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}l 
 
 BALMORAL CASTLE 
 1837-1897 
 
 nmai: 
 
 m 
 
 COMPLIMENTS 
 
 DR. AND MRS. BRYCE 
 
 ,73 A 
 
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 7 
 
 
 A 
 
 O 
 
 T\ 
 
 Z:^ 
 
 r<X 
 
 A 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 Bnani]i]®md JaalbnQee Year 
 
 BY 
 
 Rev. Prof. Qeoroe Bryce, LL.D. 
 
 Hdnorary President of 
 
 Manitoba College Literary Society 
 
 
 ^ INAUGURAL. ADDRESS ^ 
 
 DELIVERED IN CONVOCATION HALL, MANITOBA COLLEGE 
 
 WINNIPEG, NOVEMBER J9th, 1897 
 
 FREE PRESS COMPANY 
 
 & 
 
 l^ 
 

E© 
 
 0©RTE©I^HL 
 
 •Tm©oght 
 
f 
 
 
 ( _ 
 
 
EDUCATIONAL THOUGHTS FOR THE 
 DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR 
 
 On Friday cveiiliiff, lObli of Xovenv 
 b<!r, tlio first oixiii iiKXJtliig for tlu' 
 »'SHion of tUo Ivlterury S'^M^lety of 
 Maiiltobji t'olirge, was lielii in the 
 Convot-atlfwi luill nf tin- coiego. TIuj 
 Bpaciouh iinll wiiH filled to its utmotjt 
 capacity by students juid friends of 
 tlio college. After a nunibi-r of vocal 
 and iiifltru mental selertions had bein 
 renderetl by ncconipiial ed artists, th«' 
 pit^idont of tlie sixciety, Kov. Dr. 
 Bryc<r (!ell\erod tin.' following inaug- 
 ural nddr»**(.s for tlic session. 1897-H : 
 
 Five .venrs l)efore tiie accession of 
 Queen Victciria to tiie tliroiie tlie li<^- 
 form bin liatl luissed. Tlie brilliant 
 writer, Jnstin .McCarthy 8ays : "It 
 settled forever tli<! (luestion wiiich bad 
 Ix'en so fiercely and grav<'ly debated, 
 whetlier the llnglish conatitution is or 
 is not based upi>n a system of pt)i.'U'ar 
 representation." It extcntleil the 
 power down to the middle classes, alt- 
 though the working people were still 
 unrecognized in the fraucluse. 
 
 The beginning of the Victorian era 
 saw the turmoil of agitation whicli 
 took the form of a tiemand for the 
 "I'eople's Charter," and led to riot- 
 ing and violence. In Cajnada on the 
 young Queen's assumption of power, 
 two rebellions were In progress, the 
 one of William Lyon .McKenzle in Up- 
 per Canada, and the other of Papineau 
 In Lower Canada, tlie struggle being 
 In each case for popular rights. Chart- 
 ism In England passed away, and rft* 
 bellion In Canada ceased— In both cases 
 to be followed by increased popular 
 privilege® and by the introduction of 
 the reign of the people. It was a 
 somewhat discouraging outlook for 
 the young: Queen of eighteen years. 
 Sixty years have since elapsed and we 
 celebrate a year of profound S'^'-lal 
 peace throughout the empire. 
 
 EDDGATION. 
 
 Tiie granting of Increased power to 
 the people brings wltli it the correla- 
 tive of popular education. Ten years 
 before the Queen's reign began, Pes* 
 talozzl, the great Swiss educatlooal 
 reformer, passed away, at the ripe 
 age of elglity-one, leaving behind him 
 the dictum : "Every human telng 
 lias a claim to a judicious develop- 
 ment of his faculties by those to whom 
 tlie care of his Infancy Is confided." 
 
 The benevolent Quaker, William I'enn, 
 in granting, long l»efore, one of his 
 charters carried out thin principle fitiv 
 tliei- when after sjH'aking of the good 
 education (if youth, he said, "which 
 cannot In- effected In an.v manner, lo 
 well as by erecting pul)lic schools for 
 the purpose aforesahl." 
 
 The Hrltlsh ixxiple with shrewd 
 common senwj saw that a widened 
 franchise flemandeil efforts to iiicreaw; 
 tiie intelligence of tlu* enfranchised, 
 and, as history tells us, "a. syhtom of 
 national education Ltegun in 1831 by 
 a small annual grant towaril the 
 erection of schools, was ileveioped in 
 1839 by the creation of a committee 
 of the Privy Council for educational 
 |)urposes and l)y tlie steady increase 
 of educational grants." 
 
 In I'pper Canada tlie same ix^rlod 
 was witness of the foiiuilng of a syPti 
 tern of public school education. In 
 1841 Egerton Kyersoji was offered 
 the appointment of suierintendent 
 with a view of organizing more fully 
 a syst^-n: of elementary education. 
 Tlint' years nfterwarti he was ap- 
 pointed, and In the nhith year of the 
 reign o( Queen Victoria the syst<>m 
 of education for the province of Dp- 
 ixjr Canada was firmly establlsheii by 
 {ict. 
 
 As we look at tlie splendid culmin^ 
 ation of the English system In the 
 "Board Schools," established In 1870 
 and carried out with such grand re^ 
 suits, as well as at the scliool system 
 of Ontario wlilch Is perhaps the most 
 complete on tlie American continent, 
 we are compelled to confess surprise 
 at the educational achievements dun. 
 ing the reign of our beloved Queen. 
 
 So far as tlio unlver.»<lty iKjrlod In 
 Canada is concerned, It may almost 
 l)o confined to the reign of Queen Vic- 
 toria. Willie McCilU college was In- 
 corporated la 1827, It did but little 
 before the Victorian era, while Toron« 
 to— under the name of King's, Queen's 
 and Victoria, were all begun In 1841 
 or tlie year after. The universities 
 of Canada have tlius owed their fame 
 entirely to the sixty years just clos- 
 etl. Compared with Oxford and Cam- 
 bridge, or even wltli Harvard, the 
 oldest university In Ataerlca, our 
 higher Institutions are trifling in 
 their age, but the Inscription on To- 
 
I 
 
 rnnt<i iiiilvoi-Nlty, "I/lk*- ii Itinip iim.v 
 It Hliino, liUi> tlir Ivt'i' limy It nrnw" 
 In n fitting iiintto fur tli«> r«'itinrknlil«> 
 nml hiwiltliy ^ruw tli nT mir rnii.nllti ii 
 iirilv«>r(*ltl<>s. 
 
 M:r>.\<ii)i;v. 
 
 I'liit H tlio hixty .vtjnv jiirtl cIom-iI 
 liiiv»( In'«'ii mit4H| fur tlir p,''"" tli i>r 
 iiiNtltiitloiiH, iniiuli iii<ir4> nn- tli«'y iiot- 
 ('<l rut' a(lvjiiic4>iiiciit ill tlio (irt .■mil 
 Hi'icru**' nf t«'fi(liiiij;. hi the vrry 
 y«'Jir tliat <iu('«'ii Victociti (iki'(»iiiI«'(I 
 tliO throri*' I'rie Iricli I'nieb'l. In 
 tlio \illn(;'<> lit r.lii iiknilM'i'U'. •i|h-ii>-<I 
 till' fh'Ht ldiitl»'iniirt<ii >4'iMMi|. i|i> saw 
 a il«>riiilt« aim gn-at |iriiici|ii«> iiT «>(iu- 
 catioii aail «'Xiti'«'K.>«'(| it tliii.s. •'i'roui 
 aulioa iiiiiNl tli4-i'<'r<ii-*- start true liu- 
 niaii «Hiiu'at idii, tin- (Icvfloiiinn- cilnca- 
 tioii of tiK' iiiaii." 
 
 tlio KaUK' I>I-illLM|ii<', 
 
 I'irarly Haw it ami 
 TIm' fai't tiiat III 
 Inmi ill Willi' 
 t>(l must Im 
 
 l'(>Mtaliiz//i a|ii)lie I 
 hut !• roi'iM'i iiKH'c 
 a<i(.i|iti>tl it. 
 Ill iias an ni-|j.aii- 
 iiiia I ami Itoily arc iiiilt- 
 takcMi Into aco.int by 
 «»v«'ry trnr «'(inc'at()r Tiiat it is liy 
 Htinlyinn- anil draiinn' uitii tiic uraiiii- 
 aliy (lovclnpinu' iiii:iil an I Ik) ly tliat wf 
 c;aii ln>|M' t<i iiavc liijiln'st ■«in'i'i',ss in 
 t«\'ic'liinjj; liaH iM't'iiiiii' in tln> Nii-tnrian 
 <'ra a i>riiifiiiif (;rav('n in n'lldi'ii li't- 
 U^rfi on nil our tcniiili's of ifaraiiin 
 Tlio npiiiic.'ation of tiiis iirincipio 
 wlili'li haw lK>«'n nivi-n tli«' com-n't' 
 riaino ol "(liilit Htinly," is lint tli*- 
 cnnvictlon tiiat cvrry aflcnMit an I 
 (•ffe cut nerve every nius li;, every 
 orKan an I evei-y t^'iniency is a c ir- 
 rolnteil factor u itli tli" inentai fac- 
 ulty in niakin^j; up tiie totality of tlie 
 pliili! or man 
 
 Tlu' Ail'torian a^e lias s<'en the 
 upplioation of this teiiehiiiu,' prinel!tl<> 
 ill the praetieal eilueatiDii now Iktoiii- 
 InH' more ami more iiisisteil on in our 
 lilfTJier seats nf lea rniiiti'. Acfiiriliiifr 
 to the lilHtoriaiis of eilueation, "Tlie 
 Jesuits In thel • sy.ste;n of e lu -atl )n 
 dill not aim at developinjj; all tia- fac- 
 ulti<»s of their pupils, hut mainly the 
 receptive ami reprodiu'ti\<' faenitiiK. 
 Originality and imleiti'mlenc' of mind, 
 Iov<» of tr>itli for itw own sak«', the 
 pow<?r of refU'ctin^- an. I of formiiif;' 
 corr<'ct juilp;mentK were not merely 
 neglected — they were snp])ressiHl in 
 tlie Jesuit systom." AccordinR: to 
 Tojie'H (f*evero hatln' in tho Dnneiail on 
 tho education in Kn|pland in liis time 
 it waB tliG same: 
 
 " Since nia.n from be.ofit by words is 
 knovB, 
 
 Words are man's pTovince, words we 
 te^ch Alone." 
 
 Tho use of lalH)ratorios now for tlio 
 practical teaching of all the seienoeK 
 — tliat tho student may t«\st and ex- 
 amine for himself and not take all 
 his facts at second, hand; the study 
 from real epecimens of tho oharaoter- 
 
 lNtlc:4 of plaiitN and animals the 
 graNplntc liy actui.i examination and 
 oliHervatlon of the grts'it facts of 
 physical science; the us t of the test 
 tnlN>, the hlow pl|M', tlii> NiM^UrofCope, 
 tho iialance the mlcrohi-o|H', an I tiie 
 
 iliMs4>ctliig knife: tilt Iti\atiuii in 
 
 short of tho [lowers of ohwrv a tion, 
 discrimlniit ion, accurate Judviiiieat 
 and ol r^'ady genera lizat inn: the skil- 
 ful iiffi- of tho eye, tii«' ear, the toudi; 
 tli«> management of musclei an I the 
 control of nerv*'- all tliesi are de\el- 
 opmeiitH of this principii' of t«'aching. 
 \Ior«s)v«'r, tli» application of tliiH 
 princii»lo to the stud.\ nf psychology, 
 in meaMirliig iier\e iiio\ (Miieiits, after 
 llejnilinltz in examining tli(> sensa* 
 tioii areas ot th«' liraiii, and in study- 
 ing the plieiioiiiena of li. pnotism, hys- 
 teria, trance, sleep and pnln In the 
 wide field calU'd hy ("arpcnti'r, mint- 
 al physiology, [< producing most \;ilu- 
 iihle n-siilts. 
 
 'I1li(; further extension of this metlKxl 
 in till; ii'-oper .sriidy of matliem.il ici-* 
 \ y prniilenif; ainl to the exa miiiition of 
 Itiialurc 1).\ critical .slu<iy, praitl'al 
 wi'ik, l>y Hyht reailiiig and tl:(» lili", 
 flaw- low the jiriii 'i.ili' of I'e talnz/,i 
 fUMi Fro( hel liaK ' r-eii acreptid. Tins 
 while Wf nia^- agree with liili tliat 
 ti.iis jiiinciiilc h fai t<M> iiaiwow to 
 i<i\er ti.e wlmh- f)f ediu'ation, y»'t W4< 
 min-t ailmit that this whifh he e;ill: 
 the f'l'i.h^iati ilefinitmii |i;i,< uorked a 
 tvrr.'l i(voliition in jed.igogy during 
 tii( \ietori!in era. 
 
 LKT KNOWI.EIXiE GlidW. 
 
 11i;'' Victorian era l>rouglit in a mar- 
 \elioiiK ri(.(Hl of Kcieatifii' light, and 
 eiiat wxntifi • leaders have left thel:- 
 imi>rL** .strongly in thes(> .sixty ye.'us. 
 T!i<*<r- l(a«!er« wer«' but the outcome, 
 tli( exiivcfrt^loa of the .-cicnti!!' sjilri'. 
 of il.c ay;c and the age li.-i.s Invn pecul- 
 U\v\y fa^ornble to M-ientifi,' develoiJ- 
 nient. .fustin McCarthy ha.s ploa-- 
 antly called our attention to this. In 
 the year in wiiicli C^ntMii victoria tiK)k 
 ti.i tiirone, Cooke and WlieatHloiK^ in 
 lirltahi jiutented a five needl "^ telc- 
 ;i/ajl. aiu.' thiK \v;w< j»ut into i>pcration 
 l>y tht Great Wosteru r.ailway noon 
 after. In tiie *>.-inie year Steinlieil, 
 a Geiniaa, stretched a telegraph wir<< 
 from hi*-; li'.boratory to tiie observatory 
 tl r(>(' miles away, jukI worked it.wliilu 
 in <'ctober of the same year Profe-s^or 
 Moise, in tlie L'niteil Stat<>s exliil)ijii 
 1 i.> sy.stem over a i;ue liaif a iniio in 
 leiigtii. That was a meraorablo year 
 and tlies'j thre:j indept-n lent to'legra* 
 ]>l,jit exiicriments show the ipiii:, of 
 tl c timoK. 
 
 In til it; opening year of tlie rei^n 
 li;e li'veiiiool ami Bamiu^aam railway 
 in Kiig'amI was t>jieiied; and in the 
 next t\^c yeafs the Lomion and BJrm- 
 ingliam, Liverpool and Treston, and 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
I 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 <'H'.\tii»ii ti»il\viiy*< WTf ii;<,mI lor tr/iiTi •. 
 l.i llic mvikI yi-iir ">r tlir rcii-ii it wmm 
 l.utM. lut a iiiaivcl tlmt i\ riiilwiiy !<>- 
 I'oiurdM t> !i>i<l tnivfllnl lit tlu' rntr «>f 
 li ;il.v-fivi lullf'** 111 ill! Intur nii'l in t.i" 
 ►MiH' year |ir<'iiar.i t ;<>rM witi- niadf (or 
 Mi.tiin'u llK iiiailH by railwn 
 TliC a|>iii:ia tloa ol f^tcaiii tu l. . -inn - 
 llj: of till Atl.uitic \va.s alui»HL i«x- 
 jM'tl.v <'<>.n( Ulc'tit with t 111' Ik'kIiiiiIii^;- <»r 
 till' rn.4jii Till' **ti'aiiii'rM "GriMt 
 
 WihtM-ri' aiu! "Siriiiw" of tlil attempt, 
 \vliJ«' not tlio rirHt to iTOH^ till' Atl la- 
 tir wort' t lif fir«t U> wttlc tlii' fju'L 
 tial tl.{ Atlaiitii' <"ul.| 1m' crnsscil liy 
 Mti'iii |ir<'j'Mlf<.i>ii alone and that a 
 Kiilfifiea y of i'oai loiiM Ik- Ht<»\v".l 
 away in a vexwel to aeroiupli-li th" 
 u ;.<'!( Vo,\ a^e. Ill the fourth yeai- 
 (».' tiie I'O'j^a, Che t'iiii;u'<| ^teal^el•M, 
 liiimleil, lot us leiueinlM'r, liy a \i>va 
 t-i'ot.iill. became a reyiilar uieaiiH ol 
 (iii.**.t fiom Xow Vol k to MriHtol, 
 llipianil 
 
 li. IS".V a iif w J la II of i)o.storf;ee re- 
 r<rm wa** nuyg-e te I \>y S;r Uoulauil 
 Hill, atnl the iM'iv'e 'tiau' of the means 
 <>r tifiUKj'ort I>y lain! ami liy wa led 
 to t h«' a«.'ol>tioii, ill Ihe same year aH 
 the f< unciny (>r the Ciiiiard line, of tlie 
 jiMiuiiili; iritroUi ed l»y the j^ieat i);i - 
 l'<+<': of the jieiuiy powt. 
 
 A NKW LHADHU. 
 
 The hccntiri- atmo^M'here of ;he aji'e 
 I'fiiiiM;*. UH of that famou; | crjod in 
 till lei.yi of Chnrle> II. when the Itoyal 
 6oi-iety w ai^ roniied, w hen itrlnte, were 
 frfu i.tiNt-, and Hon. KhIhi L IVoyle lie- 
 CMiiie the f<Miii<ier of iiindern t'heiuisti'y, 
 Joli;i Hay ra 1*^0.1 Ziolojjy to a seieii •••, 
 Tl«.lert ^^)n•iw)ll lai<l t'le her'iimini^s 
 of miMlr'ri' Imtaiiy. ami Sir Isaae New- 
 ton aehjeved I i.s niarveilou-* matli"- 
 matical tii^<'overie«. 
 
 The ai.\e of Victoria, he^iinniim wirh 
 iso many tiractiral a<iaj>tatioiiK of 
 K'ii lice to the arts and pro.e ses of .'i ■- 
 ilizatloti lias y;aiiie<l still hUvhor r'-- 
 siiltH thai' the fertile |K'ri<H| of the 
 rr.-torati >n. 
 
 tut oi this jiriMluetive "nidus" spraiii?; 
 one, wJio has borne some reproach, but 
 who by his fidelity, l»y lii-i courine, 
 by !i:s love (►! trutli, and liy his deter- 
 n'notl ad\ocacy of his priiiti il.'s, ■•om- 
 maiids our res]icct a. ml (le<ervos tii;> 
 pla.c( given iiini in Westminster Abhey 
 — Chnrlos Darwin. Darwl i returned 
 frtmi Iiii-i well known scientifi ' viQ^'age 
 on the "J3englo" in the year iirccedinp; 
 the accessi<m of (^ueen Victoria. In 
 a few years fie published hi< work en- 
 titled th<' "Voyafi-e of a Naturalist," 
 w liicli struck a new key note In S(i"n- 
 tific uiveKtIgati:>u. This wa-; followcMl 
 ill ]85!> by an ejioch-making bo<:)k tlie 
 "Origin of Species" and its pliilosopby 
 litis been, taken uj> to be devcloiied and 
 ill «r»mo case; modified by such earnest 
 iin tstigators oh Huxley, TlyndiiJl, 
 Spencer, Komanes, Wallace and Mi\> 
 
 art. Tndy this is n billdiiit eou- 
 i'Ullatuili of "partleiilar •' ar^', ' 
 
 J:V()LI TI<»N. 
 
 It Is trno that evoliiti'Ui i.'< only yet 
 an liypotli«>NlM; It I.s als.i true that Its 
 ailvuc.ites have tlK-lr illfleremeH, ami 
 disaur*'*', e^IM'elall.^ In regard to 
 man's phire in the or^aaie e\olutioti 
 !!ut tlilN h.x'pothe^is has p;i\«>ii enorm- 
 ous Impulse to true ei\ lll/.,i t Ion, It Iiiin 
 done miii-li to sy>t'-ma tl/,e nature iiiid 
 to help us to we Hoinethiiip; of the 
 mighty priiC4'Wses an I e imiire|iciisiv<> 
 plans iif the ureat ruler of the iini- 
 \ei-se; It liiis atfiu'led a method which 
 has enableil us to see not only the 
 fXJ'owtli of tiiei'conomy of the miiUM'»il 
 Ulngdom, and that of jtlants and anl- 
 iiimIm, but also aldr'il in uiiderNt;iiid« 
 ing the history and pro^,reHs of 
 man In Ianguaj><', d . ilizatioii, pDlitl- 
 cal institiitlna.^, eiluci t i ui, social and 
 iinu-al reforms, iiml e\eii exhiliitiim,- to 
 UN the (gradual iiiifoldlii);- and de\«>l- 
 opmerit oT IMonie, I'.'itrl.ir .hai, I'ro- 
 piietic, MoNai- /md ( hrlstiati theology. 
 
 Whether we hold it in its entirety 
 or not, \\ liether we reserve some of 
 Its iio-iti<ui.« for further iinestijratlori 
 or nullification or not, we ;it any rate 
 m;iy h«s' that it has nlveii us ii new 
 appro.acli to the studs oT the iiiiivers«\ 
 thiit In Its doctrines nf heredity, var- 
 iation, NtruKn;lo for <>xl-iteiK'e, eJivlron- 
 iiMMit, reversion, ile^eii; ration, para- 
 sitism and Hiir\ hills, it has made 
 liimliioiis to us some of the difficult 
 jiroliN-iiis of hiim.ai! thounht. ;iiid it 
 liiis lirt«H| us above K •nil' of the petty 
 find trillifip cinirr-ptioiis of tlie I'eity 
 to an admiration of the greatness, 
 majesty ami ghu-y of Cod. That many 
 do not maUo this use of t h«> priiici|de.s 
 of evolution is to Iw ;itt ribute I to the 
 fact on tho one liaii I th;it they have 
 not thi' reverent spirit. <ir on the 
 other hand they have not studied its 
 liropositions or niaiN' tiK'inselves fa- 
 miliar with its jihllosophy. 
 
 in tho great reij;n which begjin so 
 aus|)icio(isly for science, .and wlilcdi 
 has made mo great ;iii advance in its 
 adajitatlon to the w;ints of liiiiii;i nity, 
 we can hntk back on few things mor<' 
 hopeful and Inspiring tli.an the ad- 
 vaiiw of the medicil art. i;arly in 
 the reign of Queen A'ictorla a New 
 F^ngland iihysiciaii made use of nitr- 
 ous oxido for the iiainless extraction 
 of t«H'tIi A y<>ar <u' two after a 
 Boston dentist employed the vapor of 
 common ether for tho same purpose, 
 aiiil made a revolution In this import- 
 ant field At the ejid of the first de- 
 cado of the reign, Sir James Y. 
 Simpson, In Kdinburgli, used ether in 
 his practice, but in tlie same year 
 further excited great interest in 
 the world of medicine by discovering 
 tlio uses of chloroformi as nn agent 
 
/ 
 
 [ 
 
 () 
 
 III |J4-i'f<iniiliiK liitficiiK siii^'lcal n|M>r- 
 ntldiis >\ Itlioiit |i;iiii. Wtidt ;i lilor-N- 
 Irij; to tiiiiiiaiilty the iihi- uf MmM'»<tlii'- 
 tlcN liMH Nm'Ii! Sci rc«'ly U'Hs liiiport- 
 iiiil \\ UN t^i«> nii|illcii timi li.\ \ v •laiip-s, 
 flow I/iri( I-lNt«'r, (iT tiM' prliicMploH (if 
 aiit iKcptlf nursery I'lr.st went tli«< 
 «'X|M'riiiiriit,M (pf I'/istciir mil 'l',viiil(ill 
 rill pntr«'fiirtl<m, iiinl tlioii tin' praitl- 
 ral >ir«'nliiH of tti«< Intx' pi-iwldoiit of 
 tlio r.riti.sli As.soclatioii, an I uf many 
 (itlit'i'H III tilt haiiir rit'hl, l«>il i<i tlii> 
 aii<i|itif»r. of til*' N,vHt4'iiijitlz<M| offiirt In 
 tJK' wIiU' aroa of niodorii Haiiltatlnii. 
 SiiH'ly at tin* «'iiil nf sn mnarkaltl*' 
 a p<'rl<Ml, t'lia rac'trrl/ni liy tln' linliis- 
 try and fliU-ilty nf tlK- nrrat liainl 
 of Hi'U'iitlfUr liiv<«stlp;at<irH iiM-iitlniicd, 
 and tiM- nppUratlan or their dl8(n\ er- 
 ics hy liiav*' and facile s|Mcia lists, \yv 
 caniKa In« lil iiiicd if \vc stop to drop 
 a ter civei tlic tiriHiaiit scientific 
 writer and «'nriu'Nt ( liiistiaii, I'rofes- 
 Hor Henry rriiiiiiiiniiil, who so early 
 in llfo paHs4'd away in this .Iiililioo 
 year With Hultllme faith in tlio 
 eteriiul inyHterli's ami a chilii-lik<! 
 tniHt 111 his Sjivloiir he took of the 
 /hinu's III' >cleiice and slmwed tlieni 
 to hlH {;eneratl<in. A lH'lic\er In cvo- 
 hitioii. he Haw Its f^i-cjit |k ssihiiltieH 
 .'iH a ini.>thod, and tlioii^li he did not 
 alvvayH suewHnl in lils application of 
 this diH'trlne, yet few men will l)e 
 moni mlHsed liy those of scholarly 
 mind and Imlepemlont thonirjit in tiK' 
 riHliin K''"<'''iitlon. 
 
 Tin: POET TKACMKU. 
 
 r,nt wcieiu'e in not our only teni'licr. 
 Tie H'uljcl nml the ernclMe arc lint 
 nc-tiumentfr. of progre-s; tliey oily 
 t( uch one Hide of a man. There comos 
 to iiH tlie poet to teach uh higher vip\v--< 
 of tiit'^'-w. Our late Lanreate hpoU.'' 
 of the "winged-whaftw of truth" 'Iwig 
 all ahroa<I by tlie j'oet aw tiie teachei- 
 of I i:mf>nJty. 
 
 Fi£(kIoiu "whirled but one poor jio<>t'.s 
 8crt>r, ajKl with hiw word^ she kIiooIi 
 the worlii." 
 
 The I'oet Browninp: comes to our 
 mbxl fiH worthy of liig;!i regard, hut 
 Teiinywni who thus jjiokp, was tlio 
 pfiet-lcicher of the Victorinn aco. 
 When the ynmig Quoen came to the 
 tlircne, Tennyson lia^l already I'uh- 
 lisl.ieii two umall colloctlons of jKicms, 
 but ill tilt fifth year of her reign ap- 
 j^oareii" tiio book of ix)Pms, whieli gave 
 ijini hifj jilace i\» England's poetic 
 teacher and raised him to the peckntal 
 whicli lie occupied for more tJian lialf 
 a century. One of tlie subjects wit'' 
 wiuch lii« mind wa^ greatly exert l-ed 
 wa» tiie rising' influence of .vcience. IIo 
 was too true a poet not to feel this 
 as one of tlie moulding forces of liis 
 nge. In liie "In Meraoriam" he ren- 
 rtstnts, evidently referring to tlie pajr- 
 tial truth embodied In Darwln'« prln- 
 
 clllt , «»f the "rttriJrf^le fur exJMteiice,'' 
 the r<<iini<!t, whiMi— 
 
 "Ndtiirt" rnl ill t;iitli iiinl clnw, 
 Willi r/ivlii Hlirli'kfij iiuiiliiHt IiIm i r»«i'il." 
 
 Tl « true Hpirit of liie M-er. how< ver, 
 n jilut* ;i 
 
 "CoiiH" uwiiy: I In- Hnnu; <>f woe uiit'aiiliiic 
 
 itnturi''.« iJii'iKJ rrinfllit) 
 Fm uflrr III! (ui fiirllily Hoiitf;" 
 
 au<l he ifacli('*i the < | ai.ix of heavii- 
 taiight u JMdom when In reply lie «-liig^: 
 
 "Tluit ()«)(!, wld.'h ever IIvch iiikI Idvob, 
 
 One (ioij, iiMi' l.iw, (iii(« I'li'inont, 
 
 And JiiK" lir nff (llviiic evi-iit, 
 
 To Nvhlcli tlio wlmli' iToatloii inovoM." 
 
 Jm leiiiiywm'w \olnme of |8I^L» a|- 
 |»eaH- I <tnr of his most notable poems, 
 
 ^ock^Iey Hall.' i.o4k^ley lljill i or- 
 iyr< the jiarigM of di aiipointed |ovn 
 ,1 d the dj^tie«< of a >oid wlich 1<kk{m 
 with Jaundiced ey<> ii|N>n the world and 
 utter** it^ -u<l c<implaiiit In the words, 
 ' A!i tliiigH are out of joint." Even 
 then, h<iwovor, he was able amid the 
 dit-apiM.liitmentH to ileclaic, '•The crc-- 
 cent proiuiw! of my spiiit hath not 
 wt." 
 
 n-enny^oti IJve<l ii; he ^^un■et of Ms 
 lif" t<' write tlie Hciiud to this ;i(m ai In 
 !'i>-i "IiOck^Iey Hail " ,^ixty years after, 
 In this tfi«- jdctuiv of tlie conrilct is 
 e\en moic opxirewive to him. Tlio 
 jiicluiJ; of wwhil misery which lie );lves 
 l'i'> even <!arker lines ami deeper shad- 
 ows tli.'Ui tli.'it of IiIh former poem; and 
 i.'^ uttuis fiiH cry in the mid-t «)f his 
 .sorrows.- 
 
 "Evolution ever (diiiihliiij nftiT some 
 
 Ideal R'ood 
 .\n<\ Uovprsloii ever dratftfliiK ICvdliitlou 
 
 ill the iniul." 
 
 Vet the Kj.lrit f»r confidence rise-, and 
 tl;e teacher wh*)wo a<'ieiitfl were ev>'r 
 so true (ui«l wise, sn/.s :, 
 
 "Forward, let tlie Htoniiy moveniont fly 
 and iniiij>lo with tlio Past." 
 
 He t lee la res, 
 "Lovo will conquer at the laet." 
 
 Tennyson's lofty coailideaiee is ln« 
 iS]>iriiig t<» us. In the turmoil of tha 
 l)attle of life lie gives us ground for 
 Ktea<ItiieiH>' and hope. His cheery voico 
 rings emt. "Follow ligiit and do tlie 
 right." ".lie memory an<l influence of 
 sucli a man will not easily die. Wo 
 are not. surprised to see tlie wldo 
 sitreatf interest in tlie l)if>grai>liy novy 
 ;<*iuing. of this true man. and as we 
 look at lijs slab placed in We-itmln.ster 
 Abht^y in 18'J2. our only regret is that 
 he hatl not lived for five years longer 
 to hcc tJie year of the joyful jublee of 
 ills loving frieml, the Queen. 
 
 LITERAiRY TEACHERS. 
 
 Tlie man of letters is a product of 
 tJiis century, and to a large extent 
 of (^ueen Victoria's reign. He is a 
 man, as has been said, "endeavoring 
 to speak forth tlie inspiration that is 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 \ 
 
 4 
 
 III lilm »».v prliito.l biioki. Wliat lir 
 W'luln'hi tlio « lu>l«! uorll will ilo uml 
 jiuikf." Two incii wt(ni»l •'•it Iw'fiin' ii« iih 
 l<>ii(llii»r t^'iiclKTH I'f tli«' Victiirlaii ms*'. 
 TlK'.v h'ltli choH' till- oswii.v form for 
 pn'.s<'iitltin tlU'lr iiirM.siino. iill'l tli«'y 
 
 lM)tll tllM'U IIW of llistir.V 111 Its IIHlHt 
 
 brilliant form t<i U'acli inaiikiinl. TIk-w; 
 two jiK'fi wvn' MiM/vulay anil ('ar!yl«v 
 TiM' carllor «►; tli«' two wjis Maia'Hay 
 wlio ill l^a.' biii-Ht Into faiiM' by IiIh 
 i^say on ".Milton," jmbllHie I In tUo 
 Ikllnbiirgl K4'Vi«)w. lb- r«'tarin'i| from 
 Iniliii aiioiit the tiiiH' o' the lionlniiinn 
 of til*' (jiit'Jtn'H roinii, anil bliortly uft<r 
 pnblislic'il lilh <'H-«iyH in tlirr«' volum«*. 
 TiK' Kr«at lilHt<iry of llngiaiiil waH imb- 
 llHlifil lat«;r, but wn un- toM that on 
 tlK- ap()t'arliig of t'lo tlilnl ami fonrtli 
 voluiin'K tli<- rxrit«'m«'iit amoii^; piib- 
 lisln-rh ari'i rcailcrs w a^ ho jri-rat "that 
 tli«' annah of I'aUjrnoster Kow liaril- 
 ly furriis'i any pariillt'l to It." 
 
 Macaulay r<Ml«'Ciiio.l lilBtory from tli«' 
 gra«|» of tin- iiu'i-ts aiinallHt on tiio oik- 
 liuntl ami from tli*- lliimr-liltc ailnla- 
 tlon of monariiliH on th<' otiior ; lu" 
 »'t fortli In cimcnat' form tlio grrat 
 priiiLipiuN of lilx.Tty uml iti J'I the; 
 tliroiu'H of monarrliH l)y tlic Kpiemliil 
 iMinviiiriiiji- po'.vcsr of iiis logii- ami rii«'- 
 torir romblru'd. That he waH a ke.ii 
 •artisan cniiiiot iK-rimpN Ik- ilenle I; 
 tli«' fli'Ht n'forni |)ar- 
 Is not Hnri'i'lsing, but 
 grai'ofnl syle, a in I 
 sploniil ! iiM'tho liziiin fac-nlty niaile iiini 
 u niitjlit^ pow<'r in niuiililinn tho 
 thought o*^ tin- earlier \l torian ug«'. 
 Jn tin- year of (.iueeii Vi toria's ai - 
 (•(•asiiiii Tliomns Carlylo, in th<; fir-t 
 book tiiat ]ior4! iiis name, piiblltjliel 
 "Th«- i'n ficli Kevoliitinii, a History.' 
 licfon' tlii^i ln" liail written brilliant 
 esaays, liail witii marvellous yra.sii 
 masteroil tlie [irobleiii of (ierman i)hil- 
 oBoi)hy anil cvea given to tlu" woiM 
 Ills grot<'H(ine work "Sartor Kcsartus." 
 hut tiie si)leniliil pnjs«' epic or the 
 French lievoiutioii awake;ie I tin' 
 tiioiight that a Ki'<'at literary 
 t<'afhei hail risen to pi 'tiire th' wl il 
 flanu of democracy but with mixed 
 temlorness ami sarcO/Sm to mo !orati' 
 tlw fi<'rfenesM of tiie Chartists ami tli<' 
 dreaiuh of tiic revolutionists. Ho waH 
 the aiiostie of forre— the admirer of 
 the strong in iiitellei-t and morals. 
 His iiirtiin- of Oliver Cromwell, pie.'-- 
 ented with sn;di fi wealth of researrli, 
 and completeness of ti-eatnient has 
 absolut<ily nners-ed the opinion of the 
 poet (Jray and of his times )f tlie 
 lieroin soul wliom the.v sought to 
 charge with wading "through slaugh- 
 ter t<i a tlirone." 
 
 His denuiielation of wrong Jind the 
 fierj' zeal about it Ijelouging to, the 
 old Hebrew prophet. Lord Jeffrey 
 spoke of his "dreadful earnestness." 
 and no doubt this is tlie secret of Ills 
 mastery over Ids readers. 
 
 that lie sat In 
 lianu'iit of IKIJ 
 his knowledge, 
 
 Ills 8tji« we iilt;eli' aw ' barl'Or<MM,' 
 "rude," "illimitable," Indeed It Una 
 b O.I i-aijeil a new illa ect ' CaflyO ■ ■,' 
 but yet hlu iiu'ultatloii o.' duty uh 
 maiiH tide' emi, an I of w oik us his 
 fiiHt gnat duty, have undoulile lly 
 rouH«ii: and Influeined th*- agf. Ver« 
 aclty and the hatit-l of uluim an- tils 
 roiiHtant wfttchwordH, though his 
 remedies are i»fteii inad«'HiiaU! and 
 even InipottHiblo. lie is intell^ely fond 
 of parado.\, and to some mimlH this In 
 his charm. The state iio.it made of 
 him Is probably true, that im miMlGrn 
 Dnglis'i « rlt^-r' has more 'powerfully 
 affrcti'd tli<» I'olor of im'n's tlioiights 
 or the character uf the lit«n'uture of 
 IdH time.' 
 
 KlXICilO 8 TKAL'HINO. 
 
 If the moral Influence willed by Ma- 
 caulay ami Carlyl ' was great, nioro 
 powerful still, in the iM-giniiin.; of 
 (,!ucen \ Ictorla'.s reign, were the re- 
 lij;l lus forccH at work, w ho ,o re-ults 
 are M<>t;n at the pro.iciit time. The 
 piTiinl ,wiiH one oi iinr«'st. T.m' ciitl- 
 lisiu o cisol^j as II er<' H.> inl>ils of 
 the pa^t was strong, and men were 
 dispiisfd to in(piirt> after lli.' reuilty 
 of things. The lilKjrty thu.-. to in- 
 ipiire was fully uH.sort4'<|, and great 
 /'cstixeness wu*< shown at any attempt 
 to shut off full investi/'atioii and dis- 
 cuscioii. The re.ictlon ug.'iiiiHt what 
 w.i^ callcil eccl siiistlcil tyrjiiiny was 
 iiio.st decided. 
 
 This sidfit showed itself .-^troiij^ly In 
 the bosom of the Church of llnglaml. 
 T.) the soeoiil ye.ir of the young 
 <pie<n"s reign I-. g«'ncr;illy jittributod 
 the forni.il lMv,innliig of the ;reat Ox- 
 foid nioveii;ent. It was b irne 
 in upon nu'ii like the gentle 
 K<'ble th.'it the clnindi was 
 
 lagginu: lK.'!ilnd in her great mis- 
 sion. Heforo till". tiiiK,' the ".-iwect and 
 s.iintl.v Keble" had pro.K hed .1 nota- 
 ble sermon In the Oxforil university 
 piiljiit, In which he dcilel th • church 
 to b(> the mere creature of the state. 
 !i,nd a-sertod tli<> d ilm of the church 
 to a lieavonly origin and .i diviuo pre- 
 rogative. .\mong the anU'iit spirits 
 who spoke witli th«* same voice as 
 Kel>l«< wen> the brother of the histo- 
 rian Froude, the afterward dl■^tinguisil- 
 ed Di'. I'u ey, and im at remarkablo of 
 all, John Henry Newman. Tli<> "Tractti 
 for tlie Timo8." publishenl under the di- 
 rection of Keble and -Newman, pro- 
 «'.uced a great effect in Kngl.ind. With 
 their theology wo have nothing ti)<l(» 
 at prefiont. They represented u spirit 
 winch was summed up in the state- 
 menr. that "there wa-; me I for a. 
 second reformation.'' The re.-iults of 
 this movement have been so fur as can 
 b:> seen, a marvellou.s Increase in the 
 activity and zeal of the Church of Eng- 
 land, and especially the assertion of 
 
f ! 
 
 tiKf (loctrlno of spiritual iruU'ii.'tuloiico. 
 
 Clt KCII LIBKKTV. 
 
 Not IcsK iein;irkat>lo \v;is ;i. 'II cua- 
 bioii proccotlliii; nt tiM' liojiiimlng of 
 tin.' r«'i4;ti wllliiii tli«> C'liiircli of Scot- 
 lariil. Tlic splilt wlilcli aiiiiiiiitod Ke- 
 blo ami I'usey to aHH<'rt liberty for 
 tlioir clmn-ti to piirsuo iin- 
 trarnniflloil lier divine mis- 
 
 sion, stirred up '"halmerH anil 
 t'andlisli to demand for tlio Scotti.-di 
 cliuroii frt'tvlom from si;it4' control In 
 matters eKbcntiallv .-plrituiil. Tli«» 
 Htrug;t;lo was a notal)lo one, and 
 wlietlior wo apren or not witii tlie ac- 
 tion taken l>y tiio dissatisfied r)arty 
 of fiv(f iiundrod ndnist^M-s in trieir dis- 
 ruptirif? ill ISi.'J of tlie ajicient cliurrli, 
 we can all, with Cilatlstono, uidt<^ in 
 sayinK tint it was oab> of tlio most 
 sublime passages of liiatory. 
 
 Tiiat men woi-e wiliing to g,ive up, 
 for foiisi'ieni'o' sake, clmrelies, mause-, 
 glelH>s and salari<;.s, .'iiid face tlie '.nicer- 
 tainties of a colil world, drew out tlie 
 lUdniii'atinu of even many of tlieir op- 
 ponents. A gener.'ition ait«'r tl Is 1 e- 
 roic action, tlie results of their s<'if- 
 Kacri'ice were s en in tie aU^ltion of 
 tiie obnoxious restriction, and tiie 
 (Jliurcii of Scotland, liavinj;' rej>,aiiied 
 lier anfient iil>ertie.s, now exercises the 
 rif;lit of choosing- lier cierji-y according 
 to the fr(M' vote of the pe(>ple. 
 
 CHRISTIAN REALISM. 
 
 The critical spirit tiius aroused in 
 tiie twc great idiurciies of the motlier 
 land, whil<' atteiuleil witli some dan- 
 gers, worked in favor of a demand for 
 i-eality h: sprititua! tilings. Tlie ol-p 
 jects and ends of the church wei-e dis- 
 cussed, creeds were regarded as mat- 
 tr - ofKin to examination, portions of 
 
 .. o'conoHiy ol llie cliurclus, wliich 
 \u,'\ lasted for hundreds of years were 
 ired into and tlieir value (piestion- 
 C' ami out of it all with no doubt 
 g e losses to religiDU lias come .-i dit-v 
 1 tion to follow the injunction 
 "\ ;ve all things, hold fast, (and we 
 may interject, 'only,'.* that which is 
 good." 
 
 IIYMNOLOGY. 
 
 Out of the practical spirit which has 
 thus beeti awakened and the desire to 
 adapt religious teaidiing.s to the wants 
 of the people has come the marvellous 
 Increase in the h.vmnology of churches. 
 
 A vast body of religious truth lias 
 during these sixty years lieen "laced 
 in musical numbers within reach of 
 the people. Theology has been sung 
 as mucih as it has been pieached. Tli? 
 
 choii-est tiiougiits of the Hil>leandof 
 Christiap ex| erience iiavc been \ersi- 
 fied jinii pi«'tizcd to an e-xtent hither- 
 erto uiikfKJwn, so that religious 
 tiiougiits and sentiments lia\e iK'come 
 comiiioa featuies of home life, as well 
 as the medium of expression f(/r the 
 jM'ople in tlie only i>art of the (diurch 
 service in wldch tlie.v take tlie chief 
 l»art. 
 
 CO-OPERATION. 
 
 The fading away of the bar- 
 riers of prejudice letwecn the 
 churches lias IxxiU a coiisciiuence of 
 the nicreas(Hl lilwrty demanded m the 
 church, of longing after reality in 
 church exercLst>s, and of the extension 
 of the great lio ly of church liymnol- 
 ogy. Any one has but to take <ine of 
 tiie books of praise of the churches to 
 lind in it, sid(; liy silo, sweet i-ongs 
 of Tojdad.v an<l the Wes!eys; of New- 
 man ami Richard liiixter; of old Ber- 
 nard of Clairvaux, and of Iloratius 
 Bonjir : oK John Newton .•in 1 .Mr.s. .V<!- 
 ams, the autliiu* of "Nearer My God 
 to Thee;'" of the swi et singer, Miss 
 Ilavergal, the (Quaker pix't Whittier. 
 tlie Aloravi.an Zinzendorf, and tlK-gr^at 
 relormer. Martin Lutliet. 
 
 Such extreiiK's of tlieoIo,i;;y ,ire iHiund 
 together by their natural r.- lu,ious 
 needs, and tlu'ir common sentiment im- 
 pels t! cm. 'in the felLiws i;) of kin- 
 dred minds," to coiul ineil work for tiie 
 good of humanity. The a:j;e is <vtie of 
 prjictieal effort, and more ;ind more 
 will every religious <>nterprise be 
 brought to the touchstone of reality 
 and truth. 
 
 THE DIAMOND JIBILEE. 
 
 The D]amon<I Jubilee year has been a 
 year for the gathering together of rc- 
 wiMfi. The pageant of the tweni.y- 
 wcoiid of June wa.s a worthy i>re - 
 entatioa of the variou.s elementw wl ic!i 
 lave made the reign of Quei n Victoria 
 d:,stiii!i,uisiied. Tic leaders of the 
 gieat educational forics were tiiiMe, 
 i;<.teLi (seicntiwts were honored gucists, 
 a>s re; relenting achievements of the 
 Victorian age, great literary men sang 
 pae;in,s of reiolcing and were presmt 
 to show their loyalty and devotion; 
 but IK/ part of it waK t^o great a.- when 
 the Jified and Iionoreil Sovereign, .'■ur- 
 rouiuleu l)y her political ,'ind military 
 chiefs, titopi)e<l in front of ,St. I'aul'.-, 
 Cathedra! .and led by her religious 
 guides iK^wed in reverence to Almighty 
 Go^l to kIiow tiitvt all her power was 
 acknowIcd4red as coming from tiie 
 King of Kings, ami that lier Era:ii.-e 
 is fcunded on the jirincijilevs of intel- 
 ligence, righteousnew-, aiul truth. 
 
 I 
 ■I 
 
 I 
 
Publications of Prof. Bryce, LL.D. 
 
 MANITOBA COLLEGE, WINNIPEG. 
 
 Also Author of Articles " Manitoba " and "Winnipeg;" in I-jirvclopedia 
 Britannica, and of "Canada," in "Narrative and Critical 
 History of America." 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 10. 
 
 1 1, 
 r . 
 
 14. 
 
 13- 
 16. 
 
 17- 
 iS. 
 19. 
 20. 
 Ji. 
 
 23- 
 
 24. 
 
 25- 
 
 26. 
 
 27 
 
 2S. 
 
 29 
 .\0. 
 i'- 
 
 .1 
 
 NAMlv I'lni.isiiicRS. 
 
 M\NiioiiA : Infaiicv, (irowlli rind I'reseiit Condition. .Sampson Low ,V Co., London svo. 
 
 ( 'I'lie Standard \Vork on Manitoba Hi.story). 
 A Slioit Histoiv oftlie Canaili.in I'fople Sampson Low \ Co., I.omlon .. Svo. 
 
 (The l)fst short history of Canada published). 
 
 I-ive Korts of Winnipeg Royal Society of Canada <to. 
 
 riea for a Canadian Camden Society " '• 4to. 
 
 Noted Journeys in Rupert's Land " " 410. 
 
 History of ICducalion in Manitoba British Association Svo 
 
 The Winnipeg Cotintry Manitoba Historical Society 
 
 The Mound Hitildcrs, Illustrated ( scarce 1 " '• 
 
 Memorial of .\. K. Isbister, LI,. B 
 
 The Souri- Country— Mounds and Mountains " " 
 
 Sketch of Joliu Tanner. Manitoba Scout '' " 
 
 The Old Settlers ol Red River •' " 
 
 Notes on Harmon's Journal " " 
 
 The Celt in the Northwest Montreal Celtic Society. 
 
 Holiday Randiles between Winnipeg and Victoria. . Manitoba Free Press 
 
 Two Provisional tioverntuents in Manitoba Manitoba Historical Society 
 
 I'he I'irst Recorder of Rupert's Land — Judge Thorn. " ' 
 
 A Modern University Manitoba College Literary Society. 
 
 Surface (leology of Red River, etc !. .Manitoba Hi.storical Society 
 
 l^arly Reminiscences of Manitoba College Manitoba College Literary Society 
 
 Older Ceology of Red River, etc Manitoba Historical Society 
 
 The Assiniboine and Its l''ort» Royal Society of Canada 4to. 
 
 Our Indians 
 
 A New Nation Manitoba College Literary Society 
 
 B'arly Reminiscences of Winnipeg Manitoba Historical Society 
 
 Pressing Kdncational Problems Manitoba College Literary Society 
 
 Problems of Creater Canada 
 
 Our Canadian Prairies ( Kdlted) C. H. Robinson, I'oronto 
 
 Prairie Agriculture (L;dited) Con.solidated Stationery Co , Wpg. 
 
 Worthies of Old Red River Manitol)a Historical Society 
 
 C.reat Britain as Seen by Canadian I;yes Manitoba College Literary Society 
 
 Lake of the Woods -Hi.story, Geology, Mining and 
 
 Manufactures ' Manitoba Historical Society 
 
 Iviucational Thoughts for the Diamond Jubilee Year . . Manitoba College Literary Society.