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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included \r\ one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fllmte A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul ciichA, 11 est filmA d partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche h droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaiire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 STEAMSHIP "ENGLAND; [TO MR. SECRETAilY CARDWELL.] (No. 28.) Halifax, \2th April, 1866. Sir, — I have the honor to report for your information the arrival in this port of the emigrant steamer "England," E. M. Grace, master, from Liverpool, Great Britain, via Cork, bound for New York, U. S. This vessel left Cork with 1260 passengers and a crew of 100 men, and it appears that not many days after her departure several cases of Cholera broke out among the passengers', and at last she was compelled to put into this port on account of the violence with which the epidemic wa3 raging, and which ren- dered it doubtful whether the Captain, whose Engineers had been attacked, Avould be able to navigate her successfully to New York. As far as I have been able to ascertain, over 150 deaths have occurred on board this steamer from this disease, and no less than 56 since her arrival in this port. She is now lying at anchor in the quarantine ground, and such assistance as can bo rendered to her unfortunate inmates is being williingly supplied by the local authorities. !Many of the passengers have been transferred to the receiving ship "Pyramus," anil the rest landed on Meagher's Beach, McNab's Island, where accommodation has been provided for them. I have also the honor to enclose the printed regulations which have been published, and I need scarcely add that the importance of the subject is so great and so nearly affects the welfare of the entire population of this city, that the strictest precautionary measures will be most rigidly enforced to prevent the spread of the disease among our own population. I however consider it my duty to call the attention of the Imperial authorities to the circumstances connected with the emigrant steamer "England," and although|Imperial Statutes may have been complied with, there can be no doubt that the crowded state of the vessel and the necessarily confined and impure atmosphere in which so many human beings were compelled to live, was the primary cause of the breaking out of the epidemic, and I would very respect- fully beg to suggest that it hardly appears safe or wise to allow such numbers to be crowded into one vessel as to re(]uire them to be packed or huddled together deck upon deck, so that the faintest atmosphere breathed by those below must of necessity affect those above. It may be that the mathematical proportion of cubic feet of space for each individual has been in this case allowed ; but without ports of sufficient size as in ships of war, or means of ventilation of and kind, and when battened down, as was necessarily the case in bad weather, such allowance of space is not to be considered the criterion by which during the voyage the health of the passengers can be secured, and no better example of the truth of these remarks can be adduced than the one which I now have the honor of reporting. I have, &c., (Signed) W. F. WILLIAMS. Right Honorable Edward Cardwell. stea:msiiip - England.*" f[T() y\V. SECRETARY CARDWFLL.l (com.) HalifaA; N. S., 2m April, 18GG. (No. .31.) Sir,— Witli vofcroncc to my Dcspatcli, No. 28, of tlio ll'th in.st., roji-anliiii;' the arrival in tliis port of tlie'steaiiior " Hn^laiul" w-tli a largo luunbor of oiui.iivants on l)oaril ailocted with Cholera, 1 have now llio honor to inform you that on the 18th inst. the aljovo stoanicr loft thirf i)ort with the eonvalescent ])ortion of her crew and pas.scngors for New York, having boon previously thoroughly cleansed, fumigated, and rendered tit for their reception. It is gratifving to me to Ik- alile to state tliat the epidemic is now almo.st extinct, and tiiat the few remaining patients arc rapidly improving in health with but i'en- fresh cases among tliem. I have also much pleasure in bearing- testimony to the heroic conduct and indefatigable! (Miergy in tluir attendance to the wants and necessities of the suil'erers of Dr. .Slaytcr, the Health Otlicer of the ]M)rt, Dr. (Jarvie. and his brother, a medical student, the Rev. ^Ir. Isaac, ji lloman Catholic Priest, and three tSisters of Charity, who volunteered their service in the quarantine station. During the stay of the steamer in this port no Ics.s than two hundred deaths occurred from this fatal contagion, and it is with deej) regret that I have to record the death of Dr. Slayter who died on hoard the steamer from this disease while nobly performing his duty in endeavouring to alleviate the sutferings of otliers. As an acknowledgement of his services, which have deservedly won for him respect and esteem, as well as the regret of the whole community, the J.,egislatnre has unanimously voted the sum of cwo thousand dollars to liis bereavetl widow. While on .shore on !McNab"s Island, many of the male emigrants were the occasion of much troultle and dillicnlty, in seizing the food and tents of the women and children, and it became necessary to seiul a detachment of the 2nd Batt., 17th llogiment, to preserve order and keep the emigrants within fiuar- antine hounds. Several liad, however, previously esca]ied; and it is my intention to move the (lovernment to parjs an emuttmcnt making sucli oil'enders liable to all the penalties for felony. I hope, moreover, that in a short time liuts will be erected on McNah's Island, which will atl'ord a permanent lazaretto in case of u similar visitation. In the meantime I .would res]iectfrdly suggest that the Emigration Officers at Liverpool and Cork lie admonished to perform their duties thoroughly, and that every pos.sible precaution he taken to prevent a similar occurrence. I htwc, &c., (Signed) W. F. W1LL1A:MS. Right Honorable Edward Cardwell. (Nova Scotia, No. 23.) Sir, — Downhvj Street, 5th May, 18G0. I have the honor to acknowledge the recei]it of your Despatcth No. 28, of the 12th of April, reporting the arrival in the port of Ihilifa.v oftlie .steamer " England," with cholera on board. STIvAMSTT 1 1' " KXr; LAND." 3 I rofiMMrd your l)('sp!it<'li to tlio Mini^Tation Coiiunii^sioiiors, atul I cn.-loso, for yoiii* iiifonnatiou, a copy of their lleport, wliidi ap])enrs to sliow tliat no blanio in the niattor i.s imputablo to tlio owners of the ship, or to the Eniigra- tioii ollicors by whom she was cleared. I liave the honor to be, Sir, Your most obedient, llunible servant, (Signed) EDWARD CAllDWELL. Lieutenant-Governor Siu W. E. Williams, Ikrt., K. C. B., &c., &c., ro on board the ' England," with perfect safety and conifort. Ibit setting aside troop-shijis, the peculiar circum- stances of wliich give them advantages over emigrant ships, tin experience of former years will, I think, prove thfit at least on short voyages, such ns that to the American continent, an increase in the number carried does not, in ordinary circumstances, add to tho mortality. Witli this view, I annex two tables shewing, tho tirst tho sailing ships, the second the steamers, which have sailed in the years 1863 and 1864 (our returns for 18fio arc not complete), with more than 600 ])assenr.ers on board, with the mortality, so far as wo have been able to ascertain it, i-i each. It will be seen that during those years tho mortality even in sailing vessels was very small, and in steamers still smaller. From tho comparative sh(.rtness of the voyage in tho latter, the risk of sickness among the emigrants nust alwnvs of course bo proportionately less. 5. I believe that the j)resent is the iirst case of cholera on board a passenger ship from tho United Kingdom since the year 1854. It is possible that no more such cases may occur. But in anticipation of such cases, it is provided by the Passengers Act, 18*55, section 5}», that Her Majesty may, by Order in Council, prohibit emigration from any port, at any time when choleraic or other epidemic disease may be prevalent iii the United Kingdom ; or may reduce tho number of passengers to be carried in projwrtion to space, either throughout the United Kingdom or from a particular port. \o doubt the exercise of thi? power would be attended with great loss to th(> owners of largo ships^ built for the passenger trade, and especially to the Company to which tho " England " belongs, who have recently brought into the business seven steamers, varying in tonnage from 2939 to 2415 tons. Nor could it, 1 apprehend, be exercised unless cholera were prevalent in the United Kinrdom. In the present instance the cholera seems beyond doubt to have been tai len on board in a latent state by the German passengers, who probably had n t been above a day or two in the United Kingdom. Against the risk of the introduction of the disease by this means, it is, I fear, "impossible to guard. No vigilance on the part of Emigration Officers or Medical Inspectors can prevent it; and we can only hope that if the disease should prevail on those parts of the continent from which emigrants commonly come to British ports to embark for America, tho interest of ship-owners will lead them to discontinue the acceptance of such passengers. The Government, 1 take for granted, have no power, under any circumstances, to prevent the resort of foreigners to this country for the purpose of taking passage to America. 6. In conclusion I would only beg to call attention to tho careful manner ii. which the " England " has been fitted for the conveyance of passengers, as described by Admiral Kerr. It will bo seen that the lower passenger deck i« ventilated by separate ventilating shafts, which are cut off from communicatiov. with the upper passenger deck ; so there was no possibility that those on tho upper passenger deck should, as Sir W. F. Williams apprehends, be affected by the " tainted atmosphere breathed by those below." It will be seen likewise that the lower passenger deck is upwards of eight feet high, and is ventilated besides her hatchway and cowls, by ports or scuttles capable of being kept open in almost any weather. No doubt these advantages only tend to prove tho irresistible nature of the disease when it makes its appearance among a body of people necessarily in near and constant contact. But they suggest a doubt whether any restriction which would throw the larger class of vessels out of employ, and force the emigration back into sailing vessels or small steamers, would in practice reduce the mortality among the whole body of emigrants. I have, &c., (Signed) F. W. C. MURDOCH. T. Frederick Elliot, Esc^., &c., &c. STEAMftlTIP "ENGLAND." Mortality in Sailing Vessels carrying upwards of six hundred Passengers, which cleared from liverpool for the United States during the year 1863 {so far as Beyorts have been received.) Name of Shipa, Thornton . Orient Bridgewater Adelaide Benjamin Adams . . . James Foster, Junr . F. A. Palmer John Bright Guy Mannering .... Victory Cutwater Aurora General McLellan. . . Monarch of the Seas Harvest Queen Emerald Isle N. American New World Neptune Ellen Austin Jeremiah Thompson. Resolute Ontario Lucy Thompson .... B. S. Kimball Isaac Webb Chancellor Calhoun Australia Cynosure Webster Joseph Gilchrist. . . . Belle Wood Great Western Wm. Tapscott Total Voyages. Ist Voyage . 2nd « . Ist « . 2nd « . Ist « . 2nd « . 1st " . 2nd « . Number Embarked. 690 698 791 623 695 639 801 753 638 683 639 706 722 646 720 704 775 886 727 762 719 621 750 810 867 717 746 725 632 742 865 851 689 744 781 774 735 607 759 28492 Deaths on the Voyage. 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 o 3 3 1 3 2 1 1 3 4 2 2 12 1 1 14 80 .21 per ct. •STKAAfSJIIP 'RNra.AXn." iMfanclie.ster 1st 211(1 Edinburgh Ist '• 2nd " .3rd Kanji-aroo 1st ° " 2nd City of London l.st " 2nd Adriatic 1st " 2nd Great Eastern Virjfinia ' . . . i< u a i< (•' u u u il a a Niiinlicr '■ Dfiitlifl (iii lOrnhiirkcil. tlu' Vnyiim', 701 1 758 088 657 020 1 727 655 020 005 097 094 1 694 1 020 1 74.'} 080 057 020 055 095 00.3 089 07'.) 829 (;7;5 1 Total 10283 .IK) per ct. STKAMSinr •' HN(JLANl)." IM .^scaped ; and that he proposed to obtain the passing of an Act to make such ottenders " liable to all the penalties of felony." I think it right to draw attention to this intimation. 4. Sir F. Willianas further suggests that the Emigration Officers at Liver- pool and Cork should be admonislied to do tlieirduty thoroughly. Thei'e is no ground for doubting that those officers, and tlu' ^ledical Inspectors who act under their orders, will do everything in their power to see that emigrants when they embark are in a tit state to proceed on their intended voyages. Rut in the cases of tiie " England " and the " Virginia," cholera did not make its appearance till the ships liad been at sea tive or six days ; and it is unnecessary to point out that it is impossible by any medical inspection to discover the disease while in this latent form. I have, &c., (Signed) T. W. C. MURDOCH. T. Fredepick Elliot Esq., &c., &c., &c. 12 STEAMSHIP " ENGLAND." Halifax, Nova Scotia, 6th June, 1866. ^^^'~ Without remarking on the general tone of the despatches from the Emigralfoffic^rmrreport of^the S. ^'^l^^^'lj^^rl^ answer to the letter forwarded by your despatch, ^o. 28, «f the ;f;^;'' y/^;; f^^ ?le number who died on board that unfortunate vessel was understated at 240, ^1 S^;r:2r^"«:Jlu::ii^'SlS!;ps and emigrant ships between which I CO CO ve there i no real comparison, inasmuch as the one embarks m a state of SeaXe s an I under perfect discipline, the other totally the re^'erse; and ot ^l^^^^"'*!*^: /\t'/ ' ..„rs of Admiral Kerr and Captain Trior statmg the 'Fn'^S'' reei'ml a tt -0^1^^^^ by then,) l^Jlly bear out the opimon T haf e ex n-es 'ed as to the culpability of allowing such lai-e slninrients of that dirof iXaTbeSgs as wereVaced on bc*.rd the steamships "England' and "Tfould'therefore respectfully urge tj^at the attention of th^Em^^^^^^^^ Office be called to this point, and so render to Her Majesty s <^o^ 7'^"^/"^ that assistance as will enable them to prevent or modify a recurrence of so fearful a mS?amy,and the diffusion of such a dangerous and contagious disease. I have, &c., (Signed) W. F. WILLIAMS. Mr. Secretary Car dwell. Downing Street, 23rd June, 1866. (No. 44.) ^''''"' I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Despatch No. 46, nf tliP 7tli inst offerino' further remarks on the S. S. " England. °'Tt ;l;ta-'ofomig=„„t, wind, oa„ be cajTied in an -"^-'tl-TsSn'S In+orl bv the exnrc^s provisions of an Act of rarliaiuent, called the i assengers Act On the one haid'it is desirable that the number acbnissable should no be so We as to en-en l>r sickness; on the other hand, it is important that it si oidd i^t be Ldlessly restricted, lest the price of conve>^nce bo so^^^^^^^^^^ as to prohibit the luimbler classes from removing fo^l^o^'^ P^=f^f ^\^^^^^^ naimtvv commands the highest remuneration ; for this would not be a bcnent, but an niui^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^oarly 3i millions of people have been conveyed fioiutls country to North America in the last 20 years,_ with, for the most pa a verv moderate rate of mortality. This vast ^^f "ence pi^ve tl at^n ordinary seasons the space provided for emigrants by law is not incompatible " t. cSi'of the prevalence of an epidemic disease in. t^o ^^^nited lungdom,^^^^^ Crown possesses certain exceptional powers ot i-educmg he luunbeyvt passen gers, which Her Majesty's Government would be prepared to exercise i they should see sufficient reason. At present, happily, cholera dc^ not Fe^^i' ^^ an epidemic in this country. Means have been taken to arrest the tiansport of emigrants from Germany. , • • „. t Vinvn mnndv With regard to vour allusion to the Emigrant Commissioners, I have merely to cvplainlo you that thev have no power to act otl^erwise than acj^ou^^^^ to law, and that in the present case they have discharged the duty entrustcU to them by the law. I have, &c., (Signed) EDWARD CARDWELL. Ilia Excellency the LIEUTENA^T-GovERNOH of Nova Scotia.