IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // ^4^ i< <" « 1.0 ^^ Ui I.l l*^ 1^ m 1.6 1-25 il.4 Photographic Sciences Corporation 39 WIST MAIN ITMIT WHITIR.N.Y USIO (7U) I79-4S03 ^^ ^> '^CS^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. /) CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituta for Historical Microraproductlont / Inttitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The to tl The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^ et/ou pelliculAe I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes gAographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noirel I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relit avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ Lareliure serrAe peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge inttriture Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors dune restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas «t« filmies. L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'ii lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sonv peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiquto ci-dessous. D D n n D D D D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endonimagies Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurAes et/ou pelliculies Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dtcoiortes, tachetdas ou piqutes Pages detached/ Pages ditachtes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualit^ inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppler: signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure ere filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right end top to bottom, es many frames as required. The following diagrams Illustrate the method: Les cartas, planches, tableeux, etc., pauvent Atre filmis A des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est filmi A partir de I'angle sup^rieur gsuche. de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'imagas nicesseire. Les diegrammes suivants illustrent la m4thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 THE ENCYLICAL LETTER OF POPE PIUS IX, AND THE Syllabus of Modern Errors, DATED DEC. 8. 1864, ■ .1 a; d^ ENCYCLICAL LETTER. TO OUR VENKUABLE BRETHREN, ALL PATRIARCHS, PRIMATES, ARCH- BISHOPS, AND BISHOPS HAVING THE FAVOR AND COM- MUNION OF THE HOLY SEE. POl^E I^IIJS IX. VEXEIiAIJLK HROTIIREN, OREETINd AND APOSTOLIC BENEDrCTION. With Ikhv irroat (^aro iuid pustonil viiiilmu'o tlio Hoinun I'ontiftH, Our Pre- dt'i'ossors, liillillinii tlio «lnt_v and ollicc ('(pniiiiitttMl to lliciii hv tlio Lord Christ lliiiiscir ill (Im" person ol' the most Hlcssod IVtor, I'rinci' ol" tlic Apostios, of" IV'ctliiiic tlif laiiilis and tlio sIicm), liavo iii'vor ccascil to nourish thn Lordrt whole tlock with tlio words of I'aitii and witli saliitarv doctrino, and to jiiiard it I'roni poisonous pastures, — is thorouy.iy known to all. and cspoidally to You, ^'('nl'ra^^• llri'tiircn. And truly the same, Our Predciossors, the niaintainerrt luid di'lendi'rs of the auf^iist calholie relii:ion, ol' truth, and ol' justice, ))ein3 most anxious I'or the salvation (d' souls, never had anythin:; nion^ at heart than \)\ tiieir most wise lietters and Constitutions to unmask and eondemn all those heresie-i and errors wliiidi, lieiuL!; adverse to our l>i\ine iMiith, to tin* doctrino of the eatholie Chundi, to purity of morals, ami to liie eleiaial salvation of nu'U, have rreipiently excited violent tempests, and have miseraldy alHicted both the christian and civil commiMiweallli. I'or whiidi cause the same, (hir I'redecessors, have, with Apostolic roi'titude, conslanlly resisted the nel'ariou.H undertakinL^s of wicdvcd nu'ii, who, like the waves of the raLiini: sea I'oamin;! out their own ciuil'usion, and proiiiisin:;' liln'rty, while they were tlm slaves ol eorru|ilion, have striv(>n hy their liillacious opinions and most pt>rnici(nis writ- ii\Lrs to Hiihvert the I'oundations ol' the catliolie religion and ol' ci\ il society, to remove from anion;; men all \irtuc and jiistii'c, to deprave tlie minds and hearts td' all, to turn away IVom true moral trainiii;i unwary persons, and es- pci ially inexpi'rieiieed y(aitli, miseraldy to corrupt it. to lead il into the snares^ ol' error, and (inally to tear it IVom tlie hosiaii (d' the catholic Chur(di. \Vc, too, had scarcelv (hy the hidilen eoniiS(d ol' l>i\iii(> rr(i\idenc(», c(>r- tjiinlv lor no merit of our own) liecii eli'\ate(| to this Chair of I'etcr, when Ht>cinji with the iireutcHt urler of our soul th(> trulv awful Httuan armised Ity so many e\il opinions, and the most ^rricvous calamities, never sulliciently to lie drplorcil, \vhi(di sweep over the christian pcoph- frnm so maiiv iMTor-^, we, as is w»dl known lo You, N'emralde Ih-eihriMi — aecordin;j; to the duty of our Aposloiii- Ministry, and lidlowiii'f in the iliiiHfrioiis footsti'ps of Our I'redecos" Born — iuuucdiuttdj; rui.scd Our Vok^', unJ in many puhlished Kmycliuiil Let ENCYCLICAL. tera, in Allocutions delivered in Consistory, and in other Apostolical Letters, condeiunod the principal errors of our most unhappy a<:e, and excited your ox- tr{iordiuai\v episcopal viiiilance, and aiiain and ajiain admonished and exiiorted all Our very dear sons of the catholic Ciuirch to altoirether abhor and shun the contagion of so dire a pestilence. And especially in Our first Kncyclical Letter written to you on the '.'th day of November, 1S4('), and in two Allocu- tions delivered by I's in Consistory, the one on the Oth day of December, 1854, and the other on the '.Hh day of June, IStl'i, We condemned the monstrous por- teiUs of opinion which es|iecially [irevail in tliis agl^ to the greatest injury of souls and to the detriment .if civil soci(>ty itself, which are also in the highest degree opposeii, not only to the catiiolio Church and her salutary doctrine and venerable rights, but al.so to the eternal natural law engraven by (jod in all men's hearts, and to riglit reason ; and from which almost all other errors have their origin. ]5ut, altlmugh we have not omitted often to proscribe and reprobate the chief errors of this kind, yet the cause of the catholic Church, the salvation of souls divinely committed to Is, and the welfare of luiinan society itself, altogether demand that We again stir up your jiastoral solicitude to overthrow other evil opinions, which flow i'rom these errors as from fountains. These false and p(!rverse opinions iire the more to be deicsted because they chielly tend to im- pede iind remove (li,tt siiltditvi/ pmrrr, which the callidii' ('/iurc/<, according to the institution and commission (d' her divine Author, ishould j'recbj exercise to the end of time — not only over indieidmxl men, but over nations, peoples, and their soeeriii/n liu/ers ; and [tend alsoj to take away that mutual fellowship and concord of counsels I)etweeii the I'riesihuod and the Civil (Jovernment, which has ever proved itself pro[iitious and salutary to religious as well as civil interests.' For you well know, \'eneriible Hretiiren, that at this time not few are found, who, apjilying tH. as they call it, dare to trae/i, that "the best interest of public so- ciety and civil progress absolutely riMpiire tiiat Inunan society be constituted and governed without any regard to religion, as though religion did not exist, or at least without any discrimination lietween the true religion and false ones." And tln'v do not hesitate, ai/ain.st the daetrine oj the saered /SeriptKres, (if the Cliureh, and af the hidi/ Fathers, to assert that '■'thctt condition of society is the best, in irhieh the (■lei/ Pvicer dors not recinpiize the oldiijation TO coKiccK HY KNACTKi) iMON.vi.TiKS THK vloi..\'rioN or TiiK c.ATnoi.io KKi.icioN, except So far as the jnddie jieace /iciff rcfpiire it." Proceeding from this totally false id(ni of social government they do not fear to foster that erroneous opinion, most liital to the catholii! Church and to the salvation oi' souls, which was designated by Oiir I'redecessor, (iregory XVI.. of recent nn'mory, as iii.'^inie niaisen.se,'' nanndy, that "liberty of eonver, either in Hp(!e(di, or in print, or in any other manner.' lint, while they have the temer- ity to allirm this, they do not think ami consider, that they are preaching tlio lilicrtii (it' iier(/diii)i* and that, "if it be iilwavs allowed to dtd>ate with human persuasions, there can never be w:iiitin'j' men who dar<' to resist flie truth and io put laitli in the loipiacity oi' human wisdom, whereas we know from the very iiistitntion of Our Lord Jesus Christ, how faith and christian wisdom nuist avoid this most hurtful vanitv."' And. because where religion has been removed from civil society, and fho doclrine and authority of divine revelation r('pniliate(l, even the genuine notion itN(df of justice anil huunin right is darkened and lost, and nutterial force is lOn'Kory XVI. Knc.vol. lioiivr" Mtmrl." Auk. IB. IH-U •Hiitno Kneyti Wrart. OHl. Aut(. Ki'lsl. 1U5 ul. lUO. s, d(>vices, and er,.,'rs, chietly to de- ceiving and depraving incautious youth, and hiive placed a! i leir hope in its eorruiition. l''or whii'h reason they ne\er cease in all aboni:nabIe ways to assail the clergy, both regular and seeidar, from whom (as the surest monu- meutsof hist(a'y nobly attest), so nniny great advantages have abini(lai\tly Mowed to Christianity, civil society, and liler.Mtiire, and to proclaim, that Ibis very Clergy, "as being hostile to t\\o true and nsefnl progress of science and tiivili- zaliou, slnaild be removed from the whole charge and duty of instructing and educating youth." Ihit others, reviving the wicked and so uftiMi condemned inventions of in- no\ators, diirr will) rrnxtrhilifi' niipmli'noti to Ktibjcct tin' .luprciiK' / conseience^^y^^ unless when they are nronnilgated by the civil power; that the acts nnil de- * CHM.'S (if the Konnin I out ill's, referrinjj; to religion and the ('hurch, need tiie^^f J > Loltor to Curdluul de la tluehel'oueuult, March 10, 17D1. ENCYCLICAL. / , ! |il sanction and approbation, or at least the assont, of the civil power; that the Apostolic constitutions,' wiicrcby secret societies are condemned (whether an .>uth of secrecy be or be not re((uire(l in such societies), and their frequenters and favorers are punished with the ban — have no force in those reirions of the world where associations of tliis kintand. how jirievouslv tiiis is opposed to the catholic do.iiiia conceniinii- the full power di\inely jj;iven by ('hrist the Lord himself to the i^oman I'ontitf. of fi^edinj:, guidiiiir, and ruling the univer- sal Church. Amidst, therefore, such great perversity of depraved opinions, We, well re- memlKring (hir Apostolic ollice, and full of solicitude for our most holy relig- ion, flir scanid doctrine, and the salvation of souls, divinely committed to U.s, and for the welfare of human society itself, have di'cidcd to raise again Our Apostolic \dice. 'riiereforc. Iiji Oxr .\pn.i/(di(' indhnriti/, 11'; reprohate, pro.fcri/i<\ and e'indi nin the I'l-il t.pininn.f imd i/oetrine.\\ all iind sinpidar, .^teuendli/ inenticied i)i thiii Jjetter. and ii-ill a,', are to Is, amid Our most L'ricvons dis- ti'cs-^es, the gii'alest solace, joy, ami coniolalion, because of the emiimnt relin-- ion and piety, wherein you e.\cel, and because of (hat marvelous love, lidelitv, and dulifnlncss, wliereiiy. mo^; liarmoiiiou;dy b(uind lo I's and to this .Vpiis- tolic See, you strivt! strennou.sly and scduliaisly to fullill your most weighty 'rieiiieni \\\ " h) rmiiir,ih " lleiieil. XI V. " yVnriWd.t /i'()»u«U(ic(//a." 1*1 as VII, " J'.'ffli tiiiiiit." Leo. \Il. " ijuo ijiiiviom. ENCYCLICAL. ^11 re- \vll(», lis liis- ri'lifi- A I IMS- VII. ppiacopal ministry. For frf>m your extraordinary pastoral znal We expect f!i!it, taking up the sword of the spirit, which is the word of CJod, and greatly strengthened by tlie grace of ihir Lord Jesus Christ, you will, witli rcdouhhid endeavors, ])e (hilly more upon the watch that the fiiithful intrusted to your c.iiarge "keep themselves from noxious plants, Avhich Jesus (,'hrist does not t(uid, because tiioy are not the planting of the Father."^ Never cease, also, to im[)ress upon the said faithful, that all true f elicit y Jhics upon iimn from our tnajui^t reli(/ii)n, its doctrine and practice ; and that happy is the peojile Avhose (iod is their Lord.'^ 'I'each that "'kingdoms rest on the foundati(jn of tiU) catholic Kaith;" and that nothing is so deadly, leads so headlong to a fall, is so exposed to all dangers, as when, believing this alone t(^ be sulHcient for us that we received free will at (mr birth, we seek nothing further I'roni the Lord, (hat is, when forgetting our (Veater, we deny his power in order to show that we are free.'* And do not fail also to teach that I lie royal power u-ns r/iven not alone for the f/oreniance of the tcorld, but most of all /or the protection of the Church ; "ami that there is nothing Avhich can be more to the advantage and glory of Princes and Kings than (as another most wise and courageous Predecessor nf Ours, St. Felix, wrote to the Kmperor Zeno) to 'permit the catholic Church to make use of her Lnvs, and allow no one to oppose her liherty. For it is cer- tainly beneficial to their interests to study, whenever the affairs of God are con- ceracd, according to his apjiointment to sul>ject the royal will to the I'riests of (■hrist, not to set it above them.' " ^ Hut if always, Venerable I?rethren, it is especially now (amidst such great calamiti(>s both of the Church and of civil society, amidst so great a conspiracy of the adversaries of the catholic cause and of this Ajiostolic Sec, ami so great a mass of errors,) absolutely necessary to approach with confidence the throne of grace, that we may obtain nnu'cy and liml grace in timely aid. Therefore We have tluuight it well to stir up the piety of all the faithful, that, together with I'a and You, they may int-essantly pray and bes(M'ch the most merciful Father of li^ht and pity, with most fervent ami hnmlile prayers, luid in the fullness of faith tiee always to our liord Jesus Christ, who redeemed us to (Jod in his Idood, and earnestly and constantly suiiplicate Ilis most swfct Heart, the victim of most burning love toward us, that he woidd draw all things to himself by the bonds of bis love, and that all men iidlamed by his most holy love may walk Avorthily iicfordiiig to His Heart, pleasing (iod in all things, bearing fruit in every good wiirk. I>ut inasmuch as, without diaibt, tli<> prayers of men are more pleasing t.i (ind iftlii'v ap)>rna(di Him with mimls free IVdiii nil stain, therefore we have determined with Apostolic liberality to open to Christ's iViithful tli(> heavenly treasures of the Chundi, committed to I s tn illspense, in order that the said faithful, being more earnestly enklndl(>d to (rue pieiy, and (deaiised through the Sacrament of i'enance from the dtililenu'tit of their sins, may with greater eindideiiee [lour fordi (heir prayers to (iod. and obtain His mercy and grace. l>y this Letter, therefore, in virtue of Our .\postolic authority, we grant to the fiiiihful of the catholic w. rid. all ami singular, of liotii sexes, a I*h>nary I'Klulgence in the form of a Jubilee, duriiii:' the spaee of one month only within the whole coming year, ISti,"), in\d not beyond, to lie (ixeij by You, N'enerable Mrethren, and other legitimate local Ordinaries, in the very same maimer and form in which Wi- granted it at the beginnlnu: of Our suiireme I'ontilieate by Our Apostolic Letter in the Ibrm of a jtrief, dad'd November l2(>, lS4('t, and addressed to all your episcopal Onler. beginning, " .\rcaiio Hivintie I'rovidentiao coiisilio." and wilh all the same powers which were given by Is in that iiit- ter. We will, however, tluit all things be observed whi(di were prescribed in the aforesaid liCtter, and thctso things be excepted, wi»i(di we detdared to ho 'St. IsiiiuMus M. Kplst. to (lie Plillailelpiilaiis, eli. :t. M's. U:t. XHl. Cieh s(. I'lpisl. UJ, ((» (lie Synod of I'lplies. apud ('olis(, p. I'JdO. «Ht. IntiooeiH I. Kplsl. lai, to the Hlsliops of (lie Council of Carl li. apud Const, p. XOi. »St. U'o. KjilMl. IjU vli')). "IMus VII. Ihicyclica " Diu salU," .May lo, 1800. SYLLABUS. excepted. And wo grant this, notwithstixndin;!; any thing whatever to the con- trary, even if it were worthy of special and individual mention and derogation. In order, however, that every doubt and difliculty may be removed, We have commanded a copy ol" said I-,otter to be sent Vou. "Let us implore," Venerable brethren, "from our inmost heart and with our whole mind the iniMcy of God, because He Himself has said, 'J will not remove my ;a.n-cy fnin iliom.' Let us ask and we shall receive; and if there be delay and tardine^-^ in our receiving, l)ecause we have gravely ofl'ended, let us knock, because to him that kuocketh it shall be opened, if only our prayers, groans, and tears knock at the door, wherein wo must persist and persevere, and that our prayer may be unanimous let each one pray to (iiod, not for hinisell' alone, but for all the brethren, as the l^ord has taught us to pray." ' But in order that (Jod may the more readily assent to all our prayers and desires. Ours, Yours, and tiiose of all the faithful, let us with all contideuee cni])loy, as our intercessor with Him, tiie Innuaculatc and most holy Mother of f all with a most large affection, " '^ and standing as (^)ueen at the right hand of Her Only Begotten Son, Our i-ord Jesus Christ, radiantly clothed in a golden vestment, can obtain from Him whatever she will. Let us also seek the itttcrcession of tlie Most Itiessed i'eter, the Prince of the Apostles, and of I'aul, his fellow-apostle, and of all the Saints in Heaven, who, having already liecome (jJod's friends, have entered into the heavenly kingdom, and being crowned bear their palms, and secure of their own immortality are anx- ious tor our salvation. Finally, imploring from Our heart for You the fullness of all heavenly gifts, We most lovingly, as a pledge of Our }»eculiar love toward You, impart, from Our inmost iieart, tlie Apostolic, H(>n(>diction to You, Venerable Brethren, to all the Clergv, and to all Lay Faitliful committed to your caro. (jiven at Kume, from St. Teter's, the Sth day of December, in the year 1864, the tenth from the Dogmatic Definition of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Marv, Mother of Ciod. In the nineteenth year of Our Pontificate. SYLLABUS EMBRACTNG THE rUlXril'.Vb KllliOIlS OF OUR TIMR WIIICR ARE CEN.SUI!i:i) LN rONSbSTOHAL AbbOtniTIONS, KNCYOblCALS, AND OTIIMR APO,STOI,l(' bETTMRS OF OUR MOST llOLV FATHER, I'Ol'E I'lUS IX. §1. PANTHEISM, NATURAIJSM, AND ABSOLUTE RATIONALISM. I. There is no supreme, all-wise and all-provident divine l{eing, tlistinet from this universe, and (Jod is tiio same as Nature, and therelbre liable to >Ht.(",v|)rian Kpist. II. 'St. Ri(rnanl.'.-<('i iiiou on llio twelve prorogatlvos of the lilossed Virgin Mury, from Uio wolds ol I ho AiJoeul.viwo. 4 M SYLLABUS. 8 i cliivnjio; and Tiod booomos actual [onl_yJ in man and in tho world, and all thiiijzs arc (Jod and liavo tho soU'-f-ann' siihstaiico with (lod; an cli'ii iS'//i.(/i'/in/ »/i/((/'7,i. Miiii'li 17, lR"iO. Alloeut loil Mii.i iiilii quiilfltl, .JuUi' !t, ISCi'J. V Divine rewOntion is iniperfeet ami thoroforo! snbjoot to contiinial and in- doUnito firoiiross, oorrosp(.nc> cllca (/III plurihiis, .\'ov. !l, 1H|(| Alloeullou Ml 1. 1 inn t iiindcin, .liuu' 11, 1802. Vli. 'i'he ])roplieeios and miiaidos rooordod and narrated iti the holy Sorip- turo.s aro tlu' lletious of poets, ami the mysteries of tho christian faith aro tho result of philosopliie;il investiiiiMtious ; and in tho liooks of liolh 'restaments aro contaiuci! ni\lbiciil imentious, and .b'sus Christ himself is a mythical lictiuu. I''ii('yelli'n (jiu plurihiis, Nov. !•, ISItl, Alloeullou Maxima qiiiilon, Juue !•, 1KG2. § ir. l\!nIM;i!\'l"K li.\l'li»NAl-lS!\I. VIIF liiasiinieh as human reason is on nu eipmlity with relijfion itmdf therefore tliooloizieal studies are to be handled iu the sanu- maimer as philo- Hophical, Allocollou Siiifiiititn rs and principles to arrive at true kiioulcdLio of even the nxu'o alislrih-o doi^uuis, if only these llo^nlas liavo lieeii proposed to roasiui itself as its oljeet. I,i>lter In llio .Vrelilihliop (U' Munleli-I''i'ls|iH.', f I'rfO'miKi'M, l>eo, 11,18(11!, I.eller lo I lie Hillne, 7'i((r,v liht-iilrr, lli'c, 'Jl, l"ee, Jl, Isii.'l. XI Till' Chnroli not only oiiuht nevi-r to animadvert on philo.«»ophy, but 0Uf;ht to tolerate the errors of pliilosophy, and leave it to her to eorroet herself. Leiier Iu the ,\ri'||l)U|i(i|i (il Muiileli-t<'rlr. Connected with the system of rationalism are for tho most part tho errors of .Antunins tiiieiithcr, wliich are condemned in the i'lpistie to the Car- dinal Archlii.-«hop of Cniogm^: Kximuun /«<'«;, .luno l."i, lS."»7; and in tho Epis- lIo to the Uishop of ISrcslau ; Dnlore liaud mediocre, April oO, ISliU. ■;l § IIL INIUn'T.Ul'.NTlSM, I,.\ri rillUXAUIANiSM. XV. Kvery man is free to (>nd)raee luni profess that religion, which, guided by the liiiit of reason, he holds to li(> trim. .\no^|nllc 1,1'Ilcr Mii/liiilifrs iiitrr, .Iniic 1(1, 1S.')1. AUoeutlon Muxumi iiiiiilciii, June i», isti'J. XVF. Men may in the practice of any religion whatever lind tho way of eternal salvation and attain eternal salvation. i;iic>'cll<'ii (^iiii filiiriliiin, Nov. II, ISKI. Alliiciilion /'//( inhiiHiii, l>cc 17, 1NI7. I'ini'.vclli ,1 Siiii/iilari niiiUrni, .March 17, ISTjfl. XN'll One may well hope at leiist for the eternal salvation of all llio.se, who lire in nowise in ihc true Church of Christ. Alloiiit loll Sini/iilari iiiinddiii, Dec. II, IK.'il. i'inc.vclica Quiiiilii riiiijifituiiKr, .\un. 17, IStU. XVIII. I'rotestaidxni is nothin'^ els(« tJiijn a dilVerent form of the same trno chrisiiiin rdi-ion, in which it is possible to pletise (Jod just as in tho o.ilholio Church. llncyellcii yonviUtiet .\ubLs<-it)i>, Dec. H, istl). i; IV. H(»("1AI<|SM, CoMMrNl-^M, '^Krlil/I" Si ic| i: Tl IN, lUMI.K MdCIRTlKH, I.IUKHAIj (■i.i:i;i(\i, MK ii;tii:s. ? I'esis of this kind arc ofien rcprnbaled, and in ihe most severe terms in tho Kncyclica (^kI pdirifxix, Nov. '.', l^li'i; in the .\llocution (^uhn.^ iiuitxHxi/ur, I Anril '-'II, ISl'.l; in the Kiieyidica .V.w^/m ,7 .W/^.v, •».//(, I>ee, M, |H|'.»; in tho Allocution iSi;/i(f'iri i/i' id im^ Dei-. •.), lS,Vl| in the Kncyclit'ii (^miuto roujti'ia' mnr duu /■ecc, .\ug h», jMiit. § V. KllHolt."^ (^>N('KltNlMl 'nii: ciltnril AMI lIKIt liKMITM. XIX. Thf't'hureh ix not a true and perfect, entirely free socii>tv, ni>r doon nlie enjoy her own proper and permanent ri;:h(s, eoni'erreil upon her by her ilivine lounder. but it is the business of the civil power to deline what are thu ri^litH of tlie Chiiridi. and the limits within which sin* may exorulHO lliuiu, All'iiiilloii \(niiiiliiri 'iiiiitliiiii. Ii.'i', II, 1S||, ,M I MCI I Moil Mi'lh\ ilfirihiii'iin , I 17, I'MM, AUoeutlon MuxtnM i^tiuhm, Juuu \), iiSMii. u ^1*. Pir ' >iiU'' ''■' -^'•''' '■' -•'"« v liy Imt lit ;iri' tlio llllKUl, I ■■',s XX. The ec'clesiiistu^iil pnwcr nmy not oxcrcisc' itn luitlmrity without the |torinissi(»n ami iissciU of tlic civil iiovcriiniciil. Alloi'i'ti'.:! jMriniiUt uinixiii(i.\(iiir, Sti)( .;(), ISOl. XXI. 'I'll ' ' rcli has not tli(> power of (loi^niutically dct-iding thut the re- li;i;ioii of (he • . tiio Church is the only truo rclijiion. Apos.i/lii; l.ctlfT Midtijilitr.s inter, .rillic 10, 1S")1. XXII Tiic ohiiiiatioii by whieli catholic Icachcr.s and writers arc alisohitcly hound, is conliniMl to tliosc tliin^ix alone which are ])ro|iounded hy tlio iufaliihlo judi!;iiient of tlie Church as tlo.\ce('dod (he limits oi' liicir power, usurped the ri-hts of I'riiiccs, and erred even iii tiie ileliiutioii of matters of faith and morals. Apostolic Letter Miillij)tic<\ XXIV The Church has iiu powtu- to oui|iloy force, nor has slio any temporal \ iiower direct or indirect. £- .. , /., ', •' . '.!■', i,-- 1 Apostolic I.eilcr All npoxtolirdc, Aujt IIB, 1S51, .XXV. r.esidc the power inlierin;^ in the epi^coputo, there is still another teniporni power, whicli lias liceii :.::ranled espiesdv ortav- I'rnment, ami which u\.\\, therefore he revoked hy llio id\il i^overiiiueuL at its pleiisure. Apostolic Letter Ad (ij)iislclirai', .Vnu;. '-"J, IS.'il. .X.W'I. TIh} Chundi has no innate and lc;':itimato ri;;ht of aci|uiriii^ and posses.siiijr. AlliMMition Xini'iKiiiit /nri', rtec, l"i, {H-'M, iMieyrllca J Hcl'ililii/i, i^cpl. 17, lMi:l. XXN'II 'I'lie consecrated mini-;teis id' the Chinvdi and the Ihunaii T'onfiff f Hhoiild he eiilirely e\(diidcd iVdHi all idiar:;e and dominion over tciiipoi'tU \ lliin^H. 1 Allocntloii Miuiiim iiiiidini, .IniuMI, lS(i2, X X \'III. Hishops have no riu;lit, willuiut permission of the CJoMU'iitiient^ oven to piihlish apostolic letters. Allniill liU .\inii/'iiliil Jiili\ lice l.'i, Is.ill, XXIX (Jriices ixranted h\ the I'uinan I'oniilV «houId he accounted void, un- les.s the_\ have heen sought throii'.rli (lie (io\ernimiit. Allocntloii ,Viui'/U(0(i foir, |)ee. l"i, is.'itl, XXX. The imiiiunilN of the Chniih and of ec( lesiiistiiMil persons had itn origin in ci\ il law .Vpu^lciUc Letter Miillii>lirn int' r,.\\{\if la, IHil. .X X .\ I The jnrisdicticiii of the ( 'huich ni the teiupnral cau-es of the eler;jv, \Nhcther civil <>r criminal, nu.hl to he eiilin l\ iihi>li>li('d, e\eii VMtlionl coiisuit- ili;i;, and a'ainsi the protc..! of, the .Npuslolic ,'>ce. AlliicUtlnll ,lc<)7>/,v.v/i«i( 1)1, Ml pt. i.7, ISV.', Allncnlliiii ,\iiiiiiiiiiuii low, I lee, l.'i, ls,i*l .\\\ll. Without any \iolatioii of tiatunil riudit and eipiity that persotialiiii- luunilv may he iihroirated, wherehy the (diM'^'y are eNeiiiplifiinlcli I'rMhu 7'i<(i> /i7ine I'ontiticiite be transferred from the Roman r»iaht>[i an exceedingly arbitrary decisions of the Roman rontiffd con- tributed tn divide the Chinch into Kastern and Western. ApiisUilic l.ettfr All <(p inliilirttr, AUjj;. 22, IMol. § VL ERIMRS CO.NcKnNIXei ClVII, Soi'lDTV, IKtTlI IN nsi^l.F AND IN ITS KELATIONS 'Jn TllK (.IIUUCII. XXXIX, 'ITo state, as beiii:' the oriLdii and fountain of all rii^hts, posacses a ri^iht, which is cii'ciiin^eribril by no limits. Alltii'ullim MiLiiimi i/itidiiii, ,IoiH' il, lS»i2. Xi,. 'I'he doctrine of the cat hi .11,. Chundi is opj^osod to the gtxxl and the iu- t<'re>ts of human society. I'.nc.M'lli'.'l (^iiii i)liirihii.i, Nov. !>. I.KKl. .MlociillnM (jmliii.^ i^iKiidi.iiiUf, A|iill20, IHIO. XI. I The ei\il power, even when exerciseil by an unbelievinjf [,-'. *.'. non- (Mitholie) ruler, has an indireet ni'2.ative power over thii\irs sacreil ; it han th'M'etoi'c not onlv the socillcd ri^'ht of eM'i|uatnr, but iiUo the socallcd rii^ht of appeal | against ecclrsii-tical ordiuancrx involvin.u; the civil (lovernmenl J ou account ot till' abii-.!' | of ('ecli"^iii,«.iical powrr. | Apostolic l.i'llii' Ad iifiii.slnlii-iir, .\iii{, 22, 1M.")1. Xlill. In case of conllief lietweeit tlie laws of the two powora, civil law takes the prcrcdeni'e, . ■■ A|'0>toll< I.clttr All ill>n\t<,li,;ir, .\ll«. 22, IH'il. Xldll The lav pi'Wir has the anlhorily to rescind, to dcilan> ami make void solemn conventions (eoniinoidy called ( 'oneoi'daU ), concerning the e\er cife of riidits pcrlainihL:' to ecclesiastical iiniiiiinilv, which have been enlcri'd into will) the Apostolic ."^cc, without the con>cnl of this .'ll' up in matters which pertain to reliiiioii. morals, and spirilnal i^nverinucnt Hence it may jndne concernin); the iiistrnctions. which tin pastors of the Chin'ch issue in accordance with their ollice for the v'tiidaiice of eoiisciences; miy, it may even decree cinn'ern- in;; the administniiioii of the holy siierami'iits and the dispo.silion!t nt cesstiry fur tbcii' rci'cption. Allocation In I'uiiMithniidl, Nov, 1, 1,1V). Allocution MtLtiimt ijiidi Hi,. lunu\t, iMii, 11 SYLLABUS. 12 to a free ich pre- ;il, or by 5 lloinan dispute, ii'vn and itiffd con- 5LATI0NS , posseaea 1(1 the iu- <;. non- I; it l\iiH I.mI ri^lit klUtMll I nil I;uv tukcH llli' CMT \\ i'IiIciimI III a;::iiiliHt Ttain to liu'oriiinK liii-c wilii coin'iTii- 111 Of -HHivry XLV. The whole control of thf pulilic schools, whcroin the youth of any ch^i^^ti!ltl State is odiicatiHl, only tUo (Episcopal seminaries lieini; in some degree t'xeepted, may and should ho asr^igned to the civil authority, and so assigned to it. that no rii:ht he recognized, in any other authority whatever, to interfere | with the school discipline, the direction o;' studies, the conferring of degrees, \ the selection or appiohation of teaidiors. j Allocution In cottnisloridli, Nov. 1, IS.')l). Allocution Qiiihu.s hirliivistKfiiiiius, iii'i)t. 5, 18G1. XliVI. Nay, in the very seminaries [for the education] of the clergy, the method of study to lie addptcil is suhjcct, to tht^ (^ivil authority. Allocution .XuiuiKdiii /ore, Ilci-. 15, lK.")(t. XLVII. The hcst constitutiou of civil society rcrpiires that the public •^(diools, which an- open to the children of all classes, and that public institu- tions universally, which are devoted to higher literary and scientilic instruc- tion and to the edm-ation of youth, be released from all aiitliority of tim (,'hurcli, from her niodiM-ntiiig inlbiciico ami interference, and sulijected wholly to the will of the ci\il and pnliticiil authority [to b(> ciiiiducted] according to the pleasure id" the rulers and the standard nl' tbe cononon opinions of the age. Ijctlcr to till' Ai'cliliislio)! of l'"rcihurtt, Qiiinn nun xinv, .luly 11, IWM. XliMll. 'I'liat iiictlicd of instructing \tintb can b(> approved by cathtdio tiM'ii, which is scpiiiali'd IVom the catholic faith and from tli(> power (d' the C'hurch, and whitdi has regard e.\(dusi\ely. or at least principally, to u knowl- edge of natural thiii;.is only, and to the ends (d' social life on earth. Lclfcr lo tlic Arcliliislio)! of l-'rciliiiifr, V""h lum ninr, .Jiil.v 1 1, 1S(II. XlilX. The ci\il authority mav prevent the bishops and faithful peoples from having free and mutual communication with (he lunnan I'ontill'. Allociillon Afnriniii (/((/(/o/i, .Imic !l, lK(l:i. \i. The lay authority has of itself the right of presentiiiii: bishops, and may reipiire (d' them, that llicy enter on the administratiiui of their dioees(>s liid'oro they receive from the Holy See canonical inslitudoii and apustiilieal lettcfH. Allociillim yiiiKjtdini J'lirr, lici'. 1">, Is.Ki \A. The lay (iovernmeiit has even the riiilit of (h'posing bishops from the (jxiu'cise (d' their pnstiM'al niinislrv; inu' is it boiiinl to obey the ixoman I'ontill' ill those thin::s wliii h concern the establishment id' bisbo)irics and the appointr meiit of bishops. A)>oHlollc Letter .}fi(ltipHr,.>iliitr),.\uUf 1(1, IK'.l. .\ llociiiitin .iftiliin.',iiiiiiii),it. u", IsrJ. LI! The (iovcrnmeni may. in its o\»ii rii:ht, cliaii'j:e the a'..;e prescribed liy the t'liundi for tlie ieli_;iotis prolexsion of both women and men. and m;iy for- bid ndipious order>- to admit any one to hoU'Iiiii vows witliout its periiil-i»ioi». Mlocllllon ,\iiiiiininii fitir, lU'C. l."i, lS,"it). lilll The lawn should be abroniUcd whiidi ndate to protecting lh(> comlitioii of the religions m-ders, and to tlndr rights and duties; nny, the civil goveni- iiieut may gi\(' asHiKlnnce to all tlios(>, who wish to desert llieir adopteil nnxle of r(di;;ioiis life 1111(1 to break their solemn vows; and in like manner it may altogether iiboliMJi tiie Kiiid reliu:inuN orders and also eollegiatit (dinndieN and wimple benidices, even those under the rirht (d' a patron, aiwl subject and up- (iropriale their goods mid revenues to tbe admini^lratioii and free dispo.saj of tlu» ei\il iHtwer Allocution .■1''c»7i^v.«('ii(i(((i, Mi'(it. IS.'.: Allociillon I'lolii 'iiiiii'viliH, .Inn. '."J, |K.V\ Allociillon f'iDii mil III , .llll.v Jll, IKVi. KIV. KiugN and rritice.<« aro not only exomptod from tho juriHdiotion of tho SYLLABUS. 13 f Church, but are also, in deciding questions of jurisdiction, superior to the Church. Apostolic liOttor Multipliers inter, June 10, 1H,")1. ' IjV. 'i'iic Church ought to be separated iiom the State, and tho State from \ the Church. Allocution Acrrbis.simian, Sept. 27, 18.')2, § VIL KRUORS CONCERNING N.\TUR.\I, AND CITRI.STIAN ETHICS. Ii\ 1. 'I'hc laws of iiiorality do not nocil the divine sanction, and it is not at all ncccssarv that iimnau laws \h\ conrnriiiod to tho law of nature, or receive from iiiir, Aiij;. 10, IHli.'}. lilX. hl'ght consists in the material fact, and all the duties of man are an om[>ty nanii', and all hiimnn d Is have ihi' force of right, Alloi'MlloIl MdXillKl lldilll III, .JlllH'it, l.Stl2, LX. Authority is nothiiii:- hut luimliers and the sum of material forces. Allocution Mii.iiiii'1 (/iiiiliiii, ,[uneli, isii2. LX! Tile successful iniu>tice of a tleed hriuiis no detriment to the sanctity of right. Allocution ,Titii)r\(d. Allocutinii .Xnrosrt lii fihirihlis, N'uv. U, lS|(i Allncullon (jiii>t}i<;„-, AuK 22, l(i")l. li.W'l. 'I he sacriiinent of malrimony is otdy an accessi>ry to tho contract, find "cparaltle finni ii , and (he s;i('i'ann>nt itself lies in the nuptial henetliction ulone. Apostolic I.ellei .Ui illHUiliilicdV, AuK. '£i, IH.">1. M 13 to the from SYLLABUS. 14 » not at receive 1 •V- iivy and ■■<> -v-i, ■'■"/' mnttor, iiiH and isuro. n aro an rocs, rtixnctity intnl antl (1 even to lV.\i:itiiMH [sis, wlion tliti (litf- Icontrni't, iicJiclion LXVir. Aocordiiig to tho law of nature the boiul of matrimony is not india- Boluble, and in various cases divorce, properly so called, may be sanctioned by tlie civil authority. Apostolic JjOttov Adapo.itolirae, Aug. 22,18.')!. Alloculiou AccrbmimiDn, Sept. 27, lt)ij2. LXVIll. Tho rhurch has no pAwcr of introducinir soparatory impedimenta to marriage, but this power is vested in tht; civil authority, by which existing impediments may be removed. Apostolic Li;ticr Mtdli])liccs inter, June 10, ISol. LXFX. "J'lic Church beiran in later ag<'s to introduce separatory impedi- ments, nut in her own right, but using the right conlerrcd upon her by the civil povver. Apostolic Letter Ad apontolicae, Aug. 22, 1851. LXX. The canons of Trent, which inflict the censure of tho curse on those who dare to deny the jiower of the Ciiurch to introduces v(>|i;vratory im])(>(liments, are cither not dogmatiiial, or aro to be understood of that conlerrcd power. Apostoiio Letter Ad apo.i/olicae, Aug. 22, 1801. IjXXI. TIk! form [of miirritige] ordained by the ("ouikmI of Trent is not obligatory, umler pain of invalidity, wherevi-r tho civil law may prescribe another form and wills that luarria;;!! by this new form shall be valid. Apostolic Letter Ad apostolioar, Aug. 22, 18.51. LXXII. Honifaeo VIII, was the first who asserted that tho vow of chastity made at ordination renders marriage null. Apostolic Letter Ad aiw.stolicav, Aug. 22, 1851. liXXlll. I?y virtue of a purely civil eontrai't a tnn^ marriage may subsist between christians ; and it is false either that the contract of marriage In^ween ' christinus is always ti siuirament, or that the contract is null if the sacrament be exclud(^ 22, 18,')!. Aiinciilioil Ai;u lii.s.tiiitiiill, Sept. 27, 1SV2. X. U. To this head may lie referred two olln'r t rrors ; on the abolition of the celibacy of tint demy, and (Ui |ire!'errinii the stale uf marriage to the state of viririnity. They are coinlemned, the I'oriiier in liie Kncycliea (/ni /)iHri/>ii\', Nov. '.*, i>S-ll), the latter in the Apostolical Letter i)/i(/tii)/ii'iwi inter, Jmw ll\ lH;'tl. § IX. KHUoUft <'fiNOHnM\ni- Hoives eiiiicernuig tiie ciniipaliliilily of the ti'inporal with the spiritual kingdom. Apiislollc Letter Ad ii/hlsIoHviu; Aug. 22, 18.'il. li.\X\'l Tlie nbl'o ration ol' the ci\il power, whii'li the Apostolic See pos- HCHses, woiilil \eiy greatly coinlui'i' lu the iilierly ami felicity of the Church, Allociitlon (^i>lbHiiiiiiiu)li.i(ji(r, ,\prll2i), I8|!), N. \\. Ileside these ernu's explicitly mentioned, many nthcM's are iinplieitlv riMiroliineil in thi' exposition and assertion of ilia I lim iiii oiiceniin j; tli.' ci\ il nn> eilniii o| the Ikiniian I'oiiliH', to which all ciulidiics shoidd mo.>-l firmly tid- jci'o, This iloctrine is dourly laid down in the Allv)cution (jiidhiji i/uanli,i'iuc, I Yi .'^lS=^«if«^>"»- SYLLABUS. 15 ,! -^ April 20, 1849; in the Allocution St^sempcr aniea, May 20, 1850; in the Apos- tolical Letter Cum caf/io/ica Ecclesia, March 26, ISBO; in the Allocution Novos, Sept. 2S, LStiO; in the Allocution Jamdudum, March 18, 1801; in the Allocu- tion Maxima quidcm, June 9, 1862. §x. ■ ERRORS WHICH REFER TO THE LIBERALISM OP THE DAY. FiXXVIT. Tn this ourajie it is no Ioniser expedient that the catholic relidon should be helil to be the only religion of the state, to the exclusion of all other forms of wor^liij). Allocution Xcnio vestrum, July 20, 18G.5. TiXXVlIl. llonce it has been laudably provided by law in certain catholic countries, that men immigrating there sliould be permitted the public exorcise of their own several forms of wiirship. Allocution Acerliixsimtim, Hopt. 27, I8o2. LXXi X. For truly it is false, that the civil liberty of every form of worship, and the full ]i(iwer granted to all of openly and publicly declaring all opinions and thoughts whatever, leads t(t the easier corruption of the morals and minds of peoples, and to the spread of the pest of inditl'erentism. Allocution NimiiiKtin fore, iJcc. 15, lA'Mi. LXXX. The Koman I'ontill'ean and ought to reconcile and harmonize him- self with progress, witii liberalism, aial with modern civilization. Allocution JamUudum, Marcli 18. 1801. /^ /^ ■ / > f-: ft i9i •, n "-■s ■ V'A - ^ ■>' -* %. % :. ,'.j .V/A •; '>/ il IT 15 the Apos- on Novos, 10 Allocu- rolisrion :" all other 1 catholic J exorcise ' worship, 1 opinions ud minds )nizo him- 'I