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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent §tre filmte d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 ^ #. ; • 6 ORAl'ION BY PROFj:.^ At the Eneenia of the University of ^ May it Please your Honor :—Genxlk- j(EU . Five years have elapsed since U was last ro? privilege and mjr duly to address you m this olace, and to deliver that Annual Ora- tion in praise of the Founders and Benefactors of this University, which the Statutes require from each Professor in his turn.as a perpe- tual acknowledgment of the debt of gratitude which thia Province owes to their patriotic deaire to elevate the intellectual, and conse- quently the moral, status of its sons. On that occasion I lamented that the even tenor of Collegiate l""e afforded so few salient poinU upon which to dilate in an address of this nature— that each recurring anniversary of our Eocffinial Festival (now that our great battles have been fought and won.) brought with It the inevitable task to be performed, but supplied no fresh material to facilitate its performances, and enable the Orator to say anything new on so thoroughly well ventilated a subject as Education— anything indeed which might prove Interesting to such an audience as annually honors these Halls by ita presence. But to-day, Alas ! a tedious task has become a painful one, and were it true that "out of the full heart the mouth speaketh," I should lack no flow of words in which to express the deep sorrow which I experience in thus pub- licly referring to the death of our dear Col league, Professor Campbell. In him this Uni- versity, this Province, his suflffired an almost irreparable loss, for, to the deep, accurate and extensive acquirements oi the scholar, bo united the experience of nearly ten years in the lecture room, and whatever may be the the talents of his suoceasor, I do not hesitate to say that it will be impossible for him to dia- rh*rge the duties of the Classical Chair in lhit> O^.versity as admirably as they were dis- charged by Professor Campbell, until to ac- qutreowcts such as he possessed, he can add Ihf experience which he had acquired. This is , our estimate ot him as a Professor. As a Colleague we ull loved him — is h in hi. a friend, a companioi., we all lament Ins lou oariy death. Moat of those now present knew him in \m private capacity, and will pieasurably recull the genial bright-hearttdneiis wicch made hmi always welcome in all circles, and society at large will miss the frank, honest, English geii- tlemai) who coniributed so amply tu its enjoy- ments. I Cbunol therefore doubt that the feelings of those 1 am addressing will induce them to think that I have not improperly availed mvself of this occasion to record a loving tribute of respect to the memory of -ine who so well deserved it Requiscal in Pace. " Pallida m%r» aquopuUat pede Pauperutn tahernas Jbjgwmfus Turre$. rita summa brevis, spent noa vttat xndioart longam.^' But to my task. It wil I not, 1 1 liink, be amiss to ortroise the remarks lam about to make, by • geatral view of the subject of Education and of Oollegiattt education in particular, from which we OMy more readily glean what ere the dutif's of a Colonial University, how tar our own has aatiafied these requireiaenis, and finally, what have been the fruits of ita labors. There waa a time, and that a period not so Ut reoBOte aa to be out of the reach of the ■M«ory oftbe oldest inhabitant of every town, viUaf* and home, read ofin the Mother Country, though n TstJu^ 10FE:S80R D'AVRAY, *sity of New Brunswick, June, 1871. Dtl ve by it equality ral coii- valion of not all ence wua and un- Ciasaical me when " Cox- ;" when akin to n modern good old parting ol' !d to the lis was in 5 the word ern OauKs ga as the the lower ners to be which we in the old !. There »r Univcr- theni, but )gy or any I the ether H has been if science, 8 been, not of the de- ipon every ivclopmcnl lit (he con- mt when it each study t the junie low. This and one ic wisdom. eology. It he eyes of Ithuugh all ileuta com- uucouiited ft expected number of ly, that we onues, that born, edu- y with any f the same k precisely or evil, (an landled by herctts wo B ourselves lach other's ly told t!int 11'. These ill evidence iiliiy of all tlue of dit- ny, it is at isb Iliitory )unt! in the hn Romans language, a bastard Monks, to like* now- lighout the the whole rarely frequented, and the whole of the material progress is more with private tutors or " coaches." Again, our curriculum 19 far more ampin and calculated to meet the exigencies of our students in their future career. Studies li.nily conlp^'lated by some Universiiins, or m iiidsI rele^ja'.ed to a very humble position i.k (he list, in our scheme find their proper rnuk and level, and arc not slighted for the fact that they arc of convenient use in the business ot life, fur which, our fundamental principle is, the College should give the all in all eufllcient training'. Thirdly, our Hoard of Discipline claims the considera- tion of parents, for we thereby sho^v that wu recognize that discipline as well as the incul- cation of sound molality,** are as much our special province as the iinpartinif of book knowledge, being indispensable adjuncts to a right training ot the mind and of the thinking power. I shall now buy a few wonf.s upon the com- parative usesp^nd ndvantagus of the several studies presented to the choice of the Aca- demical Tyro. By a diligent study of iho ancient classics we first of all learn two of the finest languages that have buun spoken since the confusion of tongues, one of which, the Greek, is the perfect language pur excellence — the model language, and both of which f>iriii the 1)1813 of no inconsiderable porlion of our own. By the acquisition of tliL- languages ihemst-'ives and by llicir facile and elegant manipul.iiioii wlielher in prose or verse we gain a perl'oct iiis^ighl into, and a knowlrdge of, the history, iheolngy, mminerd, arts, jjovernineiit and inoughts of two of the greatest nations that liave ever existed. Who can ri>{htly read and undersiaud the story of the tUa and fall of Rome, so long '■ the Miotress of the World" as ^old by her own historians, without seeing in it the key to all uiudera history and politics, without having his imagination stirred, and his best feelings aroused, by the wondrous tale, without feeling that the long historic past la a living reality, pregnant with meaning and deepest signification to ourselves? Again, by the study of Oteek models we find wherein consist the excellencies of the nubk arts of Iho Orator, the Sculptor, t"9 Painter, the Historian, the Dramitist, the Actor, the I'liilosopher and the Poet, and cannot withhold our meed of admiration from a nation to whom the world owes all that is refining and elevated, all that distinguished man from the brutes with the one exception of religion. Now turn we to mathematics. What does the World owe to them and what doeb niontul education owe to (hem? Without mulhemntics all science would be impossible. Astronomy as anything more than a zetetic enquiry could not have existed, we should know nobghl of the shape and constitution of this our earth, or of its plucu in the solar system ; the Uopernican theories would never have been brought to ligh', the sublime discoveries of Newton would not have been engendered, or it engendered could not have been systomutizeJ' The grand works of engineering, raining, fortificotion, manufactures, navigation, and last though not least, the applications and economy of steam power, magntitisin uud electricity, all owe ihcir adaptalions lo the uses of humnn life, to the science of mathematics. Its influence on the training of the human mind is still greater, though not 80 palpable. Mai hematics supply but one modern language he will naturally select the French language, one which will open up to him the resources of another world. A knowledge of living languages, says Bollio, serves as an introduction to all the aciencM. By Its means we arrive almost withoat difficulty, at the pcrccptiopeakinff it. it is the language of Princes, of their Ambas* sadors, of the great of all men ihroughoat Murope whose education has been cultivated with care. 1 must iicucssarily uinit many other studies such 03 liOgic, — Rhetoric and Natural Science — the lust of ittelf being so important, that it would be impossible even to enumerate the advantages which its study affords to thuatu- dent in a paper of this nature. I have, however, said enough to show that through the liberality of the Founders, wc are enabled to offer to the youth of to-day, a vast choice in their Aet> duuiical pursuits. Of our Founders and Bene- factors we may say that the dictum has been reversed and thai " the good they did lives after them." In conclusion, I wish to say a few words to those students who having completed their educational course within these walls, are this diy to receive the reward of their labors, to- gether with their " Exeat," to commence tbe battle of life. One thing I believe all of them hnvu learned and will be disposed to remember, namely — that they arc not such very talented fellows as they imagined themselves lo be when tbree years ago they presented themselves for matriculation ; that three years pretty hard work has after all only enabled them to roal'^ up for past deficiencies, and that now that thev are coming up to take their Degrees with all the honor duet') deserving aiadeiUs, ihty stUl are students as they then were, but students professing better tools and a better knowledge how to use them. I know them well, and I esteem them too much not to feel satisfied that they arc convinced of no one thing more than of this : That the more knowledge a man acquires the more certain he feels of hi< Ignorance. In this Province, unhappily, the early education of youth is neglected. Tescher« assure parents of tbe wonderful talents of their sou.s, and arc readily believed by them, and no less readily by lh<% boys. No foundation is laid} the groundwork is utterly neglected, and a lad who does not know his deolensiont or his verbs, and will) is utterly ignorant ol every giam^ matical rule, crams just ei;c ugh Homer, Horaa* and Virgil to enable hiu <,o matrlbulate, fn • formight he has dige«ted all he knows, and to .di^jitus^J^h'^'rofeHsor, and to his own wt may more readily gleffl what ar^Be duti^'» of a Colonial University, how tar our own has •atiaied these requireiuents, and finally, what b«T« been the fruils of its labors. There was a time, and that a period not ho far remote aa to be out of the reach of the memory of the oldest inhabitant of every town, village and home, read of in the Mother Country, irb«n the value of education wis strongly con- (eeted and even denied, ffe have lived to see the day when it is no longer necessary to pre- face • diacourse on Education by a proof of its value. This is happily no longer challenged, for the only differences of opinion that now •xiet, are concerning the means of spreading its beneficent influences more agreeably and over a larger area, and of the comparative value of at flrat eight conflicting educational schemes. Moeh aitention has of late yearn been directed in Eogiaod to the Public School and University ■ystemt, and although the working of each oiaaaged about the first quarter of this century, to attain ita culminating points of mismanage- ment, and of reciprocal perfection in the art of unparling the least amount of knowledge in the longest lime, and at the greatest possible ex- pellee, nevertheless public opinion in thbt country has unanimously and emphatically ^adonsd Talleyrand's dictum, that ■* the Eng- jieh Public School system is the bett in the vovid, and that it ia detestable." Much light wtut thrown upon the subject by the labors of the Public School Commission appointed by Parliament to investigate the true aiate ot the matter, the publication of whose avidenee immediately effected In anticipatiDn a large inatalment of reform in the leading behoola^of Harrow and Eton. Already fagging ia becoming a legend of the past ; flogging is laaa faahionable, and the appropriation by the aathoritiea of sundry *' perquisites " from the boja, ie beginning to excite popular attention Tha idea that Greek and Latin verification are Uie only ends of any s/stem of education, and omny other opinions hiti-erlo held by inheritance and tradition, are gradually being exploded as fallacious, unsuited to the requirements of the age we live in. In the Universitieti great im- provamenta have also been introduced, putting oo one aide great advances in the better ad- ministration of the courts of discipline, and of domeatie arrangements for the greater comfort of theatudents. Studies have been introduced more comp ible with the exigencief, not only of the every day life of such students, (the great majority,) who are destined for actual employ- mant in the liberal professions, but a knowledge which the tone of educitcd society now de- mande of every gentleman claiming to rank aowng the intellectual classea ot his compeers. The area of the field of intellectual labor is tbua greatly extended, and yet the soil is ex- pected to be aa fertile, to be dug aa deep, to be aa prolific in its crops as heretofore. The HMdern student must therefore gird his toina to tba work, or he will be left in the rear of bis •ga, for of him is expected at least treble as maeh aa of bis forr>fathers. The educational olmia M in process o.' completion ; miasing links an gradually being supplied and fitted into tbair right places, and the perfect harmony, msiual dependence, correlative value, and exact itlatioBahip of each link, to all and every of its MtoiM» ia rapidly but no less surely being aalabtiilnd. And there is one point woithy of WDark aa illuatrating the uniformitv and quality «f iba satora of all human knowledge of things arwrtad, wbather they be mantal or material, f, tUl M the U(^ «f fu koowltdfo To return to the camparativu value uf dif- ferent srudies, if there be iti /act any, it lo at once patent to every student of Engliali liir,tory why the Classics hold such high grountJ in th'u University Curriculum. Although tlin Romans loft no appreciable impress upon uur Innguugi', and ilie Normans introduced only a bufotard Latin into legal proceedings, yet the Monks, to whom England owes more than she likes now- adays to acknowledge in full, throughout the dark and middle ague, throughout the whole f»eriod of chivalry, were the sole repositories uf earning, and both in their privatu studies and in their public worship, and in all sacraments, used exclusively the Latin tongue. This they taught i.i their schools, and great men, com- pelled by political motives or by any of the thousand and one causes which arudo in the stormy days of the middle ages to seok Keclusion in the Monasteries, then the only " Cities ot Refuge" in England, eagerly imbibed the taste lor Classicol scholarship evinced by their learned hostt', only to disseminate it broad-cast when circimistancps permitted iheir return to the arena of actual life. We all remember the hard bittle mathiuatics, regarded Ha a modern in' ruder, had to fight lo hold its own with the classics, but they won their position, and it ia carious to observe in these our days, how completely the two older Uuiversities have lost their prestige for what was accounted the specialite of each. Every year does Oxford turn out remarkable Mathe- maticians only to be rivalled by the sonndnes'i of the Classical scholurship displayed by the Cambridge men. And now how shall we apply the foregoing to OLr own case ? We are met here to-day to listen to, and to celebrate the praiaea of the founders of our Alma Mater. What is the moetest offering with which we may propitiate their manes ? Surely the simple record of the progress of the University, of the good she hqs already effected, and of the bright promise of the future that shall be commenstruaio with the good fortune of the Province, is the fairei^t sacrificial otTering that we can make. The importance of an University in a young Colony cannot be over estimated, it is the living, loving tie which connects iitj intellect with that of th? Mother Country and with the rest of the educated world. It is the source from which wo must derive our future stales- men, Uenerals, Politicians, Lawyers, Divines, Doctors, Engineers, in fact alt and everv great man that shall henceforth make tl .s our cherished land of adoption, famous and res- pec'ed in the rank of nations. To us the Mother Country looks for moulding and adaptation of the whole intellect of the Province for the instilling and nourishing of a healthy gpirit alike of loyalty and independence, to u^ is entrusted, practically, the prosperity of the land, for we have the forming of the men on whose virtuc6 depend both good local and gene- ral government, and progress of every kind and degree. It is the peculiarity of uur Alma Mater that we really unite all the advantages of the older UoiversiiioB while discardinc; their many drawbacks, and at the same time have fairly and liberally met all the rec^uirements of the advanced opinions on education of the ugc we live in. Here are offered the excellencies of the College lecture aystein combiued with a more didactic style which admits of greater personal interest being taken by the Professors 10 the progress and difBoultiea of individual •tudaatc. At older Uoivaraitiaa laotutac are ligh', the b'ubluiic not have been ei could not havu be wDiks of tingine manufactiirca, uav least, the applicu power, magnutidiii udiplutions to ili science of inathci training of the I though not t>o pa food for the grea being, pure rcasoi pure mathomutici iniilerial for, and pure, but that we uncontrndiclory n Infinity, which su of every branch Arithmetic, Qeon metry. The mini is introduced to process of theori: and analytical, ii ences, to seize hoi ate matter foreign yo that, rightly thtt the combina mutical studies c effect the results Animus" — the wi is no', enough fo deed the solid b but ill itself it i^ superstructure, come llic studies Surely the most mind con devote is its own nature connection with essence of mattei mind on matter i constitutioa and 1 together the stui Pope declares, la The field alike t reason is boundii infinite. The H mentary to cliris the practical brai may, and it has, a the Religion ot ( not be applied, every citizen, on which It I.-) the p point out, wholly belief whatever, il his practice mori tian Faith, render its performance t: The literatuic try naturally clu hands of every stu thul the history o portant or so int English Literalui parison, we cannc ot the valuable tit from their study, further practical that it is utterly i hold hid own in oi the noblo deeds i mighty struggles liament, before tl lives and moves British Constituli* established. If be can mToi 4ro valuo of (lit- any, it 18 al glmli History round in thti tlin Romans ur Innguuge, ly a bustard lie Monks, to e likes now- roiighout the t the wliole ^positories uf ! studies and sacramenlR, . This they t men, com- any of the arudo in the 3cU. seclusion I " Cities ot bed the taste id by their it broad-cast eir return to I mathnialics, id to fight !o ul they won observe in he two older '.ge for what lach. Every lable Matbe- lie soundnes'j lisplayed by he foregoing ere to-day to raises of the ifVhat is the ay propitiate record of the good she hns ht proiniso of uatc with the 1 the fairest ke. y in a young L It is (ho I Its intellect and with the a the source future stales- era, Divines, 1 everv great ke tl iS cur lus and res- To us the luiding and the Proviuce of a healthy idencp, to ua perity of the f the men on cal andgene- rery kind and a Mater that I of the older their many 3 have fairly luents of the if the age we Ecellencies of lined with a a of greater lie Protessora }f individual IsoturM ate ligh', the bublmie discoverius of Ncwtoii would not have been engendered, or it I'ngondercd could not haw been sytitcmutized' The grand workij of engineering, raining, lortiiicution, inanufacturca, navigation, and InNt tliougii not least, the appliculions and economy of alonin power, magnetism and olcclricity, all owe their adaptations to iho uses of huinnu life, to the science of mathematics, its influence on the training of the human mind is slill greater, though not bo palpable. Malhomutics supply food for the great craving of the intelligent being, pure reasoning, and il is in tliu otudy oi pure roatheinatics that wc not only obtain mnlerial for, and niethoda of, roisoniiig strictly pure, but that we gain our lirst and absolutely uncontradictory nrguuieiUs on the nature of Infinity, which suggests itself on the threshold of every branch ot the Science whether il be Arithmetic, Geometry, Algebra or Trigonn- metry. The mind of the student ij relincd, he is introduced to the fascinatingly attractive process of theorizing, he becomes synthetical 'and analytical, is able to distingniah differ- ences, to seize hold of leading points, to elimin- ate matter foreign lo'.the subject of discussion. Ho that, rightly have all authorities agreed, lint the combination of Classical and Mathe- matical studies co/nplement each other and effect the resultant of the Roman '* G<]quus Animns" — the well balanced mind. Hu* 'his is no; enough for our Collegian. This i-i in- deed the solid basis whereon he may build, but in itself it is nought without a handsonio superstructure. i^'oremost amongst others come the studies of Metaphysics md Ethics. Surely the most interesting subject that the mind cun devote itself to the consiJcralion of, is its own nature and workings, it* mys'erious connection with the body, the nature and essence of matter and the reciprocal action of mind on inalter and of matter on mind. The constitution and laws of mind and matter form together the study of man hiinseU, which as Pope declares, is the noblest study of mankind. The field alike tor the imagination and '.he reason is boundiesb, for the subject itself is iofioite. The Science of Ethics is compli- mentary to Christianity, morality is a branch, the practical branch, of revealed rDligion. Ii. may, and il has, and it does now, e.'iisl without the Religion of Chr.st, as theory may or mny not be applied. Morality is incumbent on every citizen, on every mortal, and on grounds which It H the peculiar province cf Ethics to point out, wholly distinct from any religious belief whatever, though ho who breathes into his his praclioMi morality vivifying epii-it of Chris- tian Faith, renders u duly divine, und blesses its performance to himself. The literature and history of our own coun- try naturally claims some attention at the hands of every student, and when wti remember thai the history of no country has been so im- portant or so intensely interesting, and that English Literature as a whole, can defy com- parison, wc cannot gracefully withold a portion ot the valuable time devoted to graver pursuits, from their study, especially as this study had a further practical recommendation in the fact that it is utterly impossible for a gentleman to hold hid own in ony society, who is ignorant of the noblo deeds of his ancestors, and of tiio mighty struggles both in the field and in Par- liament, before that noble fabric by which he lives and moves and has his civic being — " the British Constitution"- waspcrfected and firmly established. \ If be cftD wPTord tims fot the acquisuioo of Ignorance. In this Province, unh^iipily, the early education uf youth is neglected, Teaobsr* assure parents of the wonderful talents of their sous, and arc readily believed by them, and no less readily by the boys. No foundation is laid: the groundwork is utterly neglected, and a laa who doijs not know his deolensionfc or his verbs, and who is utterly ignorant ot every gram. muticul rule, crams just ei;ougl) Homer, Horaae and Virgil to enable him to matrftulate, \a a fortnight ho has digested all he knows, and to the disgust of the Professor, and to his own mortiticii.ion, he finds that he is more like a plucked crow than a lull fledged phoenix and both have to begin de novo; the Professor to toacli the elements, (he student to learn them. Many u student has felt that had he his time to go over again, he would pursue a very diSlient cott'sc, ho would not enter College so utterly unprepared, and ho would hope to leave it better qualified than under present circumstances he ctin possibly bo, to do honor to the University. Ot the extreme valuo and imperative Qeces* sity of good grounding, no better proof can h$ adduced'ihaii is afl'orded by what baa beer, doifs in the University since the decease of Profefc$07 Campbell. It was at that time foi^nd Ip b* impossiblo to supply his place cyen temporarily, outside of its walls. Qur respected President had, luckily for the students, in early life re? ceived that requisite amount of groun4inf i?} Classical knowledge which now ^tood hi(p ill .such stead. Although he has for very vn^ny years devolcd t^imneli' to abstruser studies) although Ids time was fully occupied by the duties which devolved upon him as President and as I'rofcssor, he gallantly came to the resci^e at the ] 1th. hour, and ho has now fur some months made time to read up his suinewb^ neglected but never forguttcn Greek and Latin, and to conduct the Senior Class lliroueh the intricacies of Sophocles and ThucydiJes, of Cicero and Juvenul. Could lie have doi)e this had ho not been iboroughly grounded ? As it is, the University docs its best, and in spite of difliculties such as I have mentioned, and of the briefnnss of the period during which the students arc under its care, it has reason to be proud of the success which has hitherto attended its cti'orls. 1 mean of the success which has attended so many of its Alumni in their various pursuits in life, and which probably would not huvo attended them, had they nb( been educated here. As I said before, we prQr vide the tools and teach the students how to use them, bm we do not profess to turn oi^t perfect scholars ; men qualified at once to step into the professor's chair and discharge the onerous duties appcrlaiuing to it. We do not, I sny, profess to do this, simply becauae it is impossible, and this is a fact the truth of which every sanely judging man, every one cotppetent to judge, will at once acknowledge. To you who are about to take your Degrees I suy : Let the seed which has been sown bear forth good fruit in due season, so as to shew to the world that having received much, you are ready to repay all thai can be expected of you, and in future days wherever you may be, bow> ever prosperous you may become, ever bear IQ mind with gratitude and affection the Almi Mater vthenco you drc« your first inspiratione from the pure springs of knowledge. To all I say, " work.'' Work for the present and for the future, work for a name, work for a com- petence, work for others, work for the commea weal and for the good of the Province. So ^tll the fruits of your labor bless the laod, lod rt? fleet credit on the University. '*■ i^uma