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The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de I'dtablissement prdteur suivant : La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul cliche sont film^es i partir de Tangle supdrieure gauche, de gauche d droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la m6thode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 6 ^ ; « v. }l BALMORAL CASTLE 1837-1897 nmai: m COMPLIMENTS DR. AND MRS. BRYCE ,73 A / / 7 A O T\ Z:^ r<X A FOR THE Bnani]i]®md JaalbnQee Year BY Rev. Prof. Qeoroe Bryce, LL.D. Hdnorary President of Manitoba College Literary Society ^ INAUGURAL. ADDRESS ^ DELIVERED IN CONVOCATION HALL, MANITOBA COLLEGE WINNIPEG, NOVEMBER J9th, 1897 FREE PRESS COMPANY & l^ E© 0©RTE©I^HL •Tm©oght f ( _ EDUCATIONAL THOUGHTS FOR THE DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR On Friday cveiiliiff, lObli of Xovenv b<!r, tlio first oixiii iiKXJtliig for tlu' »'SHion of tUo Ivlterury S'^M^lety of Maiiltobji t'olirge, was lielii in the Convot-atlfwi luill nf tin- coiego. TIuj Bpaciouh iinll wiiH filled to its utmotjt capacity by students juid friends of tlio college. After a nunibi-r of vocal and iiifltru mental selertions had bein renderetl by ncconipiial ed artists, th«' pit^idont of tlie sixciety, Kov. Dr. Bryc<r (!ell\erod tin.' following inaug- ural nddr»**(.s for tlic session. 1897-H : Five .venrs l)efore tiie accession of Queen Victciria to tiie tliroiie tlie li<^- form bin liatl luissed. Tlie brilliant writer, Jnstin .McCarthy 8ays : "It settled forever tli<! (luestion wiiich bad Ix'en so fiercely and grav<'ly debated, whetlier the llnglish conatitution is or is not based upi>n a system of pt)i.'U'ar representation." It extcntleil the power down to the middle classes, alt- though the working people were still unrecognized in the fraucluse. The beginning of the Victorian era saw the turmoil of agitation whicli took the form of a tiemand for the "I'eople's Charter," and led to riot- ing and violence. In Cajnada on the young Queen's assumption of power, two rebellions were In progress, the one of William Lyon .McKenzle in Up- per Canada, and the other of Papineau In Lower Canada, tlie struggle being In each case for popular rights. Chart- ism In England passed away, and rft* bellion In Canada ceased— In both cases to be followed by increased popular privilege® and by the introduction of the reign of the people. It was a somewhat discouraging outlook for the young: Queen of eighteen years. Sixty years have since elapsed and we celebrate a year of profound S'^'-lal peace throughout the empire. EDDGATION. Tiie granting of Increased power to the people brings wltli it the correla- tive of popular education. Ten years before the Queen's reign began, Pes* talozzl, the great Swiss educatlooal reformer, passed away, at the ripe age of elglity-one, leaving behind him the dictum : "Every human telng lias a claim to a judicious develop- ment of his faculties by those to whom tlie care of his Infancy Is confided." The benevolent Quaker, William I'enn, in granting, long l»efore, one of his charters carried out thin principle fitiv tliei- when after sjH'aking of the good education (if youth, he said, "which cannot In- effected In an.v manner, lo well as by erecting pul)lic schools for the purpose aforesahl." The Hrltlsh ixxiple with shrewd common senwj saw that a widened franchise flemandeil efforts to iiicreaw; tiie intelligence of tlu* enfranchised, and, as history tells us, "a. syhtom of national education Ltegun in 1831 by a small annual grant towaril the erection of schools, was ileveioped in 1839 by the creation of a committee of the Privy Council for educational |)urposes and l)y tlie steady increase of educational grants." In I'pper Canada tlie same ix^rlod was witness of the foiiuilng of a syPti tern of public school education. In 1841 Egerton Kyersoji was offered the appointment of suierintendent with a view of organizing more fully a syst^-n: of elementary education. Tlint' years nfterwarti he was ap- pointed, and In the nhith year of the reign o( Queen Victoria the syst<>m of education for the province of Dp- ixjr Canada was firmly establlsheii by {ict. As we look at tlie splendid culmin^ ation of the English system In the "Board Schools," established In 1870 and carried out with such grand re^ suits, as well as at the scliool system of Ontario wlilch Is perhaps the most complete on tlie American continent, we are compelled to confess surprise at the educational achievements dun. ing the reign of our beloved Queen. So far as tlio unlver.»<lty iKjrlod In Canada is concerned, It may almost l)o confined to the reign of Queen Vic- toria. Willie McCilU college was In- corporated la 1827, It did but little before the Victorian era, while Toron« to— under the name of King's, Queen's and Victoria, were all begun In 1841 or tlie year after. The universities of Canada have tlius owed their fame entirely to the sixty years just clos- etl. Compared with Oxford and Cam- bridge, or even wltli Harvard, the oldest university In Ataerlca, our higher Institutions are trifling in their age, but the Inscription on To- I rnnt<i iiiilvoi-Nlty, "I/lk*- ii Itinip iim.v It Hliino, liUi> tlir Ivt'i' limy It nrnw" In n fitting iiintto fur tli«> r«'itinrknlil«> nml hiwiltliy ^ruw tli nT mir rnii.nllti ii iirilv«>r(*ltl<>s. M:r>.\<ii)i;v. I'liit H tlio hixty .vtjnv jiirtl cIom-iI liiiv»( In'«'ii mit4H| fur tlir p,''"" tli i>r iiiNtltiitloiiH, iniiuli iii<ir4> nn- tli«'y iiot- ('<l rut' a(lvjiiic4>iiiciit ill tlio (irt .■mil Hi'icru**' nf t«'fi(liiiij;. hi the vrry y«'Jir tliat <iu('«'ii Victociti (iki'(»iiiI«'(I tliO throri*' I'rie Iricli I'nieb'l. In tlio \illn(;'<> lit r.lii iiknilM'i'U'. •i|h-ii>-<I till' fh'Ht ldiitl»'iniirt<ii >4'iMMi|. i|i> saw a il«>riiilt« aim gn-at |iriiici|ii«> iiT «>(iu- catioii aail «'Xiti'«'K.>«'(| it tliii.s. •'i'roui aulioa iiiiiNl tli4-i'<'r<ii-*- start true liu- niaii «Hiiu'at idii, tin- (Icvfloiiinn- cilnca- tioii of tiK' iiiaii." tlio KaUK' I>I-illLM|ii<', I'irarly Haw it ami TIm' fai't tiiat III Inmi ill Willi' t>(l must Im l'(>Mtaliiz//i a|ii)lie I hut !• roi'iM'i iiKH'c a<i(.i|iti>tl it. Ill iias an ni-|j.aii- iiiia I ami Itoily arc iiiilt- takcMi Into aco.int by «»v«'ry trnr «'(inc'at()r Tiiat it is liy Htinlyinn- anil draiinn' uitii tiic uraiiii- aliy (lovclnpinu' iiii:iil an I Ik) ly tliat wf c;aii ln>|M' t<i iiavc liijiln'st ■«in'i'i',ss in t«\'ic'liinjj; liaH iM't'iiiiii' in tln> Nii-tnrian <'ra a i>riiifiiiif (;rav('n in n'lldi'ii li't- U^rfi on nil our tcniiili's of ifaraiiin Tlio npiiiic.'ation of tiiis iirincipio wlili'li haw lK>«'n nivi-n tli«' com-n't' riaino ol "(liilit Htinly," is lint tli*- cnnvictlon tiiat cvrry aflcnMit an I (•ffe cut nerve every nius li;, every orKan an I evei-y t^'iniency is a c ir- rolnteil factor u itli tli" inentai fac- ulty in niakin^j; up tiie totality of tlie pliili! or man Tlu' Ail'torian a^e lias s<'en the upplioation of this teiiehiiiu,' prinel!tl<> ill the praetieal eilueatiDii now Iktoiii- InH' more ami more iiisisteil on in our lilfTJier seats nf lea rniiiti'. Acfiiriliiifr to the lilHtoriaiis of eilueation, "Tlie Jesuits In thel • sy.ste;n of e lu -atl )n dill not aim at developinjj; all tia- fac- ulti<»s of their pupils, hut mainly the receptive ami reprodiu'ti\<' faenitiiK. Originality and imleiti'mlenc' of mind, Iov<» of tr>itli for itw own sak«', the pow<?r of refU'ctin^- an. I of formiiif;' corr<'ct juilp;mentK were not merely neglected — they were snp])ressiHl in tlie Jesuit systom." AccordinR: to Tojie'H (f*evero hatln' in tho Dnneiail on tho education in Kn|pland in liis time it waB tliG same: " Since nia.n from be.ofit by words is knovB, Words are man's pTovince, words we te^ch Alone." Tho use of lalH)ratorios now for tlio practical teaching of all the seienoeK — tliat tho student may t«\st and ex- amine for himself and not take all his facts at second, hand; the study from real epecimens of tho oharaoter- lNtlc:4 of plaiitN and animals the graNplntc liy actui.i examination and oliHervatlon of the grts'it facts of physical science; the us t of the test tnlN>, the hlow pl|M', tlii> NiM^UrofCope, tho iialance the mlcrohi-o|H', an I tiie iliMs4>ctliig knife: tilt Iti\atiuii in short of tho [lowers of ohwrv a tion, discrimlniit ion, accurate Judviiiieat and ol r^'ady genera lizat inn: the skil- ful iiffi- of tho eye, tii«' ear, the toudi; tli«> management of musclei an I the control of nerv*'- all tliesi are de\el- opmeiitH of this principii' of t«'aching. \Ior«s)v«'r, tli» application of tliiH princii»lo to the stud.\ nf psychology, in meaMirliig iier\e iiio\ (Miieiits, after llejnilinltz in examining tli(> sensa* tioii areas ot th«' liraiii, and in study- ing the plieiioiiiena of li. pnotism, hys- teria, trance, sleep and pnln In the wide field calU'd hy ("arpcnti'r, mint- al physiology, [< producing most \;ilu- iihle n-siilts. 'I1li(; further extension of this metlKxl in till; ii'-oper .sriidy of matliem.il ici-* \ y prniilenif; ainl to the exa miiiition of Itiialurc 1).\ critical .slu<iy, praitl'al wi'ik, l>y Hyht reailiiig and tl:(» lili", flaw- low the jiriii 'i.ili' of I'e talnz/,i fUMi Fro( hel liaK ' r-eii acreptid. Tins while Wf nia^- agree with liili tliat ti.iis jiiinciiilc h fai t<M> iiaiwow to i<i\er ti.e wlmh- f)f ediu'ation, y»'t W4< min-t ailmit that this whifh he e;ill: the f'l'i.h^iati ilefinitmii |i;i,< uorked a tvrr.'l i(voliition in jed.igogy during tii( \ietori!in era. LKT KNOWI.EIXiE GlidW. 11i;'' Victorian era l>rouglit in a mar- \elioiiK ri(.(Hl of Kcieatifii' light, and eiiat wxntifi • leaders have left thel:- imi>rL** .strongly in thes(> .sixty ye.'us. T!i<*<r- l(a«!er« wer«' but the outcome, tli( exiivcfrt^loa of the .-cicnti!!' sjilri'. of il.c ay;c and the age li.-i.s Invn pecul- U\v\y fa^ornble to M-ientifi,' develoiJ- nient. .fustin McCarthy ha.s ploa-- antly called our attention to this. In the year in wiiicli C^ntMii victoria tiK)k ti.i tiirone, Cooke and WlieatHloiK^ in lirltahi jiutented a five needl "^ telc- ;i/ajl. aiu.' thiK \v;w< j»ut into i>pcration l>y tht Great Wosteru r.ailway noon after. In tiie *>.-inie year Steinlieil, a Geiniaa, stretched a telegraph wir<< from hi*-; li'.boratory to tiie observatory tl r(>(' miles away, jukI worked it.wliilu in <'ctober of the same year Profe-s^or Moise, in tlie L'niteil Stat<>s exliil)ijii 1 i.> sy.stem over a i;ue liaif a iniio in leiigtii. That was a meraorablo year and tlies'j thre:j indept-n lent to'legra* ]>l,jit exiicriments show the ipiii:, of tl c timoK. In til it; opening year of tlie rei^n li;e li'veiiiool ami Bamiu^aam railway in Kiig'amI was t>jieiied; and in the next t\^c yeafs the Lomion and BJrm- ingliam, Liverpool and Treston, and 4 i f I 5 1 <'H'.\tii»ii ti»il\viiy*< WTf ii;<,mI lor tr/iiTi •. l.i llic mvikI yi-iir ">r tlir rcii-ii it wmm l.utM. lut a iiiaivcl tlmt i\ riiilwiiy !<>- I'oiurdM t> !i>i<l tnivfllnl lit tlu' rntr «>f li ;il.v-fivi lullf'** 111 ill! Intur nii'l in t.i" ►MiH' year |ir<'iiar.i t ;<>rM witi- niadf (or Mi.tiin'u llK iiiailH by railwn TliC a|>iii:ia tloa ol f^tcaiii tu l. . -inn - llj: of till Atl.uitic \va.s alui»HL i«x- jM'tl.v <'<>.n( Ulc'tit with t 111' Ik'kIiiiiIii^;- <»r till' rn.4jii Till' **ti'aiiii'rM "GriMt WihtM-ri' aiu! "Siriiiw" of tlil attempt, \vliJ«' not tlio rirHt to iTOH^ till' Atl la- tir wort' t lif fir«t U> wttlc tlii' fju'L tial tl.{ Atlaiitii' <"ul.| 1m' crnsscil liy Mti'iii |ir<'j'Mlf<.i>ii alone and that a Kiilfifiea y of i'oai loiiM Ik- Ht<»\v".l away in a vexwel to aeroiupli-li th" u ;.<'!( Vo,\ a^e. Ill the fourth yeai- (».' tiie I'O'j^a, Che t'iiii;u'<| ^teal^el•M, liiimleil, lot us leiueinlM'r, liy a \i>va t-i'ot.iill. became a reyiilar uieaiiH ol (iii.**.t fiom Xow Vol k to MriHtol, llipianil li. IS".V a iif w J la II of i)o.storf;ee re- r<rm wa** nuyg-e te I \>y S;r Uoulauil Hill, atnl the iM'iv'e 'tiau' of the means <>r tifiUKj'ort I>y lain! ami liy wa led to t h«' a«.'ol>tioii, ill Ihe same year aH the f< unciny (>r the Ciiiiard line, of tlie jiMiuiiili; iritroUi ed l»y the j^ieat i);i - l'<+<': of the jieiuiy powt. A NKW LHADHU. The hccntiri- atmo^M'here of ;he aji'e I'fiiiiM;*. UH of that famou; | crjod in till lei.yi of Chnrle> II. when the Itoyal 6oi-iety w ai^ roniied, w hen itrlnte, were frfu i.tiNt-, and Hon. KhIhi L IVoyle lie- CMiiie the f<Miii<ier of iiindern t'heiuisti'y, Joli;i Hay ra 1*^0.1 Ziolojjy to a seieii •••, Tl«.lert ^^)n•iw)ll lai<l t'le her'iimini^s of miMlr'ri' Imtaiiy. ami Sir Isaae New- ton aehjeved I i.s niarveilou-* matli"- matical tii^<'overie«. The ai.\e of Victoria, he^iinniim wirh iso many tiractiral a<iaj>tatioiiK of K'ii lice to the arts and pro.e ses of .'i ■- ilizatloti lias y;aiiie<l still hUvhor r'-- siiltH thai' the fertile |K'ri<H| of the rr.-torati >n. tut oi this jiriMluetive "nidus" spraiii?; one, wJio has borne some reproach, but who by his fidelity, l»y lii-i courine, by !i:s love (►! trutli, and liy his deter- n'notl ad\ocacy of his priiiti il.'s, ■•om- maiids our res]icct a. ml (le<ervos tii;> pla.c( given iiini in Westminster Abhey — Chnrlos Darwin. Darwl i returned frtmi Iiii-i well known scientifi ' viQ^'age on the "J3englo" in the year iirccedinp; the accessi<m of (^ueen Victoria. In a few years fie published hi< work en- titled th<' "Voyafi-e of a Naturalist," w liicli struck a new key note In S(i"n- tific uiveKtIgati:>u. This wa-; followcMl ill ]85!> by an ejioch-making bo<:)k tlie "Origin of Species" and its pliilosopby litis been, taken uj> to be devcloiied and ill «r»mo case; modified by such earnest iin tstigators oh Huxley, TlyndiiJl, Spencer, Komanes, Wallace and Mi\> art. Tndy this is n billdiiit eou- i'Ullatuili of "partleiilar •' ar^', ' J:V()LI TI<»N. It Is trno that evoliiti'Ui i.'< only yet an liypotli«>NlM; It I.s als.i true that Its ailvuc.ites have tlK-lr illfleremeH, ami disaur*'*', e^IM'elall.^ In regard to man's phire in the or^aaie e\olutioti !!ut tlilN h.x'pothe^is has p;i\«>ii enorm- ous Impulse to true ei\ lll/.,i t Ion, It Iiiin done miii-li to sy>t'-ma tl/,e nature iiiid to help us to we Hoinethiiip; of the mighty priiC4'Wses an I e imiire|iciisiv<> plans iif the ureat ruler of the iini- \ei-se; It liiis atfiu'led a method which has enableil us to see not only the fXJ'owtli of tiiei'conomy of the miiUM'»il Ulngdom, and that of jtlants and anl- iiimIm, but also aldr'il in uiiderNt;iiid« ing the history and pro^,reHs of man In Ianguaj><', d . ilizatioii, pDlitl- cal institiitlna.^, eiluci t i ui, social and iinu-al reforms, iiml e\eii exhiliitiim,- to UN the (gradual iiiifoldlii);- and de\«>l- opmerit oT IMonie, I'.'itrl.ir .hai, I'ro- piietic, MoNai- /md ( hrlstiati theology. Whether we hold it in its entirety or not, \\ liether we reserve some of Its iio-iti<ui.« for further iinestijratlori or nullification or not, we ;it any rate m;iy h«s' that it has nlveii us ii new appro.acli to the studs oT the iiiiivers«\ thiit In Its doctrines nf heredity, var- iation, NtruKn;lo for <>xl-iteiK'e, eJivlron- iiMMit, reversion, ile^eii; ration, para- sitism and Hiir\ hills, it has made liimliioiis to us some of the difficult jiroliN-iiis of hiim.ai! thounht. ;iiid it liiis lirt«H| us above K •nil' of the petty find trillifip cinirr-ptioiis of tlie I'eity to an admiration of the greatness, majesty ami ghu-y of Cod. That many do not maUo this use of t h«> priiici|de.s of evolution is to Iw ;itt ribute I to the fact on tho one liaii I th;it they have not thi' reverent spirit. <ir on the other hand they have not studied its liropositions or niaiN' tiK'inselves fa- miliar with its jihllosophy. in tho great reij;n which begjin so aus|)icio(isly for science, .and wlilcdi has made mo great ;iii advance in its adajitatlon to the w;ints of liiiiii;i nity, we can hntk back on few things mor<' hopeful and Inspiring tli.an the ad- vaiiw of the medicil art. i;arly in the reign of Queen A'ictorla a New F^ngland iihysiciaii made use of nitr- ous oxido for the iiainless extraction of t«H'tIi A y<>ar <u' two after a Boston dentist employed the vapor of common ether for tho same purpose, aiiil made a revolution In this import- ant field At the ejid of the first de- cado of the reign, Sir James Y. Simpson, In Kdinburgli, used ether in his practice, but in tlie same year further excited great interest in the world of medicine by discovering tlio uses of chloroformi as nn agent / [ () III |J4-i'f<iniiliiK liitficiiK siii^'lcal n|M>r- ntldiis >\ Itlioiit |i;iiii. Wtidt ;i lilor-N- Irij; to tiiiiiiaiilty the iihi- uf MmM'»<tlii'- tlcN liMH Nm'Ii! Sci rc«'ly U'Hs liiiport- iiiil \\ UN t^i«> nii|illcii timi li.\ \ v •laiip-s, flow I/iri( I-lNt«'r, (iT tiM' prliicMploH (if aiit iKcptlf nursery I'lr.st went tli«< «'X|M'riiiiriit,M (pf I'/istciir mil 'l',viiil(ill rill pntr«'fiirtl<m, iiinl tlioii tin' praitl- ral >ir«'nliiH of tti«< Intx' pi-iwldoiit of tlio r.riti.sli As.soclatioii, an I uf many (itlit'i'H III tilt haiiir rit'hl, l«>il i<i tlii> aii<i|itif»r. of til*' N,vHt4'iiijitlz<M| offiirt In tJK' wIiU' aroa of niodorii Haiiltatlnii. SiiH'ly at tin* «'iiil nf sn mnarkaltl*' a p<'rl<Ml, t'lia rac'trrl/ni liy tln' linliis- try and fliU-ilty nf tlK- nrrat liainl of Hi'U'iitlfUr liiv<«stlp;at<irH iiM-iitlniicd, and tiM- nppUratlan or their dl8(n\ er- ics hy liiav*' and facile s|Mcia lists, \yv caniKa In« lil iiiicd if \vc stop to drop a ter civei tlic tiriHiaiit scientific writer and «'nriu'Nt ( liiistiaii, I'rofes- Hor Henry rriiiiiiiiniiil, who so early in llfo paHs4'd away in this .Iiililioo year With Hultllme faith in tlio eteriiul inyHterli's ami a chilii-lik<! tniHt 111 his Sjivloiir he took of the /hinu's III' >cleiice and slmwed tlieni to hlH {;eneratl<in. A lH'lic\er In cvo- hitioii. he Haw Its f^i-cjit |k ssihiiltieH .'iH a ini.>thod, and tlioii^li he did not alvvayH suewHnl in lils application of this diH'trlne, yet few men will l)e moni mlHsed liy those of scholarly mind and Imlepemlont thonirjit in tiK' riHliin K''"<'''iitlon. Tin: POET TKACMKU. r,nt wcieiu'e in not our only teni'licr. Tie H'uljcl nml the ernclMe arc lint nc-tiumentfr. of progre-s; tliey oily t( uch one Hide of a man. There comos to iiH tlie poet to teach uh higher vip\v--< of tiit'^'-w. Our late Lanreate hpoU.'' of the "winged-whaftw of truth" 'Iwig all ahroa<I by tlie j'oet aw tiie teachei- of I i:mf>nJty. Fi£(kIoiu "whirled but one poor jio<>t'.s 8crt>r, ajKl with hiw word^ she kIiooIi the worlii." The I'oet Browninp: comes to our mbxl fiH worthy of liig;!i regard, hut Teiinywni who thus jjiokp, was tlio pfiet-lcicher of the Victorinn aco. When the ynmig Quoen came to the tlircne, Tennyson lia^l already I'uh- lisl.ieii two umall colloctlons of jKicms, but ill tilt fifth year of her reign ap- j^oareii" tiio book of ix)Pms, whieli gave ijini hifj jilace i\» England's poetic teacher and raised him to the peckntal whicli lie occupied for more tJian lialf a century. One of tlie subjects wit'' wiuch lii« mind wa^ greatly exert l-ed wa» tiie rising' influence of .vcience. IIo was too true a poet not to feel this as one of tlie moulding forces of liis nge. In liie "In Meraoriam" he ren- rtstnts, evidently referring to tlie pajr- tial truth embodied In Darwln'« prln- clllt , «»f the "rttriJrf^le fur exJMteiice,'' the r<<iini<!t, whiMi— "Ndtiirt" rnl ill t;iitli iiinl clnw, Willi r/ivlii Hlirli'kfij iiuiiliiHt IiIm i r»«i'il." Tl « true Hpirit of liie M-er. how< ver, n jilut* ;i "CoiiH" uwiiy: I In- Hnnu; <>f woe uiit'aiiliiic itnturi''.« iJii'iKJ rrinfllit) Fm uflrr III! (ui fiirllily Hoiitf;" au<l he ifacli('*i the < | ai.ix of heavii- taiight u JMdom when In reply lie «-liig^: "Tluit ()«)(!, wld.'h ever IIvch iiikI Idvob, One (ioij, iiMi' l.iw, (iii(« I'li'inont, And JiiK" lir nff (llviiic evi-iit, To Nvhlcli tlio wlmli' iToatloii inovoM." Jm leiiiiywm'w \olnme of |8I^L» a|- |»eaH- I <tnr of his most notable poems, ^ock^Iey Hall.' i.o4k^ley lljill i or- iyr< the jiarigM of di aiipointed |ovn ,1 d the dj^tie«< of a >oid wlich 1<kk{m with Jaundiced ey<> ii|N>n the world and utter** it^ -u<l c<implaiiit In the words, ' A!i tliiigH are out of joint." Even then, h<iwovor, he was able amid the dit-apiM.liitmentH to ileclaic, '•The crc-- cent proiuiw! of my spiiit hath not wt." n-enny^oti IJve<l ii; he ^^un■et of Ms lif" t<' write tlie Hciiud to this ;i(m ai In !'i>-i "IiOck^Iey Hail " ,^ixty years after, In this tfi«- jdctuiv of tlie conrilct is e\en moic opxirewive to him. Tlio jiicluiJ; of wwhil misery which lie );lves l'i'> even <!arker lines ami deeper shad- ows tli.'Ui tli.'it of IiIh former poem; and i.'^ uttuis fiiH cry in the mid-t «)f his .sorrows.- "Evolution ever (diiiihliiij nftiT some Ideal R'ood .\n<\ Uovprsloii ever dratftfliiK ICvdliitlou ill the iniul." Vet the Kj.lrit f»r confidence rise-, and tl;e teacher wh*)wo a<'ieiitfl were ev>'r so true (ui«l wise, sn/.s :, "Forward, let tlie Htoniiy moveniont fly and iniiij>lo with tlio Past." He t lee la res, "Lovo will conquer at the laet." Tennyson's lofty coailideaiee is ln« iS]>iriiig t<» us. In the turmoil of tha l)attle of life lie gives us ground for Ktea<ItiieiH>' and hope. His cheery voico rings emt. "Follow ligiit and do tlie right." ".lie memory an<l influence of sucli a man will not easily die. Wo are not. surprised to see tlie wldo sitreatf interest in tlie l)if>grai>liy novy ;<*iuing. of this true man. and as we look at lijs slab placed in We-itmln.ster Abht^y in 18'J2. our only regret is that he hatl not lived for five years longer to hcc tJie year of the joyful jublee of ills loving frieml, the Queen. LITERAiRY TEACHERS. Tlie man of letters is a product of tJiis century, and to a large extent of (^ueen Victoria's reign. He is a man, as has been said, "endeavoring to speak forth tlie inspiration that is I I I \ 4 III lilm »».v prliito.l biioki. Wliat lir W'luln'hi tlio « lu>l«! uorll will ilo uml jiuikf." Two incii wt(ni»l •'•it Iw'fiin' ii« iih l<>ii(llii»r t^'iiclKTH I'f tli«' Victiirlaii ms*'. TlK'.v h'ltli choH' till- oswii.v form for pn'.s<'iitltin tlU'lr iiirM.siino. iill'l tli«'y lM)tll tllM'U IIW of llistir.V 111 Its IIHlHt brilliant form t<i U'acli inaiikiinl. TIk-w; two jiK'fi wvn' MiM/vulay anil ('ar!yl«v TiM' carllor «►; tli«' two wjis Maia'Hay wlio ill l^a.' biii-Ht Into faiiM' by IiIh i^say on ".Milton," jmbllHie I In tUo Ikllnbiirgl K4'Vi«)w. lb- r«'tarin'i| from Iniliii aiioiit the tiiiH' o' the lionlniiinn of til*' (jiit'Jtn'H roinii, anil bliortly uft<r pnblislic'il lilh <'H-«iyH in tlirr«' volum«*. TiK' Kr«at lilHt<iry of llngiaiiil waH imb- llHlifil lat«;r, but wn un- toM that on tlK- ap()t'arliig of t'lo tlilnl ami fonrtli voluiin'K tli<- rxrit«'m«'iit amoii^; piib- lisln-rh ari'i rcailcrs w a^ ho jri-rat "that tli«' annah of I'aUjrnoster Kow liaril- ly furriis'i any pariillt'l to It." Macaulay r<Ml«'Ciiio.l lilBtory from tli«' gra«|» of tin- iiu'i-ts aiinallHt on tiio oik- liuntl ami from tli*- lliimr-liltc ailnla- tlon of monariiliH on th<' otiior ; lu" »'t fortli In cimcnat' form tlio grrat priiiLipiuN of lilx.Tty uml iti J'I the; tliroiu'H of monarrliH l)y tlic Kpiemliil iMinviiiriiiji- po'.vcsr of iiis logii- ami rii«'- torir romblru'd. That he waH a ke.ii •artisan cniiiiot iK-rimpN Ik- ilenle I; tli«' fli'Ht n'forni |)ar- Is not Hnri'i'lsing, but grai'ofnl syle, a in I sploniil ! iiM'tho liziiin fac-nlty niaile iiini u niitjlit^ pow<'r in niuiililinn tho thought o*^ tin- earlier \l torian ug«'. Jn tin- year of (.iueeii Vi toria's ai - (•(•asiiiii Tliomns Carlylo, in th<; fir-t book tiiat ]ior4! iiis name, piiblltjliel "Th«- i'n ficli Kevoliitinii, a History.' licfon' tlii^i ln" liail written brilliant esaays, liail witii marvellous yra.sii masteroil tlie [irobleiii of (ierman i)hil- oBoi)hy anil cvea given to tlu" woiM Ills grot<'H(ine work "Sartor Kcsartus." hut tiie si)leniliil pnjs«' epic or the French lievoiutioii awake;ie I tin' tiioiight that a Ki'<'at literary t<'afhei hail risen to pi 'tiire th' wl il flanu of democracy but with mixed temlorness ami sarcO/Sm to mo !orati' tlw fi<'rfenesM of tiie Chartists ami tli<' dreaiuh of tiic revolutionists. Ho waH the aiiostie of forre— the admirer of the strong in iiitellei-t and morals. His iiirtiin- of Oliver Cromwell, pie.'-- ented with sn;di fi wealth of researrli, and completeness of ti-eatnient has absolut<ily nners-ed the opinion of the poet (Jray and of his times )f tlie lieroin soul wliom the.v sought to charge with wading "through slaugh- ter t<i a tlirone." His denuiielation of wrong Jind the fierj' zeal about it Ijelouging to, the old Hebrew prophet. Lord Jeffrey spoke of his "dreadful earnestness." and no doubt this is tlie secret of Ills mastery over Ids readers. that lie sat In lianu'iit of IKIJ his knowledge, Ills 8tji« we iilt;eli' aw ' barl'Or<MM,' "rude," "illimitable," Indeed It Una b O.I i-aijeil a new illa ect ' CaflyO ■ ■,' but yet hlu iiu'ultatloii o.' duty uh maiiH tide' emi, an I of w oik us his fiiHt gnat duty, have undoulile lly rouH«ii: and Influeined th*- agf. Ver« aclty and the hatit-l of uluim an- tils roiiHtant wfttchwordH, though his remedies are i»fteii inad«'HiiaU! and even InipottHiblo. lie is intell^ely fond of parado.\, and to some mimlH this In his charm. The state iio.it made of him Is probably true, that im miMlGrn Dnglis'i « rlt^-r' has more 'powerfully affrcti'd tli<» I'olor of im'n's tlioiights or the character uf the lit«n'uture of IdH time.' KlXICilO 8 TKAL'HINO. If the moral Influence willed by Ma- caulay ami Carlyl ' was great, nioro powerful still, in the iM-giniiin.; of (,!ucen \ Ictorla'.s reign, were the re- lij;l lus forccH at work, w ho ,o re-ults are M<>t;n at the pro.iciit time. The piTiinl ,wiiH one oi iinr«'st. T.m' ciitl- lisiu o cisol^j as II er<' H.> inl>ils of the pa^t was strong, and men were dispiisfd to in(piirt> after lli.' reuilty of things. The lilKjrty thu.-. to in- ipiire was fully uH.sort4'<|, and great /'cstixeness wu*< shown at any attempt to shut off full investi/'atioii and dis- cuscioii. The re.ictlon ug.'iiiiHt what w.i^ callcil eccl siiistlcil tyrjiiiny was iiio.st decided. This sidfit showed itself .-^troiij^ly In the bosom of the Church of llnglaml. T.) the soeoiil ye.ir of the young <pie<n"s reign I-. g«'ncr;illy jittributod the forni.il lMv,innliig of the ;reat Ox- foid nioveii;ent. It was b irne in upon nu'ii like the gentle K<'ble th.'it the clnindi was lagginu: lK.'!ilnd in her great mis- sion. Heforo till". tiiiK,' the ".-iwect and s.iintl.v Keble" had pro.K hed .1 nota- ble sermon In the Oxforil university piiljiit, In which he dcilel th • church to b(> the mere creature of the state. !i,nd a-sertod tli<> d ilm of the church to a lieavonly origin and .i diviuo pre- rogative. .\mong the anU'iit spirits who spoke witli th«* same voice as Kel>l«< wen> the brother of the histo- rian Froude, the afterward dl■^tinguisil- ed Di'. I'u ey, and im at remarkablo of all, John Henry Newman. Tli<> "Tractti for tlie Timo8." publishenl under the di- rection of Keble and -Newman, pro- «'.uced a great effect in Kngl.ind. With their theology wo have nothing ti)<l(» at prefiont. They represented u spirit winch was summed up in the state- menr. that "there wa-; me I for a. second reformation.'' The re.-iults of this movement have been so fur as can b:> seen, a marvellou.s Increase in the activity and zeal of the Church of Eng- land, and especially the assertion of f ! tiKf (loctrlno of spiritual iruU'ii.'tuloiico. Clt KCII LIBKKTV. Not IcsK iein;irkat>lo \v;is ;i. 'II cua- bioii proccotlliii; nt tiM' liojiiimlng of tin.' r«'i4;ti wllliiii tli«> C'liiircli of Scot- lariil. Tlic splilt wlilcli aiiiiiiiitod Ke- blo ami I'usey to aHH<'rt liberty for tlioir clmn-ti to piirsuo iin- trarnniflloil lier divine mis- sion, stirred up '"halmerH anil t'andlisli to demand for tlio Scotti.-di cliuroii frt'tvlom from si;it4' control In matters eKbcntiallv .-plrituiil. Tli«» Htrug;t;lo was a notal)lo one, and wlietlior wo apren or not witii tlie ac- tion taken l>y tiio dissatisfied r)arty of fiv(f iiundrod ndnist^M-s in trieir dis- ruptirif? ill ISi.'J of tlie ajicient cliurrli, we can all, with Cilatlstono, uidt<^ in sayinK tint it was oab> of tlio most sublime passages of liiatory. Tiiat men woi-e wiliing to g,ive up, for foiisi'ieni'o' sake, clmrelies, mause-, glelH>s and salari<;.s, .'iiid face tlie '.nicer- tainties of a colil world, drew out tlie lUdniii'atinu of even many of tlieir op- ponents. A gener.'ition ait«'r tl Is 1 e- roic action, tlie results of their s<'if- Kacri'ice were s en in tie aU^ltion of tiie obnoxious restriction, and tiie (Jliurcii of Scotland, liavinj;' rej>,aiiied lier anfient iil>ertie.s, now exercises the rif;lit of choosing- lier cierji-y according to the fr(M' vote of the pe(>ple. CHRISTIAN REALISM. The critical spirit tiius aroused in tiie twc great idiurciies of the motlier land, whil<' atteiuleil witli some dan- gers, worked in favor of a demand for i-eality h: sprititua! tilings. Tlie ol-p jects and ends of the church wei-e dis- cussed, creeds were regarded as mat- tr - ofKin to examination, portions of .. o'conoHiy ol llie cliurclus, wliich \u,'\ lasted for hundreds of years were ired into and tlieir value (piestion- C' ami out of it all with no doubt g e losses to religiDU lias come .-i dit-v 1 tion to follow the injunction "\ ;ve all things, hold fast, (and we may interject, 'only,'.* that which is good." IIYMNOLOGY. Out of the practical spirit which has thus beeti awakened and the desire to adapt religious teaidiing.s to the wants of the people has come the marvellous Increase in the h.vmnology of churches. A vast body of religious truth lias during these sixty years lieen "laced in musical numbers within reach of the people. Theology has been sung as mucih as it has been pieached. Tli? choii-est tiiougiits of the Hil>leandof Christiap ex| erience iiavc been \ersi- fied jinii pi«'tizcd to an e-xtent hither- erto uiikfKJwn, so that religious tiiougiits and sentiments lia\e iK'come comiiioa featuies of home life, as well as the medium of expression f(/r the jM'ople in tlie only i>art of the (diurch service in wldch tlie.v take tlie chief l»art. CO-OPERATION. The fading away of the bar- riers of prejudice letwecn the churches lias IxxiU a coiisciiuence of the nicreas(Hl lilwrty demanded m the church, of longing after reality in church exercLst>s, and of the extension of the great lio ly of church liymnol- ogy. Any one has but to take <ine of tiie books of praise of the churches to lind in it, sid(; liy silo, sweet i-ongs of Tojdad.v an<l the Wes!eys; of New- man ami Richard liiixter; of old Ber- nard of Clairvaux, and of Iloratius Bonjir : oK John Newton .•in 1 .Mr.s. .V<!- ams, the autliiu* of "Nearer My God to Thee;'" of the swi et singer, Miss Ilavergal, the (Quaker pix't Whittier. tlie Aloravi.an Zinzendorf, and tlK-gr^at relormer. Martin Lutliet. Such extreiiK's of tlieoIo,i;;y ,ire iHiund together by their natural r.- lu,ious needs, and tlu'ir common sentiment im- pels t! cm. 'in the felLiws i;) of kin- dred minds," to coiul ineil work for tiie good of humanity. The a:j;e is <vtie of prjictieal effort, and more ;ind more will every religious <>nterprise be brought to the touchstone of reality and truth. THE DIAMOND JIBILEE. The D]amon<I Jubilee year has been a year for the gathering together of rc- wiMfi. The pageant of the tweni.y- wcoiid of June wa.s a worthy i>re - entatioa of the variou.s elementw wl ic!i lave made the reign of Quei n Victoria d:,stiii!i,uisiied. Tic leaders of the gieat educational forics were tiiiMe, i;<.teLi (seicntiwts were honored gucists, a>s re; relenting achievements of the Victorian age, great literary men sang pae;in,s of reiolcing and were presmt to show their loyalty and devotion; but IK/ part of it waK t^o great a.- when the Jified and Iionoreil Sovereign, .'■ur- rouiuleu l)y her political ,'ind military chiefs, titopi)e<l in front of ,St. I'aul'.-, Cathedra! .and led by her religious guides iK^wed in reverence to Almighty Go^l to kIiow tiitvt all her power was acknowIcd4red as coming from tiie King of Kings, ami that lier Era:ii.-e is fcunded on the jirincijilevs of intel- ligence, righteousnew-, aiul truth. I ■I I Publications of Prof. Bryce, LL.D. MANITOBA COLLEGE, WINNIPEG. Also Author of Articles " Manitoba " and "Winnipeg;" in I-jirvclopedia Britannica, and of "Canada," in "Narrative and Critical History of America." I I 10. 1 1, r . 14. 13- 16. 17- iS. 19. 20. Ji. 23- 24. 25- 26. 27 2S. 29 .\0. i'- .1 NAMlv I'lni.isiiicRS. M\NiioiiA : Infaiicv, (irowlli rind I'reseiit Condition. .Sampson Low ,V Co., London svo. ( 'I'lie Standard \Vork on Manitoba Hi.story). A Slioit Histoiv oftlie Canaili.in I'fople Sampson Low \ Co., I.omlon .. Svo. (The l)fst short history of Canada published). I-ive Korts of Winnipeg Royal Society of Canada <to. riea for a Canadian Camden Society " '• 4to. Noted Journeys in Rupert's Land " " 410. History of ICducalion in Manitoba British Association Svo The Winnipeg Cotintry Manitoba Historical Society The Mound Hitildcrs, Illustrated ( scarce 1 " '• Memorial of .\. K. Isbister, LI,. B The Souri- Country— Mounds and Mountains " " Sketch of Joliu Tanner. Manitoba Scout '' " The Old Settlers ol Red River •' " Notes on Harmon's Journal " " The Celt in the Northwest Montreal Celtic Society. Holiday Randiles between Winnipeg and Victoria. . Manitoba Free Press Two Provisional tioverntuents in Manitoba Manitoba Historical Society I'he I'irst Recorder of Rupert's Land — Judge Thorn. " ' A Modern University Manitoba College Literary Society. Surface (leology of Red River, etc !. .Manitoba Hi.storical Society l^arly Reminiscences of Manitoba College Manitoba College Literary Society Older Ceology of Red River, etc Manitoba Historical Society The Assiniboine and Its l''ort» Royal Society of Canada 4to. Our Indians A New Nation Manitoba College Literary Society B'arly Reminiscences of Winnipeg Manitoba Historical Society Pressing Kdncational Problems Manitoba College Literary Society Problems of Creater Canada Our Canadian Prairies ( Kdlted) C. H. Robinson, I'oronto Prairie Agriculture (L;dited) Con.solidated Stationery Co , Wpg. Worthies of Old Red River Manitol)a Historical Society C.reat Britain as Seen by Canadian I;yes Manitoba College Literary Society Lake of the Woods -Hi.story, Geology, Mining and Manufactures ' Manitoba Historical Society Iviucational Thoughts for the Diamond Jubilee Year . . Manitoba College Literary Society.