne:.e<>, be-8 
 

 shall 
 ior 
 tisli 
 )f the 
 andr 
 baySt 
 States, ■ 
 om tilt! 
 States? 
 curing 
 e rights 
 e peace- 
 lie same 
 
 all other 
 Lclusively 
 
 appoiuted 
 the United 
 
 upon the 
 minions, &^ 
 L-eaty, shall 
 tof iishing 
 :i8e between 
 3d States, as 
 i reserved, it 
 
 such vla«<^s, 
 lame powers, 
 the said tivst 
 
 , A. B. a 
 
 nd C 
 
 facture 
 
 of the 
 
 Dominion of Canada, or of the United States, shall, on their importation 
 from the one country into the other, from the first day of July 1875, to tlie 
 30t!i day of June 187*3 (t)oth inchided) pay only two-tliirds of the duties 
 payable at the date of this Treaty, on the importation into such country, 
 of such articles respectively; and from the first day of July 187G, to the 
 30th day of June 1877, (both included) shall pay only one-third of such 
 duties ; and on and after the first clay of July 1877 for the period of yeai-s 
 mentioned in Article XIII of tliis Treaty,' shall be admitted free of duty 
 into each country respectively 
 
 For the term mentioned in Article XIII no other or higher duty shall 
 be imposed in the United States upon other articles not enumerated in said 
 the Schedules, growth, produce or manufacture of Canada ; or in Cana- 
 da upon such other articles the growth, produce or manafocture of the 
 United States, than are re8i)ectively imposed upon like articles the giowtb, 
 produce or manufactuie of Great Britain or of any other country. 
 
 SCHEDULE "A," consisting of the following natural ))roducts ; — 
 
 Animals of all kinds. 
 
 Ashes, Pot, Pearl and Soda. . 
 
 Bark. " \ . 
 
 Bark, extract for Tanning purposes. 
 
 Bath Bricks. 
 
 Breadstuffs of all kinds. 
 
 Bricks for building and Fire bricks. 
 
 Broom-Corn. 
 
 Burr or grindstones, hewn, wrought or unwrought 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Cheese. • - 
 
 Coal and Coke. 
 
 Cotton-wool. 
 
 Cotton-waste. 
 
 Dye stuffs. 
 
 Earths, clays, ochres, and sand, ground, or ungi'ound. 
 
 Eggs. 
 
 Fish of all kinds. 
 
 Fish, products of, and of all other creatures living in the ^vater, except 
 fish preserved in oil. 
 
 Firewood. 
 
 Flax, unmanufactured. 
 
 Flour and meals of all kinds. 
 
 Fruits, green, or dried. 
 
 Furs, undressed. 
 
 Grain of all kinds. 
 
 Gypsum, ground, ungi'ound, or calcined. 
 
Hay. 
 
 Hemp, immanufactui'ocl. 
 
 Hides, 
 
 Horns. 
 
 Lard. 
 
 Lime. . • 
 
 Malt. 
 
 Manures. 
 
 Marble, stone, slate, or granite, wrought or nnwrought. 
 
 Meats, fresL, smoked, or salted. 
 
 Ores of all kinds of metals. 
 
 Peas, whole, or split. 
 
 Pelts. 
 
 Petroleum oil, urude, refined, or Benzole. 
 
 Pitch. 
 
 Plants. 
 
 Poultry, and birds of all kinds. 
 
 Rags of all kinds. 
 
 Rice. 
 
 Salt. 
 
 Seeds. ■ • 
 
 Shrubs. 
 
 Skins. .. 
 
 .11*. ... 
 
 Sti'aw. 
 Tails. 
 Tallow. 
 Tar. 
 
 Timber, and lumber of all kinds, round, hewed and sawed, unmanu- 
 factured in whole or in j)art. 
 Tobacco, unmanufactured. 
 Tow, unmanufactured. 
 Trees. > 
 
 Turpentine. 
 Vegetables. 
 Wool. 
 
 SCHEDULE B, consisting of the following Agricultural Implements :— 
 Axes. 
 
 Bag-holders. 
 Bee hives. 
 
 Bone crushers, and parts thereof. 
 
 Cultirators, or parts thereof. , 
 
 Chaff-cutters, or parts thereof. 
 Com-huskers, or parts thereof. 
 
 
 
Clioeau-vats. 
 
 Clieeiso factory heaters. 
 
 ClieeHe presses, or ])arts thereof. 
 
 Churns, or parts tliereof. 
 
 CattUf feud l)oiUn-s, and steamers, and parts thereof. 
 
 Ditchers, or parts thereof. 
 
 Fi(!M rollers, o: parts thereof. 
 
 Fanning mills, or jtarta thereof. 
 
 Feed choppers, or parts thereof. 
 
 Foi'ks for hay and manure, hand or horse. 
 
 Grain Drills, or parts thereof. 
 
 Giain Broad-cast Sowei-s, or parts thereof. 
 
 Grain Crushers, or parts thereof 
 
 Harrows. 
 
 Hoes, hand or horse. , 
 
 Hoiso Rakes. ' 
 
 Horse-i)ower Machines, or parts thereof. 
 
 Hay Tedders, or parts thereof 
 
 Liquid Manure Carts, or parts thereof 
 
 Manure Sowers, or partb thereof. 
 
 Mowers, or parts thereof 
 
 Oil and Oil-Cake Crushers, or parts thereof 
 
 Ploughs, or parts thereof 
 
 Root and Seed-planters, or parts thereof. 
 
 Root-Cutters, Pulpers and Washers, or parts thereof 
 
 Rakes. 
 
 Reapers, or ])arts thereof 
 
 Reapers and Mowers combined, or parts thereof 
 
 Spades. 
 
 Shovels. 
 
 Scythes. 
 
 Snaiths. 
 
 Threshing Machines, or parts thereof 
 
 SCHEDULE C, consisting of the following manufactures 
 Axles of all kinds. 
 Boots and Shoes, of leather. 
 Boot and Shoe-making machines, 
 Buffalo Robes, dressed and trimmed. 
 Cotton Grain Bags. 
 Cotton Denims. 
 Cotton Jeans, unbleached. 
 Cotton Drillings, unbleached. 
 Cotton Plaids. 
 
8 
 
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 Cott<jn Tickinj:"). , 
 
 Cottomu 'es, uubloachcil. 
 
 Ciibiiiet-waro ami Fmiiitiirt', oi- partH tluneof. 
 
 Curriajji^s, Carta, Wagon;-, ami otluu wliceleil vehicloB, and Sleighs, or 
 parts tlwreof. 
 
 Fire Kngines, or parts thereof. 
 
 Kelt coverin<^ for boilers. * 
 
 Clutta Percha lioltini,' and Tubing. 
 
 Iron — JJar, Hoop, Tig, Puddled, R<jd, Sheet, or Scrap. 
 
 Iron — Nailrt, Spikes, Bolts, Tacks, Brads, or Sprigs, 
 
 Iron Castings. 
 
 India Rubber Belting and Tubing. 
 
 Locomotives for Railways, or parts thereof. 
 
 Lead, sheet or pig. 
 
 Leather, solo or upper. 
 
 Leather — Harness and Saddlery of 
 
 Mill or factory, or steamboat fixed engines and machines, or parts 
 thereof 
 
 Manufactures of >[arble. Stone, Slate, or Granite. 
 
 Manufactures of Wood solely, or of wood nailed, bound, hinged, or 
 backed with metal materials. 
 
 Mangles, Washing Machines, Wringing Machines, and Drying 
 Machines, or pai'ts thereof 
 
 Printing Paper for newspapers. 
 
 Paper-making ISIachines, or parts thereof. 
 
 Printing Type, Presses and Folders, Paper Cuttei-s, Ruling Machines 
 Page-numbering Machines, iind Stereotyping and Ellectrotyping aj)paratus, 
 or parts thereof. 
 
 Refrigerators, or parts thereof. 
 
 Railroad Cars, Carriages and Trucks, or parts thereof. 
 
 Sattinetts of Wool and Cotton. 
 
 Steam Engines, or parts thereof. 
 
 Bteel, wrought or cast, and Steel Plates and Rails. 
 
 Tin Tubes and Piping. 
 
 Tweeds, of wool solely. 
 
 Watei'-wheel Machines and apparatus, or parts thereof. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 It is agreed that the Canadian Canals, on the main I'oute from Lake 
 Erie to Montreal, shall be enlarged forthwith, at the expense of the 
 Dominion of Canada, so as to admit the passage of vessels drawing twelve 
 feet of water ; and the Locks on the said Canals shall be made of not less 
 than 270 feet in length, 45 feet in width, and not less than 12 feet in 
 
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9 
 
 depth on tlie initio ailla ; and that the cliannel of the St. Ijawrcnce River 
 ahall lu) docpiMU'd in tiie .scvmul rnidieH between the Canalh wherever tho 
 same may \ki uoeiiSHary, ho as to allow the free pasHajj;o of vewHelH drawiuj^ 
 twidve feet of water. And the work eni^af,'ed to lie dune in this Article 
 «hall bo comploted by the lirst day of Jaunury, 1 6S0. 
 
 ^''■ 
 
 ARTICLE Vr- 
 
 It iH agreed lliat the (Jovernnient of Canada shall conntrnct on or 
 before the 6r.st day of January, ISSO, a Canal to connect tlm St. Lawrence 
 River at some convenient point, at or near Cauglmawaga, with Lake 
 Chaniplain. 
 
 Tho dimensions of said Canal shall be such as to admit the passage of 
 vessels drawing twelve feet of water, and tiio Locks shall be of not less 
 dimensions than those named in the /n-eding Article. And the L^nited 
 States engage to urge upon the (lovernm at of the State of New York to 
 cause the existing Canal from Whitolall on Lake Chamidaiu to Albany, 
 to be enlarged, and if necessary f c ;nded, or ano*L jr Canal, or C'aiials to 
 be constructed, of equal capacity with t]<n p jposed Caughnawaga Canal, 
 as herein before specified, and the iupigation of tlie Hudson River to 
 be iui])roved so as to admit of tho pas. age from Lake Cliami>lain to the 
 lower waters of tho Hudson Rivur, of vessels drawing twelve foot of water 
 
 
 ''L 
 
 ' 
 
 ARTICLE Vir- 
 
 Citizens of the United States may during the ten a of years men 
 tioucd in Article XIII, of this Treaty carry in their vessels cargo and 
 passengers from one Canadian port to another ou the gr.;at Lakes or river 
 St. Lawrence. 
 
 Reciprocally, — Inhabitants of Canada, subjects of Her Britannic 
 Majesty, may during the like period carry in their vessels cargo and pas- 
 Bongars from one port to another, of the United States, ou tho great lakes 
 or river St. Lawrence. Citizens of the United States, in their vesseh , 
 and inhabitants of Canada subjects of Her Britannic Majesty in their 
 vessels, may during the like term carry cargo and passengers from any 
 port of the United States or of Canada, ou the Red River or the waters 
 connecting therewith, to any other port on the said river or waters con- 
 uejting therewith. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII" 
 
 It is agreed that, for the term of years mentioned in Article XIII. of 
 this Treaty, the citizens of the United States shall enjoy the use of the 
 Welland, the St, Lawrence, and other Canals in the Dominion of Canada, 
 
 
rwi 
 
 10 
 
 (including the proposed Caughnawaga Canal,) on terms of equality with 
 the inhabitants of the Dominion of Canada ; and that witliout interfering 
 with the rights of theOovcmment of Canada, to impose such tolls on the afore- 
 said Canadian Canal ; respectively, as it may think tit. The tolls shdU be 
 levied in relation, to the number of locks in each canal, without any draw- 
 back or discrimination, -vhatever the destination of the vessel, or whether 
 one or more canal or canals, or part of a canal be passed. 
 
 And it is also agreed, that for the like temi of years, the inhabitants 
 of Canada shall enjoy the use of the St. Clair Flats Canal, on terms of 
 equality with tlie inhabitants of the United States ; and that the naviga- 
 tion of Lake Champlain, and of Lake Michigan, shall be free and open 
 for the purpose of Commerce to the inhabitants of Canada, subject to any 
 laws and regulations of the United States, or of the States bordering thereon 
 respectively, not inconsistent with such privileges of fiee navigation. 
 
 And the United States further engage to urge tipon the Governments 
 of the States of New York and of Michigan, resjiectively, to secure to the 
 inhabitants of Canada the use of the Erie, the Whitehall, the Sault St . 
 Marie Canals, and of any enlarged or extended, or new Canal, or other 
 improvement connecting Lake Champlain with the lower waters of the 
 'Hudson lliver, which may be niiule, as contemplated in Article VI , on 
 terms of equality with the inhabitants of the United States. 
 
 And it is mutually agreed that full power shall be given and allowed 
 to tranship cargo from vessels into Canal boats, and from Canal boats into 
 vessels, at either terminus of every Canal. 
 
 And further, that if the use of the Erie, Whitehall, or other Canal , 
 connecting Lake Champlain with the low^er waters of the Hudson Iliver 
 and of tho Sault St. Marie Canal be not granted to the inhabitants of 
 Canada on terms of equality with the citizens of the United States as con- 
 templated in this Article, then the use of the proposed Caughnawaga Canal 
 by citizens of the United States, as above contemplated, shall be suspend- 
 ed and cease, until the use of the said Canals in the United States shall be 
 secured to the inhabitants of Canada as above contemplated. 
 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 y/ 
 
 For the term of yeai*s mentioned in Article XI 11 of this Treaty, ves- 
 sels of all kinds built in the United States may be purchased by inhabitants 
 of Canada, subjects of Great Britain, and registered in Canada as Canadian 
 vessels ; and reciprocally, vessels of all kinds built in Canada may be pur- 
 chased by citizens of the United Statos, and Registered in the United 
 States as United States vessels. 
 
 Ill 
 
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 ARTICLE X. 
 
 A joint Commission sli.ill be ostabb'tihcd and maintained nt joint ex- 
 pense during the operation ot this Trcnty, for advisinji; the erection and 
 proper regulation of all Liglithousps on the great lakes common to both 
 conntiies, necessary to the security of tlie shipping thereon. 
 
 ARTICLE XL 
 
 A joint Commission sliall al.so bo estaVjlished at joint exnenso, and 
 maintained during the continuance of the Treaty, to promote the propaga- 
 tion of fisli in the inland watera eonnuon to both conntrles, and to enforce 
 the laws enacted for tlie protection of the fish and fishing grounds. 
 
 ARTICLE Xn. 
 
 It is further agreed, that the provisions anJ stipulations of this Treaty 
 shall extend to the Colony of Ne-wfouiidhind so far as they are applicable. 
 
 But if the Imperu\l Parliament, the Legislature of Newfoundland, or 
 the Congress of the United States, shall not embrace the Colony of New,- 
 foundland in their laws enacted for carrying tlie fore2;oing Articles into 
 eflect, then this Article shall be of ii« effect ; but the omission to make 
 provision by law, to give it effect, by oitlier of the Legislative bodies afore- 
 said, shall not in any way impair any otlier Article of this l^reaty. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 This Treaty shall take effect as soon as the laws required to carry it 
 into operation shall have been passed by the Imperial Parliament of Great 
 Britain, and by the Parliament of the Dominion of Canada, on the one 
 hand, and the Congress of the TJiiited States on the other. If such Legis- 
 lative assent shall not have been given within mon hs from the 
 date hereof, then this Treaty shall be null and void. But such Legislative 
 assent having been given, this Ti- aty shall remain in force for the {)eriod 
 of twenty-one years from the date at which it shall come into operation ; 
 and further, until the expiration of three years, after each of the high con- 
 tracting parties shall liave given notice to the other of its wish to terminate 
 the same, each of the high contracting parties being at liberty to give 
 such notice to the other at the end of the said period of twenty-one years, 
 or at any time afterwards. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 
 When the ratification of this Treaty shall have been exchanged, an I 
 
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 the IllWs i^QpIl to cattj it into operation shall have been paaM^iiy the 
 lliptperial Parlianleni diOreat Britain anj by the Farliauient of @^i»da} on 
 tltfi^tme hand,^«n(l' bmhe Congress of the United, States, on the othcir, then 
 aSw^I^^XII, XXIH; XXIV airftXXV, of the Treaty of May 8th, 
 IsW, >M»lr«ri^ and the United States, shall become iivll 
 
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 and void. 
 
 ARTICLE XV. 
 
 \% 
 
 This Treaty ahalU be duly ratified by Her Britannic Majesty an4(|iiy 
 iSie Presididfhtfof the United States ; and the ratification shtd) be exchanged 
 either at W«hington or London l . ^^months from the date hereof, 
 
 or earlier, ij possible. 
 
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