IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^J"/ '^j> 1.0 I.I l^|28 |2.5 ■50 ■^" M^H ■^ Uii 1 2.2- 1.8 £ lu 1.25 i 1.4 PhotDgraphif Sciences Corporation m 1.6 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WIBSTIR,N.Y. MStO (716)872-4303 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHJVI/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques k\ Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notaa techniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur □ Covers damaged/ C< Couverture endommagie I I c Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur6e et/ou pelliculie □ Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re Mure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int^rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have beon omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouttes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires; L'institut a microf llmA le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvem exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. Th to r~| Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^es et/ou pelliculies Pages discoioured, stained or foxed/ Pages dicolor^es, tachetdes ou piqu( Th po of fill Or be th( sic oti fir sic or piqu^es □Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es 0Showthrough/ Transparence I I Quality of print varies/ Quality inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary mdterial/ Comprend du materiel supplimentaire Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible Th shi Til wt M( dif en bei rig rec m« Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata une pelure, etc., ont M filmies d nouveau de fa^on d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film^ au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X K ummm^ bibb^h ^i^^^ ^i^^h ^^^^m ^^^^m ^^^^m ^^^^m ^^mmm __^_- ^^^^ ^^^^ bh^hi i^h^^ ^^^^m ^^am^ hmh 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X B ktails B du lodifier r une Image The copy filmed here ha* been reprodnced thanka to the generoaity of: Library of the Public Archivea of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. L'exemplaire fiimA fut reproduit grAce A la g^nArositA do: la bibliothAque des Archives publiques du Canada Las images suivantes ont 6tA reproduites avec ie plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet6 de rexemplaire fiime. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimAe sont filmfo en commengant par Ie premier plat et en tecminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iliustration, soit par Ie second plat, salon Ie cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaifx sont filmts en commen^ant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iliustration et en terminant par ia derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — »> (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol y (meaning "END "), whichever aoplies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: Ie symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", Ie symbols y signifie "FIN". l\/laps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte i des taux de rMuction diffirents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour #tre reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est filmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bae, en prenant Ie nombre d'images nteessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. arrata to pelure, in A n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 CORRESPONDFNCE BETWEEN MR. JONAS AND MR. COBDEN. iUqmntedfnm the MoitNiNC liEiiALD of Januniy Ulh niid Febrvaty Ulh, 1850.] LE1TER I.— To Richard ConDEN, Esq., M P I'n-i'nt prices ,^,) -. "'"• •"''• 8rf. Qiits -Jis. 0,1. _; " 2^ *• , U) 2 16 H ~r~r "T — 7'"'^' 'l''/''"^ iVcc-trmle 1ms icducctl the- vaUic of vour te.wnfs iiioduce, for his wlieat 1 G. 11,/ np',' , „.,.to. ■ for bar]cv-^4x. S,/. por ,,,„rtcr ; for .nU. ,.. mi. „er „uartor; and for beans ami ,eas ^^i^V / i j u. ^ ''""'^"^ ' 1 vN.ll assu.n. tl.ut ; our far,,, is c.dtivat.d upon the four-coursc sv>tcm, producin-. per acre of ' Ml'rat I (iimrtns DiiiiiiiMii'd viiluo . ,,. ,\ Oats « ,iitu. ditto ^-'^ ;*■'• !■"'■ Hii'irtrr ,. OS,,, n,/. jK-r •iiiiiMm. ' HI .. ., 4il S „ Taking .>iio iiH.icty (.!' ,mo1i i.rn.inno, is ' ' '^ lioans a.Kl IV.s, only „„o n.ui.l;. „n tins -^M^'i''^''^^'v''vn^r^['iiJ.'i:^r':^'^^^^^^ ^ jj;^ r'^"" ^"• l-JU. 0'/. Tills divi,lo,l l,y 4 Kiv.- :m imniml .llnniii»lio,l value iw acr,. of .,„ „ , ^ on.- tonant .-,11 .,c .,i,l t. I.uve I..ene,l his OM-en^.s, for l,o,.o curn u,uV;VJ;:h;,';i;j-i;;:,i;uhid;-;;n a;,;:;!^ Vo 1 o!i. course I'^^^^^t^iL^iv:!^-^:::^:^:;^::^'^: f -r i:ri.-i"r ^?.r^ v:; ^ "^- 1^"™- ^^ out any set-ort" I Imvc oinitti.rl ir.l, ., f <- ^'^" "-m «,i^ls or iii^ i.ii .leis. It not, you, Sir, cannot po lit 2 of the rii>c' is llii.-, tliiit yciii liuvi Uy llusc uitiiHurcs nduccd the valiir of our proitucc coiisidcrulily luluw llic amount of the rent iiiid tithe luiiil hy \i<, aiid thai tlu' iantls of Kiinlaucl aii' no hi!i.'j;ir wortli cultivatiiin. 1 assure \m\ (ni the honour of a man that yuur free trade experiment has kssened the value of nu piodurc to that extent, thi't if I was no hmirer ealkd upon to pay either rent, tithe, or rates of any kind, my position wouKl be worse at ])rcsent priees witluiut these expenses, than formerly, when I eheerl'idly paiil tiiem. 1 have been allied why continue in sueh a husines- ? 1 iiave leases to hind me. Hut, Sir, more than that, I have that hit:;h opinion of the good sense of tlie middle elasi-es of this c(Uintry, that to them I can witii coufiilenee appeal : and, Sir, you know, and feel, and dread the re^ult of that appeal. You are well aware that whenever the electors of Enuhmd are again cmpannelKd as the jurv, they will return as their verdict that the producing classes of this highly taxed country arc fully entitled to fair and ju>t ))rotection. There can he no (piestion but that it is the boundcn duty of the government so to legislate ns to provide sustenance for the ]u'o|)le at tiie lowest possible price. Jiut, Sir, when that cheapness is produced by tlio free import of foreign labour, so as to le>sen the demand for the labour of our own |ieople, then. Sir, the intended blessing becomes a curse. Yours, &e. IcklHon, imiv Hv.ffruu WahU'n, Jnmmrrj 14, It^oO. SAMUKL JOX.VS. I.KTri'.R II.— To UlCHAKU COIIDKN, Ks(J., M.P. Sir, — Having on the 14tluif this month addressed a letter to you in the Munuiuj Ihrtild, to which I respectfully requested an aiswer; and not having one, or seen any notice of it from you in any of the public journals of the day, t am fearful you have not yet seen it. I therefore enclose you a co|)y, and respectfully beg you will be pleased to acknowleilge the rcct'ipl of the same. Allow me also to recpiest you will he so kind, after having carefully perused my figures and calculations, to answer the (|Hestion put — namely, wluit is sueh land worth to cultivate, at the lu-.-enl prices of agrienltui'al produce? Bv doing this you will not only olilige me, Init at the same time he doing an acl of justice to the tenant farmers of England. Your obedient servant, leklcloii, near Hafrun W'uhl.,,, Jan. -.'S. SAMl'I':!, JONAS. LEITEII III.— To Sa.muf.1, .;onas. Es(i. I.iinilnji, I'lhriitinj I, 18.50. SiK, — 1 never -ee the Mnihinij iltiuhl, .lud Uad 1 read yeui' lettei' it would not have iiidiiecil me to attempt to enter into a corresi)ondcnce with \ou. If 1 were to answer everv captious, critical, and abusive attack nuulc upon me, I ^hould have no tiuu for other and more useful occupations. One word, however, as to your own caM'. S'ou say vou farm 'JOOO aero, ^ly first lemark upon this is, that luiliss \our floating cajtital be in proportion — say from £"Jt),0()0 to -CoO, 0(1(1, ami your tuknts and energies be immensely beyond the average of agriculturists, your holding is too large. In my opinion one of the evil ellects of the Corn Laws has been to maki' farmers bid for more and more land, under the gambling excitement of oceasionid high prices, and who are not prepared with sutHcicnt capital to AwwA the consfantly-recmring >eason> of low ])riees, which follow frv>m a system of artificial restrictions. Whatever otlier results may fidlow fron> Free Trade in Corn, one thinu' i> certain — we ^hall have a steadier range of prices and fewer fluctuations ; and as a consc(|uence of this change, 1 hope to see farmers looking less- to an extensive hreadtli of land, and more to ctticient cultivation, with increased capital per acre. Supposuig even that yean' own ease mav be an exception, I am of opinion that, as a rule, farmei? who hold from 1 ,0()0 to 2,000 acres, will m future (hi better with half that (piantity of laiul. The very lie-t larmers I know (in the East Lothians), who hold their land upon grain rents, have not more than 400 acres. As respects your assertion that the lands of England are no longer worth cultivating extn if no rent or tithe were paid — depend on it the public will be verv incridulous about such stalemcnt> whil>t farnur- contin\ie to compete ayiuu.-it each other for everv vacant farm. 1 am. Sir, vour obedient servant, S. Jonas, Esq. " IIICIIAKI) COMDEX. Should you pu1ili~li this letter, pray (udilish the whole of it. LEITER I\-.-To UiciiAKu Coimii.N, Esu., M.I'. Sill, — I (juite agree with you that you woidd have woik enough if you were to imswer every captious, critical, and abusive attack made \i|ion you ; but i cannot consider my letter in the Ucnild of the 14th of Jaiuiary either captious or ahu?i\L. hut only a civil and re.-pcctful manner of asking for an answer to a (((Kstion put to you, and which I consider, as a tenaut-farmer, I was justified in putting; you having thought pro|)er, at the meeting at A\ lesbury, to tell the ])ublic and the tenant-farmers of England that to save themselves thev nnist make fresh arrangements with their landlords, and ilia', it was nothing- but a question of rent, — that vour tenants liaving complained to you lint, having hired yoiu' land calculating wheat at .)(!.-■. per ([uarter, aial it being now reduced to 40.'>'. per (juarter, they wished for a new arrangement, and to which ycui did agree, taking wheat at 40.>'. per ((Uarter as the basis of calculating rent, and thu^ proving that you [fully and lirnd\ beheved the ell'eets of free trade would be to keep wheat at or below 40.'.'. per r4 I il ' 3 4 <)uart r. In tlic kttcr ijiiblijlicd i:i tlic Munii/i'j fhrn/i/, of v liicl. I rnt yon a r()\iy, 1 provul tiMt llic dill'i n iico in vuluc of fiiviii produci' iit tlif prcsijiit moment, iiiul liiu value ou v.hich the lithe connniitiitiDii rent -clLirp' ^vii< luisi'd, was, on liuul I'iiirly (•ultiviitcd iuid fiirmcd on tlie t'oi"--roiirsc systriii— ni' wlifat, llj'.-.-. 1 if', per qiimtcr ; luirliy, 4s, Sil. ; oats, .").-•. lOr/. ; l)L'iins and pens, K,*. ])i'r qunitir ; and allowiii;^ foi' 'he dimini: In d cist of i;nidiiction in tiu" valni' of hoi-'-c coin and sci'din;,' tlic land, the lusseiicd vnhie ])cr aere nl the t;-i"i;n prodnce ol' a farm pnnhiciiiL'' foar iinartcr-s wheat, ,s'x (piarters liarlev, eight quarters oats, and four (|uarter> df beans and jieasi jar acre, was i;7.<. ^I'/. (ler acie ; theri'fovr, I contended, the land of Cnirland was no longer woiih cadtivation. liittle did I, in m\ simplicity of lii art, nnai;ine that wlien you snoke of your liberal conduct as a landlord, your estate, consisting of 144 acres, (lillaigraphed plans and particulars of which have been sent to mc) was ciini[i()Sed of i^^^a. L'r. ;)Gp. of woods and plantations; uw\ tliat your tenantry con'-isted of Mr. MilN, a miller, occupying undtr yon Jla. Jr. ISp., at a renta' of .-CJn per annum, and the other tenant \v; s Mr. Newell, u sliopkccper, oeeu])ying ."i'-'a. ;'>r. i. "!]>., at a rental of C2X I!).-; ])er annum ; so that vour liberality was coiitincd to a rent-roll of C4S lOs., and ."4 acres of land. Sir, I beg to repeat what I .-aid before. I knew the actual rent of your land, that the whole of the rental oi £4'> lO,*, paid you liy vour tenantry, is more than the land is worth at present jiriecs. 1 must again ask you to -tate honestly, if you dari do so, what in your conscience you believe such laud worth to rent at present jn'ices of agricultural producr : i tell yon, in the faec of all {"aiLdand, \'ou dare not answer the (piestion honestly. IJut, Sir, your rei^'n of huuiliag i^ nearlv over. a iniiy v, lull il ■:\v. tiK' v:ill! ■■'.■:<\ lirii-.-' ■ I'I'a liiui" i'uV the (|uestion is not t such land is wortli as accommodation land to the milier aci shopkeeper, iiut what 1 e.^-arc you, yai had ^ell any part, or at anv public that \(ii;, or any it Is worth to a tenant to octaipy for a livelihood at the )'i-esent price.-- of airricaltural prodia Now, in regard to your letter to me, you ask me, if I publish it, to pa'.ilisii the whole. iH) need to have asked mc to do so, as I am too anxious a searchi r after truth to have supnn time to Liivc a garbled statement. In my letter, 1 tldid^ 1 put the case so fairly before tin other person, cannot say it was unfairly put or overdrawn. Vou state that you never sic the Muniiiiij llcn^hl — allow me to say, I wi-h y Is nilci/iiiij uii t/ir iiidiislrioiis /ir':ii'iiciiitj a'/i.i.-ry of this countrv would touch vour feelings ("if yon have any), and n.ake you reflect on the miserv and di-tress your fiee-trado sy-tem is producing. Instead of answering the sna|>le (|e.i--tion ])ut by nu', " What is laml worth to rent at pn-i nt j rices of farm produce!" vou ]h irin b\ tclliiig nic th.it my business is too large i\,v nie. Is it consistent in you, 1 •vould ask, to se' bounds to the energies of anv num ? Kurelv I nm.-t be the best jiulgc of my own energies and capabilities ef managing such a concern. Hut allow me to say tlia.t •2,(100 acre s of arable land lying in one scju.ire mass, i'e;;s!.-;ii-.';- nf only ten fields, ma\' hi- as casilv managed as the size you fix as the standard of our capabilities (viz., -lOl: acres i-i the T.olhians). A personal matter of this kind can be no business o( yours, ll may be, and no doubt is. uion- eunvcnient for you to attack the si-/e of mv holding than to answer the plain aiul -inijile cpastion put by mc. ^ on al.-o consider that unless I have a capital of from £-2O,()00 to £."iO,()(IO [ have nut sutlicient fer my business. 1 wonder wlmt Mr. .Marshall, of Leeds, would say, if I was to tell him his business was so extensive that he ciuld not properly sunerintenil so many mill-, and, in addition, j'roperly caltivate his farm in Sunken Island., < a the banks of the lUuaber; W'l.al would .Mr. Ciregire sav, if I informed him lb; !, in my opinion, he had no right to cultivate a large farm in llertt'ordsbirc, and have a iargi factory in Cheshire r And ho\ • they would wonder at my presumptieii if I told them tla-y n (pii'e(i such and .such an amount of caeital, and luat tone of your cotton lord- had half suHicient ea|)it;d prepc riv to managi' vour concerns ; and that if lluv had, they would have had no oecasieii in 1N47, to have given iVom 8 to '.'5 per ecu!, to get ijills iliscotmted I I'arniers' capital is real capital — tlie capital of cotton lords is fictitioi.--, b.iscd upon credit, conducted by a bill system. Hut, Sir, what', ver may he the si/c of cuu' holdings, we have iK\.r vlI by laii luu>h trciilnu'ut of our lab(jurers, comiielled the legislature to pass laws to protect the people from oin' oppression, as your friends have done. As I endeavour to keep cerret t accounts, and take stock every year, for your inlormatioii I beg to say that on doing' -o last Michaehe.as niv capital on three farms amounted to £22,070 Itlj*. (! Cis. 'Jd. worth of artificial manures, liv so doing I have considerably increased tne jiroducc of the land, and immensely so the demand for labour; but what must I do now to protect mv priipertv ? Why, suspend oper.itioiis, iis the price of produce will not compensate for the oullav. You sav as respects mv a-seilion " th.it the h-rnds of England are no longer worth cultiv;iting, even if no r( lit or tithe were paid," that the juiblie will b.^ very incredulous about such statements whilst farmers Cfa.iinue to conqu'te ugain-t each other for everv farm ut present rents. I must cordiallv agree uitli vou in that observiilion. Hut, .Sir, the time will inoii' speedily than you can contemiilatc or believe arrive, when, if the result of a continuation ef free trade i- to lower prices oi agricultural jiroduce to their present value, or, as 1 fear, below them, — then. Sir, vou will find my assertion cturect, that men will not be found so fool-hardy ;is to attemjit to cultivate land in England. 1 must again beg you will honestly, if you dare do so,, answer me, what are the lands of Enghuul v.orih to rent at piX'scnt jiriees of agriculluial produce, which has lessened the annual value of such iiroilucc 27.<. '^il. I'.er acre .^ That i- a plain and siaiple (piestion; but it may not suit your purpose honestly and candidly to admit that the reduction in the value of (uir jiroducc is nunc than the rent, tithe, luul rates. 1 beg leave also to submit for y(Mir certain perus;il the opinion fi one Richard Cobilen, when iigitatine: for a n'[)eal of the corn laws, and to dr;iw ytair ;ittenliou to the cool miumer in wliieh the said person denies what le. utlerid in the presence of tluui-ands ;md tens of thousands of living witnes-es. 'I'lie said individual must -nrely have the b' -t reu'ard for his trood elunaeter of ;uiv livini:' man ; — I ' I. Mr. ConuKN, hrforc Free Trade. I. — 1. "Willi fret' triule, tin- laiulloril mifflit olitain as Mi'cii UKNT, jii'iliiii).'*, as lie jfot now." — Cubden, Lcugue Circular, Jim. MUh, 1843. 'J. "Thi- liiiidlords will (with free triule) have iiKTTKii IIKNT8." — Cobdeit, ibid, Jan. iMh, 1843. ;). " / don't bclicvv «'<• should titkc aiii/ titiiuj from tlio aristomiry. Give us a free trade, and la.s'd will iiK AS vALi-AiiLK AS IT IS NOW." — Cobdeu, ibid, Feb. •_>8M, IS4;!. 4. " 1 don't mean to sny, tlie landowners will not get AS (iOon KKNTS WITH A FllKK TUADK AS fllKY iiAVK NOW WITH Mcj.Noi'OLY." — Cobdeii, ibid, ^ept. •_>(;//(, 184;!. 5. " If wc have free trade, the landlords will have AS GOOD nKNTs AS NOW." — Cohdeii, Sprfc/i in the House of Commons. — Ibid, May 15/A, 1S43. II. — 1. " I believe that hind teniild uk moke vauiadle in this country if you had at once an entire abolition of the corn laws."— Coi > f>^ 1 r> fc ^^ o