IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I •^ 1^ III 2.2 m Hi lino i& 1.25 1.4 1.6 < 6" - ► $k m ^>. ^' Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WIISTH.N.Y. MSIO (716) •7a-4S03 iV iV ^ LO^ \^ 4^ V* "o ;\ V"Q CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inttituta for Historical MIcroreproductiont / Institut Canadian da microraproductions histcriquas Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain the beat original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may altar any of the imaiges in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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L'Institut a microfilm^ la meiileur exemplaire qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-4tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithoda normale de fllmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pagea da couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommag Your Royal " rrotedioti I might ferVeasGuidetoyour Subje%, tb Carry intb thofe Parts the Light 0f the Golpel^ knd the Fame of ypiir Ha- rpical VirtuesT My Name wouli be bli^fti^d amongrt thoft numerous N^- ti6ns,who live without Laws andRe-? ligion, only becaufe no body endea- n\k Vours mSikPN^, vours to inl^utt tfem: -4iK^ would have the Hap^ineS^ of IHh| converted to the Chriftiarf Faith, an^ theAdvantageof feeing at the fame time their Fiercenefs and rude Man- ners^foftned and civilized, by the Gom^ nierce of a Polite and Generous Na^ tion, ruled by the mod Magnaili^ mbus King m thp World. This Enterprize is worthy of Your Ma jetty, who never frames but No- ble Defigns, and purfues them with fuch a Prudence and Vigour, that thejr are always crown'd with a Glorious Succefs. • :; ■ ' I dare not prefume td give here a particular Account of what Your Majeftys unparalleU'd Valour and Prudence have done for the Felitity of England^ Scotlandy and Ireland^ and the Inited Provinces ; the happinefs of youi? ipgdoms^ and the Mildnefs of Youi? Majefty's Government, proclaim that Truth to all the World, as alfo the Tranquility of. the Vnitsd Nethet^ h \ lands^ p i /^iK^i, atpidft ?i dreadfiil) War, which r^v^e^ v^ f%x^ of M^r^. Your Mfjeftj djifpve teck a fprmidable Ewmy , ivhp had pen^traeed into iheir very Hwrt, and k^epshimfincc At fuch 9 ^ijlsnce, that they have no^ thitig to %r from bii Ambitious Det. The reft of Murgpe^ is no lefs inde-^ t)te4 tQ Yppr Majefty than your own Kingdoms ^nd the VnM Netliferhmds ; fi^r Your Majefty f xgofes every Year your Life, at the Head of your Ar* mteand theirs, to p'oteft their Coun*- try and prelerve their Liberties from 9 fy\d\ Invaiion. The j^Wies know and pwn with Gratitude, That Your Ma^ j^y's Prudence, and the great Re- fpe^ which fo many Princes have for youi? Perfonal Merit, are the only Get ment that was able to maintain the C^reat Alliance^ in which Europe is entered for it« Prefervation. Your MajjBfty's Glorious Atchiev^* mentfi being a Theme above my Pen, . I [imuft not prefume to fpeak of them ; jhut my Religion obliges me to men* Ition what I have fecn with my owii , Eyes, and publifli to alltheWorkf^ That 1 have feen yotir Majefty Pre- ferving^ with the utmoft C^re, Cktr ^Churches in the Netherlands^ whik Others^ who, by a Principle of Gon- fcience , were obligM to Protedl them, left them exposed to the Info- lence of their Soldiers, violating in the face of the Sun the Refpeft all Chriftians owe them. It is this great Generofity and Equi- ty of your Majefty^ as much as your other Incomparable Exploits, which have gain'd you the Efteem and the Hearts of all Ghriftian Frinces, one alone excepted; and have engaged the King of Spain my lawful Sove- reign, the moft Catholick Prince in the World, to make fo ftrift an Alli-^ ance with Your Majefty. That Great Monarch being too re- giipte from the Netherlands to defend hi^ ^ TotheKJMG, his? Dominioqs, has found in Your iS^Iajefty a . JfaLliant and: Trufty De- fender ; who being feconded by the ^n vincible Ekftor of Bavaria^ pro- te^s the S^an$fl) Dominions againft a Frince, who makes all poffible Ef- forts to deprive his Catholick Majefty thereof, notwithftanding their Proxi- mity of Blood, and his profefling the fame Religion. .. His Catholick Majefty having therefore fo often experienced, that Your Majefty's Royal Word is more firm than otjfier Princes Treaties and Solemn Oaths^ could not alfo but leave his Dominions to your Dif- pofal ; (hewing by that unparalleli'd Piece of Truft, how much .he relies upon your Majefty's Honour, and what Efteem he has for your Royal yertues, which are mixed with nq manner of Imperfeftiops, I don't queftion but many out of Envy or Malice, will blanie me for f qtruig into Your Ma jefty 's Service ] but To the KIN Gil v •but I care very little for what they faf, fince it is bj the Permiflion of his Ca- thplick Majefty, the Eleftor of h5^<«- ria^ and the Superiours of my OMer. Idefign to keep the Integrity of my Faith, and ferve faithfulfy the Great Monarch who has horidur'd me with his Royal Proteftion. I owe my Services to the Generous Proteftor of my Country, and of our Altars, who befides has fo kindly received me at his Court, while other Princes negleft- ed me, or forbad me their Prefeoce, It is then out of Gratitude, that I devote • niy felf to Your Majefty!s , Service, and in order to contribute to the Convetfion of the feyeral Nations I have difcover'd, and to the Advan- tage of your Subjefts, if they, will improve this Opportunity, and make Plantations in a Country, which is fo fertile , as to afford two Crops every Year. The Gentleman with whom I be- gan this Difcovery^ had form'd great Defigns, V ntUKJNO: DeGgns, and efpecially upon th^ Mines of St. Uarbe in New Mexico; but his Tragical Death prevenited thdr Execution. I humbly befeech your Majefty, to accept this Fublick Mark of n^ Refpefl: and Gratitude j having pray a the Almighty for the Prefenration of Your Sacred Majefty's Perfon, and the Profperity of your Reign, I beg leave to fubfcribe my lelf, with pit the Submitlion and Refpedt imsi« ginable, SIR, t Tour MA ]ESr Ys ' Af^ jyi^w^/?, moft Faishfuly and Mofi Obedient Servant^ F. Louis Hennepin;^ i r ■ p ■tab THE C PREFAGE TT Fr^fent here the Reader mthjhe Firft Pitrt 1 of the Aceottfa of the Voyage I made from the Tear 1679, to the fur 1682, in the Northern America; in »hich I difiover^ds Country^ unknown hefort me^ as large or iar^ ger thanEuxQ^ I had refihed long ^0 to' oblige the Pullick mth it\iut ny Refolution was prevented hy fime Reajbns^ which it would be too long to relate. * ' STw truifj I Fublifhed fart cf it in the Tear 1684, in nty Account of Louifiania; Pointed 4^ Paris h Order of the French KJ>% \ ^*^ JiP4/ then obtigedto fay nothing of the Courfe of the River M efcllafipi, ftom the Mouth ^f the River of ^/rr Illinois down to the SeOy for fear of dijobligin^ M. la Salle , with whom I iegan my Di/covery, This Gentleman would alone have the Glory of having difcovered the Courfe of that Ri» ver : But when he heard that I had done it two Tears before him, he could never for* give me f though, as Jhdve faid, I was fa mo* *, • ^ deft 7-» ?l! "V^'-t The P R E F A CE/ defi as to fubliftf nothing of it. This w the true iaufe of his Malice againji me^ and of all the harlarous Vjkge 1 have met with in France ; fvhich they carryeei fo far^ astooh^ lige the Marquis c'e Louvbis to command me tox eiefart th ^jf^nch I^i^g^s- Dominions i^ fvfjieh I '^didi will$*^^^hmgh\ 1^ faw f^fficiml Qrotmds'to Mieve fhi Order*-wds forged aftef ~ MonfieurAQhouyokrvaspead, ^,. •TO \Reafons of that violeik Order^ were^ becauje I refuledto return in^ to 4rneiica; wher^ I had been already Ete-^ ven Tears ; thoti^h the particular Latvs of our Order oblige none of us to go beyond-Sea a-* gainjl their Willy ' I ipould Mtye however, returned" very nHHingly^ had I not Ji^cien^ fy known the Malice of M. la Salle^ rvho would have exfofed nte^ to make me ferifb^' as he did one of the Men rvho accomfanyed me in my Difcovet^, God knows , that t ■\ for that Gentleman was ~killed by .,,. ^ Meri^ who were at lajl fenfible that he exf^ed them to vijible Danger s^ without any Neceffity^ and for his private Utfigns, ' ^ ;'/ tfrefented jomeiime after A Petition id the Irench KJ^gy ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ Encamped at Harlemont in Bral-mnt, fetting forth my Services y and the Jnjuftice of my Enemies j ^ut that Prince had fo many jiffairSy • ' that X y ^ > return //i* ^The PREFACE. \thst^ J'fyffofiy they hfndi^^ him frhfn'zclt' iftdering my VeHtkn\ md [o I €cuU chtMn no Sathf action. I cent trued fmte at Gcffe- liers und Aetli; and jufi-as tkty ^trt rhi- fing ^another Ferfecuticn tfgi^nfi ^e, , hy Order of His m^ jefiy^ mote a Letter to Father Payez , G^ neral Commiffary" of our Order ^t Lcirrain, to dtfire him to give me leave to go Miffio- nary into America, and to continue in dm of the United \ Provinces ^ till 1 had dige- fied iuto Order the Memoifes ^ wy D^ covery. This General Commiffiuiy being inf^^r^ med, that the K,ing of Spaing and the EJtT £ior of Bavaria eonfented that 1 jhould enter int& the Service of His Maje/h. of Great Britain, granted me what i difired , ^and fent me to Antwerp, to take there in our Convent a Lay-Habit ; and from thence. I went into Holland, having receivedfome Mo* ney from Mr. Hill, hy, Order of Mr. Blath- wait. 1 deftgned to live at Amfterdam for fome time ; but fome Reajons obliged me to go to Utrecht, where I fimjhed the Firft Volume of the Account of my Difcovery which I fjofe will frove advantagicus to Europe , ana \ Thfe ?REf ACE. HtfW ^Jfeeidlfy to the Englifb NMkn'y tp mkpfi Service I emirefy Devote my fiift JcMnnot fiS^ie^tly Mckntiwkdge the Fifvottri ^ Mr, Blathwait, v^o hus fo genefoujh frovidedfor my Sukfifiencey ^and did i»f imi Mmour to frtfent me to tbt M^efty otfore Hit Departutt for £ngknd« J sm dffo ve* fy much obliged to theT^^keof Oxmo^A, and ihe Edrt df Athlone, for the Civilities t hxve Received from them: They hdve often admitted me to their Tdhle^ a»d grditted jevt-^ tal ProteSiioHs in Flanders ufon my Recom'* mendations* I hope the Reader will be fUifed with the Account cf my Difcfivefy ; not for the Fine-* nefs of the LMguagey 4nd the Nobleneff cf the E^fnffon^ but only ufon Account of its Imfartancej and of the Sincerity rvhere* with ^tis ipritten. The Bookfeller has added s Mafy and fame other CuttSj which are an Ornament to ihe Booky a^d very ufeful for the better underfianding of itt THE 3. \ ^■iUU I *he CoNTiyiT s of tiie Ch a p V -1 HE dcca/ton of^tftdertdhhg tins Voyagi. ) Chap. I . T^hc Motives which engaged tht-AiiXhor Tfthii Difioveryto HftderUke the f^dyage^ vc^ireof y^ have %ere a Relation, .''>:.;: . j >hap. 2. The memi by which the Author accufiMdhini" felf to endure the Travel and Fatigue of his laborioiti Mljfion. ~ -^* IChap.3 . A Defcriftion ofthofe Canbiis that they make ufe of in the Summer-time in America^/or the coni/emeh'cy df Travelling. > Chap. 4. Other Motives that induced the Author more I forcibly to undertake this Difcovery, Chap. 5. A Defcriftion of Fort Catarokouy, catPdJmct forr Frontenac. • ' [Chap. (^. A JDefcription of fame Frejh-water Lakes^ the fridtefi and the fleafantejt in the Vnivtrfe. ■ * |Cliap.7.-<4 Defcriftion of the fall of the River Niag^ra/W is to hefeen betwixt the Lakt Ontario and that o/Eriei ICh'dp. 2. A Defcriftion of the Lake Zt'U. '»»' \Ch2i^. 9' A Defcriftion of the Lake iiUTOn, /• jChap. 10. A Defcriftion of the Lakt called by the^aiia-^ ^«lllinduackv'»»^^f^f French, Illinois. IChap. 1 1 j> AjJjort Defcriftion of the Vffer Lake: [Chap. 12. What is the Predominant Genius of the Inha^ bitants of Canada. [Chap. I ^A Defcriftion of my firfi JmbarkrHent inaCdnoH at Qjiebec, the Cafital City / Anian j and that Japan is on the fame Contin^t as LGuililhai - ^ . Chap. 58. 'The Iflati ajfembletoimtft the Wtld-BHlL Rt- .fnfal of the two CanoH^Men to take the j4nthor into their CanoH^in order togodoivnthe River of St. "Francis. ' - Chap. 59. The Savages hidt^above the rati of St. Anthony 0/ Padua. They are ftreighten^d ffr Pr'ovtfionsV The Author., w/V/? Picard, returnsto the River Q\x\Xcoxi^m. The jidventnres of the Voyage. .* iOnv.r ^■:h\ Chap. 60. The Hunting of the TortoifelThe Authors Q- noH is cdrrfd ojfby a Sudden blafi of Wind^ tchich^^ like to have rednc^d hii^ and his Companions to (rrvat Str eights, > ) Chap. 61. We continue our Courfe in fearch of the Rikjer OUiiCoaiin. Aquipaguetinji;?^/ hs 4nd gets thither ie^* fore HS. Wefahfift meerh by Providence. \ . - • Chap. 62. Great Streights which the Jimhor andhisCom^ panion are reduced to in their Voy^e. They at tafi meet again with the Savages- M their retHrnfroin Hunting, Chap. 53. The Savages-Women hide their Provijions up and down ifi private Holes. They go doxpn the River again afecond time. • Adefrefs ofth^ Stages. Bravery of one (^ the Savages ^ ' Chap. 614. Arrival of the Sieur du Luth in our Camp. He defires us to return with him and his followers to tht Country of the IfTati and Nadoueflians. Jcafi my Co^ verlet over a dead Man. Th^ Savages are fkaCd at it. Chap. 65. The Author takes his leave of the Savages to> return to Canada. A Savage is [lain by his Chiefs for advifing to kill w. Difpftte between the Sieur du Luth and me^ about the Sacrifice of Barbarians. Chap. 66. The Sieur du Luth is in a great Coriflernation at the Ajpearance of a Fleet of the Savages^ rvho fur prized us before ive were got into the River Ouifconlin. Chap. 67. The Author^s Voyage fromthe Aiomh of thf ^iver Ouifconfin, to the great Bay of the fuais. 13 3 CHAP. The p<5ntcats of the Chapters. Cbap. 62» 'tht Author smd hit Conifmiy fay fometiin$^\ m^igfi thi Vxuaas, OrigittMlof the Nsime* TheyceUA brnfidthi Mdfshite^ 4iflriiMVfr^4rMi(rilimakinak, Chap. (J9. The j1uthor*s Dtfdrture fhm Mifljiimaki«| jisk»Hej^estwogre0t LakeJ,TaiingofaGre4t BearA • SMUfayticuiars relating to the Flejh of that Beaft, Chap. 70. The meeting of the AMthor and a certain'Cap'. tain of the Outtaouads, nam^d T^loQ bv the Inten- 1 ' dant ofihat Name upon the Lakeof Enc^ whore^l cohntsto him tnans Advemaresofhis Fanulf and Na-^ tion. Further Obfervations ttfon the great FaA or Cata» \ rail ofl^iagtrsi. | Omp. 7 1 . T»r Author fets out from the Fm which is at \ the Month of the River Niagara, and obliges the Iro- quois ajfembled in Coancil^ to deliver itp tht Slaves they \ hadmadeufontheQnttmvmSt% ^'Cliap. 72f The Author fets one from the Tfonno^fouans j IroqvLois^ and comes to Fdrt^TOS^teaj^C. » Chap. 73.' The Author fets oitt from Fort VronteoSLCjaHdl \ f^es9verthe r^id Stream^ which is ca0^dThx\ong\ Fall. //« it kindfy received at Montreal by Cotmt \ . Frootcnac. I Chap. q^A great Defeat ofthe}Xl\sms^ha$w.mattacVd\ andfrrprisced bythelroqjixlace themfelves, and perfevere to fuffer air wfch B 4 Pleaiure r/i T^ ^ A MAP l/>.,,/ijfl|#of a Lat-gp Country. in the ro&THERN America" Jtttt-Ated beth'^en l\\ New Mejcico *** ^4nd thf Ffi>x.cn Sea _ t 'g-rlher with the Coiufe] ot'the Great Rivet- .U £ s c .\\< sn^P:* ^ -Peel u-a led tolnaMaTr William hi I A'ui.> -'t' C-rcat Iritijin ' By Fhthcr 2 ^ A NerpfDifcjovery of Pleafurc in that they hope to contribute thereby both to the publick Good, and to the Glory of God, while at the fame time they are gratifying their own natural Inclinations ^ and hence it is, they are fo powerfully bent to make thefe Diifcoveries, to feek out ftrangc Cdunme«5 and unknown Nations; where- of they had never before heard. Thofe whofe Aim yi undertaking Voyages, is to enlarge the Bouvids of Ghrilt's Kingdom , and ad- vance the Glory of Ciod,'do upofi tW Profpefl^ a- lone valiantly vcntiii^e their Lives, waking em' of no Account. They endure the greateft Fatigues, and traverfe the moft uhpaffable Ways and horrid Pre-r cipices, in order to the Execution of their Defigns \ being pufh'd on by the Hopes they entertain of Pro- 1 moling by tlicfc means the Glory of him who crea- ted 'cm, nnd under whole Condud they undertake | fuch toilfome Voyages. ' •> ',.> ;-,r;;»jrA) .iC\\! It's ufual to feefome imdaunted Men boldly en- counter the mofl frightful of Deaths, both in Bat- tles and in dangerous Voyages : They are fi|ch a§ are liot difcouraged by all the Hazards that furround Vm pjthcr by Sea or Land^ nothing being able to witlilland the Valour and Courage that prompts 'em to attempt any thing. Therefore is it, that we oft- times fee 'em fuccced in obtainii^ their Defigns, and comp^fling their moll difficult Enterprizes. Yet it's to be acknowledg'd, that if they took a ferious Vic'.v before hand, of the Perils they're about to (encounter, and confider'd 'em in cold Blood, they would perhaps find Difficulty to perfuade thcmfelves into fuch refolute Thoughts j at leafi, they would not form their Defigns after fuch a daring and fearlefs rnanncr. But generally fpeakiujg, they do not furvey their Dangers belbrehaad, any^otherwifc than by the Lump, and with a tranficnt VieW ^ and having once fct their Hands to the Work, Occafion engages 'em infenlibly, and entices 'cm further on than they cou*d have bclicv'd at firil. Infomuch that many ' m^ ot .', a I • bute thereby jlory of God, ing their own they are fo eries, to feek itionsj where- ''oyagcs, is to om , and ad- t Profpeft^ a- laking 'era' of | Fatigues, and 1 horrid Pre- heir Defigns'j irtain of Pro- im who crea- ley undertake '$ m boldly en- ^^ both in Bat- * e fqch a§are hat fufround 3eing able to prompts 'em that we oft- eir Defigns ^ srprizes. Yet ^)ok a ferious ^'re about to Blood, they de thcmfelves they would g and fearlefs To notfurvey c than by the having once eilgages 'em than they that many o? n I a Large Country in America. f^ of the great Difcoveries owing to Voyages, are rathejr the Refult of Chance; th'an any well form'^d Defign. •' Something of the fame Nature has happen'd td my felf in the Difcovery I now bring to Light. I was from my Infancy Very fojjd of Travelling ; and my natural Curiofity induc'd me to vifit many Parts of SHrope one after another. But not being Sa- tisfied with that, I found my felf inclin'd to eriter-» tain more diftant Profpe(fts, and was eager upon fee- ing renioter Countries and Nations that had not yet been heard of j and in gratifying this natural Itch, was I led to this Difcovery of a vaft and large Coun- try, where no European ever was before my felf. '■ 'Tis true indeed, I could not forefee the Emba- rafTmg Difficulties and Dangers I mufl of necefljty encounter with in this my painfull Voyage. Nay, perhaps the Very Thoughts of 'em might have dif- courag'd and fcar'd me from attempting a Defign fo laborious and toilfome, and environ'd with fuch rightful Difficulties. But maugre all thefe Difcou- gements, IVe at length perfected my Defign, the ,llndertaking of which was enough to frighten any other but my felf. In which I've fatisfy'dmy De* fires, both in regard to the curiofity I had to fee new Countries, and ftrange Faces; and alfo upon the Account of my Refblution to employ and dedicate my felf, to the Glory of God and the Salvation of Souls. Thus it was that Idifcover'd a wonderful Country never known till now ; of which I here give an am- ple. Defcription; and fas I think) circnmftantiated enough : It being divided into fevcral fmall Chap* ters, for the Convcnicncy of the Reader. 1 hope the Publick will return mc Thanks ibr my Pains, becaufe of the Advantage that may accrue to it by the flimc. However the World's A])probLition (hall fufficicntly recompcnfe all the Trouble and Dangers I've gone through. I am not infenfible of the Rcflciftions I fhall meet with from fuch as never dar\l to travel thcmfelves or 4 A New Difeomer) of' or never read the Hiftorics of the Curions ^d brave, who have given Relations of the ftran^er Countries they have taken upon them to fee; I doubt lidt but that fort of Cattle wiU account of this nay Difcovery as being falie and incredible. But what tliey fay (hall not trouble me much : They them- ^Ives were never Mafters of the Courage and Va- lour which infpires Men to undertake the glorious Enterprizes that gain 'cm Reputation in the World, being confined within narrow Bounds , and want-* ing a Soul to atchieve any thing that can procure 'em a diftinguifliing and advantageous Charader a- moug Men. It were better therefore for llrch to admire what they cannot comprehend, and reft fa* tisfy'd in a wife and profound Silence, thatf thus foolilhly to blame Vvhat they know nothing of. Travellers are generally accus'd of venting an In- finity of Lyes and Impoftures : But Men of a mag- nanimous anii film Courage are above fuch fiUy Railleries: For when they've don« all to blacken our Reputation, we fliall ftill receive for our Reward, the Efteem and Approbation of Men of Honour^ who being endow'd with knowing and penetratinR Souls, are capable to give an equal and impartial Judgment of Travels, and of the juft Merit of Ihch as have hazarded their Lives for the Glory of God, and the Good of the Publick. It is this happy and agreeable Rccompence that makes the daring . Tra- vellers fo valiantly expofe themfelves to all manner of Fatigues and Dangers, that by fo doing, they may become ufcfuU to Mankind. ••— » . C H A P. I. 'Tlie Afotives vphichenga^d the Anthor of this Difcovery t§ Hndertake the Voyage ^whereof you have here a Relation, Always found in my felf a ftrong Inclination to retire fron> the World, and regulate my Life ac- cording I ^ A Large Countty m America. 5 cording to the Rules of pure and fcvere Virtue : and« in compliance with this Humour, I enter'd into the rrMcifam Order, defigning to confine my felf tb aa fluftere Way of Living. I was over-joy'd then, wh^a I read in Hiilory the Travels and Voyages of the Fa*- thersof my own Order, who indeed were the Firft that undertook Miflions into any ftweign Country. And oft-times reprcfented to my felf, that therecouM be nothing greater or more glorious than to inftrudk the Ignorant and Barbarous, and lead 'em togthe light of the Gofpel ; andliaving remarked, that the Francifiam hadbchav'dthemfelvesin thisWork, with agreat deal of Zeal and Succcfs, I found this begat in my Mind aDcfireof tracing their Footfteps, and dedicating my felf after their Example, to the Glory of pod, 1 and the Salvation of Souls. \ In reading the Hiftory of our Order, I obfcrv'd, tiiat in a general AflTembly held in the Year 1621. it Lwas reckon'd, that lince the firft going of the Reve- Irend Father Martin de Valence (one of our firft Refor- fmers) into Anerita, there hid been five hundred CoA- I vents of RecoUeAs,. eftabliih'd in that New World, I and diftributed into Two and twenty Provinces. As ! I advanc'd in Years, this Inclination to travel did lb [much the more fix it felf in my Mind. It is true, %NiR of my Sifters that was marry'd at Gbme, and j whom I lov'd very tenderly, did diffiiade me from my Defign as much as fhe could,^ and never ceas'd to re« doable her Solicitations to that purpofe, while I had occafira to ht with her in that Great City, whither I had gone to learn the Dutch LanguagCL: But being foli- f:ited on the other hand, by many of my Friends at y^w* ij^erdawy to go to the Eajt-InSes^ my natural Inclina* rtion, join'd to the Influence of their requcih, did 'move me much, and liad almoit detcimin'd mcto undertake a Sea-Vo;age. ■•^•' -K Seeing then that all the Rcmonftrances of my Sifter ^ould notdifluade me from Travelling, I firft under* iopka Journey vaXoItMly^ and iij Obedience to the C)rdei:s ■'■It • h K ^1 6 ANewDifcoveryof Orders of mySupcriour, vifitcd all the great Chur* ches, and mod Confiderable Convents of our Ofder^ both in that Country, and in Germany ^ which did in Ibme mcafure gratifie the Curiolity of my Temjpcr. But having rcturn'dto the Netherlands^ the Reverend Father ^iZ/Mw //mW, lateBifliopof/pr^j, manifeftr ed his averfenefs to the Reiblution I had taken of continuing to travel, by detaining me in the Gon>- veiic ofHailts'm Haimult^ where I was oblig'd to peri- form the OJice of Preacher for a Year. After which, with theconfent of mySupcribur, I went into the Country of Arteis^ from whence I was fent to Ca^ Uis^ to aft the part of a Mendlcam there in time of Hcrring-ralting. ^ - •: , Being there, I waB-psffionately in love with hear* ing the Relations that Mafters of Ships gave of, their .Voyages. ' Afterwards I return'd to our Convent at Sitz.^ by the way oi Dunkirk: But I us'd oftrtimes; to loilk benind the Doors of Vidualling-Houfes, to hear the Sea-nien give an Account of their Adv.enr tures. The Smoak of Tobacco was offenfive to me, ,and created Pain in my Stomach, while I was thus •intent upon giving ear to their Relations : But foi: all I Was very, attentive to the Accounts tliey gave of ' their Encounters by Sea, the Perils they had gone through, and all the Accidents which befell them ia their long Voyages. This Occupation was fb agree- able and engaging, that I have fpent whole Days and Nights at.it without eatings for hereby I always, came to under Hand fome new thing, concerning the Cuftoms and Ways of Living in remote Places ^ and concerning the Pleafantncfs, Fertility, and Riches of the Countries where thefe Men had been* t^r.S This confirm'd me more and more in my former Rcfolution ^ and that I might advance it yet further, I went Millionaryjnto moll part of the Towns of| Holland:, and ftopp'd at length at Maftreicht ^ for eight Months together, where I adminilter'd the Sa« craraciits to above Three thoufaud wounded Men: befell them ia 4 Ldrge Comiry^ America. f which Occupation I vcrittir'd many Daiigers ong the Sick People, being taken ill boiii of a potted Fever and a Dyfenterie, which brought mc ery low, and near unto Death ; But God alt length '€llor'd me to my former Health, by the Care and/ elp of a very skillfull i>«rc/; Phyfician. The fingular ' Zeal I had for promoting the Good f Souls, engag'd me the Year following to be prc- ent at the Battle oi Semffit^ where I was bufied ia Iminiltring Comfort to the poor wonrided Men : ill at length, after having cndur'd all manner of atigue and Toil, and having run the rifque of ex- reme Dangers at Sieges of Towns in the Trenches, nd in Fields of Battle, ("where I never ceas'd to ex- ofe my felf for the good of Mens Souls) while efe Bloody Men were breathing nothing but Slaugh- er and Blood, I happily found my fdf in a condi- iod t6 fatisfie my firft Inclination : For I then re- iv'd Orders from my Superiours to go for Rochtl^ in rder to embark in Quality of Mifllonary for Canada, Vithin Two Leagues of that City I perform'd the unction of a Curate near two Months j being invi- ed fo to do by the Paftor of the Place, who had occa- ion to beabfent from his Charge. But afterwards I to- ally refign'd my felf to the Providence of God, and bc- un a Voyage of Twelve or Thirteen hundred Leagues ver,and perhaps the greateft that can be made by Sea. I embark'd in the Company of Mr. Francis de La- dy created then Bifhop or Petree in fartibus Infideli- w, and fince the Bifhop of Quebec^ the Capital City of Canada \ and now my Inclination to travel increas'd more and more: Yet I ftaid In that Country four Years, and was fcnt thence in Miffion, while the Abbot of r • ' :v7,prefent Archbilhop oiCambray refided there. I Ihall not here recount the feveral Adventures of our Voyage, nor the Flights we were engag'd in with the Ships of Turkey ^ Tnni^^ and Algiers^ who attem- pted feveral times to havt taken us \ but without fuc- cefs. Nor Ihall I Itay to relate our Approach to Ga;>r- Brtton^ r I 1^ r A Nmiyifttmery of Bret0fty where we beheld with incredible Delight j the Battle ordinarily fought betwixt 'the Fiflies call'd, Effddoni and the Whales, their Mortal Enemies ^ nei-> ther am I to detain tny Reader with an Account c^ what valt Quantities of Fifh we took at Forty Fa- thom Water, upon the Great Bank of Nevo-fumd" Land \ or what gi eat Qumbers of Ships we rencoun- tred with, that were bound thither from different Nations to fiih in thefe Places, which afford fuch in- finite Numbers of all manner of Fiflies. Thefe di- verting fights were very agreeable to all our Crew, which was then d)out an Hundred Men ftrong, to threej^ourths of whom I adminifl:red the Sacraments, they being Catholicks. I perform'd likewife Divine Service every Day while the Weather was calm \ and wefungthe Itinerray of the Clergy, tranflated into French Verfe, after the Evening Prayers. Thus we fweetly pafs'd our Time a-board 'till at length we.arf ived at ^^r,the Capital Oty oiCanadiu C H A P. U. The Means by which the Author accufiom'd himfelf to en* dure the TravdU and Fatigue of his iaborioHS Miffion* MR, Francis de Laval^ Bifliop of Petree^ having taken pofTeffion of the Biftioprick of Qnebec^ which was conferr'd upon him by Pope Clement X« and that contrary to the Sentiments ot many Pcrfttas of Q>iality, who, by means of his Preferment, were fruftrated of their own Pretenfions : This Reverend I'relate (I fay) having taken into confidcration the Fervency of my Zeal in Preathing the Gofpel in ray Voyage, my afliduous Diligence in performing Di- vine Service, and the Care I had taken to binder the Young Fellows of our Crew from keeping loofe Company with the Women and Maids that can^ along with us (for which I had oft tim«» been r«>- warded a Ldfge Coutrtrym America. f warded with Anger and Hatred O thefeReafbns and fuch like, pro(;urM me the favour and Applanlc of this lUuftrious Prelate, he oUiging me to Preach i(i A^tnt and Ltnt to the Cloifter of St, Mgufiine ia theHofpitalof Quebec, But in the mean while, all this did not latisfie mf natural Inclin^ion : I usM oft-times to go fome Twenty or Tnirty Leagues off the Town to fee the Country, wearing a little Hood, and making ufc of ' lar^e Rackets, without which I had been in danger of l&lhng headlong over fearful Pr^ipices. Sometimes [to eafe my felt a little, I made a great iDog I had [brought with me, di-agmy little Baggage along, that might arrive the (boner at Treis Rivieres^ St:Jmje^ ind Cape Tourmente^ BonrgYoyal^ the Point Ae Zrf /,and It the Ifland of St, Lawrence^ whither I defigned to to. There I aflembled together, in one of the largeft lottagesof that Country, a^many People as I could ather ^ whom in fome time I admitted to Confeflion, nd to the (Holy Communion. In the Night-time I ad nothing to cover me but a Cloak ; and fometime heFroft pierc'd to my very Bones, which oblig'd e to make a Fire five or fix times in a Night, to pre? ent my freezing to death. My Commons alio were ery ihort, fcarce more than to keep me from liar* ing. In the Summer-feafbn I was oblig'd, in order to ntinue my Mijfion^ to travel in Canon's, that is, a "ort of little Boats (which I fliall defcribe hereafter) hat they make ufe of in Lakes and Rivers: Which rt of Contrivance fuccceded well enough where e Water was fhallow, or about two or three Foot eep \ But when we came to any deeper Place, then he Boa^ which was round underneath, was in dan- er of ov«:-tUrning, infomuch that I had certainly rifhed in the Water, had not I taken a circumfped ire of my felf. However, I found my felf oblig'd to travail after thi$ maimer, for there were no pafTable Roads in this Country to JNAif Dffcovery of - Country, it being impoffible to Travel ovcrrlaiid in thelc nevy: Colonics, becaufe of that Infinite number of Trees and Woods that befet them on all lideSi Which muft needs be ciit dowji or burn'd before any pafTabk Way bemade. ^ CHAP III. jADefcripion dftljofe Canon's that they male ufe of in the Summer-time in America, for the Conveniency of tra^ veiling. THefe Canou's arc round underneath, as 1 faid but now, and pointed at the two Ends, not unlike the Venetian Gondals: Without them it w6rc impoffible to travel in America^ for the Country is full of vaft and ^wide extended Forefts : Befides, the im- petuous Winds fbmetimes pluck up the Trees by the ! Roots, and Time it felf ranverfes great numb^ of 5 'em, which tumbling down through Age, are piled fb one upon another, that the Ways are totally em- barafs'd, and rendred unpaflable. / The Savages are Very ingenious in making theft I Canou's: They make them of the Bark: of Birch- p Trees, which they pull very neatly off thatlbrtofl Trees, they being confiderably bigger than tbofe of I Europe. They betake themfelves to this WOrk general- ly about the end of Winter, in the vaft Forefts that | lie towards the Northen Farts of thefc Countries. ■ For (upporting this Bark they line it within with! Ribs or pieces of white Wopd, or Cedar about fburj Fingers broad j this they ftirbilh up with finall Poles ! made fmooth, that make the Circumference of the; Canou J then by othqr Poles going a-crofs, about an j Inch, or an Inch and half thick, which are very \ fmoothly polifli'd •, thefe they joyn on both fides to the Bark by fmall Roots of Trees cloven in two,* not ; much unlike th eWi Hows that we makt our Baskets of in Europe. Thefe V A Large Country in America.* iji Thefe Canou's havenoRndder. a$ the bigger Siial- lop^ have, for they rovr them aloiig naeerly by the force of their Arms with ibme fmattOar^v ^acan turn them with an incredible fwiftnefSjand direc^lttem whither they lifb. Thole that are accnilom'd'lo ma^ nage them, can make them M at a wonddrfhl^t^ei, even in calm Weather \ but when the Wind is fa- vourable,they are expedite to a Miracle; for tiMSf ^tt make ufe of little Sails made of the fame Bafk,' but thinner than that of the Canon^s. As for the Ekro'^ feans^'t\iAt by long ufage come tobet^ell versed ia^ this fort of Tackling, they make ufe of about foar [Ells of Linnerf Cloth, hoifted up on a little Malt, the |fbot of which ftands in a Hole made in aiquare piece )f light Wood, that.isfaftned betwixt the Ribs and the Bark of the Canon's towards the Bottom. Thofe that are well skill'd in managing thefe Ca- lou's can fail Thirty or Thirty five Leagues in a >ay down a .Riv^, and fbmetimes more in Lakes, the Wind be favourable: But fome of 'cmarc mch bigger than others. They carry generally ibout a Thoufand pound Weight, fbmc Twelve hun- Ired, and the biggeft not above Fifteen hundred *ounds. The leaf!: of 'era can carry three or four lundred pound weight, together with two Men of Vomcn to fleer them , along.^ But the Greater muft lave Three or Fohr Men to manage them, and fome- ^imes when Bulinefs requires Expedition, Seven or Light to quicken their pace. CHAP* IV. hher Motives that induced the Anthor Hndertake this Dtfc§very, IT Was paflionatly zealous, in imitaj I Fathers of my Order, fdr inlargi of Cl^fiitlaiUty, and converting the bar " ' • - sG ■ ^ i^'Nk ' 7 i^ 'A New Difcaverf of ' fJx^jf^s f tjic Belief of the Gofpel : and in purfijance of; that E^Cgn, r jook'd upon the Enaployment of a jyjjfiotm^2^% a moil honourable Poft for me ; fo that whett5Y;etM found. the lopportunity of a Miffion, I w*yiww//r/?w Convent upon the Sambre : Khali \)m% pccajfiop afterward^ to fpeak of him, for that we Gojiabitcd in Canada for a Ipng time, and were FeUctvy-labourers in our Settl^ent Vit Cutayehuy^ which was the place where w^ oft-times Concerted the .Meafures of making this Difcovery lam about to relate. I there gave my felf much to the reading of Voyages, and encreas'd the Ambition I had to ptrfiie my Defign, from what Light the Savages imparted to us in that matter : In fine,- 1 plainly per- cciv'd by what Relatiions I had feceiv'd of fcveral Farticulars in difllrcnt Nations, that it was a mat-^ ter of no great difficulty to make confiderable Eftab- lifliments totheSoitth-Eaftof the great Lakes*, and that by the conve^iency of a great River call'd //wo^ which paflTes throi^gh the Country of the Jrpquefe^ a Faflage might be made into the Sea at Cape Florida, (While ■:iS M dLdrge CoMterj in America. tf While I reiidcd in that place, I made feVeral little llTours, (bttietimes with the Inhabitants of CananUi that we had brought along to fcttJc at our Fort of \<^atarokouy ^ fonletimes in company of thd Savages alone, with whom I .cohv^rfed frequently. And as I forelaw that the IrQCjutfe might become jealous and fuipicious of our DifeoveriesJPI refblv'd to make a Tour round their Five Cantons \ knd in jjurfuance of (this Deiign,threwmyfelfam6njg'em, being accom-» )anied only with a Soldier ofour Fort, who tra^ relied with me Seventy Leagues, or^near the Matter^ bn this OcCafion •, , we having our Feet ArmM with farge Rackets to prevent the injury of the Snow^ ^hicha bounds in that Country in the time of Winter; I had already acquired fome fmall Knowledge of [he Jroquefe Language j and While I travelled in this mner among them, they were furpriz'd to fee me ralk in the Midft of Snow, and lodge ray felf in le |vild Forefts that their Country is fiill oft We rere oblig'd to dig four Foot deep in the Snow, \o make Fire at Night, after having journey'd Ten )r Twelve Leagues over Day. Our Shoes were lade after the Fafhionof thofe of the Natives, biit rere not abletO keep out the Snow, which melted Isfoon as our Feet touch'di!, it having receiv'd heat rom the motion of us walking along. We made ife of the Barks of Trees to cover us when we rent to fleep ♦, and were carefully SoUicitous to keep great Fires to defend us ft-om the nipping Colds. Jn this lonefome Condition Ipent we the Nights^ vaiting the wejcome return of the Sun, that we might < 50' on in our Journey. As for Food, wehadnono, pave the Indian Corn grmded fmall, which we diluted ^7ith Water, to make it go down the Better. Thus we pafs'd through the Countries of, the Honr- lehioHts and Honnonta^es^ who gave us a very kind [reception, and are the molt Warlike People of ail ithe JroqHeje. When they faw us, they put their Fore- [fingen to their Mouths fignifying how much fur- G 2 priz'd I 14' J Netp Difcovery of . priz'J they were at the troublefbra and dimcult Jour- ney we had made in the middle of Winter. Then looking upon the mean and mortifying Habit of St. Francis^ they cry'd aloud, Hetchitagon! that is, Bare- foot ; and did with all manner of paflion and afto- nifliraent pronounce the Word Ganmron •, intimating, thatit muft needs h^l been a Bufinef* of great Im- portance, that mov'id us to attempt fuch a difficult Journey at fo unfeafonable a time. ' , Thefe Savages regal'd us with Elk and Venilon, drefs'd after their own falhion, which we eat of, and afterwards took le^ve of 'em, going further on in our Journey. When we departed, we carry'd our Bcd-Cloaths on our Backs, and took with us a little Pot to boy 1 their G>rn in. \^''c pafs'd through Ways that were over-flown with Water, and fuch as wou'd have been unpaflable by ainy Eurepeafi: For when we came at vail Marlhes and overflorwing Brooks J we were oblig'd to crawl along by the Trees. At ^< length with much difficulty we arrived at Ganniekez.^ or Jgniei.^ which is one of the Five Cantons of the Irocjuefe^ lituated about a large Days Journey from Nin-HclUniiy ca.\M now New-Tor k : Being there, we were forc'd to feafon our hdia» Corn (which we were wont to bruife betwixt two Stones) with lit- tle Frogs that the Natives gathered in the Meadows towards Eafter^ when the Snow was all gone. We ftay'd fome time with thefe People, lodg- ing with a Jcfiiite that had been bom at Lions^ to^ tranfcribe an f rtKjuefe Di^ionary. When the Wea- ther began to be more favourable, . we chanc'd one pay to meet with three Vitnh men. on Horfe-back, who had come thitherto traffick in Beavers-Skins:' They were fent thither by Major -^«/r«pj^ who isthei Pcrfon that fubdu'a Bojhtj and New^rgrktor the King of England^ and is at prefent Governour of VirgmM Thefe Gentlemen alighted from their Horfcs, that we might mount 'em, taking us along with them to NeW'Oratigei to be regal'd there. As foon as they hcardl n Large Country in Amtmz. 15 heard me fpeak Dutch^ they tcftify'd a great deal of f ricndfhip to me, and told me they had read feveral Hiliories of the Dilcoveries made ,by thole of oui* Francifcan Order in the Northern Parts of America^ but had never before feen any wear the Habit in thefe Countries as we did. They likewife exprefs'd the great defirc they had to have me Hay among them, for the Spiritual Comfort and Advantage of I many Catholicks, who had come from owt Nether-, lands and fettled there : And I (hould very willing- |ly have yeilded to their intreaties in refiding there, [but that I wa< afraid of giving any Jealoufie to the Ufttits^ who had received me very Kindly^ andbe- fides, I was aware of injuring the Colony of. G«»*i Difcovery of Trade of Skins that thefe Savages maintain with the Inhabitants of New^Tork^ and the Hollanders^ who have fettled a new Colony there ^ for they furnilh the Savages with Commodities at cheaper Rates than tnc French of Canada. The Irocjuefe are an Infolent and barbarous Nation, that has flied the Blood of more than Two millions of Souls ii^ that v^ft^extended Country. They would never ceafe from dillurbing the Repfe of the Enropeans^ were it not for fear of their Fire- Arms: For they entertain no Commerce with them) favc in the Marchandife-Goods they ftand ip need of, and in Arms, which they buy on purpofe to ufe againft their Neighbours v and by the means of which, they have compafs'd the DefuruAion of an infipite Number of People extending their bloo* dy Conqueft above 5 or 600 Leagues beyond their own Precinds, and cxterminatiog what ever Nation they hate. « , This Forty which at firft was only furrounded with Stakes, Pallifado's, and earthen Ramparts, has been cnlaLt2.'d fince the commencement of my Million into thefe Countries, to the circumference of Three hundred and fixty Toifes (each of thefe being fix Foot in length) and is now adorn'd with Free-Stone, which they find naturally polifh'd by the Ihock of the Water upon the brink of the Lake Om^rU or Frontenac They wrought at this Fort with fo much diligence and expedition, that in two Years time it was ad- vanced to this perfedion, by the Care and Con- duA of Sieiir-Cavelier de U Salk^ who was a Norman born ^ a Man of great Coqdudt and profound Poli- <:y. He oft-times pretended to me, th^it he was a Parijian by Birth, thinking thereby to engage Father Lnke Bniffet before- Mentioned, and me, to put more coiifidencc in him : For he had quickly obferv'd from our Ordinary Converfation, that the Flemings^ and feverai other Nations, are ]^onc to be jeajous of ^^he Norman:, 1 am fenfiblc that there ^re Men of ^ Honour a Large Country in America. Honour and Probity in Normandy^ ai^i^efr-'^ «^<^ where^ but neverthclefs It is 'c€ftalrti'''-^haf other IN^ij tionsare generally more free, andiefs (lyiiialiMi guing, than the Inhabitants of that^Prov-ince 6frmm This Fort Frontenac\\t% to the Ndrthvtki^tf df^W Lake; near to its Mouth, where i^te«eslm^'^ and is fituatcd in a PmnfuU, ol which m^ ffimtM is die;2;'d into a Ditch. On the oth*- fidc^ \t'\\0p:tXf the Brink of the Lake futrouridliig it^'-j^rflyi'^f pretty Pjrt of natural Mould/^Mfer^' alj ti^AWt of Ships may ride fafely. i^q^^^-.^.^ ; > ;}^^^^ The fituation of this Fort li^lb adVdrttag^i»i^ tMat they can eafily t)revent the SalUesafid Rct\irnF^»fli^ Jroquefe^ and in the fpace of T^hfy fbuf Hoiift? can wage War with them in theTfea^t of i\^Wi^* Country. This is eafily com|>af3' feed upon Soupc, lUfde with Pulfc and Herbs, as we did. Father Luke and I made one Remark upoa their Ip4^lguage, that .they pronoiinc'd no Labial Letters, fft$ia8-5,?,^,F. We had the Apolloiick Creed, tJie Lord's Prayer, and our ordinary Litany, tranQa- t^ .into the Jroefuefe Language^ which we caus'd thcni to^et by heart, and repeat to their Children \ and f0rc'4 their Children to pronounce 'as we did, by in» culcatinj^ to them the Labial Letters^ and obliging 'cm to trcquent converfe with Jhe Children of the Em oceans tiiat inhabited the Forf; fo that they mu- tually taught one another their p:>ther-Languages*, which fcrv'd likcwife to entertain a good Corrcfpon^ dcnte witl\ the // c^^r/r. ^ ^ Thcfe n LeLTge Cotmtry in America. 19 Thefe Barbarians ftay'd "always with us, except when they went a hunting ^ which was the thing we were much concern'd about : for when they went / for five or fix Months ravaging through their vaft huge Forr jfts, and fometiraes Two hundred Leagues' from their ordinary abode, they took their whole Family along with them. And thus they liv'd to- gether, feeding upon the Flefh of the wild Beafts they kill'd with the Fire-Arms they us'd to receive of the Enro^eans^ in exchange of their Skins : and it was impoflible for any Miflionary to follow them into thefe wild Defarts ^ fo that their Children being abfent all the feafon of Hunting, forgot whatwc had inftiird into them at JFort Frontenac, \ The Inhabitants^ of Canada towards Qnehec^ Trots XKhieres^ and the Ifle of Monreal^ being fick of their" [long Winters-, and feeing thcie of the Francifcan [Order fettle themfelves at Fronnnac^ where the Wia- Iter was three Months fliorter, many of 'em refolv'd Ito tranfport their Families thither, and rcfide there. They reprefented to themfelves the Advantage that fliould accrue to them, by having the Sacraments ad- • miniftred, and their Children educated by us, and [that for nothings for we ordinarily took no Coni- j pcnfation for the Inftfuftion we gave. [ There have always been fome fort of People who cndcavour'd to render themfelves Mafters ot Canada^ ■and become Arbiters and Judges over all the Settle-? ments there ^ for the compafUng of which Delign, they left no means untry'd. They attributed to them- felves the Glory of all the Good Succefs that was had there: They'difpers'd their MilTionaries over all the Country, and cndcavour'd to obltrud all our Defigns at Fort Frontenac. In fine, they oblig'd our PecoHeth to remove thence by the help of the Marquifs de Be* nonviile^f the then Govcrnour of Canada^ whom thcV had wheedled intft|hcir Intercfls, and who hadfuf- fer'd himfelf to bWtnpos'd upon by tlic Artifices of ihcfe Men. I hope ao " A Netv Difcovery of I hope, that Ibme time or other Cixl vnW re-ella- blilh our poof Monks in that Pl^^'wCj for their Deligns were always innocent and good y and they could ne- ver have been made to retire thence, without doing tB^m Injultice. God leaves nothing unpunifh'd : The Day (hall com.c when Jie (hall take Vengence on tliofe who did this Injury. I heard fome time ago, that the/ro^«r/r, who wage continual War with the Frjtttch oi Canada^ haVefeiz'd the Fort of CatarnkoHy-^ as alfb that the cruel Savages did fmoak in their Pipe^ fbmepf the Fingers of thole who had procur'd the de- parture of our ]poor Reco/lefts from that Fort ^ and that the prefent Inhabitants of Canada have upbraided thiofc who were the Authors of that Injuftice, w^ it* CHAP. VI. , ADffcrifUork offomt Freflt-waur Lakes^ thegreattfi and the fleafanttSi inthe Vniverfe, I Here commence the Defcription ofthem«ft re- markable Things in this great Difcovery, thiat the Reader may the more cafily attain to thcM Knowledge of our Voyage, by following the Map we have provided for that purpole. The Lake Ontario receiv'd the Name of the Like Fromenac^ from the Illflftlious Count de Frontenac, Governor-General ^f Camda, All the World is acquainted with the Merit and Vertue of that No- ble Peiffon: U is likevyife well known, how anci- ent thi|it Family is from which he is defcended, ^wi what a glorious Train of lUuftrious Anccftors went before him, who were always thought worthy of the mofl weighty Employments both Civil and Military ! His Family was always inviolably firm to the Interefts of their Sovereign^ycg in ' the moft pcrplex'd Times: Nay^ I may lif upon this occ^fi- on, without giving Offence to the other Goveraors of ii * y 51 t l9l^' m a Large Country m ArnQTicz. ai of Canada^ that have either preceded, or are to fuc- ceed him, That this Country was never governed withfo much Wifdom, Moderation, and Equity, as by the Count de Frontenac, I know very well, that thofe Men who aipire to be Mafters over all, have endeayour'd to blacken his Reputation, to eclipfe his Glory, and render him fufpefted. But I am bound to fay, to the Praiie of that Illuftrious Nobleman, That for all the Ten Years he liv'd in that Country, he was a Father to the Poor ^ a Prote6:or to thofe that were in danger of being opprefs'd; nay^ inlhort, his Converfatioii i-wasa perfed Model ot Virtue and Piety. Thofe of hi$ I Countrymen who were ftirr'd up againft him, by aii |Effed of their natural Levity and Ficklenefe, h^d the Mortification to fee him re-eftablifh*d in tijat [very fame Government, of which their Calumiiies land malignant Intrigues had endeavour'd to difpollels Hiim. They had engag'd the Intendant of Chefiumt jin the iame Combination, havS^ pver-reach'd him [by their cunning Artifices/ Yet notwithftanding all Ihcfe unjuft Cenfures, I came to undei-ft^n4of late, that they regret much the want of that Illuftrious Count. ^ it was therefore in Honour of this Worthy Count, lat they gave to the Lake the Name of Prontenttc^ixi rder to perpetuate his Memory in that Country. 'his Lake is Eighty Leagues long, and Twenty five -ea^ues broad : It abounds witH Fifties, is deep, and iavigable all over. The Five Cantons, or Diftrifts , bf the Ire<\uefe^ do inhabit for the moft part the South- (icje of this Lake^ viz,, the Gannieaez.^ or Jlgniez. (thq nighell Neighbours to Ntxv-HoUartd^ or New-Tor k) \x\it Onmnta^Hts^ or thofe who live ia the Mountain?, who are tne molt Warlike People of that Nation ; [the OnneioHts and Tfonnomouans the moft populous of ;them all. There arc likewifeon the Soutn-fide of jtl^c Lake, thefe/ro^W^ Villages, viz., Tejajfimt^Kettte^ [^n4 GanneoHJfe^ wh%h i% not diftant trom Frentfnac ibovc Nine Lcagijef. ; "' ' The ' # I* • 22 A Nerv Difcovery of The great River of St. Laurence derives its Source from the Lake Ontario^ whicti is likewife call'd in the Jro^uefe Language Skanadarie ; that is to lay, a very pretty Lake.It Iprings likewife partlyfrom the Lakes that are higher up in the Country ,as we Ihallhave'oc- cafion to obferve afterwards . This Lake Ontario is of an Oval Figure, and extends it felf from Eaft to Well. Its Water is frelh and fweet, and very pleafant to drink \ the Lands which border upon it being likewife very fertile. Itisve- ry navigable, and can receive large Vellels : Only in Winter it is more difficult, becaufe of the outrage^ ous Winds which are frequent ther^. From this Lake one may go by Barques, or by bigger Veflels to the foot of a great Rock that is about two Leagues olTthc Fall of the River Niagara^ which I am. now tp dc- fcribe. -^ ' 'i CHAP. VIL \A t>efcriftton of the Fall of the Ritfer Niagara, that ht» he feen betwixt the Lake Ontario and^hd ^ Erie. BEtwixt the Lake Ontario and Erie^ there is a vaft and prodigious Cadence of Water which falls . ^own after a furj)rizing and aftonilhing manner,, in- fomuch that the llniverlb docs not alfcrcMts Paral* • lei. 'Tis true, Italy and Sttejeland boaft of Ipme fifch Things j but we may well fay they ar^biit'for- ry Patterns, when compared to this of which we now fpeak'. At the foot of this horrible P.recipicc we meet with the River Niafara^ which is not above half a quarter of a League broad, but is wonderful- ly deep in feme places. It is fo rapid above this Dc' fcent, that it violently hurries down the Wild Bealls while endeavouring to pafsitjtt) feed on the other fide \ they not being able to wnhftand the force of its Current, which inevitably cafts them down iiead- longabove Six hundred foot, '. This A Large Country in America, 25. This wonderful Downfall is Qompounded of two [great Crofs-ftrearas of Water, and two Falls, with an Ifle flopeing along; the middle of it The Waters which fall from this vaft height, do foam and boil after the moft hideous manner imaginaWe, making an outrageous Noife, more terrible than that or (Thundery for when the Wind blows^ from ofFthc jsouth, their difnaal roaring may be heard abovelif- fteen Leagues ofE The River Niagara having thrown it felf dowa this incredible Precipice continues its impetuous [courfe for two Leagues together, to the great Rock ibove- mentioned, with an inexpreffible Rapidity: "Jut having pafs'd that, its Impetuofity relents, gli- ling along more gently for two Leagues, till it arrives it t\iQ\jakt Ontario ox Front enac, . Any Barque or greater Veflel may pafs from the ' fort to the foot of this huge Rock above-raention'd. JThis Rock lies to the Weft ward, and is cut off from the Land by the River Nla^ara^ about two Leagues farther down than the great Fall ^ for whicl\ two leagues the People are oblig'd to carry their Good^ )ver-land ; but the way is very good, and the Trees ire but few, and they chiefly Firrs and Oaks. From the great Fall unto thisRo^k, which is to le Weft of the River ^ the two Brinks of it are fo )rodigi6us high, that it would make one tremble to ' >k fteadily upon the Water, rolling along with a Lapidity not to be imajgin'd. Were it not for this raft Cataradt, which interrupts Navigation, they Jmight fail with Barques or greater VeflTels, abpvc four hundred and fifty Leagues further, crofs the Lake of Hurcns^ and up to the farther end of the Lake IlUttois'^ which two Lakes, we may well fay, are little Sieas of frifli Water. Sieur de la Salle had a defign to have builta Fort at tfie Mouth of the, River Niagara ^ and might ealily have compafs'd it, had he known hOw to have kept hirafelf withia bounds, and to be confined therefor oae 24 ' J Mew Difco^bry of one Year. His defignwas to curb and keep und(qr the Jroquefe^ and efpecially the Tfomomouans^ v/ho are ' the jnoft numerous People, and the liioft given to War of ail that Nation. In Ihort, fuch a Fort aS this might eafily have interrupted the Coiiimerce betwixt thefe People and the E»gUJh and DHuh in New-Tdrh Their Cuftom is to carry to New-Torh the Skins of Elks, Beavers, and feveral forts of Bealts, which thdy hunt and feek after feme 2 or 300 Leagues fronrt their own home. Now they being oblig'd to pais and repafs near to this Mouth of the River Niagara^ we might eafily ftop them by fair means in time of Peace, or by open force m time of War \ and thus oblige them to turn their Commerce upon Canada, But having obferv'd that the Iroqnefe were pufli'd on to ftop the Execution of this Defign, not fo much by the £»e///fc andi)«/c^, as by the Inhabitants of d- tiada^ who many of them endeavour'd byall means to traverfe this our Difcoveryj theycontentedthem- f dves to buUd a Houfe at the Mouth of the River to the Eaftward, where the place was Naturally Fortifi'd. On one fide of this Houfe there is a very good Haven, where Ships may fately ride ^ . nay, by the help of a Capftone, they may eafily be hall'd upon Land. Befides, at this Place they take an infinite quantity of Whitings, Sturgeons^ and all othel* forts of Filhes, which arc incomparably good and fweet \ infomuch that in the proper Seafon of Fifhing, they might furniih the greatcft City in Enrofe with plenty ofFifh. if-. C H A P. VIIL A Defcriftioh of the Lake Erie. TH E Iroquefe give to this Lake the Name of BrU Tejocharomiong which extends it felf from Eaft to Welc perhaps a hundred and forty Leagues iA Length* Hons^ v/hoare ar 1 and thus a LurgB Country in America. 2^ Length. /But no Ewrofean has ever furvey'd It all ; )nly lanathofe whoaccompany'd me inthisDiico- ^cry, have view'd the greater Part of it with a VeH- Pel of Sixty Tun burden, which we caus'd to be ladeon purpofe, about two Leagues above the fore- lention'd Fall of Niagara^ as I fliall have occafion to )bferve more largely hereafter. '■\^ This Lake Erie Tejocharotniong^ enclofes on its Jouthern Bank a Trad of Land as large as the King- lom of Frame, It divides it felfat a certain plifee into two Channels, becaufe of a great Iflarid cnclcfe'd )etwixt them : Thus continuing its courfe for fourteen .cagues, it falls into thtljakt Ontario^ or Front^niKc -^ md this is that which they call the River JsHagaftu Betwixt the Lake Erie and Huron^ there is almoit fuch another Streight thirty Leagues long, which is >f an equal breadth almoft all over, except in the liddle, that if enlarges it felf by help of another .ake, far lefs than any of the reft, which is of a :incular Form about Six Leagues over, according to the Obfervation of our Pilot. We gave it the Name I)f Lake Sr. Cldre^ though the IroqHtfe^ who pafs over [t frequently, when they are upon Warlike Expediti- ms, Q9\\ it Otji Keu, The Country which borders Ipon this moft agreeable and charming Streight, is a ^leafant Champagne Country, as I (hall relate after- vards. All thcfe different Rivers, which are diftin- ;uifhM by fo manjf different Names, arc nothing elfe )ut the continuation of the great River St^ Laurence j md this Lake 5f.C/4»W is form'd by the fame. % ' C V A P. IX. ji Defcriftion of the Lake Huron. I 'T' H E Lake Httrm was fo call'd by the Pcoijlc of ! X Canada J becaufe the Savage ///rrcw/, who inha- bited the adjacent Country, uVd to hayc their Hair fo t6 A NetP Difcovery of ^ burned, that their Head refemblcd the Hcadgf a Wild-Boar. The Savages themfel ves call it the Lake Kkregnondy, Heretofore the /foro»j lived near this Like but they have been in a great meafure dcftroy'd| hy the froqHefe, The Qrcumference of this Lake maybe rcckonMi to be about Seven Hundred Leagues, and its Length Two hundred ^ but the Breadth is very unequal. To the Weft of it near its Mouth, it contains fevcral great Iflands, and is navigable all over. Betwixt this greatLake and that of the V///w»/,we meet with another | Strcight, which discharges it felf into this Lake, be- ing about Three Leagues long, andOnebroad^ its| Courle running Weft-North-Weft. There is yet another Streight or narrow Canal to- 1 wards the Upper Lake (that runs into this oi Huron) about Five Leagues broad, and Fifteen Leagues long, I which is interrupted by feveral Iflands, and becomes narrower by degrees, till it comes at the fa|l of St. j Mary, This fall is a Precipice full of Rocks, oyer | which the Water of the upper Lake, which flows thither in great abundance, caftsitfelfwithamollj violent Impetuolity : Notwithftanding which, a Ca- 1 Aou may go up it on one fide, provided the People in it row vigoroufly. But the fafer way is to carry the Canou over-land for fb little a fpace, together with the Commodities that thofe of Canada carry thi-> ther to exchange with the Savages that live to the Northward of the upper Lake. This Fall is called tht fall of St. Mary Mijftlimakinak. It lies at the Mouth of the upper Lake, and difcharges it felf partly into the Mouth of the Lake ////wc/j toward sthp great Bay of Puans-y all .whid^fliall afterwards be more fully difcours'd of, when I come to relate our Return from Ijjatu ^ CHAP. • ' , , (¥Mh P- ' -^X, jrjrf^ ^^^ ^^^y ^.^^^ I HE Lake Jllimis, ia the S^Jy^siinj^M^^ iufies,TkZ'4Af>f-^Wii» offulljige in the vigoiir of bis Teat's, [it lies on the Weft of the Lake J^jpn,Q:zn6ingii/ Canada. rip HE Spmards were the firft who difcover'd O- {JL "'•^j b^ at their firft arrival,having found no- ting confiderable in it, they abandon'd the Country, '^^n&taWd it n Capo diNada., that is, A Cafe of No- ' thsn^ ^ hence by corruption fpr ung the Word Canada^ which we ufe in all our Maps. '■-■"' .. -.- ^ fincc Since i left that Country, I underftand f^tt\\ things Gdntiniic* very nedr in the fame State as they were whillb I refided there. Thofe WhohaV^thir Governrtlent of Canada committed to their €s«*eiardf moved with filch a malignant Spirit, as obliges all who do not approve theitDefigrt, tdmoiajfeeretly Wore God. Men of Probity that ire Zealous for Religion, find nothing there of what they eJtpeded^ but, on the Contrary, iuchRcpulfesandllliirage^ that no body could have forerccn. Several relSrt thitiher, with a defign to Sacrifice their Rq)ofe and Life, to the Temporal and Spiritual Succour of ait Infant-Church : but the lofs of Reputation and Ho- nour, dre the Sacrifices theyV after all fbrced to make. Others go thither in the hopes of fpencjing their Lives in Peace and perfefl: Concord ; whereas they meet with no'thing but Jars, Divilioni, anda Sea of Troubles* In lieu of their fair Hopes^ they reap nothing »but Cr6(res and Perfecution^ anddfl/ for not plcafing the Humours of Two or Threfl Hm^ who ire the over-ruling Wits of that Coutry* What A vaft di5)arity or diftance there is betwi)ct theHiimotir of thefe Men, and our j^lemiflp Sincerity ! I meaA that Candour and Evennefs of Mind which mike Up ^he true Charafter of a Chriftlan, and is obftirv'd ^very where elfe. But withouet«tring farthet into any pirtictilif J}* 1 leave the Judgment of all unto God •, and fhill only fay, that we who are FUmir^s by Birth, went to Ci»4i4 without any other private Defign^ having renounced our Native Country, meerly tor the Stft* vice of our Religion, afiEer having quitted all other Enjoyments for embracina a Religious ProfeOlon. Ai]r1 therefore it WMs not a fmall Surprize to us Mpon our arrival in that Country, to fee our Sincerity and Uprightners of Heart fo (brrily cntertaia'd. There is a certain fort of People, who are jealous of eve* ry thing, and whom it is impOllible to retrieve from 1U^ the firftlmpreillons they've re«eiY'd. Tlioogh ' w * jo A New Difcovery of i'Man were never fo complgifaut, yet if he be. not faltbgether of their Stamp, or if he endeavours,to t*t)tfefehtThingsfaitlyand rationally unto them, tho' ' ^^Ith tfcife' and foftRemonftranccs : yet Ihall he pafe ^ttiong ^Ism for a Fellow of a Turbulent Spirit. Such Xjbnduift as this, doe$ not favour of Chriftia^ity, l^T^ithei-'doth it befpeak any other profpedl than tijat .:of teitJporal Intereit. - ThisConfiaeration mpv'd ine ^ft-times to fiiyta the Three Flemifij Mowks I Had Uroughti to Canada'mth me, that it had been mue{i better for us who had quitted all our Enjoymei?|s, ^and €Xchang'd them for the Poverty of a Monaftick Life,- to have gone in Miffipn among Strangers, to '^r^th Repentance unto Infidels, and propagate the .Kingdom of our Savio.ur among barbarous Nations. it. 54j^d indeed kiild; Providence feconded my gooi •llrtefttions ^ for ;hf Reverend Father German Allan ^etollet, \2i^h\^o^ q>i yence in Provence^ felit me ^ Orders to undertake the Difcovery which I am about torekte; ; •r M iii wn ii> ». I I I I I I I I ■ 1 1 I ^« I. \v.m via; 1 ,'7 XIU. ^•j4 IjUfiriptiofi ofmyifirfi Imharkmcntyin a Canon ^f Qj^e- bcc, the Capital City 0/ Canada, ^n^ boHfiJfot'.fi^e K Y^'-poH^hiWcfi. of New^rance, or Qu^a. , ^ f ,f| ^nr-fReHifiinod Twa Tears and; a hair at TortJrmc' Jl'Wirr, till I faw the youfe of Miffion finifh'di^ tj\i^t TAthf^Lkike Bieifetta^i, had ca)is'd to^ be bui[ti(}pre. ^1^1 is Sin caged usin! Titavails, whiqhjpi^pars^l^. at- ttiid New EftaWifbments. Accpfdingly we wds^t in ^i'Cajiou lar4ry, in order I to Btepaijc ^I^^n(aitfi i;h^^)f ' f*H^ Commencing 6ixt DiKovcry. , ,j i^.^ v nhij yt ■i«' •..'r,iaiil;.l -Ait 'pij(*u. .A AfTcd give Unde In the B * U A Large Country in America. ^ijj And indeed I mufb frankly own , that" when iat"^/ the foot of the Crofs, I penfivdy confider^d,thisiM-i; portant Million, weighing it in the Scales lofHiij^s mane Reafon, and meafuring the weight of its Dif-ri! ficulties by Humane Force^ it feemM altogether atft a terrible, as well as a rafli and iriconfiderate Attempts But when I look'd up to GOD, and vicw'd it afc* ' an effed of his Goodnefs, in chufing me for fo great a Work, and as his Commandment direded to me by the Mouth of mySuperiours, whoarcthc- Inftruments and Interpreters of his Will unto raei! Thefe thoughts, I lay, prefently infpired me with*. Courage and Refoiution, to undertake this Difcd- very , with all the Fidelity and Gonllancy imagi- nable. ^ ' / I perfiiaded my felf, that Unce it was the peculiar Work of God, to open the hard Hearts of that bar- barous People, to whom I was fentto publiih the gjad Tidings of his Gofpel, it were as ealie for him to compals it by a feeble Inftrum^nt, fuch as I \Vas, as by the moft worthy Perfon in the World. Having thus prepar'd my felf to enter upon the dilcharge of my Miffion^ and feeing that thofe whor were cxpeded from Europe^ to bear part in this Dif-^ covery, were now arriv'd j that the Pilot, Seamen,- and Ship-Carpenters were in readinefs, and, that tho Arms, Goods, and Rigging for the Ships were all athaad^ I took with me from our Convent a pOrs table Chapel all compleat for my felf, and after- wards went and received the Benedidion of the Hi-? fliop of Qjiebec, together with his Approbation in Writing ^^vvhich I iikcv;ifc rcceiv'd ot Count Fr<7»^ te;7ac^ who was a Man that tellify'd a great deal of Aftcdion for our Fiemijh Recolleds, becaufcof our CaiiJour and Ingenuity ^ and who was pleas'd tQ give a pnblick Icftimony to jthe Generolity ofmy Undertaking, while we were fet at Tabic. i In (hort, lembark'd in a little Canon made of the Barjis of Birih-TVces,. trarryirjg nuthing aloijg P 3 J with n }#^. J N^w Difcffverycf with mfe favc my portable Chapel, one Blank^^ndl a MattofRufhes, which was to fervc me fot Bod aild Qpilt ^ and this was the whole of my Equipage, It was concerted fo, th^t I Ihould go off firft, that Ijiy G(5parture might oblige the reft to expedite their] Ap^irs #ith fpeed. The Inhabitants of Ctmadd^ up. oaboth fides the River of St. L^urfwe^ betwixt Que, htc and Monreal^ entreated me to officiate among] them, and adminifter the^ Sacraments i For they l?ould not aflift at Divine Service oftner than five or f\% times a Year, becaufe there were only Four -M/i fi»nmes in that Country for the extent of 50. Leagues, I baptlz'd a Child at a certain Place call'd St, ffour^ and acquainted the abfent Mifllonary of the Place with the &me ; which done^ I continu'd my Voyage; gnd as I pafsd hy Harfentinie ^ the Lord of the j place of one of the ancientelb Families in CantuUS would have fent one of his Sons along with me J but th^ (ianou was too narrow for Four Porfons.! M length I^rrlvM at Treu Rivieres^ which is a Towii| only furroundcd with Pallifkdo's, lying about Thirty! Leagues higher than Quebec. Not meeting therO Fa4 thcr Sixte^ a Recollet-Miffionary, who was gone fromj thence in Mlffion, the Inhabitants befeech'd me to preach and perform Divine Service on the Firft of OHobrr. The next day, the Sieur Bomivety Lieute- nant»Gcneral Julticiary of that Place, convey'd m 9 l-eague up the River St Laitrence, The moft laudable Enterprizes are oft-times retard. «d by fnrprizing and unexpected Obllacles ; for when 1 4rriY'd at Monreal^ they debauch'd and en*! tlc'4 J* way my Two ^oat-rMen \ fo that I was forc'd to take advantage of an offfer which two other Mea made to condudt me along in their little Ihatter'd 3oat. Thus was it that thofe who envy'd the Sue* csft of my Undertaking, began to fet themfelv^ in oppofitiofl to it, and cndeavQur'd to hinder the molt cQpfideraWc ai^d famous bifcovery that has] beecn niad^ in that New World in this Age. i. Large CoufUry in America. || In going up the River, as I pafs'd the Lake [of St. Louis^ a little above the Ifle of Mmrtai^ 'which is about Twenty five Leagues la circumfe^ rence, I obfcrv'd that this River St. X4«rwr* divided litfelf into Two Branches j of which one Leads tq the ancient Country of the Hwrons^ the OutaduaUsy and fcveral othier Nations iituate to the Northward j tand the other to the Country of the Iroquefe, Wcf [went up this laifc for about Sixty Leagues, in moftraf^i pid and horrible Currents, full of great Rocks^ where the Water roars Night and Day like Thun^ tder, for Three or Four Leagues together. Alt Iwhich does not hinder the Boat-Men and their Ca^^ lou'sto defcend down among thele huge Rock» rith Co much fwiftuefs, that thofe who are in the mou are for the time quite blinded. They gpi lerally carry Elks-Claws and Shins with them, which ley Exchange for other Goods, with the Savage^ [of that Country. I ihall not ofier to give any circumft^ntial Ac- [count of the Accidents that befel me, which are Infeparable Companions of all great Voyages : Wha| [ps needful to be faid is. That I arriv'd at FortjCiir^t rohuy^ or Fromenac^ about Eleven a Qock at Nightf ^he next Day after ^//-S4/»r/ i where our Recollect rathers, Gahriel de la Ribourde^ and L/tke Bifet^ MifT Ronaries, receiv'd me with all Expreffionsof Joy ior ^ ^ our Houfe of Million, which we had caus'd to )e built the Year before, upon the brink of the ^Lake Ontario^ near to Fort FrmtendCy This Fort lies about forty four Degrees and fome Minute^ of Northern Latitude. 1 had forgot to acquaint you, that this Lake On- tario is form'd by the River St. Laurence^ and that it is deep enough for large VelFcls \ for at feventy Fa- thom we could difcern no Ground. The Waves there are tofs'd by mighty Winds which are very frequent ; and their Surges are full as high as thofe of the Sea, bat much more dangerous \ fur they D 4 arp \ J4 • 'rSMlSfrnDifcoiferyof at e Aorter and ftcfcpcr \ (b that a Vcflel riding aWng cannot yield and keep touch with 'em. There are Hkewife foine very plain appearances of a Flux and Rtfluit ^, for they obfervc the Water to flow and ebb by little Tides, and that it flows oft-times againfl the Wind when very high. i ^The Filhing of this Lake, as of all the other Lakes bcfore-ni^ntion'd, is vei-y confiderable for all manner of excellent Fifties, efpecially for Salmon- Trou^s, which are much bigger than onr big^ gefl: Salmons. The adjacent Country is very fertile, as- is confirmed by the Experience of thofe who cul- tivated it in feveral nlaces. There is excellent Game therefor all forts bf Wild Beafts and Wild Fowl: Their Forefls are replenifti'd with the prettieft Trees ifi the World, fines, Cedars, and £px;/f rw, (a fort of Fir-tree very common in that Cduntry.) They hav« iikewife very good Iron-Mines *, and no doubt but other Metals might be found if fought after. -"'While. I abode at Caturokony^ waiting the coming tip of the reft of 6ur Company, I had time to con- fer Vvith the Reverend Fathers of our Order concern^ iftg what Meifures we were to take for converting liHto Chrift Jefus, fuch a numerous Train of Na- tions that had never heard of the Gofpel ^ for it is certain, that fuch poor helplefs Priefts as we of the ^ Ftattcifcan Order, deftitute of all temporal Enjoy- ments, and cut off from all Humane Means and Affittance, cannot be too cautious in managine the Concerns of fo' important aMiflion, becaufe of the infinite variety ot the Tempers of thofe thnt were to accompany us in this Voyage ^ for we had in com- pany fome Flemln^si^ fonie Italians^ and fojne Nor- knans^ who were*^all of different Interefts^ and it was a very difficult Task for us to comply with, and •pleafe fo many different Humours *, efpecially when engag d in fuch a Voyage as this, in which Laws could not be obferv'4 with the fame Exaftnefs, or retain the fame Rigour as in Euroff^ where Men ; i may A Large Country in Anterica. ^t^ lay be entic'd to Good, and fcar'd from Evil , y the Love of Rewards or tne fear of Punilhment. lut I refign'd my feif wholly to the Exercife of ly Duty , leaving the Conduft. of all ui^to God's »rovidence, and being ready to encounter whatever Lccidents might feflin my way. The Iroqueje whonl we had brought to fettle near lis Fort (2A was above related) came oft-times to ^ifit us, and made us Prefents of the Flefh of Elks, ^nd Roe-bucks-, in lieu of which we gave 'em> lit^ le Knives and fome Tobacco, which we had for lat pwpofe. Thefe Savages, when they reflefted kpon our defigned Voyage, us'd to cMp^eir Four {mgers on their Mouths (as they generally do when mch'd with the Admiration of any thing they canr ot comprehend) and cry'd aloud, Otchita^on^ (Gtm^ won! that is, Bare-Feet^ what ye are about to. mder' %ke^ is of great Importance : And added, that their lolt valiant Adventurers had much ado to extri-r ite themfelves out of the hands of thofe barbarous lations we were going to vifit. It is certain, that [he Jroquefe had a moft tender Helped for the Frajft- ifcan Monks, having obferv'd them to live all In corti; lOHj without referving any particular Pofleffibns. The Food of the Jrocfuefe is in common among m. The ancienteft .Women in the Houfe difbribut9 ^ >out to the other Perfons in the Family according to Bieir Seniority. When they fit at their Meals, they ^ive freely to eat unto all that come into their floufes, for they would rahcr chufe to fait for a rhole Day, than fuffe'r r*ny one to go from theit loufes , without offering them a Ihare of whatever they had. The Sieur de la Salle arriv'd at the Fort fome time Jafter me : God prelerv'd him (as he did mej' froi^ the Infinite Dangers he was expos'd to ia this great Vdyage betwixt !g«f^ow, Mefchafipii thai is, a^etA River 'y Which Name it has in the Map. All thul was only to fccure to us a good Correfj^ndence withl the Savages, and to prepare for us in that Countryl ibme Provillons, and other Neceilaries, to furtherl this Difcovery. But there being among them fomcl Villanous Fellows, they ftopp'dinthe upper Lake atl Mijfilimakinak^ and diverted themfelves with the SaJ vages that live to the Northward of that Lake, lavifh.! ing and squandering away the beft of the Commo. dities they had taken with them inftead of provU ding fuch Things as were needful for building a Ship,! which we greatly wanted in order to pafs from Lake| to Lake to the River MefchafifU CHAP, XIV. . A Defcripion of Sy fec9nd Mkrhiunt 4t Fort Fron« tenac, in a Brigamine upon the Lake Ontario orl Frontenac. Tl^^t very (ame Year, on the Eighteenth of No^ vember^ I took leave of our Monks at Fort Frw. tenac^ aud after mutual Embraces and Expreflions of Brotherly and Chriftian Charity, lembark'din a Brigantine of about ten Tuns. The Winds and the Cold of the Autumn were then very Violent, in- ibmuch that our Grew was afraid to go into fo lit- tle, a Veffel. This oblig'd us and the Sieur deU JMottt our Commander, to keep our courfe on the Northriide of the Lake, >to ihelter our felves under the Coaft, againft the North-weft Wind, which o- therwife would have forced us upon the Southern Coall of the Lake. This Voyage prov'd very diffi- cult 4 Large Country in America. J7 cult and dangerous, becaufeofthc unfcafonablc time'' I of the Year, Winter being near at hand. On the i6th^ we were in great danger about Two large Leagues off the Land, where we were oblig'd' to lie at an Anchor all that Night at fixty Fathom Water and above ^ but at length the Wind coming to. the North-Eaft, we fail'd on, ^nd arriv'd fafely at the further end of the Lake Ontario^ call'd by the UroqHefe^ Skannadario. We came pretty near to one of their Villages call'd Tajajagon^ lying about Seven* ty Leagues from Fort Frontenac^ or Catarokoity. We barter'd fome India?? Corn with the Iro^uefe^ [who could not fufRcicntly admire us, and came fret [uently to fee us on board our Brigantinc, which )r our greater fecurity, we had brought to an Luchor Into a River, though before we could get In, we run a ground three times, which oblig'd us [toput Fourteen Men into Canon's, andcafttheBa- llalt of our Ship over-board to get her off again. That River fells into the Lake^ but for fear of being frozen up therein, we were forced to cut the Ice wltK I Axes and other Inftruments. The Wind turning then contrary, we were oblig'd • tarry there till the 1 yh of December, 1 578. v^hca re failed from the Northen Coaft to the Southern, ^here the River Niagara runs into the Lake •, but Icould not reach it that Day, though it is but Fifteen [or Sixteen Leagues diftant, and therefore call Anchor within Five Leagues of the Shore, , where we had ve^ ry bad Weather all the Night long. On the 5th. being St. Nicholas's Day, we got into the fine River Niagara, into which ue'^^er any irich Ship as ours entred before. We •«• . t^Hefe TpmnontoMonsy and were immediately carry'd to [the Cabia of their Principal Chief, where Women ow, and part d Large Countfy in America. 41 md Children flock'd to fee us, our Men being very rell dreft and arm'd. An old Man having accord- (ng to Cnftom made publick Cries, to give Notice )iom arrival to their Village ; the younger Savages vafli'd our Feet^ which afterwards they rubb'd over dth the Greale of Deers, wild Goats, andl other Jeafls, and the Oil of Bears. '1 The next Day, which was the Firft of the Year 1679. After the ordinary Service I prcach'd in a little Chapel made of Barks of Trees, in prefence of Svo Jefuitcs, viz.. Father Garnier and Rafeix •, and ifterwards we had a Conference with 42 old Men , rhoiiiakeup their Council. Thefe Savages are for le moil: part tall,'^and very well Ihap'd, cover'd with fort of Robe made of Beavers and Wolves-Skins, or >f black Squirrel^ holding a Pipe or Calumet in their lands. The Senators of yenice do not appear with a graver Countenance, and perhaps don t fpeak with lore Majefty and Solidity , than thofe Ancient frooHefe, This Nation is the moft cruel and barbarous of all tmericay efpecially to their Slaves, whom they take ibove two or three hundred Leagues from their )untry, as I Ihall (hew in my (econd Volume j lov/evcr, I muft do. them the Juftice to obferve, ^ that they have many good Qjialities ^ and that they ^ove the Europeans^ to whom they fell theii Commo- dities at very reafonable Rates. They have a mor- tal-Hatred for thof , who being too felf-intercftcd md covetous, are always endeavouring to enrich themfclves to the Prejudice of others. Their chief [Commodities are Beavers-Skins, which they bring from above a hundred and fifty Leagues off their 1 Habitations, to exchange them with the Englijhtind J)unh^ whom they aficft more than the Inhabitants of Canada^ becaufe they are mc^re aftable, and fell them their Commodities cheaper. One of our own Men nam'd Anthony Bro/fm'd^ who undcrllood very wcU the Language of the Iro* g®*- M. 42 dNeiff Difio^ry cf qnefe^ aUd therefore was Interpre;ter to M. de U MinX told their Aflmebly, ^h\^^■' r' I i^jftyy?, That we were come to pay them a \f iiit J and fmoak with them in their Pipes,*k Geremonyl which I fhall deferibe anon : ^nd, then we delj.| * vcr'djour Prcfents, confifting of Axes^ Knives, J great Collar of white and bke >Procelain , ^itJ fome Gowns. We made Prefeats upon every Point! we propos'd to theira, of the fame nature ^$ the! formcn ; .'*i Secontily^ We dclir'd them, in the next plaqe to| .give notice t6 the five Cantons of' thei/ Nation, that! wc were about to build a 5hip, or g^^eat wopddefll : Canou above the great Fall of the River Niagar^a^ tol go and fetch £«ylc!/>Mi!; Commodijies by a mqreconj venient paflage than the ordinary que, by theiPmrl St. Laurencfy whofe rapid Currenwm^kc it dafl,fteroiis| and long^ and that by thefe means w- fhould af-l ford them our Commodities 3:hj5arper than the, ^»J glijh and Dutch of Bofion and^ew-Tork. Thisficl tence was fpecious^nough, andy^ry well co(i^iv'il| to engage the barbarous Nation to extirpate tha £nglifi and Dutch out of Anerktt;: For they fuflerl ,the Europeans among them only for the Fear theyl have of them, or elle for thP Profit they make r\ Bartering their Commodities with; them. Thirdly y We told them farther, th«\t wc (houki j>ro-| vide ithem at the River Niagara with a Black-fmitli| antibiaifSun-rmith, to mend their oViis, Axes^^tj haviagono body among them thai:; undcrltoo^l ftl)atl . Tradc^ and that fpr the convenicncy'of their wjiolel Nation, we would ftttle thofe Workmen on thel Lake OT Ontario^ at the Mouth of, the River iVi>^<ur Voyage. This was the moft convenient place we could pitch upon, being upon a River which falls into the Streight, between the Lake £nV, and the great ^all of Niagara. The 26th, the Keel of the Ship [and feme other Pieces being ready, M. de la Salle Pent theiyiafter-Carpenter, to defirc me to drive in the Ifirft Pin •, but my Profelljon obliging mc to decline tfiat Honour, he did it himfelf, ^nd promis'd Ten \ Louis d'Or'^s^ to encourage the Carpenter, and further^ t}.ie Work. The Winter being not half fo hard in that Country as in Canada^ wc employ'd one of the |t\vo Savages of the Nation call'd the Wolf^ whom wq E 3 kept 48 'A New Difcovery of kept for Hunting, in building fome Cabins made of | Rinds of Trees \ and I had one made on purpofe to perform Divine Service therein on Smidays^ and othqr occafions. M. W# U Salle having (bme urgent Bufinefs of his I own, returned to Fort Bv /r*;f4c,leavingfor our Com- mander one Tontiy an It dim by Birth, who had been fbrc'd to retire into FtMnct after the Revolution of I i^MoUs^ in which his Father was concern'd. I con- duaed M. de U Salle as far as the Lake Ontario^ at the j Mouth of the River Niagara^ where we order'da Houfe to be built for the Smith he had promised to the Jrotjaefe ; but this was only to amuze them, and I therefore I cannot but own that the Savages are not I to be blam'd for having not believ'd every thing they | were told by M. la Moue in his EmbaiTie already re- lated. , He undertook his Journey a-fbot over the Snow,! having no other Provifions but a little Sack of /«- ^an Corn roalled, which ^il'd him two Days before j he came to the Fort, which is above fourfcore Leagues diftant from the Place where he left us. However he ftothome (afely with two Men, and a Dog, who' Hragg'd his Baggage over the Ice or frozen Snow. When I returned to our Dock, I underftood that moft of the Iroquefe were gone to wage War with a j Nation on the other fide of the Lake Erie. In the I mean time, our Men continu'd with great Applica- tion to build our Ship ^ for the Ire^nefe who were left behind, being but a fmall number, were not fo in- folent as before, though they come now and then to our Dock, and exprefs'd fbme Difcontent at what we were doing. One of them in particular, feigning himfelf drunk, attempted to kill our Smith, but was vigoroufly rcpuls'd by him with a red-hot Iron-barr, which, together with the Reprimand he receiv'd from me, obliged him to be gone. Some few Days after, a Savage Woman gave us notice, that the Tfoknomow aas had rcfolv'd to burn our Ship in the Dock, and had d Large Country /;i America. 49 had certainly done it, had we not been always upon our Guard. Thefc frequent Alarms from the Natives, together with the Fears we were in of wanting Provillons, ha- ving loft the great Barque from Fort Frontenacy which fhould have reliev'd us, and the TfonnomoHons at the fame time refufing to give us of their Corn for Mo- ney, were a great Difcouragement to our darpcnters, [whom on the other hand, a Villain amongft us en- \ deavour'd to feduce : That pitiful Fellow had feveral [times attempted to run away from us into^iVinr-Tor^, [and would have been likely to pervert ourCarpcnters, ^liJid I not confirm'd them in their good Refolution, by the Exhortations I us'd to make every Holy-day* itter Divine Service \ in which I reprefented to them, that the Glory of God was concerned in our Under- taking, befidcs the Good and Advantage ot our Chri- [ftian Colonies \ and therefore exhorted them to rc- Idouble their Diligence, in order to free our felves [from all thofe Inconveniences and Apprehenlions w6 [then lay under. The two Savages we had taken into our Service , [went all this while a Hunting, and fupply'd us with |Wild-Goats, and other Beaffs for our Subfiftenccj rhich encourag'd our Workmen to go on with their Vork more briskly than before, infomuch that in a lort time our Ship was in a readinefs to be launched > ^which we did, after having blefs'd the fame accord- Sing to the ufe of the Romipj 0\\xtc\\, We made all the hafte we could to get it afloat, though not alto- gether finifh'd, to prevent the Defigns of the Natives, who had refolv'd to burn it. The Ship was ^alPd the Griffm^ alluding . to the Arms of Count Fromenac^ which have two Gnjjins fur Supporters ; and befidcs, M. la Salle us'd to fay of this Ship, while yet upon the Stocks, that he would make the Gri^n fly above the Ravens, We fir'd three GunSgand lung Te Denm^ which was attend^ with loud AH:clamations of Joy ; of which thofe of the £ 4 - Iroquefe 5q a New Dlfcovery of Jrpquefe^ who were accidentally prefent atthisCerc- moiiy, were aifo Partakers ^ for we gave them lomq , Brandy to drink, as well as to our Men, who imme- aiately quitted their Cabins of Rinds of Trees, and hang'd their Hammocks under the Deck of the Ship, there 'to lie with more fecurity than a(hore. We did the like, infomuch that the very fame Day we were all on Board, and thereby out* of the reach of the Infults of the Savages. The Jroquefe being returned from hunting Beavers, were,mightily furprized to fee our Ship a-float, arid call'd us Otkofj^ which is in their Language, Moft pene^ tming Wits : For they could not apprehend how in £b fliott a time we had been able to build fb great a Ship, though it was but 60 Tuns. It might have been indeed call'd a moving Fortrefs j for alUhe Sa- vages inhabiting the Banks of thofe Lakes and RiVers I have mentioned, for five hundred Leagues together, were filled with Fear as well as Admiration whea theyfawit. '*' The beft Defigns are often crofs'd by fomeunex-r pefted Accidents, which God permits to happen, to try Mens Conftancy, as I experienced at that time. One of our Crew ga.ve me notice, that the Sieur dt Tonti our Commander, entertain'd fbme Jealoufie of me, becaule I kept a Journal of all the confiderable Things that were Tranfafted ^^ and that hedelign'd to take the fame from me. This Advice obliged me tq ftarid upon my Guard, and take all other Precauti- ons, to fecure my Obfervations, and renjove the Jea- loufie that Gentleman had of me : For I had no other Defign but to keep our Men to their Duty, andtq Ex^rcifes of Piety and Devotion, for preventing Dif- brderSj and for the furtherance of our Common UU" dertakmg, / In the mean time, our Enemies fpread very dif- advantagious Reports of us in Canada^ where we were reprefented as rafh and inconfiderate Perfons, for venturing upon fo dangerous a Voyage, •front which t at this CcFc- ivethem Ibmq n, who imme- of Trees, and ck of the Ship, a afliore. We f fame Day we of the reach of '\ inting Beavers, ip a-float, arid age, Moftpene- rehend how in build fo great a It might have for all-the Sa- ikesandRiv'ers igues together, miratiou when byfbmeunexr to happen, to d at that time, it the Sieur^fi ne Jealoufie of | e confiderable '"' lat he delign'd | obliged me tq her Precauti- movethejea- I had no other Duty, andtq eventing Dif- Commonlln^ sad very dif- , where we erate Perfbns, oyage, •froni which Large Comtry in America. 51 hich in their Opinion, none of us would ever re- This, together with the Difficulties wela- ivn. ioured under he tranfporting the Rigging of bur ^hip, and the other Inconveniencies neceflarily at- jnding a Voyage through an unknown Country, akes, and Rivers where no European had travelled :fore,and the Oppofitions from the Iro^uefe^Yfrought 1 me anunparallcl'd Vexation. But thefe Reports ^ere ftill more prejudicial to M. la Sa/le, whofe Cre- itors, without enquiring into the Truth of theMat- ir, or expeding liis return from For^ Fromenacy iz'd all his Eflfeas in Canada •, though that very Fort one, the Property whereof belonged to him, was orth twice more than all the Debts he ow'd. How* er it being impoflible to ftopthe Mouth of our lemies, who had no other Defign, than to oblige to give over our Enterprize, no^withltanding the rouble and great Charge we had been at for our reparations^ we refolved to wait with Patience, the pportunities, Divine Proyidcnce would prefent us ith, and to purfue with Vigour and Conftancy pur efign. Being thus prepar'd againft all Difcouragements, I ent up in a Canou with one of our Savages to the [outh of the Lake £r/f, notwithftanding the ftrong lurrent which I mafter'd with great difficulty. I lunded.the Mouth of the Lake and found, contrary >the Relation that had, been made unto me, that a hip with a brisk Gale might fail up to the Lake, and ^urmount the Rapidity of the Current ^ and that [therefore with a ftrong North, or North-Eaft Wind, we might bring our Ship into the Lake Erie, I took alfo a view of the Banks of the.Streight, and found that in cafe of Need, we might put feme of ourMen a-fhore to hall the Ship, if the Wind was not llrong enough, • . . CHAP. P 5* A New Difcovery of tU >i 1 SflT' ,Si^:li>m tt ^ i\ f W#^'t If! 1 'i B y j>' 1 ll >' ■ 1 ■ 1 1' li CHAP. XVII. I The AHthar^s Return to Fort Frontenac. BEfore we could go on with our intended Dilbo-' very, I was oblig'd to return to Fort Frontenac^ to bring along with me two Monks of my own Order, to help me in the Funftion of my Miniftry. I left our Ship riding upon two Anchors, within a league and a half of the Lake Erie^ in the Streight, between the faid Lake, and the great Fall of Niagara. Mr. Charon an Inhabitant of Canada, defir'd to go with me, to avoid the ill Ufage he receiv'd from M. Tonti^ who was an irreconcileable Enemy of all the Subjefts of the Kiag of Sfain^ having been, as he thought, hardly us'd by the Spaniards^ in the Re- volution of f^aples^ in which, he was concern'd as well as his Father. . VVe embark'd in aCanou with one of our Sava- ges, and fell down the Streight till we came to the great Fall, where we went a-fhore, and carry'd our Canou over-land to the foot of the great Rock already -^ention'd, and from thence we continued our Couv - to the Mouth of the Lake Ontario^ where we found the Barque or Brigantine we have fpoken of, which the Sieur la Forefi had brought from Fort Frontenac. M. la Forefi having fpent fome Days in that piuce for Bartering his Comm.odities with tiie Natives, we embark'd on board his Brigantine, to- gether with Fifteen or Sixteen Savage Women, who took tiic oppoitiinity tofail forty Leagues by Wa- ter, which othcrwife they had been obliged to tra- vel a-foot over-land through the Woodsy but they not being us'd to this way of Travell'ng, fell fo lick, that their Vomiting created aninfufTerableftink in our Ship. Being arriv'd into the River o^ Aouen^Htn^ M. la Fcrcfi exchang'dfome Brandy for Bcavcr-Skins ^ but i muff: contcfs this Commerce of Strong- Waters was never acceptable to mc ^ for if che Savages drmk d Large Country in America. jj drink but a little too much of that Liquor, they arc worfe and more dangerous than mad Men. Having done our Bufinefs in that place, we fail'd from the Southern to the Northern Coafts of the Lake ^ and the Wind being favourable we quickly piafs'd by the Village which lies on the other fide of Ktuu and GaneoHJfe^ but were becalm'd not far from Fort Frontenac^ which oblig'd me to get into a Onou with two Savages ft> manage it. We landed in the Iflcind of GoiUnsy fo nam'd from Sea-Fouls cif that Name, who abound in that place, and lay their Eggs upon the Sand where they are hatch'd by the Heat of the Sun. I carry'd away along with us four Bas- kets full of them, which we found very relifhing in Omelets and Pancakes. I was kindly received byfour Miflionariesofmy own Order that I found there, viz.. Father Gabriel de la Ribourdcy Luke Bniffety Zenohe Afambre^'SLlLid Milt'- than WatteaHy all Natives of the Spanijh Netherlands. They told me that they knew how much I bid fuf- fer'd in my Mijfion during the Winter, and chiefly from that Italian who deferted the Service of his Na- tural Prince, that is T'o;;^*! have already fpokenof. I concealed part of the Dircouragemenf> I had met with, becanfe I defigned to engage Father Gabriel and Zenohe in our Voyage, and alfo becaufe I knew that M. de la Salle^ whofe Temper I was acquainted with by my own Experience, made a conftnnt ufe of this famous Maxim, Divide & impera^ to difpofe v/ith a greater facility of the Men under him to com- pafs his own Defigns : And having as great a Paflion as he to difcover fome New Countries, I thought it befl: to make no Complaints, which he took very kindly, and received me in a very obliging man- ner. That Gentleman was Judicious, and of extraordi- nary Parts, and very dclirous to make him fclf fa- mous by fome New Difcoverics, about which we had frequent Conferences. He told nic fcvcral times That I M 54 ANm Difcovery of That he knew no Religious Order fo fit as ours, for improving New Colonies ; and he vvas a very good Judge in thofe , matters, having fpent nine or ten Years in another Order, of which he had difingag'd himfelf by Confent of the General, who in \d above a Hundred Acres more in the next Forelt to be clear'd and grubb'd up. We accepted this Gift in the Name of our Order, and lign'd the Deed, which was the firll that ever was tranfaded in that Country. The Notary's N«mc v^a^ la Meter ie. This being done, he delir'd thofe Francifcans that were to come with me, to prepare themfelves for their Voyage^ but the Wind being againlt us, we had a f«+iitient time for it, and to take our Mea- fiires concerning our dangerous Million. We made frequent Vilits to the Savages, whom we had per- fuaded to fettle themfelves near tiic Fort, who togc- tiicr with their Children, whom wc had taught to read and write, lamented much our Departure \ and and alfur'd us, that if wc did return in a fhort time^ they would pcrfaadc the rcll of ^he (uhabitaats ot ; ' *' . , the t% A Large Country in America. 55 I the Village of Ganeokfe jto come and fettle therafelvcs in the Neighborhood of the Fort. CHAP. XVIII. .Af7 Acxomit ^of CHY Second Embay kment from Fort Fronteaac. • > AFter fome few Days, the Wind coming fair, Fa- thers Gabriel^ Zenohe^ and I, went on board the [Brigantine, and in a fhort time arriv'd in the River of ihtTfonnomsuafi'^ which runs into the LakoOfjtario ^ where we continued fcverai Days, our Men being ivery bufie in bartering their Commodities with the ^Natives, who liock'd in great Numbers about us jto fee our Brigantine, which they admir'd, and [to exchange their Skins for Knives, Guns, Pow- |der and Shot, butefpecially for Brandy, which they love above all things: In the mean time, we had built a fmall Cabin of Barks of 1 rees about half a League in. the Wocc''}, to perform Divine Ser- vice therein without interruption, and waited till all our Men had done their Bufincfs. M. la Salle ar- ^rived in a Canou about eight Days after ^ he had taken his courfe by the Southern Coaft of the Lake, [to go to the Village of the TfomoritoiMns^ to whom he . I made fever al Prclents to engage them in our Intereil, land remove the Jealoulie they had conceived of our Undertaking, through the fuggeftions of our Ene- mies. All thcfe Impediments retarded us fo I0L5, that we could not reach the River Niagara before the 30th of 'July. On the 4th of tlie faid Month, I went over-land to the Fall of Nia^ara^ with a Serjeant cail'd la Fleur^ and thence to our Dock, within iix Leagues of the Lake Ontario j but we did not fmd there the Ship v,c had built: And met with anew Misfortune^ tor two young Savyges robb'd us of the Bisket we had ¥ V .T" ?l!^ 56 A New Difcovery of had for our fubliftance, which redue'd tis to great Extremity. We found at laft a half rotten Canou without Oars, which we mended as well as we could j and having made an Oar, we ventur'd our felves in that weak and (hatter'd Canou, and went up the Streight to look for our Ship, which we found riding within a league of the pleafant Lake Erit, We were very kindly receiv'd, and likewife very glad to find our Ship well rigg'd, and ready fitted out with all the NecelTaries for failing. She carry'd five fmall Guns, two whereof were Brafs, and three Harquebu7,e a-croch The Beak-head waa adorn'd with a flying Griffin, and an Eagle above it^ and the reft of the Ship had the fartie Ornaments as Men of War ufe to have. The Irocjuefe were then returning from a Warlike Expedition with feveral Slaves, and were much fur- priz'd to fee fo big a Ship, which they c ompar'd to a Fort, beybnd their Limits. Several came on board, and feem'd to admire above all thmgs the bignels of | our Anchors ^ for they could not apprehend how we had been able to bring them through the ra- pid Currents of the River St. Laurence. This oblig'd them to ufe often the Word Gamioromy which in their Language fignifies. That is wonderful. They wonder'd alfo to find there a Ship, having feen none when they wcnt^ and did not know from whence it came, it being about 250 Leagues from Canada, Having forbid the Pilot to attempt to fail up the Currents of the Streight till farther order, we re- turned the 1 5th and 1 7th to the Lake Ontario^ and brought up our Bark to the great Rock of Ni^ara^ and anchored at the foot of the three Mountains, where wc we,re obliged to make our Portage •, that is, to carry over-land our Canou's and Provifions, and other Things, above the great Fall of the River, which interrupts the Navigation : and becaufemoft of the Rivers of that Country are interrupted with - • , great a Large Country in America. . 57 rreat Rocks, and that therefore thofe who fail up- m the fame, are oblig'd to go over-land above thofe "alls, and carry upon their Backs their Canon's and >ther Things. They exprefs it with this Word, To nake our Portage ^ of which the Reader is defir'd to take notice, for otherwife the following Account, IS well as the Map, would be unintelligible to many. Father Gabriel^ though of Sixty five^Years of Age, )ore with great Vigour the Fatigue of that Voyage,, md went thrice up and down thofe three Moun- tains, which are pretty high and fteep. Our Men had a great deal of trouble ^ for they were oblig'd to make feveral Turns to carry the Provilions and ammunition, and the Portage was two Leagues )ng. Our Anchors were fo big that four Men lad much ado to carry one ^ but the Brandy we 'ave them was fuch an Encouragement, that piey furmounted cheerfully all the Difficulties of that Journey ^ and fo we got on board our Ship \][ our Provilions, Ammunitions, and Commodities. While we continu'd there, M. la Salle told me, 'liat he underftood by fome of our Men, that I ?ry much blam'd the Intrigues of fome Monks of Znmda with the JrocjHefe^ and their Neighbours of Nevp-Tork and New-Orange ^ which oblig'd me in his prefence, to tell my Brethren the /-Vrfwt/Yi^w.s That i percciv'd that }A.la Salle was minded to liirprizc me, and oblige me to revile fome Perfons, whom he re- yrefented as Traders and Merchants^ and then a- »t)ating fomewhat of my Tone, I concluded , That potwithJlanding the falfe Reports that had been made to him, I would entertain a good Opinion of thofe v^ery Perfons whom he dclign'd to make my Enemies ^ land that 1 wou'd rather give over our Enterprizethan be impos'd upon at that rate. This vigorous Anfwer furprrz'dM. /4 54//f, who told me, That he was per- fuaded that thofe who had made him thofe Reports^ I were not honefi; Men ^ and that therefore he woiud take all imagiaable care of my Ferfou during ihe Voyage \' 58 [A New Difeovery of Voyage, and efpoufe my Interefl on 3II occaUons.! He was Indeed afraid that I fliQuld leave him, which | had been a great dilappointmeiit to his Affairs \ fci Father Gabriel would have left him 'alio. That good I Man was come with us without any leave of his Superior, only upon a Letter from the Provincial Commiflioner of Canada^ whofe Name was f^alentm I le i^o//Ar,wherein he told M. la Salle ^ that the laid Father Gabriel might go along with him. However I he did not believe that he would do fo without an 1 Order in Writing ^ and for that realbn came fbme Days after our departure, to Fort Frontenac^ where M. la 5i«//«f obtain'd that Order from him, for fear of I being accus'd to have expos'd a Man of that Age to fo dangerous a Voyage, in which he was like to pc- rifh, as really he did ^ as we fhall fee by and by. M. la Salle underftanding that I and the faid Father Gabriel^ were gone to view the great Fall of iV^^^^r^, he came to^ us with fome Refrefliments to reconcile , himfelf with me, and prevent my return to Canada. He met with no great difficulty \ for the great defire I had to difcover a New Country, made me very cafie ^ fo that we returned on board our Ship in the beginning oi Angnffl^ ^^j^. I V. Ik CHAP. XIX. j4n Account of our Third Embarkment from the Month of the Lake Erie. "f X7 E have already obferv'd, that the Spaniards .V V were the firft Difcovcrcrs of Canada^ and that the Recollets are the firfl: Religious Order, who atten- ded the French Colonics in that Country. Thofc Ciood Men liv'd in great Friendfliip with the Savages caird Hurous^ by whom they underftood that the7rfl- tjitefe made frequent Excurlions beyond Virginia and New-Sweden^ near a great Lakc^ from whence they brought om the Mouth d Ldi^ge CDuntrj in Ahiericd. ^9 prouglit a great many Slaves \ which gave occafion [0 the Hurons to call that Lake, ^rlg€^ or Erlh ^ that, [s to fay, the Lake of the Cat, The Inhabitants of "anada, have foftned that Word j and call it Erie^ as ^c have already obferv'di * We endeavour'd feveral times to fail up that Lake \ ut the Wind being not ftrong enough , we were brc'd to wait for it. In the mean time, M. U Salle aus'd our Men to grub up fome Land^ and fow ft- eral forts of Pot-Heibs and Pulfe, for the conveni- ncy of thofe who Ihould fettle themfelves there, to aintain our Correfpondence with Fort Frontenaa Iq found there a great quantity of wild Cherries nd Rocambole a fort of Garlicky which grow natu- ally in that Ground. We left ¥athtv Melitho^^ wi^.h, me Work-men, at our Habitation above the Fall df 'iagara ^ and mofl of our Men went a-Ihore to ligh- en our Ships, the better to fail up the Lak6 The Wind veering to the North-Eaft, and the Shi^ eing well provided, we made all the Sail we could^ nd with the help of Twelve Men who halfd from he Shoar, overcame the Rapidity of the Current^ nd got up into the Lake. The Stream is fo violent^ hat our Pilot himfelf defpair'd of Succefs. WheJi was done, wefung Te Denm^ and difchat-g'd out annon and other Fire- Arms, in prefence of a great any Iroquefe^ who came from a Warlike Expediti^a gainft the Savages of Tintonha ^ that is to fay, the 'Tatl--^n of the Meadows^ who live above four hundred ^ eagues from that Place. The Iroijttefi and their Pri- bners were much furpriz'd to fee us in the Lake and^ 'id not think before that, w? (hould be able to over- ome the Rapidity of the Current: They cry'd fe- iveral times Gannorom^ to fliew their Admiration. ome of the Jrociuefe had taken the itieafiire of bUr Ship, and immediately went for New-Tork^ to give notice to the hn^lifii and i)utch of our failing irtto the Ukc : For thole Nations afTordiflg their Gommodi- 6o A New Difiovery of . tics Cheaper than the French^ are alfb more bclov'd by the Natives. P On the 7th of Aumfl^ i6'79. we went on board I being in all four and thirty Men, including two ^f. collets who came to us, and fail'd from the Mouth of the Lake £?■/>, fleering ourCourfe Well-Sonth-WeftJ with a favourable Wind ^ and though the Enemies of our Difcovery had given out, on purpofe to deter us from our Enterprize, That the Lake Erit was full of Rocks and Sands, which render'd the Navigatioa impradicable, we run above twenty Leagues during the Night, though we founded all that while. The next Day the Wind being more favourable, we made| above five and forty Leagues, keeping at an equal di- ilance from the Banks of the Lake, and doubled a I Cape to the Weft-ward, which we call'd the Cape of St. Francis. The next Day we doubled two other Capes, and tmet with no manner of Rocks or Sands. I We difcover'd a pretty large Ifland towards the South- 1 weft, about feven or eight Leagues from the Nor- thern Coaft ^ that Ifland faces the Streightthat comes from the Lake Huron, The icth, very early in the Morning, wepafs'dl between that Ifland and 7 or 8 lefier ones-, and ha- ving fail'd near another, which is nothing but Sand, | to the weft of the Lake, we came to an Anchor at i the Mouth of the Streight, which runs from the Lake I Huren into that of Ene. The 1 1 th, we went ^far-J ther into the Streight, and pafs'd between two fmaH Iflands, which make one of the fineft" Profpcds in the World. This Streight is finer than that of Nm- ^ara^ being thirty Leagues long, and every-where one League broad, except in the middle, which is wider, forming the Lake we have call'd St. CUirc. The Navigation is eafie on both iides, the Coaft be- ing low and even. It runs diredly from North to South. The Country between thofe two Lakes is very well lituatcd, and the Soil very fertile. The Banks of the Streight a Large Country in America* 6% streight are. vaft Meadows, and the Profpeft is ter-< linated with fome Hills cover'd with Vineyards, >ees bearing good Fruit, Groves, and Foreits, fo jcW difpos'd, that one would think Nature alone :ould not have made, without the Help of Art, fo :harmirig a Profpe -. . w. .. The I dhAYge Country in America. 63 The Wind (turning Southerly, we failed again ; and with the help of twelve Men, who hall'dour* Ship from the Shear, got fafely the 23d of Aitguf; into the Lake Hwron, We fung Te Denm a fecond time, to return our Thanks to the Almighty for our happy Navigation. We found in that Lake a large Bay, the Banks of which the Ancient Hurons inhabi- ted. They were converted to the Chriftian Religi- on by the firft Francifcans that came into Canada \ but the Iroquefe have in a great meafure dellroy'd that Nation. CHAP. XXI. ^n Accotmt of onr Navigation on the Lake Huron f^ Miflilimakinak. HAving thus travelled above 300 Leagues from Pueiec to the Lake Huron^ notwithftandiug the rapid Currents and Lakes we went through, we con- tinued our Voyage from the Mouth of this Lake, Steering our Courfe North-North-Eafl ^ but the next day,finding our felves near the Land, we fteer'dNorth- North-Weft, and crofs'd a Bay call'd Saklnam^ which may be thirty Leagues Broad. The 24th, we run the fame Courfe, but were becalm'd between fome IQaiids, where we found but two Fadioms Water, which obliged us to make an eafie San part of the Night, to look for a good Anchorage, but in vain ^ and the Wind turning then Weflerly, we bore to the North, to avoid the Coaft till the Day appeared. We founded all the Night long, hecaule our Pilot, though a very underllanding Man, was fomewhat negligent. The 25th, we lay becalmed till Noon, but then runNorth-VVcfl; with a brisk Southerly Gale. The Wind turning South- Wcft,we boi c to the North to double a Cape ; but then the Wind grew To vio^ lent, that we were forced to lie bv ail the Ni^Jit. f 3 ^ The IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^Ki I i.l 125 m m 12.2 us 110 '•'^ 1 '-^ Ii4 ^ b" »* ^ '/ 0> Photographic Sciences Corporation #1 ^^ <^ 4 ;\ 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WIISTIR.NY USIO (7U) 173-4503 fe Z :\ \ v"^^ '^^ 6^ A New Difiovery of Ifhe itfth, the Storrp .continuing, we brought dpwnl our Main Yards and Top-Maft, and let the Shipl drive at the Mercy of the Wind, knowing no placcl tomn into tolhelter our felves. M. USail^y not-l withftanding he was a Couragious Man, began to] fear, and told us we were undone ^ and therefor^l €very Body fell upon his Knees to fay his Prayers, and prepare himfelf for Death, except our Pilot, whom we could never oblige to prily,,i and he did nothing all that while but curfe and Orear againft M.U Salle ^ who, as he faid, had brought' -him thi- ther to make him perifli in a nafty Lake, and lofe the Glory he had acquired by his long and happy Navi- gations on the Ocean: However the Wind being ibme what abated, we hoifted up our Sail, andfbwe drove not above two Leagues. The 27th m the Morning, we continued our Courfc North-Weft | with a South-^ft Wind, which carry'd us the fame Day to Mijfilltnakinak^ where wc Anchor'd in a Bay at fix Fathom-Water, upon a fiimy white Bottom. That Bay is fticltrcd by the Coaft, and a Bank lyiag from the South- Weft to the North ^ but it lies cx- pos'd to the South Winds, which are very violent in that Country. Mijfiliniakinakis a Neck of Land to the North of the Mouth of the Streight, through which the Lake of the JUinois difcharges it felf into the Lake Hnnn, That Canal is about three Leagues long and one broad. Aboiit fifteen Leagues tp the Eaftward of AfiJfiUmakinak^ there is another point at tht Mouth of the Streight, whereby tht Upper Lake runs into that of //«row^ which Streight is about 5 Leagues broiid at its Mouth, and about fifteen Leagues long ^ but it prows narrow towards the Fall ot .S>. Mary^ which IS a rapid Stream interrupted by feveral Rocks. How- ever a Canon may go up by one fide, but it requires a great Fatigue ; and therefore the fafeft and ealicil way is to make a Portage above the Fall, to go and trade with the Savages inhabiting the B^nks of the Upper Lake. Wc A Lafge Coumrj in Artierica. 6^ We lay between two different Nations of Saya- gei \ thofe who inhabit the Pwnt of J^f^Umt^inak are call'd //«row, and the others, who, arc aboBft three or four Leagues more Northward, are OmtA- otuttz.. Thofe Savages were equally furpriz'd to fee a Ship in their Country \ andthenoife of our Gan- non, of which we made a General Difcharge, filFd them with great aftoni(hment. We went to fee the OmatHtmz.y.A^'di celebrated Mafsin their Habitation. M. USallew'd^ finely drefs'd, having a Scarlet Cloak with a broad Gold Lace, and moft of his Men with their Arms attended him. The Chief Captains of that People received us with great Civilities after their own way, and fomc of them came on Board with us to fee our Ship, which rode all that while in the Bay or Creek I have fpoken of. It was a diverting Profpeft to fee every Day above fixfcore Canou's about it, and the Savages ftaring and Admiring that fine Woodden Canou as they call'd it, They brought us abundance of Whitings, and fome Trouts of 50 and 60 pound Weight. We went the next Day to pay a Vifit to the Hnrons^ who inhabit a riffng Ground on a Neck of Land overagainft MffiUmakinak, Their Villages are forti- fy M with Pallifado's of 25 foot high, and always , Governor of Canada^ who waj his particular Friend. It muft be obler/ed, that the Governor is called Omontio by all the Savages. M. la Salle without asking any other Body's Advice, refolv'd to fend back his Ship to Niagara^ laden with f uiTs and Skins to difcharge his Debts *, our Pilot and five Men with him were therefore fentback, and ordered to return with all imaginable fpeed, to join lis towards the Southren Parts of the Lake, where wc (hould flay for them among the niikois. They Sailed the 1 8th of September with aWefterly Wmd, and fir'd a Gun to take their leave. Tho' the Wind was favotrrable, it was never known what Conrfc they ftecr'd, nor how they perift'd \ for after aH the Enquiries we have been able to make, we could never learn any thin^ elfe but the following Particulars. ' The Ship came *o an Anchor to the North of . the Lake of the iiiimis^ where ihewasftenbyfbme Savages, who told us that they had advifed our Mea to Sail along the COaft, and not towards the middle of the Lake, becaufc of the Sands that make the Navi- gation daAgerous when there is any high Wind. Owr Pilot, as I faid before, was didatisfied, and would ftcer as he pleafed, without hearkning to the Advice of the Savages, who, generally fpeaking, have more Scnfe than the Europeans think at firft j but the Ship was hardly a League from the Coafb, when it was tofs'd up by a violent Storm in fuch a manner, that our Men were never heard of fince •, and it is fup- - pos'd that the Ship flruck upon a Sand, and was there oury'd. This was a great lofs for M. U Salle ^nd ' other Adventurers •, for that Ship, with its Cargo, colt above Si\'ty thoufand Livres. This vrillfeeni incredible tomany, but not tothofe who will con- fider that the Riggiag, Anchors, and Goods were brought by Canou's from ^rkc toFort Fromenac^ which is fuch a vail Charge, that the Carriage of every A Large Coutitry m America. 6% every hundred Weight, either of Anchors^ . Gables, and the Like, coft eleven Livers. '^, laden wkh CHAP. XXIIL An ActMnt of our Bmharhment im Cami^s to continue our Difcovery^ from the Bay o/Puans, to the Miami's onthel^eoftheWmis, WE left the PoHtoHatami$ on the ipth of Sef- temher to continue our Voyage, being four- teen Men in all, in four Canou's. I had the Con- dud of thefmalleft, though it carry'd 500 Weight and two Men^ but my Fellow being newly come from Eurofe^ and coftfequently unskill'd to manage thefe fort of Boats, ! had the whole trouble upon me in any ftormy Weather. The other four Canon's were laden with a Smith's Forge, and Inftruments, and Tools for Carpenters, Joyners, and Sawyers, be- fides our Goods and Arms. We ftecr'd to the South towards the Continent from which the Ifland of the PoHtonatamis is near for- ty Leagtes diitant •, but about the middle of the way, in the Night time, we were furprized with a fud- den Storm , whereby we were in great danger. The Waves came into our Canou's ; and the Night was fo dark, di»t we had much ado to keep Com- pany together : However, we got ashore the next Day, where we continued till the Lake grew calm again, which was four Days after. In the mean time our Savage went a Hunting, but could kill no- thing but Si PorcHpincy which made our Gourds and I/idian Corn more relifhing. '^ The Weather being fair, we continued ourVoy- ' age the 25 th, andRow'd all the Pay, and bell part ot the Night, all along the Weftern Coaft of the Lake of the Illinois ^ but the Wind growing too high for us, we thought fit to l^nd upon a Rock, where . « ' yo A New Difcovery of where ^e had nothing to flielter onr felves againll: the Snow and Rain but our Blankets. We con* tinu'd there two Days, having made a little Fire with the Wood the Waves did iupply us with. The 28th, we proceeded oil our Voyage^ but the Wind forc'd us towards Night on a Rock cover'd j^ith thick Bufhes, where we remain'd three Days, and there made an end of all our Provifions, which con- iifted of Gourds and Indian Corn we had brought from the Poutouatami's, Our Canou's were fb loaded^ that we could not provide our felves for a longer time, and we expe^cd to find provifions enough in our way. We left that difmal Place the \fi of Oftober^znd after twelve Leagues rowing, though fafl:ing, came to another Village of the PoHtouatami's , who came upon the Shoar to receive us : But M. U SaUe would not fufl^r an^^one to land, left his Men Ihould run away ^ and notwithftanding the bad Weather, we follow'd him three Leagues farther. We were in fb great danger, that he flung himfelf into the Water with his three Men, and carry'd a-ftiore their Ca- riou upon their Shoulders, or elfe it had been broken to pieces. We were all oblig'd to do the faftie j and by thfife means fav'd our Canou's and Goods. I carry'd upon my Back that good Man Father Go* briel^ whofe great Age did not permit him to venture himfelf into the Water. ^ As we had *no manner of Acquamtancc with the Savages of the Village near which we landed, our Men prcpar'd thcmfelves to make a vigorous Defence in cafe they were attacked j and in order to it, pofleflied our felves of a rifing Ground, where we could not be furpriz'd, and where we might make head againll a great number of Savages. We fent afterwards three Men to buy-Prpvifionsinthe Village with theCW//t met or Pipe of Peace, which the PoiuoHatamPs of the Ifland had given us. I had forgot to mention that when they mudo us that Pi^fcut, they obferv'd a great d hurge Country in Aitierica. 71 great many Ceremonies; aad becaufe that Calnmet of Peace is the raoft facred Thing amongft the Sa- vages, I think fit to dcfcribe the &me in the next Chapter. '•/ m to venture CHAP. XXIV. A Defcrlftionof the. Caluntet, or great Tifi^ • THis Calumet is the mofl: myftcriotis Thing in the World among the Savagfes of the Continent of the Northern America •, for it is Tjs'd in all their im- portant Ifranfaftions : However, it is nothing elfe but a Inrge Tobacco-Pipe made of Red, Black, or White Marble : The Head is finely polifli'd, and the Quill ^ which is commonly' two Foot and a half longj is made of a pretty ftrong *R6ed, or Cane, adorn'd with Feathers of all Colours, interlac'd with Locks of Womens Hair. They tie to it two Wings of the moft curious Birds they find, which makes their Calumet not much unlike Mercury^ Wand, or " that Staff' A mbafladors did formerly carry when they went to treat of Peace. They ftieath that Reed into the Neck of Birds they call Huars^ wh'ich are as big as our Geefe , and fpotted with Black and White •, or elfe of a fort of Ducks who make their Nefts upon Trees, though Water be their ordinary Element, and whofe Feathers are of many different * Colours. However, every Nation adorns the Calu^ met as they think fit, according to their own Genius, and* the Birds they have in their Country. A Pipe, fuch as I have defcrib'd it, is a Pafs and fafe Condudt amongft all the Allies of the Nation who has given it ^ and in all Embaflies, theAmbaf. fadors carry that Calumet as the Symbol of Peace, which is always rcfpefted ; for the Savages are ge- nerally perfuadcd, that a great Misfortune would be- fel 'em, if they violated the Publick Faith of the ( Calumet, •TV? ■ b* 7^ A New Difm;ery of Cdumet.kW their Entcrpri2cs,Declarations of War,Of OHiclufions of Peace, as well as all the reft of their C^emotiies, are fealcd, if I may be permitted fip fay fo^ with this Calumet, They fill that Pipe witfr the beft Tobacco they have, and then prefent it to thofe with whom they have concluded any great Afl&ir, and fmoak out of the fame after them, lyfed certainly periih'd in my Voyage, had it not beeii f(|^tjmC?/«- met or Pipe, as the Reader will obl^vefti^^ftlfing the following Account. :. Our three Men, provided with this Pipe, as a Pafs, and very well Arm'd, went to the little Village of the Savages, which was about three Leagues from the place where we landed j but they found no bo- dy therein*, for the Savages having heard that we had refus'd to land at the other Village, thought wc wereEnemiesL and therefore had left their Habita- tion. Our Men finding no body in their Cabins took fome Indian Corn, and left inftead of it fome Goods, to let them fee that we were no Robbers, nor their Enemies. However, the Savages, to the number of twenty Men, arm'd with Axes, fmall Guns, Bows, and a fort of Club, which in their Language they call Break-heads^ advanced near the Place where we flood ^ whereupon M. /<« 5^//^, with four Men very well arm'd, went toward them to fpeak with them, and defired them to come near us, for fear, as he faid, a Party of our Men, who were gone a hunting, (houldmect with them and kill them. They were perfuaded to fit down at the foot of the Eminence where we were polled, and M. la Salle fpoke to them all the while of the fubjed iftat- ter of his Voyage, which he ' had undertaken for their good and advantage, as he told them.. This was only to amufe them till our three Men return'4 ; who appearing with the Calumet of Peace, the Sa- vages made a great Shout, and rofe, «nd began to dance. We made them Ibme Excufc becaufeof our Men having taken fome of their Corn, and told them d Large €0M»try i» America. jj them they had left the true Vaiae of it in Good^; which they took lb well, that they fent immediately for more, and gare us the next Day as much as wc could conveniently carry in our Cioou's. They retir'd ' towards the Evening ; and M. la SaHe ordered fome Trees to be Cut down, and laid crofs the W»fi to prevent any Surprize from the Savages. •;:! • Th#ifext Morning about ten a Qock, theOkieft of them came to us with their Calumet of Peace, and entertained us with fome Wild Goats they had taken. We returned them our Thanks, and pre- fented them with fome Axes, Knives, and feveral little Toys for their Wives, with which they were very much pleafed. C HA P. XXV. ji Contimation of omt Difcovery ^ tpith an Accmirit iff our Navigation to the farther end of the Lake of the IWmois in oar Catfofi's, WE left that place t!fc id of OMer^ and continued our Voya|,e all along the Coaft of the Lake, which is fo fteep that we could hardly find any piace to Land; and the Violence of ^ the Wind obliged us to drag our Canon's fomedmes to the top of the Rocks, to prevent their being dafli'd in pieces by the Waves. The ftormy Wea- ther lafted four Days, 'during which we fuffered very much ^ for every time we went a-lhore we were forced to ftep into the Water, and carry Our Canou's upon our Shoulders, and to do the like when we embarked again. The Water being very cold, molt of us wertfick, and our Provilions faii'd us again ^ which, together with the Fatigues of Rowing, caus'd Old Father C74^m/ to faint away in fucb a manner, that I verily tliought %is could not live 74 A Nei^ i)ifc Rain. ' • Ther^w^refofcore Savages of the Nation of the 0//«fl«/ifj«wi»j inhabiting ^the' Bay of Puans^ entampcd not far from us •, who having heard the Noife oui* Man had made, took the Alarm, andfent fomeof their Men to difcover \yho we were Thefe creep- ing upon their Bellies, ahd" keeping great Silence, came in the Night to oiir cinou's, and ftole aWay the Coat of M* ia Sailers FOotitian, and part of the Goods that were under it : But the Sentmel having heard fome Noife^ called iiSy and every body rua to his Arms. Til* Savages b^ing difcover'd, and thinking we w^re more numerous, cry'd. That they were Friends ^ .tut we anfwered them, That Friends did not come in fb unfeafonable Hours ^ and that they looked rather like Robbersi who^ defigded to murthtr us : Their Captain reply'd. That having heard the Noife of a Gun, and knowing that none Ot their Neighbours ufe Fire-Arms, they thought we wereaPartyof /ro^«f/r, and were come with a De- fign to murther them ; but that underftanding we were fome Europeans of Canada, wh«m they lord as their Brethren, they could hardly wait till Day to vifit us, and fmoak in our Calumet, or large Pipe. This is the ufual Complement of the Savages, and the greatell Mark they can give of their Aflfedion. O We 76 A New Dijcovery df >^ . Wefeemed to be (ktisficd with their Rcafbns, and gayc leave to four of them only to come to us, tel- ling them that we -would not fuffer a great number becaufe their Youth was addidedto Ileal, and that our Men could not fuffer it. Four Old Meneame to us, whom we cntertain'd till Day, and then they retir'd. After they were gone, we found we had been robb'd^ and knowing the Genius of the Sa- vages, and that if we did fuffeii this Affront, we fhould be expos'd every Nijght to their Infults ^ it was refolv'd to exac^ Satisfadion from them : Ac- cordingly M. la Salle went abroad with fome of our Men, to endeavour to take fome of them Prifoners \ and having difcovered one of their Hunters, hefeiz'd him, andexamin'd him concerning the Robbery they had committed : He confeft the Fad, with all the Circumftances *, whereupon he left him to the cufto- dy of two Men \ and advancing farther into the Country, took another; whom he brought along with him, and having (hew'd him his Companion, fent him back to tell their Captain, That he would Kill him, unlefs they return'd what they hadrobb'd, i: CHAP. XXVI. y/« AccoHttt of the Peace made bettveen its and the Out- tbnagami's. * 'np H E Savages were mightily puxzl'd at the Mef- X iiige fent'^by M. la Salle •, for having cut in pie* CCS the Coat, and other- Goods they had ftoU'n, and divided the Buttons, they could not makeatull Re- ftitutionj and therefore they refolv'd to deliver their Man by torce \ and accordingly the next Morning, Vtlober 30. they advanced to attack us. The PenwfuU where we were Encamp'd, was feparatcd ftt)mth€ Forcll, where the Savages lay, by a little fandy Plain; ard there being near the Wood two or three Emi- nences, M. la Salle relblv'd topoflcfs himfelf of the _. . higher HS and the Out- 4 Large CouMry in Atrierica. 77 iiighcr, and detach'd five Men for that Service^ fol- lowing hihifclf at a little diftance with the reft, fcve- ry one having rolPd his Covering about the left Axm^ to defend themfelves againft the Arfows of the Sava- ges ^ tor there Was not "above eight of them who had Fire-Arms. The Savagejs feeing our Men advancing iip to them, were frighted ^ artd the youngeft retired be- hind a great Tree^ but their Captains flood their ground, While* we polfeflTed our felves of the Emi- nence i have already mention'd. I left- the two Fran^ cifcans reading the ufual Prayers, and went with Our Men to exhort theni to their Duty 5 for having feen fome Bdttles and Sieges in Europe^ I was very little afraid of the Savages. I faw two of our Med turning pale ^ but when I had fpoken to them, they feemed hearty enough *, and M. la Salle was mightily pleas'd with my Exhortations. However I conudcr'd the confequences this Qjiarrel might have, and hov advantagious and Chriftian-like it would be to pre- vent the Effulion of Blood, and end it in a friendly manner *, ther^^fore I advanced towards theoldcfl: Sa- vage, who feeing me without any Arms, thought I came with a delign to be Mediator, and received mtf with Civility ^ butinthemeantime, oneofoilr Men having obferved, that one of the Savages had a piece of the Cloth they had ftoU'n about his Head, came tip to him, and fiiatch'd it away. That vigorous Aclion fo much tertify'd the Savages, that though they were near fixfcore Men agamft eleven, they pre- fented me the Pipe or Calumet of Peace, which I re- ceived. M. la Salle having pafs'd his word that they might come fafe to him, two old Men told him in a Speech, That they did not approve what their young Men had done: That they would have rcftor'd the Goods taken, if it had been poffible v but that having been cut in pieces, they could do no more than offer to rcllorc what was not fpoilcd^ and pay for the reft. They prcfented us at the fame time with fom« G i Gowns » » ■ I ' ■. fi '■ ^ J New Difcov^fy cf \ iGbwns made df Beavers-Skins to appeafe M. A Sklli^ ffho having frown'd a little, told them. That as he dngnM to wrong or affront no body, he wpuld nei- ther fiifier any wrong or aflrontto be put upon him^ tbut^that feeing they did not approve what their YoiithJiad done, and were willing to make fatif- fedion for the fame, he accepted their Offers, and would be their Friend. The Condition^. ♦were fully performed, and the Peace happily concluSid without isu^her Hoftility. • The next Day was fpent in Dancing, Feafting, and Speeches 3 and the Chief Captain having taken a particular notice of the Behaviour of the Frari- cpfcdns^ laid, Ihefe Grey Coats we valne very much ^ thiy g9* barefoot as well ss we : They [corn our Beaver'pewm^ and refufe all other Vrefenti: They c^irry no Arms to kii Hs : They flatter and make much of our Childreny and give them Knives knd other Toy s^withont exftBing any Reward, Thofe amof7gfi us who have been »» Canada, tellns^ That Onnontio ( fb they call the Governor ) loves them yery much \ and that they have quitted all to come to fie m» Therefore be fleas* Jy Thou who art Caftain of theft I Men^ to learue an^ongfi us one of thefe Grey Coats^ whom HV fhall bring to our tillage, when we have killed wild Bttllsy and make much oj him. Thou art iikewife Mi^er of thefe Warriours^ and therefore remain amongfl hSyJnfitad of going among ribf Illinois, who have refolv'd rr murther thee and all thySoldiexs: jind how can ft thou refifi fo great a Nation f ) The Captain of the Savages told us, that the Illi- nois ! liad burnt alive an Iroqucfi^ who confefsM that the War the Iro<]uefe made againit them, had been fomented by the Inhabitants of Canada^ who hated them. He told us alfo many other things, which frighted our Men, and made M. la Salle ycry melan- uhqily ^ for all the Savages we had already met, had told us almoll tiie Ihme thing. However, knowing how ^rcat was the Malice of our Enemies, and therc- ti>rc iufpcding that thefe things might have been fug- gelled / A Ltirge Country f» 'Ataericz^ 9^ geftdf to the Savages, in order to c^ltgeus toigjlti^ over our Enterprize vor elfe tiiat >k wa^ sGo^i trivance of the Neighbours of the^iBiWi^ who ivseriB afraid that they fhould grow too powerfo^ if ^wi taught them the ufe of Firc-Arms,,wc rcfohr^ tn* go on with our Voyage, taking in the meanitiBK all necefl&ry Prccautioiw for our Security. W«tx)ld the Omoikgami\Thzt we were much obli^d to them for their MdOflfen ind Advice^ but that wewer^ not afraid of the JUimis^ &r the Spirits knDw:HoiBr to gain the Frtendfhip of any Natk>ii, by Rcafon of by Force. 'Tis to be obfcrv'd, $Jtit the Savagcs*e- ing not able to conceive howtbe£«r0ff4»^ can havo more Wit than they, and admiring lonie Toysand other things wc bring from£iofipr, own that tbe^ are but Men, but that we 9t^^imt^ at^d thci^it call us (b. bfw The next Datf^ Novembtr u WC embarked ort«M Lake of the WiioU^ and came to the^ Mouth of the River of the MtMm^s^ which rufi)^ from the Scmtbl and falls into the Lake. We had appoint^ that^ Place for our Rendezvous, ind expctelto meet there the twenty Men We had left atA/Stj^*i«ifltff4i(^ who1]ie'» iagoider'd to cohie along the odier Qiaft oFthe Lake, had a much fhorter qatthan we, andbeffd^s their Canon's were not ib^mocli loaded as ours. However, we found no body ^iete4 nor any Mark \v hereby it could appear that they na4 I^eenintJ^t Place. T We refolv'd to tell U.^Jm Salle^ that irWas not fit to tarry any longer for them, nor expofeour felves to the Hardfliip of the Winter ^ ancl that it would be then very difficult to nicet with the Mf» nois^ bccaufe they divided themfetvts into Ti^ibcs or Families, to fubfift more conveniently ^ That if we were fbrc'd to remain there during the Winter, aM that the Game fhould come to ia\i us, all his''Mcin would certainly pcrifti with Hunger •, whereas! wo might expc(^ to nnd fome InS*n Corn amoaglt the Jllimii-^ who would rather fupply with l^rtmlions Q 3 fourtcea $0 'ANrnDifiovtryof , fourteen Men than t^o and thirty. We tofd hini Ukcwifey that it would be in a manner impoflihle to continue our Voyage till the Winter was over, if he tarry'd any longer, becauft the Rivers would be hottn all over, and therefore we could not make uie oif our Canou's. Notwithflanding thefe Reafons, tA, h Salle told us, that it was neceflfary toexped the reft of his Men, becaufe we fhould be then in a Condition to difcovcr our felvcs to the ////ww, and make an Alliance with them v whereas, we fhould be expos'd to their Mercy and Scorn, if we o^r'd to enter into their Country with fo few Men; but in the mean time he would endeavour to meet with fbmc of that Natibn, and gain them by prefents to learn their Language y concluding, that although all his Men fhould runaway, he would remain alone fvithour Savage, and find means to mentain the three Miifionaries,* meaning I and iny two Brethren. HaviJig therefore call'd his Men together, he told them. That he was relblvcd to expeft the reft (rf their Companions ; and propos'd to build a Fott iq that Flace for iecuring our Ship ^ for we did not Icn6wt hen that it had perifh'd \ as alfo to iecureour Gciod^-and ourlbives too, in cafe of any Difgrace. Our Men ieemed ^vo^y nuich diflatisfied ^ but he usM fo many Reafonsi^' that they told him ^t laft, they would entirely follow his Direction. ' ^m €'H A P, ,XXVIL At Accfunt ^f tht Bnilding of 4 F^rt an4 4 ff»iifi nt^ r^f ^»a/rr Miamiis. IU ST at the Mouth of the River» there was an Eminence, with a kind of a Platform natu- rally fortyfi'd: \t was pretty high and ftecp, of i| Triangular Form, defended on two fides l^y the Ri- vcr, and on the other by a deep Ditch, which the Fall bfc V . a. Large Country in AHierica,* 5-1 Fgll of Watershad made. We fcH'd the Trees^ha t were on the top of that Hill, and haring elearU tBc fame from Bafhes for about two Musket-lhot, we be- gan td build a redoubt of Forty foot long^ «rt J>ife&Very tf > CJoat; (pm«fc«r Swans, ahd t^c^Bullards, which ^iftis, no fofficiettt M^ntain^e foir two and tMfty Men, ^oft of. them were lo w^ry of Ais labi iio^ tife, that tficy Would haV«rufi away^^if J^f- iijife, an4gonc to theS^vagciV#ho were flcjill^ ibjr from us, as we i&dg'd bj the great FirtS We^ i&w*,in the Plain. There mtift b6^^^ hurtittierablc quaftifity of wild Btills in that dountry, fi«bc the Earth tscoverM with their HofrtSi The A^rfiMVAufil^ them- towards the latter end of Antumn. „..^. . \¥e continu'd one Courle jipon this River veryi near X\\t whole Monrii of Decemer/^ biit toward thej fetter t»id of the faid Month, KJ79. we arrived atj the Village of the lUimis^ whiqh lies near one hun- dred ,and thirty L^gues from Fort Miarius^ on thc^ ^3Eate:t>f the Tto/. ■ We fiiffer^ Very liuchin fhfej tm^% for the Sa'iriiges hating fet the I&rbi of tii^'Wain on fire, the wild Bulfe were fled ti*ayV imtf fo we could kill but otte^ aid lome Tbrltjef €0cks: God'^s Pt^bvidence fui^ported us all thfe While) -^M When wc thought that the Extremitic^ewc * TcduicM tOj we^^ paft all hopes oif Remedy, i^foui %^pt6iitgious big wild Bull, lying M in the} Wtid, tiS River. We kilFd him andhiimnch^adotegi_ vliitti'obt of the Mud. this WifTgrcat lUfi-eJhme^l ^im)uf M^n, andrevilr'd tlkii^ ^urage ; fo^^'tc^J •ilrSfiitly unesnjjeetedly rielwV'dJ they condided'th^ ^yprQv\il^t Dd^ <>^ - ■ I, : uii- CH A P. x; .'V •;i ,fi ^; bn«ot ■ traol \[u^ ■ ^^^firiptiotrofihefftemiftf if the rpild XmBs' atrd C&m ^ ' hythe Sofua^s \ Of the bt^»eftof thofe Beafis \mid4\ ^^^■fhe 'j4dvantages and Jmfrwememi thtu mdiytk^inUde if ^^ ^' theflain xpheretheyPafiure *^imdiBftheWoedhki¥iidfm, f>3 !^ WHcQ the Batages difcover a greit Ntiihber of thofo Beaft^ together, they UH^Wife.^lfemi ] Buihfds, i^hich two and tidftf ry of this lalK^ Bfi away. y were ikj^ftry gteUt Fk¥s Wl intry,Kinbc thi tumn, this River vefjfl btit toward thi >. we arrived s near one hu Miarhis^ on thf Ty rihictflrifhl t the Ffta-bs ; ere ^sdi^zj l^me ll^^fcbj IS all th^iWMl^ emitie»^c# incdy,i^iSu flrlathc^Miid nncl^ad6t6g^ atlUfyhic^ # \m^i^ cofldtfd^th V W *" J,,- M.{ •.:M mJty^hi^n4deif\ i(lF(^-r ble" %^ .H*^^-^**"*' - -v^ ^.^m"^' ^^R-"^^^ ' ■-— _- - - • — — - "" -i* ~ ^ — ^ ===r •.: i^:^^-^ =rT:=: ==^ Ml "^ '■"./>. Is - l 11 !-;j*a'"»Hi»l44»»» - "!tfs.. >^> v^ ;, W ^ <^"v Ji» 'iMlr !: A ■' *, 1 «» 4 { ' "fffffr'-ii^ "-^-TTTe^^ ry :^>,./..4Ac 4 Lsrge Countfy ifi America. ij Ible their whole Tribe to encompafe theB6lk,and tbea fet on nte the dry Herbs about them, except ia Home jjacesj whjni they leave frec^ and thereni lay themlelves-iar•>»• 94 A Neso Dtfcovery of turn'd; but fome others had been fb tcrrifi'd, tjiat they did not come back till three or four Days after that they were told that'we had fmoak'd in their Cir- Inrntt of Peace. In the mean time we haddiicouhM tlie Chiefqf the i7//>7Mj by our Interpreter, and tpid them that we were Inhabitants of Canada^ and their Friends ^ t)iat we were come to teach them the Knowledge of the Captain of Heavei; and Earth,and the ufe of Fire-arms, which were unknOV^^n to them \ with feveral other things relating to their advantage.] We were forced to make ufe of thefe mctaphorit;' | cal ExprcfTions, to give them fome Idea of the Su- pream D E I T Y. They heard our Difcourfes with great attention, and afterwards gave a great Shout for Joy, repeating thefe Words '.Te^atom^Nlha-^ That is, Well^ my Brother^ my Friend \ thou haft done very veil. Thefe Savages haVe more . Humanity than all the others of the Northern America'^ and underftand- ing the Subjeft of our Errand, exprefs'd great Gra- titude thereupon. They rubb'd our Legs and Feet near the Fire, with Oil of Bears and Wild Bulls Fat, which, after much Travel, is an incomparable Re- frefiiment^ and prefented us fome Flefh to eat, put- ting the three firt Morfels into our Moiith with great Ceremonies. This is a great piece of Civility amongft them. M. la Salle preiented them with Ibmc Tobacco from Martinko^ and fome Axes ^ and told them, that he had delired them to meet to treat about fome weighty Matters j but that there was one in parti- cular, which he would difcourfe thctn upon before any other. He added, that he knew how neceflSry their Corn was to them j but that being reduced to an unfpeakable Necefllty when became to their Vil- Lige, and feeing noprobabilit^tofubfift, he had been ibrccd to take fome Corn from their Habitations without their leave : That he would give 'cm Axes, aiid other things, in lieu of it, if they could fparc it j ' that A Large Country in Ameriea. :»^ 95 that if they could iiot, ^Ifiey were free to take it again i concluding, that iftiiey were not abte to fupply us with Provifions, he defigned to continue his Voyage, and go to their Neighbours,, who would heartily give him whait was necelTary for his Subfi- ftence; but however, to Ihew themliis Kindhefs, he would leave a Smith among them, to mend their [, Axes and other Tools we fhould fupply them with. Jhe Savages having confidered our Propofals, granted all our Demands, and -made Alliance with us. We were obliged to ufe mariy Precautions to make our Alliance laftmg and fblid, becaufe our Enemies did theif utwoft to prevent it. The very fame Day we came to the Camp of the JlUmis^ one of the Chief Captains of the Mafcoutens^ whofe Name was Monfo^ arrived alfb with ibme iW/rf«;»V, and other young Men, who brought with them fomc Axes, Knives, Kettle?, and other Goods. Our Enemies had chofen him for that Embaflie, knowing that the Jllinois would rather believe him than the Miami's^ becaufe they had never been in War with the Mafcou- tens. This Savage arrived pretty late, and caball'd all the Night long againft us : He told them, That M. U Salle was a great Friend of the Iraqnefe^ who were to follow him fpeedily with (bme of the EHropeans from Canada^ to invade them, and deftr6y their Na^ lion \ and that he was fent by fome of the Europeans themfelves, who could not approve that Treachery of their Country-men, togive them notice thereof, that they might not be furpriz'd. He enforc'd his Arguments, by prefenting them with all the Goods' he had brought along with him *, and thinking he had jgain'd his Point, went back the fame Night, fear* iiig, with much Reafon, that M. U Salle would re^ fent that Mafler-piece of Villany, and punifh him for it. The Illwois were alTembled in Council all the Night, (tor they never Treat of any fecret Ai+'airsdu- ring the Day) and did not know what Me^fiircs to 'A. H 3 ;.u^<,- take ^6 ' iA New Dffiovery of take ; for tho' they did not believe all the Storied the | M^fiq9:iolis againft our Voyage, -nuoif. ^ • ■ Our Interpreter told him, by order of M. laSalif^ that we were much obliged to him for the Advices he gave us i but that the Difficulties and Dangers he had mentioned, would make our Enterprize ftill more glorious i that we fear'd the Mafter of the Life of 41 Men, who rul'd the Sea, and all the Worlds and therefore would think it Happincfs to lay down our Lives to make his Name known to all his Creatures, We added, that we believ'd that moft of the Dan- gers he had mention'd were not in being, but that thcFriendlhiphehad for us, had put him upon that Invention, to oblige us to remain with them. Wq thought fit, however, to let him know, that we per-i ceiv'd our Enemies had fomented fome Jealoulles in their Mhid, and that they feem'd to miftruft our De* figas ; but as we were lincere in our Dealings, wg H4. dQfir'd '-98 A I^ew Difeovery of ^ dcfired them to let us know freely, and without any Difguife, the Grounds of their Sufpicions, that we .finight fatisfie them, and clear our felves ; concluding, that feeing our Demand was To juft and equitable, We expeded'they would grant it, orelfe that we ihould have reafon tb think that the Joy they had ex- prefs'd upon our Arrival, and the Friendlhip they had iince Ihew'd to us, was nothing but a Deceit andDif- iimulation. 'M^^w^p* was not able to anfwer us, and therefore chan^'d his Difcourfe, defiringus to eat. The Dinner being over, our Interpreter reallum'd his Difcourfe j and told the Company, that we were not furprii'd at the Envy their Neighbours exprefs'd about our Arrival into their Country, bccaufe»they knew too well the Advantages of Commerce, and therefore would ingrofs it ^o themfelves, andobftruft by all means our good Correfpondefice ^ but that we wonder'd that they would give Ear to the Suggcflions of our jQotnmoQ Enemies, and conceal any thing from us, Iince we ha4 fo finpf rely acquainted them with our Deligns. r? m . . ' ^v^Wedidmtfleef^ Brother^ faidlic, direding his Dif- courfe to iViV/iw^pf, wheniAx^rSo was caballing amon^ yQH iff the Night to mr Prejudice^ endeavouriftg tomakeyoH . telieve that we were Spies of the Iroqpel^. The Prefims ik^ made to enforce his Lies^ arejljll hidden in this Cabin. r/$Ht why has he rim a:a>ay immediately after ^ inftead efaf' .fearing publickly to jnfiifiehis Accttfation? Thonarta JVitneJs thyfelf^ that Hpotf our landing we might have kilPd all thy Nephews^ and done what pur J^nemies tell you wt /jdejigntodo^ after we have tpade jiUiance with thee^ and fettled pur felves ^mongftyq^. But if it werf our Defigriy whyjhpuld we d^fer to put it into execution .<* And who hin- ders pur Warriours^ who arp here with me^ to kill all of 1 you whilfiyour young J\ien an a Hunting f Thou hafi heai tcld^ that our Valour is terrible to the Iroquefe themfelves^ ar.d therefore we need not their AJftfiance to wage War with phee^ Ij it were our Defign, :ions, that we & Large Country in Americst. 99 But to remove even the leafi Pretence offetfpicion and Jealonjiey fend fomehody to bring bach that malicious Ac- cufer^ and we will flay here to confute him in *hy Vre fence: for how can he know «*, feeing he never faw nsin his Lifef j4nd how can he be acquainted with thefecret League we have made with the Iroquelb, whom he knows only by Name ? Conpder our Equipage ^ We have nothing but Tools and Goods^ which can never be made ufe of, but for the Good of thy Nation, and not for its Deftruftion, as our Enemies would make thee believe. This Difeourfe mov'd them very much ; and they fent after lionfb to bring him back; but the Snow which fell that Night fpoil'd the Trad, andfohe could not be overtaken. He had remained for Ibme Days not far from jus, to knoivwhat would be the fuccefs of his Embaflife. However, fome of our Men lay under fuch terrible Apprehenfions, that we could never recover their Courage, nor remove their Fetrs; fo that fix of them who had the Guard that Night * (among which were two Sawyers, the moft neceflary of our Workmen for building our Ship) runaway, taking with them what they thought neceHary \ but confidering^ the Country through which they were to Travel, and the Seafonof the year^ we may fay, that for avoiding an uncertain Peril, they ex- pos'd themfelves to a moft certain Danger. M. la Salle feeing that thofe fix Men were gone, and fearing that this DefertiOn would make adifad- vantagious Impreffion upon the Savages, he order'd his Men to tell tht Illinois, that he hadrefolv'd to fend after them to punifh them as they deferved -, but that the Seafon being fo hard, he was loath to expofe his Men •, and that thofe Deferters would be feverely punifhed in Canada, In the mean time we exhor- ted the reft to continue firm in their Duty, afiiiring them. That if any were afraid of venturing them- felves upon the River ot Mefchafift, becaiife of the Dangers Nikanape had mention'd, M. la Salle would give them leave to return next Spring to Canada,^ndi ' . allow f! i I loo J New Difcovery of allow them a Canon to make their Voyage ; where- as they could not venture to return home at this time of the Year, without expofing themfelves to perilh with Hunger, Cold, or the Hands of the Savages. They promis'd Wonders \ but M. U Sallt knowing their Inconftancy, and diflembling the Vexation their want of Courage and Refolution caus'd him, rcfolvM to prevent any farther Subornation, and to leave the Camp of the JlUnois ^ but left his Men fliould not confcnt to it, he call'd them together and told them we were not fafe among the IlUmis^ and that perhaps the IroefHffe would come in a little time to attack them; and that thefe being not able to refift, they were like to run away, and betake themfelves to the Woods, and leave us expos'd to the Mercy of the /ro^^y*, whole Cruelty was fufEciently known to us j there- fore he knev^ no other Remedy but tofortific a Poft, where we might defend our fclvcs bothagainft the //- limis and JroojHefe^ as occafiou ftiould require. Thcfc Reafons, with Ibme other Arguments whichladdeci to the fame purpofe, proved powerful enough to en- gage them to approve M. U Salli% Defign \ and fo it was relblved to build a Fort in a very advantageous Place on the River, four Day's Journey below the great Village of the IlUnoii, "mm . k CHAP. XXXIII. ' r KefleBions upon the Temper and Manners of the lUi- y. nois, and tl)e little Difpfifition they have to embrace ChriJ^iafuty, -i h, BEfore I fpeakin paiacularof the Illino'n^ I think to obferve here, that there is a Nation of the Miami's^ who inhabit the Banks of a fine River,with- in fifteen Leagues from the Lake, in the Latitude of 41 Degrees. \\\t MaskoutensdinAOnttoHoganu^s live more Northward on the River Mcllwki^ whi(;h runs into n hsrge Country in America, \o\ into the Lake in the Latitude of 43 Degrees. To the Weft of it live the Kikapous and Aimves^ who have two Villages *, and to the Weft of thefe there is the Village or the Illinois Cafcafchia, fituated towards the Source of the River Checagoumenans, The Anthou^ tantas and Maskoutens-Nadouejftans live within one hundred and thirty Leagues of the Illinois^ in three great Villages, on the Banks of a fine River which difcharges it felf into the great River Mefchajipi. We fhall have occafion to talk of thefe and feveral other Nations. Moft of thefe Savages, and efpecially the IlUmir^ make their Cabins of flat Rufhes, which they fow to- gether, and line them with the lame j fo that no Rain can go through it. They are tall, ftrong, and ma- nage their Bows and Arrows with great dexterity j for they uid not know the ule of Fire- Arms before we came into their Country. They are Lazy, Vaga- bonds, Timerous, Pettiih, Thieves, and ibfond of their Liberty, that they have no great Refped for their Chiefs. Their Villages are open, and not cnclos'dwith Pallifado's, as in fome other Places, becaufc they have not Courage enough to defend them, for they fly away as foon as they hear their Enemies approach. Befides their Arrows, they ufe two other Weapons, a kind of a Pike, and a Club of Wood. Their Coun- try is fo fertile, that it fupplies them with all Necef- faries for Life, and efpecially fince we taught thcin the ufe of Iron Tools to cultivate it. Hermapljrodites are very common amongft them, which is fo much the more furprizing, oecaufe 1 have not obfcrved any fuch thing amongft the other Nations of the Northern /America, Poligamy is al- lowed among' them ^ and they generally marry fe- veral Sifters, thinking they agree better than Stran- gers. They arc exceedingly Jealous, and cut the Nofcs of their Wives upon the Icalt fufpiciou. Not- wivh w.' 102 A New Difcovery of vrithilanding they have feveral Wives, they are To lafcivious as to be guilty of Sodomy, and keep Boys whom they cloath with Womens Apparel, becaufc they make of them that abominable Ufe. Thefe Boys live in their Families amongft Women, without going either to their Wars or Hunting. As to their Religioa 1 obferv'd that they are very fuperftif ious:; but I cou'd never difcover that they had any Worfhip, nor any Reafon for their Superftition. They arc great Game- ilers,as well as all the other Savages that I have known in America. As there are fome llony Places in this Country^ where there is a great quantity of Serpents, very trou- blefome to the Illinois^ they know feveral Herbs which are a quicker and furer Remedy againft their Venom, than our Treacle or Orvietan. They rub themfelves with thefe Herbs, after which they play with thofe dangerous serpents, without receiving any hurt. They take the young ones and put them fometimes into their Mouth. They go ftark naked in Summer- time, wearing only a kind of Shooes made of the Skins of Bulls •, but the Winter being pretty fevere in their Country, tho' very fhort, they wear Gowns made of the Skins of Wild Bealls, or of Bulls,which they drefs and paint moft Curioufly, as \ have alrea- dy obferved. , The Illinois^ as moft of the Savages of jimtirica^ being brutifli, wild, and ftupid, and their Manners being fo oppolite to the Morals of the Gofpel, their Converfion is to be defpaircd of, till Time and Com- merce with the EurofcHns has remov'd their natural Piercenefs and Ignorance, and thereby made 'em more apt to be fenfible of the Charms of Chriflianity. I have met with fome who were more teachable*, and Father Zenohe told me, that he Baptized two or three of them at the point of Death, becaufc they delir'd it \ 'and fhcw'd fome good Difpofition to induce him tf> i;rant that Demand. They will readily fuffer us to taptizG their Children, and would not rcfufe it ,. them- A large Country in America. , loj [themfelves ^ but they are incapable of any previous Inftrudion concerning the truth of the Gofpel, and the Efficacy of the Sacraments. Would I follow the Example of fome other Miflionaries, I could have boafted of many Converfions j for I might have eafi- ly baptiz'd all thofe Nations, and then fay, as I am afrai4 they do without any ground, That I had con- I verted them. Father Zemhe had met witif two Savages, who had Ipromis-d to follow him every where, whom he in- ftnifted and baptiz'd •,but tho' they were moretradla- ble than the reft, they would not leav-e their Coun- try \ and he underftood afterwards, that one of them, whofe Name was Chajfagottache^ was dead in the hand's \ohhe Jnnglers^ andconfequently in the Superftitions of his Country-Men -, fb that his Baptifin fcrv'd only to make him duplo FiUus Gehenna, CHAP. XXXIV. An Account of the Building of a New Fort on the Rl^^'ir of the Illinois, named by the Savages Checagou, and by m Fort Grevccoem' j as alfo a Barque to go down the River Mefchafipi. IMuftobfervehcrc, that the hardeft Winter lafts not above two Months in this Charming Country^ fo that on the 1 5 th of January there came a fudden Thaw, which ^made the Rivers Navigable, and the Weather fo mild as it is with us in the middle of the Spring. M. la Salle improving this fair Scafon, de- fir'd me to 20 down the River with him to choofc a Place fit to build our Fort. After having view'd the Country we pitch'd upon an Eminence on the Bank of the River, defended on that fide by the River, and on two others by two Ditches the Rains had made very deep by fucceflion of Time •, fo that it was ac- ccinbic only by one way j thereforc.wc caft a Line . / « 104 A New Difcil. We plac'd our Forge along the Curtain on the fide of the Wood, and laid ina great quantity of Coals for that ufe . In the mean time our thoughts were always bent towards our difcovery, and M. la Salle and I had fre- quent Conferences about it: But our greateft diffi. culty was to build a Barque •, for our Sawyers being gone, we did not know what to do. However, as the Timber was cheap enough, we told our Men, that if any o£ them would undertake to law Boaixis for Building the faid Barque, we might furmount all other Difficulties. Two Men undertook it ^ and though they had never try'd it before, they fucceed- cd very well, fo that we began to build a Barque, the' Keel whereof was forty two Foot long. Our Men went on fo briskly with the Work, that on the firfl: of March our Barque was half built, and all the Timber ready prepared for the finilhing of it. Our Fort was alfo very near finilh'd ^ and wenam'dit the Fort of Crcvccccnr^ becaufe the defertion of our Men, and the other Difficulties we labour'd under, bad almoft broke our Hearts. Tho the Winter is not harder nor longer in the Country of the IHimi<^ than in Provence^ the Snow remain'd upon the Earth, in the Year i58o, for twenty days together, which had not been fcenin the Mcmoi y ot Man. This made tlic Safages niigh* • ' tily 1 A Large Country in America. '%6^ tily concern'd, and brought upon us a World of In- conveniences, bcfides the many others we fufl^i^d. In the mean time we perfefted our Fort \ and our Barque was in fuch a forwardnefs, that w© might have expefted to be in a condition to fail in a very fhort time, had we been provided with all other Ne- cefTavies^ but hearing nothing of our Ship, and therefore wanting the Rigging and other Tackle for our Barque,, we found our fclves in great perplexity and did not know what to do in this fad Juncture, being above five hundred Leagues from Fort Frome^ ».^f, whither it was almoit impoflible to return at that time, becaufe the Snow made the travelling very dangerous by Land, and the Ice liidde it impradi- cable to our Canou's. M. la Salle did not doubt then but his belov'd Grif- fin was loft ^ but neither this nor the other Difficulties dejefted him j- his great Courage buoy'd him up and he refolv'd to return to Fort Fromenac by Land, notwithftanding the Snow, and the unfpeakable Dan- gers attending fo great a Voyage. We had a long Conference about it in private, wherein having exa- min'd all things, it was refolvM, that he Ihould re- turn to Fort Frofitcnac with three Men, to bring along with him the necefTary things to proceed on our Di£ covery, while I with two ivlen fhould go in a Canou to theRiver Mefchafrpi^and there endeavour to get the Friendfhip of thofe Nations inhabiting the Banks of that River. Our Refolution was certainly very great and bold ^ but there was this eflcntial difference, that the Inhabitants ot the Countries through which M,/^ SaHc was to travel, knew thp Europeans -^ whereas thofe Savages, whom I defign'd to vifit, had never heard of us in their Life ^ and had been reprefented by the Ulinouy as the moft barbarous Nations in the World. However, M. U Salle and I had Courage enough to undertake our Difficult Task j but we had much ado to perfwadc five of our Men to follow us, or to engage tocxpcd our Return at Fort QevecaHr, . CHAP. io6 A New Difcovery ^of * G H A R XXXV. Containing an Account of what was tranfa^ed- at Fort Crevecoeur before M. la SallcV ret urn to /=brr Fronte* nac \ and the InstruEhiom we received from a Savagt concerning the River Mefchafipi. BEfore M. la Salle and I parted, we found means to undeceive our Men^ and remov'd the ground- lefs Fears they had conceiv'd from what the Illinois^ \ through the Suggeftions of Monfo^ had told us con- cerning the Dangers, or rather the Impoflibility of Sailing upon the River Mefchafifi, Some Savages in- habiting beyond that River, came to the Camp of the Illinois^ and gave us an Account of it, very difte* rent from what Nikanape had told us, fome other Sa- vages own'd that it was navigable, and not inter- rupted by Rocks and Falls, as the IlUfjois would make us believe ^ aud one of the Illinois therafelves, being gain'd by fome fmall Prefents, told us in great fecre- Se, that the Account their Chief had given us, was a downright Forgery, contriv'd on purpofe to oblige us to give over our Enterprize. This reviv'd fom- what our Men ^ but yet they were flill wavering and irrcfolute^ and therefore M. la Salle faid, that he would fully convince them, that the Illinois had re- folv'd in their Council to forge that Account, in or- der to flop our Voyage ; and few days after we met with a favourable opportunity for it. The Il'inois had made an excurfion South-ward; as they were returning with fome Prifoners. one of '| their Warriors came before their Comrades, and vilitcd us at our Fort ^ we entertain'd him as well as wc could, and ask'd him feveral Qpeftions touch- ing the River Alcfiha/ipi^ from whence he came, and where he had been oftentimes, giving him to undcrlland, that fome other Savage had given us an Account of it. He took a piece of Char- coal , and drew a Map of the Courfe of that ^ ' River 1 I A Large Country m America. ' id^ River, which I found afterwards pretty exa-fl; arid told us, that he had been in a Pyrogue ^ that is ^ a Canou Inade of the Trunk of a Tree, from the Mouth of this River, very near the Place where the Mefchappi falls into the great Lake ; for fb they call the Sea. That their was neither Falls, nor rapid Currents, as we had beeii told; that it was very broad towards the great Lake, and interrupted with Banks of Sand ; but that there were large Canals be- twixt them, deep enough for any Pwogne, He told lis alio the Name of feveral Nations inhabiting the Banks of Mefchafiply and of feveral Rivers that fall into it. I fet down in my Journal all that he told us, of which I Ihall perhaps give a larger Account in another place. We made him a fmall Prefent to thank him for his Kind|iefs, in dilcovering a Truth which the Chief of his Nation had fo carefully con- ceafd. He defir'd us to hold our tongue, and nevfcr to mention him, whiA we promis'd 5 and gave him an Axe, wherewith he fhut his mouth, according to tQ the Cuftom of the Savages, when they recom^ mend a Secret. The next day, after Prayers, we went to the Vil- lage ofHhc I/iinoh' J whom we found in the Cabin of one of their Chiefs j who entertain'd them witlwi Bear, whofe Flefh is much valu'd among them. They delir'd us to lit down upon a fine Mat of Rufhes : And fome time after our Interpreter told^ them, that wc were come to acquaint them, that the Maker of all Things, and the Matter of the Lives of Men, took a particular Care of us, and had been pleas'd to let us have a true Account of the Ri- ver Mefchafifl j the Navigation whereof they had re« prcfcdted to us as imprafticable. We added all the Particulars we had learn'd, but in fuch Terms, that it was impofllble they Ihould fufpeft any of their Men. 1 lieSavages were much furpriz'd and did not doubt; but wc had that Account by fome extraordiiiary Way J therefore they Ihut their Mouths with their 1 Hands !l*ir.:-' io8 A Neiv Dijcovery of Hands •, which is their ufual Cuftom to eXprefs their] Admiration by. They told us frankly afterwards,] that the great defire they had to flop amoi!gft them our Captain, and the Grey-Cmts or Barefeet^ as they call the Framifcans^ had obliged them to forge the Sto. ries they had told us, and to conceal the Truths but! fince we had come to the Knowledge of it by ano. ther way, they would tell us all that they knew J and confirm'd every Particular their Warriour had told us. vThis Confeflion remov'd the Fears of curl Men, who w^c few dayes atter ftill more fully per- fwaded that the ////wm had only defign'd to frighten us, from our Difco very : For Several Savages of the Nations of Of^ies^ Clkaga^ m(i A^anfa^ came to fee us, and brought fine Furrs to barter for our Axes They told us that the Mefchafpi was navigable ,almoft| from itsS9urce to the Sea; and gave us great En- U A Large Country in America. ur /ho toid me feveral things, to infpire me with Cou- [age^ concluding his Exhortation b^ thefe Words of le Scripure, Viriliteraxe^ & confonetHr Cor tunm. M. ta Salle Tet out a rcw days after for Canada^ with [hree Men, without any Provifions, but what ,they dli'd in their Journey, during which they fuffer'd ^ery much, by reafon of the Snow, H.unger and cold leather. ■»ir C H A p. XXXVI. VThs Author fets out from Fort Crevccocur to continue his Voyage, Hofoever will confider the Dangers t€4, which I was going to expofe my felf, in an unknown >ouatry, where no European had travelled before, md amongft Ibme Savages whofe Language I d id not lunderftand, will not blame the Reludlancy I exprefs'd lagainft that Voyage: Ihadfuch an Idea of it, that Ineither the fair Words or Threats of Vi.U 5^//f,would I have been able to ingage me to venture my Life fo raflily, had T not felt within my fclf a fecret but ftrong AlTurance, if I mayufe that Word, that God |would help andprofper my Undertaking. We fet out from, Fort Cr^vecceur on the 29th of \Fehruary, 1680, and as we fell down the River,wemet with feveral Companies of Savages, who returned to their Habitations, with their Pyrogues or Wooden^ Canon's, loaded.with the Bulls they hadkill'd: they would fain perfuade us to return with them, and the . two Men who were with me, were very willing to follow their Advice ^ telling me thatM. la Salle had as good to have murther'd us : But loppos'd their Dc- lign, arid told them that the reft of our Men would ftop them as they fhould come by the fort, if they ofFer'd to return, and fO we continu'd our Voyare« Thty confefs'd to ipe the nQXt Day, that they had . I 3 • . If reiblvd u •V 112 A New Vifeoverj of rcfolv'd tq leave me with the Savages, and make thdt Efcapewith theGanou and CpmnwdititSftiiil|kiiigl that there was no Sin in that, llnce m«T^. ^U was inj ^ debted to them in a great deal m6re t&an t^heir Vj^.! luej^and that I had been very ikfc. Tfei^asthc firft: Difcouragemeht I met with, and the Fore-run, rier of a great many others. The River of the ////W/ is very near as deep broad a^ the >^/W/< ; . for *' i i8 A Neiv Difcovery ef for they repeated fo 6fi:en that Word, pointing at the Savages a-fhore, that T-I^elieve this is the right Name of their Nation. We could not avoid it^and as ibon as we were landed, the three Chikacha took our Canou upon their Shoulders^ and carry'd it to the Village, 't'hefe Savages received us very kindly, and gave us a Cabin f''>r our felves alone ^ andprefented ws with Beans, Indian Corn, and Flelh to eat. We made them alfo fome Prefents of our European Q^- moditics, which they admir'd : They put theinHi- gers upon their Mouth, efpecially when they faw our Gunsj and I think this way of expreffing their Sur* prize, is common to all the Savages of the Northern jimerica, Thcfe Savages are very different from thofe of the , North, who are commonly fad, penfive, and fevere ; whereas thefe appear jovial, civil, and free. Their Youth are fomodefl that they dare not ipeak before Old Men, unlefs they are ask'd any Queftion. I ob- ferved they have tame Poultry, as Hens, Turkey- Cocks and Buftards, which are as tame as ourGeefe. Their Trees began to (hew their Fruit, as Peaches, and the like \ which mufl be a great deal bigger than ours, our Men lik'd very well the , Manner of thefe • People i and if they had found any Furrs and Skins ta barter for their Commodities, they would have left me among (I them \ but I told them, that our . Difcovery was more important to them than their Traile \ and advis'd them to hide their Commodities iindtr-ground, which they might "take again upon our return, and exchange them with the Savages of the North. They approved my Advice, and were fcnfible that they fliould prevent many Dangers j for Men are covetous in all Countries. The Eighteenth we cmbark'd again after having been Entertained with Dancing' and Fealting j and carry'd away our Commodities, tho'the Savages were very loath to part with them \ but having ac^ cc]itcdoui' Calumet of Peace, they did qot prefumc to /lop us by Force r G H A P, 0> 'Large Country in America. CHAP. XXXVIIL 119 A Comimauon ofonr Voyage on the RiverM&^doaSipi. A S we fell down the River we look'd for a fit * Place to hide our Commodities, and at laft pitj^l^ upon onebetween two Eminences near a Wood. We took up the green Sodds, laid them by, anddigg'daHole intheEarth, where we put our Goods, and cover'd them with Pieces of Timber and Earth, and then put, on again the grecrtTurfv fo that it was impoflible to fufped that any Hole had bee'n digg'd under it, for we flung the Earth ilto * the River. We tore afterward the 'Bark of there Oaks and of a large Cotten-tree, and ingraved there- on four Crofles, that we might not miis the Place at our Return, We ein barked again with all Ipeed, and 5)afl: by another Village of Savages about Six Leagues trom Akanfa^ and then landed at another two Leagues lower, where we were kindly entertained^ Men, Women, and Children came to meet us^ which makes me believe that the firft Akanfa had given no- tice of our Arrival, to all the Villages of their Na- tion. We made them fome Prefents of little Value> which they thought very confiderable. Prefents are the Symbols of Peace in all thofe Countries. The Twenty firll thofe Savages carry'd us in a Ty- rogtte to fee a Nation tarther off into the Country, which they call Tatnfa ; for they repeated -^ften that Word, fo that we could not but remember it. Thofe Savages inhabit the Banks of a Lake form'd by the Mefcha/ipi ^ but I had not time enough to make any particular Obfervation concerning feveral of the Villages which I faw. Thefc Savages received us with much mcfc Cere- monies than the Akanfa ; tor their Chief came in great Solemnity to the Shore to meet us. He had a kind I20 A New Difcffvery of • kind of a white Govvn on, made of Cloth of Bark* of Trees, which their Women Ipun^ and twoMea carry'd before him a thin Plate or Copper, as Thining » as Gold. We prefented our Calumet of Peace, which ht receiv'd with Joy and much Gravity. The Men, Women and Children, who attended him, exprefs'd a great Refpeft for me, and kifs'd the Sleeves of the Habit of Sti, Francis ^ which made me believeithat they had feen fbme Spamjh Francifcam from New Mex- ico^ it being ufual there to kifs the Habit of our Order : But this is a meer Conjedurev tho' I obferv'd they did not pay that Refpedt to the two Men that were with me. The Taenfa conduced us into a fine Cabin of Iflat Ruflics and fhihing Reeds, and entertaih'd us as well as their Country could afford j and then Men and Women, who are half cover'd in that Country,' danc'd together before us. Their way of Dancing is much more difficult than ours, but perhaps as ploifant, were it not for their Mufick, whicii is very difagree- able. Women repeat every Word the Men have fung. That Country is full of Palm-trees, wild Laurels, Plum-trees, Miilbery-trees, Peach-trees, Apple-trees, and XA'^al nut-trees of five or fix kinds, whofe .Nuts are a great deal bigger than ours. They have alfo feveral forts of Fruit-trees unknown in Enrope^ but I could not difcern the Fruit, bccaufe of the Seafon of the Year, ^ • The Maimers and Temper of th^t Nation is very diftcrent from that of the Jroquefe^' Huron s^ and Illinois Thcfc are Civil, Eafie, Tractable, and capable of Inftruclions •, whereas the others are meer Brutes, as fierce and cruel as any wild Beads. We lay that Night in their Village, and were entertain'd as civilly as we could have vvifh'd for \ and we did likcwife our iitmoft to oblige them : We fhew'd them the Effeft of our Firc-Arms, and a Pillol which (hot four Bullets one after another, without needing to be new charged Qur a Large Country m Art\Qv\c2i, 121 Onr-Men took their bell Cloth, %hich pleas'd them vety much •, and they feem'd well fatisry'd with us, as they cxpreft'd by many Signs srad Demonftrations. They feifit over-night to the Koroa^ who are their Al- lies, to give them notice of our Arrival^ and their Chief came thef next Morniog in great Ceremony to fee us. They feem'd tranfported with Joy, and 'tis great pitty we could not underfland what they told us, to know what Opinion they entertain'd of us, ' and from- what Part of the World they fanfied wc. came. I order'd my Men to fquare a Tree, and ha- ving made a Grofs, we planted it near the Cabin where we lay. The Twenty fecund we left that obliging Peopfc and the Chief of the JCoroa attended us to his Vil- lage, which is fituated about ten Leagues lower^upoji the River, in a fertile Soil, which produces abun- dance of Jnd/an Corn , and other things neccffary for Life. We prefented tjiejn with three Axes, iix Knives, feven Yards of good Tobacco, fevcral Awls and Needles. They receiv'd our Prefents with great Shouts, and their Chief prefented us with a. Calumet of Pea^e of red Marble, the Qiiiil whereof was adorn'd with Feathers of five or fix forts of Birds. They gave usal{ifcGvtry of but when I fawtMatthe three Chikacha, of whom I have fpoken, followed us every where^ I bid my Men to have care of them, and obferve their Motions upon our landing, for fear of any Surprize. It was then -E^y?fr-day, which we kept with great Devotioft tho' we could not fay Mafs for want Of Wine ^ but we Ipentall the Day in Prayers in fight of the Sa- vages, whowonder'd much at it. The Mefchafifi divides it felf into two Channels, . and thereby forms a large Ifland, which to o«r think* ing was very long, and might be about fixty League'^ broad. The Koroa ohlig'd us to follow the Canal to the Weltward, ^ho' the Chikacha, who Were in their Pyro^ues^ endeavour'd to perfwade me to take the other : But as we had Ibme fufpicion of them., wc refiis'd to follow their Advice ^ tho I was afterwards convinc'd, that they defign'd only to have tht Ho* nour to bring us to feveral Nations on the other fide of the River, whom wevifited in our Return/ VVeJoft quickly the Company of our Savages ; for the Stream being very rapid in this Place, they could not follow us in their Pyrogues^ which are very heavy. We made that Day near forty Leagues, and landed in the evening upon the Ifland, where we piteh'd our Cabin. The Twenty fourth we continued our Voyage j and about five and thirty Leagues below the Place we had lain, wedifcpver'd two Fifhermen, who Im- mediately ran away. We heard fome time after a great Cry, and the Noife of a Drum ; butasVe fufpe- iied the Chikacha^ we kept^ the middle of the Ri- ver, rowing as faft as we could. This was the Na- tion of QHimpifa, as we underftodd fince* We land- ed that Night in a Village belonging to the Nation of Tamiac^ as wc have been inform'd j but the In- habitants had been furpriz'd by their Enemies , for we found ten of them murther'd in their Cabins j which oblig'd us to embark again, and crofs the Ri- ver, where we landed, and having made a Fice, loaltcci our M^ui Corn. The m^ of whom I a Large Country in America. 12 j The Twenty Fifth we left the Place early in the Morning *, and after having rov\?M the beft part of the Day came t6 a Point where the Mefchafpi divides it felf into tliree Chanels : We tooke the middle one, which is very BroaH and Deep. ^ The Water began there to talte brackilh,but four Leagues Lower it waft as fait as the Sea. We rowed about four Leagues far- ther, and difcovered the Sea, which obliged us to go a-fliore to the Eaftward of the Rivef. C H A P. XXXIK/ Reafons which obliged hs to return towards tht Source of the River Melchafipi, without going any farther to^ ward the Sea, MY two Menf'were very much afraid of th6 ^fa^ niards o^^New Mexico , who inhabit to the VVeftward of this River j and they were perpetually telling me, that if they were taken, the Spaniards would ne^r (pard their Liv^s oi" at leaft give them the Liberty to return into Europe, I knew their Fears were not altogether unreafonable j arid therefore I refolved to go no furthej:, tho' I had no realbn to be afraid for my fel^ our Order being fo numerous ia New Mexico^ that, on the contrary, I might exppft to have had in that Country a peaceable and eafie Life. I don't pretend to be a Mathematician, but having learned to take the Elevation) of the Pole, and make life of the Aftrolabe, I might have made Ibme exaft Obfervations, had M. la Salle trufted me with that Indrument : However , I obferved that the Mefchafipi falls into the Gulph of Mexico^ between the, Z7thand 28th Degrees ofLatitudc, where, as I believe, our Maps mark a River call'd Rto Efcondido^ the Hidden River. The Magdalen River runs between this River and the Mines of St,Barbe that arc ia New Mexico, K The J 24 ANm Dijcovery of c^lJ'iie Mouth of tjie Mefcha/ipi may be about thirty tcAgues from Rio Bravo fixty from Palmasy and eighty | pr a hvindred from SioPamco^ the nearek Habitatioa] olthQSpamardsi, and according to thefe Obfervati. oiisi the Bay M Sfrito SanBo lies to tlie North-Eait of I the Mefihafipiy which from the Mouth of the Rivty of the Illinois to the Sea, runs diredly to the South, pr South-Well, except in its Windings and TurningSj which are fo great, that by our Computation there are about 340 Leagues from the River of the Jllinoii\ to the Sea, whereas -there are not above 1 30 in a di. | reft Line. The i^^/c/y^/zj/is very deep, without k- ing interrupted by any Sands, fb that the biggeft Ships, rnay- come into it. Its Courfe from its Source I to the Sea may be 800 Leagues, including Windings I and Turnings, as 1 fhall obferve anon, having tra- velled from its Mouth to its Head. My .Memwere very glad of this Difcovery, *Hdto have efcaped fo many pangers ^ but on the otjier haii^^ithey exprefs'd a great deal of diflatisfadion to have h^n at uich trouble without; making any pro- fit, * having found jio Furrs to excfeangjB for th?ir Cprtirnbdities. They were fo impatient to return, that they tyould never fuffer me toiwuld a Cabin ^p- 0^ the ShOar, aft4 cpntkue there for ibme days, the betteir to obferve' where wt were^ Theyfquar'^a Tr^e^f twelve foojtbi^h, and made a Crofs thereot, Wh J(?h^ We eredted i^n t|)at Place, I,e^iii^ there a Let- ter lign!£4 by mf ^d my two^en, containing an | Account of our Voyage, of our Country, and Pro- feffion. , We kneel'^ th^ii near the Crofs,and having I fnngtheP^exilla Re^ls:^ and forae other Hymns,/€ffi- barked again on the firft of ^pril tp return towards the Source of the River, W^ faw no Body while we continued there, and therefore cannot tell whether any Natives inhabit thatCo#- We lay, during the time we remain'd a-fliore, under our Canou^s fupported with four Forks J and the better toprotcdt usagainfttheRaifl, we d Large .Cmntry An Andeto* t^%i we had Ibme Rojls erf Birch-Barki wherewith wc, made a kind of Caftains about 6^ Canou, hanging • from the top drtwh to the ground 'Tis obferval^le^ that during the whole Courie oi^^tir Sailing,^ God proteftcd us againft the Cfocodifes^ which ate Hrery^ numerous in that l(iver, and efpecially towards the Mouth: Theylook*d dreadful, ^hd would h^ve'at-*! tack'd us, had we not been very carefiil txsavoidj them. Wc were very good Husbands of our InSm [ Corn ^ for the Banks of the RiV^r being full of R^s^ it was almoft impoffible to land to endeavour to kiiJi feme Hearts for our Subfiftence. ? Our Ganoii being loaded only with three Men and our Protons, did hot draw three Inches- Water,: and thererore we could row very near the Shore, and avoid the Current of the River \ and befides, my Men had fuch a defire to return to the North, That that very Day we came to Tangi^ao •, but becaufe the^ Savages we had found murthef'd in their Cabins,! made us believe that that Place Was not fafe, w© I* continued our Voyage all the Night long, after ha- ' ving fupp'd, lighting i great Match to fright the Cro- codiles away, for they fear nothing lb much as Fire. • The next day, i^j^wVi. we faw towards break of Day a greit Smoak not far from ns^ and a little white after we difcovered four Savage Women loaded tvitli* Wood, and marching as faft as they could to get to their Village before us \ but we prov'd too rtimble iot them at firft. However ibme BiiHards coming near us, one of my ^&ti could not forbear to fhootat them •, which fo much frighted thefe Women, that they left their load of Wood, and runaway to their Village, where they arrived before us* The Savages having heard, the Noife, were in as great 'fear as their Wives, apd left their Village upon Our approach; but I landed immediately, and advanced alone with the Calumet of Peace 5 whereupon they returned, and received us with all the Refpeft and CiviUty ima- gmable*' They brought us into a great Cabin, and K 2 gave /T 1^ A N^ Difcoverj cf gave ns feveral things, to eat, feuding notice intbe itrealn time totheir Allies, that we were arriv*d there^ fa ibat a great number of People crowded about to fee lib*:^' 'They admired our Guns, and lifting up their Hands to Heavfen, made us conceive they comp^r'd them to Thunder and Lightning ^ but feeing us fhoot Birds at a great diftance, they were foamazed^ tha| they could not fpeak a word. Our Men were fo kinaiy entertained, that had it not been fof the Com- raodities they had hid under Ground, they woul4 haye remained among that Nation^ and truly it was chiefly to prevent any fuch thing that I ordered thfcm to do it", judging from the Civility of thofe Savages, that they wer? like to be tempted to re^ ipain with them. This Nation call'd memfelves Qmmfiffa. - We made them ibmc fmall Prefents, to fhew cur Gratitude for their k^id Entertainment, and left that thct Afril ^, and row'd with fuch diligence that we/arrivedthefamefaayat^f -underftanding their irbie to knowits Ufe and Name. want of •underitodins their Language, Iwasjuit; idr 1^- C H A P. 5^L. An Acc9unt of ottr Departure from l^oroa, tofiontimi. oftr Voyage, r I Left Korea the next Day, Jpril^. with a design t(i ^ifitfcveral Nations inhabiting the Coaft ofthi Mefchafifiy but my Men would never confent the^i^* unto, telling me that' they had no bulinefs thereii, and they were obliged to make all the haft they could towards the North, to exchange their Commodities forFurrs. I tcddthem that the Publick Good was to be preferred to Private Intei«ft ^ but 1 could not perfwade them to any fuch tiling^ and theytcfldme that every one ought to be frec^ that they were refolv'd to go towards the Source of the River, but that I might remain amongft ^fe Nations, if I thought fit. In (hort, I found my felf dbliged to fubmit to their Will, though they had receiv'd Orders to obey my Direction. We arriv'd the 7th in the Habitati- on of the Taenfa^s^ who had already been informed of out return from the Sea, and were prepared to re- ceive us j having for that end fent for their ' Allies in* habiting the in-land Country to the Weft-^yard of the ly ver. They us'd all poifible endeavours to oblige us to remain with them, and offered us a great many things •, but our Men woiild not ftay one fingle Day ; though 1 confels the Civility of that People, ird th^ good DifpofitionI obferved in them, would have ftopp'd me amongft them, had I been provided witlt things neceflary for the Function of my Miniftry. We parted the 8th, and the Taenfas followed usfe» veral Leagues in their lighteft Pyrogues, but were at laft obliged to quit us, being not able to keep pace Wi^h our Ganou, ' pi^eof oar Moa fhot three Wild^ K 3 * Duclvs laS A Niw Dificviry cf Ducks at once, whicji they admir'd above all things, it beiag impollible to do to with their Arrows. We gave them feme 'i * acco, and parted from them, our Men rowing with ah their Strength, to let them fee We had kept company with them out of meer Civility. The pth, we came to the Place where our Men had hidden their Commodities ^ but when my Men faw that the Savages had burnt the Trees which wc had jnark'd, they were fo afraid, that they were near fbwniftg away, and did not doubt but their Goods were loft. We went a-fhore^ and while I' was mending our Canou, they went to look for their Trcafure, which they found in good condition. They were fo tranfported with Joy, that P/V^r^ came im- mediately to tell me that all was well. In the mean time, the Ak^mfa^ having received advice of our Re- turn, came down in great numbers along the River to meet us'^ and left they fhould fee our Men taking again their goods from under the Ground, I advan* ced to meet them with the Calnmet of Peace, and ftopt them to fmoak, it being a facred Law amongft them to fmoak in fuch a Junfturej and whotlbever would rcfufe^ muft run the danger of being mur- ther'd by the Savages, who have an extraordinary Veneration for the Calumet, Whilft I ftopt them, my Men put their Com- modities into their Canou, and came to take me into it. The Savages faw nothing of it, of which I was very glad^ for though they were our own, perhaps they might claim part of them upon'lbme Pretence or other. I made fcveral figns upon the Sand, to make them apprehend what I thought; but with what Succefs 1 don't know, for I could not underftand a word of what they faid , their Lan- guage having no affinity with thofe of their Neigh- bours I have conversed withall , both fince and after my Voyage to the Mouth of x\\^ Mefihufifi, I got into the Canou, and went by Water to the Village of the ylUnfa's^ while they went by Land i .. . . . but •«;■ yof above all things, ir Arrows. We from them, our let them fee We meer Civility. ere our Men had en my Men faw IS which we had they were near )ut their Goods id while I'was look for their ondition. They Picardc2imtm- ell. In the mean vice of our Re. along the River our Men taking •ound, ladvan, I of Peace, and d Law amongft ind whotibever of being mur- extraordinary iit their Com- to take me into t, of which I ire our own, cm upon'lbme igns upon the at I thought; for I could not 1 , their Lan- P their Neigh- fince and arter fihafifi. Water to the entbyLandj but a Large Country in kmtxk.2i, 129 but our Men row'd £0 falK that they could hardly keep pace with us. One of them, whowasaigood Runner, arriv'd at the Village before us, and came to the Shoar with the Women and Children to receive us, which they did even with more Civility than they had exprefs'd the firffc time. Our Men fui- pefted that this was only to get our Commodities, which they admir'd ^ but they are certainly a good fort of People^ and inftead of defervingthe Name ofa Barbarous Nation, as the E^urofeam call all the Natives of America^ I think they have more Huma- nity than many Nati^'"es of Europe^ who pretend to be very civil and affable to Strangers. It would be ncedlefs to give here an cxaft Account of theFeafts and Dances that were made for our Entertainment, or of the Melancholy they expfefs'd • upon our Departure. I mult'own, that I had much a-clo to leave them, ' but my two Men would not give me leave to tarry a day, feeing thefc Nations, having had no Commerce with the Europeans^ did not know the Value of Beavers Skins, or other Furrs, whereas they thought that the Savages inhabiting about tht Source of the Mefihafiply might have been informed thereof by the Inhabitants otthe Banks of the upper or Great Lake, wliich wc found to be true, as wc fhall obferve anon. We Itft the Manfa's upon the 24th of April^ having prefented them with fevcral little Toys, which they received with an cxtraotxii- nary Joy •, and during lixty Leagues, faw no Savage neither of the Nation of Chikach^^ or Mcfforitc^ which made us believe they were gone a hunting with their Families, or clfe fled away, for fear of the Sav^^cs of Tnitorihu^ that is to fay, iuch as inhabit the Mea- • dows, who are their irreconcileablc Enemies. This m3de our Voyage' the more calic, for our Men landed fevcral times to kill Ibmc Fowl and other Game, with which the Banks of the Afcfdmfipi arc plentifully ftock'd \ however, before wc crime to the Mouth of the River of the Illinois^ wc diRovei'd K 4 ia'cr.il 1 ijo ji Nenf Dpfcovery of fcveral of the Mejforites^ who came down all along tjw feivj^r \ but as they had no Vyrogues with them, we crofs'd to the other fide ^ and to avoid any Surprije during the Night, we made no fire \ and thereby.thc Savages could not difcover whereabout we wpre; for dwbtlefs they would have qiurther'd us, thinking W? were their Enemies. , I had 'quite forgot to relate, th^t Jthe Mniis had told us, tn^t towards the Cape, v^hich I have call'd in ray Map St. Anthony near the Nation of the Mt\. foritesy there were fome Tritons^ and other Sea-Mon- fters painted, which thcboldeft Mendurft not look upon, there being fbme Enchantment in their Facq. I thought this was a Story \ but when we came near the Place they had mention'd, we faw inftead of the(e MonfterS, a Horfe and fome other Beafts painted up^ on the Rock with red Colours by the Savages. The Illinois had told us likewife, that the Rock on which thefe dreadful Monfters ftood, was fo deep that no Man could climb up to it j but had we not b^en afraid of the Savages more than of the Monfters, wc had certainly got up to them. There is a commoa Tradition amongft that People, That a great num- ber of Miami'' s were drown'd in that Place, being purfued by the Savages of Matftgamea •, and fincc that time the Savages going by the Rock, ufe to fmokc lijnd offer Tobacco to thofe Beafts toappeafe, as they Jay, the Manitou^ that is, in the Language of the Al- goncjuim and Atcadians^ an evil -SjJirit, vyhich the ho- ^ueje call Otkon ^ but the Name is the only thing they |cnowofhim. Whilel.wasat^tf^rf, I underftood thatM. Jol^ (iet had been upon the Mefihaffpi^ and obliged tore- turn without going down that River, becaufe of the lyjonftcrs I have fpoken Of, who hadfriglited him, as lllfo becaufe he was afraid to be taken by the SpAr ' fiiardi'^ and having an opportunity to know the Trut(i of that Story from M. jolUet himfelf, with whom I had often I'ravcird upon the Rivcv St. Lanrtvce^ 1 MskQ4 ? if Large Country. in America. iji ask'd him whether he had been as far as the Akanfi^s ? Xhat Gentleman anfwer'd me. That the OHttaouats had often fpokc to him of thofe Monfters j but that'hc had never gone farther than the Harons andOHttaouats^ with whom wf had remain'd to exchange o^r£i»ro/>f4» Commodities with their Furrs. He added, that the Savages had told him, that it was not fafe to go down the River, becaufe of theSp/w/^r^//. Butnotwith- ftanding this Report, I have found no where upon that River any Mark, or Crofles, and the like, that could perfuade me thatthe Spaniards had been there \ and the Savages inhabiting the Mefchaftpi would not have exprefs'd fuch Admiration as they did when they faw us, if they had feen any Eitropeans before. Til examine this Qpeflion more at large in my Second Volume, \ CHAP. XLI. A particular Account of the River Melchafipi ; Of the Country through which it flows -^ and of the Mines of Copper^ Lead and Coals we difcovered in our V^oyage, FRom thirty Leagues below Maroa^ down to the Sea, the Banks of the Mefchafipi are full of Reeds or Canes ^ but we obferv'd about forty places, where one may land with great Facility. The River overflows its Banks now and then ^ but the In- undation is not very cv^nfidcrablc, becaufe of the lit- tle Hills which ftop its Waters. The Country beyond thofc Hills is the finefl: that ever I faw, it being v^ Plain, whofe bouuds I don't know, adorned now and then with fomc Hills and Eminences coverM with fine Trees, making the rarcft Profpcdt in the World. The Banks of the fmall Rivers flowing through the Plain, arc planted with Trees, which look as if they had been difpofed into that curious Order by the Art pf Men, and they are plentifully ftotk'd with Fifh, as I J 4 J New Difcovery of as well as the Mefchafipi, The CrocodHes ar6 veryl dangerous upon this ^reat River, as I hav6 already ©bferv'd ^ and they devour -a Man if they can fur, prize him ^ but it is cafie to avoid them,for they don't] fwim after Men nor follow them a-fliofe; The Country aflbrds all forts of Game, as Tur- key-Cocks, Partridges, Quails,Parrots, Wood-Cocks, Turtle Doves, and Wood-Fid geons ^ and abundance of wild Bulls, wild Goats, Stags, Beavers, Otters, Martins, and wild Cats : But as we approach'd nearer the Sea, we l!iw no Beavers. >Idc(igrito give a par-' ticular Account of thefe Creatures in another place; in the mean time we fhall take notice of two others, who are unknown in £«r<;ptf. I have already mentioned a little Animal, like a Musk'd-Rat, that M. la Salle kill'd as we came from Fort Mlamis to the Illinois^ which deferves a particu» lar Defcri]5>tion. It looks like a Rat as to <-he Shape ! of its Body, but it is as big as a Cat. His Skin looks Silver-like, with fome fair black Hair, which makes the Colour the more admirable. His Tail is without any Hair, as big as a Man's Finger, and about a Foot long, wherewith he hangs himi^lf tothe Boughs of Trees. That Creature has under the Belly a kind of a Bag, wherein they put their young ones when they are purfu'd *, which is one of the moft wonder- ful things of the World, and a clear Demonftration of the Providence and goodncfs of the Almighty, who takes fo particular a care of the meaneft of his Creatures. There is no fierce Beafl: in all that Country that dares attack Men ^ for the Mecbibichi^ the moll terri- ble of all, and who devours all other Beads whatfo- ever, runs away upon the approacli of a Savage, The Head of that Creature is very like that of the fpottcd l-ynx, but fomewhat bigger : His Body is long, and as large as a Wild Goat, but his Legs arc fhoitcr^ his Paws arc like a Cat's-Footj biitthc Claws arc fo long and Itrojig, that no other Ueaft cai\ of ^ •ocodiies are very as I ha vci already I ir they can furJ em,fbr they don't I lOfe. Game, as Tur.j :s, Wood-Cocks, i and abundance leavers, Otters,! )proach'd nearer ;ato giveapar-' n another place- ^ of two others,' Animal, like a > we came from erves a particu. as to ^he Shape His Skin looks ', which makes Tail is without I", and abouta if tothe Boughs he Belly a kind ung ones when moft wonder- Demonflration ahe Ahnig/ny, meanellofhis : Country that the moil tcrri- 3caft:s whatfo- of a Savage, :e that of the His Body is his Legs arc ►ot \ biit the other Beaft n Large Country in America. 1.55, lean refill them. When they have killed any Beaft, they eat Part of it, and carry the reft upon their Back to hide it in the Woods \ and I have been told I that no other Beaft durft meddle with it. Their Skin is much like that of a Lion, -as well as their Tail j but their Head is much bigger. TheSavages gave us to underftand that to the Wefl- ward of their Habitation, there are fome Beaftswho carry Men upon their Backs, and fliew'd us the Hoof and part of the Leg of one, which was certainly the Hoof of a Horfe j and furcly Horfes muft not be utterly unknown in the Northern America'. for then how could the Savages have drawn up- on the Rock I have mentioned, the Figure of that Animal ? They have in that Country all forts of Trees we have in EurofCy and a great many other unknown to us. There are the fineft Cedars in the World ; and another fort of Tree, from which drops a moft fra- grant Gum, which in my opinion exceeds our belt Perfumes. The Cotton-Trees are of a prodigious height y the Savages make them hollow with Fire^ to make their Pyro^wJfj of them •, and we have feenfomc ot them all of a Piece, above an hundred Foot long. The Oak is fo good, that 1 believe it exceeds ours for Building Ships. Ihtvp obferved that Hemp grows Naturally in that Country, and that they make Tarr and Pitch towards the Sea-Coafts ^ and as I don't q^ue- ftion but that there arc forae Iron-Mines, the Build- ing of Men of Waf would be very cheap in the Ri- ver Afefihafim, 1 took notice in my Defcription of Lomfiana^ that there are vaft Mcadows,whicli need no-t to bcgrubb'd up, but are ready for the Plow and Seed ^ and cer- tainly the Soil muft be very fruitful, lince Beans grow Naturally without any Culture. Their Stalks fublift feveral Years, bearing Fruit in the proper Seafons : They are as big as ones Arms, and climb up the high- eft Trees, juft as Ivy docs. Ihc Peach- i'recs Mie like / 1^4 A Nerv Difcovery of hke ours, and fo fruitfd, that they wou'd breik If they were not fupported. Their Foreftsare fiill of Mulberry-Trees and Plum-Trees, whofe Fruit is be- musk'd. Th^y have alfo plenty of Pomegranate- Trees and Cheftnut-Trees : and 'tis obfervabie, that all thefe Trees are cover'd with Vines, whofe Grapes arc very big and fweet. They have three or four Crops of Indian Corn in one Year^ for they have no other Winter than feme Rain. We had not time enough to look for Mines: but we found in fevcral Places Ibme Pit-Coal^ and the Savages Ihew'd us great Mines of Lead and Cop. per. They have alfo Qiiarries of Freeftone j and of black, white, and Jafper-like Marble, of which they make their Calumets, Thefe Savages are good-natur'd Men, aflfable, ci- vil, and obliging \ but I defign to make a particular Trad concerning their Manners, in my Second To- lume. It feems they have no Sentiments of Religi- on \ though one may judge from their AAions that they have a kind of Veneration for the Sun, which they acknowledge, as it feems, for the Maker and Preferver of all things. When the Nadoneffians and Jffdti take Tobacco, th^y look upon the- Sun, which they call in their Language Louii \ and as foon as they hav% lighted their Pipe, they prefcrtt it to the Sun with thefe Words Tchen- dionha Lonis^ that is to fay Smoak Sun \ which I took for a kind of Adoration. I was glad when I heard that this only Deity was call'd Z#«/>, becaufe it was alfo my Name. They call the I\loon Louis Bafatfche that is to fay. The Sun of the Night ^ fo that the Moon and Sun have the fame ! Requefl to God was, That when we Ihould lirlt meet the Savages, it might happen to be by Day. Theii^ Cuflom is, to kill as Enemies all they meet by Night, to enrich themfelves with their Spoils, which are no- thing but a parcel of Hatchets, Knives, andfuch like Trifles ^ which yet they value more than we do Gold or Silver. They make no fcruple toaflTiIlinate even their own Allies, when they think they can handfomly conceal the Murder •, for by fuch Exploits it is they hope to gain the Reputation of being great Soldiers, and to pafs for Men of Courage and Refo- hition. ■■■y'-^-r- r-- ■' :^ i. -: ■■ : 'Twas with a great deal of Satisfa(fVion that we ftirvcy'd the Pleafures of the River Mcfcha/ipi\ all iilong our PafTage up it, which had been fince the firft of j4pri/. Nothing as yet; had interrupted our Obfervations, whether it were Navigable above or below. In our way we kill'd feven or eight Buftards or Wild-Turkeys, which in thofe Countries encreafc mightily, as well as all other Wild Creatures. We lidd alfo plenty of Bulls, Dccrs, Callors, Filh, and Bear>Ilc(hi which laftwc kill'd as they werefwim- mingover the River. And here I cannot forbear fcrioufly reflc5lingoi> thatfccret Pleafurc and Satisfadlionof Mind, which is to be found in Prayer,and the real Advantages which play be drawn from thence, when 1 conlidcr how L 3 «lMib 9 j6& A New Difcovery of effedually my own were heard : For the lame Day, being the Twelfth of Afril^ as our two Men were boiling one of the Buftards, and my felf refitting our Canou on the Banks of the River, I perceived all of a fudden about two in the Afternoon, no lefs than fifty Canou's which were made of Bark, and marin'd with a hundred and twenty Savages, who were Hark naked, and came down the River with an extraordi- nary Swiftnefs, tofurprize the Mimi'^s^ IlHnois^ and Marhoans their Enemies. We threw away the Broath which was a preparing, and getting aboard as fall as we could, made towards them, crying out thrice, Mifil^ouche^ and Diatchei^ which in the Language of the Ir-^^uefe and Algomum^ is as much as to fay, Cemra^esy we are Aien of IVoodtn CanoH^s ^ for lb they call thofe that Sail in great Vef- fels. This had no effed, for the Barbarians vmder^ flood not what we faid ^ lb that they furrounded us immediately, and began to let fly their Arrows at a diltance, till the Eldeft araon^ft them perceiving that I had i Calumet or Pipe ot Peace in my hand, came up to us, and prevented our being murder'd by their Warriours. Thefe Men who are more brutal than thofe of the lower River, fell a jumping out of their Canou's, fome upon Land ^ others 'into the Water ^ furround- ing us on all fides with Shrieks and Out-cries that were indeed very terrifying. ' IVas to no purpofe to rcfift, l)cing but three to fo great a number. One of them fnatcht the Pipe of Peace out of my Hand, as our Canou and theirs were faftned together on the Bank of the River. We prefcntcd them with feme fmall pieces of Martini to Tobacco,bccaufe it was bet- ter than what they had. As they received it, the El- ders of them cry'dout Miaiiima^ Miahima ^ but what tlicy meant by it, we knew not. However, wc made Signs with our Oars upon the Sand, that the Mi arms their Enemies, whom they were ia fearch of, had pafs'd he iame Day vo Men were refitting our •ceived all of i no lefs than and man'n'd ' wereftark n extraordi- Iliinois^ and a preparing, ade towards id Diatchei^ I 'en of IVoodtn 1 great Vef. ians under, •rounded us Arrows at a perceiving 1 my hand, g murder'd d Lsrge Country in America. i6i pafsM theRi^er, and were updn their Flight to join the Illinois. When they faw themfelves difcovered, and confc- qneatly out of all hopes of fiirprizing their tnemies, three or four of the Eldeft of them laid their hands on my Head, and began to weep bitterly, accom- panying their Tears with futh mournful Accents as can hardly be exprefTed \ till with a ibrry Hand- kerchief of Armenian Cloth , which I had left , I made a fhift to dry up their Tears : However, to very little purpofe \ for refufing to Smoak in our Cdumet or Pipe of Peace, they thereby gave us to iinderftand, that their Defign was ftill to Murder us. Hereupon with an horrid Out-cry, which they fet up all at once, to make it yet the more terrible, they hurry'd us Croft the River, forcing us to redouble the the Stroaks of our Oar, to make the more fpeed , and entertaining us all the while with fuch difmal Howl- ings, as were capable of ftriking Terrour into the molt refolute aud daring Souls. Being come a-fhore on the other fide, we u. loaded our Canou, and landed our Things, part of which they had robb'd of already. Sometime after our Landing, wc us made a fireafecond time, to make an end of boiling oiir Buftard. Two others we prefented the Barbari- ans, who having confulted together what they (hould do with us, two of their Leaders came up to us, and made us to undcrfland by Signs,that their Wan iours were refolved upon our Death. This obliged mc, wliilft one of our Canpu-Mcn look'd after on** Things, to go with the other, and apply my fclf to their ^Chiefs. Six Hatchets, fifteen Knives, fonc pieces of Tobacco, was the Prefent that I made them. After which, bending my Neck, and ])oint- ing to a Hatchet, I fignified to them by that Submit '•OP, that we threw our felves on their Mercy. The Prefent had the good cttcd to foften Ibme of them, who, according to their Cuflom, gave us L 4 fonio 1 62 A New Difcovery of fome Flelh of Beaver to eat, themfelves putting th three firft Bits in our Mouths \ having firll blowa upon it, becaufe the Meat was hot. After this they Tet their platter before us, which was made of the Bark of a Tree, leaving us at libefty to feed after our own fafliion. Thefe Civilities did not hinder us from pafling the Night very uneafily , becaufe in the Evening before they went to ileep , they had returned us our Calumet of Peace. The two Canou-Men refolved to fell their Lives as dear as they could, and to defend themselves like Men to the laft, in cafe they Ihould attack us. For my part, I told them I refolved to fufler my felf to be flain without the leaft Refiflance, in Imitation of oUr Sa. viour, who religncd himfelf up voluntarily into the hand of his Executioner. However, we watch'd all Night by turns, that we might not be farpriz'd in our Sleepu CHAP. XLVI. Tke Refohition which the Barbarians took to carry the Au- thor and his tiro Men along with them h^ into their Country^ ahoif the River }s\ti<:\i3i^\'^\. TH E 13th of^pril^ very early in the Morning, one of their Captains, whofe Name was Nar- rhctoha^ being one of thofe who had been for killing us, and whofe Body was painted all over, cameand demanded my Pipe of Peace. It being delivered him, he filled witJhit lobacco of their own Growth, and made thofe of his own Band frfloak in it firll \ then all the rclb that had been for putting us to death. After this he made Signs, that we mufi: go with them into their Country, whither they were then about to return. This Propofal did not Itavtlc me much, lor having caus'd th? fnterprize which they had fram"d a. La^ge Country in America. 165 framM againfl: their Enemies to mifcarry, I was not unwilling to embrace any opportunity of making farther Difcoveries amongft thefe barbarous Na- tions. That which perplex'd me moft, was the Difficulty 1 had of faying my Office, and performing the reft of my Devotions, in the prefence of thefe Wretches. Many of them obferving my Lips to move, told me in a harfli and fevere Tone, Ouackafiche ^ from whence, becaufe we under ftood nor. a word of their Language, we concluded them to be very ane;ry. Michael ^^0^ one of the Canou-Men, told me with a frightful Air, that if I continued to fay my Bre- ' viary, we fhould infallibly be murther'd by them. Picard (in Gay dcfir'd me atleaft to fay my Prayers in private, for fear of enraging them too far. The laft Advice feem'd the bell ;, but the more I endeavour'd to conceal myfelf, the more of them had I at my Heels. If at any time I rctir'd into the Woods, they immediately concluded 'twas to hide fomething : So that! knew not which way to turn me for the perfor- mance of my Duty ^ for they would never fufterme a m6mcnt out of their Sight. This compeird me at laft to acquaint the two Ca- nou-Mcn, that I could no longer difpcnfe with ray felf in omitting the Duty of my Office , That if they Ihould murder us on this Account, I fhould in- deed be the innocent Caufe of their Death as w^ell as my own , that therefore I ran the fame Rifque as they, but that no Danger was great enough to juIH- fie me in the Difpenfing with my Duty. In fine, the Barbarians underftood by the Word Ouaikanchc that the Book in which I read, was an evil Spirit, as I af- terwards undcrftooH by ^/cing amongft them. How- ever, 1 then knew by their Gclhires, that they had had an averfion for it. Wherefore to ufc chem to it by degrees, I was wont to ling the Litanies, as we wcrQ upon the Way, holding the Book in my Hand. T hey fondly 164 ' ■"' -^ Ne^ Difcovery of ^ '■' fondly believed my Breviary was a Spirit wliich taught me to fmg th us for their Diverfion. AH thde People naturally love Singing. 4fm\ CHAP. XLVII. !%€ many Outr^es done us by the Savages^ before we ^tpogetber toe or Qther of the ]E1- 4^,. cape ana wept pvcr us. They rubb'4 our Arms and Bodjfs very o^Len with their Hands^ which they ffcerwaf^s laid on ^our Heads. Thefe^ Tears g^ve us . However it were, I am fure thefeTfiiirs afieftea me more than thofe that (hed them. Ci * • Abom t)[iis time, jiquipaitftln bad another oppor- tunity'of paiC^cuting us atiw:, He bad fo dexterouf- ly manag'd the Matter vyith tne Y^arriors of his Par- ty, that it was one Day impradicable for us to en- camp near the young Chief i^4ritiirM^4, whoproteded us^ but were forc'd to go and place our felres, with our Canou and Effk^s at the end of the Camp. Then it was that thefe Barbarians gave us to undcr- ftand, That the aforcfaid Gaptaia was fully refolv'd to have our Heads. This oblig'd us to have recourfe once more to our Chcit , and to take out twenty Knives and fome Tobai;:co, which we diftributed a- mong them with an Air that fufliciently teftify'd our Difconient. 1 lir unreafonable Wretch look'd earncllly upon his Followers $nc after another, as if he were in , ^f doubt J ' t62 ANei» Difeeverj of doubt what to dcf, and confequently to demand their Advice, whether he ought to receive our Prefcnt oi refufe it. But whilft we were inclining our Necks, and delivering him the Ax, the young Commander, wlio feeitliM to be oar Protedor (and it may be real- ly was) came ^nd Tnatch'd us by the Arm, and all in a rage hurry'd us away to his Cabin. His Brother too taking up fome Arrows, bro^r 'cm iri dur fight, to alTure us by that Adlion, that he would prote^ our Lives at the hazard of his own. * The next Day they left ,us alone in our Ganob; without putting any of their Men a-board to afliftus, as they had hitherto done: However, they kept all in the reer of us. After rowing four or flVe Leagues, another of 'their Captains cami? up to us, and made us land. As ibon as we got on (hoar, he fell to cut- ting of G^fs, which he^made into three little Heaps, and bad us fit down upon them : Then he look a piece of Cedar, which was fiill of little round Holes, into one of which he thruft a Stick of a harder Sub- ftance thaii the Cedar, and began ta rub itabont pretty fall between the Palms of his Hands, till at length it took fire. The ufe he put it to was to light the Tobacco in his great Pipe j .and after he had wept fome time over us, and laid his Hands on our Heads, he made me fmoak in a Cahtmet^ or Pipe of Peaces and then acquainted us by Signs, that with- in fixtecn Days we fhould be at home. C H A P. LI. Ceremonies us*d by the Ssvages when they Jhare their Pri" finer s, Cpntinttation of Mr Jonrncy by Land. HAviiig thus traveird nineteen Days in our Canou by Water, we arriv'd at length within five or fix Leagues of the Fall, to which v\te had forinerly . giv'ca .^ d Urge C&untrjf m America. ; 1 5 j given the Name of St;^^«fiE»««y^ aswc cattJetoun^ dcrfbuid afterwards. Here the Barbarkas order^d^ to land in a Creek of the Kiyer Mefdutfipi:, aftet which, they held an'Aflembly; tonfultt.w|[ai! tk^f were to do with, us. In (hort, they fepdrated^ afiA giive us to three of their Chien, infll^ad Of thtee Of their Sons which had beta kill'd in the War : Theil they feiz'd our" Ganou ^ and took away all our Equipage. The Canou they pulFd to pieces, for fear it might alTift m to return to their Enemies : Their own they hid among the Alders , to ufe again when ' they fhould have occaflon to hunt that way. SO that tho' we might have gone conveniently enough quite up iiito their Country by Water, yet were we dbhg'dj by their Condud, to travel n« iels than li)cty Leagues a-foot. Our ordmary Marclie^ were from break di Day till ten at Night: And when we met with any Ri- vers, we fwam them, themfelves (who for the molt part are of an extraordinary iize) carrying our Cloches and Eouipage on their Heads , and t'le < Canou-Men , wno were left than nic , upon their* Shoulders, becaufe they could not^im. Aslus'd to come out of the Water, Which was oftea full of Ice, for we travell'd ftill North, I was hardly able to ftaad upon my Legs. In thefe Parts the Frofts con- tinue all Night even at this time of the Year ^ fb that our Legs were all over 'Blood, being cut by the Ice , which we broke by degrees in our Faflage as we waded o'er the Lakes and River. We never eat but once in four and twenty Hours, and then no- thing but a few Scraps of Meat dry'd in Smoak after their Fafliion, which they aRbrdeduS with abundance of regret; .# v-^; u^ . • . I was fo weak thatPoften laid me down, rcfolv- ing rather to die than follow* thefe Savages any far- ther, who travell'd at a i^te fo extraordinary, as. far furpafles ^e Strength of any Enrofean, However, tcf M a haHeii Jteftea usy ^)^4bip?tiKKi* fet fe t& the dry Graft mJ^ Me^dpiw^ l^iroiigh which w« pafsM \ fo that 'olit Choice w^ marcher burn, J had a Hat which 11^ tal(ci| wi(h fl^, to fffiCe;|iie firom the Sim do* Ifilig Ihf iiedt^ of the Summer. This would oftea failpfc^ my liead into the F^i hecaufe it was net l^ei!-fit, and ^e Fire lb v«!y awr. The Barbarians yrojuM ihatch tt( out agaio, end lend me a hand to ^Ye me from thci Fllimes ^ ^which they had Jundied; ^s w^ll: as to bMb$Q our Marshy at I have laid, K» tD give notioe. tp their People t)f their retna I tm^ here acknowledge. That had k boi heea for dn G^ , who did all he could toi encourage TOC , through the whole Courfc of thb tirelbaic March, I had c^tainlf funk under the Fatigues of it, having neither Spirits nor Strength left to flip, port ^e-v- * . CHAR LIL '«< tA rreAt ContcSi ar'tfts among the Savages^ ahont Mvi- ding OHT AUr^htmdife and Etfttipage ^ as alfo my $4- cerdotal Ornaments and little Oieft, AFter haviiig traveled about iixty Leagues a-fbot, and undergone all the Fatigues of Hunger, Thiril, and Cold, befides a thpufand Outrages daily done us in onr Perfbns, after we had march'd Nigbt and Day without ceafing , wading through Lakes and Rivers, and fometiraes fwam. As we row be- gan to approach the Habitations of the Barbarians, which are lituated in MoraiTes inacceflible to their Enemies, they thought it a proper time to divide the Mcrchandife which they had taken from us. Here they had like to have fallen out and cut one another's 'Throats, about the Roll of yl/^mwVtf-Tobacco, whith might ftill weigh about fifty Poun^. Thefe j People h Kat whict ^ Sun 4|i« j would often I Eek was not Barbariaos j fc a hand to I >acl kindled; I P have iaij Mkh* retura Jtt not beea » encourage this tirefcaie Fatigues of j left to fup, ' agues a-fbot,( of Hunger, itrages daily irch'd Niebi ough Lakes ve row bc« Barbarians, )lc to their 3 divide the t us. Here »e another's '-Tobacco, ai Tijefe People People value tWs Cpra^tnodiliJI %,:|)eyonfi yh|twe do Silver or,,doMr. They ha:iff.m^\^-ofJ^--- dffn igrowth A pui(thi3 was io,«rf# w^3, aacfl up into fuch pcau^wf RingSfi mat ^v were pei ly chafmM witfi ! itj ^ The iUfift] ijeato them made us uhd6ri{:and byi ^rgns,!uiat ^they woul^ five their Canotr*Men fevcral €aftor*Skif» in return for what they had |a^en :• ^ut others looking upon us as Slaves^ because diey laid wie l4d furnifli'd Arms 10 then: Enemies^ inaintain'd that they^ere oo^wa]^ obUg'd to make ^y^^^urn for ,tibe Things they 1^ takep, . ''.-0^ \.' .-r^v^' ;^'''-^ -^^^n^-. The reaion why they divided the Spoil hcfe^.^as, becaufe this B^d was composM of two or three dif- ferent People, : ' So. that thofe that li^fd at a di^t^ce, were api>rehennve left the others, ^ho were W fit home,^ might detain aU the Merclnindire whicHxhS]^ had taken, in the firll Villages they ihould com<;;dt> and therefore w^c re^lv'd to pli^j'a fore jQen|ef aad have their Share iiforehand. ,l!^orhad they any greater Refped for what bjplong'4 tp, me, ^b^.f^ the Merch^ndiTe wkiich they took frp^ the Canpii^ men^ for they feiz'dmy Brocard CJiaiubie, and all the Ornaments of my portable Chapel, except thf Chalice , which they durft not toucL. They ob»^ ferv'd that tliis Veflel, which was of Silver gilt, cali a glittering Ught, io that as often as they chanc'd tp look towards it , they would (hut tlieir Eyes : The Reafbn was , as we iinderftood afterwards, becaufe they bcliev'd it to be a Spirit which would kill them. I had a little Cheft, which I kept lock'd \ they made ^ rac underlband by Signs, That if I did not open it* or break the Lock, they would do it for me, againfc feme fharp Stones which they fhew'd nie. The Rea- fon why they threatned me thus, was , becaufe they had not been able to open it all the way, though- they attempted it fcveral times , to fee what was in it, Tbcfe People undcrftand nothing of Locks and M 3 Keys; .;n IFN^ Difcoverf of \-\ k Keys: Befides,'^cif Delign was notto cumber tfiem* iti^with the Box it fclr, but only to take out % ^Mlgs that wtt^ in It After I had o^cn'd it, aiid •^p^ wiyvr there was little or nothing in it bu( Boob iiii^ Pipers, they left it me untouch'd. ■^% ,..''>' -#r *ije^ '-«• (2 HAP, tiu: 71'* Trtf<»/> afproachesfhe Village. AGrdttd Confult ofHort the Savages^ ipphethfi^' they jhUd kill Mty or fave^mk adoft m for their Sons, The Rffseption which we hid ^j from thefn \ and the nfe they mdde of my Chafuhle, ^2k' ^^^ five hard Days travel, without fb much'as /^ refting, except a little by Night in the o^h Air, we perceiv'd at laft abundance of Women and Children coming Out to meet our little Army: All the Elders of th#^ Nation were aflembl^ upo^ this Occalion. We obferv'd fevft-al Cabins , near tl:e Pofl:*)CW which lay feveral Trofles of Stravir and dry'd Weeds, where thele Barbarialfs are wont to fatten and burn the Slaves which they bring home with them from their Wars. Here they prder'd Picuwd dn Gay to fing, who all the time rattled a hollow Gourd full of ^little round Stones, which he held in his Hand, t obferv'd' moreover, that his Hair and Face were painted with different Colours , and that they had raftned a Tuft of white'Teathcrs to his Head. Thefe Ceremonies renew'd our Fears j and we thought we had more realbn than ever to believe, that they had ftill a Defign to put us to death. Nor were our Fears groundlefs , iince thele, with many others, are the Ceremonies which they u£c at the burning of their Enemies. The worfl was, we could not make our felves be underftood. However, after many Vows and fecret Prayers wlii-h we offer'd up to God on this Occafioni ,. • V, . . • , . I - th^ \ ^o much « in the optn Cornell and . Army: AH 'I « upoi^ this ■ ? neai: tl:e w and dry'd nt to faftea ^ome with 'iow Gourd "^cld in his r and Face 1 that they iiis Head. I and we o beJieve, ith. Nor ^ith many ife at the 4 li^Owiii^J' ^^Aitneria^ the Barbarianstttlafb gaye us iome wild OaCSito eat, of which J liav5e f^ken elfe whew/ They ga!ve therti; us in great Dilhes made of Bircfa>treesv and t)ic 5a* vage Women feafbn'd themjvith BltUz^ This ia a fort of Black Grain, which they dry la the Sun in the Summer, and are as good as Corrans: The i)/ be for the future 'twijct them and us. . Mter this, he adopts me for his Son, in the room of him tha^he had loft in the War. ^ /.. Cnarhetob^ and another Captain did the fame hy th<^ two Canouimen. ^.This Seperation was very grievous to us, tho ibmewhat allay'd bythe Sati$fa-r ' Sion we had to find our Lives were lafe. D» Gay . took me alide to confcis him, beiag feniible of the uncertain Condition hisiife was in, amongft Co bar-* barons a People. Tlrf^blig'd him to em'jrace nw very heartily, and to beg my Pardon for what was paft, having firft made the lame Requeft to God. I fliould have been overjoyed to have (een Michael Aka as well difpofed : However, I did not omit to fliew both the one and the other all the Marks of a molb tender Affedion. » In (hort, the Savages having parted us, led u$ away each to his own Vilhge. Our Way lay over a Moras, where we march'd half way the Leg in Wa-, ter for a League together, at the end of which we were mcc by five of Ajmignetin^ Wives, who re-, M ^ cei/'d ^ ' t0S ^M\^A'Nw Difiwtry iif^^% cdv'd me ifl one of the. three Gaadtt^of Bark which tjitef-had brought with them, and thea carry'd me a*- Httie League farth^ Mo a fhnll Iiknd» whei^ their Cabins were. ^ • , pi:— ■ CHAP. LIV.. . The Author^s Reception ty the Relations of Aquipaguetifl. They make him fneat. to recover him ofhisFatigueu ' The nfe thty make of his Oiafuble mid other Omamerm. Y Ajriv'd at this Place in the Month of wlji^y I680! jj^i thetDay I cannot precifely teli^ for 1 was fb ha* rafs'^ by ther Savages on the Way^ that I could not make all the little Obfcrvadons which otherwife I would haye done : Belides, there is fbme (even or eight Hours difference between the days and Nights oxEurope^, and thofe of l^ovth-Amer^^ becaufe too|*" at the end fervM him to Sften it, whilft hb carryrd it up and downvin Triumph, calling it t^i4i Ckinnen^ which iigniiies, as I fince underltand, th^ Robe of him, who is nam'd the S«». , After thtyKad for (bme tirac..us'd my Chafubie as an Ornament €0 cover the Bones of their Dead, at the tl^agues diftant towards the Weft, but were come liiEtabaffie, andhaddancMtheGf/i^wff. "j The day lifter my Ailiyal, Aqnifaguetin^ who wa$ Head of'a Great Family, put me on a Robe which was made of the Skins of the Bellies of wild Bulls : He gave me a fecond, made of ten large Caftor-Skins. Then he fhew'dme fix orfeven of his Wives, 6fbr Poligamy is in falhion here j ) he told them, as I afterwards un- derltood, That they were toefteem me as one of their* Sons. After this, he fet a Bark-dilh before me, in which were Bremes, and other white Filh, to ipegalc me withal. He gave Orders to thofe ab^t him, to \ .." ., ■ '' ■ ■■ . •'. give. 170 • A Ntw Difioverj of ^ Jive me tHe Title ||iat^ks due to the Rank which] Was to hold amonfft my new Kindred. '^ l^arther ; this new Father of mine oblerving that I couldinot well rife without two Or three to h cafiontO tell them, and wi^ Truth enough, 'Thft by the Guidance of that Machine it was, thatwc EnTfifeaffs travell'd the whole World. Nay, being a|i able Spok%mah, he poflefs'4 them farther. That w^ were* Spirits j and that we were capable of bringing things to pa^ that were altogether outof^their power'- At the end of his Difcour(e, which was very pathc? tick, ail the Elders wept over me, ^miring irijn? what they could not comprehend. I had an Iron Pot about three foot roiind, which had the Fi^urrf of a Lion on it, which dufiiig our Voyage ferv'd us to bake our Viftuals in. Th^s Vcf^ fel was not {6 apt to break as onr ordinary Kettles, which ar^ more brittle ; fbr which reafon it w^s, not being likely to meet with Braziars to flirnifh m with new upon oqcalion, that we took this with us. This Pot the Barbarians durft never fb iiiuch as touch, with- out covering their Hands' firff in §>njething of Caftor- Skin. Anoib great a Terroiir was it to the \A'omen| that they had it hung abroad upon the Bough of tL Tree. J for they durlb not come or flccp in the Cabia when it was there. . We would have made a Prefent of it to feme of their Chiefs j but none of Acni would either accept or make ufe of ity bccaufe they thought that there \;' "♦'. W2^$ 172 . A^mpifidMry^ w^s a Spvcit ^d withi% ^c would ceircainiv jai ch«tm Thefc People aredlpf tlwEajTubjeaibtlieiikcSuperr ' ftitioh. Their Jwggjjrs impolc whatever diey think fit iipoa their Belicf/Twasiome time I fpent among *eni, Wore I could make my i«lf be uaderfboodi. JE^ Hwi- fer begiuniagto prefs xs^ tiard , I fet ?^ ^ut^al^ga )iftionary ih thpir Toague, the which I didby means.! *bf their Children, with whom I made my if^£ as fa- 1 jniliar as pofilble, to inform my felf by dieir jPrattlc. When once I had got the Word T4nfchiaken^ Vfhich iignifies in their Language, Nom call you thUi 1 began to be Toon able to talk of ik:h things as are moft i^Ujar. This diiEculty was tlard to firmouot at fii'It, bet^uife ther| wasno Interpreter th^t^imder- ilood both Tongues. For Example ^ If I W a mind to know what ><} run was in their Tongue, I was <^brt'd to, mend my pace, and indeed adually run Irom one end of the Cabin to t'other, tillthoy un- derilood what I meant, and ^d told me the Word | which I prefently fet down itt my Diftionpjr y. The Principal of them obfervins the gre^t IiK:Hnationl had to learn their Language , would often tell mc, Vatchifon igagahe^ Sfirity thou tukefi a great dtahfPaim. Tut Black to White. One Day they toM mc the Names of all the Parts of a Man's 13«ly. Howcvever, I for- bore letting down feverai iramodeft Terms, which thefc People Icruple not to ufe every foot. Obferving it, they would often cry ^^agaht^ '^g^g^f > Sprite Sp- rit , fet down that Word m wiUas tht rejh Thus would they divert thcmfclves with mo, and often fay to one another. When m ask fathtr Louis any thingy (For they had heard our Canou-Mcn call Jnc io) he does not mifwer m» But xvhen he has look up' on the Whitc^ (for they have no word for Paper) he then talksj and makes us underftandhis TltoughtS'Xhis White fkif^gt wou'd thcv add, mufi needs be a Spirit, which teaches him to w/derfiand^l m fay. Hence tney conclu- ded, that Dciaicr of thcCauou-Mcn Iiadfomuch Wit as as my relf>f becttfTe thty could mtmrk tmit that whk^ f^ds White. SbtfaatthisQuatiiidiHoAinme, made them fondly ima^e that I could do any tbin| elfe. " One Dsm 'ikeing the Rain fiiH in fiich abundance, that they fear'd 'twonld fpoil theJr hunting, they or— der'd me to bid it ceafe. I told them, pomting wit^ my Finger to the Clouds, f%at He, who was the Great Caft^ft ofHtavete, was thi fete Mafter of the kain Mtd Smjhine \ That He was the Great Djjfofer of aU the Events tisat bapfemto Morraby or the Vniverfe in general ; "that what they kid me do, defended not on nte, but tht firjt Mover, xekghad fent me thither, to teach them fj^ achowles^^ kin^fr their Creatf^md Redeemer. ' Obferying me diftinguifli'e flRthe Canon-Men by my Habil, and having no N^on of Celibacy, they would often ask what Age I was, and wliat Wives and Children I had. Their way of reck'nmg tj^ ir Years is by Winters. Thefe Wretches, voidorL^htandln- ^rudion, were ftralH|ely furpriz'd at the Anfwer I made them. I told them, pomting to the two Canou-* Men, whom I was come three Leages to vifit, That with HS, one Man might marry but onetVtfe, and that nO" thing cou*d feparate him again from that One, but Death : That for myfitf, I had promised the Great Mafter of Life never to marry any; buttoco^se and dwell amdlf^ tfaemf and inftruit them in the Commands of the Great Mafier of Heaven ai$d Earth, and to Hve poorly aniongft them, fast from ny own Country, where all good Things did abound. Yis true, fays one of them, here is little or no Hunt- ing in thefe Parts, and thoufetfferefi much : But have but patience tiU Summer, wefhallthen go into the hot Countries^ where we Jhall kill Bulls enough, and then thou wilt fnake thy felf fujficient amends for the time. thou hafi fpent here. 1 had been well content, had they let nie eat as their Children did ; but they hid the Viduals from me, and would rife t6 eat in the Night, when I knew nothing of it. And although Women havcufually nioic Com- panion than Men, yet they kept the little Fifli chat they - had, 174 J, New T^€(mry rf * bad, all for |heir Chil^reiu Fhct cjooiider'd me as a Slave whom their Wifriours had taken id their Eoc- mf% Country^ and j)referr'd the Lives aB>their Chil- dren before any Confideration they hid fer'mc j as Jndeed j| was but realbnable they fliou'd. ) However, fome of the Elders would cx)mc often, and mourii over mfe in a very doleful manlier. One wou'd call me Crandfon^ another Isfephm-j and all would fay to me, / amfirangely affli5te,^ tofuftheefi long without eatift^y and to undtrfiand thou hafi hem Jo ill treated in thy JoHTney, Thofe were yomg W'arriors withoHt^CourMey who wou*d have kllPd theey and who rM*d thee of what thoH hadfi. IfthoH v^u^^have had RMfes ofCafiorsy or wild BuUsy to dry tkjtpjfarsy we woiCd have given Vm thee 'y hut thoH womlf accept of nothing we have fre* fented thee* \ C HA P. LVL . T'he mofi conjiderahle Captain of the \{IC^t\and Nadouefli- ans upbraid thofe that took hs. ^ The Author Baptixjts the Danahter o/Mamenili. QVaff^oudey that is to &y, T%e Pierced Pifiey thewi^ felt and moH conilaera^e of all the Chiefs of the and NadoHejftoftSy made it publickly ap]^ar, that he was highly incens'd againll the Warriors that had us'd us fb very ill. He faidonce in a rail Council, That thofe who had robb'd us of our Things, were to be compar'dto familh'd Dogs, which having ftoleapiece of Flefli outof aDifti, fneak aWay with it when they have done : That they that had adcd much after the fame rate in regard of us, ought to belook'd upon as Dogs, who ccu'd put fuch unworthy Affronts upon Men, who brought them Iron, and other Merchan- dizes, which they had no knowledge of, though they Were found to be fo ufeful : That for Himfelf, he Ihou'd V 2 their Ene. |thcirGhil. ror'mcy as ^^^ften, and One wou'd long without '// treated in heeofwhm Cafiors^ or f^ve p-e*' tefsofthe ►ear, tha^ that had icil, That Jre to be lea piece !ien they iftcr the i £4;"^ Country in Amenta. 17) fliou'd one pay hayc an opportunity of bcinfe rcveng'd on him, who bad been Author of aU our Sufferings. This Reprimand was worthy the Charader of a J*crm o{OHaficoHde*$ Authority: AM the Gener^w oftb| Adion redounded fince to the Benefit offlfwholS Nation, as we fhallTee anon. Going one Day, as I often did, to vifit the Cabins, I found the In&nt-Child of one calFd Mamenfij very fick. Having a little examin'd the Symptoms of its Diitemper, I found the (3hild paft hopes of Reco- very. I delir'd our twoCanou-Men to give me their Opinions, telling them, I thought mv lelf oblig'd in Confcience to Baptize it. Michael Mo cou'd not be prevaird with to enter the Cabin where ^e Infant ky. He laid in Excuie, That I could not forget what a Rifque we had run once already, of being murder'd by th^ Savages through my Obflinacy, in perfiftmg to lay my Breviary^ whence 'twas to be fear'd, that what I was now going to do, might eip pofe us again to the iame Danger. The Wretch ha^ rather comply with certain Su- perditions of th&^arbarians, than aflUt me in lb pious a Defign. ceing follow'd then by none but Picard du Gayy who alJuted as God-lather, or rather Witnefs of tht Baptifm, I chriften'd the Child, and nam'd it Antr>HStla^ from St. Anthony of Padna \ and the rather, b«:aufe the faid Voter da Gay\ Name was Anthony Anguelle^ Native of Amiens^ and Nephew of Monfieur da Conroi^ Prodor-General of the Premort^ /w, and fincc Abbot of Beanliea^ to whom 1 prc- fcntecl him fafe at our Return from Canada, But to proceed j for want of more propter Utenfiis, I took a wooden Difh, and hying put fome common Ordi- nary Water into it, iprinkled it upon the Head of the little Savage, pronouncing the following Words, Creature ofGod^ I haptiz.ethee in the Name of the Father^ of the SoH^and of the Holy Ghofi. Then I took half my Altar-cloth , which I had fnatch'd out of the Hands ♦1 t^6 A Nttv^^sfiwery tf Hands of a Savage, who had ftolc it fr^wn. me, and ipread hover the Body of the Infant. ., ThC'Baptifm was acoompany'd with no other Ge. Unnonilltoure 1 was no longer in a Gonditioa ta fey Malrri»y Sacerdotal Robes being all taken from me. I belie v'd the Linen could not ferve to a more proper End than a Windmg-Sheet to the firft Ia£uit of tne Country, th^ had the Happinefs to Ix hipd- 2ed. I Icnow not how far its P^ins might beaflwag'd by Virtue of the Linen, or what Alterations it migkt feel. I am fure I faw it laughing the i^ext Day ia its Motjier's Arms, who believ'dl had cur'd her Child. However it dy'd fbme time after, which af- feckd me more with Joy than Grief. , Had this Child recovered, 'twas much to be fear*d *twou'd have trod in the ftepsof its Fore-fethers, and been oven-grown with their Infamous Superftitions, for want of a Preacher to inftruft k. For indeed, if thofc IF its Nation dwelling in Oarknefs and Ignorance, c^tt" tinne to fin wlthoHt Law^ thty jh^ dfo fer^h vfithout Law^ ds we are told by the Apoftle. Upon the(^ Confiderati- ons I \vas glad it had pleas'dGod to teke this little Chri- ftianbut of the World, left it might have fall'n into Temptations, hid it recovered, which might have cn» gag'd it in Error and Superftition. I have often attri- . ted my Prefervation amidft tlie greatcft Dangers which J 1 have iince run, to the Care I took for its Baptifm. . . CHAP. LVII. ; jin Emhitify fent to t%e Illati by the Savagef thdt inhabit . to' the Wefi of them. Whence i^spfoMrs that there is ne ftich thing M the Streights of Anian *, and that Japan is on thejame Continent as Louillana. UNdcr the Reign of thcEmperour Chmef V. the Fathers Reclufe of our Order were the firft that weif m me, and other Ge: ^ndition to token from c to a more obe hapti, beaflWag'4 ext Day k cur'd h^ which af. 4 Large Cpantrj in America. i 77 were fent by his Command iiito New-Mexk^y ^ct which timcchcre have been of them beyond the Vfi^^ tniUan'Sea. The moft remarkable Epoj^ue of the Streights c^ Anian^ commences from the time of thar molt exceHeUt iJ«//f/d4j of our Order, Man'J dt J^a" Itficlaj who w^sthe Firft Biflxop^of the grtat Qty of Mexico. We have (poke of him elfewhere. ^ In procefs of time 'tWas'iieliev'd that the mi Streights were only imaginary : Many Perfons noted for great Learning , are of {his Opinion^ and to evince the Truth of it, I will here fubjoin one evi- dent Proof, to thofe* which are already produc'd by tliem : and it is this. During my ftay among the JfitiaadNadoHjft4nji. therearriv'd four Savages in Em- badic to thcfc -People. They had come above five hundred Leagues from the Weft ^ and told us by the Interpreters of the IJfatly*' that they were four Moons upon the Way i for fo it is they call their Months. They added, that their (Jountry was to the Weft, fid that we lay to the Eaft in rcfpeflt of them ^ that |hey had march'd the ^hole time without refting,. excefjt to fleep , or kill Game foj- their Subfiftence. f They aflur'd us there was no fuch thing as the Streights of JiriUrt •, and that in their whole Jourpey they had neither met with, nor »pafled Over any Great Lake ; by which Phrafe they always mean the Sea, nor any Arm of it. , • . They farther inform'd us, That the Nation of the Alfeni'pHUes^ whofe Lakq is down in the Map, and who lie North-Ealt of the Ijfatiy was not above fix orfevcn Days Journey from i^s: That none of the Nations within their Knowledge , who lie to the Weft dnd Nortk-Wcft ef them, had any great Lake about their Countries, which were very large,' but only Rivers, which coming from the North, run (Trofs the Countries of their Neighbouring Nations, wWch border dn their Confines on the fide of the ^reat Lake, which in the Language of the Savages • • 178 J Nem Difecv^rj of TiiL * is £he<&me as Sea: That Spirits, and Pigmies^ ^x] Meft of little Statdre^ did inhabit there, as they had been informed by the People that liv'd farther up than tKemfelves ^ ^d that all the Nations which lie beyond' their Coufatry, andthdfe which are next to ^ them, dodv^ell in I^eadows and large Fields, when ai^many wild Bulls and Caftors, which are greyiir tfflm thofeof the North, and have their Goat more inclining to Blacky with many other wild Beafb, which yield very fine jfurrs. I The four Savages of the laid' EmbalTy affiifd «{ farther, that there were very few Foreihin theCouai. tries through which they pafs'd in their way hither; kiomuch that now and tl)pn they were fi> put toil for Fuel, tliat they were forced to make Fires of | Bull's I>ung, to boil their Viiftuals with in Earthen» Pots, which they make uie of^ as neither having, m knowing of any better. All thefe Circumltances which I have here infert- ed, make it appear, that there is no fuch thing as the Streights of j4»uw , as we ufually fee them kk \ •down in Maps. Tp aflert the Truth of what I fiy, I here firamkly offer my felf to return into thdi Parts, with llich Shipi as His Britanmvk Maj^fyt or tlieir High and MiAineJfts^ the States General^ Ihall think fit to fend thitner, in order to a full Difcovery; ill which I have no other Aiih but the Glory of G their Salyati(i by reafon of their natural Stupidity ; but that the belt way to take the Soul was to begin with the Body: That, ip (hort, I had gain'd their Friendfhif^ by my Services, and that they would have certaialy kiil'dus at the time they ufed us fo il], but tiiat they ka^ I had certain Remedies about me proper to reftore Hedth to the Sick ^ which they thought was a Treafure never to be valued as it ought. None was with me during this Harangue, but Fi^ Card dfi Gay, who, as he was going te hi§ Cabin, de- lir'd me to pardon him. But the groat Captain Oitaf' cmde haying heard of this barbarous Adion of the two Canow-Me% orderM them to appear before the Council,. and told them, that for the future he would take care to remov'e me out of the reach, not only of AdjHifagHetin^ who had fo often attempted my Life and yet adopted me for his Soh, but likwifefrora their Conijpany, who, ^e two Villains, as they were, had fo bafely deferted me. Had I not luckily be- thought my felft to break three Arrows in the pre- fence of this brave Chief, the Canow-Men being yet by, Jie had infallibly caus'd them to have been put to death that very Minute. I Ihall never forget the. Humanity of this great Captain, who treated me fo ' ^ ■ ' _ ' » favoura- 4 L»gt Coumry^ in America. \%^ 1 fchtr*?* ^M Murably On all Occafions. Thew two Canow-mca "^ef il?*l ^^^^ ^irprteM at whar hacj hippca^d, and promh'd -**cs whieji I jjjg gjj gutii-e Obedience for the future;* IS Ihadcur'j tttle-Snaict Heads, (oi,[ ,or tw«i]^)l ^ey could not' ^ great Pain, which they, ■^rSalvaM 'lat die beft the Body; Jlhijiby flijr liykai'dus tore Heaidi ^fure never M'l ae, but /*, Cabin, de* >tain Oi»4/?. tibn of the before the - he would not only ^ /Tiy Life ^ife^froni hey were, fckiJy be- 1 the pre- htiw^ yet ;eii put to >rget the. ?4 me fo favoura- C H A P. LIX. fk Savages halt above the faU of S# Anthony of Padna. TTfe^ are firei^en*d for Provijums. Tht Jitthor, with 9iczrdj returns to the Xiver OmfboOGm* The Advemttres of the yo^^e. Four Days after our Departure to hunt the wild Bulls, the Barbarians made a Halt ibme eig||t leagues above the Fall of St* Anthor^ of Paduay upon an Eminence, over againft the River of St, Francis, The Savage Women prepared little Docks to build the new &nou's in, againft the return of thofe who were gone for Bark. The Youth in the mean time went out to hunt the Stag, the wild Goat and the Caftorj but with fb littife Succefs, that the Prey they brought home was fo difproportionable to the Number that were to feed qp it, that we had hardly every one a Mouthful. Happy the Man that once in twenty four Hours could get fo much as ^ Sup of Broath. * ' . This put Picard and my felf up^n hunting after Goofeberries, and other wild Fruits, which often did lis more harm than good. And I am confident, that had it not -been for my Orvietan-Powder, which ii a great mealure correded the bad Nutriment which we took in, our Lives had b«pn in great Danger. This extream Want, ttiade us take a Refolution, up- on Michael Akoh refufing to accompany us, to ven- ture our felves in a little forry Canou as far as the River OHifcdnfm^ which was at no lefs dillance from us than 130 Leagues, to fee if the Sieur de S4IU had kept his Word with us: For he had promifed uspo- N4 fitively 'V fitively tp fend ^ea with Pov«der,*an4 Lead, and! Other Merchandizes, to the place which I have already mentioned : 4"^ ^^ ^^ ^^ affured mp more than once, before his departure from the Wnois, . 'The Savages would never h^ve fnflered u^ toliave made this Voyage, Without one of the three beiag left with them : And my felf was die Man they •jjitched upoMp ftay, by the Advice of the great Cap. | tain OmficouAe^ whilft the two Canou-Men were at liberty to proofed on thpir Voyage. But Mkhtd JLko^ viho vyas apprehenfive of the many Hardihipshe was like to meet with in this Expedition, could never he prevail'd upon to confent tp it : So that feeing he began to relilh the Barbarians way pf living, I delir'd iiieir Chief, that I. niight have leave to accompany Ticard in his ilead j who accordingly granted my Requelt. ' .. Our \^hoIe Equipage confifted of fifttcn or twenty Charges of Powder, a Fulil, a little forry* Earthen Pot, which the Barbarians gave us, a Knife between lis both,, and a Garment or Callor. Thus were we €quipt for a Voyage of 250 Leagues j but ourgreateft Trull was in Providence. As we were carrying qjir little Canou to the Fall ^f St. Anthony of Padua^ we perceived five or fix Savages, who were got there be- fore us. One of them vraswas got up into anOak over againft the great^Fall of Water, where be was weep- ing moft bitterly, having faftened to one of the Bran- ches of the Tree, a Robe of Callor, which was vyhitc within-fide, and garnifhed with Porcupine. 'The poor Wretch had offered it in Sacrifice to the Fall; which, indeed, of it felf is terrible^ and hath Ibmething in it very '&*fl:onilhing : However, it doth nbt come near that' of Ni ;ara. I could hear him fiy, as he was addrefling himfelf to the Calcade, ^ith Tears in his Eycsj Thou an a Spirit grant, that Thofe of my Nation may pafs here withoHt any Di- f^fitr J That we may meet with a great many wild BMs \ ■:' ■ \ and 4 Large Country m J^menc3i. " ii% mA that we may be fo ha0 as to vanqnifii our ^mnrf^ 0nd take 4 great mAnySUvtSy whom^ whertwe havemade them fii fir acc(^rdingto their Merits^ we wilt kring hither^ and flay in thy Prejence, The Meflenacks (*cis lb th€5f call the \^^t\Qnot XhQ OHttouagimisJ havejlai/ffomt of our Kindred : Grant we m^y be Jme to revenge our jelves ufon *em for that'j4ffront,,t The lafb part of his Requefl hapndfl to be fuliilfed fooner, I believe, than he cxpeded : For 4s chejl" re- turned from hunting the wild Bulls, they attacked their Enemy , killed a gpod Inariy of them, and car-* ried ofTfeveral Slaves, wiiom they put to death be? ?ore the Fall, after the mofb barbarous and inhumane manner in the Wofld, as we ihall fee in the S.^cond Volume, Now if after filch a barbarous GeremSny as I hav4 been delcribing, it fiappen but once that the Succefs anfwcrs the Requefl:,*tis fufficieat to render them bbftinate in theijr fiiperilitious Gullom, though it miscarry a hundred timtfs for oqce that it. hits. As for the Gaftor-Robe, which was thus offered as a fort of Sacrifice , one of our Europeans made bl^Jj with it at his return, and would have been glad of having more frequent Opportunities of profiting iby their Devotions. When we had got about a League below the Fall, l^icard mifs^d his Powder-Horn, and remembring he had left it there, was forced to go back and fetch it. At his return I Ihewed him a huge Serpent, as big as a Man's Leg, and feven or eight Foot long. She was working her felf Infenfiblyup a fteep craggy Rock, to get at the Swallows Nells which are there in great Numbers : And/ at the Bottom of the Moun- tain we law the Feathers of thofe fhe had already devoured. We pelted hep lb long with Stones, till at length Ihe fell into the River. Her Tongue which was in form of a Lance , was of an extraordinary length. Her Hifs might be heard a great Way, and the Noife of it.feized.us with Horror. Poor Picard dreamt^ 1 86 A New Difiovery of dreamt of her at Night, ^nd was in a great Agony nil the while. He told me, I had dome him a fenfi- We Kindnefs in waking him \ for though he was a Man intrepid enough, yet he was all in a fweat with the fright of hij Dream. I have likewife my felf been often difturbed in my Sleep with the; Image of her j lb great an Impreffion did the light of this Men- fttfr make upon our Spirits* As we were falling down the River Mefchafi^i with extraordinary Swiftnefs, becaufe the Current is very 'rapid in this place, by reaibn 'tis fo near the Fall, we found fbme of the Savages of our Band, in thelflands of the River, where xhey had fet up their Cabins, and were well provided with Bulls Flelh. They of- fercd us very freely of what they had. But about two Hours after our landing, we thought we fhould have been all murdered : Fifteen or fixteen Savages came into the middle of the -Plac: where we were, with their great Clubs in their Hands. The firft thing they did was to ovcr-fet the 'Cabin of thofe that had invi- tfd us. Then they took away all their Viduals, and what Bears-Oil they could find in their Bladders, or clfewhcre, with which "they rubbed themfclves all over from Head to Foot. We took them at firfl: for Enemies \ and Plcard was very near Iticking the firft that came m with his Sword. At the firft furprize, I began to lay hold of the two Pockct-Piftols that dit Gay had left me ^ but by good luck I contained my felf, or.otherwifc, with- out doubt, there had been an end of us^ for their Companions would not have failed to have revenged upon us the Death of thofe we had kill'd. We knew not what thcfe Savages were at firft; but it appear'd they were feme of thofe that we had left above at the Fall of St. Amhony. One of them, who called himfelf my Uncle, told me, that thofe who had given us Vidhials, had done bafe- ly to go and foreftal the othefs in the Chaftf j and tluic A Lufge Cc$inffy in America. 1 87 that according to the Laws and Cuftoms of their Country , 'twas lawful for them to plunder th^m* lince they had been. the caufe that the Bulls were aU run away , before the Nation could get together, which was a great Injury to tha Publick : For whci| they are all met, they make a great Slaughter among the Bulls p for they furround them^jfoon every fidc^ that 'tis impoffible for them to efcape. CH A P. JLX. The Hunting of the Tortolfe. The Author* s Camu is car" rfd off by afadden blaft of Windy which was like to have reduced him and his Companion 40 g^eat Streights, 1 N about threelcore Leagues rowing, we had kill'd _ but one wild-Goat, which we did as flic waf crofling the River. The Heats wRre now ^rown €0 exceflive , that our Provifions would be fpoil'd i^ twenty four Hours. This put us upon Hunting tnc Tortoife ^ but 'twas with much difficulty that wc. could take any^ for being very quick or hearing, they would throw themfelves into the Water upon the leaft noifc. However, we took one at laft, which was much larger than any we had "feen : His Shell was thin, and the Flefli very fat. WhilP: I was con- triving to cut off his Head , he had like to have beed before-hand with me, by fnapping pf my Finger witl| his Teeth, which are very (harp. Whillt we were managing this Affliir, we had hair led our Canou a-fl^r ^ but it feems a fud^cn and violent Blaft of Wmd had carried her off again in- to the middle of the River. Pitard was gone into the Meadows , to fee if he could kill a wild Bull ^ fo that I was left alone with the Canou. This o- bligcd mc to throw my Habit as fa(t as I could ove th« i88 A New Difeovery of Tortpife, which I had tiirn'd, for fear he fhould get away. I likewife laid feveral Stones upon my Clothes, the better to fecure him. When I had done, 1 fell a fwimming after our Canou, which went very fail: down the River,* being carried by a very quick iStream, becaufe 'twas jull at the turning of a Point. After I had recovered it with a great deal of difficulty, I durft not get into it, for fear of being overfet, and wetting the Woollen Coverlet that was in it, which I us'd to flcep on -, and the reft of our little Equi- page : For which realbn I was foK'd to Jjufli it fbme- times before me, and fometimcs tug it after me, till by little and little I gain'd the Shoar, a fniall half quarter of a League below the place where I had left the Tortoife. Picard returning from the Chace, where he had kill'd notfiing *, and finding only my Habit upon the Tortoife , but no Canou, had rcafon to think tliat fome Savage or other having found me alone , had kiird me» In gftat fufpence , he return'd into the Meadows , to look about, if he could fee any Body. In the mean time, I had made what h^fte I could .lip the River with my Canou ^ and had \}q (boner t:iken up my Clothes, but I Tpy'd a Drove of fixty Bulls and Cows, with their Calves, eroding the Ri- ver, towards the Land on the South-lide. I purfued them in my Canou , and fet up as great a Cry as I could, to give Picard notice of it. He made up to ilie Noife , and had tiine enough to get into the Ca- non, whilft a Dog which we had with us, by' his Barking, had dix)ve them to a Bay in the .Ides of the River. When wc were prepared, the Dog drove tliem froip thence ^ and as they jialVd by us, Picard kill'd one 'of them with his Fulii, having lodg'd the Bullet in his Head. Having dragg'd it to the lidc of the River, it prov'd to be a Cow , that weigh'd about five or fix hundred weight. The Bulls have more Flclh , and wci^h heavier •, but becaufe wc • ■ '. ' ' could I I A LargiB Country ifikmmcdi, 189 could not get it quite to Land, we contented our felves with cutting the bell Pieces, and left the reft, ia the Water. Twas almoft now eight and forty hours flnce wc cat iaft •-, fothat we fell a kindling a Fire as faft as wc L could, which we made of the Wood the River had thrown upon the Sands •, and as faft as Pkard skinn*d it, I put the Pieces of Flefh into our little earthen Pot to boil. We eat of it with that great greedin6fs, that both of us were lick ^ io that we were oblig'd to hide our^lves in an Ifland, where we relted two Days for the recovery of our Health by the help of my Orvietan, which was a great Benefit to us during the whole Voyage. Whilfl: I was fetching the Pieces. of Flefh which Pkard gave me, I went backward and forward very often clofe by a Rattle-Snake, feven or eight Foot long, without perceiving him, as he lay wrapt afleep in the Sun. I told Picard of it, who came and kill'd him with our Oar, and afterwards threw him into the River. To be ftiort, we could not charge our felves with much Provifioas , becaufe of the fmalnefs of our Ca- iiou •, belides that, the exccflive Heat tainted it pre- f^ntly, fb that it would fwarm with Worms in an in- Hant. For thefe Rcafbns wc were foon in the fame condition j and when we embarked in the Morning, we knew not whether we (houldhave any thing to cat at Night. Never had we more reafon to admire the Goodnefs of Providence , than during this Voyage. It was not every Day we. met with any Game, noi' i^hcnwedid, were we fure to kill it. The Eagles, which arc to be fccn in abundance in thefe valt Countries , will fomctimcs drop a' Breme, a large "Carp , or fomc other Fifh^as they are car- rying them to their Neft^ in their Talons, to feed their young. One day Ve efpied an Otter, which was feeding on a great Fi(h upon the Bank of the Kivcr j which Filh had upon its Head a fort of Beak about 190. A Neiif Difcoa/ery of about five Inches broad,, and a Foot and a balf long. As loon as Fieard Tpy'd it , he cried out he faW the Devir between the Claws of the Otter. This Sur- prize was not fb great, but that we made bold to feed heartily upon it. The Flefli of it was good ^ and wc sam'd it the Sturgeon with die long Beak. CHAP. LXL ^ We continue OHT Conrfe in fearch of the Rive^ OniCconRn* Aqivipaguetin finds w, and gets thither before w. We fnltfist meerly Ify Providence, NOtwithllanding we had rowed fb many Leagues, yet could wc not find the River of OHifconfm : This made us believe that it was Aill at a great di- itlance from us^ when behold AqnifagHetin^ whom we believed to be above 200 Leagues ofC appeared all on a fudden , with ten Warriors with him^ tcv wards the middle of Jdy i ten at d Large Ccantrji ip Atm^noi. 19 j could not, our little Earthen Pot being unhappily, broke fome time before. When we had latisfied our Appetite, and returned our Thanks to Him, whpfe Providence had Co fea- fonably relieved us , we heard a noife about two in the Morning , upon the Bank of the Rivgr ofBitUsy where we then were. After the IVho-goes-there f we he^rd the Anfwer was, Tepatoni Nika^ and the Word Nikmagi ^ which is as much as to lay, Friends^ allit mil. I told Picard, that by the Language I believ'd them to be Jllinoi^^ or OHtouagamis. who arc Enemjf s of the Ijfatiy or Nadouejfans. But the Mopn Ihining very bright , and the Day beginning to appear, I perceiv'd 'twas die Savage Mar^emifi^ whofe Infant- Daughter I Baptiz'd , when P/wr-i aflifted as God- father, or Witnefs. 1 He knew us again prefently ; and being juft come from Hunting , where they had had plenty of Game J he gave us what Viclaials we pleas'd If and inform'd us , that all thofe of his Na- tion were conting down the River of BhIIs^ which difcharges it ffclf inip the Mefihajipi\ having their Wives and Children with them. What he laid was true ^ for the Savages, with whom Michael Mo had ftaid behind, were all de- fcending the River of Bulls with- their Fleet of Ca- nou's well ftored with Provifions. Aquipaguctin by the way had acquainted thofe of his Nation , how Tlcard and my felf had expos'd our fclves in our Voy- age to Oufconfwy and what great Hazards we had ran. The Chiefs of the Savages gave us to underltand, that they were very well fatisficd with what we had doiF: : But all of them reproach'd Michael Ako for a bafc F.j >.v', vvlio bad rcfus'd to accompany us for fear ot bciu[; tamilh'd by the way. Pic.trd too, but that 1 did vvhat 1 could to hinder ir, would have us'd him ill before all the Compiniy, fo incens'd was he ngajnil iiim, for his want of Courage and Affedion. , rP-'J .f o CtlAl^ 1^4 ANm Wif€wirj (f CHAP. LXIU. . 1 ThiSmiM^ Women hide theirProvifiens Mp'>4»d^d9wn in ^,; ifate Holes. They go doufitt the River a^ain *Jecondtimt, ^0 ^f ^^ Sav^^ts, Bnevery of one of the Savages. TH E Savage Women being come to the Moyth of the River of Bulisy hid their Provifions up. and-down the little Iflands that are there, and in hoi. low Places under-ground* Thefc People have a way to^ prcferve their Meat thus , without Salt, as we ftiaU fee hereafter. We fell down the River a fecond time^ mwrnpany of a multitude of Ganou's, of which I havt already fpoke, Hunting all the way as we went, and were got a matter of fourfcore Leagues. The Savagfes from time to time hid their Canous in the little Ifland , or in the Reeds upon the Bank of the River, and went (even orqight Leagues up the Coun- try into the Meadows 4)eyond the Mountains, where at feveral times they kill'd between an hundred and iixfcore Cows and Bulls. W hilft they are at the Chafe, they always lepve fopie Old Men on the top of the Mountains, to fee if they can diflover the Enemy. All this while 1 had a Savage under my. Cure, who ufuully caird me Brother : He had run a Thorn very deep into his Foot , and 1 was then putting a Plaiftcr on it, when on a fuddeu the Alarm was taken in our Camp. Two hundred Archers immediately ran to fee what was the Matter •, and the generous Savage, whofe Foot I had laid open, in order to get oiit the Thorn , which was very deep, Iprung like- wife from me on a fudden, and ran as fait as the belt, that he might not lofe his Share ia the Adion. But inftcad of the Enemy, they could fee notliing but about au hundred Stags, which were running away as fait as ihey could. My poor Patient had much ado to recover the Camp. All the while the Alarm lafted, the a Large CmMry m AnRerica. ^j^^ the Women -and Miids ,kept imgiog ia a very iad aad melancholy Tone. , ^icard being gone to lus Hoi| , I was left alone with oac Ofchitiihi ^ but after the'lecond Hnntingi | was forcM to carry an Old Weioan with me in my Canou, who was abov^- fouricore : For aQ that, ^ help'dmetorow, and with her Oar would now-a»d»- then pat two or three little Cl^^^a, that ky and (U^urb'd us in the middle of our Canou. The Men were very kind to me ; but for all chat^ 'twas nece^ fary to make a Court to the Women, ^ for the Vi(fkials were all in then* Cnltody, who d^liver'd everyone his Mefs. ;This I did by tiiSLvim now-aad-then th^ Crowns of their Children's Hflfts, who wear their liiir ihorn not unlikie our Mo^s. They let it grow till tbey are fifteen, ifixteen , or eighteen Years old» as well on the top of the Head» as eilfewitiere ^ but at that Age, their Parents take it offj by burning it with ffet Stones made red-hot in the Fire : So 3iat the Women thought themfdvcs mightily beholding to me\ for (having their Chilareh, becaufe I took off the Hair without pain. We had again another Alarm in our Camp : The Old Men, who had their Station on the top of the Mountains, fent to give notice that they had de- fcry'd feme Warriors from afar. The Archers ran as hard as they could drive , towards the Place where the Enemy was laid to appear ^ every One endeavouN ing to be firft ui the Adion. But after all this Nc»fe, they brought nothing back with them but two Wo- men of their own Nation , who were come to ac- quaint them that one of their Parties being gone a Hunting, towards the' end of the Upper Lake , had light upon five Spirits , by which Name it is they call the EhroftAnt, They added , That thele Spirits had talk'd to 'em, by mcaas of fome of their Nation who had feeij us, and had bceu SUves amongft the Oatouagamis and JrocjHoe/ey whofe Language they un- O 2 derltood. 0^96 '-^^W\^ewDifh&vefy0f 'derftood : That they had alfo dcfir'd th^m to corii dud them to the Place where we were, becaufe they fhbuld be very glad to know whether we Were jE«fj. j?Jfc , pMch^ Spattiitrdsy or Canadians : An4 farther, That't;hey could not imagine how we had been able to penetrate fo far up into the Country aifeong theft people. '1 muft obferve hereupon , That there arc certain Perfons at Canada , who have got the Management of all Affairs there into their hands, as I have elfe- vrhere faid. Thefe People being very angry, that we had been aforehand with them in our Dilcovcries, had fent Men aftei^s to fhare in the Glory of the Adion : For they "oped by our Means to get a Knowledge of the Nattons which we had feen, in or- der to Trade thither, as fbon as they Ihould have a Paeteiice offending us back to Mnrope. •A^. C H Anjerica, ,1^7 They came up to us in c^opipany with the tV9 Savage- Women an hundred iM twenty Leagues* or thereabouts, from the Coun|yy of tlie Barbari4nl^ that had taken us. T^'hey defir*djis, becaufe we had fome knowledge of qie Language of the Iffttlytozci company them biack to the Villages of thofe'Peo| pie. I readily agreed to their Requeft, elpeciallf when I underftood that they had nbt receiv'd the Sacraments in the whole two Years and a hatf th^t tliey had been out upon their Voyage. The $ie;n^ kLnthf who iJalsM for their Captain, was ovb*- joy'd to fee me, and told me as a Secret, That thcir^ who had f^nt him, would mils of their Aim, alshe would let me know more at leifure." . And obfery^ ing how I (hav'd the Crowns of the Young Sava-; ges, he order'd them to be told I'was his'eldefl? Brother. '^' All this made the Savages treat mc better than ev)d^i and fiirnifh me very plentifully with Provifions. . r apply'd my felf alfi? more than ever to the mcan^ of rhcir Salvation^ and 'tis true they liearken'd to m^ attentively enough. But then, to make any progr^l??,- one muft live wnole Vears among them, dbey are fb ignorant, and grounded in Superftitution. Vi.^' '' ~'^' The Sieqr du Lnth was cliarih'd at the iigftrbf thcf Fall of St. Anthony ofPadaa^ whfch was the Name we had given it, and in all appearance will remain with' it. I alio fhew'd him the craggy Rock, where thef monftrous Serpent was climbing up to devout the young Swallows in their Nefts ^ and recounted to him the Horror that Teiz'd Picardy at the Image^ his Fancy fram'd of that terrible Animal in his Dream. I mult here obferve, that feeing my felf at Liberty to fay my Office after the Arrival of the Sieur du Luthl to be more exaft in the Service , 1 thought I woulci ask him the Day of ' the Month : He told me as freely, he could not fatisfy me in that Point, for he » O 3 had . I had ^<^ NbUQjj of It U(u "rtpo^ tftis I recaunted to hiig "t^*? ill ufa^e wbk b )ye receiv^cl at the Haads of the $j(^hariam >, at their fell taJcwg|Jus, Tybick pifocceded ijj^ayi times fo fer as to threatea ow ti^es j that ther^ fiitei fe oiight not tobet nixpriz,'d^ if through tiie Tcr- iors and Apprehenfions which I hadlaia fo long under, t had forgot even /the Day of ^he W,ecL yfh arrived at tihe Villagestof tJbe ^ati oa the i4tli pf^/^j^, i(5^So,. where! fewAd toy C&^cf very fiffi.^ wuh th.e JEfebJs^ ajid Paper? wMch r had hid Wider-pQimd. „ ia preJEexicr of the Savages them- selves. Thefc. Wretehe3 had never had & mud as a thought to meddle with. them,r being, fearful and fuperflmons in 'relation to. Spirits,, and belwviiig there is Witchcraft in every filing they cannot ap- prehend. The Tobacco, which iplanted befi)re our DepartWe, -was half choak'd with Grafs. Biitthe Cabbage, and other things whichi I had fbi«n». were of a prodigious, growth. The SjtaJJf s of the. Furfliaiji were as; big as Reeds.: But the^Savages were afraM famuch as to taite t^em. a„v .* . A little* after our returnyl^e iSavages invited us to a great Feaft after their own famon* Tiiere were above af^ hundred and twenty Men at. in na- ked* Oiia/koude, the firft Captain of the Natioi^ and Kinfinan of the Deceas'd , whole dead Bod| J covered, when they brought him back to the Vil- lage in. a Ganou, brought me forae dry'd Flelh and Wild Oats in a difli of Bark, which he fet before me Vpon a Bull's HidCj whicenedi and garnifhed with "Porcupine Skins on the one Ude, and curl'd Wodl on the other. After I had eat, this Chief put the iame Robe on my Head, aud covered my Face with it, laying with a loud Voice before all tlua: were prefent, He whafe dead Body than dJdjl cover^ tov&rs thim while dive, He has carry'd the Tydl?!gs of it to the Country ofSmU-i (for thefe People believe the Tranfaiigration of Souls :) • Wh(» >wu^ were iie. Purilaia mitcd Ds There I at ic jia- ad Bodjr I ) Ebe Vil. He/hand before me Haed with 'd Wool] d Litfg^e Ojwtfyjr i^ America. 1 99 )f^4f ^kff ///^^ r^y^^ o/f/Enr JD^e4^ »/ ^^1p#-^ w^^f ;;^^ .' M iht Nation apflJikds dkdfhdnki tUifem tW n After thii he gently reproadi^d the ^mtMiM^ that he did n&tmtr the Deadj as I h#J d6dd ' -f^^ w^hich the Sieur defined me 16 knlWet-, Thft^hi? jS«^. covered the Bodies ofanylwt fiiifhGal)taiiis^Shiftifetf; To which the SaVige anfw^rldi Firibrr tools (fdt*,&hc heard the Buinffims call ine> is^kj^eater CMmk^^kM thou : HisRobe((^ma^ofmy Wik^ Chafubte;\^fijcK they had taken Trorri me, ^d was aftetwi^^ilt a* a Prcfent to our Attics, whb jited three ModdsififBtfftde fix)m this Couiitry) wdffimrthar/ tiAm thdiPuetiif^fi, When thefe Savages QJeaJT eVf a Journey oftfe^^d or more Moons, they mean I^nthfe,^ ^^ "T^ well, and win travel fifteen Leagneri a D^y.-'^By which the Readei" may judge what art ext^t ■(« Ground they cari go in three Months. ' • { im Hn -tJm, tl^Jlm ^^ ^CHAP. JU..i fhe Anthw takes his Itifvt (ft^ Savages t& re^^H^ t4 Canada. A Si^^e is farn^ ^ his Chitf; fii^ kivi-^ fmg to kiH tfs. DtfpHte between tHU'Simi^'&^tei^ and the Attthttr^ abmt the Sacrifk^^ Bdi^MMs. '■•}' Towards the end of 5<^ff^>r, feeing we' MiJ no Tools ptt>J)er to build a Houfe t^ dwell iii during the Wiifeel-, amcfng thefe Peq)le^\^nd eon-^ iidering that w^ were deftitute of Provifii4S n^cef- fary to fublift there, as our Defign was at firft tci have done, we refolved to let them underftand, that to procure them Iron , and other Merchamjizes''^ which- were ufeftil for them, 'twas convenient that ^ye fhould return to Canada^ and that at a certaiii time which we fhould agree ftpton between us', they fhould come half the way with their Furrs, and we the other half witli our European Convribdities : P 4 Jhat 100 .tDi i^ ^^ Difcovery of Tliat they might let tvyo of their Warriors go with us, whom we would carry into our Country, and likewifc taring back again the next Year to the place appointC(^ for meeting, from whence they might pi'oeeed to acquaint them of our return, in order 10 their meeting us with their Eifefls. Upon this they held a great Council, to confider whether they Ihould fend fomc of their Nation with us or no. Two there were who were for it, and ofFer'd themfelves'to be the Men : But they alter'd their Opinion the Day of oui^ Departure, alledging for a Reafon, That we were obliged to pafs through many Nations who were their fworn Enemies, and would be fin-e to feize their Men , and take them, out of our Hands, cither to burn them, or put them otherwife to Death by exquifite Torments, and that without our being-able to hinder it, being fb few in Num])lT as we were. ■ I anfwcr'd. That all thofe People, whom they were afraid of, were our Friends and Allies, and that in coniidcration of us, they would forbear to injure any of their Nation that were with us. Thefe Barbarians wanf no Wit^ on the contrary, their Natural Parts ^re extraordinary. They told us in return, that fince we were to pafll through ihefe People, who were their fworn Enemies, we fhould do vvcll to dcllroy them, at whofc Hands they had rccciv'd fo many In- juries i that then their Men (hould go and return with us to fetch them Iron, and other Commodities which tfiey wanted, and would glaaly treat with ns about. From whence we may gather, that thcfe Barbarians arc full of Rcfcntmcnt , and Thoughts pf Revenge, Difpolittons not altogether fo well pre- pared, to receive the meek Dodrin.of the Go- fpel. In fine, Ou<[ficoiiie their Chief Captain , having confcntcd to our Return, in a full Council , gave us fomc Bulhels of Wild-Oats , for our Sublillcncc ^vi!i-'- - y^ • ' by A LtLYge Countrf in Afnerica. 50^ by the way, having firll regal'd us in the bell man- ner he could, after their fafhion. • We have already obferv'd, that thefe Oats ar« better and more whol-* fome than Rice. After this , with a Pencil , he mark'd down. on a Sheet of Paper,' wliich .1 had left, the Courfe that we were to keep for four hun-f dred Leagues together. In fhort, this natural Geor grapher defcribMour Way fb exadly, that this Chart ferred us as Well as my Compafs could have done. For by obferving it punftually, we arrived at the Place which we defigned, without lofing our way in the leaft.^ All things being ready, we dilpofed our felves to depart, being eight Eurofeans of as in all. We put our felvfs into two Canous, and took our leaves of our Friends, with a Vplly of our Men's Fufils, whi(;h put them iiito a terrible Fright. We fell down the River of St. Francis^ and then that of the Mefthafipi. Two of our Men, without faying any thing, had taken down two Robes of Gaftor, from before the Fall of St. Anthony of Pttdna^ where the Barbarians had hung them upon a Tree as a fort of Sacrifice. Hereupon arofe a Difpute between the Sieur du Luth and my felf. I commended what they had done , faying. The Barbarians might judge hy it^ thm we difapproved their Sn^erftinon. On the contrary, the Sieur dn Lnth maintained. That they ought to have let the things alone in that place where they were, for that the Sa- vages would not fail to reveiige the Affiont which wc had put upon them by this A them fee how much I rely'd upon their Word. Soon after we landed, and entrcd the Cabin where the Sieur dn Luth was^ who would have embrac'd their Captain. Here we muff: obferve, that 'tis not the Cuffom of the Savages to embrace after the manner of the French. I told the Sieur dn Luth that he need only prefcnt him with a piece of the beft boyl'd Meat that he had, and that in cafe he cat of it, we were fafe. It hapned according to our Wifli •, all the rcfl: of the Giptains of this little Army came to vifit us, It cofl:our Folks nothing but a few Pipes of Manimco- Tobacco, which thcfc People are paffionately fond of, though their own be ftrongcr, more agreeable, and of a much better Scent. Thus the Barbarians were very civil to us, without ever mentioning the Robci a Large Country iff Ametkai. io^ Robes of Coftor. The Chief* Ouafuoude advis'd me to prefent (bme Pieces of Maninko Tobaao to the Chief Aqtii^a^uetin ^ who had adopted me for hi&^ Son. This Civility had ftran^e effeds upon the Bar- barians, who went off ihoutmg, and repeating the Word LoHts^ which as we laid, iignifies the Bnn : So that I mufl lay without Vanity, my Name will be as it were immortal amongft thefe People, by reav fon of its jumping fo accidentally with that of the Sun. CHAP. LXVII. the Anthor'^'s Voyage from the Mouth of the River OmC^ conlin, to the great Bay of the Puans. TH E Savages having left us to go and War up- on the Mefforites^ Mahoras, Jliwois, and other Nations, which inhabit towards the lower part of the River Mefchappi, and are irreconcilable Enemies to the People of the North ^ the Sieur Ju Luth^ who upon many Occafions approv'd himfelf to be much my Friend, could not forbear telling our People, that I had all the reafoi in the World to believe that the Viceroy of Canada would give me a very kind Reception, in* cafe we could arrive there be- fore Winter^ and that he wifh'd with all his heart he had been among fo many different Nations as my felf. As we went up the River Ouifconfm^ we found it was as large as that of the lllh/ols, which is naviga- ble for large VelTels above an hundred Leagues. Wc could not fufficiently admire the Extent of thofc vafl: Countries, and the Cliarniing Lands through which we pafs'd, which lie all unrill'd. The cruel Wars which thcfe Nations have one wiih nnothcr, are the caufc that they have not People enough to cui- 2o6 ANmT>ifc wc ', # , 21 a A tfep t)ifc(rviry (f ivc arriv'd at the Lake Erie^ ox of the Cat^ whew Hve ftaW Ibme time to kill Stui^eon, which come here in great numbers, to call dieir Spawn on the fide of the Lake. We took nothing but the Belly of the Fifh, which i$ the molt delicious part, and threw away the reft. This Place afforded alio plenty of Venifbn and Fowl. As we were ftanding in the Lake, upon a large Point of Land which nms it feif very far into the Water, we perceiv'd a Bear in it as far as wc could fee. We oDuld not Imagine how this Crea- ttire got there i 'twas very improbable that he fhould fwim from one fide to t'other, that was thirty or forty Leagues over. It hapncd to be vei-y calmj and fo two of our Men leaving us on the Point, put off to attack the Bear, that was near a quarter of a League out in the Lake. Thfy made two ^hot at him one after another, otherwife the Beaft had certainly funk them. .As loon as they had fir'd, they were forc'd to Iheer dfFas feft as they could to ctiarge again; which when they had doBie,4Jiey re- turned to the Attack. The Bear was fbrc*d to ftarid it V and it coft them no lefs than leven Shot before they could compafs him. As they were endeavouring to get him aboard, they were like to have been over-let; whiph if they had, they mull have been infallibly loft: AH they could do was to faften him to the Bar that is in the middle of the Qmow, and io drag him on Shoar; which they did at laft with much ado, and jgreat hazard of their Liv^s. We had all the Iciliire that was requiiite for the drelfing and ordering him, fo as to make him keep; and in the mean time took Out his Intrails, ^nd having cleans'd and boil'd them, eat heartily of them. Thcfe are as good a Dilh as thofe of our Sucking-Pigs in Enrofe. His Flefli ferv'd us the reft of our Voyage, which we ufually eat with lean Goats-flefli, becaufe it is too fat aLargeCoufafyiftAmenc3i. 21} fat to eat by it,felf : So that We liv'd for an huil» * (^ed Leagues upon the Game that we kill'd in this place. •■siff^- t— »" CHAP. LXX. ^the Meeting of hhe Attthor and a certain Captain of the Outtaouafts, nam'd Talon ly the Intendant of that J^ame^ ufon the Lake of Erie , who recounts to him tnany Adventures of his Famity and Nation* Fmr^ the^ ObffTV^tions uf/Katarockoui, where thou hafi 'cMHS^d a great Cj. bin to be built. Had I been at my VtUage when thon canPf throHgh it, I would have done all that I could to hove km thecy'infiead of the Black Coat (lb they call the Jdu. ites ) which was there. When the poor Captain had done fJDcaking, I folemnly promis'd him to ufe my utmofl: Intereft with the Iroquefe^ for the releafement of his Friends. After we had row'd above an .hundred and forty Leagues upoii the Lake Erie, by realbn of the many Windings of the Bays and. Creeks which hvq • wer? forc'd to coafl-, we pafs'd by the Great Fall of Nii, gara, and fpent half a Day in conlidering the Won^ ders of that prodigious Cafcade. I could not conceive how it came to pafs, that four great Lakes, the leafl of which is 400 Leagues in comi)afs, Ihould empty themfelves one into ano- ther, and then all centre and difcharge themfelves at this Great Fall, and yet not drown good part of ^ merica. What is yet more furprizing, the Ground from the Mouth of the Lake Erie, down to the Great Fall, appears almoft level and flat. 'Tis fcarce dif- cernable that there is the leafl: Rife or Fall for fix Leagues together : The more than ordinary fwiftnefs of the Stream, is the only thing that makes it be ob- ferved. And that which makes it yet the Itranger is, That for two Leagues together below the Fall, to- wards the L^ke Ontario, or Frontenac, the Lands are as level as they are above it tow ards the Lake of Erie* t Our Surprifc was itill greater, when we obferv'd tnere were no Mountains within two good Leagues of this Cafcade^ and yet the vaft quantity of Water which is difchuj'gM by thele four frefli Seas, Hops or centers here, and fo falls abovq fix hundred Foot down into a Gulph, which one cannot look upon without Horror. Two other great Out-lets, or Falls of Water jj which arc on the twQ fides of a fiiiallfloping Pa^s, that 00 Leagues ' into ano- emfelves at part of A. ne GrouD(| 3 the Great icarce dif- PaJl for R}; y ivviftnefs 'Sic beob- tranger is, ' FalT, to- Lands are of Erie. ' obferv'd f Leagues •f Water ilops or red Foot ok upon T Falls of II Hoping Ifland, d Lar^e Comry i» AmcricsL. 215 jljland, which is in the midfl:, fall gently and with-* lout noife, and fo glide away quietly enough: But I when this prodigious quantity of Water, of which Ifpeak, comes to fall, there is fuch a din, and fuch 'anoife, that is more deafning than the loudeH: Thunder. * The rebounding of thefe Waters is ro great, that a fort of Cloud arifes from the Foam of it, which are feen hanging over this Abyfs even at Noon-day, when the Sun is at its heighth. In the miJft of Sum- mer, when the Weather is hotteft , they arife above the talleft Firrs, and other great Trees, which grow in the flooping Ifland which make the two Falls of Waters that I ipoke of Iwifli'd an hundred times that fbmebody had bec4 with us , who could have delcry'd the Wonders of this prodigiotis frightfiil Fall, Co as to give the Rea- der a juft and natural Idea of it, fuch as might fatisfy him, and create in him an Admiration of this Prodigy of Nature as great as it delerves. In the mean time, accept the following Draught, fuch as it is^ in which however I have endeavoured to give the curious Rea- der as juft an Image of it as I could. We mufl: call tq mind what I obferved of it in the beginning of my Voyage , which is to be feen in the Seventh Chapter of this Book. From the Mouth of the Lake Erie to the Great Fall , are reckon'd fix Leagues, as I have faid, which is the continuation of the Great River of St, Law/ence^ which arifes out of the four Lakes abovc-mcntion'd. The River, you mult needs think , is very rapid for thcfc fix Leagues, bccaufe of the vaft Difcharge of Waters which fall into it out of the faid Lakes. The Linds , which lie on both fides of it to the Eaft and Well, are all level from the Lake Eric to the Great Fall. Its Banks arc not lleep ^ on the cx)atrary, the Water is almoft always level with the Lund. 'Tis certain, That the Ground towards the Fall is iq.vcr^ P4 • -r by "^ 2i6 A Netp Difeaverj of by the more than ordinary fwiftncfs of the Stream j and yet 'tis not perceivable to the Eye for the fix Leagues abovelaid. After it has run thus violently for fix Leagues, it meets with a fmall (loping IQand, about half a quar- ter of a League long, and near three hundred Foot broid, as well as one can guefs by the Eye j for it is impoflible to copic at it in a Canou of Bark, the Wa- ters run with that force. The Ifle is full of Cedar and Firr ^ but the Land of it lies no higher than that on the Banks of the River. It fcems to be all level, even as far as the two great Cafcades that make the main Fall. The two fides of the Channels, which are made by the Ifle, and run on both fides of it, overflow almoft the very Surface of the Earth of the laid Iflcj as well as the Land that lies on the Banks of the River to the Eaft and Weft, as it runs South and North. But we muft obferve, That at the end of the Ifle, on the fide of the two great Falls, there is a flooping Rock which reaches as far as the Great Galph, into which the faid Waters fall ^ and yet the Rock is not at all wetted by the two Cafcades which fall on both fides, becaufe the two Torrents which are made by the Ifle, throw themlelves with a prodigious force, one towards the Eaft , and the other towards the Weft, from off the end of the Ifle, where the Great Fall of all is. After then thelb two Torrents have thus run by the two fides of the Ifle, they caft their Waters all of a fuddcn down into the Gulph by two great Falls-, which Waters are pulh'd lb violently on by their own Weight, and fo fiiflain'd by the fwiftnefs of the mo- tion, that they don't wet the Rock in the leaft. And here it is that they tumble down into an Abyfs above 600 Foot in "depth. The Waters that flow on the fide of the Eall^ , do not throw thcmfclvcs with that \iolcacc as tliofe •^ • •>• tlut 4 Large Ccufitn in America. 217 tiiat fall on the Weft. The Rcalbn is, becaufe the Rock at the end of thelfland, rifes Ibmething more on this fide, than it ddes on the Weft^ and ib thp Waters being fupported by it fomcwhat longer than they are on the other fide, arc carry'd the fraoother off": But on the Weft the Rock flooping more, the Waters, for want of a Support, become the (boner broke, and fall with the greater precipitation. Ano- ther Reafon is , the Lands that lie on the Weft are , lower than thofe that lie on the Eaft. We allo'cb--^ ferv'd, that the Waters of the Fall, that is tojthc Weft , made a Ibrt of a fquare Figure as th«|rfcl], which made a third Cailade, lefs than the othej* tw^o^ which fell betwixt the South and North. And becaufe there is a rifing Ground which lies before thofe two Caicades to ':!ie North, the Gulph is much larger there than to i i "-^ft. Moreover, we muft obferve , that from th. • g Ground that lies over againft tfie two laft Falls wnich are on the Welt of the main Fall, one may go down as far as the bot- tom of this terrible Gulph. The Author of this Dilcovcry was dow'n there, the more narrowly to ob- ferve the Fall of thefe prodigious Caicades. From hence we could difcover a Spot of Ground, which lay under the Fall of Water which is to the Eaft , big enough for four Coaches to drive a-breaft without being wet \ but becaufe the Ground, which is to the . Eaft of the floping Rock, where the firft Fall empties it fclf into the Gulph, is very fteep, and almoft per- pendicular, 'tis impollible for a Man to get down oa that fide, into the Place where the four Coaches may go a-breaft, or to make his way tlirough fuch a quan- tity of Water as falls towards the Gulph : So that 'tis very probable, that to this dry Place it is that the Rat- tlc-Snakcs retire, by certain Paflagcs which they find under Ground. From the end then of this Ifland it is, that thefe two Great Falls of Waters, as alfo the third but now mea-i ai» A Nm Difiovtry of mentioned, throw themfelves, after a moftiurpriz, ing manner , down into a dreadful Gulph ilx hun- dred Foot and more in depth. I have already laid, ^hat the Waters which pifcharge themfelves at the Caicade to the Bail, fall with lefler force; whereas thoft to the Welt tumble all at once , making two Caicades \ one moderate, the other very violent and ftrong , which at lafb make a kind of Crochet, or Iquare Figure^ felling from South to North, and Weft to Ball. After this, they rejoin the Waters of the other Cafcade that falls to the Eail , and fo tumble down altogether, though unequally, into the Gulph, with all the violence that can be imagined, from a Fall of fix hundred Foot, which makes the molt Beaur tifiil, and at the fame time molt frightful Cafcade in the World. After thcfb Waters have thus dilcharg'd them- felves into this dreadful Gulph, they begin to refume their Courfe , and continue the great River of St. ta/irence for two Leagues , as rar as the three Mountains which are on the Eaft of the River, and the great Rock which is on the Weft , and lifts it felf three Fathon^s above the Waters, or thereabouts. The Gulph into, which thefe Waters are difcharg'd, continues it felf thus two Leagues together, between a Chain of Rocks, flowing with a prodigious Tor- rent, which is bridled and kept in by tlic Rocks that lie on each fide of the River. Into this Gulph it is, that thefe feveral Caicades empty themfelves , with a violence equal to the heigiit from whence they fall , and the quantity of Waters which they difcharge. Hence arife thofe deafning Sounds , that dreadful roaring and bellow- ing of the Waters which drown the loudelt Thun- der, as alio the perpetual Mifts that hang over the Gulph, and rife above the tallcft Pines tliat arc in the little Ifle lb often mentioned.' After a Chdnnci is again made at the bottom of this dreadful Fall by the 4 Large Co^ntrj in AiBerica. 319 {he Chain of Ro^ks , and fiU'd by that prodigious quantity of Waters which are continually falling, the River of St. Laurence refumes its Courfe t But with that violence, and his Waters beat againfl the Rocks with fo prodigious a force, that 'tis impoflli>ie to pafs even in a Canou of Bark, though inhale of them a Man may venture fafe enough upon the moft i^pid Streams, by keeping clofe to the Shoar. Thefc Rocks, as alfo the prodigious Torrent, laft for two Leagues i that is, from jthe great Fall, to die three Moun^ins and great Rock : But then it begins infenfibly to abate , and the Land to be again almoft on a level with the Water 5,' and lb it continues asfiur isthc Lake Ontarioy or Frontenac, When one ftands near the Fall, and looks down into this moft dreadful Gulph, one is feized with Horror , and the Head turns round , lb that one cannot look long or ftedfaftly upon it. But this vail Deluge beginning iafenfibly to abate, an4 even to fall to nothing about the three Mountains, the Wa- ters of the River St, Laurence begin to glide more gently along, and to be almoft u^^on a ley ej with the Lands \ ^o that it becomes navigable again, as far as the Lake Frow;e»*ic, over which we pafs to come to the New Canal, which is made by the difcharge of its Watei*s. Then we enter again upon the .Rivet St Lai^rerrce , which not (ong after makes that which they call the Long Fally an hundred Leagues from Niagara* 1 have often heard talk of the Catarafts of the Nile , which make the People deaf that live near tliem. I know not whether the Irc^Hefe^ who for- merly inhabited near this Fall, and liv'd upon the Bcafts which from time to time are born down by the violoncc of its Torrent, witlidrcw thertifelvcs from its Neighbourhood, left they Ihould likewile become deaf i or out of the continual fear they were in of Rattle-Snakes, which arc very commoa ifi 22jo a Nm Difewery of in this Place during the great Heats, and lodge in Holes all along the Rocks as far as the Mountains, iyhich lie two Leagues lower. ^ Be it as it will, thefe dangerous Creatures are to be met with' as far as the Lake Fromenac^ on die South, lide^ but becaufe they are qever to befeenbut in the midit of Summer, and then only when the Heats are cxccflivc, they are not fo afraid of them here as elfe- where. However, *tis realbnable to prefume, that the horrid noife of tfee Fall, and the, fear of thefe poi- ibnous Serpents, might oblige the Savages to feek out a more commodious Habitation, Having carry'd our Canow from the Great Fall of Niagara^ as far as the three Mountains, which arc two Leagues below, in all which Way we perceived never a Snake ^ we proceeded in our Voyage, and arriv'd at the Lake oi Ontario^ or Frontenac. CHAP. LXXI. TTjc Author fits out from the Fort which is at the Mouth efthe River Niagara, and obliges the Iroquefe ajfembl^d in Council^ to deliver Hp the Slaves they had maiic sf the Outtaouads. WE met none of the Savages in the little Village of the Jroquefiy which is ne^r the Mouth of the River Niagara ^ for tliey fow there but very little Indian Corn j and inhabit the Village but in Harvcft- time, or in the Scafon they go a filhing for Sturgeons, or Whiteings which arc there in great plenty. We thought alio we fhould find fbmc Canadians at the Fort of the River which we had begun to build, at the beginning of our Difcovery : But thefe Forts were only built for a Show, to cover the fecret Trade of Furrs, and countenance the great Hopes IVJ. de U Salle had given to the French Court. It *i 4 Large Country in America. 221 Itmuft be granted, thatfuch DUcoveries are beyond I any private Mens Power, and-they rauft be counte- Hanc'd by a Sovereign Authority, to be fiiccefsfuk Therefore M. de la Salle had got the French Gourt'§ PrJf teftion i but inftead of making a good ufe of it for the publick Good, he did chiefly aim at his own private In- tereft, and for that reafon negleded a great many things ncceflary to carry on his Enterprize. The Fort of the KiYQx 01 Niagara was become a deferted Place, and might have ferved to countenance his Defign. We came along the Southern Coafts of the Lake Ontario^- or Frontenac ; and after having failed thirty Leagues, we arrived about Whitfomide in the Year idSi. at the great Village of the Tfonnontouans Iroquefe, The savages came to meet us, repeating often this Word Oiihitagon^ meaning by it, that the Bare-foot was returned from the great Voyage he had under- took, to vifit the Nations that are beyond the River Hohio and Mefchajtpi ^ and though our Faces were burnt by the Sun, and my Clothes patch'd up with wild Bull-Skins, yet they knew me, and carried rac with my two Men into one of their Officer's Cottages. They did call their Council, which met to the num- ber of Thirty, or thereabouts, wearing their Gowns in a Itately manner, made up with all forts of Skins, twifted about their Arms, with the Calumet in their Hands. They gave order that we fhould be enter- tained according to their own Fafhon, while they did fmoak without eating. After we had done eating, I told them by a Cana- dian that was my Interpreter, that their Warriors had brought 12 OuttaouaUs as Slaves,' though they were their Confederates and Omntio\ Friends, ('tis the Name they give to the Viceroy of Catiada) breaking thereby the Peace, and proclaiming War againft Canada : And the better to oblige them to deliver up to us the OnttaoHaEts^ who by good For- tune were flill alive, we flung in the middle of the Alllmbly \< t±i A I^ew Difcoi/ery if AfTembly two Collars of Porcelain, that Captain I Tdoft had given us 5 This is th6 only way. among I tkemj to enter upon dny Afiair. The next day^ the Ciouncii met, and the Iroqutft anfwer'd me with fbme other Collars of Porcelain; and told me. That thofe who had made thefe Men Slaves , were young Warriors without Conliderati. on^ That we might aflure 0»o«r/<», (who was then Count Fromenac) that their Nation would always refpfed him in all things ; That they fhould live with him as true Children with their Father, and that they would deliver up the Men who had been taken. TegMTtot^ one of the chiefeft, who lix)ke for the "whole Nation in the Council , prefented me with Ibme SkinS of Otter, Martin, ancf Bcver, to the va- lue of thirty Crowns. I took his Prefent with one Hand , , and deliver'd it with the other to his Son, ■whom he lov'd tenderly. 1 tdld him, That I made him that Prefent , that he might Exchange it with Ibme Merchandizes of Enrobe j and that the Bart'^ feet will accept of no Prefent at all, not out of Con- tempt, but becaufe we are difinterelled in all things; alTuring him, I would acquaint the Governor with his Friendfhip. The froqneje was furprized that I did not accept (rf his Prefent ^ and feeing befides, that I gave a little Looking-Glafs to his Son, he laid to thofe of his Na- tion, that the other Cdnadians were not of that Tem- per : And they fent ui feveral Fowls, as an acknow- ledgment of their Gratitude for the care we took, to teach their Children fbme Prayers in their own Tongue. After the Promifes the Savages gave us to live in |;ood correfpondency with us , we took our leave ot them, and got our felves ready, in order to coutiaue our Voyage. », 'T 4k: C M A ft 4 Lsrgi Ommry in Aiheiicai CHAP. LXXII. iii jhe Mthr fits out from the Tfonnontouans Ir6qoeiS;|' andcomisto F»rf Frontenac. IMuftconfefs it is a great Pleafurc for one td cdmc out of Slavery, or thfe Hands of Sqyages, and to itfleftupon paft Mferies v efoecially when he reioms among Friends^ to reft lumfelf after fb many Huti« ibips and Troubles. We had ftill about Foudcore Leagues to go up6li the Lake Ontario^ before we could arrive at Fort C«- mokoui^ or Frontenac\ but we were all the Way Vfxf raeiry. I had help'd Pic^ir^^^ Ga^ and Michael Ah^ my Fellow-Travellers , with fome Skins, to make amends for the Hardfliip and Pains they fuffer'd in that Voya(ge. We had much ado to row off our Canow, it being much bigger than that we madeJ ufe of when we fet out from xhs JJfati and Nadouep fans 'y but neverthelefs we came in four Days to the Fort, and kill'd in our way fome Buftards and Teals. We wanted then neither Powder nor Shot, ^ndtherc-» fore we ihot at random all that we met, either Imall Birds, or Turtles, and Wood-Pigeons, which were then coming from Foreign Countries in fo great Num- bers, that they did appear in the Air like Clouds. I obferved upon this Occafibn , and many other times during our Voyage , a thing worthy of Ad- miration : The Birds that were flying at the Head of the others, keep often back, to eafe and .help thofe among them that are tir'd ^ which may be a 1-elIbn to Men to help one another in time of need. Father Luke Buijfet^ and Sergeant la Fleur^ who had the Command in the Fort in the Abfence of M. U Sallcy received us in the Houfe of our Order, that wc had built together. .'- V ,^ .■'■'■: ,,;>r' ■ They \ 04 A New Difeavery of " They were much liirprh'd to fee us, having been told that the Savages had hanged me with St. Fran* cis^s Rope two Years ago. All the Inhabitaats of Canada^ and the Savages that we had encoiUkged to live riear For^ Fronunac^ to Till the GrpuncL made me an extraordinary Rdteption, aud fliew'ovmudi Joy to fee me again. The Savages put their tend upon their Mouth, and repeated often this Word, Othn^ meanings That the Bare^foot mufb be a Spirit, having travell'd £0 far, through £0 many Nations that would have kill'd them, if- they had been there. Tho' we were fcindly^us'd in this Fort, yet my Men had a great Mind to return into Canada ^ and hav^ ing efcap'd (p many Dangers together, I was wil- ling to make an End of ^e Voyage with, them j therefore we took leave of Father Luke Bmjfet , and of all opr Friends that iiv'd in that Fort, and went for Qiifhec* CHAP. LXXIII. The Author fits out from Fort Froiitenac, andpajfes ovef the rapid Stream , which (s call% The Long Fall* ^ He is kindly received at Montreal by Count Frontenac. WE fet out from the Fort fboncr than I thought, not being able to keep any longer my Men, iand in our Way took a more exad View of the Mouth of die Lake Ontario^ ot Frontenac, This Place is calVd Thoufand Iflandsy becaufe there arc (b many of them, that 'tis impoffible to tell them. The Stream is here very rapid ^ but hs Swiftnefs is prodigioufly increas'd, by the great Quantity of Waters that come from the other Lakes above-mention'd, and a great many Rivers that run into this, in the Place calFd The Long Fally which makes it as dreadful as the great Fall of A74^y upon this Sub- jed, when the Lord Frojnennc came in, to invite the . . 0.2 Billiop 828 A New Difcovery of Bifliop to Dine with him, and thereby to give me aal opportunity to put an end to our Converfation. I was much puzzled in the Company of thefe two Great Men, ti. Bifhop was the Chief of the Com- pany^ but I was yet to pay a great Refped to the Lord Frontenac. I did avoid talking of Matters tkt ! might be troublefbme to me ^ and I told the Bifliop, that the Lord Fromenac had prefcribed me a Courfeof | Diet, left 1 fhould fall lick, after all the Hardlhipsl had endured, and the bad Food I fed upon among the Savages ^ therefore I defired him to give me leave to return to Quebec^ that I might live there in private; for I was not able then to Catechife the Children, nor to perform any Functions of a Miflionary in his Vifitation ^ and that I wanted fbme Reft, that I might work more vigoroufly afterwards. By thefe Means I avoided a Converfation with theBilhop, that would have p|"Oved very troublefbme to me ^ for he gave me leave to retire to our Monaftery , to reft tjere after all my Fatigues. « ..,a,. CHAP. LXXIV. ji great Defeat of the Illinois, that were attacked an^ /nrfrizxci by the Iroquefe. WHile I was relting after my great Labours, the Lord Frontenac did receive Letters from Fa- ther Zenobe Mambre, whom 1 left among the Illmis. He fent him Word, that the Iroquefe had drawn the Miamis into their Party \ and that being joined toge- ther, they had formed a great Army, and were fairn on a fuddcn upon the Illinois^ to deftroy that Illation; and that they were got together to the number of Nine hundred, all Fulilicrs^ thefe two Nations being well provided with Guns, and allfortof Aijjinunitions of War,by the Commerce they have with the £nro^eans. v , * . . ■ ■ .. • ■ • The *,v. -rfation. ofthefetv^ol of the Com,! F^ped to the Matters tliat J the Bi/hop, ' ea Courfeof - Hardihipsi upon among ^ive me leave e in private; le Children, jonaryinhis thatlmiglit thefe Means that would for he gave '-'" ' ibours, the s from Fa- the M'tm, drawn the ined toge- -vere fall'n itl^Tation; umber of ions being munitions Europeans. The a Large Country in America. 229 The Iraqnefe were projedling this Enterprise about Le izth of Seftember^ i(58o. while f was about the hifcovery of the River MefchafipL The l/ihois did not . Liftruft them ^ for they had conclu,ded a Treaty of [peace with thcfe two Nations j and M. la Salle had af^ fiir'd them, that he would do his utmofl Endeavours to oblige them to obferve the Treaty ^ therefore the uBnois were ealily furprized, having fent moil pare |of their Youth to make War in another Country. A ChaoiHtnony , Confederate to the JlUnpis^ return- ling from their Country home, came back again, to give them notice that he had difcovered an Army of llroijHefeand Miamis^ v/ho were already entered into I their Country on purpole to furprize them. This News frighted the Illinois ^ yet the next Day I they appeared in the Field, and marched diredly tO; the Enemy \ and as foon as they were in fight, they: I charged them. The Fight was very Iharp , and a great many Men were killed on roth fides. ;■ ^ M. Tonti^ whom A;l. la $alle had left in the Fort of* Crevecoenr^ to command t here in his Abfcence, hearing'" ' of this Irruption, was in fear for the ////'mi's fiike , for though their Arnf^ was more numerous than thac of their Enemy, yet they had no Guns^ therefore ^ he ofTcr'd himfelf to go Askenan , that is Mediator^ carrying the Calumet of Peace in his Hand, in order to bring them to an Agreement. r The Irocjuef* finding more refinance than tliey'. tliought at firft, and feeing that the Illinois were re- f folved to continue the \A^ar, confcntcd to a Treaty* ofPc.'ice, accepting M.Tenti's Mediution , and hcar-^; kened to the Propofals he niade them from the Jlli/msy who had chofcn him foi' Mediator. M. Tonti reprcfentcd to them, that tlie Jlllnois we^e^ Qrmnio\ ("'tis the Name they give to the Viceroy of CvhuLt) Children and Confedciates as well as them-.' fdvcs^ ana tliat it would be very uupleafaiit to him, v,ho lovccj rhem all, to hour thiiirhuy had bcgni^ the ■ ' *- • ^3 War; 9}<» A Netif Dtfeovefj of War \ therefore he eomcftly intreated them to re.| turn home, and trouble the Illinois no further, feeing they nad religioufly obferved the Treaty of Peace. Thefe Pi-opofals did not pleafe fome of the young Jroejuefe^ who had a great mind to Fight, and there. fore charged on a fudden M. Tonti and his Men with feveral Shots ^ and a defperate young Fellow of the Country of Omomaghe , gave him a Wound with a Knife, near the Heart •, but by chance a Rib warded off the Stroke : Several others dM fell upon him , and would take him away ^ but one taking notice of his Hat, and that his Ears were not bored, knew thereby that he was not an Illinois^ and for that reafbn an old Man cried out, That they fhould fpare him ^ and flung to him a Collar of Porcelain, mean- ing thereby to make him Satisfadion for the Blood he had loft, and the Wound he had received. A young Man of die Iroqnefe^ Crew, took M.TWs Hat, and hung it on his Gun, to fright the IlUmu therewith i who thinking by that Signal that Tw/, Father Zenohe^ and all the Et4ropeam that were in his Company, had been kill'd by ^e Jroaitefe^ were fo much furprized and dilquieted with that horrid At- tempt, that they fancied thcmfclves delivered up into the Hands of their Enemies, and were upon running away : Yet the Iroqttefe having made a Signal to Fa- ther Zenobe to draw Jiear, that they mightxronfer with him 'about the means to prevent both Armies to come to fight, they receivea thtCalkmet of Pence, and made a Motion as if they had a mind to withdraw : But the IlUmis were hardly come to their Village, be- fore that they faw the ho']Hefe\ Army appearing upon fonic Hills, which were over-againfl: them. This Motion obliged Father Zrwo^ at the fllmois\ Requefl-, to go to them to know the realbn of a Proceeding fo contrary to what they hnd jione in ac- cepting of the Calumet of Peace. But tflat EmhafTy did net plcafc thole Barbarians, who would not lofe ' . ■ il ' fQ fofairanl harardotl yet the lal felloW'Ml 'felfinthil thefe furil ture, but| the Iroq^ ' They i to, hadfq yiiloas foj ving drivl Father Z who prel things ne them a T a great I The/r cxchangi their Cai bring all Treaty 1 great N fufpeftei Village, ufcd to WIS a Childi burnt and fo own 1 olfth them to re. / of Peace, f [of the young Fj and there,! m his Afea loung Felloj^ ^ a Wound ■S"?aRibi ''a ftil upon ^ one tal[W e not bored, and for that | "^?"Jd fpare ■'ain, mcan- 'the Blood ^ed. the ////»,;; that Tow/, were in his •> werefo horrid At- red up into ^n running ;nal to Fa- onfer with Irmics to f'p«^ce, anil ''ithdraw : "age, bc- 'Ppcaring hem. J fllinois\ ion of a lie in ac- Emha/Ty iioc lofe fQ a Large CouMtrj in America. a j i fo fair an Opportunity. Father Ze»fibe did nm the. hazard of being murthered by thefe unmerciful Men' yet the fame God who lud preferved many of our Fellow-Miffionarics in the like Encounters, and my ieifin this Didovery, kept him from the Hand of thefe furious Men. He was a Man of a Ihort Sta- ture, but very couragigus, and went boldly among the IroqHefe^ who received him very civilly. They told him, that the Want they were reduce^ to, had forced them to this new Step, having no Pro- viiions for their Army, and their great Number ha- ving driven away the Wild-Bulls from that Country. Father Zenobe brought their Anfwer to the llUmis^ who prefently fent them fome Indian Corn, and all things necelTary for their SubliRence, and propos'd to them a Treaty of Commerce, having in that Country a great plenty of Beaver's Skins, and other Purrs. The IroqHefe accepted of thefe Propofals j they did exchange Hoftages, and Father Zembe went into their Camp, and did lie there, to lofe no time to bring all Matters to d\ Agreement, and conclude a Treaty between them. But the Iromefe repairing in great Numbers into the Qiiarters or the IlUnoisy who fiifpeded no ill Delign, they advanced as far as their Village, where they wafted the MaufoUnms that they ufcd to raife to their Dead, which are commonly fc • vea or eight Foot high; They fpoil'd the Indian Corn that was Jbwn ^ and hitviag deceived the Illinois^ un- der a falfe pretence of Peace, fortified themfelvcs ia their Village. in this Confufion die IroijHcfc joined with the Afid^ mi<^ carried away ein^ht hundred IlUonois Womeu and Children^ and their Tury vventfo far, that thefe ^n- trofiophages did cat fbtne Old Men of that Nation, and burnt fome others who were not able to follow them, and (b returned with the Slaves they had made, to their own Habifetioas, which were four hundred Leagues; oifthe Country they had fo cruelly pUndcicd. - ' 0,4 Upon 2 J2 -^ Nex9 Difcovery pf Upon the firll News of the Approach of the In. quefcy the Illinois had fent mofl part of their Families to the other fide of a little Hill, to fecure them from their Fufy, and that they might get over the River Mtifihafifi ^ and the others that were fit for War, did flock togeiher on the Tops of the Hills that were near their Habitations, and then went to the other fide of the River, to look after their Families, and pro- vide for their Subiiftence. After this perfidious Expedition, thele Barbarians would fain alledge feme Pretences to excufe their Treachery, and would perfuade our Fathers to retire from the JlUnois\ Country, fince they were all fled away \ and that there was no likelihood they fhould want them for the future to teach them their Pray- ers, as the Jtftetnatftj or the Black-Gowns do in their Countries, meaning the Jcfu its, whom they call by that N*ame. They told Fathers Gabriel and Zenobe^ that they fhould do better to return into Canada^ and that they would attempt nothing againft the Life of the Children of Onontlo , Governor of Canada^ deli- ring to have a Letter under their Hand, to (hew it as a Teftimony of their honell proceeding in this occafion, and afTuring them that they would no more Hand by their, Enemies. Our two Fathers being fo forlakcn by their Hofts, and finding themfelves expofed to the Fury of a Cruel and Vidorious Enemy , rcfolvcd to return home, according to the Jroquefe Advice ^ and being fuppli'd by them with a Canow, they embarked for Canada, I r* • . 1 > r '» ./» Cf H A P \ , s Large Country in America. tji '^cufe their •rs to retire ^re alJ fled ^"ey /hould their Pray. 5 dc in their ^ley call h fid i^Mt;^,, W^^, and t^ie Life of "«A dei/- to /hew it ^g in this »vouJd jio CHAP. LXXV. fk Savages Kikapoux nmrther Father GsAxxxqI dc la Ribourde, | Recoiled Miffionary. GOD*has given me the Grace to be iofenlible of the Wrong I have fuffcr'd from my Eojj- nues, and to be thankful for the Kindnefles I have receiv'd from my Friends. But if ever 1 had rea- Ibn to be thankful to thofe that have taken care of my Inftru^lion , certainly 1 mufl confefs it was to (his good Father Gabriel^ who was my Mailer du-^ ring my Novitiate in the Monallery of our Order at Sethme , in the Province of Artois \ therefordfc think, that I am bound in Duty tp mentipn i^ Ho- neft a Man in this Relation of my Difcovery, efpe-: daily having had ib fad a Share therein, as to be murder'd by the Savages Kikap^x^ as I will relate it. It muft be obfcrv'd. That M. Tonti could flay no longer at Fort Crevecoeur , after the IlUnois Defeat \ therefore he defir'd Fathers Gabriel and Zenobe to get, with two yaimg Boys that were left there , into a Canou, and return into Canada, All the relt of the Inhabitants had delerted that Country fiace that unfortunate Accident , by the Suggcftion of fbme Men of Canada , who were the Predominant Genius of the Country, who had flatterM them with great Hopes, to oblige them to forfake M. de la Salle's Deiign. Our faid Fathers being fo forc'd tp leave that Coun- try after fucha Defeat, embark 'd the i8th of Septem^ her following, wanting all forts of Provifions, except what they could kill with their Guns ^ but being arr riv'd about eight Leagues from the Illinois^ their Ca- nou toflching upon a Hock, let in Water , and fo were forc'd to land about Noou to mend it. Whne \ JJ4 ' A New Difc(yvery (f While they were about careening the fame, Father Gabriel y charm'd with the JSne Meadows, the little Hills, and the pleafant Groves in that Country, which are dilpers'd at fuch diftances, that they look as if they, had becii planted on purpofe to adorn the Country, wentfo far into thofe Woods, that he loft his Way. At Night Father Zembe went to look af- tcf him , as all the reft of the Cobpany j for he was generally lov'd by all that knew him. But M. Tontl was fuddenly feiz'd with panick Fears, thinking that every moment the Jroefaefe would fall upon him : So that he fent for Father Zenobe^ and forc'd all his Men to retire into the Canou , and fo got over the River on the IlUnois-Me , and left wk Old Father expos'd to the Barbarians Infults, without any refped to his Age, or to his Perfonal Merits. 'Tis true , that ia the Evening one of the Young Men that were in the Ganou with Father Zembe^ fir'd a Gun by M. Tom's Order, and lighted a great Fire \ but all was in vain. The next Day , M. Tonti feeing he had behav'd Bimfelf cowardly on this occafion, went back again by break of Day to the Place where we had left the Oay before Father Gabriel , and continued there till Noon looking after the poor Chriflian. But though ibme of his Men enter'd into the Groves, where they law the frcfh Steps of a Man, which were alfo print- ed in the Meadows along the Bank of the River, they coiild never hear of him. M. Tonti faid fince, to excufe himfelf for having fo bafely forfaken Bather Oabrielj That he thought the IroqHcfe had laid an^m- bufcadc to furprize him \ for they had fecn him flying •way, and tliey might foncy he had declar'd himfelf for the lilimis. r Fut M. Tonti might have rcmember'd he had gi- ^tik his Letters foi- Canada, to thefe Irofiefe ^ and that if they had form'd any Deligi^ upon his Life, tlicy they wj them was woi porcela] unlucky fo mucl is %M us in 1 Gabriel] Three tainly was g< and th ever, ther aions provili Potato had f( Fingei We kiU'd of the inhab fentt but 1 Cour furpi guar asH' Gra the] hinr wh his an( s ^n^e, Fatijer s> t^e Jittie ^^n, vvhkh y ^ook as i{ adorn the J^at lie Joft to look af- ' ? for iie iiinj. But »ck Fears, would fall 'enoh, and '»Uy and and left 5 Inftifts, » Feribnai 4 L^rg^^ Country in America. ajj they would have executed it when he was among them : But they were fb far from it, that when he was wounded , they prefented him with a Collar of Porcelain , which they never do but when Ibme unlucky Accidents happen. The Savages don't ufe fo much circumipedion \ and therefore this Excuffe is groundlefi and frivolous. Father Zembe has left us in Writing, That he would ftay for Father Gahriel : But M. Tonti forc'd him to embark at Three a Clock in the Afternoon ^ faying, That cer- tainly he had been kill'd by the Enemies, or elfe he was gone a-foot along the t5anks of the River; and that they would fee him in their way. How- ever, they could hear nothing of him ; and the far- ther they went , the greater Father Zenobis Affli- ftions grew. They were then in luch a want of Provifions , that they had nothing to feed upon but Potatoes, Wild Garlick, and fome fmall Roots they had fcratch'd out of the Ground with their owa Fingers. We have heard fince, that Father Gabriel had been kill'd a little while after his landing. The Nation of the Kikapotix^ who, as one may fee in our Map, inhabit to the Weftward of the Bay of ynans^ had fent their Youth to make War againft the Iroqitefe ; but hearing that thefe Barbarians were got into the Country of the IlUmis^ they went feeking about to furprize them. Three Kikafoux^ making the Van- guard, met with Father Gabriel^ and came up to him as near as they could, hiding themfelves among the Graft, which is very high in that Country ^ and tho* they knew he was not an Iroquefe-, yet they knock'd him down with their Clubs, call'd Head-breakers^ which arc made of a very hard Wood. They left his Body on the fpot, and carried away his Breviary and Journal, which liiicc came to the Hands of a Jefuite , whom I will mention in my other Volume, whereia I defiga to ibcak of the BuH Introdudtion 2? J 6 jI Nm Difcoevery of ' of the Faith into Canada. Thefe Barbarians took off the Skin of his Head , and carried it in triumph to their Village, giving out that it w$is the Hair of an JroqHefcy whom they had kill'd. ' Thus di'd the Good Old Man ^ to whom we may apply what the Scripture iays of thofe whom HeroA ia his Fury caus'd to be Slain •, Non erat qui fepeliret ^ There was no Body to Bury him. This Worthy Man was wont in the Leflbns he made us in our Novitiate, to prepare us againfl: the like Accidents by Mortifications : And it feems that he had fbme forefight of what hefel him. So Cood a Man deferv'd a Better Fate, if a Better might be wifh'd for , than. to die in the Fundions of an Apoltolical Miflion, by the Hands of thofe fame Nations, to whom the Divine Providence had lent him to convert them. Father Gabriel was about 65 Years old. He had not only liv'd an examplary Life, fuch as our Good Fathers do, but had alfo perform'd all the Dutie? of the Employments he had in that Order, either when he was at home Guardian, Superior, Inferior, and Mafter of the Novices •, or abroad when he wa^ in Canada , where he continued from the Year 1570, until his Death. I underltood feveral times by his Dilcourfes, that he was much oblig'd to the Fie-, mings^ who had maintain'd him a long time : He often talk'd to us about it, to inlbire us , by his Example, v/ith fome Sentiments of Gratitude towards our Benefactors. I have feen him mov'd with Grief, conlldering that (b many Nations liv'd in the Igno- rance of the Way to Salvation \ and he was willing tp lofe his Life, to deliver them out of their Stu- pidity. The Iroquefe faid of him , That he had been brought to Bed, becaufe his Great Belly was become fiat by his frequent Faftings , and the Aullerity of l|is Life. ^ •• ' ' '\ M. Tomi 4 Large Country in America. 2 jy M. Tonti can never clear himfelf of his Bafenefi, for fbrfaking Father Gabriel^ under pretence of being afraid of the Jroquefe : For though they ar^ a Wild Nation , yet they lov'd that Good Old Man ^ who had been often among them : But M. Tonti might bear him fome fecret Grudge *, becaufe Father Ga* hriel-, after the Jllinoi^ Defeat , feeing that M. Tonti had over-laden the Canou vvith Beavers-Skins 5 £> that there was no room for him, he did throw many of thefe Skins to the Jroqnefe , to fliew them that he was not come into that Country to get Skins or other Commodities.^ Father Zenohe had neither Credit nor Courage enough to perfuade M. Tonti to Hay a while for that Good Father, who was thus faCrific'd to fecure ibmc Beavers-Skins. I do not doubt but the Death of that venerable Old Man was very precious in the light of God, and I hope it will produce one time or other its Effeds, when it Ihallpleafe God to fet forth his Mercy , towards thefe Wild Nations ^ and I do wilh it might pieafe him to make ufe of a feeble Means, as I am, to finifli what I have, through His Grace, and with La- bour, fo happily begun. CHAP. LXXVr. The Author's Return from his Difcovery^ to Quebec \ and what hapned at his jirnval at the Convent of Our Lady of Angels near that Town, COunt Frontenac , Viceroy of Canada , gave me two of his Guards , who underllood very well to manage a Canou, to carry me to Quebec. We fet ' out from Chamfleln's Fort, mention'd above ^ and being near the Town , 1 landed , and went a-foot through the Lands newly grubb'd up, to our Monaftery, bidding the Guards to carry the Canou along with them. _ . .. 1 would ' > k 2j8 J New DifcffVery ef I would not land at Quebec^ becaufe the Billiop had given order to his Vicar-General to receive me in his Epilcoj- a Palace, that he might have more time to enquire abont our great Difcovery : But Count Frontenac had exprefly order'd his Major that was in the Town, to prevent that Meeting, and to take care that I mi^ht firft be brought to our Mo- naftery, to confer with Father l^aUntln de Roux^ a Man of great underftandrng, and Provincial-Commit lary of the Recolleds in Canada. There was then in our Monaftery of our Ladj cf Angels^ but Three Miffionaries with the faid Com- miflary \ all the reft were difpers'd up and down in feveral MifHons above a hundred Leagues front Qftebec. One may eafily imagine that I was wel- come to our Monaftery; Father Hilarion Jennet leem'd furpriz'd, and told him with a fmiling Coun- tenance,' Lazjtre vent foras. Whereupon I ask'd him why he did apply to me what had been laid of La^Larm f To which he anfwer'd, that two Years ago a ^afs of Kec^mm had been fung for me in the Monaftery, becaufe fome Savages had given out for certain, to a Black Gown, ». e. a Jefuite, That the Nation whom, the h'o(\m[e call Homomgaha^ had hung me to a Tree with St. Francpsh Rope \ and that two Men who accompani'd me, had been alfo in a very cruel manner put to Death by the fame Savages. Here I muft confcfs. That all Men have their Friends and their Enemies. There are fome Men who, like the Fire that blackens the Wood it cannot burn, muft needs raile Stories againft their Neigh* bours \ and therefore fome having not been able to get me into their Party, fpread abroad this Ru- mour of my Death, to ftain my Reputation ; and that Noife had given occalion to feveral Difcourfcs in Canada to my pre] ud ice. However, (for I will, if it pleafe God, declare my Mind forthcr upon this matter 4 Largt Ccufitrji in America. a}9 Latter in another Volume) I ought to acknowledge that God has preferv'd me by a fort of Miracle, I in this great and dangerous Voyage, of which you liave an Account in this Volume. And when I think on it with attention, I am perfiiaded that Providence has kept me for publifhing to the World the Great Difcoveries I have made in Eleven Years time, or thereabouts, that I have liv'd in the Wefi^^ Indies* It muft be obferv'd, That a great many Mea meddle with Bufinefs that don't belong to them, and will, conceive a Jealoufy againftthofe that won't conform to their Humour. The Pr^incial-Com- milTary, of whom I have fpoken befwe, was very urgent to have a Copy of the Journal of the Difco- my I had made in a Voyage of almoft four Years,. telling me he would keep it fecret. I took his Word j for I thought, and I think ftill, he was a Man of Honour and Probity. Befides, I did confider that he coul4 inftrud the Biihop of Quebic^ and Count Fmtenac^ with what they had a mind to know of this Difcovery, and fatisfy them both without ex- pofing my ftlf. For this purpofe were intended all the Care he took of me, and all the extraordinary Civilities he did (hew me, in entertaining me with all he could get then, and calling me often the ItMs^d ^g*^n. He delir*d me to return into Enrofe^ to acquaint the Publick with the great Difcoveries I had made, and that by this way I fliould avoid the Jealoufy of thefe two Men '•, that it was very difficult to pleafe two Maftcrs, whofe Employment and Interefts were fo different. He had then, before my Return into Europe, all the time that was neccflary to Copy out my whole Voyage on the River Mefcbaftpi , which I had un- dertook againft M. de la Salle's Opinion, who has made fince a Voyage from thp IlUoms to the Gulph of r. 94^ A N^w Difi(yvery of ^ Mexico^ in the Year 1682. and two Years after »ie. He had had fome iiifpicion I had made that Voyage ^ yet he could not know the Truth of it at my Return to Fort Fronten^i becaufe he had thea undertook a Voyage to the Omtagamisy not know- ing whether the Savages had murther'd me, as it had been given out. I follow'd our Commiflary's Advice^ and the Re; Iblutiort to return into Enrofe ^ but before I let out, I fliew'd him that it was abfolutely ncceflary for the Settlement of Colonies in our Difcoveries, and make fbme progrefs towards the eftablifhing of the Gofpel, to keep all thefe feveral Nations in peace^ ctitn the mo# remote, and afTiIt them agaiaft the Iroqiiefe^ who are their Common Enemies: Tliat .thefe Barbarians never make a True Peace with thofe that they have once beaten, or they hope to over- tome, m fpreading Divillons among them ; that the common Maxim of the Iroqnefe had always been fuch, and by this means they had deftroy^d aboye Two Millions of Souls. The Provincial-Commidary agreed with me up- on all this, and told me that for the future he Ihbuld give me all the neceflkry Inftruftions for that pur- poie. I will give an Account, if it pleafe God, in my Second f^olnme^ of the Ways aad Meafures that are to be taken for the eftablifhing of the Faith among the many Nations of Co different Languages^ and how good Colonies might bfe fetled in thofe great Countries, w^hich might be eall'd the pelights oi Amerkay and become one of the greateil Empires in the World. f J N I S. V r , ,,...^., ^'r*' y.' It, ' •■»««( {; Ikt CONTINUA.TIOIf OF THE New Difcovery V O F A VaU Country in America, Extending kbovc Four Thoufand Miles > » i Between New Franop and New Mexic Giving an f ACCOUNT \ OF THE Attempts of the Sieur De la SALLE upon the Mines of St. Barbe^ Ike. The Takirig of Quehec by the Englijh ^ Wit;h the Advantages of a Shorter Gut to China SLiid Japan, By L. Henncpn^ now Refident in Holland. To which are added, Several Nl? w Difcoveries in North America, not publilh'd in the French Edi licioi|. LO H D O N: Printed for H. Bonvnicl^ , at the l{ed L,yon in Sc, Paul's Church-yard. 1 699. attuimaia I > , [Jif), - h t J ff« iy »»# V «T > . .r-.' V^'3 ;,y^tAJ: iv^L. ■■ i** / XKJ T-^IU OU u tB V;>. Ji^, Ci^ httiii t fii-i- ^.» i 1, ! ..'ly jrjr^' »«.* i«« .f. .-,»»^*»„.^ V Kins of my O intothefc Majefty's I have n I having I iFirftVo] this Secoi I of a Gei Iveral Ye; * *-l To His Majcfty William III. A-iP^ By 'the Grace of God IKing of Great Britain: / 5 //?, P oFmv ; Catholick Majefty, His Ekaoral ighnefs of BnvArUy and the Superiors my Urder having given me leave to come lintothefe happy Provmces, according to Your Majefty's direction, to publifli the Difcoverics I have made in America \ and Your Majefty Iiaving been gracioufly pleafed to accept my Firft Volume, I make bold to o}?er You alio this Second Part; wherein I infert the Tra;vels of a Gentleman w^hom I have accompanied fe- I vera! Years, and whofe violent Deatli, by^the R 2 Ifands The Dedication. Hands of his own Men, difappointed the great Defigns he had formed upon the Mines of | St. Barbe in New Mexico, The ObfervationsI make upon his Voyage will fliew untoPofte- rity, That a Man muft never be ungrateful to his Friends, nor revenge himfelf of his Enemies, | but as much as it concerns the Publick Good, which ought always to prevail upon the pri- vate Intereft. ^ ^ ^^ ,„ , %,* « >.«,^ This is a Chara£ler peculiar to the Illuftrious Houfe of N^J. S S AV ^ who has formerly fiU'dthe Roman Imperial Throne, and who is now cloathed in Your Majefty's Perfon with a Royal Power over Three Great Kingdoms, and other large Dominions which form the Britijh Empire, v. s\i fj •?(.!in'i'!i All the World agrees, That Nature and Grace have happily confpir'd to unite in Your Sacred Perfon all the Chriltian, Political and Mi- litary Virtue of Your Renowned Anccftors. The great Elevation of Your Gsnim , which has manifefted it felf by Your noble and generous Defigns ; Your GeneroJ^ity and Liberality fo worthy of Your Illuftrious Birth ; Your, noble Inclinadon to do Good to all Men , even to Your Enemies themfelves, and the unparallellM Conftancy andGrcatnefs of Soyl which You have exprefs'd in the greateft Adverfities, the true 1 buchftonc of true Merit, are fo confpicuous, that every one is convinc'd of Your Majcfty's ^ , ' Mag- ' - The 'Dedication:^ . ^ Magnanimity, Valour, Juflicc, Equity, Sin- Icerity and Piety. Your Majefty fignaliz'd the Love You had I for Your own Country, when You took the Command of the Armies of the States General againtt a powerful and viftorious Conqueror, whom Your Majefty forced to abandon almoft in one Day the Conqueft he had made in the United Provinces. All the World admir'd Your Valour, and more ftill Your unparallell'd Prudence, which no Body expefted in fuch a degree from a Prince ot Three and twenty Years of Age. ^ Never Prince was more Mafter of that nice Art of foftening the different Tempers of Na- tions, managing thei - different Intereft, giving Life to their Refolutions , and therefore no Prince had been able hitherto to form and ce- ment fiich an Alliance as wc fee at this Day for the Safety of Europe, Thofc great Qualities and incomparable Virtues make Your Majefty the Darling of Your People, and the Terror of Your Enemies, and keep Rebels and Fa£lious Men in Awe, when Your Maiefty's ablence out of Your own Kingdoms feem to give tlicm a fiiir Opportunity to difturb the Tranquility o^Great BritAin \ As You afccnded the Throne without any ctfulion of Hlood , God , whofe Glory has been al'AMys Your chiefeft Care , having been plcafed to crown with a glorious R J ani « The Dedication, and uncxp«&ed Succe6, the Equity of Yotir Intentions, fo Mercy and Clemency have beenj ever fincc the Bafis of it, notwithuanding the iTiilny repeated Provocations of ill-diipofed| Perfons, whofe Obftinacy deferv'd to be pu- nifh'd. , The Confederate Princes having chofen Your Majefty for their Gemraliffimo, and given proof | in their Choice both of the Refped and Truft they have in Your Majefty, nothing feems wanting to compleat Your Glory but to procure to Europe a folid and lafting Peace , which we hope^ is near at hand , and which will fhew Your* Majefty's incomparable Prudence and Wifdom, as the management of the War has fhown Your Valour and Magnanimity. The fo much admir'd Prudence of C^r, and the Valour of Alexander , come very (hort of what Your Majefty has already exprefs'd, and all im- partial Men wilJ agree, that Your Majefty has exceeded the moft famous Heroes mentioned in Hiftory ; but I muft leave oiT this Subied for fear of offending Your Mode fly ^ which is an infeparable Companion of all great Souls. T muft beg Your Majelly's Pardon for the Liberty I take to complain againft fome Inha- bitants of this City of Utrecht^ who, though of the fame Religion as I am, endeavour to render me odious, bccaufe, being a Framtfc.w^ I have dedicated to Your Miijefty two Vo- lumes ,; ' Thi 'Dedication. lumes of the Difcovery I have made in J^i^Um, They ought to know that i hava dotte iidthing but by Your Majefty's Permiflion and that of the States , and therefore they have not a due refpeft for Your Sacred Majefty and their High . and Mightineffes. I hope thofe very Perfons will acknowledge one time or other their Mi- llake, and the Sincerity of my Intentions, which are fuch, that I may confidently fay, I propofe nothing to my felf but the Glory of God, and to find out, under Your Majefty's Protection, a Paffage into Chma and Japan without eroding twice the Line, which the Englijh and Dutch have fo often vainly attempted , through the Frozen Sea: I hope, Sir, through the AfTift- anccof God, and the Favour of Your Majelty, to fucceed in my Defign, and difcover it before the end of this Age. By thefe means a great many Barbarous Na- tions will be brought to the knowledge of the true God and their Redeemer Jefus Chrift , vvhicli I am fure is a fufficient Motive for Your Majelly to give all Incouragement for this Undertaking ; for being convinced of Your Majclly's Piety, 1 need not ufe for an Argument the Temporal Advantages , that will accrue tiiereby to Your Kingdoms. That God be pleated to blefs Your Majefty with all forts of Profpcrities, Your Undertak- ings with It glorious Succefs , and Your Sib- R 4 lect^ The Dedication. jefts With an everlafting Felicity, is and wlj always be the Prayer of, ■■:-? 1=* " \ SIR, Tour Majefifs moH Humble and moH Obedient Servant ^ F. Lewis Hennepin, V Miffionarji RecolleSi md Notary Jfofiolici •^jH MS) . , - ' ' ' i ,r.^- n1 1 1=. . , I • *»'. .\ THE "TT" THE PREFACE I Need not make a long Preface to this Book^ the Sub!* je5i Matter thereof is able to recommend it felf to the ferufal of all Inquifitive Readers. The World, tho' unjnfi in mojt cafes^ do however Jufiice to TravellerSy ifnd the Accounts of their fToyages meet^ generally ff caking^ with a more favourable Reception than any other Perform mmces. This is a kind of Reward to Travellers for the mffeakabk Fatigues they have fuffer^d. Notwithftanding I have not travelled thropigh Polite Nations^ nor feen any xoonderfull Edifices in the Countries J have difcovered^ I have met with that Reward'^ the Defcriptions of the Cabins of Reeds and Rujhes^ which arc the Habitations of above 200 Nations unknown before Wf, have been as acceptable to Ingenious Readers oBthe Defer iption oj their noble Pa- laces and Temples of China tn fome other Authors. My Defcription of Louiliania was printed fever al times^ and the late Vhlume J publlfhed has met with juch a Recrptiony that I may pre fume this will have the fume fate. A/id re- '''V the Difcovery of 200 different Nations unknown hi' therto to the Europeans is^ one would think^ a fit Subjetl to excite any one'^s Curiofity. I would- therefore break off my Preface in this place^ were I not obliged to anfwer fome falfe Accufations my Enemies have raifcd againfl me^ and becanfc I am ir a Religious Order^ I think fit to begin with irijcrting two Alt e fiat ions or Certificates of Fathers of my own Order^ which will prevent Jome further Calumnies on thdt Point, . - ■ \ I The PREFACE. Underwriten' certifie to have read and examine ed a Book Entituled, A Defcription of LohI- ^iOj newly difcovered to the Smth-wift of iVw, France^ with an Account of the Manners ofvthe Sava- ges of that Country, written by Father Hennepim Recoiled Preacher, and Apoltolick Miflionary, and. to have found nothing therein contrary to Faith or good Manners, but that on the contrary, the faid Book contains many Refledions and Remarks, which may be of great ufc for the Gonverfionof the Savages, and the Advantages of the Kingdom. Given at our Covent of Recolie^s in Paris^ Jkc^mber 13. 1582. > v.,r. f:^- F. Cefarce Harveau LeStdr in Divi' ,. w/ry. Father Provincial and Cujios of the Recollects of the Province of St. Denys in France. Ihave read a Book entituled, ji Defcription of^ Lonftana , newly discovered to the Sonth'Wefi of Xs/eiv France^ with an Account of the Manners or the Savages of that Country, in which 1 have found nothing but what is conformable to the Faith of theCatholick, Apofbolick and Roman Church, the Laws of the King- dom, and good Manners j and 4t may be very ufcfiu towards eltablifhing the Faith of Jefi^s Chrift in that new World, aiid extending the Empire of our Mo- narch in that fertile and delicious Country. Given at St. Germain en Layc in ourCovcnt of RecoUcds, Vc' cember^ 14, 1682. . . ... . ^ .. > F' Innocent Micault Defnitor of i' the RecoHeth of the Province of St.Dcnys infrance^ and Gene- ral Commtfjioner tn the Province of Recollctts of St, Anthony in . . Aitois .. , . . .^ 3. When wicked and malicious Perfons confpire theRnin tf aMan they hate^ or elfe who gives them fame umbrage^ they m.tke ufe of all Artifices ^ therefore my Enemies being afraid-, that the piibfifhing of my Dtfcoveries may prejudice their Intere^^ they have done their mmoft to dijfw^de the Bookfellers of this City of Utrecht from printing my Booh ^ infinuating^ that this was but a Repetition of my Defcripi^ en o/Louifiana puhUfhed many Tears ago., and tranjlated., as they fay., into Dutch ^ but really this is very impertinent '., for my Louifiana contains not 20 Sheets., and how is it pojfible that the Abfira5l ofitjhould contain 50. '77; true., I repeat fome few things I publijljed then., becanfc otherwife J had been unintelligible^ but mofi commonly I refer the Reader to that Book, which certainly I would not have done^ if this laft were nothing but the Repetition f-?''- ■■. • ■ ' •■; • ■ -■ ; ■ >■■■. ■ ■ '''I v.! .c . ■■ ..' i^*' 1 ' \ ■ ""'' ' '•;■ I ' 1, ■ >'.■ . : .1 .-, : ,; 1 '/ ■ • ''■';• 'I : • •■ * fc ""l ' . . ■ 1 •I ■ 1 ^;# ■■ » .k 4 ■•« ^. '.■ i t mtditmjy J Mt h%m fAm amfitm fuck to ihofi Qtmh' mm, fftlMt whm I km^t fnity attd reaty I lie imdtrm ' umftmim tdfirre 4m fierfrixlttg IHfi$vtry t9 recm* mM my Book, tbi rial tidmj Ikdvi obfervedfhuH^mr- ^ of tit OffJttterstiiH of m inr onions Mon, 7. Sm^ who kavt mt trsvmojy nor read many As-i mmts ^f^oyagts^ aro mtry aft to blame what they Ao^§ im imp anJi \ aad therefore lati^ whin one tttts them of 4 AMI difcovtrtd Country larrer [than Europe, for they faaey there tan he no fnch tmt£\ and whtn they talk ef Omm, they talk of it at if it were no larger thuft a Prm^ ihaSty in Gonmany *, hm Men of Parts and JteaMtig are if anaeher Ofimon : I havo denionfirated that Guiada ii ahmt 700 Loaves knf^ and that theCoafi ef the Rivet 4r. LmuTMceu whith J have fmvefd from its Mntth ts . Ht jrc# tah frma0leieh it firings is near fho laagm 9mg. ffm the fame fhki of tm imcmforM Xivtr mC- dW^ fHn4h it UfJ^^atm^tnr than thefmikr\ mS tm/mf the frekdUtey of the mn£^ I have fet down in • thrtfieral Maf tfjny Difcovery^ the Cenrje of the River ^fm Amazons, in the ^ontliern America, which is e^omed mnch the fame^ tht^gh in my Opinion the MeT^ dkrfipi and the River St. Laurence have a longer ^onrft, Bvm the Courfe ofthefe Rivers^ and the Extent of the Jtahty I condade that 4^ Cominent I have difiovered ii 9»ger than Europe, which might in time form one of the greatefi Empires in the World. / imtend to defcrUe in this fyUtme thofe Cenatries^ tf mae of the Satnre of their Soily and of the Cufioms^ Manner Sy and Gemns of the Inhabitants \ and what fort of Traits wtojf he fettled in thofi^ Farts ^ therefore i thm^ fit to add ^ jlhJtrMtJlJfhi Voyagei Mt* de U SiHe madt thither after me, ^^HM whole is divided into Choftersy actorSng to the MethoT I folUwU in the Firjt Jfdrt. idefrn the latter end if wnf Mook to treat of the few Oaverfins ««r MJftonariit £av$ wrongki in Quiada,' t^tllBf ACit f^ iuj^ t^ nuke m^ tkanlifd tvmmfit S^mkaom tf ^ iNRfSwcrr XmJutfi l»dt knir fk^td $§ tUfi m wS$h hk fyowUdgfj wbiifl fi immy tkm^mds ofmr fdkm Cir^ 0rf/ mri wMfyUfr to tktmfihuti wklMBt mjf Xttmtti^ ^(M /iM») AiMMVtfr, fitUy cmruinctd^ mm tin Smt^ minhdmfig the BmJts if the Melcfaaiipi nitf hmfmr^ jMcmMe md c0fMe dfemkracw out Hefy Rel^itm^ k^ (0fe tktj^ Mrennfi fiove, than tin S^fv^tJ rf the Noith^ die tre tse m mttdy Cmd md Ohfiinate, Te mdkt this KeUtme mere Mfefid^ I h^ivt wude feme ItftStienfen M> de la Salle^/ Ufk ^*J^t hecsitfeiwae ypir Mifemited with thefe vsfi' Centimes ^fon Ritbei^ Ghtiftisa k Clcirqz, D^iter ef mr JUtdieits ef thi heemece •/ Artob, wb$ hm fMJh'd me Aetemet of it. Hutve a ffrem efieemfar tkm Fade&i mdwas dmftkit Biend^ mdimlfi emit* thm he h^pvfma^aod jicooutHf iOnad^mdO^fymi ktttitdaefmetimlfm^fi^ ttke Jppetmt he^s ^f #f iid^dhkimt if hmmm mddhmtheMeCdidlipU ^Mt to h n^d Mfm^ fit" hd Mfer was withim i2CO Leagues of that Country* Gat" pee f» Accadia, audiOQChcc^ the »ff^ fi^** vhore hei loos heeny hoingahove that Sfianee, ^Tu trae^ the Diary efntjf Difcovery^ of which I gave a Qffy to Father VsL* katin k Roux« 4^ / have Aforved iw my frfi Feiame^ -MM te mm m t icated aato him^ as dfo fame Me mo i rs of Fa* t%9e Zeiiobe Mambre, who remained among the IlkootSt while t was fern t# difemor the Comfe of the Mcichaf^V aad fofatr Faster k Clercqz, is ri^ )em his Addkieesi art net of the fame Ceyn, I it not wonder that he Jhodd ceenmendfo mnch Father Mamhre, who was his own Cen» fn^ and a very good Man kejides. We travelled tegethir m far as Fart Crciracorar montioned in my jirfi Volmm^ wkffe tleft him among the Illinois, and have been alwmfs good FriMds, After his retnm from Araciica he eamt tofm meimom Qtvom ofOutean Cambrdit, and told aw, h$ was goitig again imo America with Mr* de fai SaUh awdthmh9^t9^heft^\ianamOSf9mnity ^J ■■■■ ■'•,'*" ■• l#. « > m miike mart 4um0 Ohjervmims w the Meftha%i ^hm Mlf I Und iMTf in tht rear idSo, ^''^^f ^' ^'^ k Stifle de^fted u underti^ tkat P^ojmt witkYiich W umi' Atr •/ Men as t9 fear mthing ftem the Xnfitks ef tkeS*^ ■\ ^Mget» Bttt if I eh mt blame Bather k Clereqz^r t\n huem^Me rmntimt he makes ef his Relatieny X mnk every ka^ will eotedemn himfter hit cencealmg tin name ef tit Author fo has trairfcrih'dy and thereby attribmii^ h ' Ifimfelf the GUry ef my ferikus Voyage, This pect ef % Mttju/^ice is commen enough in this Age, ■ ' Mr, dt la Salk nn£neok to go down the Meichafijii femm the giver of Ae UluKMS in the Tear !(J82, that it^ i,. 009 Tears after me^ ifiM woe the Sonree and Canfte[ Ide Ammopy againft nee, and of the rigerom Orders tki^ obtained from the Court ff France, to command metode- ; ' pert the Dommians efthe Breneh Kin^y nfn fretence thot ■ \inm a Snbje^ of the King of Spin, ae I have mm- tim/inwyjhrefitotomyfrjtrekme, ThisOrder^m iim^pe/Smo n fifPh wm at tmetrary to the Bsdef , yi^hety as of pJittthy fir they might very wed forejtt that I jhonld acquaint feme Perjon or other with rny J)if im/erieSy and crofs thereby their Defigns, From thefe Obfervatipns it is flain, that as I was tin frfi European who difcovered the Conrfe efthe Mefcha- ^]^y and the deUciens Country tdmtt ity fo all others hdvt /ten tsothtng but what I had jien before^ and have reUtU teothing materialy but what they have abfiratled oat oftk . Cen efthe Jonmd of my Voyage which I gave to Father Vaientiii le Roux, and was by iwfte commanieated by Fa- ileor Hyacinth k Fevre. - Mr, de k Salk had begun a Settlement in the Ifland 4^ Montreal and Canada, which is 2t Leagues ahenty iedthisfmdU Colony is fo much imfrovU as to be now 4 great and fofulous Vdlage, Th^ call it China, becauje while Afr, de la Salk hved theroy and beran the Settle" HMMT, heffoke very often efthe A£nes efSt, Barbe, and Jmely^ that as foon as he had taken thefe MineSy he would go imo UUDi and Japoa withm frojfing the linoy uud w ^ ■ r# # V 7 ■( '; N TtorH^FACV. IP iW mi%f»d a faga^ urn. At$ Sooth Sbk. ?%^ Vifcwvmet I kavi madt tmnot ht far from the Pmn&ck $ca , / i^V ^fiiw hii Mr. de h Satk , whofe jr^t CMT^^tf IMS fruf ^mf$ii- MDifiodtifs atd A^flrtums/^ W^ddbavt Jmceeded mhis Difijpt. , Thtfe wi§.m-t ikii'd ut Geografky hmfeloftg a^ fif* uBcd tbdt Japan it cwtigMm to the Lmds of ,tm Northcra Americsi y and tho Ltarned Gr^vius, jo wtS hmn im. fho Commomndth of Learnings bavmg' carom faihf txsmiMtd our Difcovery , wm fUtiftd to tell me. imj pttdy m a meeting »/Vertuofi, m this Qty 4f UtrediC^ fh/tt he XOM of my Ojfimorf\ mtd did nm tUnh that Japan WAS m IJUmd^ -^titts commonfyfaid^ kmtkmitjoinsjmk tht large CoMMtrj I had difiovered* I have mtuUnfe of a proof i» mytAit P^oUtmt | Cb^ ier if^fiMo terave leave $o re feat uithis place^ ho* mji^ it 14, a Maim of FaS : WJoOe I wm mmog ^ iOaU anJ NftdoufTaos, there camo^oft Emlfoffay of Soh vages fiom a verv remote Nation to the W'^ltward: f v*t iri the Cabin whe*i my Fofter Father Aquipaguetiit (for he had adopt od me his Son) gave them jiadientt^ end having asked them feme Quefiiont by an Interpreter^ they told me that they came from a remote Coumry to th9, Weftwai'd, that thi^ had marched three Moons (that U Months) without mhtlng xoith any Laia> that' is. in their me^irtgy the Seas ^ fhtch certainly cedd not be trtu ^ was there anyfuch a tping oi the Str eights of AgttUnyi* down in moif of oar Maps, . T/j/En^lifll4w- . mmds to the f«fe^ whom he affkr4dy that the King )m M4^era>tdtn»P of his SakjeBshad renotmctd their Wo' ky 9 ami end/raced the Cimfiiafi Riligion* 7?j# Reader 'wii fiffgive mt if i relate n»o or three Things martfet tjm tpMMT of mf^ Order, The Ffaneifcans were rk j&J? mhe aecoimaniid Chriftophcf ColumbiTS into kit hevpbf difcoverea Country^ and had tht Honour to preeek prB of aS the Knemledge of God to the Indians. The ^m^fi •f tht Spaniardi arrived to the highefi fitfb it tfte Te4rs i>540 attd 1 54t> andytt no other ReUgiomOf Sei^ had been evtflpyed r«i bring thcfe loft Sheep into the ^ioekef the Lerd^ and they alone had converted a greet fan of the SubjeBs of the King of Japan ttmo the Cbn- Jtian faith: So that having tboje great Models before iw, ' JLtnayfay^ that I long to make art end of my Vifcovery, That fimt Pajfage ifito China) xooald^ I think, prove h 4fhantagiout to Europe , at any Difcevery that bet .been yet made ^ arfd this is another great Encouragement jw rm^ for what greater SatisfaBion can a rational Bf" iltg propofe to himjelfy than to do Good to Mankind^ and fnd out fomething nfeful to hi6 Country? Having therefore aU PoVftr and Patents necijfary for my Mijjiony I ant i^eady .for that great JT^age^ and I hope^ through tbt Grace of. Cod to be able to go thnmgh that Difcevery,^ thereby convince the World of the iqnity of my Intentions. Tht .:.\ li • ' ' I' ■.? w$ of Voxa ^ the i:w ' 800 /^ * ^ttinm «f ^prefemed Md aftcf f^ JCigfkit Th9 Reader w weretk ►lis into hit '^ t9 premk lians. The ^ffi fink m Uli^iom Or- teda^m 9 the Oiri- ifefore m^ ifc9very, 7snk, provt ry thMt hit iMragement riondl Bf' kind, and f thfrefire on, I gm trough tbt weryj/md htttnti*nt. '^'^^^w^ [ jUI he maJk im that Ctmmy 9iS ahfibut^ k$ mmmd iif lakh , and thm fnffffmg fht ^riodfam fmUhi mf(9fd 500 Tears dhm th§ Cmverfum •f the Nadms:^ mjhoidd net have there a» inch of JUmd te themfehes^ it (ting againp the lums of thar Order \ whereat im firm ttbtr CQitimi$Sy where mother jQrder hoe got a foetiitf^ Aey are Meftm now of tbt Tehferd at w*& at the Sft^ maly the kefi Lordjhifu and Mamtors heUnpng to thm» Hm they have Sfiharfedtheir Sfkittid BtnOion^ 14^ h0»t hurfare fj^ t^iy have taken dgftatcareof^b0 Temforal tnterefif M t intend to fltew in a thifa P^oiSme^ ^(b fjhaUfukfi m^cto £^#/ Utrecht^ ifitisthtmgh mvemem. I pmld havi 4 fdk ef^mmity n avenge nryfdfif Ait iVi^w ef Urtaitf Petfioi elf Hm ••0' 7<^v«# ieve afperfed me with the ntn^ MaSee, and kfit fit fublickly taioM ttetfce of'iheney Religimi teachiftg mi ta fer^ive mv Enemies^ I foSew that: Frotefe^ anddektanUy for^ve-tiem*'- ■ ^ v ^. - .■ '' • • ■'• I. ;ik;. H ix. ii,3 K 'v . J- ■ . > • V ..- w.'.. \ 4;^^ TtTTffl rr », >— >»>fw»»«— t— * I'l W «■ D \K\\S^'W^:t- ■i''.J';:;''rf- •* .\'«:l'^n *i* - •! i '. > »«v* *» » • # • » ■ :■ iro TtfE ' '" ■.. v'^ff,-'' n! r>l.,A^''n ••(1\'.>rv. ^Vv I ( • • , >"i '^ M D \ .■■1J»' al ^.^«T-fr^. '^^m^: f. '^■:':^-^^'^--'; ^-iV- , %J...^.j;:'i^]7-^ . .I r ''« , l >" »' *•' ) ! <■", '♦ m >»ii<» i»« ^ i«t t t m n * Ill ««iiiii— iiiraii «ii ^ I) l>f tf in ?r i rli - |i iTIi — I ~T'''~~T''T"^ ,v\~'- *,tt^ y- V V? ■ ■^ • i'x ' » ■' i-.- V,V.>,-JT .'.t'"'*^ •i.A .••*- HA P. t ' MAtMm\ 4f M eJmftuhtofBrtijtm\%^,of'm , ddvMTJtu^eous SituMioftf . and of the Fertility of the Ottif ^^tryMhomii, ^ . '; . ," C H A P. VI. A,$ Actom ofM> dc la Sailed /ff W ^'y^l'^ i^^^ ^^ ^'O */ ^^* Lewis to thf Illinois* " .^.• CHAP^ c ICHAi^* VII. ; ^. tie l4SaH« A^iirit wtrt asrt CHA'R IX. fl^:^!;kti^'f^ ;i^ Cavelicr ^&? 4W9 'WWi • ^-1 i» China j M r/?^ J^eKefofmofi if the S^tva^es of No^tn America concerning ^he Creatitn ff thi ^''orldf and the JihmortMUty of the SohI. .'%^..:^ ^. - . C H "A P. XI!. Of^t moft- frofer meahi to convert the S^^esy whpthofi areto whom t^ J^JJionarUi oi^htk U^eJufe^r^mtiiifij^BAfttfm* ' ' . . C F^A P. Xllf. The Bjtrh^rioHs^qiftheJ^QS^QTn A9|C*% ilcai don^t Mkfmole^e 4 G^, Of the frtt ended: $<^' tfT*rrefhid.Ammdlj» '"' C H A P. XIV. Of the gretu di^Mf^tes in convert'^t^ 'thiS4vam: '^ tht h Myers t^%y ^j Rote^ ^4sff Martyrdom*, • - v i^ . C H A P. 'XV. thi m^firtef^f Kttfitn^ amon^ n Sj CHAR 1 '..••; * < '". ■-r^ ..A''l •■■■■■* -v; r.- t I "J ^ < — ' .t ! I -.t C 6 A F. XVI. Of % iiM»ff^ of f^iofting ilr Euro; t Bf A p. xvn. QCfk *6wf4(e;;, * MtmtM^f w^ch the S^4^et adminifitr to tht Sick i Thy h^f Ahumtk^h 4n^ ibor Uv*d tbtre, . \ , SiTV^I 'S. f^9tf*«f^r ift'i fc^^ CH A K XX. lXif€riftm,ff4^'^i^isflMifioB^ md thofe tkM Jk tm» ^"' /..;.:•;'•. •- ••-•""'• CHAP. XXII. 77>f nummr $fm4il»^ Wdr' snun^ ^ #ibf SaVd^u^ th(y4revsrj f?u^givf» to HtveHN, ,^if A P. XXm. Of the Crndty^ofthe $0V4geJi in^^i rdf dmd fmicdarly of the IroqilOiS, q tt A P. XXry. (^th€ foUcji 'of the Sfv'^t Jro- :V H'A P. XX v. 0/ the numnpr of the Savages htmt^ i^ ietg of iM forts ofmU Se/ifis^ dffd ^the adrntrakUh' ^ Sspty of the CAfiws fr Be*vfru .^ . ^i^u > .. . iCBAP.XXV|. Ofehtirmmn^fff^f^%^ :., C H 4 P, XXyiL Of the Vttnfils of the Smvm^cs in ."^ A ; '•^■*» thfir CdhhinSf md pfthnr txtrmrdmgry numw tiny finke Br€, CHAP. XXVIII. Of th€ mmmr &f their »Vtfwr?% their diody 0f thi Feftiv^l •fthe deadf withfimeRt-^ fi&kns cw^ermgtht I^ttmndity af thf Sold, j C H A P.' XXIX. Of the Sttftrfiittom of the S>tv^, 4nd ef the ridiettUtu things tb^ beUeve, CHAP. XXX. Of the OhfiacUs that drefemd in th Cettverftw of the S*V4^et, C H AF: XXXL 0f the iar^m^ms md meivil Mm* tiers efSmf^eget, CH AF. XXXn Ofthtftim hSferenty efi^the h^ riMtrs 0f tke Smn^eu .■ ,» ■■ ' - •• ' "I C HA P.* 'XtXm. pfihelBeMty emi fert'Sef of iht , ' ' * ' " \ . ■ders will »c. ' . • I ..'V ." ■ I li\^'d k . '"■ ' vS,.j;-':'^*-'-:t'.. ■Mr. Koh ■ ,./ ■■■^. ■ ' . .*■''1■:.^ mBrmtenac : -'' W-VV.VV " ^^:i.--' - • «'^^- ^-^ - Itor-, and p..'. • " ■ '. ' - ■ . . ■ ■ ■ A • ■ ■' : , "» » ■ ages of t .. / ' ■■■■■''■' ' .-,. ^- ■ '• '■■<■ *■■'.. Idnjfoplbi I';";. :-\ ■ ' "■■' ' ', ' 1" . ** 1^ ..^'^!:'^'-^- ^^r r ■ ' - 1* «- •- • ' .,!.-,s ;;:;?. J ■Ol 4.. INTO A ■ff; lf"f)s<' P' 5,.rt- . -i ■ ';> \^jif 1 Xt J , .■ ' II ft-: 'm iJjsffgcr than U R Q P Situate l^etweentlie Se^ and Nem * ...» C H A ?. I. / Uh Jcfoum of M. 4e la SalleV VhAertaking to dtjiaver tk Hiiier MelcMfi by the GidphofMcxkOy arti Eafon ought td rule Men in all ca^s, and- •whenever they think diemfelves wrang'd by 9ther», diey ou^t, as Ghriftian^ to imput* it rather t«!>thcif Pre-occiipatioa orP^jUfliees, thah to th?ir Malice ^ and this Maxim I pt« i /J V^jigt «#* North ;Aflfl|cri^^ Tmycllcrs, the. bettor to fit aa^ prepare our ft* for tlie grttt JCHfcovery we intended to make. M. U Salle was a fit Man tor the greacefi: Undertakin and may be juftly rank'd amongft the moft famu 1 Tttavellers that ever were, a» it will a|Jpe«r to whim Ibev^er will cottfidcr chat k ^nt iws own Eftatu Ixrat the greatcit, moft important, and molt pcrillu, iDifcovery that has been yrt loade y which he under. took with a handful of Men, whom he prefervMfroni the luimeroas Nations lie i&cover'd, amon^ wfion all other Traveller^ except CoUnnbui^ pcrimed with- DBt reaping any advantage from their Enterprizcj, which bowcvercoft tbcni above looooo Men : k that npoa the whole, \ may boldly conclude, tliat no tody, lefbre M. deU Salle and I, undertook lb dahgerom an Expedition with ib few Men. Qur de%i Was to endeavour to fiiul out, ' if poflj. ble, a Pa(»ge from the Northen^ to the South Sea without crofling the Line, which a |;reat many have hitherto (bugjit in vain. The Kivcr Mefthajtpi does not indeed run thatwa^; hut however M*" U $(fit defi^M to ietd<; there a Colony ; and dinBV* fijre any Prince or State, who will pcrlue io .g^aa^w aDcfign, rnuit follow the liune Method , aad b^ukl forts from Place to Place, to have an unUit«ernipC«4 Communication, and keep in awe the Inhabitants cjf thefe vaft Countries. Tlie firft thing U.deh SdHtiH ia order thereto^ was to endeavour to find out by < the Month of the Mefchsfifiy which dilcharges it Aw into the Guiph of Me»ic9y as it has been £id m m$ ' (rft Volnme, to iktle there « Colony, and M14 • ^Dod Fort to be as his Magazine, and ferve as a r«# treat both by $ea and Land in cafe of any miflitpk He made hfs Propofils to the French King's Council ; which were perus'd and apprdv'd by Monfienr 4p Sei^nfU^ Secretary and Minifter of State, a^d |ate*T client General of the Commerce and Navigation of B^oBct, his Moft Chriftian Majcfty approved likewifir bisDeiigai gave him all necc^ry Authority, itti fiippIyUhira with Ships, Men and Mony. M* de U Sdlt having obtained what he defir'd ftom. the Kingj thought of chufing able MilTionariestoc^iir Tert thole barbarous and wild Nations, unto theOhri*. ftian Religion, and refolv'd to ufc two different Or- ders -^ but as this choice was a nice and difficult thiag^' Ije apply'd himfelf to Monfieur Trnnfon Superkwr of the Stminary of St. SdficioMs at Pmis^ who appointed; three Men of great Vcrtue, Zeal and Capacity to ft-. tend M. dt U SsUe as Miflionarics ^ tJiefc were M. Gwr- ^r Brother to M. de U SMUy M.ChefdeviUt a Rclatioa of his, and M. MMJnlUy Priefls in the laid Scmin/ny, I had attended H. de U S4ie near twelve Years in tf)e Diicovcry of Lonifiuid^^nd Fatlier Zetnhty and Cahriel di U Rikourdt and my fclf had likewifc uLxxna- : ppnied hjm into the Country of the nUmis^ whert> Cahrid was mnrthered by the Savages, therefbrt: ^t d9 U Sallt refolved to have ibme Xrr«//ffi^/ to endea- vour to eftablifh the Knowledge o^'God in thofc vaft Countries, a(id to tb^t cad applieS himfelf to Fathee ' ,' t ■ . . . Hj/Mcintb \ ■> f' 1 » ■-'vrm^ •- .) ■ *» ..^ V, mithAu Irt^r, who was then for a fecond't^ fiifmmui Cmtmiflisn of the ProTiocc of St. i)€nys is Wtmfti who grantecf him the MifGonaries he dcnuuh ^Ipi^ viiL, Fa&er Zembe M^tmhre of BafMmt as Supe* iionr. Father Md^f'me U CUrc of Xililir ia FUtndm^ ' iiiM^4/# 1>M^ of Qjufnoj k HMftMtdtf an() i)i]^ Mmtut of ^4/ ^ ftU RttolUt^s of the Province (rf itr^i!»M)r in >^w. . The firiPb, as I have laid, hai ^ ten M &r as the IBinH4 with M. i^ i^ SdU§ and I, to^ w#d the hitter end of the Year id7^ Andthebcgin- aiog of the following, and two Years after, vk. 1 68 a. te went with M. i/r ti SuBt to die Mouth of the iii^. cbtf/^^ u theGulph of Mexico, about two Yean afiir ■f feiicovery, Yhe fecoud Father had been fire Ytsrs Miftioiiary in CmjuiMy and iiad performed th^ IHA^^iofts of ius Mlniih-y with great Diligence and flnkh Edification, specially in the MilTion of the Sevens ifmdi and Antkofii. Father D^^^y,. who ii now Vi\ far of Che Ret^lU&s of C«m^4^, had n^ver been in A- mticdj QOmore than "Father DMi>/*, and a Ketch, called St. VrancU.; "Xht ^Iwi of Warwai" commanded bjr Monficut dt Beaujcm, aCantlemari c€ Nomoffd^^ With whom 1 have had feveraJ Conver* lations fmctf his return, at Duahrk,. This OiSctr isi known by his great Services and long Experience, ai well OS hrs Lieutenant, the Chevalier d< Here^ who is now Captain of a Alan of War. . ,Tbc Enlign wai cajicd di Hamily a Gentleman of MriiMiffty^ of a ftrong and vigorous ConllkutiOa. it, were to be wiihed that the CrcW of the Ships, as weljas the Soldiers, liad aa- fwcrcd the CHarafier of the Officer^ y but while M. de la Salle was'at Court, thofc whom he eraplo^'c^ to make Ws Levies, lilted about 1 50 poor Beggars, de- formed, lame, and imfit for the h^ad ^ervice^ the/ ; ■■> -I . > <^ w^ere (fclkn'd for: He had ilfb dcfirMthcm to engage lien 6f m he found they were dull and ig, dof^tlt Cmitnres , fb that he was forced to find m * msit $(ddi^ and Workmen, which took up much of I Ais time. About ten Families of the Neighbourhpod tiRechel ofltrM themlelves to go with him to fettle a t Colony, which he accepted, and advanc'd them Mony to buy what was thought moid; necellary % their EftabliffiWent. ^ * His Preparations being finiflicd, the Fleet Med %dj 24, 1(^84. from RocMy bat a violent Storm ob- BgM them to conie back / and they continued in the Hoad till >4^jfintiaued lickly all their IJk. As Ibou ; M. de la SaHe was able to walk abroad, he inddc his [preparations for leaving the Ifland, and by the aflift- liijce of Monlieur d£ St. Lanrefia Govcrnouf'rGencral lof the Frerteh Iflands, and Mondeur Be^My IntendenC lof the fame y he put his Fl^et in a condition to iait from thence, Novemhtr 25, 1^84. havhg taken on board all forts of Refrefhments, a great quantity of pte Corn, and. of all forts of tame Beafts to ftock the new Country they were going to inhabit. They lail'd along the Iflands of Caiman§^ and touch'^ at the Ifland of Peace for frcfh Water, and from tltencc laird to St .4wfWjf in-thc Ifland ofCkka^ where they UchorU The Swectnefs and Situation of thit Plac«. iBTitcd them to land , and they found a gpod Store of Rcfrtfliments , and even forae Wine which the \Sf4niards had left in that placc^. having ruA away with I too great a Precipitation. They continued there two days, and then iaird^ ibeeriog coWfl'tls th? Gulph of \Mexko, ,. M. dn U SaSe was a 'very undctitl^sxding Man, and" 'hardly to be impos'd upon, yet he was detciv'd by fome Men of St. Dtmifigo , and it was by their advica. that he fl:ccr'd a wrong Courfe. They bud told hint that the Noithern Winds were" very daa^ci mis at- ':■'., s the ■\ A. f - "*sisi(W'«*^T=^ «, . I.'- I: ►- 'f ft if Jf J^9^e iiir(> North Aoiar^at' th^ entrance of the Guiph) and this ^ obligM to retorn thence npon uie Goaft of (^^ij fcut at . he overcilie all DifEcultidk and g^ in^ the Gu{ Jfjwwry i,f!585. and dcSyM i Fortnight after u Cooft M SloriJf , where they were iurpriz'd 1» ftroiilg Wind, which parted the Fleet, the 7*&jf fc ing oflT frdm the Coalt, and the Frigat and the boat as near the Land as ppflible : They had told alio, that the Current of the Gulpji mis with a i tUpidity towards the Channel of Bahama , but found himlelf mifhken, aild loft thereby his Gcmi for thinking he was too £u- to the, North, heS' ^ by.^ie way of %>»>« 5rf»t#, and overfhot die M( ' rf the Mefcham. They were undeceived by _ Goalt of ti^ Gulph, which bends in that place to ^ Southward, and having taken the Elevation of the P^^: they found they were within 50 Leagues of thcilM ^ajifi, 'The three Ships joined again about the la^ die of Fehritar)! in the Bay M Spimo SantOy whei^i| was agreed to altq: their Courfe ; and about i o Lea^ oflfthey found a large Bay, which they called St ii^fc The Prbvifidns growing fcarce, the Soldiers wereftot tf-fhofe, and M.de U Salle fouiided the Bay, whichk; found deep, and the bottom a good Anchorage, fo that, the Frigat got in happily on the 1 8th. The Chai^ Bel is very deep, but Ibmewhat narrow, and thcr^ i$ a Sand at the Mouth of it : M. tUU^alle took that Bay , for the right Arm of the Mefihafifiy and indeed there il^ much likelihood of it. i C H A P* It >lf Acfmi of-^ , rai Misfortitnei that.hefel //. de U SaMatfhtSojfofSi.Lcwhi la SalUs had exprefsly forbid thcCaptain of tie • FiF'boat'to. attempt to wmc into the Bay, ^ '"'■■" * , with- M * . . f p the Gu][ ght after irpriz'd le 7*&jf ][ and the had told fwitJia w** » but i ^ his th, he la >t the Mdk, •ived by t^] place to (I" I of the M( of thcifi butthcn^j tioLeagoe^l led St. htrn^ :rs wereftoti y, which) chorage, „ TheCh^. jnd therp is K)kthatBa]f adeedthwc, Jl ■ ■? p/ // de \k > <■ i'^ fe* 3tainoft(ie jBa mi Q the Bay, th- » ^ .j«k-/ r-J^ttMf TJu 'w I \ \ :i':. f-l .1 Ttu •^if-t^f-a^*"- ^Wm ^^M^^: % ''.''^■tr^' X ■mS'^k .^^^ti ■f ^i L*;^jk.r..jirri. ff "jjfh* , A s t J i-i** ttS^R^' ■f .r., % ■««-■! -' .-Xuv^t^M^ '■»■••« AMS* »*^m £«r<>|>f, muft either be in their Ears or Hulls, tor othenyife theylofe their Virtue at Sea , and cannot grow in a Soil tbyftt was never cultivated before. They built a Fort in a very advantagious Poll:, with fb much diligence, that it was in a few days in a good Po^re of Defence, being defended by 12 Pieces of Cannon. They made a great Magazine under ground to preferve their Goods and Provifion from Fire: It is to be obferved that the Fort? in America^ I mean fuch as r (peak of now, require not fb much Art and Labour, as m-Euro^y lince the Savages have no Ar- tillery to attack them. They are fo afraid ^pf Fire- Arms, that none of thofe Nations ever durlB attack thefe mean Fortifications, except the /ro^/w^j, who attempted to force the French in their Intrenchpients in the Iflaud oi Orleans^ now called St. X - it A Vojigt into North AtticriprfJ koof of the Forts^ which is made of Planks, aiid thereby fet them on Fire. M. Jte U SaHe, who knew all theif Artifices , took alfo all imaginable Precautiont tb difaf point them, which he did by covering the koOf with green Tnrf. . In the mean time, his men grew lb fickly, that a great niany died in a few days, notwithftanding they were carefully look'd after, and fupplied with proper Remedies, and belides this misfortune, he was forc'd to make an open War againft the Savages. On the 9th of Aitguft three of his men were gone a Ihooting, there being abundance of Game in thofe Parts. The noife of their Guns gave notice of their Approach to the Savages, who immediately got together in great numbers and fuiTOunded the three Enropeans , who put themfelves in a readinefs to fight, and killed with the firft Ihot the General of the Savages. This fad Accident terrified them fo much, that they ran away, notwitliftanding the Dilproportion in number. They continued lurking about the Fort, and kill'd a Frmh man who had advanced too*far into the Woods. M. de la Salle feeing no way to bring them to an Al- liance, refolved to make War upon them to oblige them to come to Peace , and fupply him with their Pyrogucs or Wooden Canou's which he wanted. Therefore fet out from his Fort on the 1 3th of O^o- her^ with 60 ftout men to look for the Savages, ha- ving provided them with a kind of Brcaft-piecc of Wood, to cover them againft the Arrows ot the Sa- vages. He was not far advanced when he found die Savages incamped, with whom he had fevcral Skir- milhes, killing and wounding a great many, and re-- turned with many Priibncrs, cfpccially young Child- ren; among whom was a Girl of about four Years of Age, which was Chriflcned, and died fbnie Days after. ' While M. rlc U Srtllc wds building and pcrfcding his Fort, thole Families he had brought to begin a Colo- ny ;? -^ * J Voytigt mto North America. . i^ py, grubb'd up tlic I^aod, and £ NofA America. oerer had any quarrtl with the Dutch inhabiting New rtrhyhcoLuCc thcfc have always ii(cd them very kindly, diflcmbling fbmc infiguificant Injurits , or accepting thc;ir Satismdion. M. dt (a S4Ue knew better ttian anj Body the Temper of the Savages, and the Mcthodb how to gain them v therefore I wonder that he would tttake Wars upon the Neighbour? of his new Colony, for this was alraoft an infallible way to ruin it, and cat off the hope of the Converfion of thofc ignorant Nations. From thefe obfervationswc may conclude, ^t Meeknefs and Charity fo much recommended in iJic Golpcl, arc two Virtues abfolutely neccllary for the cflablifhment of Colonies in thole new Countrin-, for otherwife the new Inhabitants muft dcflroy the Ancient, or be dcllroycd by them, either of which is a cruel NecefRty unworthy of a Chriftian. M.delaS^ Ibd Ordered the Captain of the Frigat to found the Slay, and to fuffcr none of his men to lie a-ftioar*, owcvcr the Captain himfclf, and fix of his beft men bcmg charmed with the Swectnefs of the Country went a-fhoar , and leaving their Canou's upon the Ow2c with their Arms, went into a meadow where they fell aflecp, and were murthcred by the Savages, who broke their Arms and Ginou. This fad Acxi- c(eivt put the Colony in a dreadful Confternation. M.dcia Sallehaw'm^ buried his men, rclblv'd to travel ^jlong the Coaft to find out the mouth of the Mefchafmy and having left the Inhabitants and Soldiers wno were to remain in the Fort> fct out with 20 men, and M. C4^r/;>r his Brother. This Bay of St. Lewis is formed by fevera! Rivers, and lies in the latitude of "li 7. degrees 45 minutes. None of thefe Rivers was broad and deep enough to be an Arm of the Tl/efchappL but M. deU Salle thought they might be Brnuchcs of one of the Arms of tliat Riyer , therefore he rcfolvcd to follow one of them, which cbft him a world of Trouble, for he found fe^ rcral other Rivers" running into that, t6o deep to he v>v .. ^ „• V . ••■ • .; ^ fordcc( « !• »' crykindTjr, accepting jT tfiananj le Mcthoi t he would k Colony, bin it, and 'C ignorant ^ conclndr, [mended in ceflary for ^untrics; eftroy the f which is a found tiw t a-/hoar ; s beft- men ? Country ^ wpon the ■ow where e Savage?, ftd Acd- Vernation. i to travel licrs who 20 men, ^ » • • • ■ ' Afcjsgt iftt(^ NorA America. ; 1 5 forded, which they crofTed , laying together levcral Branches of Trees, of which they made ufe in- ftcad of Bws. They met with feveral Nations of Savages, and were forced to entrench therafelves every Night , for fear of being furprifcd. The continual Rains that fell during hii Voyage , made the wayi very bad , and fweU'd feveral fmall Kivulets , which increaicd his Trouble. At laft, on the 1 3th of Fehrtt^ 4?^, he thought to have found his (b much wifli'd for . River Vv and having fortified a Poft on its Bank, and left ptut of his men for its ftcurity^ he advanced farther into the Country, which appeared unto him the moll delicious and fertile that ever he faw. H« vifited (cveral Nations who received him with much H\iiT.anity , and rctufn'ed to his Fort on the 31ft erf" Marchy charmed with his Difbovery. The Satisfaftion he exprefled upon thjs Account can hardly be cxprcfTed, but the Grief which the loft of his Frigat cauhid him, ovcr-ballanc'd it ThiswM the only Ship left linto him, with which he intended to fail in few Days for St. Domingo, to bring a new Supply of Men and Goods to arry on his Dcfign ; but It ran unfortunately a-ground through the Neg- ligence of the Pilot , and was dafh'd in pieces. All the men were drowned except the Skuv ChefdeviUr one of the Miflionaries. tlwCaptiin and four Seamen ; the Goods, Linen, ana Cloth of the Colony, with the Provilions and Tools were abfolutely lolt. M. de U Sidle was a xn^t\ of an extraordinary Courage , and iinparalleird Conftancy^ yet 'tis likely he would have fimk under this Misfortune, had not God alfil^ed* him inan extraordinary inattncr. " \, I ■ *. •/ ' i' ' •* . . • .» ".\ ' 9H AP, «# ■ ■ ii<.#^ JWff IMi 4f«*»; • r ni <: HA P- W- ■ ,J -kt.* . .» ^^ Cmiftiuiim of tki ASuffrtmui tf M ^ U Satta, C? pitit an Aftount sf fw» f^'Oj^ts hif im^jUrt!^ t$ ^ ■'v • ■ ... TTHHoft who haye cbnv«Hcd widi Abligtd to do « looafand tbiogs, wluch proyc fiielcls and tmi)ec€i&.' yy^ £or looking for the tifLht way, and oo body be. |u^ there cqOicvv it uuco them, 'tis fiowooderifthej^ fm&ikc i& Aixl as to the Misfortunes that tefeU tk worthy GenUcmtn I fpcak of, it is nothing but what he, or any body ^Ue that ihaU go about the like Eb- iiCfjH'^Cb, nnift cxpcft with a very inconllctci-able Dif- • fcrinct. The pious Dcfign he was upon, in rclatioa ^ the Coovcr^onof thofc ignorant Nauona, defer- red it fcems a betttcr Fate ^ but as God's ways m not our 'ways, wemi^fl fubmit lo Divine Providence, *irithotit troubiiag our (elves about a vain inquiry into Jt|i$, Secrets c/ Cod Almighty. M. die U SalU who we > *jg0Qd Chriitian, knqw admirably well the Pradiet ^UMLhK Doorin, and wicbout being dcjeded by the lljil^tunes already mentioaed, he refolved to^o qq |afiji>tiis Qiilovcry. As I am more concerned than any body clfc to knosr whether.^ de U Sdle had really difcovcrcd the Mefchn- jfifUy Trh^a-he returned into CtfiMid over land, becaufe iijju the ^l £i4r9fMn that cv^cr travelled upon that River, I have carefully pcrufed all die printed Ac- ^unts ot hi'i Voyage, as alio private Memoirs, bat after ill, itfruud that the account publifhed by Fa- thcr Aptft^ifc is the molt exaift, and may be depended iipon.- ig ■ M. deLnStflle feeing all his Af&irs ruined by thelofi q( his Ship*^, and having no vvay to return intq £«><'/'< • MA Jot hyCm^ rcfolrcd iipott lb dmgcnmi^J^m* hcy^ 8o4 took ^o M/en aloog with him, with oiie Si* yagc qJlcd A^|i«r4, that is to fav. Companion of tlii fjatioaof fhtamfin. This Man had folk^ed him jpdfl |r^9Cf» and M gifCQ fuch proofs of his A^cdioc ^ iis Mafter on fcvc|-al nice occafions, that he rcli^ jQorc «pon him thao uppa any EuroftMn. U,Cav4im^ M.i^ <"i^ l^^shtrAjiafiii delir'd liJcewifc to^Q# compaay nim- T^cy took ionr Pound of Powder, Shot in PropcMtioa, two Axes, twp rDozen of Kmvc% fareral Pound di Rajfadt or GUIs Beads, and tvM^ kettles to boil Xheir Meat, contenting himl^if win iittt Proviiifiasi in hopes tq fiiul out eafily the JUimjf and retura in a iho t time. Having «/, bccaufe one of them, a Verman by Birth, of the Couutry of Wirtember^j ftuck ib fall in tlic Mud, that they liad much ado to get Jiim ofE' ... -i • , The Raft or floating-boat of Branches, which they commonly ufcd to crofs the Rivers, taking up much of thciF time, and this River being narrow, M. de U ^4//f caufcdonc of his men to fwim over with an Ax, .to fell down a Tree, while they fell another on their iide, and thefe two Trees mectijig together, made a kind of Bridge ^ this way was both fafer and ealicf, and therefore they always made ufe of it, whenever tjie narrownefi 01 the River would permit it. A VojM^e imo. North* AtTKT^ci: . t j M. de U Salle alter'd here his courfe, matiphingdjrc^ ly to the Eaft war^. ^% -he tpld no body ttie rca^J^i of it,' it is impofliblc to know what was his motirp ^ that man was fccret to a fault, and likely would haV« profper'd better, had he been Ibmewhat moi-d com* niimicatlvc. After fomc days march through a pica- fiat Country, they found another, which, accordmg to their account, may be called the Paradile of the World, inhabited by a numerous Nation,, who re-' ceiv'd them with all- imaginable marks of Fricndflii|^ aiid Kindnefs ; their Women embraced them chear- fiilly, and caufed them to lit upon fome fine Mat$ near their Captains, v^ho prefcntcd them their Cdu-' met of Peace, adorned with Feathers gf (cveral Go- lours, aiid wherein they defired them to fmoak. They prefented them afterwards with a Difli of Sa^amlttet^ which is a kind of Pap made with the Hoot of a Shrub call'd TiijHe or Toquoy which looks like a Briar with-. oQt Thorns : Its Root is very big, and having wafli'4 it and dryed it by the Sun, they pound it in a Mor- tar. This Sagamittee tailed pretty well. Thcfe ho^, neft Savages prefented them with fbrae Skins of wild Oxen finely dreft and good for Shooes, which arc ve- ry neceflary in lliat Country, becaufc of Ibmc Iharp cutting Herbs. M. de U Salle prefented them, in return of their kindnefs, fomeGlafs Beads of black Colour* which is much valued among them, they continued fome days among that Natioa, which time M.dela Salle improved to give them romc Idea of the Grandeur and Power of the King his Mafter, whom he reprc- fentcd higher afid greater than the Sun. Thefe Pco- -''^iinderftood fomethmg of it by his Signs, and were llruck with a wonderfull Admiration. M. CaveUer- and Father Anaftafe endeavoured alio to give them fome Moribns of God, but with what fuccefsuo body tail tell. That Nation iscatlM Bishatron^e^ but the tttrofeoft* cjU'd them the Wecfmg^ and their River the River of '<* A. !.^ TW^'iybecanfe when they trriv'd there, thofc Sav^i^ ^►cpt for abopt a qwrterof an Hour. They reccire it> all Strangers, whom they thiiik to cx)me from it. note Countries, becanfe this puts them in miad of .mar deceas'd Relations whom chey thii^k upon a long Jparney, ana whoffe return they expe• .... • I :.»■.. '.1 '• ', , ' ••/ «.'•<.;■.■ . *■ •• i| ' ■\' I < m A Vojagi imo North Aoxeiricai ^Ir^' '> *;--» V ■ CHAP. IV. * i^CV»i»»»w^'w«/M. / ilood V ■*# . ;(,.,. [j[ood they N^ere within Hx days journey firom the5p4- nar^y ivhom they laieTir, their Warriors going often aflift the Oi«j«w^;7j againft them. M. de la SaUcj who had a particular art to gain Ithe Friendfhip of the Savages, told them a great nany things of thcGrandeur of the King his Mailer, [whom he reprefentied as the greatell Captain of the Iworld, and as iitHch„abcvc the 5/>4w;/ir^i as the Sun labove the Earth : he gave them an account of his fig^ jiial Vidorics : At which, (ays Father -i^«|/?^y^,they put their Fingers upon tHeir Month to CiXprefs their Ad-^ miration v but feeing M. deU Salle did not fpeak their [Language, I would fajn know how the Cenia linder- d the account ^he "^ave them of the glorious Adi-* Ions of the King of F/f)?cf^ Surely this is aFidion, or atbeft, too long a Comment uporiaConverlation I which was aded oy ligiis*, and Father jinaflafi light have.fpar'd thi Refiedion upon the S^aniardsy for tho' the Kingof few^ is a great Monarch,yet the King of Sfa'm ixjfllHes fuch Countries in the old and new World, that no Prince can be compar'd to him in that relped, and the Motto of the Catholick Kings^ W mihi hunqHam occidity may be more eafily juftiiied, than the Nee flnnhtts imf^r of the King of Franeei Thofe who willconfider t^ie extent of Che Dominions of the Spaniards in the Wefi-Indies^ will find that they are above 2500 Leagues in length, which I think the. I great Mailer t)fM. de la Salle can never match. There were at that tiine fome Ambafladdb 6f the IChoumam, at the Village oftfic Cems^ who p^icl4 Vi^ fit to M. de la S^//^, and at their coming in madcther., Sign of the Crofs, and kneelM down killed Ifcei?*^:; UMftdJe's Gown^ lifting up. thlir H/ands to HS^iji, and giving them to uucjerAand^ rhnt Men eloitlied with like Habit3 taught; clicir^cigiibours. 'fJiey: Imade fuch fi^ns as convinced tne Frt/jch that they, had i)ten at Mais^ and one of them drew with a iCoal ata'l WomaiJ wegi)iiigat t,he root of the Crofs, •:'. ":■■■• ^- U for \ for the Deach of her Son who was nail'd to it. This! ihe muft needs have feen over an Altar in the S^anifil Churches, and 'tis no wonder if they knew Father >i. mfiafeh Gown, fpr the Bancifcans are very numerous in chat Counta-y. Our Author adds, that they toW fA. de la Salle, that the Spaniards made a great flaugh- 1 ter of the Indians^ and that if he would go along jBvith them with his fire Arms, it would be eafie to conquer them^ feeLig they are Cowards, and fo 1^. feminate ast<|^aYe two Men before them, when they v>idM^ in Summer-time each with a large Fann tore- frefh them. - This puts me in mind of fcveral Converiations whidh I had with M. de la Salle ^ at Fort FroNtemccon- pejrningourDifcoveries, and fpeaking of Miflionaries and. the Qualities they ought to have, I remember he told me often that the Jefuits of the College of Gm • ^n the Eaft'Indies, which was given them by a Bp.of the Order of St. Francis^ and whole Revenues amount iiow to a prodigious Sum, travel in a Litter, where they perform this Mifllon, having two Men on each fde to cool them with a Fann. This he knew from f>me of thofe Jefuits themfclves, but as he had left this Society, I did not altogether believe what he told me of it ; but I wonder that Father jinaftafe would charge upon the Spaniards of New Mexico, what M. de U Salle told me of the Jefuits of Goa. The reafon may be eafily dilcover'd the Spaniards wiW either (com this Refledion, or let it go without Vengeance, whereas tlie Jefuits arc never affronted with Impunity. M. dela Salle having tarried feveral Days among the Ceni^y continued his March through the Habitations of the Najfo7/is ; thcfe two Nations are in confederacy, and divided by a^large River, on the Banks of whicli the Villages arc Iituatcd : They have much the fame ciiftonis niid mnnncrs. WitMn five J .cngucs of that Place four of M . de U Sal- /' his Nephew, j^ell fick h^ a vibleat .t'evcTji .whidH flbligedour TraklTers tb l&Ty int^^^ Plage 'ror fev^^ mue ,, -,^-. . J^^T difappouiEed^ttffiejtr meafures, aW was the bccafipjv or feveral^mfc^m that befel t'lveni after v/ards. Tficy tarrlcjl tiiejp^tm) «?!i61c Months, toeing Vcdu^d to tlie greaf(^{t^i^hw^ tics ) theif Jp^'wae|r was mblc^fjpentji tlio'^^ t^ were ncg aMiK^ed al)bye 150 Leaguesjn li.aireQ LweV^toms & their Men had defertcd, otjjers hcga n f o^"^ ijrefe- lut^; and all t*hefe things '{jelc^g care'fuljy^^ bjr M. ^r la Salle ^ he ref^veU to return to W^xi.yewis', Every body apprpv'd his 0eli|ri, 'stii&iQ^^y xt^m^ m tiic''iaiTiQ way withdut iheeting witli any. rejfnark- iijlc Accident^ except thatoi;^ of th6iiVwa,srwan6w-r cd1)y a Crocoditg of a prodigious Size^ as they re- pafTed the fT^fitf^ River. ^ ,L.- ' They rcturhctl' to their tla'mp tfie n'?^^^^^ \i%'6. being received with aii; IncrcdiT^le Joy I)y their Compiinioiis^ who thought them as good ^i^, Ipit ^r nioiig thcfc ^^ar|)arous Nation^. ^. ^^ ^.^,^q, , •awi^ 1 .^':K(I rofiicrctd. ( '" ' U 2 He i . •'A f . 9$ -^^^4g'^^ North America, ' "HtT^ttiaittcd two Months and a li^f at Fort Lew-' #^,durlilg which time he took a View Of* all the Ri- Vm thit riin irito that ,fe,ay,' and found above 50 Tvhic^'arc Navigable, if we may believe Father jina- fiafey who Was with him: They come moll of them ftom tjie^ Weft and North-Weft. The Fort is fituated in a faiidy Giround, but the Soil about is very fertile, ^tefe'liye, large Meadows in which the Qrafs grows as hi|j(]i'' aV ott Wheat in Europe. Thefe Rivers are Veiff rfci^ueiit, being tommonly at i or 3 Leagues mftarice. Their Bariks are adorii'd witli Oak, MuJ- bcrry-Triees;; and other, Sets of Trees, Ibme whereof aire altogether imknoWn iw Europe. 'The Country is all alike^goihg to the Weft ward, till within two days 'lo\\trtef(>tuic SpoftiarM: "^Tliis Fdrt is lituated on a rifing Ground, on die Bank of a iiiver, having the Sea to the South-Eall, the Meadows to the We;ft, and two large Ponds, and a' Foreft to the South-Weft ^ the neareft Neighbours are the Gupufiisy yvlio have abunaance of Horfes, intl ihc Sghamos and 6W;im, wlio are wandering Nations, with whom "Ml! de la Salles v^as in War. He fbrgot nothing during that time to comfort his finall Colony, which began to multiply, feveral Children beio^ born fmcc their Arrival. He imployed his Men ^bout grubbing up the Lauds, which as 1 have faid, .proved very good and t'criile. In the mean time our Miflionaries applied thenifclvcs to the Inftrudlion of Jbme Savage Families, who left their own Nation to live v^ith the Europeans. M. de la ^Mc us'd them with all poflible kindnefs,, knowing how advantageous it Would be to win thofc barbarous Nations over to jhis Intcrcft. M. de la Salle having caft up an Intrenchmcnt a- bot^t^ a" large Iiiclofiuc, wherein wctc the Habitatioas ot^thc CoJoay, under rhe Caiinoji of rlic Fort, aad ti\ti\ all other precautions fof their Security, called thr In) uibltimts togccJicr, and made io natlictical a 9ir , -^ : Spctcli t ' - V A Fh^^^ Mo Ndrth Ameiica. ^ Si Spcedi to them about the Neccffity he was nodef 'tof make a Voyage to the TUionls Goiintry, th^t'he drew' Tears from. every one of the Allembly, ''cbnfitieriag the Danger and Fatigue. of fo great a Vfdyagc, for he was very mqch beloved. He took 20, men with Hm with his Brother, his two I^ephcws, Father yf- mftafe^ and one Jonfiel a Plofo\ and after publicly Prayers, he fet out a fecond time froni Fort JLewlsy refolv'd not to return till he had found tHe jiUmis. •' ' " c H A P. vr. jln AccQHnt of M. de la Sailed fecortd V^oyage^ fi<^^. '"*^' the Bay of ^t. Lewis, to the Illinois. ^ irtrti' MDe la Sdle with 26 men fet out from his Fort • on the -ithoiJaituAry 1687, and met the firft Day a great Band of Bahamas^ who were goin? upon a military Expedition againft the SaVagcs, c:^lled TrigoAnna. He made alliance with th^m, and dc- figncd to do the like with the Gtuncts^ wl, jm he met alio, but they ran away upon his approaclV: How-: ever, having overtaken them by means bf his Horfes, they agreed together, and promifed on both fides an inviolable Peace. \' •- .; •' ' They cx>nti(ined their Marcfi 't6 tiie'Mo^h-Eaft', and crofled the full: Rivel*, which tbcy had callca before the River oiCuues^ bccaufc the Banks of it arc covered with theni. 'The Country is divcrlifi^d with Meadows aud Woods, nud the Soil is lb fertile, that Grafs grows to or 1 2 Foot high. There arc fpveral' IK)pnlous V^ilKlgcs of Savages upon that River, but they vifitcd only the GuarArAnA An.tchoremtt. They crofrcd the (txoiid River of Cwf.f, dillant 3 Leagues from the former. Irs Hunks are inhabited by feve-:; lal dilFercnt Nations and the Country is fiifl of Hemp which grows naturally in tliofe Parts. They met 5 Leagues fartlKt another River calTd SMoMniere, U 3 ' bccauf^^ - |ft '^Aii^^^ i^,a¥lqnh A«S^. ^)-qca^fi^ it. flpws through a fandy groy^-^ tW the ri/c];e was about, feeing it wan imponiI)le for liim to fuccoed without deilrgyiiig the Sp.imards thcmfclv^^s • and as to their Tyranny, I remember ro hi/c x:onvinccd him more than once, tliat the Spa/j.'lh Domiuauon is cilier and niildcv.thau aijY oth<.^;,bcto.akUujiic. _ * 6my^ • • ^ '-■ I i' '' ''■' '• ^^'^^ Savages, of wild ' Leagues already Morth-E brooks, that fall their W. kaown b through Hills anc Villages they foui further t Villages. ' I can aing to and tot Nations (krtogi dioiis u] intimate long wii ijUnai \ kindncf t\\ -k ^ f^oj^e mt(h N6nh A^orica. f r M>de U S^k having got fome Hc^fb from thofc Savages, crofled the River in Canon's made of Skins of wild Oxen, the Horfcs fwimming over \ and four Leagues from, thence crofled the River Hieus or Hans^ already mentioned, continuing their march to the North-Eaft. They crofied feveral other Riversr and Brooks, which were mightily fwoln by thq Rains that fall in that Country about>hat time, which is their Winter, the difference of Sealbns being oal)f known by thofe Rains. ' The Country they travelled through is diverfified with Meadows, Woods, Groves^ Hills and Springs. * The came at laft to three greau Villages called Tarabaj Tyakappan andPalonna^ whei'e they found good Horles. They met fome Leagues further the PdaqHeffiom , a People compos'd of teti Villages. Thefe are in Alliance with the SpamarcU, I cannot but wonder at Father Anaftafis negle-* ding to make a more exaA Diary of their Voyage, arxl CO be more particular about fb many dirterenD Ndtions he fpeaks off, and therefore I dellre'the Rea-f der to give me leave to make now and then fome Rettcrt dioiis upon this Voyage of M. de U Sdlc, having fb intimately khqwn that Gentleman, and travellUfo k)ng with him in jimerica. My Defcription of f oi^ ijiamti which I Prii^tcd at Pam^ dkl him a very great kindncfs iii relation to his Enterpri/c. r— J—- G H A P/ VII. M. de U Salle and three mere are unfortunately PiHr-r thcr^d by fome oj their own Party, t, AFtcr tiiey had gone thi ongh fo many dlflercnt Nations as is alx)vc floated, there fell out a molt luih.ippy AuidciU, to wit, the AilanMuiLion of M. dc U SalU, his Nephew A'forungcr^ aJid fome o- ihcTs. M. de la Sdlc was then in a' line Country for I iiuutiiiii ; HisFewlc rciVii'd theniilivcs v-cry plcnti- M.d^ m j-f;. . . U 4 '^ . ■ tully, eththeFer. 'yers, they ,iver McsJi!^ I^esof Sir ^r Throat. dcfired M >H%f^ eifq as not able iards. He from thence fb called, 'f his men. bited by 40 Natioa K/ir ^^nin;cd\, where they^ ieve Father h^ive fomc- iiefs. This, ^ in all his ' Spaniards be World, t that the lom'mNcw ?rve thcjB- 'ould have 'ages have fair with 'Ut I won- much the /as about, I without s to their Hin moie 'liicr and 32 Aji F&jiJige fitte l^orth, America. | fully, and rcfrcftied themfclves after their tircfotne Travel with excellent good Chcar for feverai Days to- gether : He had fent M. Moranger his Nephew, his Laquey Saget^ and fcven or eight of his Men to a certain place, where Nika his Huntsman, who was i Savage Chaout^on had laid up a ftock of wild Balls Flcfli, that they might get it fmoaked and dried to carry along with them, and fo not be obliged to halt So frequently to hunt for Provifions. 1 With all his Prudence, M. deU Salle could not dif- cover the Corfpiracy of fbme of his People to kill his Nephew, tor they rclblved upon it, and put it in Ex- ecution all of a fudden on the 1 7th of March^ wound- ing him in the Head with a Hatchet. The Blow was ilruck by a Perfon whom Father /inafiajhu out of Charity would not name j they flew likewife the La- quey) and poor Nika , who had provided for them by his Hunting for three Years together with toil and danger: Mor anger languifhed under his Wound for two Hours, during which time, he gave all poflible tokens of his Piety, forgiving his Murtherers, and embracing them frequently, refignino; himfclf up to Gods good Pleafure, and relying upon his Saviour's Me- rits, as his very Murtherers acknowledg'd, when their *Rage vyas cooled : He was a very honelt Man and a good Chriftian. Thcfe Wretches not cotitetit with this bloody Fa(^, irefolvcd not to Hick tiierc, but contrived how to kill their Mailer too, for they fcarfcd he would havejuft- . ly puniflicd them feu* their Crime. Father yif/ttjUJini iays. They were two Leagues off the place where Morauirer was killed, and that M. de la Salic being con- ^ernect at his Nephews tarrying lb long (for they had been gone rwo or three days) wa"^ afraid they might have been furpri/.ed hy IbmeKirry ot the Savages ^ where- iiyion he delircd Father AnajUftHf to go with him to look after his Nephew, and rook two SaVages a- . loij^ wicb him ^ upon die way M. df U Salle enter- ■!•' "J i ■ '^ ■' .■• ■ ■ ■ *• " taiael t'f't.. J Vojuge Into North America. V, ^ tained 'em with a pious Difcourfe of Grace and Vt^ ieltination \ but cnicfly he enlarged upon the greit Obligations he v/as under to divine Providence' ifstf preferving him in the many dangers he had undergbnia' during a twenty Years abode in Amerkii y tivaH ^ which he fpent in travelling, and 1 with him*; htf fcemed to be peculiarly affefted with God's Goodneft to him, when all of a fudden, Father Anajtafius ob- ferved that he fell into a deep forrow of which he bimfelf could give no account ^ he grew mighty un- quiet and full of trouble, a temper he was never feea in before^ Father Anaflafim did all he could to reco- ver him out of it. > They were got about two Leagues, when he found his Lacque's bloody Cravat, and perceived two Ea- gles (a common Bird in thofe parts) hovering over his Head, ac the fame tim«he fpied his People by the Watcr-fide: he went up to them and enquired for hi* Nephew, they made hmi little anfvver, but pointed to the place where he lay. Father Ana,fiafins kept going on by the River fide, till at laft they came to the fatal place, where two of the Villains lay hid in the Grafs, one on one fide, and one on the other, with their Pieces cock'd, the firft prefented at M. de la SdU but mifs'd Fire, the ether fired at the fame time, and fhot him into the Head, of which he dy'dan Hour af- ter, March 19. 1687. Father A»afiafita expefted the lame fat«, but did not refleft upon the danger he was in ; he was feniibly touched at this cruel Spectacle, feeing M. de la SaUfi fall a little way off from 1iim with bis Face all bloody j he ran to him, took him up in his Arms, and wept over him, exhorting him as vyell as he could in this Conjuncture to die like a good Ghiiltim ; the unfortu- nate GentlemanTiad been at his Devotions juft before they fet out, and had jult time enough to confefe part of his I ife to Father Anaflafuu^ who gave him Abfolution) and foon after he dice) : In thefe his lalb . Moments % Mi^meiits he perfbrm'd as far as he was capable wJtat^ j^ver was proper for aac in his condition, he prefs'd $^ Father's hand at every thing Ikj laid tohim^ efpe- iPA^y when he admonifhed him to forgive his Enemies 5 iieaii while the Murtherors Itruck with. Horror ac what they had committed, began to beat their Breafts, afid deteil their Raihncis. Father jina^afms would not ftir from the place till he had .bury 'd the Body as ijcccntly as he could, and plac'd a Crofs over his Grave. -Thws fell the Sieur R9bm Cavelitr de la Sa/U^ a llan of confiderabk Merit, conllant in Adverfities, imlefs^ generous, courteous, ingenious, learned and capable of every thing : He labour'd for twenty years tpgether'to civilize the favage Humours andJ\danners of a great number of barbarous People among whoiii he traveli'd, and had the ill hap to be mai&cred by his «wn Servants, whom he had enrich'd: hedy'dinthe Vigour of his Age in the middle of his Gourfe, before he could execute the defigns be had form'd upon New. Jkfexlco» ■ I ■■ .-^ J . '..' » ! G H A P. Villi • ■•■'■■ J%i AHthn^s Rt flexions upon the Life md Death qf M. dc la Salle, whofc Mttrthcrers kilVd one another ^ MD4 la Salle told me fevcral times , whilil we • were together in Fort Frontcnac , before we. went upon our Difcoveries, and alfo, when we were ^ purfuit of them, that when he was a Jefliit, having, liy'd 10 or II years in that Order, the Fathers of that Society caus'd frequent Lefkures to be read during the firit two Years to all thofe that enter'd into the So- ciety ,of the tragical Deatlis and fatal Mifcaniages that overtook fuch as had quitted their Order :, and this was done to fix thofe tliat were newly cntred ^ 1 ought to. fay this out of Jufticc to M. ^ ki ^c^ who for- : .. '. s >^ V - merly inerly djepofited in my hands all hiad Papers, wMlflihtt took a Voyage to framvy and I ftaidatBortF^wrdwi*^ i;hiit he qjiiceed his Order with the oonfentoftHisSlt* pcriQurs, and that he had written Teftimoni^lS' o^Mk good Cpnduft durmg his ft^y in thac Society. ' Pfti Ihew'd me a lictter vrritten at ^pwi^i by the Genw^ of that Order, wherein he teffifted that the iiiid 9ieo^ . k U Salif had behav 'd himfelf prudently in ever«j(^ thuig without giving the leaftocGaiionto beXu^eftd* guilty of a venial Sin. - I have a hundred. times refleded upon what he lias faid to me, when we entertain'd oud fclves with thi> Stories of our new Difcovcries^ ai:d I ' ador'd God' fd^ the UnfearchablBnefs of his ways, whoaccompliflies'hii Will hy theic means he is pleafed to appoint^ al^ uncertain as I was of my Deftiny^ I' gave my le«fu"J^ to his goD4 pleafure, refolv'd to fohmit patie;ftly iir every thing to his divine Providence., Father y4i^jfc!i- fm arrived at length where was Mi Cavelier^ a Prife#^ Brother of. thcDefund M^ de U Sallt^ to whom he* related his. Death ^ the Murtlierers came rudely intd! the fame Gabbin or Hut prefently after,and feiz-'diip- 011 all they found in it, the good Father had not lei- fure for a long Harangue, but his Countenance bath'd^ in Tears , was a fufficient Intimation of what he had* to fay : M. Cavelier at firft fight of him, cry'd ont^ Ah ! my Brother is dead. I oinnot forbear prefent-' ing the Publick with fbme account of this Prieft, M. ' Cavelier^ with whom I ibjoitrn'd in C4«W« during one^ Summer of my Miflion to Fort Fromsnac^ of which- his Brother was Governonr and Proprietor. He way a pious and difcreet Ecclcfiallick , perfedlj qualified'' for a Miflionary; He no fooner heard this fatal News^ but he fell down upon his Knees, and fo did theSieur^ Citvc''cr his Nephew, expcding the Villains came t<>* l)iitchcr them, and tliercrore prepared tliemfelvcs t6^ (lie like Chrillians ; but the AflSlTmcs mov'd withP Coiupainpa at the light .of the venerable old Man,* *- J .:- and m m m If Jk WiB^agt im North Amcrici^ jittdbcfng lorry befides for their late wicked Deed«t, r(^l\red to Ipar^ them, upon condition that they wM never return into France^ but they vvere a Jdogtime e'er they fixt upon granting them Mercy \ litfne .of them that had a mind to fee thfcif Kindred ^oce again, endeavoured as well ds they could to clear themfeives from fo deteflable an A<^ion j others feid, 'twas fafeft: to rid their hands of thefe two inno- fent men, or clfe they might one day call them to an account, if ever they met again in France. V They chofe for their Leader the Murthercr of M. (it la Salle^ and upon Deliberation they refolv'd to go to the famous Nation of the Ceftii already fpoken of^ lb they march'd altogether for feveral days, and pafs'd lUvers Rivers. Thefe infamous Murtherers made the two Caveliers fcrvfe them as Valets, and gave them no- thing but their leavings to eatV They arrived without- aay rob at the place they wilh'd for. A ConteH rifes betwixt a German of Wittemburg^ nam'd Hans^ and him tlwt murther'd M^ de U Salle j about the Su- periority of Command, upon this their men divide themfeives into two Parties, one follows Nam^ the other the Murtherfcr. They were come away from tiie Cenisy among \yhom they tarry'd fome time, and iprrived at the Najfoms ^ where the four Defer ters whom I mentioned before, rejoyn'd them. ThiiJ they were all got together upon Afcenfion Eve^ and the Qyarrel betwixt the two Parties, being blown up to that heighfi, that they determined to murther Onfe another. Father Anafi-Afms made an Exhortation to tlieni Upon the FelUval day, with which they feem'd to be fo touched, that they made as if they would confcfs themfeives^ ,but they did not continue long in that mind. Thole that moft regretted their Ma- ker's murther, took to Hans\ fide. This man two clays after tak;uig his opportunity, punifhed one crime with another, , for he fir'd a Piilol at the murtherer ^f AJ. dflii ^(tjie^ th^ Bullet pierced his Heart, and he diop'd ( flioi; him fore, he ^ juit at h the fow Shirt Van nefs, thi Flame. - ^ved;^ of him, M. de U andlo.t Thus troop v^ whom tl back' ini their Cr iu Arm Kiinoatii Wheni live int( took/^- the relt woulii would i edoutc the twc and otj with ic way: t tQ celel they fi tually ' wards Natior and in faid tl Guns^; ij-i-i ':^')m. V. \\ A VojAgt iixra North AmmOft. 1^ drop'd clea4 upa thp.jjlace. Que qf ^^j's (Jreij^^ fliot Jijm that killed IVi;.,. Moran^er in jth^iide, a|K| b"^ fore he\, could well re^yer himfeljE, .^fjotte l^^tfifi juit at' ]us Head, there :wiis, no B^pia^s Muskeg bi^ ^ t'owcjier fet fii;e,,t^;^is Hair,r;w^ifiv(atchUii^ Shirt aixd 'Cloath& with fo much 'iXf^^ix.sxiAf^^^ nefs, that he could hot put it outy te eypir^clTi^fji^' Flame. The third^Cgiifpiratoi; to^k.to'^ He^l^gril iaved. ^fiuelf^ ip'^^f^ wg^jnightj e^&>to makeilur^ of hiiiijl^iifi finilh ia his Death, Ehe.yeng^anccj^e tii M. ^Iled"for thatft^i^^. ^ ;^,j .^.^^ Thus //^«j h^e^a^e the chief Leader 9; fhis miferaj^^ troop^!, they' refolv'^^.'iiq, return to i^^Qs/iis^ ani^lfa whom thfj dellgri'cl 'w^ftle/or they durfi; not veptun? back i^tp. Btrope for fear of meeting, t,he,punifl?inefl|s tlieir Criii^es deferVd : A,t that time.t|i9 C/^is wei^.upt ill Arms and ready to,. march. qu^ftci^pjght with the Kanoatimio^^ crueJi %9P}fi, their inip%]able En^mia*, Whentli^y take ai>)(.jjfnfoner3^ jcjiqy^ throw ^he^i^ live into a' Caldron and Ipoil tliem.,f! The Ceni^^fi^ took J^ofif and ibiue, other Btrmms aj-qng with ti^m^ the relt waited till li^i^y ihouid retur^vthoug^. ^iipai would ^phay,e.pwlu^d«di^e|n-4lltOj go,. "^^ & j^f» would ijptitir-,, Ay hen //4»j yvas^9ne,| thcydepW^. ed out of thp Country of tbi? f^i^»-,3ifK| among 'emi«iif|5rc the two C^W/ierj^ the.Sieur.>^ .li?^oer ^»#<6'*«»: and odieifS(^.each^I|acli4is Horft, -BpWder, an^l-cadg, with ioine Goods to^^^fray thcir_,Oiarges iipoR th<^; way : they made a halt ill the Counti-y of the Najfoms to celebrate the Ottavtoi ia fete dittt. In their Relations^- they fay , that the, People ei^tertain'd them perpe- tually ^'ith Storie^' 9f the Cruelty of die Spaniard? to- wards the Amfi-tc'ans^ and told them twenty feypral Nations were goifi^ to liiake War upon the Spaniards^ and invited them to go along vvith them, becaule, faid they, you will do more execution with yqprt 9i^^!>: J{!^;.!H ^f^^'^^^ m^M^. Ala^cs ' aid hll Arrovv$»- Jm:ei^* itit'fii^y had othdr Bttosin ilieit tfeads; and td(fe ^ctftfion ia thefe Difccniffes to give t^em td tttide^fe^d th^t thfcjy were cotnc aindng riiem i)y ^x- ^dfsOrdet- from "(Sod, tofaftr^a them b^eknow- ied^ of d'f ^ttakeld6^eftkin, but M/C^Wertte ^fi^ji; ftfJdHE^her AfmptiftM endfe^ottcM to their ntfhoft to f^t^^^ti;-f^;fi f>J-i - 1. ti Mbreover 'tis certain, that lince the daj^ bf the Efftperor Chirks the' tifth, the ^tAmardi hat^, not dart^M to execute^ arty Grndtie^ iljioh the N^\)ts of NiHif Mxlcc, bccaufe they havd' too few of tilltti^ oWn SuBjefts to guard their Gonqucrts againit the infults of their neighbouring hdiAm^ were they irritated. No, they live pcaceaMy with thehi,'Slhd trenble lib bo- dy^i^tittlefs they a^e firft attaddU ' " ;'- km^'i- ' c HAP. 'ix. '■ ;\ ■•; The Cenis perinh M. Cavelier the Priest , and father * Aftaftafius , with their Company , to continue their ' Jdnrney thorough feveral barbarons Ndtionsi f^n H E Cents gave thefe fix Mbfe'ans two SitVa^e? ■ et. for Guides, who took their way thorouf^h the •"«■■■ fmell / finoftConmry in tihe World ^Northwards; and Norifii Eaft wards i €hey patfs^d over foar great RiverS, axk many Channds made by thellaiii, inhabkuted l^J^ vers Nations ^flfward, the^ c^e aftiOng^che Ha^tiki the Nabiai^ or the Nttanfi, si Valiant P^j^fe at Warj with the Ow-s at length the^ Arrived near the CV*^ decchos^ Jieir \l^nage, tkeiv'd them witpi the Caimniti^^ and gave them fome To^accx^ fome led t^ieir Mfljpfc fts by "the 'Bridle, and othel-s orried theto- iabotit^«j Triumph ^ tivey laid they were 'Spirits c6*iie ^m^ other World. '^ . ^ ' .;>.'v'j^ All tlte ¥illage being eoHfte together, thfc' WiftWfdi according «) their Gnftom wafli'd their iHeads anj F€et withvvarrii Water, after wiiich they wei^efeat-di upon a Bench CO ver'd with neat white Mfets^^ thiiii they went to fevelling, dancfeg to the CMtemety and made other 'publidk rejoveiiigs &y and N^ht. Thefe People knew nothing or ri=»fe aJwro^e^^/j 1)i# by Heport^ 'tis to be preAim'd they M^e 4bme IhadoW <^f fceli- gioH among '*emj but «11 t$ieir Idea^ ^re- Very coal* frtsM, and their Notion^ unaiXountable, they ftfetfi to worftiip %he Stm, becaitftidhey ika^ «p tlie Sfttd^dt of their Tobaceo to him, though they have thei^ fhare on't ^ thck Gerem^ial "Habits hsavQ coarmonl/ tivo Suns dciferib'd upon^^m, and uj^ii 'the rcB: <« the Body reprefcntations ^ wild Bulls, l>eer, SeT"^ pents, or o^hdr Animals^ tht two rcll^m^ Europe/tfti took occafton from hence, to^ive tiiem ^meLelfofts concerning the true Qod, andthe principal Myfterie* of Ghrillianitf i 'tis to be fnp^s'd all this was doae by Signs. : ^J^^- • v ' In diis f)lalct-^od afRic^^ them by a f i*S^jcal ^/o Noith Attierica. 4j but fummon'il together the chief Men, and the iribft Ancient of the Villages, and deliberated ttpoh the matter in difpute. Thefc TraveHers asW them for il Pjrrogue, and fomc Savages in it to go up the RiVier MefchAfifi^ as far as the Illhtois^ by thtj River of that Nation, which in my Map of Lomfiana^ 1 call the River ofSei^eUy., in honour to thb Minillcr ofSt/.tt of that Name, who favoured and took care about OCT Difcovery. Father Anafiafms fayu they ofFer'd their Horfes, fome Powder and Lead rn extfiange fof tbc Pyrogire. After the Council had met upon thi«^ Sflbjed, tney came to a Relblution to grant therti tfiel Pyrogue they demanded, and four Savages to man it^'^ one of each Nation to lignify the ftrid^ Alliance ihey had made with them. This was punn^ually execut-* «f, fo they dHlnis'd the ^Mnnio with PreJerttsto^ then- Satisfaftion. Upon this Head I woulu oofcrve, without preten-' ding to refleft upon M. dc la Sdlle, that he undoubt-^' cdly never found out the true Mouth of the River Mefiha/ipi^ nor Father Anafiafins neither, who ne;^ rcr was in that Part of the Country \ and if the JjJft did hitkily light upon it by helf of the Savages^ that gnided him, 'twas owing to the* Dircftions he re- ceived from M. CoHtHfe^ Commander of the Skonce i But it may be he will give us more light into rills' matter hereafter. «4i»w I ^ < . » tim nn ■ i 4i CHAP. % fhe f^oyaae of the S/r//r Cavclicr a Priejhy 4nd Kitlocr Anafl-njius a RaolUti in a Pyrognc to the Illinois, Arid fevcral Ohfervi\t'a>ns cunceniin^ their RctHvn. After they had t;»ti;i«^'(^ little rime among theft* i'cople, M. €^.*tHer^ nnfi Father Jnafidfifii^ Embarked in the River of AUjlhtef^i^ ^. i. they X 2 croflcd I V > • ^ I 44^ AFoj4igfijttoSovthAtCimct» crdflTed the River the &me day in a Pyrogue of 40 Epot long. The Stream was very ftrong in that Place, f b they went all afliore to travel the reft of the Jour- ney on Foot, becaufe they had left their Horfes at jikanfiif though they had done better perhaps to h^ve kept them: They left no, Soul in tlie Pyrogue b^it young Cavelier^ whofe tender Age joya'd witli the Fatigue of Travelling fp far, made him un- capable of profecuting the Journey on Foot. Father Jhtafiafins thinks tliat from the place where they fee but to the llUnoisy they had 400 Leagues to march ' a foot before they could get thither j but all this is .ipolfen by guefs. One 01 the Savages went aboard the Pyrogue to ftcer it along the River, and one o^ his Ciomerades relicv'd l^im from time to time. The reft of the Company made no ufe of the Pyrogue, but only when they had Qaaiion to avoid a dangerous Place, or crofs any Ri- vers \ they underwent a great deal of Toil in this Voy- age, the Heats were cxcefllvc in that Seaibn, the Sand i^as burnt by the Sun, but more than all, the want of Food, whidi they eudur'd fcveral days, reduced 'era Co extreme Hardlhip. .Father Anafiafms adds. That they were got 200 Leagues over land from the Bay of St. Lewis^ that is to lay, 1 00 Leagues to the Cenis^ 60 (to die North Korth-Eall, and 40 to the Eaft North-Eaft j from the Nafforiis to the Cadod^tcchos 40 North North-Eait- Ward, from the- Cadodacchos to the Cahitwio and the MentoHs 25 to the Eaft North-Eall^ and from die Ce caiily fcen. Of the three arms that com- poft this out-let , I always followed the Channel of that in the middle. *Tis a commodious Harbour, and has feveral places fit to raifc FortrelFes upon, that arc in no daiigcr of being overflowed, as has former- ly been thought. The lower part or mouth of the River A Fby^e mf9 North America. 4^ River h habitable^ and is inhabited by federal lavage Nations that don't lie far from it. The greateft Vef- fels may go up above 200 Leagues from th« GhIj**i of Mexic^i as far as the mouth of the River of the RU" msy whiqh River is navigable for above loo League?;, and dilcharges it felf into the River Mefthafifi. At the lower end of the River dwell feverai other Nation*, which I forgot, as the Pkhefto^ the OzAnbo^*. , the TMtgiba9^ thtOttomk^ the Movifity and many others, whole Names cafily efcape ones Memory , when one palTes through them without leifure, or convenieney to take necellary Oblcrvations and Notes. *Ti$ probable that M. dt U SaUe not finding the Mouth of that River in the Sea , fanfied that the Bay of St. Lewii was not above 40 or 40 Leagues from the Mouth of one of its Arms, at leaft in a ftrait line ^ but by miafcBtune he never was at it. God fets bounds to all Men , and their Enterprifes, to all the delires of their Hearts, as well as to the valt Ocean. Doubtlefs God permitted it fo to be, that Father Artafiafint «vho is now Vicar of the Recolleds at Cayh^ irrajy Ihould difcover no Natiotis in his Travels, without taking into die Number many more Savage People well known to thofe he convers'd with en ^ifftmt y beCaufe they trafHck with them, wJiicH at the fame time wjrc never feen by any Eurofenn, Thefc People, as I have already noted, have very good Horfes, fit for any fcTvice in abundance. They think thcmfelvcs well paid for a Horfe, if one gives them a Hatchet. Father AnajUpM went from the Bay of St. Lems to the Gulph of Mexko^ with dclign to iettle a Millioa among the Ctnis in his 2d Voyage. Father Zenobiui Mambre RecoHcd, wlio ftaid '^chind at the faid Bay, was to have come and joyn'd him , to the end they might fpread t!ie Faith among die neigh}x)urinG; Na- tioHS. Fhey cxpcded from Enrobe a great aumbcr of Uboureri, but die death of M, dt U SdU obliging "' : ^ X 4 ' • jiiiu ^ ►•. / ^ . -^ ^^^^ if^o North Africa. .him td proceed further, he don't doubt but Fathtt JZeiiohiHs has been there to look for him. So it may be he is now ip. that Country with Fath^- Maximm a RecoUeft and Native of Lijle in Flanders^ ,and'that they have left the Sieur ChefdevilU a Miffio- mry of St. Sulficim^ at the Miflion of the Port in that Bay.. He determined himfelf to be there , becaufe :there were nine or ten European Families there with jtheir Children, befides fome of M. de la Salles men have married with the Women of the Country to ?iugment the little Colqny. This is the Extrad of Father An4fiafiuis account of his toilfome Voyage. What ^re become of the People left in thofe parts fince that time, we know not. ' Father jinaftaftHs conceal'd the deplorable Fate of ^. de la Salle, becaufe 'twas his Duty as well as M, C^dnr's the Prieft, to carry the firlt News of it to Court, and fecure the Effects of the deceas'd in the iaid Fort of the JlUnois, becaufe he advanced Mony upon the Enterprize. He departed from the IWm'ts in the Spring, i(J88. together with Father w^z/^/^/iw, young Caveliery M. Jontel^ and one Barbarian, whq dwells at prefent near ^ er failles \ they arrived at Qne^ bee, July 27. and fetfail for France the loxhoi AugH^ following. God granted them a favourable paflage to Taris, after having run through incredible Dangers \ and they gave an accdunt of their Voyage to the late Marquis de Seignelay, f 'This is tlie Story of >^/. de la Sailers lalt Voyage, ■which I thought my felf obliged to give the World, be- caufe 'tis a continuation of mine, and confirms feverali things related in my Account. I go on now to de- icribc the Religion and Manners of thofe barbaryus Nations, wliith I difcovcrcd in niy Voyage. CHAP. •*> J }^€^agi inta Nc»th America. ^ C H A P. XL fhe Auther^s RefitBions Hfn the f^oya^e to China \ tbt Ofinion of rnofi of the Savages of Norui America, con^ cerning the Creation of the iVorld^ and the Immortality of the Sod. CTIIS a common Saying, That Truth is the very I. Soul and Ellcnce of Hiftory : now this account ofthe Manners of the Savages oi North America be- ing taken lihcerely,. needs no other Recommendation. Novelty and Variety join together topleafe the Rea- der, though I treat of barbarous unpoliftied People; and therefore I hope, that a Deicription of 200 dif- ferent Nations, which I have either feen my felf, or been informed of by fome Religious that have beca among them, will divert the Ctirious. The Son of God having foretold, That his Gofpel flioiild be preached throughout the. Univcrfe , the Faithful have always interefied themfelves in for-» warding the accomplifliment pf that Prophecy, and labour^ to convert thofe barbarous Nations who liave no knowledge of the true God. 'Tis true, that multitude of favage People which inhabit the vaft Countries of America^ have had their Eyes fliut a- gainfl: the Light of Truth : But we have already be- gun to preach Chrift crucified to them, to the beft of our skill , that we might bring them to Salvation* Wc hope therefore that thofe who arc ftirr*d up by the Love pf God, will not be wanting for the future to fmifli what we have begun, but endeavour the Sal- vation of fp many Spuls , whp might nor perifh, i£ Chriftians would help them to get out ofthcic natural Blindnefs. To clear the way, and dired the means to it, we are going to give an account of th&, Ideas thefc People have of Religion, and likewife o£ their Manners, that fb we may the more readilf contrive the method pf tljejr CoaYerfian, and ift -'il '.?«^;' * I t « %IB 4 ^^^ ^^ North Am^ica. what manner to inftruft them, to render them capa, ' n i>lc of receiving the Truth and eternal Salvation. ' Our Difcoveries have acquainted us with moit part pi North America^ fo that I don't queltion if the Ring €i Great Britain , and the States (rf" Holland fhouid think fit to fend us back thither to finifh what we have '^ happily begun , but we (hould demonftrate what wc could never yet give ai clear Account of, tholigh many Attempts have been made to iL It has beco ifound impoflible hitherto to go to Jofon hy the Frozen Sea •, that Voyage has (Mten been fruftrated : ' and I am morally aflhr'd, that we can never fucceed In it, till we have firft difcovered the Continent.be* ^wixt the Frozen Sea and New Mescice. I am per- fuaded that God preferved me in all the great Dan- gers pf my long Voyages, that I might perfed that happy Difcovery ^ and I here offer my felf to under- take it, not doubting the Succefs of the Enterprlze, (God willing) provided I am fiirniih'd with convcuir fnt Means. I don't wonder, that the Learned are at a lofs how America was Veopltdy and that infinite number of Na^ tions fettled upon tliat vaft Continent. America is half the Terreftrial Globe. The moft expert Geogra- phers are not throughly acquainted with it, and die Inhabitants themfelves , whom we difcovered , and who in all likelihood Ihould know beft, don't know bow then- Anceftors came thither ^ and certainly if in £itrofe we wanted the Art of Writing (as tholc Peo- ple do) which in a manner makes the dead live again, recals what's paft, and preferves the memory of things, 1 am afraid we Ihould not be lefs ignorant, than thofe Savages. The greateft part of the Barbarians in Nerth Ame^ ricd have generally a Notion of fome fort of Cread- (M of the World j they iky , Heaven , Earth aiid Mankind were nmde by a Woman, and tliat fhe and her Son govern the World j aad for this rcafoO) pcrhap* it ./^ \' them capa, acion. if the King 4nA fhould latwehavc (Irate wliat of, thobgh [t has beeQ m by the ruflrated : rer focreea itlnent.be^ I am pcr- ;rcat Dan- crfedthat • to under* interprize, 1 coavcm- a Ids how iberofNa* rtCeogra- It, and the red , aiid on't know tainly if in thofe Pc(v live again, ncmory of ignorant, Tvfth Amt^ of Creati- Earth aiid l>€ and her ij pcrhaj)* ic a •» > -• : V - .».,; ■•£i"', mh V i .-\ ■t: 'X'\^ %i-i i% * l" '. '■' '-, :^ '■/ ^^:T M, ■I:: » ■/■•;< ■*«'. .t-i vfV '1 ...'!F^ i t *.■*>/* «« '1 '^^^ J Tojage if^o North AxBi^lt^* 5} The dilagrcement of the two Brothers rcfemblcs the irreconcilable Hatred of Cain and j4hel j the re- treat of one of 'em to Heaven, rcprefents the Death of j4belj and the Thunder grumbling in the Sky may be compared with the Curfepronounc'dbyGod, upon die wretched Cai»^ for inhumanly killing his Brother. 'Tis a lamentable thing to confider what wild Chi- msera's the Devil puts in thefe People's Heads. Tho* they believe that the Soul is Corporeal (for they im- derftand nothing elfe by their Otkon^ jitahauia^ or Manitou , but fome material principal Being, that gives life and motion to all things) neverthelefs tliey profefs their Belief of the Immortality of the Soul, and a Life to come, in which they Ihall enjoy all forts of pleafurc \ as Hunting, and Filh in abundance, Cora tor tliofe that fow it, for fome never fow Corn ^ To- bacco, and a thoufand other Curiofities and Conve- niencics. They fay the Soul does not leave the Body as foon as it dies, and therefore they take care to lay by the Body a Bow, Arrows, Corn, and fat Meat, for the Dead to lublifl: upon till they reach the Coun-^ ay of Souls. And becaufc they think all /enfible Things Have Son Is, therefore they reckon that after Death, Men huQC the Souls of Beavers, Ell^s, Foxes, Otter's, and other Animals. They believe that the Souls of thofc Rackets which th^y wear under thei.- Feet in Winter- time to keep 'em rrom finking into the Snow, ferve 'em for the f nie ufe in the next Life, as well as the Souls of Bows and Arrows to kill Beafts with. And fo they fanfie of the Fifh likcwife, and therefore the Souls will have occalion lay they for the Arms in- terred with the Dead \ the dead Bodies have no need of the Arms and Victuals that arc fct by 'em, no lon- ger than till they get to the Country of Souls. . They iniagijic tlut the Souls walk vifibly for fome time in the Villages, and partake of their Fcalls and Rebels, therefore they always fet alidc a Portion for < ( ^ H ji;Tj>^^#/j«to North America. for thhtk Nay fevwal of thcfc Nations go fo far as a to makt ciTtain general Frtlbs for the Dead,' accom- ptBied with Songs and horrible Cries, Feafts where- lA all that is brought is to be eaten up ^ Dances and Pfclcnts of divers kinds. They take up the dead Bo- cUeft in the Village, and the very Bones of thofe that wet confumed which they call Packets of Souls, tliey remove 'em from one Sepulchre to another, adorned ', wkJi dreffed Skins, Collars of Porcelain, and other Bke Riches, foch as their Country affords : They be* litve all this contributes mainly to the Happine^ of titoDead. 1 witt not be tediow In fumming ap particularly aB their fupcrftitioos Opinions upon this Subject, in • rtkition to the different Places or Employs they aJP* %nto them, the manner of their living, their Wai-s, Pwce,' Poiky aotf Laws : Anextravagr»nt, ridiculous ^ Traditions founded upon FaWcs invented by their An- JP defto^ra, and delivwcd to their Pofterky for eredi- ^^ h(e Truths, attd as fuch received and firmly held by tiicnK ' - One would be apt to fulped that thele Savages of America originally fprung from the Jew5 , fomc of irhoiti might cafually have been wreckt, and cafb up- Oft that Part of the World ; for they have fcveral Giftonis noe unlike thcin j they make their Cabbins , in the form of Tents, like as the Jews did j they a- nolntthemfelvcs with Oil, and are fuperftitiaifly ad- cfifted to Divination from Dreams. They bewail over the Dead with great Lamentation. The Women go into mourning for their near Relations a whole Year, during which time they abftain from dancing and feaftring, and wear a fort of a Hood upontlicir Heads, and commonly the Father or Brotner of the De* ccafcd take care of the Widow. Befides it fcems as if God had laid a particular Malcdidion upon 'em , as he did upon the Jews:' TJicy aic brutilb, and pcrtiifc unalterably in their \ •'* Opinions J . 'i • OpinloBS \ they have bq ctrtain H^ed Pkce of Abode ^ they are very lalarious, and have fuch grofs Coo^ ccptioQS, that whcA we tell 'cm Souls are immortal ; aad immaterial, they ask what they eat in the other World Morcov<;r we may obferve Ibme ConfbmEU- ty betweea Mofes\ Relation of the Creation of th9 World, and the Belief of thcfe Savages about it, aft I obfcrved above. But to fpeak frankly, thefe Bar** bariaos fecm to have no kind of Ide* of the Deity^ aad ytt they believe another Life in which they heme to CQJoy the fame Delights, that they are pleaied with here. They live without any fubordination ^ without Laws or any form of Government or Policy. They are flupid in matters of Religion , fubtlc and crafty in their Worldity Coccerns \ but excdUvely fu* pcrftitioua^ . . . mJimmmat^m* CHAP. XII ff^ JUhM is mpfi PTffftr to ctmftn th$ ^^a} whift MAmtr of Pvrfmt tkiy 4w itW might mtit^ha OU R AQcicnt Minaooary . Rccolkds of Ca^jadm^ and thofc that fuccecded them in that Work^ h»ye always^ven it for their Opinion, as I now ow« 'bs mijiK> that the way to fuccced in converting thti Barbarians, is to endeavour to make them Mt^ before wc go about to make them Cliriftians, Now in or-^ (kv to civilize them 'tis neccflary that the EnrapeanM (hould mix with them, and that they fhould dwell together, which caa never be done for certain till tlio Cplooie^ arc augmented : but ic muft be acknowledg- c(j^ tliat tJYe Company oi CAnMdn Merchants, have made great Obltaclcs to tlie cncrcaiing of the Colo- Oifis \ for out of grecdincfs to keep all the Trade m thcii- own Hi\nd5, thcfe Gmtlumca would never pcr«» .....>. . mit ,?!!■■ «'• \6 A Vcmigh imo Nbitfi Amcrici. ' 5jxt ad^ particular Society to fettle therafelvcs in the Gountry, nor fuffer the Miflionaries tp perfwade the Barbarians to dwell coiiftaatly in a place. Yet before d^is be done^ there's no way to convert thefe Unbe- > licvcrs. Thus the ooretoufiiefs of thofe who are for ^tting a great deal in a fhort time, has mightily re- tarded the eftablifhrnent of tlie Gofpel among the Sa. irages. . . Hence 'tis manifcfb, that the Office of a Miflionary ' is very trojiblclbmc and laborious, aniongfl thefe na- lacrous Nations., and it muft be granted that 'tis nc- ccflary to fpcnd many Years, and undergo a great deal of pains to civilize People fo extremely Ihipid and barbarous. And therefore, one would not venture without much caution, to adniiniller the Sacraments to adolc Pcrlbns, who pretend themfelves Converts j for wc lee that after fo many Years of Mifllon ^ there hs, been but little progrefe made, though no pains liave been wanting on the MilTionary's Hands. ; So that Chriftianiiy.isnot like to gain much gronad among the Savages, till the Colonies arc ftrengthcn- cdby a great Number of Inhabitants, Artilansand - Workmen, and then the Treaty betwixt the Barba- fhns and us (hould l)c freer, and extended to all £«- t^^ans : But chiefly it fhould be endeavoured to fix the Barbarians to a cei'tain dwelling Place, and intro- duce our Cuftoms an^ Laws among them, furthered by the AfTiftancc of zealous People in Btro^e^ Col- leges might be founded to breed up the young Sava- ges in the ChriltLin Faith, which might in time con- tribute very much to the Gouverfion of their Coun- Xry-mcn. This is a very proper Method without doubt, to flrengthen the Temporal and Spiritual In- terefls of the Colonies ;, but the generality of Man-" kind are bent upon Gain aixl Traffick, and arc little coi cerned to piocurc God's Blefling ujwn them, and ,eadeavour the advaaccment df his Glory. • dod is oftciiji^sM to t>rov0lMsfchildti^^^^ Souls, by thjbK^'means that ntoft^id t|i^ini bti Dangers, LabGitli;^.' ^^^<'^i^ ^4 cVenb^tftj^ would w wclcottie ib them, pfdfyfel(id iri^' ' tbemfeives for the Salvation of tHeirtfr^hfi nrould airprd thefii^he CohCdMpn^oM'^i fcrtakings Crown'd withftccef/td fifeOlory,^ Converfion of Infidels. . ». -,. ; It is impotoiB'for us to look iipbnfo jgryta^in* bcr of People a|tWs relation ineritibtis,' andtenfider thclitfleprcgrM Relijgion has'tocle aoibtr^djc Sa"-:^ rages of thefeVirc^ Countries, b^t \;^e mtilir n^iTal;': mire the infcilit^e Decrees' of God, and.' t#^tit'' with the Apoftle;;dtfc(? Depth of the RkhesdfmWify im an4 Kmpitr^e of God ! a ^^reat Numbe"^ df lerit^- nedfecular PtIdS, andzealoils'Religiousi^id^bfptiiv^ Order, have carried the Light of the GofjjelAjtbml: Parts of the Earth, and laboured hard in; tl^^fd^* Vineyard. But God would fi^ve ns knoW,;tKk/iS«r! Converiion of Souls is the Work of his Gra'cp;^ "x^l blcfled Moments, of which are not yet cofflcj''' ^"''^^ I cannbt hdp faying with Grief, that'tSp^Jjs'd' great dealof dmerence between the moderivi^^ into America, (kid xhoCt which our Recolt^qi^b^ail^ in the New world, and contfhued in th6 Soiitfa ^ '*• there they dalty convert^ft Willi : i^ Hiinadav/e find the Ckbtind^lSar- te^btfilng ' brit blipdnefsahd frifeiir m^tiimr^ct from God. ^aweVen . . . dn to the Myftery of ofiri^aTith; Whole Ages arc jrequir'd to prepare thefc BaJbarian* for the GolWl, before we cati cxpeft tofee it(bijti(H flierc : And to' add to oUr affliftion God haipcrmic-' Wthat theCJoimtry Ihbmd be in the hartd^ of a Companyof Merchants, .Who think of nothing buf tiicir private tntereft, and are unconcernSf foi' the propagation of Che Faith. phspf^ mm Ai^ an entire o^ •/ Ouv s» [f: |9. ^%4{W/iMb North Am^rk^ ' '6ur Anciciit Mifliooaries Recoiled did not grant tU Sacrament of BaptUm to the Sivrages \m mtk ^at Cautioik for fear the Sacred Mfrntf fhotAi-U profaned by the Barbarians ; and in oar tHys wt fti theft i^ations not at all difposM to CSnriftianity: TKev i^»^ tq have no Senle. at all of Religion^ ingenem to be incapable of the moft common reafonin^Sy ^ lead other Men to the knowledge of aBcity tnicor fiUc. . : ^ Thefe milerable dark Creatures Men to all we% concerning our Myftaies, juftasif 'twere a Sonk; shey are naturally very vidous, and addi^led to Ibojc Siiperftit^ons that llgnifie nothing v thtir Cuftoms are lavage^ brutal and barbarous^ they willitiffer theta* felves t9 be bapti7.ed ten times a Day for a Glafs of Brandy, or a Pipe of Tobacco, and ofiTer their ChQ- dren to be baptized, but all withoVit any Religions Motive^ ^ ThoTe that one takes the pains Loinftrn^. for a Wmter together, as I my fblf taught fome <2 thepi while I dwelt at Fort Frontmtac^ ^ve no bettn' ilgns of Edification than others in pur Articles of Faith : So wrapt up are they inlnieiifi^ility. to what concejras Religion, which occalion^cLl^^rribfe Ctiecks of.C^ifcience in our Rellgioirs, in tftelbeginhuig!pf their MifOon among (he Peopiie oiCanftda \ they Inr tb^tne few Perfons of years of Dilcretbu that.thqf had ihftru^ed, and afterwards admig6a tO Baj^fi^ foontell again into their ordinary Indifference for Sjil* vatioA, and that the Children foflbw^ theun^j^^ Example of their Parents, infomttcH th^t ^twasnoT ter than a plain profination of BaptifiQ to ac' ' * * it to them. The Cafe was fearch'd into to the bottom; and ai^ gucd upon with much application \ nay, 'twas car* ried into the Sorbomc , at length| after all pojQible dili* gent Scrutiny into the matter, it was concluded, that as for Peribns of years, and (Children near the Poiat •f-Death, and who in all humane Probability wonW '■■/tiri ■-«. 4 '- • Y ■' •' ■•*^ ' f^rtainl^ ^ yt>\ (ei:tain)]rro9iac^7eii|>theGfaoft; tbey might vow. tore to 6aptia^ them i{ they demanded it, becaufe i£, might be juftly preTumMi that in that excremicy Go4 ■, iufpird the adult Petfons wi|h his Grace, as 'cwat; thought ithad toeea obviiQiu^ u^ iboie, of them ^ ' ~^ they ded^rd. ijiat ^ior tbtvOitl^ $iv^get, OOghthot tohe baptiz'4)f until afesfrlo^gbbiierv^ii^i^ and expenencei the^ werf perceiy'd to^jbeweUui^- dined ajq^ i^nnStedy^ huy^g- a right apji^reheaiioa olr our Myftenil^, and had q;Uitted their barbarous C^ ftomi^j they 4^»'lutely to conform tbcmfelvei| ia the {^uu^jl»c>ns of Mr Employ. ,\.x,'U C3l« M*i •«MMiiJ«Hliyi Jjil-- ; ^i^^sjov G H A #*u Xm» ^Icjhbii V)'!! bim fbi Sartuirkim 0/ North America imV achovile^. tuv^ Gq4^ Qf the ir^^tcHcUd Sou(s j^ tcmfitu^ It .Miffiona^e^(liecQlle£^s, were acquainfi-| ,u.. «.u^JiftyWl4?P^«w: Nations within xhfc. CQ«MJ|f{QJ^i|[^,Lfag^0^ and|> tere |bef^']^^if^qg 'mdOYi 010^)69 bccawfe I .went far*| thertbai^ujjPi'^themi, hav^ made a Voyage a}|* sbng the.|(f^f.t^< of St. i^mefue^ and ^^fbafipi. If dbTer^red,' j|9 my PrcdeceEbrs, that the Savages don'r want gooaSeofe in what concerns the general and] ^ticttlar-iiteneft of their Nation. They puriUe Wr BoiiQt^ «id take sight Methods ta come to thet •ad of their didkns : but *ci^ what I appi JiftcminiM ' ' * • * Y 2 tr'' \ .■ / rf ^ ^VHftnio North Anierid^ ^; that whilft they are fo cl^r %hted in IhiSr com; ihon Affairs, they fliould ha(re fdch extrantgant no-' tions of the concerns of Religion, the Manners, IsaWs, andMaxims of IJfe» ^: V/e nroft att of ns own, that almoft aUthe Savages in general ha^ no Belief of aOeity, and that they ^Kt incapable of the common and ordhi^ry Afga- tfients ^dReafbnings thatthd reft of Mankuid are led by npon this Snbjed j if:^ dark and ftnpid are their ISnderftandinjgs. At the lame time we may acknow- ledge, that noy and then in (bme of them we difco- ver fome^n^therings of a confo^d Notion of God. Some willconfers, but very cloudily, thattheSnnis God : Others £iy, 'tis a Genius that rulesih the Air: Some again lobk upon the Heavens as a kind of Divi- nityi But thei^only make a (hew of believing fome- thingthatwe can hardly gu^sat: we can't fix them to any fettled Principle. The Nations South- ivard feem to believe an Umverlal Spirit that governs a|LL thejLJjaa&icfi after a W^% that thdrc^s » ture to (ay, that the evil Spirit hM a hand in the Tricks of thefe Jugglers, and makes ufe of them to amufe thefe poor People, and render them more in* capable of receiving the Knowledge of the true God. They are very fend of thefe Jugglers, tho they cozea them perpetually^ Thefe Impoftors would be counted Prophets, wih^ foretei things to come .* they would be lookt upon at having almoft an infinite Power .* They boaft thset ' they mjdce Ram or Fair Weather, Calms and Storms, Fruitfiilqefs or Barrennels of the Ground, Huntin|t lucky or unlucky. They ferve for Phyficians too,ana frequently apply fuch Remedies, as have no manner of virtue to cure the Difteinper* ^ ¥3 No* )■ ,,' j / Nothing can be iimginM more kotriljtk ^a tihe Cries and Yellings, and Che ftrange Cpatoriioi^ of thei^ Rafcals, wheri they fall to Ju^hig Oi^^qiq. ringi at the lame time they do. it very ckyerlyi They never core any one, norpredift anylhuigtluit fells out, but purely by chapce: mean 0pe tfaeylniTe t a thonfand Fetches to bubble the poor peQjui^ Wlieii the accident does not anfwer their PredSi|ni aod Remedies; for, as I (aid, they are both Prophets ^and Quacks. They clo nothink ^ithou^ Preftnts or Reward. 'Tis true, if thcfc Iinpoftors are not very I dexterous at recommending themfelves, and bruig- ing themfelves off, when any perfon dies under their ^Ijands^ or Enterprizes do not fiicceed as they prb* ^isM, they are Ibmetimes inurdered upon the pface, without any more Formality, Thefe blind Wretches are wedded to ipany other rSuperftitions, which the Ekvil makes ufeof to delude them : They believe that feveral kinds of AnimJ^ have a reafonable Soul : They have an rniaccon^- able Veneration for certain Bones of £lks,Bevers,and lather Beaiis ; they never throw theft to their Dogs^ which are the only Domeftick Animals they keep» ht^ -eaufe they ferve for Hunting : So they prieferve thefe precious Bones, and are very unwilling to ait them into the River. They pretend, that the Soajs "of thefe Animals come back into the World to fee 'fK>w they 'treat their Bodies, and g|V^ iio^ce accord- ingly to the reft of the Bea((s both dead ^nd li- (vingj and that if they Ihould find they are ill us'dt the Beafts of that kind would never let themftlva te taken, neither in this Worid aor the ttcxf. '^ One may fay, that the Corruption of Sm (nn fpread a ftrangeDarknel^in theSotilsof tl^ unhap^ |)y people, and a perfe^ InfenfibHity to all Religion; infomuch that they are not to be mati±'d in any Hiftory. 'Tis true, they are^bldipately ibperftitioos f n fome things ^ and yet at the ftme me^ ^y are . Jl rPfi^ $m9 MOfln AQWiCa* Vj lot ttttf^at ^ any priiidpie of H^ioH. ^Xi* flodfltig ImK ilroD; pr^ke and Haapiation- WKiQ we cKfpQte wilfi inland pnt mm to a sOflflM, they hold their tOQgue^ V their M^ids ait ftu|ld; their FaeuliiiM «re befitted. If we projx^ ottf H^ilef l»ts^lhciii» they heed fhem as iBdKflferent- ly as iM)f> own doaftofick Whimfies. I hiire nlict with Ibme ef them^ who iMii to acknowledge tlat tbcre in one Mt Fmerole tllat made all things ; but thi$ iftakes but a flightimpreffiiMi upon their Mind^ which returns again to its ordinary Deadneis, and former infenilbiSty* 1^^**^ i***t»«ii»««^^'"*" CHAP. JliV. of the £reaP diffietdtiei m converting the Savojges, Of the Pr^m ^ gtt by rote -, mtd i^ Martyr^ TH£ gvoat Inftn^bilitv of theft Barbai4ans Is caoled prindpally by ttieir Garelefneft and neg« \zdi to bet^oQghfy inftriided. iThey come to iis, and attend to what we %, parely oat of Idlenef;, andnatnral Gnriolitf to converfe with us, as we with them'; or rather they are tempted to follow ds, by the Kindneft and Flatteries we exprefs towards them, or becaoft of fhe Benefit their Sick receive from nSfOr ont of hope to gain bv ttvfiicldng with us ; or lafUy, becanCe we are Europeans, and they think us ftonter than tiiemfelves^ and hope we will defend them from their Enemies. We teach them Prayers; but they repeat them like Songs, without any diftindion by Faith. T^ofe we have catectdzed a long time, are very wavering, except fome lew : They renounce al^ return into their Woods, and take up their old Superfticjons upon the leaft Crotchet that comes into their Heads Y4 j$4^ '-^ ^<^«^ f^^ ^oTth America^ \l don't know whether their Predecellbrs had any Knowledge of a God ^ but 'tis certain their Langoage^ wjiich is very natural and exprefllve in every thing eire,if fo barren on t6isSubied|that we can't fin4 any expreifpnin it to (ignify the Deity, or any one of our jVlyiftenes^ not even the moit common: thisgivtS'Us gr^t pei:]^exity when we would convert them. Another great Obftacle to their Gonverfion is this : Moll of them have feveral Wives ^ and in the Nor- thern parts they change them as often as they pleafe: They can^t conceive how people can tie themfelves indiOblubly to one perfon in Marriage. See how (illy you are, cry they, when we argue with them about it. My Wife isuneafy to me, I amfo to her ; fiie'll agree very well with fuch a one, who is at odds with his Wife : now why fliould we four lead a miferable Life all our days ? Another hindrance lies in a Cuftom of theirs, not to contradia any Man 5 they think every one ought to be left to his own Opinion, without being thwart- ed : Uiey believe, or make as if they believed all you fay to them ^ but 'tis their Infcnfibility^ and Indiffe- rence 'or every thing, cipecially Matters of Rcligi# on, wnich they never trouble themfelves about. yinterica is no place to go to out of a defire to fufFer Martyrdom, taking the Word in a Theological Scnfc : The Savages never pat any Chriftian to death upon the fcore of his Religion ^ they leave every body at liberty in Belief: Tliey like the outward Ceremonies or our Church, but no more. Thefc Bar- barians never make War,but for the Intereft of their Nation ; they don't kill people, but in particular Qnarrels, or v;hen they arebrutifli, or drunk, or in revenge, or infatuated with a Dream, or fome extra- vagant V'ifion : they arc incnpable of taking away any Pcrfon's l^ife out of hrtred to his Religion. 1 hey are brutifh in all tlielr Inclinations ^ theyaii; naturally Gluttons, and know no otl <;r Happincfs in, - . \ tiiii \* « ^V0k^ **^*k Noith America; dj this Life, but the pleafure of eating and drinking : This is remarkable fai their very Eyes, and tiieir Di- Tcriions; which are always begun and <;nded with failings The Faflion of Revenge which they are pofTefled with, is another great Obftacle to Chrifttanity : They are very tender and afTedionate to their own Nation, but cruel and revengeful beyond imagination tovirards their Enemies : They are naturally Incon- ftant, Revilers, Scoffers, and Lafcivious. In ihort, among all the Vices they are addided to, we can perceive no Principle of Religion or Morality ^ and to be fure this mull needs render their Converfion extremely difficult. ■ To perfwade tiiem to any thing, and difpofe them to the Faith, 'tis requiiite to make them familiar with nsj and contrad a good acquaintance with them ^ but this is not to bedopeprefencly^ becaufe firit of all the Colonies ought to be multiplied, and planted ever/ where. When they have pafs'd away a few Weeli with the Europeans, they are oblig'd to go to War, ^ Hunting, or Fifliing, for their Subliftence^ and this depraves 'em extremely. They fhould be fix'd, in- ticed to clear the Ground, and cultivate it, and workac feveral Trades, as the Europeans do j and then we fhould fee 'em reform their barbarous Cu- ftoms, and become more civiliz'd, as well towards one antthet as us. In another place we (hall treat of the other South- ern Nations, who feem better difpos'd to receive the Gofpel than thofe of the North. HAP, 66 d rejag9 imo No«tb ii(Milg£ . V CHAR XV: ■ *■ ■ ' , the manner of Feafthig among the Savagni THey have Feaib at patting from one another, Feafts of Thanks, War, Peace, Death^MarriagfL and Health. They contmoe reveUing night and da^ particularly when they hold thofe Feafts, which they term. Eat up all: For then they don't permit any one to quit the Company till all be eaten up. And if a Perfon is not able tcklkuffany bnger, he is oUig'd to hire another into hisplace. They have other Feafts for the recovery of the Sick, and fome ordinary common Feafts. Formerly they kept wanton Feftivals, where the M^and Wo^^ men ilsingled together pronufcooufly, and plaid moft abominable lewd Pranks. But if they make fuch £n^ tertainments now a-days, 'tis very rarely, andwhea they are at a great diftance from the Europeans. When they undertake a War» 'tis commonly to re* cover fatisfadion for fome Injury, that they pretend has been done to them : Sometimes they engage in it, upon account of a Dream, and often m a Fancy takes ,*^m : Sometimes they enter into it, becaufe other People jeer tl;em : You're a Coward, lay they ; You liever were in a Battle ; Yea have killM no Body yet. Then are they rouzM by Honour, and after thay have kiilM ^ome Fallow Deer, make a Feaft, and exhort their Neighbours to accompany them in their Enter* prize. When they have a mind to go lingly, and alone; they make no Feafts, but only order their Wives to get them fome Meal of Indian Corn, becaufe they arc going to War. But if they would have Companions, they go through all the Villages to invite the young Men, who take their Platters of Wood, or Bark of Birch : Then they rcndczvouz at the Cabin of him . . who 'ill I* j'0 ' « J s ^0 ioTited them^ which they commonly enter, ling- ing Warlike Swi&. I am goitig to War, I will re- venge the Peat^ of fuch a luniman, I will Aay, | wjll bum. ^ will bring away Slaves, I will eat Men, and (ach Uke ExprefTions that breathe nothing but Cruelty. When all the drew are aiTeml^led, they fill the Ketr ^Ics of thoi|p that havie any* or elfb their Porringer^ of Wood or Bark : then tney fit down to eat ; and daring the Entertainment, he that invited them to the Feaft, iings without IntermiiTion, and exhorts them to fbllow him. All this while they fpeak not one word, and eat up all they have given them in profound dlence, except one or other of ?em between whiles applauds him that made ths Feaft of War, by anfwering Netho^ or Ja^ guenske. When the Orator has done, he fays to 'em all, *Tis well ; |M1 march to morrow, or within twa or three days, according as he hath projcded. The next day thofe who arc willirm to accompany him to the War, goto hin, and afluie him that they will follow him any where to revenge him upon his Ene- mies. 'Tis very well, Nephews, fays he, we'll be going, three days hence. And the Savages make twelve or fifteen Fcalb of this kind, before they fet out. Thefc Barbarians had usM to makc*very lafcivious Fe-jfls. The Leader of the Party ordered a young Woman to proftitutc her felf to fuch or fuch aonc at he pointed at. If fhe refused to gratify them, ♦'hey ittributed all their Mifcarriages in their Enterpnzes to her *, fo cunning is the Devil in cherilhing their irn- pure Imaginations. ^ When they marry their Childrcn,thcy feldom make a Feaft. But if they do think r;tto make any, they ob- fcrve certain Ceremonies in it : thcfirft thing they do, is to prepare Viftuals. To this end they fill with Meat thofe Kettles which they have truck'd for with Ibc iiuropeans, or great Earthen Pots which the Wo- / * • men M ' «< 14. f • fX A Vofqii i»fo North America; men make. They provide as many of tliem as ther] delign to have Guelts : when the Meat, or i%4mtf«| is drefs'dytheygo toinvite their Guefts^and this they do by putting a little (lick into their hand, and %. ing, I invite thee to my Feaft. No fooner laidy but 'tis done, they need not be ask'd twice. They ail come with their nfual lltcnlils. The Mafter of the GabJn diftributes to each an equal Mefs, and he that provides the Feafl:,or foiQe other in his place,fings without ceaf- ing till th^y have eaten all up .* after th r 701 ^ Filiiigi iftf^ l^onhAint69£ The MilTionarics deliver thcmfclves, in thcfc Af- femblies, cither by word of Moutb» if they under. ftaod the Language of the People, orelfe by Interpre* ten. They tell "^em that they come among them to make an Alliance and Friendfliip with them^ andirt the fame time to invite them to traffick with their Nation ; in ccMkrlafion, they dcfirethe Sav^es to pei> mk them to dwell in thet^ Country, to initnid iti^ in God's Law, which is the only way to Heaven. The Savages often accept the Offers of tht Mijiih saries^ rnd alTure them they are well £itisfjed with their Peribns : but to win the Barbarians, Vis reqni* fite that the Miffionaries give them Hatchefis, Kniveci or other European Merchandizes, which the Savag^ fefpecially thofe who never yet had any Commerce with, the Europeans, fet a high value upon. We never treat of any Afi^ir with them without prefenting them with fomething of that nature, wbkh they va- lue more than we in Europe do Gold. Af^ter this tlw JBarbarians britt^ forth^ that h to (ay, adopt thofe that have made Prcftnti to them. They publick^^ declare them Citizens, 0r Children of their Country; and according to their Age, as I faid before, tiit Savages call the adopted Ferfons, Sons, Brothers. Couiins, accbrding to tl\p degrees of Relation : Asa they cherifh them whom they have once adopted, as xnucfa as if tbey were their own natural Brothers ,^ Children. '>',^, f fo^rgot to tokc notice in my former Volume, itna! the great Captain of the Ijfati^^ named Ouaficottde^ of pierced Pine-tree, cail'd me his Brother. There ar^ no exambles among the other Nations of adopiiaflf Uny oi\e tot a Brother to a Captain Co abfoluteas h^ He had been ftvcral times at War with fevcntecn qi; eighteen Nations, Enemies to his, and l^PHS^^ ^^ their Heads, or made them Prifoncrs. ^ .; .;i Thofe dhat are. Valiant and Couragious are^vorj much c'^'cero''- *ay the Savages, They ordinarily ulc ;;a .... ''■ , \ . _.. ,'■ • no ^, '^ \. jj^0^ Arms th^Bowf, Arrows^ and Afaces ; but ji^iufeilhem ycrydcxteroufly. They arc clear-* ^4ii «d;iv«i and robdt : I never faw any blind, cropkwi ^ defoi^mrd Perlb^ among tbem. Siik ■^ t ^ i 1. fc. ^1^- -^ ^Xl 4' XVll - Cil AF. i^AtMmkign ^m Savages in NM Amerkii *Aniage isnot a Givtl Contra^ amoQgtMfe _ _ People I the^Manand Woman don't intfei]^!^ Sod tbemfelT^ together for as long as they live, tl^; five together no longer than they agree together, a^ love one another. As loon as they are difcontentei with each other, they (ay, as I bworc obferved. My; Wife is uneafy tome, and I to her^ ihe^JI agree weU' encmgh with (uch a t>ne who is weary of his Wile ^ there^i no reafon why we four fhoald live unquiet!/)' aS our days : So wicliout more ado, without any Ck- Bwr or Noife, they feparace, and remain peifedljf indifferent for each other: Thefe Barbarians fometimes marry their Daughter! It nine or ten Year:> old, not that the young Couple come together fo foon, their Age is too green for that, bi^t tiiey expe<^ to make Sme Adtrantage tii\ ti&is Sons-in-law *, for when they returm from mnit* ' i|[^ the Girl's Father iias the difpofalofthe I-lM^- aad^e Flis& they have takoi: bat at the fanie timo< ^ Girl is obliged to bring the Sagmmu^ or Milk: tblcken'd with Indian <;!k>rn, and the Meat provided i ^ faer HnsbaiKi^s eating, tho' (he do not yet cohabtC ivkhhim: fometijqes ^\is J&vepr itx.Yean befor^i they cbnTummate. When they marry, they i^tke Feafts with gtt&t l^mp and rejoicing j all the Village is invited by;- tarns : every one makes good Chcar. After tbift Banquet they ling and dance, as llie Europeans upo» Uiat tccafion, but after their own way. Tli^y ' %■ , > #,»-.:«*• ...* . They often marry clandeftincly;and there ^ bnt one word to the Bargain. A Savage lumiard^ i^ goes to a Maid,or unmarried Woman 9 wiehoii^inoi^ Court(hip, he tells her, if (he will go with hiflit ihe fliall be his Wife : She maizes no Reply alfete, \m paufes a little while, holding her Head betwixt Iwth lier Hands while (he is coniidering what tQ do ^ ^ Man holds his Head in the lame pofture, and ftaii^s fUentj After (he has thought a little of the Matter, ihe fays Nstbo^ or Niaoua^ which lignifies, I am con- tent : The Man lifts up his Head prefenUy^ and^re^ {dies, Onf, that is to fay, 'tis a MatcIT. At N%he the Woman or Maid takes an Iron Hatchet^orif her Nation have no Commerce with the Europeans, ihe takes one made of Stone that will cut ^ ihe goes and (;uts as much good Wood as (he can carry, brings it to the door of the Savage's Cabin, and Uys it down ; fhe goes in and fits dovAi by the Man, who does not offer to carcfs her ; when they have fat to- gether long enough without fpeaking, the Husband tiglls her in tHelroquoife Tongnc^Sentaouy^ 'tis time to lie down, reppfc yourfelf : fometime after he comes ^d lays himfelf down by her. 'Tis very rarely fecn that any of 'em make Love after the European manner, courting, dallying, and jeiJking fondly and merrily j they re-enter into a re- ciprocal Kindnefs with as much eafe as they broke it m before : They part very quietly, for they make no more word on't than, I quit thee \ that's all: they are pferfedly indifferent to each other after when they meet, and take no more notice than if they had never fccn one another. 'Tis true, they fometimcs fight before they part, but that happens very ctrciyi Among the Northern Savages, and particularly l^tbc IroquQts^ fomc have two Wives, but not for any teng time : when they part, fbmctimes the Woman car«ie!» away ail tlie Clothes and Skios i \m at other \i *timci [tfines ^ain flie carries nothing awa^^t'tl^{)i^cerdf^ StafF that fttves her ibr a littkf Fctticdat, ^ aMfctft^ Blanket. Gommonly the Childrcri follow the<^ M9- ^ diers, who continue co nurfc and bring them up, be^ caufc & Eftate of every Tribe or famty liesitt otiift-tJ mon : . therp are f©mc that ftay with their ¥Athdi¥f but aimo(t all fhe Savages that are divorced ^ li^i^ their Children td their Wives, faying,- they -dcM't believe they aretheirs ^ whc^eiii they freqisfeHflV tfcli' mith, for thci*e-are very few' Wottica among«tR«ifi^ that withftand' the teniptat»ion of a woollen Blank^ * or any other tifivifel'Prefent. " ' >i^tiibrm When their ChlTdren are begotttn by anEif^^n^ oncL^nay perceive ic by their Face or Eyes 3 the Chit-' drcQ of the Sav^es arc perft(31y'bldCTf,and not p^le* orfwarthy like the' Europeans j they fee farther ilbto the Woods likewife, ^and with more quicknefs than' otirs ; Their Eyes are moi"^t>i^i^^lnSth3n the Euror^ pc^ns. y Cfhn K^vi^; '.•'"■• "^^ If the Savage Women were capable of contradihg- M^rri^g^, and keep fiedfaft in iii wc might marry as many of them as we woijld to* the Europeans j hut they have nq inclination to Con(^ancy,they can't^eep their Conjugal Vdws inviolated^ knd are very ready to leave their Husbands : tbift w^ knoifr by ExpcriJ face, and their common dilbonrfe upon this 8ubjer«Chey turn them oiF^ nay, there ?r« ^1 n '.kit 9' ( J' ^' -: r.'V 7#r 4 r^fVp North America; i^ of tbtm Apt arc^ j€9loos, s^^ I iaw one wbo b«^ bi> Wife becauf^ J^Oalip'd with other Meq. thoft that ar^ good Hqqters have the cbdce of the fineft Women, the reft have none but the homelieft, ancl the Refaie. When tk&f grew old, they rardly part vfith l^eh: Wives ;, and if they do, ftis for wekhty E^^ons. Some of them live twelve or fifteen 1^ vr^^heir Wives, who are ready to go difhra^edif t^eir H^shgnd i$ a goocf Hunter, wi leaves them : lf>^e|iiiiei» thev are fo grieved at it, that they poiToa theinrelve$^ 1 havQ.known Ibme attempt it, and have l^ved their Lives by ^ving them Treacle. When th^e B^bmrians go to hunt the Bever in the Spriqg-time, they frequenuy leave their Wives in the Village to fo^IiiMlian Com mid Gourds, and then they, hire another to go along with them : When ^y are aboat to return, they give them a Bever or twoi, 9i¥i fend 'em back to their Ca|>in ; then they go liome to their Wives as tho they had done nothing Uameable: but if the lafl: pieces them belt, m} tiake her, and turn av^ay the firft without moreack: 9nd Uiefe Savages nfooqef the Europeans don't take |be iiane courfc. . ^ j - Oiie day whilil I IrrM at fQvt FronUnae amofp 1^ Ir^^f^ the Hu^bipid of one of our Womeu of ^nftancy,andcontip||«| fhange of Women, are two things very oppo(ite p 'the Maxims of the Goipel, which we endeavour to Jbllil into the Savages : 'Tis one of the mall conlu derable Obftaclfs of the Faith ; but among the Sou^ thtrn Nations, andthoTeof J/r/i^ili^/ii polygamy is lalalhioii. IndHtbcCountricsofthc/^«M^24Mth!^ Kre Savages t(^ be mc| with that have often ten ,pr • fwtlvK Wives i they fr©|ucntly marry three Sifter^; iftd gjifre this reaiba foe fo doings tj^ thqr agree . ii^tttr together than wi(h Straogen^ ^hiD \i,K ^ » ~ Wto a Man has girenPrefentsio the Father m Mother of the ^^i that he would efpoufe, fhM< becomes his own for Ofe, If he ^Uiie, Sometimes the ftffcntjfgkc their SftU-in-iawV Q^ildren, and th«| ^ tiiev give *cm back w trdfcn^ thqt jfiade ^cnjL biit tWsfiaigpcns very (eldora, If^njf w^mandeJWRher Marriage-bed, the Husband cuts oflrner Ko]re«.,di?.aii V Ear, or gives her a flafli in the Face with a Itaii^ r Rnwf . if hft km hci^ 1^5 h dcarM for 4f ireiOniMIM ■ he pv<^ijtp her Parcflucs to wifc'Jvtgf thHr "^ift^ : Thajwe^ of tfti?sMCp»nti^^ -. their ytxifs.\ than tboft of the VM^k i the ir^^ To jealous j» this raattci",' t|«^ they ymi^ ^^^\'^ and mmxs^c% kill thf mfelvep in a bpd p#Qa tore, which prompts them to this Fijnf. • '. One thing is very remarkable, and that is, young Warllke^ Savages feidom have to dp with WoiAi| liU thiritF Years of Age, becaufe,; iay they, thicic Comiiif^jrce with Wbnaeei exhauHs their Strengthi Weaicens their Knees^ and renders theni heavy in thi- Coorfi^^ ^fe that aiarry before that Age, arftooirfl Q];)Qn as Men unlit for War or Hunting^ an4 arc 4fff j;iieda»c5*eminatePerfoa$. *;^i ^ The Soi^thern Men commonly gauakcdt buttbof women are Jwrtly covered with a Skin finely digit " ' " ia thci«:rpi9c^ and Cereir^ifs: xfee ^ tWf Ba|«v cwf;Ut, a«t^i^#iin Im^^ r^^i|HriKjf ,tfM^r Hair Uke c|if BohecMm M;^op^a|^ paint jteir jB4C^J?^mril l/Ii..-:) Ois- v^iii « -*!•' K- vtu '.«i y-tAfi '».",. >M r>r ^ ■\A,:. "•^. ^4^ ,1 ■«:■ <^1 \ ^\5 V \ ^f IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I IM 12.5 lis Ui Ui 12.2 :^ L£ 12.0 u I. ^ m 1 L25 II 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" ► ^ :> / v*^**' ^s* > y Photographic Sciences Corporalion :1>^ ^^ ,v « .-•', <^ <^\ 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WltSTH, N.Y. USIO (71*)t7a-4S09 ;\ ^ ^ ,v^ I/. ^ J jM: ..■-'*» rages are ctrea ana weanrfWrgo into ilSDove to recrdt die ftr^gai^t3ieir liMibs^; and If thejr haye a J^ injjtf^^f lil|hs or ^er^ liiey take a Knife or. a Stone tbatviimj^^ Wiifi^tiiey can,-get^ and make a ibrt of Sdmfication turn the part tSatis griemi j wjHtle the Blood runs, i£^6rapeit^withthelt R^ye$^^ ^<| tiUit has 4<>ne miiiiihg, and then? they rub tlit Woimds with BearVQiL'or Deer's Ordife; this isi fiiveraiga Remedy, and tney ofe the ian^e when they have a M^ in the Head or Arms. ,. h.- ^i , ' To cnre Tertian or Qsmrtan .Agnes; tnejMBo^ i Medicine with a certain Bark miich they noil; and gircft^ totbe ftck Perfon to fwallow amrh&IFit. They ha^e fomekhowledgein^HerDSandftni^ which they cure fereral DiftfSn^ers : Thq^ hive hi- fallible l^emedies againft the^oiion of XoKt^Hattle- fn^kies, and oth^ dangerbniAfaimais \ tbt nenfe ar Igninft the Smalt^jfojc, as we Ittrfe. ?" There are Mountebanks or Qsiadi iiiK«|( tfaeoL Mom we hKvt already fg/ckt ofondeir^^ fi^e m i6ti&m : Thefe are (bme 61a Savigei mo five lit (^ Pebipfek Co&f by cooritertiS^ l(^ehre$ Phyfidans, after rveff fopedntiow manner. They mrke no ufe of Medianes bnt when they are call'd to a fick Perfon \ they make themfelves be fued to, as tho they were to do fome thing very extraordma- ry and difficult : at laft, after much intreaty, the Ju^ler comes, he approa^es the (ick Perfon, feels his Sbdy al] over \ and after he has well handled and CQnfidcr'd 'MmS ^ North %^ic9. TSjk 0m^K hc^sf fe»; thcrc»$i|cja»rmVot S|)pl thi^ |^^harm«aa9tbat iccan'&N,4<>>n^ a gi^ deal of tUi5i3i%t aiid ?i^ Q^^Tary |9 gSt W things ^c Iw c«ia^iait,^ ^^ fetclrdbut coft whsrtit will : The lick Feaon* " '-^ whQ Ui^y beli^v^ .f II the Qsiaok -t aafwcr,,*p%o»j Tcfeij^ ««, 0>ur^^ whitf you can, ^P^l^mH lum goort 5 Thefl. thf Juggler iJtS;lfiSi]| gravely]! and coniifUrs iome tio^c HrliatK^o4u^ makcufcof; ty anij Iw^hc rifti iifc as outof ft found SleeiL and cries, It IbaU ^;3|i^|. .. V^uti^i one, MXSc qt ipi?^ M^ifc, or ypjJTiPwW is V^L dear to |bUy,tteiiTp8tte ^01^ mt i^:^^ you 41^ make a f^^ today,: 0im^ i^fiim time !%¥ iey^'& fc aepfc^t^l^ 1^-9^ Sav^gpall toj^tlwi' At^^a St6y;«:m Hngas Icmas'they can^uU and i3Da|^.a ratUn| wlm Wob:^ d^:, oa^^ibmetimcs they ftetdtuiiki^ Branny bbu^t e|^Sf ETaropeaas^^ai^ thenth^yiOiiikif^ ahorttttedplniipa^er. 5 "A ,? While they iripo^ np: lathis mimiDQr. j«i^ olO^erlsemlp^ whojdkl^l torlfi^by ho&|i^^ fir her^fwl and Lcgn Jtff grtoSftem W|JOS pattwlicw the pretdi({Mr Cliarm lies i he aSnisai (btfer incredible P^ \4i nougtk to kill 'em, fSSi often mikes thcBlot^ftM out^t the end of their Fmgers or Tpcs *, at mij^ after hb has done aO this, he (hewA a j^e of $ki(^,;i, lock of Woman's Hair, or fotn^i iocn thing, aflfl tells *em 'cis the Charm which he hai drawn out of the ftck Perfon's Body, when at the bottom 'tis all a piece of Roguery. Z 1 Onoe •r tifb(^atthepohitof|AatlJ,iMi^2^dt^ fhti-^iTto t^t (^eaatio^.9 vi^hUe after MM^ m mAiiMmai in #tt^tiee, tl^f had I was ah idltfffMrabvir; dkt^ klietfii^tbt^ ^if ife jfagdets^fbkhted at theWoman^ CNt^Jte^bf Itl^^gaTto cen^iQ ttiaf! t Wa$ of ait anfttiief mt* mm Hti^<^, "tf^t ftd ttpOQ Serp^s aiiidMi: k^ (that fd^|81ks as I e^etlmhc^rbolit. The .iY^Air4;hcyeKfolethem(^ivefto ai iiteattfaeycaa runabout, con^ibntes inibaic Ibrt to hirden their Skn for any Fatigae; bucyecic nod be oonM that thit great Inftniibility is owing to a ilrottg robuft Temper of Body : for tho our Z 4 Hands Hands and Face are always exposed to the Weather; yet they are nevei'^ U&mSMt^fCold: When theMee are a Hunting, efpecially in the ^ug. tiffl^^llt^ Inreiitoioftl'dAtiiNitli^iAth^ iHfithtbanding it he Very cold -, and yet they coiieoDt ffM&ifliiifldi^y^'r^d r«Eurr to their CiliisiiwRk «Bt3eoiiQ)laiaiiig;s-tWifl>^-.jp; -..j 1^/ i»iM^fMte they goriD War, ;^ey iMetiiiiespoftti«i»' ftMs hehlhd 4ii1EKe threlteot four daysi togetheri eotif^ k very indmfkler&ble qnantky of Vmak^iHi titatvrl^:^) and thuathey lie lad ia aaibo% waiting domke^lmunilfle^low; TbcytJare indciitig^ lOqpicBr thev im^f fwifty and b6ld itf^^i4<»|g > 1^Nation$4Bf>J&iitf)S^ and d£ the River Al^^ db)^j»inniaJtnuchifefl»r:th0(f thw Ir^<^ ^ there are iM^wMSoHsbr Gowf i»hieh*>tieyiCBn't otertEdo^ irheiSayagt& ofi tfceiSinitfa^ th^tikifeiat^t^ aiwifiiBi tDcamMyv aisd/Mi«:|deifot riii thtNoirih»ti<^ J^fObdOv Aor Iilfli8eoiltomed''t0^^^fatigiie&t^ Savages of the North, who Ikep npoathtfiSnovf wnptifii 'a little blimlet^ifi^thbotfifew (Di^- «vThfOoaftitiiti6n6f the U^hsiita is no k6 vigo» r&ia than that ofahe Men %|vsages, nay they are ra^ ^her mdrerobuft )!ibe Women Krvt for Fortcri^ are ib ftrong/ZtMcilew Men ia £f(r(^ can match !tlieaiitheyHcat%fack& that cw6Dr three can hard- J]^ lift up: I dlMrriiift my^rilf VoHinicv^iat they .islhafiy carrytwofo^^bi^ehohdMi V^igfalB^afidftt thdr Children »«cm df theiv 'Bovden, wwbrlare not rcckoaM into the Wdghti^ivtaM^tbef walk lys they takenotfaingbut a Knife witbthem lotmake Bows BoWS «i4 Afro«Hiifi|h } and in tliat Equipage tbe^ wiUfo ii|touia|}4LeagiwS| if tiiey jn'e mifidfd, Tlie Wdmcii Sm&^ are brot%iit to bed without any gcait Pain ^il|faie^t>f them go out of their Oar biosfltlid retire 4#ie by thenoMlves into the next Wdgfi ; they cxHOe hackageir peiently with thenew bomlcAnt wrapmp in their Qlanket or drelTed Skt&s Qth^ #» ti^y 6U IB labour in the Night timefo deUver^tbeqiftlTe) of theii: Children vma Ibeir Mat^^ withpnt crying ont^ or making a noij^ i the^naxt motningthey riie^iand' |o about theur or- dinary Buiin^^vyi^doorsMir without, as thi» nor Ihtngihtfd bqi)ened« ^Tis ^j^er^ remarkable^ that irhilft they are lajg^th Child, ;lh«y (tir ab^ot, car* rylnafyihirdiem Cqw Indiai^r^n* and (gourds; id what ia mof^ftiangc U^. tU this, t)ieir Chil- dren are TerfHweBlhi^f!, Ihff? arp lt|v.qf them {iiQQiead or dmm^ itiieflipive no. natural Faulta ui^ tiiair Bodi«»t /^^fc wtHm^ m^ think^ ^ttheir Miodtimght^^eafit^ be^ii(hion^a%cpmely a^ thek^^ waudtform^ if ri( were a4i|iirale(l, andif wf ow- ytrfifd more with fipm to |H|f i$k4tiieir wil4 baiwont Homoun ' . 1 '*■■ ^i^ ^V'J ^riM '?*•'»"? ' t '.fit;-:- ^ ■ CH A PkHXX. WHfi Savage it^Milib v4bfcr/^4 on the North fide, JL c«ccording to the report 6f their antient Men, ha?e always fmt covered, even before they bad any Commerce withthf Etiropeant: The Men and Wo* men dothMtbemfelves with dreis'd Skins ^ theyara now cloth'd dkr the lame manner, but. thofe that have any Commerce with the £tu-ot}eans have com- mon^ a $hir€, t great Coat, ^ucb as the Marinen I watch ^. wdtchia at Sesjwi^ 11(^1 ldl^ddda!N(tc6l^ made fail before ^ bebifid; wkh'«v^|||illeirfaieh cotnes down to cbdr Kttees ; ^M»i tUfWc^Ukk* iflgs irlthontFeet, and Shoes miAf bf dp^*d Wat When thicy rettt^froteHtitt^^ihSj^fl^ tim^ lli^ tmek their skhisii^ C^ "Oidesf and Hoeb ings: fome w^iEit Sals dot of c:din^laiiiUier4:(i tbe Eitt^peah^ : Some bf them hav«i Blankecs in ivhfeli tiitj^ map themfiilvvs, ' holding t«i^* Wil^^Wft B^rbiHadigo to W«*r^r to a V^v «hi(f tfltb ihei/ Fhces all oVir Hm red ^ 4k«il^ that limlii. Bemlbm^y not t)ii oti Ck^ i^ fekt dd I titd fthea thej^^eara plectf of Sto$ ttt(^ r0d]id%B;itad)hig fbSM thel^ dowfi teiiSdrKiieel Whdi w#ifiry»tiat6 ditir<|iil^^ iiMft them« weii^m^ theA toebterthm^ai; ^ iilro4aced a^gMd dlt6rv M# they hieg^to betif^ ««ha^ "^ift'tfat W<^^ and M0^^ vmhfSitiiimthw^ ^ €4^ aeiy the XMiUii^iaaM^^lm iaftas thayaM^ <^ "^r Mciiait fieUy. tm^ anri«iai^€« 'i%i tosKtf I nwah time tiliey art not ik'm ^ Wftjbecaoffttfdtoit. ^ ' tliir Men aod Women, aifd1«ft^ tho Gitfi^v adif ilK^!U: their Hecka Sea-lhelh of aUfigd^^; tliqr.hav: likcWifc fbme Shdbbfabout a FingerH mih,'tbaiie like little Pipes^whith they wear ac^eit Eih l^l^niiiatttsi they have Girdlea likewHb^Bmo WA^if^Oi^y others of Poretipiises Hair^ ibme (k'^^lii^'H^r, anjolthers of both ihSitt together; ".YhdinorecoiKaerable Savages carry at thdhr Btieks firit^'n^aeh Oi^M«y, a little Bag. wherebiif^hel^ tpXimMi or Pipr2_thait Tobac^O) tneir Steel t<3^ tirlico lite, and other Trifiel They have Skill eAougll to m&iti lltttle Cloak or ibrt of ftobe with drel^M Skitta offteati, Beyers^ ^ers, black Squirrels, Wolves, Ibh^, and other Animals : they |i^e^motii q)p^r 9lW£W]^^ed:t»»ii ,a|L Qccafioiis.^ from w^©; tpok ©(jpipOf^lQjt^ Gabriels m^^^f^ViUm ytevipi^^Q^ tbe(|{i that pTQbaUy the& $ay^e$ did not^fUipL ^#(9^i caufc fec^ jrovcrM WqiP^ aHjd>it of Skins gfv^n, bim ^tj^if "jbe ifd \iin4i Thcr<;< Savages ii^e i^ilf no ipmi;^ 'Oi-Sh^e.M fec-iherofelve^ nike^^^ nay tl^ejf %^mlo glijq**- * ' Mullen $bjsy talk w^ fi^i^^nc^r^ A^^ «5tM^^ ^fe .^f ijMc Tcrrafi-^fe^W^ ^W^h bQ^l;?cof9po{tag^ P^on9ryt liii^ ¥ar|»>.qf^«JBodF,^ Mc^ .WJjiate Fatlier Gabriel de yi-0wKh 55\te i)ld|pi 'em into the knowif^ge^of the Tr^t!^py mefq^^^l^ thyoffiis Wifdpm.^But the^u^^|3^ B^rjpimqs violate the Prece]^ of the Lavi^ pf^ianlre, an^ in Stupidity, an4 u? thf 4t^rders of ^.drea(Ifii*CHr< ri^pijli which, makei them £t $i^)e4s,oC "^ Wrath. Mean timk. Chrlftians' who are^^ fay the laving Rays of Truth, ought to labour with their power to bring thefe People out of tfairm ^ into the Light of tae Gofpel, ancLthe hop(» oif ^va^ don) lip may they help to extend the Kih^bm of JeCu^^rift,and draw thefe ppoi: People out d^h- deninatJion. To this end they (hould eftabli&ftrMig Golooifs, who by trafficUng and conv^rpg with the / Bar- 9tim^ Wffl Q^ib them tb. Mtate th<^ ; «n<^ i^tliiSfn,l»[Niir6^ of C^arit/; their lo(htiai<^ 08% dotiLgoixt Exjuni^e;, juid eVct/by die ittnporsfl ivwxtages t^ lie d^wn ft4ife^^^ and feme fpir'^SMldren! 'flemii^ conHU^ilhipla^ ' '^i* «^M6f ISfaim f thejr ihakiiwb^.OrfOttV C^me^lip^ moscprlds, act;6ftlli^ aslhc| ^Mreeiiptilt. All the- Qamefteiis play one afte^ Another, Soflie i(tf the SatagC9< sreib addided to this^lGame, th^t they play away all they fiave to their |f^ Goat,' iintd^t!heir AiffM Qown. When ^ihey are^i: p]A% they baM as loud as they can hcnit, as eafiidHy as Ir thededHonof ian Emdire were '!ti^a|itati6Ar M'an tbt^l Noilb^ is made Is if th^ ekkhce were'toBe'forI'd to IMt^'oft thqr fide. .When thj^y fh^e the w'tcr, they lay thfemfelte$toyer the ;SpDfd^rs at ^eh a race, tnat^hey make themfdves TOck .and -bine with the Bk)#f ; • Thcfe Jafcbarians play often with Straws or Bitsmt-fprig^-biAf a foot long, ^^ it "JiP^im hand, mifd xkm mthoi^t; Ipolij^ 'em mt9^twpr p9iftSt M gives inS $ , jbe ihiit; to tbi everw or. qie oda III fo tl^eir Agreemo}^ wins the iSd<^ ISavages UkewUe often i^w at i^W^^ don'cfollow it ib Eagerly as the Men^Decaufefli^^^ liiQnlifngmftake.T^^ Vie with this Gan|i^ I doo't knom&t what reafon. The Savages have another Gam^ which is common ^n& the Ew^% .qO^ O^rome Onuns of Indian Corn, o^ lomeiiich thing; then they mHbido Into ilmr Bm^^^'^mmf H ' fii ^t peTes rlgiiCt JMs thi Cfjinr.^ They hfvo aii^9!^^<^^ ple^M with, and whi^ Ml t(ic i^«|«f^ caM mum hip^emi i l^t; %> rathp: i&rti and Barter than il Gtme:^ dey gplnto two ^ ^ into one dnd fix into t^other^ Uim^m on^^ipl ^fomeSiunSy Clothes, or what diel% hflivt 4 nuM to truck 9 he goes to the Door of oi^ C^n«^i(s a certain Cry ; and they wittuQ anTw^^im ; then 1^ tells 'em^ finging alouc}» that he wi)! fifl o^ ti:^ck what he iiolds in his hands, repeating, (Htmn ^WN||V Thofe within the Cabin mak« anfwer with a hollov Voice^ limt Hcn^Bm^ Hotfyfft»^^niime$^ tk Crier or Seller having «aded his Song. t^MII^J^ Goods mto the C*n»indretnrii^ij6w;^^^^ Then the fix; in t'othfr CaUn^aftqr |hey have <;< ferr'd about theFHq^ pf the things that tfiispcd threw iiitt) the O^, ^^P^'^ one c^t^r Miini' askthe^eter tfheis w&ngto p^i^^^hft great Go^ • Shirt, a pair of^^V or iu^£i Goitimodity ; and then a 2d1^cr(<^ Pliries the Eri- Talent to the other Cabin, or elfeihey deliver tpc their Goods again that they threw ipi,. if |hevc«it'ti|i- gree^bdutit, or if it is not wcp^i^ |# sittch as i(^t they offer in exchange. , \ , ,j:. n, - Thsft ^-r^- ■JP' fgdlmi ibi|ietui«i ivlwte Vtlk^of Sa?agM rlri*»: ooicimfi^fiit^^ ths^diverfuHi of ^j^mfiefommh^m^i ^bmmfktmt «poth< TiMtgp>li«i coa|^^ iKMrdiiait) piMfai^it TeriiiiiiDpomfiMiicKiiiMtT live oir fix Ffi^k woriki as ttv^ word Ganmam ifcto q»Mia>€(i %»i1^a$ anAfii^ c^ groat Ckudfli^ Thttir<%ildrc»toe wi^thcir Gii9i?i They lifciiM Bow and two Sticks, one big» OfloMttle : tktfhoid the Uicl^ ofi« «» tliHr right liaod^ , ai)4 ftrike^i it D]>a$ hi^ as tb^isan^itb tite others aootliscloo^i ivliei^i fdaU^i mi tb:Qws it ui^ligaiQ ta hiak that Sruck it This Play has likewife CooMtbitfg in it igse i«>sBe aiiKm 4)0 SumpeaaX^^ f ifeoiafci^a 3aV(-of Ruita or l^eavesof ladian Coniii tiieytp6it^up, and catch it Hpon the point well as our well- commanded Souldie||» : Neverthelefi when th^f are onccheated and animated, they are incomparable. They are fo malicious, that they fet fire to the Com of the Europeans when they are dead: Thdy btirn their Houfes, which they fet lire to withligltfed Cbttbn, fadned to the Point of their Arrows ^ for then the Fire takes hold of the Boards, or m the Straw that their Houfes ate thatch'd with; fortheSa- vages let fly their Arrows with extraordinary Porce, fo the Houfes are foon in flames, ^ [ . There was an Iroquois Captain nsLm^dAttri&uatiOH' fitfwf^/, whom I know very well, that treated me very civilly in my Voyage from Fwt Proitienae to NewTorhi we calfd him Lagrande Gueule^htcxaSt his Mottti vrai very broad. This man having mifiM Ills aim once,ran Into Montreal in Canada^ crying, ffai^ mil v^liich is a token of Peace: He was very kindly xeceiv'd, and made much of; nay, they gave him conlidera' ble Prefents, becaufe they had a mind to have a good Underllanding with that infolent Nation. When he withdrew from that place, the perfidious Vilbin killM two Men that were thatching a Houfe. * Some . '4^9«5/!!^ North Am^a^^^ ii Some of them told us, that they had been at War fls far as the Spamlh ^l" Stories in ^ew Mexico , for diey Gid they had oeed in a (jountry where the Inba- bitantii^tjfcr^d red %th, an4 c^»d it to feU ? q si Natlon^no gaye^mmiHatcbeb-^d Kettles for it ^ and this they iaid wrh call^a tBi Country of Gold : buc 'tis lil^y this Story was deviled byr|:t^e Savag« 6«a(e Mfvffel^/^%=:^^ .^■^^*v^ fl ■•^^.. ^ ^ 'r<^«e ^tf North America. y j poor Peoild ; T|ie Ralbble fiiU upon tiiem like D or W6lv«| QDon mr jPrey, and f>egin to tormi... them, YfBom the Wprionrs mar^ch on in Fi%' migbaifpoff'd up witti their own Exploits. -, Sonnekick tfaeSaaVeSy ibinecudjgelthein, (bniecuti them witir Knives^ jtop t^ offtheir Ears, ait of fteir Kfolei or lips, Jpomlich tteit moft of them ^ in this pompous Entry^ Thofe tba(; relift ag^ft thefe rude Treatmeiits» are refervM for exemp^i^i Jl^ Puniihment. . Someiitiies they fave ibmer but ire|?)[)I^V rarely. Wlien tb^ ;]!y!(farriours areentijed intpiji^i Cabins, tbe Ancio^ti alTemble themfe^Fes to hear fb9^ telation of what paft^^in the War* ^ | ^ > If the father of a Sairage Woman has been kii^<^r they giye, her a SlavQ iixjc him, and 'tis free for that Womaa either to p»ir him to Death, or fave hunr aliva When they burn them, this is their manner v They bind the Slave to,a Poft by the Hands and Feet, ^en they heat red-hot Mufquet-barrels, Hatchetsti and othqr Iron Inftruments, andapol^hem ifed-holf • from h^i to foot, aU over their Bod^they tear off*' t^r !^aiis, and pluek out their Teeth \ they cut Collops.of f!e(h outpf their Backs, and often flear their Skin off from ^eir ScuU : After all this they ^ throyr hot Aflies upon their Woiinds, cut out their Tonguesi and:treac them as cruelly as they can de- vife. If they don't die under all tfaefe Torniints, they make them nui and follow them, laying them onwithdticb. 'Tis reported, that once a Slave ran lb welL that h|4if^d himfelt in the Woods, and could not be citchM agab. 'Tis probable he died there for want of Succour. But what is more fur- grizing is, that the SUves fmg in the midft of th^r ^ Torments, which frets their Executioners exceed- An /rofMf told us. that there was one Slave whomn they tormented cruelly \ but he told them. You haye^i no Ingenuity, you don't know how to torment yoqi^^ A 9 } iPrifoncrs, A yy.tr m^' > \M %'::'^L{i i ^f^:^' ■ -^ r ■ i^'^^PIiVH ...-> ^■"■SrT^ ' ^-r^-^r' '^ Jttftj^ Ki 'Tt v< w^'^-i 'tH^ i^^^^^ ^te ^''**^%Wfe^!t:rJW|^''-*-'/A-''''-' "'V»N.; ■-^-^ ,^ 'u,. m TAg Cruflp^ ^ TA£ Sai^u^d' Jro^ucif ' i^^^iA^^jit,j^ I 'm. ^ AV^Agefnto North Amerks^ l^tifohers, yoa ate inete Blockheai^s ^ if I hid; you in % CircumIU]ilfc^tMufcydnaft«t andtH^ . but whilft herah dttToboldIf,,4 Savage W6iiian gets a little Iron S^ i> heated red-hot, and ivAi it into filiTard : this'|iii^(^ him xa as if they were of their own Nation. -ilie Savages of the Lmfiana th^ dwell along the River Mefcbafifl^ and are fituated feven or eighit hdn- (kea Leagues beyopd the Iro^ms^ as the J^i .and JSiJadoueffattSy amonglb whom I was a Slave, are tm lefs brave that! the troyms\ they make all the Na<^ tions round t|pp tremble, tbo they have nothing but Bows, Aff^s, and MacesJ They run fwifter than the Iroquois^ and make excellent Souldiers; but they are not fo cruel.* they don't eat theFleihof theit Enemies ^ they are content to burn them only; Oiicehafingtaleen a Mtrniy w;hd eat humane Flefh as th^froqum^ they cut off pieces of Flclh from his own Body, and &ia to him^ ; You th^t love Man's. Fleflii* eatof ydur own, to fet your Nation know. Who now live anions the Irop0is^ tnat we 6^eft ^i, . abominate your Barbantie»9 rot .tHefe Pe6^ ire like hungry PogMhat,devple» the Remainder of whom they have made Slaves, to encrcafe the number of their Troops. CHAR XXIV. The Policy of the Savage Iroquois. * H£ Councils held continually by thefe Barbari« ans for orde.ring all Affairs, ought to be conii- der'd as the main Caufb of their Preferyation, and the fear all the Nations of JNorth Anmica are put m byt^m. They aifemblefor every little Bulinefs that is to be done, anc^ confult what Methods they Ihould take to gain their ends. They undertake no- thing hand over head. Their old Men, who are wife and prudent, watch oyer the Publick* If one complains that fome Peribn has robb'd him, they carefully inform themfelves who it is that committed the Tlieft. If they can't find him out, or if he is not able to make reftitution, provided they be fatif- fied of the truth of the Fad, they repair the Lofs, by giving fome Prefent to the injurM Party, to his Content. V When they would put any body to death for an enormous Crime, which they are perfwaded he is guilty pf, they hire a Man, whom they make drunk with Brandy, (for thefe People are very greedy ^f it) that the Kinsfolks of the Criminal may not f« " to revenge his Death. After this drunken Man^f^ killM him whom they judge culpable, they give this account of it, that he that (lew him was mad and drunk when he ftriick the blow. Formerly they had another way of doing Juftice, but 'tis abrogated ^ They had a Feaft once a Year, which we may call, the the Feaflrf FooUy % Ihcy playM the fool in good earncft, ruaiVQg a£iQUt from Cabin to Cabin : If dii<- rihg that day tbey Tdl foul upon any one, or took away anything) tlie conning old Men next day (x- cusM all, by alledging that he that had done the J^- chief was a Fool, and out of his Wits. Afterwards they made fome P^efents to wipe off* the Tears of the Kindred of the Perfon who was malicioofly kiU'd,.' His Reladops take up with»that Excufe^without prbt ceeding to take t^engeance. Then thefe Antients hir'd fecretly fome Perfon, who.aded the Fool, and kill'd the Perfon pitch'd upon, whom they had a mind to get rid of. f The voqms have Spies and hir'd Men amosigll; them, who come and go perpetually, and tell them all the Mews they learn.They are crafty enough in Traf- fick, andare not eaJtl^ cheated: They deliberate maturely upon every thing, and endeavour to under" ftand the Merchandize, before they truck for iti The Onnmtag^ot Iroquois Highlanders, are more fabtle and crafty than the reft .* They fteal very cle- verly. The jifgonkairtSitht jibtndkijche Mfquinunfet^md abundance more Savages that have convers'd with the Europeans, are as fharp and politick as they. We are not to imagine that thefe People are Brutes, and irrational V no, they undeftand th^lr own Intereil thorowly, and ord^* their Affairs very difcreetly. ? CHAP. XXV. V the ffumer of the Savages , hunting of aU forts of ^ wild Beafts -j and of the admirable Induftry of the Caftors or Bevers. , . THE Savages obferve the Time^ the Seafon^r and the Moons of the Year very pun^Shially, for the bitter ordering their Hunting. They call their, ' Mobns ft JFme to fon^e flat Cbiintry fit to tiidkeA Pond inv'then after they have well viewed the place on eviei^ fide, they bej^in to make a Dam to ftop the Wateir^: Thc^ make it as ftroiig as thd Dam ofany Poiidin£(fr<7/^^, of Wood, Earth, and ^Mudj and iR>mlctimes fo'big, thdt it will hold the Water of a Pondaqoarter of a League long. They make their Cabins about the middle of the Level of the Water, with Wood, Rulhes and M|^ ; and they plaifter it all fmoothly together with their Tails, which are longer, and full as broad as a Mafon's Trowel. Their Buildings are three oir four Stories high, filled almolb ' foil with Mats of Rulhes ; and in this place the Fe- males bring forth their young ones. At the bottom of the Water there arePaflages higher and lower. When the Ponds are frozen over, they can otoly go under the Ice: And for this reafon at the beginning of Winter they make a provifion of Aipen Wood, which is their ordinary Food : They kee{k It in the Water round about their Cabins. The Savages pierce the Ice about the Cabin with the handle of a Hatchet, or a Stake ^ and when they have made a hole, they found the bottom of the Water to find out the CaftorH Track : When they have found it out, they put in a Net a fathom long, and two Sticks,of which the two ends below touch the ground, and.thetwo ends above come out at the hole which is made in the Ice. They have two Cords fixed to the Sticks to draw the Net when the Caftor iv taken. Bbt to the end this fabtle Animal may not fee the Net, nor the Men, they ftrow upon the Surface of the Ice rotten Wood, Cotton, and luch like things. One Savage fbys to watch near the Net with a Hatchet to draw the Caftor upon the Ice when he is taken, while the refb break down the Cabins with a great deal of labour : They often find more than a root of Wood and Earth, which they are forced to bew ^gth a Hatchet, for it's frozen as hard as a Stone. ;. , > . When * 100 A Vcffigi imo Nortlr^iaerica.' When that is done, they found the Pon4» and wfaere< foeverchey find a hole, they break the Ice for fear the Cajion (hould hide themfelves under It \ lb dri< vlng them from place to place, at laft they force them into the Net. They labour extream hard ia this manner from Morning till Night without eatbg any thing, and for all that do not taice above three or fourCtf/orx. . ^ The Savages take al& in the Spring thefe Bcalls with Traps in the followTng manner. When the Ice begins to thaw, they obferve the Cafiarh Paflagc,and fet a Trap there j they bait that with a branch of the Afpin Tree, which reaches from the Trap into the Water. When the Cajior finds, he cats it even m the Tra]^, and then falls upon two great Logs of Wood which kill him. They take the Martens al- raolH in the iame manner, with this difference only, that they put no Bait for them. ^ All the Southern Nations towards the FLiver MeJ^ chaftpi are more fuperftitious in their hunting than the Northern People, and particularly the Iropet, Whilltl was among them, their old Men,iix days be* fore the hunting of the wild Bulls, fent four or five of their moft expert Hunters upon the Mountains te dance the Calumet with as many Ceremonies, as a- mongfl the Nations to which they are wont to fend EmbafTies, to make fome Alliance. At the return of thefe Men, they openly expofed for three days toge- ther one of the great Caldrons they had taken from us : They had wreathed it round about with Feathers of divers Colours, and laid • a Gun a-crofs over it. For three days together the chief Wife of a Captain carried this Caldron upon her Back, with Flowers in great Pomp, at the head of above two hundred Hun- ters: They all followed an old Man who had faftned one of our Indian Handkerchiefs to the end of a Pole like a Banner, holding his Bow and Arrows 9 he marched with great Gravity and Silence. *1thi8 .^rb^ig^>^^(> North America/ foi* This old Man loade the Hunters halt three or four iiRies; to lament bitterly the Death ofthofe Bulls ikeifhofPd Cfk kill. At the lafl: Stage where the/ idM| the most antient of the Company fenc two of thtir nimble(l Hunters to difcover wild Bulls. They vrhifpered foftty to them at their return,before they began the hunting of thefe Beafts. Afterwards they made u Fire Of Bulls Dung dry*d in the Sun, and with this Fii^ they ligBted their Pipes or Calu- wtfi, to fmoakthetWo Hunters which had bcenfirit tom^e the DifcOvcry.Prcrently,after this Ceremony wasoter,' a hundred Men w^nr on one fide behind the Mountain, arid a hundred on the other, to en- coittpafs the Bulls, which were in great numbers t They killed a great many in ConfuHon with their Arroyrs, and We Europeans feven or eight with Shot. Theft Barbarians 40 wonderfully admire the effcft of our Guns: They heard tW^Report, but did not fe^ the Bullets, and they thought it was the Noife that killM them ; they laid their Hands on their Mouths, to (how how much they wereaftonifhM,^nd cryM out, Manja Ouacancbe^Yfhkh lignifics in the Language of the IJfati^ this Iron does harm to Men and Beafts : We do not know how it comes to pafs, but we cannot fufficiently admire how the Noife of this/ound Inilrument breaks the Bones of th6 largeft "Beaft -' '^'' '^' ' ''■ ' " :' It was no CWal) iiiatter ofld^ Savages flea the Bull, and get it in pieces; they had neither Knives ilor Hatchets, but fome few they had l^ole from usj and yet they did it dextcroufly with the Point of their Arrows, which was made of a (harp Stone ; Afterwards they took Stones,and broke the Bones, and with them they feparatcd one piece from another. After they had thus difmembrcd the Beaft, their Wives dry'd thciij in the Sun, and the Smoak of fmall Fire, upon wooden Gridirons. Ayhlle the Hunting lafts, they only cat the lntrals,and . ; the < 102 '^AVeyageint9 North 4meriau the worfb pieces ofthofe Beaiibs, and carry the beft , part home to their Villages, which are aboVC twotofti I dred Leagues from the place of hunting, ' cri A A xicv^Jf qfthir mmm off^ing: ^M'% ."I \m Harping iro-s, as they do in£«^M^'i ,Mv^^ ^^ them fifli in a very pleafant Ofani^^r t TheyM^a Fork of Wood with two Grains or Points, aflflu Gin to it, almoft the {ame way Cl^4t in Fr^ytc^ll^ catch Partridges : Mt^r they pu^ .ft;ih th6 W^ij^ and when the Fiih, wi^ch are inireatefr nl^iiqf K^ far than with thus, go to pafs th^rpugh^ ano find tiiny are entred into the Gin, they ihdj^ C6|etnbt. (msf^ of Nippers or Pinchers, and catch the E^ilh by'thje GUIs. V . ^ !)V J The Itcoimts in the fifhing fealon fometimej| xms, ufe of a Net of forty or fifty fathom long, which thty put in a great Canov \ after the/ call ic in an oViu Form in convenient places in th6 Rivers. I have often admired their dexterity in this Affair. *3(*hcnr take (bmetimes four hundred white F^h, l)eiide$jdia- ny Sturgeons, which they draw to the Bank of the River with Nets made of Nettles. Tofifh in this manner, there mult be two Men at each end of the Net, to draw it dexteroufly to the fhdar. They take likewife a prodigious quantity of Fi(h in the River of Niagara^ which arc extrcamly Well tailed. The Filhcry is fo great in this pface, that it*s capa- ble to furnilh with Fifh of fcveral forts the grcatqft Qty in "Europe. ^ It's not to be wonder 'd at. The jpl continually fwim up the River froni the Sea tow^tf^' Ihc Sr|^tf^ii/»/a North Am |a) ihe Spriiigi, to find convenient pkces to fpaWti in; The RiTttr of St. JLaurme receives in this part of jfi^ara an infinite quantity of Water from the four great l.akesof which we have ihoke^ and which may properly be called Uttle freih*water Seas. Tliis great dduge of Water tumbling furioufly over tk^ greatefl: and moft dreadful Leap in thie World, an lofinite. number of Filh take great delight to fj^wn here, and as it were ftagnate here, becaufe they can^ not get over thb l^uge Cataradt So that the quan- tity taken here is incredible. Whilli: I was in the MifEon of the Fort ^rmtmiff I went to fee thb Leap, which comes from a River ia the North, and faih into a grtat Baffin of the L4ke Ontario^ big enough to hold a hundred Men of Wji:*- Beingthere, I taught the Savrages to catch F^b yfith their Hands: IcanfedTrees to be cut down i in the Sj^ring, and to be rolled down to the Bank of the River, that I might lie upon them without wetting and after I thruft my Arm into the Wate*^ up me to the£lbow, where 1 found a prodigious quantity of Filh of different Sj^cies ^ I lakf hold on them by the GiUs, gently ftrolung them ^ and when I had at feve- ral times taken fifty or iixty large Fi(h, I went to warm and refrelh me, that I might return fr.efher to the Sport : I calt them into a Sack which a Savage held u his hand. With thefe I fed above fifty Irofmit Families of Ganneottffe^ and by the aimtance of Monfieur de laSalkj taught them to ^lant the Indian Com, and to inftruft their Children in theChriAian Religion at the Fort Frontenac, The moft confiderable Filhcry of the Savages is that of Eels, which are very large, of Salmons, and Salmon-trouts, and white FiQi. The Fifhery of the Iroquois jignies which are near NexQ Tori, is of Frogs, which they take, and put them whole into their CaW drons without skianing them, to fcafon their Si^th ffi'fte^ which is a fort oi Pottage made of Indian Corn. 'H ~i i«4 "A V^ into lA^J^m^ The S^mon-trouts are taken id numy oth«r places of fhe Rivers which fall into the Lake of Drmtnae : There are there fuch quantities of them, tfeit thty kill f hem with Sticks. They take the Eels in the Ni^ht when it's calm : , thefe come down all along the River of St. Lamme^ and are taken in this manner. The Savages put a large Bark of the Birch-tree, with fome Earth upon the end of a Stake, after which their light a fort of a Flambleau which gives a clear Light y after tiiat one or two go into a CanoWf with a Harping-Iron pkcttd between the two Grains of a.little Fork : when they fee the Eels by the light of the Fire, they itrike an hifinite quantity of them, becanfe the great whhe Borpofes which purluethem make them ny towards the Bulks of the River where the JPorpofe cannot fol-^ loWybecaufe of the (hallo wnefs of the Water. Thej take^Salmons with Harping-Irons, aind the white FHh witn Nets. The Southern People which dw^U upon the River Mefibafipi are fo crafty, and have ibch quick and piercing Eyes, that tho' the Fifh fwim very faft, they will not fall to ftrike them with Darts a great depth in the Water,which they fkoot with a Bow. Befides, they haye long Poles (harp at one end, which they dart moftdexteroufly : In this manner they kill great Sturgeons, and Trouts, which are feven or eight h* thorn in the Water. ' i .03 • • 'hlM: «■**«> ! %lfn" CHAP, xxvir. Of the Vtenfih of the Savages in their Cabins ; and of the extraordinary manner they ftrike Fire, BEfore the Earopeans arrived in the North Ant- rica^ the Savages of the North and the South made ufe ( as they do even to this day ) of Pots of Earthy Carth V efpecially thojetl^at hgye no Commerce w itti the Europeans, ana can pro.cure no Caldrons o r Ok- tber Ucenfils ; In^(^d of Hatchetis And Knives, they make ufe^^ of Jharp St6nes^ whit:h .they tie with Thongs of Leather in the end of a cleft Stiqk. In- fteadof Awls, they make ufe of a certain Iharb Bone, w hich is above the Heel of the Elk : Thty h avc no Fire- Arms^ but only make ufe of Bovrs and Ar* rows. , ,, ..,,,•, For to make Fire in 4 neyr tiianner^ new^ and quite unknown to us, they takq a Triingle of Cedat Wood, of a foot and half, iin which they make fome Holes of a fmall depth : After they take.a Switch or little Stick of hard Wood j thev twirl it between both their Hands in the Hole, ana by the ^ick Mo^ tion, produce a kind of Dud or Meal) which is con- vertecl into Fire ; after they pour out this white Pou« der upon a Bunch of dried Hcrbsiand rubbitig all toge^ ther, and blowing upon this Ponder, which is upoii the Herbs, the Fire blazes in a moment. When they would make Platters^ or woodeii Spoons, or Porringers, they drill their Wood with their (tone Hatchets, and hollow it with Fire, and do after fcrape it, and polilh it with a Bevei^s Tooth. . The Northern Nations^ who have commonly vc-i ry (harp Winter, make ufe of Rackets to go over the Snow ; they make them of the Thongs of ^kinai cut out as broad as little Ribbons^ neater t!.an our tennis Rackets : Thefe Rackets have no handles; ai thofe of the Tennis Court, but they are longer and broader *, they leave in the middle a Slit the breadcK of their Toes^ that they may be at more liberty td walk with their favage Shoes : They will perform i greater Journey in a Day, than without them. With* out cheie Rackets they would fink into the SnoW, which is commonly fix or feven foot deep,and fomc- times more* in W inters in fome places it's higher B b' tharf / 10^ ^f^^i/^ie^'No^ih America. than the higheft Houfes in Europe^ being ^riTtn into Mountains by the Wind. Thofe Sarages which are near the £uropeam|' have atprefent duns. Hatchets, Caldrons, Awls, Knives, Tongues, and fuch like Utenftls. To plant their Indian Corn, they make ufeof Pickaxes of Wood, for want of thofe of Iron: They •have large Gourds in which they put the Fat of Bears, wild Cats, &c. There is none but has his leather Bag ftn his Pipe and Tobacco. The Women make Bags of the Rind of Linden Tree, or of Ruflies^ to put their Corn in : They make Thrcd of Nettles^ and of the Bark of the Line Tree,aad of certain Roots, whofe Names I Know not. To few their favage Shoes they make nfe of very fmall Thongs : They make likewife Mats of Buirufhes to lie upon ; and wh^n they have none, they make ufe of the Barks of Trees. They Twatbe their Children as the European Women do, with this only difference, that they make ufeof fwathing^ands of large Skins, and a fort of Cotton, that they may not be too hot: After cncy have fwathed them, they tie them upon a Board, w Plank with a Skin Girdle ; after they hang this Flank upon the Branch of a Tree, or in fbme place of their Cabin, fo that their little ones never lie in Bed i they bang perpendicularly : And to the end their Urine may not hurt them, they place conveni- ently a piece of Birch-tree Bark , fo that it runs a- way as it were in a Gutter, and touches not the Child's Body. Thefe Women have fo great a care of their Chil- dren, that they avoid all carnal Commerce with their Husbands, rill the Child be three or four Years oldt The European Women do not fo, bccaufe *tis eafic to lupply the defed of the Mother's Milk, with the Milk of Cows, and other domeltick Animals*, but they have none of this Ibrt of Cattel : They avoid therefore the Commerct of their Husbands while they V* 'A Pivsg0Mio North Atnfirltt. iti they are Nurf^ 9 for if they fboulajxrcfye withcluldt Uqr lafaftt^ woold^dQubtedly pfr^iK they having nothing rutabif for a Child of &ven or eighth Monthf ^ Tne Savag^ which have Commeri:e witli .the En* ropeans, bed|(i to make ufe of iron ^rook&and Potr books* wHicp they liang upon a ^tick^ which refti opon two-form 5^c]i;s fi^ed in the Ground t tine thofe thajHiavtiio dommercp^ mm^ de^of the Brnif > ches of Trees |o hang their earthen Pots upon to boil their Victuals. •kriki C H A I*. XXVIli. Of the. Manner of their Interring their Dead : Ofthit fejtivat of the Dead^ with fonie Refle&iom on tbf immortality of the Soul, THe Savages bury their Dead with the greateft Magnificence they can devife, efpeciail/ their Relations, and ptarticularly their Capuins,^ or Heads^ bf their Clans or Tribes : They put on their bed At- tire, and paidt their Face and Body with all forts bf Colours. They put them in a fort of Coffin made of the fiark of Trees, and they poljfli the out* fide neatly with light Pumice Stones ^ and they make a Place wnere they bury them in the manner of i Maujoleum^ which they encompafs round about with Stakes or PalUadoes twelve or thirteen ibqt hi^h. Thefe Moidaleun^ are commonly ereded m the raoft eminent Place of their Savage Borough. They. fend every Tear folemn Embaffies to their neigh* bouring Nations, to folemnize the Fealt of the Dead. All the People of the Northern America fpare no- thing CO honour their dead Friends and Relations, whom they go to lament : They make Prcfcnts c- ftcemcd among them very confidcrablc, as GirdlesJ rfbi d/cd io8 A Vcjtgt into Nonh; AnMtrka*^ d^ecfivith Sea-purpje, and Pipes inadevrith the moft predous Stoneii^ichat cart be f Chieftains, that had been bit by one of thefe Ser-' pcntsj They iaid to me. Spirit^ for {o thejucall all Europeans^ we fought after you^ and the ocher ! two Spirits your Companions ; but we were fo un-i fortunate, that we could not find you ^ leave us no' more, we'll take care of you for the future : if you , bad been with us, our Chieftain, who you fee dea well aired, nor (b ftrong as that of Martineco; 6f which I made them alYefent, I made them nnderftand, that I gave it them to fmoak, and hot to the deceafed, becaufehe had no need of it. Some of thofe Savages prefbnt gave me an attentive Eac, and were^^wd with my Difcourie of another Life *, others faid in their Language, TefoPmti^ which is as much as to fay very mB: Afterwards they ^ them down, and fell a fmoaking, taking no further notice of my Difcourie. ' I obferved that the Tears which they Ihed, and the Ceremonies they pra6;ifcd,as rubbing the Dwand with Bears Far, and fuch like things, were rather the Effe^ of Cuftom, derived to them by Tradition, Which fecms to retain fomething of Jodaifm, than of any ftrong Attache they have for them. 1 do not abfolucely defpair of the future Salvation of thefe Barbarians. I believe God will raifc np f ime proper means to cnlighen them with the Light or the Gofpei \ for his Holy Gofpel is to be preached tf> ail the world before the Day of Judgment* CHAR s A Vcy^e into North Amerkfit Iff CHAP. rxt^. ^*'^ 1 kfus Aifigs tbey beiieve. y* I Always obTcrvcd t!i« the ftrongcH Amiiiicntt than canbcbtought for tbcGon^^crlioii Wiifidds are of rio vahie till Cod give a Blellihg. How D^ll they believe in him whom they have not heard fpe^ ^ fays St. Tai4. HoW Qiall they underftahd, if foine da not preach to them ? And how Iball they preadi if they be not fent ? The found of the Apoftles is gone dirouigh the World, and their Words arc heard evci^ to the ends of the World. I ardently beg that the found of the ^ucceflbrs of the Apoftles may bring m the Paftnres of Life that Infinite number of Savages which I have fc^n in my Travels. Great pains bav« t)ecn taken a lonjg time, but as yet no confiderable progrefs is made, for tfie generality of them arc ftrongly fixed in their Supcrftitions. ' Thefe Barbarians are oi* more ftperftitious thai^ another, the Old Men clijecially -, and the Womea' moft obilinately ^cts^in tbe Traditions of their Ancef-! torSi Whtn I told'thcm it was a Foolery to believe ib many preams and Fancies; they ask'd me how old I was ? You are riot above thirty five or forty years pld^and do you pretend to know more than our An- iient Men ?. Gb,go,yoii know nOt what you fay ; yoii rnay kr*ow what paflcs in your own Country, becaufe your Anceftors have told you, but you cannot tell what has pafled in ours, before the Sfirits^ that's to fay the Europeans, came hither. I reply'd to thefe Barbarians, that we knew all by the Scripture,which the great Mafter of Life has giveri us by his Son : that this Son died to deliver Men from a place where burns an eternal fire, which would! have been their lot, if he had not come into the B b 4 World lit A ITcjiigtinto^otAi America;^ World to lave us lirom Sia^nd from Death ; that all Mankind were Silvers in AAcm^ the tirft Man of the World. Thefe Savages, who have a large (hare of tbmmon Senfe, often ask'd me, Did you ^Jfriirib know of our being here before you came hither ? I anfwer- cd them. No : You do not learn therefore all things by Scripture , it tells you not all things replyM they. It requires a great deal of time to (hew them the f alHty ot their Superllitions, and much more to per- fwade them to embrace the Verities of the Gofpel: There's none but God can do it by the lln<5lion of bis Grace and Holy Spirit. But for all this the Evan- gelical Reapers muft not defert the Harveft. A time fvill cortie that Men will prefer the Interefts of Jefus Chrilt, before their own : then there will be but one Shepherd, and one Sheepfold. There are many of the Savages that make the Sto- ries of their Antients the fubjedt of their Raillery, but others believe them. I have formerly given an accouhtof the Sentiments they have of their Origine, and of the Cure of their Maladies. Ihey have fome Sentiments of the I m mortality of the Soul. They fay there is a delicious Country towards the Weft^where there*i go6d Huntiiig, and where they kill as many Beads as they pleafe. It's thither they fay their Souls ^0. '■ They hope to fee one another there. ' But they are yet more ridiculous, in believing that the Souls of Caldrons,Guns and other Arras, which they place near the Sepulchre of the pcad, go with them to be hiadeufebtin the Cbontry of Souls. * ' A young Savage Maid dying after Baprifm, die Mother feeing one of her Slaves at the point of Death, faid, my Daughter is all alone in the Country or the dead, among the Europeans, without Relations, iind without Friends : The Spring is at hand \ it's time to fow the Indian Corn, and Citruls, or Pompions \ baptize my Slave, fays (he, that (he may go and ferve my X^aughtcr ih the Country of the Europeans. 4 A Savage Woman beiJog at the lalt GafpyCrie^ oot (hat (he woqld tiot be baptized, for the Savages tha( diePhriitiansarebnrnedinthe Q>pntry of Souls by ifhe Europeans. Some of them told me one dayi that we baptized them to make them our Slaves in 'he o- ther World. Others asked me, if there was gpod Hunting in the Cpuntry, whither their dying newly baptized Infants were gqine ? When I anfwer'd them, that thfy ^ve4 there without eating and drinking, becaufe they are tnere (atiated with the t^bntemplar ponof the great Mafter of Life: We will not go thither^ iay they, becaule pe jnuft eat. If we reply that they will have no need aI Food, th^ clap their trands upon their Mouths iiM^n of Admiration, and fay, you are a great Liar ^ Can one Uve without eating ? A Savage told us one day this Story : One of our old Men, fays he, being dead, and being come to the Country of Souls, he found there lirlt Europeans that carelTed him, and made much of him ^ after he cam« to the place where his Country-men were, who like- wife received him very kindly : There were Feafts there everv day, to which the Europeans were often invited ^ tor there are mere neither Qparrels nor War : After this old Man had taken a full view of the Country, he returned home, and recounted all his Adventures to thofe of his Nation. We asked the Savrage if he believed this Story ? He anfwered. No, that their Anceilors related it, but they might tell a Lie. Thefe People admit fome fort of Genius in every thing ; they all believe one Mailer of Life, but they make divers applications of it. Some have a lean Crow, which they carry alway about with them, and which they call their Mailer of Life. Others have an Owl, others a Bone, Tome the Shell of a Fifli, and fuch like things. When they hear the Owl hout, they tremble, and take it for an ill Omen. They are great b«- II 4 .^ ^ North America, believers rf Dreams. They go onto tJicir Baths to |it«CDre good weather for Hunttt^. They never ^ve the Bones of Severs or Otters to their Dogs. 1 asked them the r eafon ; they anfwered me, that there wasanOtloif, or Spirit, in the Wood, which fFbuld tell the Bevers and Otters, and after that they would catch none. Tasked them what that Spirit was ^ they anfwered me that it was a Woman that knew every thing, who was the Lady of Hunting. Bat the grji^te(fc part of them do not believe theHp Fables. Whilfb ! was in the Mtfllon ofFrmpiac^ a Savage Woman was poirone4 ^li^ the Wood by accident : The Hunters brought hir Into her Cabin \ I went to fee her after fhe was dlllf- ^ I heard them difcourfing near the Body of the Dead \ they faid they had feen upon the Snow the winding Trads of a Serpent which cam'e out of her Mouthy They related this very ferioufly. While they were difcourfing thas, anol4 ibperftitious Beldam faid, fhe had feen the i^rit that kad killed her. I have feen a Boy of about eighteen y^ars oM, who Mieved himfelf to be a Girl', and this Fancy wrought fo llroAgly upon him, that he a^ed ail things accord- ingly : He habited himfelf like a Gir^ and employed kimfelfln their fort of work. A Sayage which we had decoyed into the Fort, and who wai the Chief o( his Village, told me one day that Onontio^ which is ^he name they give to the Governour-Gencr4 otCanaday who at that time was the Cotint of Fron- unac^ would come fuch a day, when the Sun was in fuch a place : which precifely came to pafs as he had faid. This fame old Man, who was called Ganmoufe Kiiera^ that is to fay, the heardetl^ was ilie only Man of a!l the Savages which I faw with a Beard. The People of tile Northern Amtrm commonly pluck a- way the Beard when it is but down, and for this rea- fon they have no Beard i. I mufl confefs I knew not • ' ' what 'J T<0%^ ^^^^ Nqth America. 1 1 ; what to ^i when t faw the Gdaiit dtr Frpti^ac arrive. This Man hadhetrd nonewsi^fen any Body, s Wbc« I askM bim how he came to know it ( he (aid li^ had learned it of a Jugler who pretended to forM things. But 1 believe their Predidion$ are ratiier the tWiB. of Hazard, than of any Commerce they have with theOevil. ■OTP>a"MM«B^M|Bf« •mmr* ' C^H A P. XXX. -. Ofibt Obfiackt that are fimd intbf Ccnvefjfton ' ed of what is propofed. But after having approved all thepitcoor^fes upon thefe Matters \ they pretend likewile on their fide, that we ought to pay all poflible Deference to the Rehi- tions and Rea^nings that they make on their part. And when we make anfwer. That what they tell us is falfe ; they reply, that they have ac- quiefced to all that we niid,and thatit's want of Judg- ment to interrupt a Man that fpeaks, and to tell him that he advances a falfe Propofition. All that yon have taught touching thofe ot your Country, is as you (ay : But 'tis not (he fame as to us, who are ot another Nation, and inhabit the Lands which aie en this fide the great Lake. The fecond Obftacle which hinders their Conver* lion, - ^'':yy^-< . ii6 JVifji^e ifftai^onhAitiitm. (ion, proceed from their great Superftitjpn, as we have infinuated before. The third Obftade confifts in this, that they ace not fixt to a place. While I was at Fort Frontmac^ Vzther Luke Buifet^ and my felf, were employed 4 great part of the Year to teach many Children our. ordinary Prayers^andtoread in the /rv^Moii Language; their Parents afTifted at the Service in the Chappel : they life up their Hiinds to Heaven, and kneeled, beating their Breafts, and behaved themfeives with great refpedt in onr Prefence. They feemed to be moved with our Ceremonies ; but they did fo to pjeafe us, and their only aim Teemed to be to get feme Prefents from (he Europeans. But in cafe they had bad ibme laudable Defign,they would quickly have renounced it, becaufe they ftay no longer in their Villages than till Harveft be over, which is but a fmall time : All the reft of the Year they pafs in Wars and Hunting. Then they carry their Families with them, andareabf^nt eight or nine Months : Their Children then, which have begun to learn (bmething, forget all, and fall to their former Superflitions and methods of living. Bclides, their Juglers,and their old Superftitious Men, minding no- thing but their kitereft, endeavour to create in th^m a hatred towards us, left they (hould believe what we teach them. The Merchants who deal commonly with the Sa* vages, with a defign to gain by their TralHck, are likewife another Obftacle : St. jlugufiim long fince faid of ihtm^Cminuaefi in iUis mtdimio dolifi'tritura mendacti ; 1 hey Chink of nothing but cheating and lying, to become rich in a fbort time. They ufc all manner of Stratagems to get the Furs of the Savages cheap. 1 hey make uie of Lies and Cheats to gain double if they can. This without doubt caufes an averlion againft a Religion which they fee accompa- nied by the ProfcObrs of it with fo many Artifices and Cheats. It I • A Vcjifgs into North Afnerica. 117 It muft likewife be confefTed, that there are fome Miffionaries which in part hinder the progrefs. It's hard t6 learn their Languages, they being fo different one ifrbm another, that they are nothing iikei» There is then required a great deal of time to be able to teach them the Myit^ries of our. Religion; and nnlefi the Holy Ghoft infpire extraordinarily, little Fruit is to be expeded ftpm thefe barbdrbtts People. Befides, the different methods thit are ufed to in* flru(% them, retafrd much their Converiion. One be- gins by the Animal part, and another by the Spiritu- al. There are diverfity of Beliefs among the Chriftir ans; every one abounds in his own Senfe, and be- lieves his own Faith the pnreft, and his Method the heft. There ought therefore to be an uniformity in fielid^ and* Method, as there is but one Truth, and one Redeemer, otherwife theie Barbarians wiU not know what to refolve. I put a great deal of difference between the zeal and inde&tigable pains of the Miflioners, and the pretended Succefles which are vaunted of in the World. They who are abfolutely difingdged from the love of Riches, and who have been in the Miinoti' among the People of the Southern Amerka^hgYt with* out doubt made a great progrefs in thole Countries. There are forty or fifty Provmccs of our Ordcr,where the publick Service is performed. They are in pof* fefllon to Preach with Authority, after having de- ftroycd Idolatry. But we muft confefs, that thofe wlx) have labour* ed In the Northern America have not had the fame progrefs. They have made it their »pplicaUon to civilize thofe barbarous People, and make then> ca- pable of fomething of Policy, They have endeavour- ed to put a (top to the Current of their Brutal Sal- lies, and fo prepare the way of our Lord : not-i withltanding we muft confefs they have made little.' Progrefs. The barbarous Nations, by 1 know not what y 1 1 $ A l^ffft^i Mi0 North ^iJlifeHcih Hrhdt fatality of Intereft^ are almof^'as Sava^, ^od hiire at^eat aa Attache to their antient Maxims, to :Glttttony^ Pride, Curfing and Cnielty, and a thou, fimd other abominable Vices as eveti , . , , ^ They are the &mf , they were forty y6irs ago, an4 above: And yet many Books are pablUhed'ofthe great Con?eruons of the Irowofx av^ilitirons, W^ were told for certai4)# that tnele^rbarlans had built as many Churches and Chappeb as they had ddlroy-^ that thtyl remair^ inexcuiable at the day of Judgment) fiaving refined Ip clear Convictions. |^^^ > Beit as it will, every day a great many Children are baptized, and firnie grown Mfn on their Death- beds if they defire it, which is a great f(ep to E- ternky i But as to thofe in Health^iy are converted^ and fewer perfcvere. But the Pains, and the entire Sacrifice of the Life of a Miilionary, would be well employ *d^ and glorioufly recompensed, if they bad had i:he Happinefs to convert and ^ve one only Soul. The principal and moil; afiuted part of a ^illionef condlts in the Adminiftration of the Sacraments to thofe who go to barter among the Savages. And we may to our fhame truly fay, that as ibon as the Furs and the Severs begin to ^row fcarce amon^ the Sa- vages, the Europeans retire, and not one is to be found. The Savages reproached us with it once in the Prefence of Monfieur the Count de Pronienac, in full Council, at the three Rivers of Canada^ laying, While we have Bevers and Furs, he that prayed was with us; he inftru(fted our Children, and taught them their Prayers and Catechifm ; he was infepara- blc t AVcyiige into l^onh AttierksLk 119 Ue from usya^uliioiEiwedais {bmetimes at oof Fcaft% but; vfk%n the Merchaiuliz^,.fa^od, thefe Miifioncrs ttiougbt thiey could oo no further Service; tmong us. . . . ' , ■ ^ -r ■■:'^y- . It's pkewife true, that the greate^purt of ;Cholb Mifldons which were elkibli(hed above fortf Yiars ago have failed: Witnelsthofe of the great Bay of SC» Lawrence, of Biftigtmh^ of Niftfigmt^ of ASthu^ Cape ireten^ Porhroyalj of the Aiver^o^, of ^» Cape of St. May Majgdaien^ of the three Rlvert; and many more which were eftabliihed am^ng the Hurotu at the head of this River. Thofe that were MilQonaries in thoie Parts, thought good to quit them, and even T^iio^j/^^ it felf, to eftaUiih themr ^tUeidtCbigoutimit if God give me Health and Life, in x third Time ni give an account of other Obftades more confidcr? rable, which hinder the propagation of the Gofpel : . 1^ only (ay in this place, that thofe.that would em* ploy thcmfeLves to the purpule in thofe Parts in thiA painful Miniff ry, muft tread under foot the Richei of the World, and content themfelvcs with a mean SublKlence, according to the Dodrine of the Apo^ illes. \ \ — ■ -" MIMMI' CHAP. XX^K Of the barkarpus and uncivil Manners of the Savages TH E Savages have fmall reg^d to the Qviiities of Burof 9 I They make a Mockery of the Civi» Uties we u(e one to another : When they come to a place^ they feldom falute thofe that are there : They fit upon their Breech, and haye no regard even to thole that come to vific them. They enter into the firft Cabin they itteet wisb,without fpeaking a word : Tt^y> Qke a Seat where they can, and after light their ISO 'A Vcynff into Nocth Aiheri^J their Pipe or Calumet : They »fmoak without (ayinft luy thing, and even fo go away again* When they ent^r into a Honfe built and fiirmflied after the European Mode^ they takie the chief place i If tlip-e be a Chair before the middle of the Fire,' they feize upon it, and never rife ^p for any body, tho' he were a Prince or a King. Jhej Ibofc upon themfeives as the beft Men of the World. In the Northern Parts the Men and Women hidd nothing but their Kakednefs ^ all eUeisexpoMto view. The Savages of the South are quite naked, haviflgOfidtthe lead fentiment of Shame: They do the N^eeeffides of Nature before all the World, without the leaft fcruple, and without regard to any M«a. They treat their Elders with great Incivility when they are out of Council. The common Dif- touVie both of Men and Women is down-right Bawdy* But as to the Commerce which Men have with their Wives, for the molt part it's in private : But fometimes it's done with fo little Precaution, thdt they are often fur prized. Befides, the Savages ob- ferve none of the Rules of that natural Houefty which is ufed among the Europeans of both Sexes^ They never pradice any Carefles or Endearment, which are coc^mon among the People of £Mrofe^ all is done grofly, and with a great deal of Brutality. They never wafl^tlieir Platters made of Wood of Bark, nor their Spoons. When the Savage Women have cleaned their little Infants with thdir hands, they wipe them very fuperficiallyupona iuece,.of Bark, after which they will handle the Meat that they eat. This often turned my Stomach, that 1 could not eat with them when I was invited to their Cabins. They feldom or never wa(h their Hands or face. The Children (hew but fmall Rcfpedt to their Pa- rents : Sometimes they will beat them without being chalbifed -'^..>- chaftifed fojb it ; for they think Corredibh would in- timidate thetn^ and make them bad Souldiers. They; eat fometimes fnufflbg and blowing like Beails. A^ foon as they enter into a Cabin, they fall a fmoak- ing. If they lind a Pot covered^ they make no diffi* CDltjr to take off the Lid^to fcb what's irt it. TJiey eat in the Platter Where their dogs haVd eaten, without wiping it. Whe^l they eat fat Meat, thejir rob their Hands u^ their Face and Hair to cleaii ihcm : They are perpetually belching; Thofe that have trucked ^hir^ with the Eufopef ans, never wafh them ^ they tomttionly l^t them rpt on their backs : They fcldom cut their Nails t ThcjT feldom waih the Meat they dred. Their Cabins iii the North are commonly htchy. I was furprizea one day to fee an old Woman bite the Hair of 4 Child, and eat the Lice. The Women are not; dOiamed to make water before all the World : bu^ they had rather go a League in the Woods than any body fliould fee them go to (tool. When the Chil<|^ dren havepifled their Coverlets, they call away their plTs with their hands. One may often fee them eat lying iilong like Dogs, in i word, they ad every thing bi*utally. , , For ail that, there are ihany things foiiiid aiiipn^ them honeft and civil When any one enteirs into their Cabins^ when they are eating, they coihmonly prefent him with a plate-fall of Meat, and they are cxtreamly pleafed when all is eaten that th^y give; They had rather fafb two days Without Victuals, thaii let you go without heartily prefenting you witt^ part of all they have. If by chance the Portions be diftributcd when one comes in, the Wife who riiakes! the Diitribution orders the matter fo, tfiat file gmi Ihare to the NeW-comer. ^ ^ , Some Savages prefented us the fineft Mats, and the! belt place in the Cabin, when we paid them a Villt: ' Thofe who frequent the Company of Europeans; fa- C c luc^ 1 2% J VoyAge into North America^ lute us when they meet us. It's Ukewife die Guftoni of thefe People to return Prelent for Present. Altho they (hew fmal] Refped to their old Men^ yet they have a great Deference for their Counfeb. They follow them exadly, and confefi that they have more Experience, and know Afiairs better than themfel^^es. If an antient Man fhould lay to a young Man by way of ^proach, before others^ Thou haft no IVity he would prefently go and poiion himfelf^ they are fo fenlible of Ignominy and OKgrace. In the AiTembiles which are held for debating their Af- fairs, the young People dare not fay a word unlefs ^ey be asked. In their Feaih they often give to the moft confi* derable of the relb the whole Head of the Beafl: wt^ich they have killed, or the belt portion of what hdrelTed: They never eat on the 0ime Plate, unlefi it be in War, for then they obferve no mea- sures. They have a gr«at Deference for the old Men, in that they leave them the whole Govern- ment of Affairs, which iselteemed honourableanlong them. There are few that falute after the mode of £«ro^^ I knew a Savage who was called GaroigmtiCt which is as much as to fay, the Sun that moves j, he one day made an Harangue before MonJleur the Count of Frontenac ; and every time he began a new Difcourfe, he took ofi^his Cap, and made aSj^ch like^Ora' tor. Another Captain of the Hpjo^oim feeing his little Daughter which he had given to the Count di Frontenac to be inftruded, faid very civilly to him, brmontio^ (for £a they caU the Governour of Canada^ Which word llgnifies a beautiful Mountain) thou arc the Mailer of this Girl *, order the bufinefs fo that (lie may learn to write and read well ^ and when /he grows great, either fend her home, or take her for a Wife. Which fliews you, that the Iroquois look upon themfelves as much as the greateft penons in the World ;* I AJ^djfi^ intdi Moifth Ameclca. i s j > 1 knew another kofi^s who wat called Aire there a^ id H^ons la' Bwrape that have fnch an Inclination fet- Colohies lis' the Englifh and thtBoSanders : The Genius of thofb People will nc £ permit them to be idle at home. So the valt Countries of America which I have defcribed^ may be tpade the Soul of their Commerce. Private Perlbns who (hall undertake it, without inter effiiig, their own Country, may bring it to a happy i6u^: They may ealily contrad Alliances with thb Savages^ and civilize them. The Colonies which they Ihi^ll eftablifli there will qnickly be well peopled, and they may fortify themielres there at a very fmall expencc j They may content themfclves at firft with a mode- ' rate Gain, but in a (hort time it will be extreamly confiderable. There are in England and poUrnd a great many ' forts of Merchandizes and Manufadures of all forts, which cannot be confumed upon the place, but in time here might be had a prodigious -utterance of them. And from hence one may better learn to un* ' deriland, than hitherto we havedone, the admirable Providence of God, whofe Will and Plcafure it was * that every Conntry in the* World Ihould not bee- qually furniihed with all things, to the end Society and Commerce between different Nations mieht be edablilhed, and the glad Tidings of the Golpei be divulged to the ends of the World. "} J It is fomething great and glorious to gain Bat<^ ; ties, and fubdue rebellious Subjefts ; but itV inH- * nicely more glorious to gain Souls to Chrill : And I ' niuft needs (ay, that the principal aim I propofe ^ in publifliing this great Difcovery, is to animate Chriftians to extend the Dominions of our Saviour, ' and to agrandize his Empire. lt*s certain, to return to ourDifcourfc of Trade and Commerce, that the Trade of Furs in the North C c 4 is |2|$ 'A Vn^ngOntQ^acA Amerka. 1% of infinite Profit and Adirantage. There are to be had Skins of lEiks or Orignaux^ as they are called i^Canadia^ ofBears* Bevers, of the white Wolf or LynXf of black Foxes, which are wonderfully beau* tinsL which were fometimes valued at fite or fix hundred Franks ; of common Foxes, Otters, Martens, Wild pats, wild Goats, Harts, Porcupines ^ of Tur-i Ities, which are of an extraordinary bigneG, Buftards, and an infinite of other Animals, whofe Names I know not. There may be catch'd, as I faid before. Sturgeons, Salmons, Piques, Carps, large Breams, Eels^ Sword«> fi(h, Gilc-heads, Barbels of an extraordinary bignels, and other forts of Fifli without number. There is infinite Gain for t - e Fowlers ; There is an infinity of Sea- Larks, which » *ump of Fat i There arePai» tridges, Ducks oi : *' rts, HuarS; a kind of Dot* trel, which inricates Mens Voices, which have an admirable diverlicy of beautiful Colours, Turtles, Ring-doves, Cranes, Herons, Swans, Buftards, which have arelifli of all forts of Meat when you eat them, and a great abundance of all fuch like Game. ' The great River of St. Laurence^ which I have often mentioned, runs through the middle of the Clountry of the iro^woi/,and makes a great Lake there Which they call Ontario, viz, the beautiful Lake; it's hear ipo Leagues long, and a vail number of Towns migbi be built upon it. Thefc places having Corre- fpondence with New Ttir*, judicious Perfons will ea- lily f^e of what vaft Profit the Trade will be ; and here it's to be obfcrved, that the ipiddle of this Ri- ver is nearer NervTork than Quthec, the Capital City of Canada, The River of St. Laurcwe on the South has a Branch which corpcs fyom a Nation which is called TMr Defgrofeliert Rochechouart^. with whom 1 was ofen in a Canoo du- ring my flay in Canada. The Englijh have given him a Peniion ^ and Mr. Blathwait^ firS; Secretary of War to WiUiam the Third King of England^ told me the lalt Year, that Sieur DefgrofiUers was then living in England. This Hudfoffs Bay is fi tuated on the North of New froHce^ and of the River of St. Laurence ; it has above four hundred Leagues Extent, and by Land it is not far from Quehn^ as it may be ooferved in my Charts : Notwithftanding we count it eight hundred Leagues from Quebec by the I^iver to the Sea. And the Na- vigation it felf has fomething of difRculty, becaufe of tiie continual Fogs. While I was at Quebec^ the Canadins told me that Steur Defgrofeliers allured them he had great trou- ble to get thither by reafon of the Ice, which wat fevcn or eight foot thick, which was driven from the Northward with wliole Trees, and the Earth it felf together. Birds were feen which had there builc their Nefli, 16 that they looked like fo many little lilands. 1 do not affirm that it's altogether juft m I }o A V0^9 lw$o Noreb America, have alTarcd me» that they have pii^ through ico fpr two Lfiagues together, and that it's* prodigioufli tliicky one piece upon another, dtiven fay the Windi ' higher than the Towers of great Okies. So that i^ are not to admire what Sea-men tell us, that npoa thofe great Banl» of Ice they have placed their For^ ges, and made Anchors * The BngWfli have in//i«{roN's-Bky the Forts of iVS*/. fm and Neufafuane, The Court of France ordered heretofore the Traders in Canada to drive the EngUfh 4 herjce ^ but they had notice of it, and prevented thejCiff^Mx, by fending four great Ships to their ailiftance. In the Countries to th^ North of the River of St. Laurence are found Mines of Iron and Steel, which wduld yield 40 or yo per Cent, There, are Lead« Mines which would yield hhoutio per Cent, and Cop- per which wonld yield 18 : And according to all ap- pearance there might be found Mines of Silver and Gold. Miners were Tent thither while I was there : but the French are too quick in their Enterprizes \ they would be rich too foon, and threw them up, be- caufe they did not prefently find what they fought for. Mejfmirs Genins^ the Father and the Son, who were fent thither to fee the W>ork go on, then told mc, that iince theCctipany di^uncrics of the Souths which may truly be called the Paradife of America^ we have made mention of all the Aninials, of which" we have 4|k>ke here above ^ but befides them, there are a great quantity of Bulls and wild Cows, which have a frifled Wool ^ they may be tamed and made fit for labour : befide they would ferve for Food, and might be (horn every Year like Sheep, and as good Cloth made of them as any in Europe, The Savages that dwell in thofe Countries were never able to deftroy thefc Beads, becaufe they> change their Country ac- cording to the fcafons. There are many Medicinal Herb;) which are not in Europe^ whofe EfFcfts are infallible, according to the Exfjcricncc of the Savages : They cuic with them I J 2 'A Voj/Mge into North America. them all forts of Wounds; the Tertian and Quartan Agnes ; fome of them purge well, and al^y the Pains in the Reins, and lucE like Maladies. There are likewile great quantities of Poifons, as the Rind of the wild Gourd, and others which they make ufe of to deftroy their Enemies. Serpents are common in ibme Parts, particukrhr Adders, / icks, and Rattle-fnakes ^ they are of a Prodigious length and ^gnefs, and bite dangeroufly poor Paflengers : But they have Sovereign Remedies againfl: t^eir biting. There are in thefe Countries Frogs of aftupendous bignefs, their croaking is as loud as the lowing of Cows. There are here all forts of European Trees, and many of different fpecies from ours, as 1 have already mentioned : Thofe are, for Example, the Cotton Tree, and many others. Thefe Trees take deep rooting, and become very tall, which fhews the good- nefs of the Soil. But the greateft advantage that may be drawn from our Difcovcry between the fro- zen Sea and New Mexico confiits in this, as I have faid, that by the means of thefe Countries of the SoutlL a PaHage may be found toCi^iif^and Ja^an withrat being obliged to pafs the Equinodial Line. CHAP. XXXIV, Of the Methods of the Savages in their Councils. Their crafty Policies aeainft their Enemies^ and thtir Cruelty againjl the Europeans \ and bow a flop may be put to them. IT often happens that the Savages exercife great Cruelties againfl: the" Europeans, when they pre- tend to have been infulted. Thefe Barbarians make Proclamation of War by three or four old Men in all their Villages ; They do it with fo loud a Voice, and r '^ ?; A V&fKigunio North Ameridk. i } }i itfid fo dreadful a Tone, that all that are in thefpr Ca« bins, as well Men as Women, tremble for fear. Prefently all the antient Men^ and all thole who are to (hare in their Coonfels, meet at one of thdi: great Cabins.where the Chief of their Nation dwells : There one of their Chiefs fpeaks to them always in this manner \ My Brethren, and my Nephews, one of fuch a Nation has killed one of our People. For tho' they have but a fmall occalion of DifcontenCi they alway give out they are killed : We mult then, fays the Chief, make War upon them, extirpate them, and revenge the Evil they have done. If all thofe that aflift at the Council anfwer one after ano- ther, Netho^ or Tozemkt ^ and if they fmoak in the Calumet^ or Pipe of War, whilib a little Savage takes care from time to time to ram it with Tobacco \ this is taken for an unanimous Confentof the Nation, and their Allies. Then one may fee from time to time Troops of Souldiers marching to furprife their Enemies, tho* they be often very innocent, and 'tis wholly upon the falfe fuggeHion of fome ill-minded Savage. One day the Iroquois pretending an Iniury done by a French- man oi Canada, they would not attack the whole Nation, but contented themfelves to difcharge their Fury upon two of them, whom they killed with Hatchets ^ after they tied their Bodies to great Stones, and caft them into the River to con* ceal this black Adion j and there had never be^a any thing known of it, if after fome time the Ropes* had not broke, and the River brought their Bodies to the Bank. The Savages perceiving that they were fufpeded, becaufe they were forbidden to come near the Fort and the Houfes of the Inhabitants, began to fear left the Cattddins fhould revenge this barbarous Adion : To prevent the Effefts of it, they went up to the thrqc Hivers, and held a Council of about eight hundred Mens 134 ^ V^^^ ^^(> North Amfiriot Meit i The Refuh of their AfTembly was, #itthey ihould endeavour to furpfize and cnt the Throats of all the People in Qt^ec^ the Capital Gty of Gami4d at that time but poorly inhabitodi « * W% hard to keep Secrecy in a Council of fb many Men at once, who without doubt were not all dt one fentiment : Providence ther^ore, that watched for the Coniervation of this little growing Colony pernoicced that one of the Savages, called Forkrt] whom ibme of our Order of St Frarteis had in- ftruded at the three Rivers two years together, who had a great kindnefs for them, gave Advice to one of out Friar?, called Friar Pac^cus^ who prefently gave notice to the Government. This ob%ed them to intrench themfeives in a little wooden Fort, for^ tifled with Stakes, and ill-ordered Palifadoes. This Savage was highly rewarded, and more was pro* mifed him, to oblige him not only to difcover their further Deiigns, but alfo to endeavour to divert them from their Enterprize againft the Canadins. This Savage acquitted himfelf very well of his Commifllon : He manag'd this Affair {b happily, that he not only made them to quit their former Defign, but fully pcrfwaded them to reconcile themfeives with the French, and to obtain ProVifions, of which they flood much in need at that time. The Savage? fent to this end forty Canoos with Women to fetch in provifions. The Camdim furnifhed them with as , much as the time would permit. The French received with n great deal of joy the Propofitions of Peace, which were made them iii full Council by the Savage Forme on the part of the Iroquois^ whom he had appeafed. They were told chat the Chiefs and Captams of the Nation ftiould give up the Murderers to the Canadins to difpofc of them as they thought good : To this effeft their An- tients Hiould have Orders to come to Quebec to treat on this Affair. -• *-^^ The The Pro|)ofition which fmere made to the Savages dd. thbSubjedli at firft frighted them; but after- ward! refle^ing upon the Weakneis, and the fnreet Tetnper of the French in Canada^ and relying upon: the Qredit of Father %fe^ Caton a Recoled, whom ttiey efteemed their Friend, they perfwaded one o£ the two who was the le(s guilty^ to go down with them to Qwbtc, In the mean time the Iroquois ot-^ dered their little Army to make a halt half a Leagne from the French Fort, to exped the Snccefs of the- Negotiation. The Jroqms prefented their Criminals to the Canadinsy with a quantity of Bever Robes, which they gave to wipe away their Tearsii according to their Cuflom. In effed they made up the BuJinefi by their Prefents : It's thus they commonly appeaie the Anger of thofe they have provoked, and en* gage their Allies^ make Peace, deliver Prilbners, and as I may fay, raife the Dead : In Ihort, there^s neither Propoial nor Anfwer, but by Prefents^ which ferve inftead of Words in theii Harangues. The Prefents which the Savages make for a Man who has been murderckl^are many ; but commonly it's not he that committed the Murder thatoffers them ; but the Cuflom is that it be done by his Parents, Townihip, or fometimcs by the whold Nation, ac- cording to the Qpaiity of him who was killed. If the Murderer be met with by the Parents of the Defund, before he has made latisfadion, he's put to Death immediately. According to this Cuflom, before ForierCy the Antients and Captains of the Savages began to fpeak, whomadea Prefehtof twelve £lk Skins iCo fweeten the Canadins, After they had treated, tliey made a fecond Pre- fent, and laid it at the Feet of the Canadins^ laying,^ It was to cieanfe the bloody Part of the Place where the Murder was comniitctd, protefting they had no knowledge of this Affair till it was done ^and that ill "" > 13$ . jir^i^iii#0Koitb America. all the Chiefs of the Nation had condemned the- At- tempt The third was to ftrengthen the Arms of thoK who had foiind the Bodies on the JBank of the River, and who had carried them into the Woods: They gave them alfo two Robes of Bever, to repofe upon, and refrefli themfelves after the Labour they had differed in burying them. The fourth was to wafli and deanfe thofe who were polluted with the Murder, and to obtain the Spirit again which they had loft, when they gav6 the unfortunate .Strdke. The fifth to ^fiace all the Refentments the CamuliHi might hsvt, Th& iixth was to make an inviolable Peace with the French ) adding, that for the future they would caft away their Hatchets, fo &r that they ihould never be found ^ which was as much as to fay, that their Nation being in perfect Peace with the Eu- ropeans, they would have no ufe of any Arms, only for Hunting. The feventh was to evidence the De- lire they had that the Canadins would have their Ears pierced ', which is to fay in their Language, that they would be open to the Swfetnef^of Peace, to par^^ don the two Murderers the Fillt they h»icommittedi They offered a Quantity of Chains of Sca-Purplc- Shells, to light a Fire of Counfel (as they phrafed it) at the three Rivers, where the Iroquois then were^ and another at Quebec. They added another Prefent of two thoufand Grains of black and bltiie purple, td fcrvc in Wood and Fcwelfor thefe twlo Fires. Here the Reader is to obferve, that the Sav^^e^ feldom have any aflemblies, but they have their Pij^ in their Mouth ^ Fire being necefiary to light their Pipes, they always have it ready in their Confults : fo that it's the fame thing among them to light a Fire of Counfel, as to aflenible to confult. The eighth Pre- fent was to defire a Union of their Nation with the Canadifu \ and then they offered a great Chitfn of Sea Purple, with ten Robes of Bever and ElKf to confirm all they bad laid. What-' J Voyngt ihto North America. i jy Whatlbever purpofe was made t^QMhec topuniih the Murderers, to prevent the likrMilehiefs for the future, they were obliged todefift from it, and paru don the Murderers \ bccaofe ihey were not in a con- dition to relilb fuch a powerful Enemy : fo all wasi concluded, and two Hoftages were demanded of the Savages for the performance of their Promifes. They put into Father 3^q/!?/>6'sHands two young Ito^mm^ Boys, called Ni^amon and Tebacbi^ to be inftru^ed^ In conclufiod, the guilty Perfons were fent bacic not* mthftandingt upon condition that at the arrival of the Shipft which were expeded from Emfc^ this Af- fair fhould have its firtal Decifion.rhi^' I remember when I wai in Canada^ I heard the French often murmur that this Affair was managed thus, and that the Murderers fliould avoid the Stroke of Jullice. After this the Iroquois committed a g^eat many fuch like Enormities, faying they Ihould bs quit for a few Skins of wild Beads, inftead of thofe oi the Panadins, whom they would flea ofT alive; and that thofe of their Nation would not fuffer fuch like Anions without a Ibtable Revenge, tho the whole Nation of the Iroquois ihould per lib to a Man. In efed): thefe Barbarians grew every day more in** folent upon it, and delpifed the Canadim^ as People of no Courage ; fo that whatfoever Face they put upon the Matter in their Treaty, it was only done out of Pilicy to advantage themfclvcs by their Com- merce of Furs for the Merchandifes of Europe, We fee at this day, that the War which the Iroquois have at prefent with the French in Canada^ furniftics us with continual Examples of their Cruelty. The Europeans ought to take away their Fire- Arms, to reduce them, and to make them iteiide in one Place, and to live after the mode of Ewope : This wouldoe the means to cpnvert them to Chriftianity. The Spaniards took this Method with the Mexicans, Dd who rj8 JVoftgimioltcnhAmmcsil * who dare noc cgwFire* Arms, it being puiii(hed with Detth ) nevflrtlmefs they are not the worfe ufed^ and the Mexicans are as good Catholicks as any in the World, and carry the eaiieft Yoak of any Sub- lets in the Univerfe. Our lirlt RecoUeds in the firftCk>lony ofCimda] iaw a neceffity of overthrowing the GoFjncil of ibeirofWff^ which are the moft redoubted Eaemi^ of the Eimpans : They obferved that all tlic Peacej which thefe Savages made, were only Feints to cover the Breaches of Former Treaties. Our Fathers often rcpreTented this to the Court of France^ that to con- vert thele Bkbarians, and to hinder them froir: u^ king Meafures prejudicial to the O)lony of Cm'iada^ it was neceflary to found a Seminary of fiftv or ib iy $OUQg Irv^ibtfi for fevcnor eight years only ^ after which they might be maintained of the Revenue of rh?. Ground, which might be cultivated during that timc« That thofe Children offered themfelves every da/ to our Religious by conlbnt of their Parents, to be inftruded and brought u^ in the Chriftian Religion. /jrThat the iroquoit ant other Savages, llieing their Children educated in this manner, would form no more Enterprises againft the Colony, as long ai their Children were in the Seminary, as Guarantees of the Fidelity of their Parents. .,1, i : . ' t Hw ii III I m n C HAP. XXXV. Of tht pr0per Methods U ejlahiijh good Colonies, ^e Thoughts ^^MOpnims of tht Snwigts touching Heaven and Earth. f)m THe Religious of our Order of St. Franeis can pof- fefs nothing in Property,neither can they accord* ing to their Inftitute, buy or poflcfs any Revenues. There is no Order fo fit as ours to fupport the Colo- Dies ■{ ' ^" 'A Vcyngi into North America; ^""W i jg hi^ that are eftabliihed by IJK Catholicks la Jme^ rica: The Troth of what I % i^ ieenby tl^ie which the Emperor Charks the fifth feat into new M^mcoi where ^ri to be feen this day an Infinity of great Finiilies, that have made great Advantages of the Difintereftednsis of onr Religious ; the mt Li^ds hsiv^n^t bei^n Twallowed op, as wefeeln Ccre of no ufe to us for want of Bread to cut. Except in the time of the great Hunting, and certain Seufons of the Year, Flelh-meat was fo fcarce that we were oft fix Weeks, or two Months, without eating any, unlcf* it were a inorfcl of a wild Dog, or fome piece of a ^ Bcar,or Fox,which the Savages gave us at their Feafts. Our common Food was the fame with the Savages, vk.. Sagamiu^ or Pottage made of Water and Indian Corn with Gourds : To give it a Rclifb, wc put into ic ^ Marjoram, ■IT •*.* 1^44^ Jr&jfi^e ifit0}!^OYth Amcvkii. Marjoram^ and a fort of Balm, with wild Onions which we found in the Woods and Fields. Our ordi- nary Drink was Water. If any of us was indifpofed, while th;i Sap was up in the Trecs,we made a hole in the Bark of a Maple, and there dropt out a fweet Sugar-like Juice, which we favcd in a Platter made of the Bark of a Birch-tree ^ we drank it as a Sovereign Remedy, tho it had but fmaH cfFefts. . There are in the Valleys of thofe Forefts great ftore of Maples, from whence may be drawn diftillM Waters. After a long boiling, we made of it a kind of reddifli Sugar, much better than that which is drawn from the ordi- nary Canes in the Ifles of j^merka: Our Spanifh Wine failing us, we made more of wild Grapes,which were very good ^ we put it into a litjtlc Barrel, in which our Wine was kept that we brought with us, and fome Bottles. A Wooden^ Mortar and an Altar- Towel was our Prefs. The Fat was a Bucket of Bark. Our Candle was Chips of the Bark of Birch-tree, which laftcd a fmall while. We were forced to read and write by the light of che Fire in Winter, which was very inconvenient. While we were at the Fort of Frontmac^ about fiJcfcorc Leagues from Owshec towards the South, we made up a little Garden, and paled it in to keep out the Savage Children : Peas, Herbs, and whatfoever Pulfc we fowcd there, grew extremely well. We had had great (lore, had we had propci Tools to work with at the beginning of the eftablilhment of that Fort, which was but then fortified with great Stakes t , We made ufe of Iharp-pointcd Sticks, becaufe we had no other HusbandryrTools. All our Confolation was, in the midil of thefe Fatigues, to fee the Gofpei , of Chrift advanced. The Savages fecm*d to have fome Inclination \ they were attentive and diligent in coming to their Pray- ers, tho they had none of that opennefs of Spirit which is necelTary to enter into the Verities of Reli* J f^cyage itito North. America. 14^ gion. They came to feek Inftrudion with a Spirit of Intereft, to have our Knives, AW Is, and fuch like things. I owe the following Thoughts to an excellent Reli-' gious Man of our Order, whom I fhall name in my third Volume, if it pleafe God I perfeft myDefign. 1 make a great deal of difference between the Zeal, the Labpurs of true Miffioners, and the pretend- ed Succefles which have been fo often bragg'd of, without any probability of Truth. The Jnftice we are obliged to pay to the' painful Fatigues of Apofto- lical Men in Nevp-France^ is that they cannot be ex- prefled : They equal the Enterprizes, Courage, and Sufferings of St. Paul^ who was expofed to great Dan- gers, to Famine, Thirft, &c. Their Silence it felf was great and laudable among the Calumnies of their Enemies. ButtheCondu^ of the Miflionersin the Chriftian W'orld is juftified by it felf, and puts them above fuch-like Reproaches, as well in regard of C«- ttada^ as any place elfe. Formerly it employed all my Thoughts, as well as thofe of other Miffioners among the Iroquois^ to civi- lize thefe Savages, to make them capable ef Laws and Civil Policy, and to put a flop to their brutal Sallies as much as poflible. I have done my utmoll to difabufe them, and fhew them the folly of their vain Superftitions ^ and fo I prepared the way of our Lord to the utmoll of my power. But it mull be confelTed the Harvefl: was little •, thofe people are as Savage as ever, always fixed to their antient Maxims, to their profane Cufloms, to Pride, Drun- kennefs, Cniclty, being even uncapable of Lnfti ufti- on and Obedience. They are the fame they were thirty or forty years ago. Since the French oiCanU' da made a Peace with them, and that ihc Jefuits be- came their Miffioners, altho* they had built as many Churches and Chappels as they had deftroycd, thefe Iroquoisy who may juHly be called the unconquerable *^^ I i\/S A yoy^<^ ifta North America. ^bU^ines^ have made no progrcfs in Faith : To fpcafe ^^igtoth, wc fee the quite contrary at this day. Thefe #^s?krbarians maintain a cruel War with the French, I muft confefs it's hard for me to concive that Chri- ftians fliould have a War with fuch brutal People, whom 1 had managed with all the dexterity I could, during the fix or feven Years I was among them j fometimes by Embaflles, whieh I was charged with v fometimes by the Inftrudions I gave them for Read- ing and Writing, and for Religion it felf. We conti- nued this warlike Nation in Peace as much as pcfTible. The Iroq^uais^ who call the Religious of our Order Chita£on^ that is to lay, ualed Feet^ have often re- gretted our Abfence about the Lake Ontario^ or fro«- tenac^ where they had a Million-houfe. I have often heard fay, that when a Pried of St. Sulptius^ a Je- fu^r, or any other EccleHaltick oi Canada^ asked them how it happenM jhat they gave them no fhajre of their Game, as they were wont to give the naked Feet ? They anfwered, that our RtcoMs liv'd in common as they did, and that they took no Recompence of all the Prcfencs that they made them : That they nei- ther took Furs, of which all the Europeans are fo greedy, nor any other Recompence, for all that our Religious did for them. This ihews, that one muft begin by the Animal part with thofe People, and af- ter proceed to the Spiritual. And that if, a$ in the Primitive Church, the Chriftians of this Age were of ^ne Heart, and one Soul, and wholly difintcrefled, vithout doubt this Nation would be eader converted. It's true, that while I was a Miffioner at Fort Fron- thofc Barbarians are wholly led by Senfc, they en looked upon the Jefuit Mifiioncrs as Captains, id Men of coufiderablc Qiiality, as Envoys, and :rpetual Rclidcnts of^the French Colony of Canada^ \ A f'cyttgi hh North America. 447 who maintained the Alliance which was among them, who difpofed of Peace |fiJ War, who ferved for Holtages when they wei^o trade in the inhabited parts of Qanada ; otherwife thefe Barbarians would have had perpetual Diffidences, and would have been afraid of being detained for want of Hoftages, and of ;his Security for cheir Lives and Goods. It's obferved, that the Miflioners of whom I fpeak^ undertake the Tutelage of the Savages, of which they acquit themfelves very well They draw thefc Barbarians into their Rcfidences, and exercile them in clearing the Ground of their Settlements, which contributes much to the Advantage of the Colony, and thf^ Church it felf^ To their Reputation and Zeal mu(t be attributed many eonflderable Foundati- ons for this MiQTion, which they have obtained from many powerful and zealous Perfbns, wbofe Liberali- ty they manage as well as the annual Gratifications of the King for the fame purpofe. Belides, thefe MiiHons are the places where true Saints are formed, by the Labours of an indefatiga- ble Zeal, a fervent Charity, accompanied with Pati- ence and Humility, and by a great Didntereflcdners : by an extraordinary Swectnefs, and by a lively and pure Faith : but it's a kind of an Apoltlefliip diffc'^ rent fh}m that of other Nations. But to fpcak here one word of the Progrcfs of thefe Miflions. is it pofTible that this pretended t)ro- digious number of converted Savages fliould efcape the Knowledge of a croud of French Canadins, who go abroad every Year from home at leait three or four hundred Leagues, to the utmofl: Borders of the difcovcred Countries, to trade, where fomeof them fojourn whole Years tor to barter their Commodi- ties ? How happened it that thefe devout Churches difappcarcd when 1 travelled through the middle of the Countries /^ How comes it to paJfs, that fo many Men of Scnfe douid notdifccrn them ? Befidcs, i^i J Voydgeiffto North Amtrkz, Beflcles, it's well known that the Savages come every Year in great Troops into Canada with their Canoos loaden with Furs. There is to be feen a Con- conrfe of all forts oF Savages, who are as it were thq feled People of all thofe different Nations. All the Country are Witnefles, that in their Manners and Doings nothing appears but Barbarity, without any iign or mark of Religion. All the Proof they can give, is, that like Idols they affifi: at our Myfteries and Inftruc^ions : for the reft we may fee them indif- ferent, without difcovering any Faith or Spirit of Re- ligion: It may be called rather an effed of their Cu- ripfity : Someof them cOme upon the account of In- terclt, others upon a Motive of Fear, or fome parti- cular Efteem they have for the Perfonof fome Miflio- ner, whom they often regard as a confiderable Chief. All' therefore that can be done, is to draw out of the Woods fome Families which fhew the moft Doci- lity, and todifpofe them to fettle in fome inhabited Place. There are two Villages in the Neighbour- hood of ^eft^c, and two other higher up upon the River of St. LAwrefice^ near Mont-royat^ which are feparated frofti the Commerce of the Europeans. It's therefore in thofe Parts that the Church of the Sa- vages is to be found. Tho' their Language as well as Manners are altogether favage, yet for all that thofe Neophytes are kept in their Devoir. Great pains is taken to educate them in Piety, yet not much is gain'd upon their Spirit. There are fome that are Chriftians in good earneft ; but there are many entire Families who^efcape from the MiHioners after having abode with them ten or twelve Years, and return to the Woods to their firft mode of living. It may be replyM by fome, that we fee many Chri- ftians in Europe fwerve from their Duty, and difgracc their Charader by a Libertine-Condud ^ but we do notdifcourfehereof the Corruption of the Manners of the Savages, but of their adhefion toChriftianity : It's certain they quite apoftatize from it. The A Voyage into North America. 1 49 The contrary has been dcclat'd in France^ in fevc- ral Relations, wliich have been publifh'd upon this SubjcdJ:, which were order'd to be read to the Penfio- naries of the Ur felines. It's faid, that there are a great many lud'ins converted, and pthers ready for the Sacrament of ConJiirmatioa, and that fome of them have received thelefler Orders. Would to God that all thofe Churches fpoke of in, the Relations were as real, as all the judicious People of C4»^ know they are cHimerical. If they were formerly, what's become of thenvnow ? after almoft an Age they are no more to be feen , and yet the Colony of Canada increafes. The Trade is greater than formerly, and it's better known, fo that the pretended number of Converts would be eafiiy difcovered. When formerly thefe Relations were read to Per- fons who had hot that knowledge of Canada we have at prefent, it gained Credit with every body ac- cording to their inclinations. It was ealy to impofe upon People in this refpedl. But as to me who have been upon the Place, and who have always fpoke my mind with a great deal of Candour and Liberty, I content my felf to appeal to all the Inhabitants of New France^' who arc at prefent fifteen or flxteen thoufand Souls 9 1 am alTured they will confefs inge- nuoufly, there is fcarce any Chriltianity among the Savages at this day, except fome particular Perfons, and thofe in fmali numbers, very fickle and incon- flant^ ready at every moment for any fmall Intereft to abandon their Religion. It may be that ibmc Advances are made towards the civilizing thofe Barbarians, and to make them more polite than they were. But ail the Inhabitants of thofe Countries know^ that they are no more Chriftians than formerly. Notwithftanding it's ve- ry probable that they would have adiiered better to thcChriftian Religion, if they had trod in the fteps of the Religious of our Order, if they had kept a If 1 50 A Vcjtg^ fff^o North America^ folid Peace with tht Iroquois and other SavBge Kad^ OQS, and if they had been ntingled among the Euro* beans, to make them more docible and more trada- ble. ' While I was in the Miflion tUCanada^ l bethought me one d^y to ask fome jndidons Men, how it hap- DenM that we had no more Animal Relations of the Milfions of Canada, When thole whoih I had asked gave me no Anfwei*^ a certain Ferfbn who thought tio iU, told me, that the Cottrt of ^oiflf had ordered that the Relations of foreign Miflions ihonld be ex- adly true.* That the Congregation Dt prbp^gandd Fide had orderM that no more ihould be pubiilhed that were not of publick Notoriety, and clear as the Sun at Noon. This feem'd to me to be a judidous Ahlwer. . Refieifting upon this, we ought to admire the Judg^ iiicnts of God upon thefe barbarous Nations, and to ^knowledge his Mercy toward us, that he has beeii ])leafbd to let us be born of Parents illuminated with the bright Rays of the Chriftian Faith, in a Gouatty where we are betimes formed to Piety, and ail fflati- her of Vertnes *, where the multitude of interiour Graces and exteriour Helps prefent us the means to iecure our Salvation, if we be faithful. t1« We ought to give him the Glory that is due td him for the excellent Lights we have received, and Which diftinguifli us fo advantageoufly from, fo ma- tiy Nations who are in the Darknels of Error add Blindnefs. This ought to oblige us to make our JElcdlion fure by all forts of good Works, fctting be- fore our Eyes the account we muftoneday give before the dreadful Tribunal of God, of the ufe we havi inade of all his Graces and Benefits. G H AP. * 4 AVcyngt into North America^ ij i CHAP. XXXVI. 't^t Hifiory of the Irruptm which th& ^ngUJh tnadt into Canada in the Tear 162S, The taking of Que- bec, the Metropolis of Canada, in the Tear 1 629. The moft honour able Treatment they gave tlpe Re-* coledts. i IThought my fclf obliged to publifh the Obferva- tions which I hayc drawn from the Reverend Fa- ther yalenfine U koux^ Provincial Comnaiflary o our Reeole&s of C^«r des bames Commiflary of the Company, for his Lieutenant. Being come near Gafpee in the Bay of St. Lmrcncey they happily met with a French Ship commanded by the Sieur Enteric dc Caen^ who brought themSnpplie?, He told them that the King did fend the Sieur de RafiUy to fight the Englijl)^ and fave the Country. The Ship was laden, and the Sieur de BouUe returned towards Quebec^ and then was taken by an Englifh Vedel, and was made a Prifoner of War with all his Crew. In the interim the Hurom arrived 'it. Quebec with twenty Canoos, wc bought their Indian Cora: Mon- fiet}r de Champlin gave one part to the Jefuits, who had taken upon them the charge to take care of fe- veral j and our RecoUeCis having alfo rcceivM afupply ofVidtuals, fubfifted tiiUhe arrival of the £n^/rA which was not long. The Engltfl) Fleer furprizcd the French in Canada \ they appear ;d in the Morning the 1 9th of July \ (52 9. over againft the great Bay of Quebec^ at the Point of the Iflc of Orleans, The Fleet conlifl?cd of three Ships, and fix others which ftay'd a« Tadoujjac^ and F. e ^ f()ll()\vco4 r* followed them. The Miflloners, Jefuits; and RecoU leBs had Orders to retire into ;he ?oxt^f Qttslffc witii the Inhabitants. Father Kakntim le Roax aflured qs there was only Powder for three or four E)iifi;harg,e9 of Cannon, and eight or nine hundred Loads tor Mulquets. Mr. Kiriy General of the Englilh Fleet, fcnt an En^Iifh Gentleman to Sisur de Champlin to fummon the Place, and to deliver a very honourable Letter. The miferable ftate of the Country, which bid nei- ther Provifions nor Ammunition, for there had come no Supply for two Years paft, obliged the Governor to return a more fupple Anfwer than the Year paft. Hci therefore deputed Father JofephCaron^ Superior of the RecoUeSsj and fent him aboard the Englim Ad- miral, to treat of the Surrender of Quebec upon ad- vantagious Terms ; and above all, to obtain fome de- lay, it pofllble. Father Jofefh demanded fifteen days, but the Englifli General knowing the weak con- dition of the place, would admit of no delay. Tuc Father infifted ftill upon fifteen days, upon which the Englifli cali'd a Council, and the Refuk was, they would only grant them that day till night. The Admiral gave orders to Father Jofeph to return to Quebec with this Anfwer, and that they fhould there make the Articles of Capitulation ready, which fliould be pundlually prform'd. The Englifh Admiral in a very civil and obliging irauner told Father Jofeph, that he with his Religious jn ght return to their Convent, and bid him be of f^ood chear,for no harm Ihould be dene thcm,happen what would. Two French Prifoners, the one called BaiUi^ for- merly Commiflary of the Company of Merchants^ and Peter Le Rcy^ by trade a Waggoner, had done ill Olfkcs to the jefuits with one of the Englilh Cap- tains : They ptrfwaded him that he ihould find with then gi':at Riches, 1 his was the Kcaibn that tliis "{'•'" ' '-S -y ' ' Captaiii / Captain told Father Jofeph in a heat, that if the Wind had proved good, they would havcbegun with their College firft. Father Jbfej^h at his return told them of the deiign, on purpofe that they might take care of their Affairs in the Articles of the Treaty which were to be made. Father Jofe^h having receiv'd this Anfwer from the Admiral,' who fliewed him the Ships with all the Ammunition, and the Souldiers with their Arms 9 in concludon, he was fet a fhoar, and made his Kt' ^oxt to M^on\\tWT Cham^UnzX Quebec, A Council was held, and they were divided in their Sentiments* Two French Men who had accompa-' nied Father Jofepb^ obfervcd that the Englifli were but few in number, and that they had not above two or three hundred iMen of regular Troops, with feme others that had not |:he Mcin of Souldiers : Befides, they confided much in the Courage of the Inhabitants of Quebec j they were therefore much inclined, as well as the Jefuits, and our Religious, to run the risk of a Siege. But the Experience that Monficur Chant' fin had of the Bravery of the En^^iflj-, who would racher perifh than dcfift from an Lnterprize which they had once begun, advifcd the Council rather to furrcndcr upon honourable Terms than ruin all. The Articles of Capitulation were drawn up accor- ding to Monfieur Champlmh Advice : Father Jofepb was commifnoned to carry tl^m aboard the Englifii Admiral j and all things being adjulbed, they de* manded time till th? next day. At the ftme time ihc Savage? tiist were lovers of our Religious, and above all, the aforc-mcntioncd Cbautnin^ folicited Father Jofeph and our Friirs, that they would be pleafed to grant, that two or three of oar Religious might retire into the Woods, and from thence into thci»- Country. AKho Ckaumin was not yet well confirmed in thcChv; ■ lan Religion, he gad a very grcai love and c,0 .ui fovourReli- E c 4 gious. i6o A Voydge into North Am^ica. gious, becanife they lived in codmon a^ the Savage^ do. Then having deliberated on this Propofition, they confiderM on the one fide, that the Engvifh Would not be any long time in pofleflion of the Coun- try ,and that fooner or later the King of Vrcmce would i-e-enter by Treaty, or fome other ways: that in the interim it would advance the common good amodgfl: the Savages, who offered to entertain our Religious ; and that when the Country^ returned under the Do- minion of France f our Religious might ftill be found in Canada^ and in eftate to continue their ordinary La- bours, and fupport their begun Eftablilhment. They were the more invited to embrace this Propoial, be- caufe the Englifh General had given fo great marks of Ftiendfhip to Father Jofiph : In concluiion, two of our Religious offered to go. Father Jofeph at the fame time did not go far off, and during this he thought it good t6 lofe iio time,* fince they muft de- part and elcape, as fome of the French did, who went aWay with the Savages in a Canoo; and it was not little Grief to the Miffioners to be ftopt by force in their juft Defigns, The Council of Quebec and the other Chieftains oppoied their departure^ and it was concluded for divers Reaf^ns politick and purely human *, which whether it was for the Reproach they pretended to have reafon to fear in Ffance^ or whcUier it was the dillruft of Providence towards our Religious, or whether, in fhort, it was they did not believe the French would return again into Canada^ they were forced to yield. This afforded matter to build a Complaint .upon at Court, and parti(tularly by our Friars of the Pro- vincc of St. Denis f againft Father Jo/f/^fc, as not ha- ving that Flrmncfs and Zeal which he ought to have had on this occafion j and that the Savages who had p, It all their Confidence in the RecoUeiis^ had been V ' • ••"" • - ^ ' bet- J Fcyage into Noxth Amcrm. i^i better difpofed to the Chriitian Religion than ever before. ^ Father Jofifb juftificd Hmfclf the l)elt he could, and affirmed he had done nothing but executed the Orders of the Counci| of Quebec^ as the Anfwcrs make evident, when |i'e gave an account to the De- finitor of bis Province at his return, giving an ac- count of hiisMiffioh. , The next day, being the 2otfc of July^ in the Year 1629. the Sieur deChampUn having been on board the Englifh Admiral, the Articles of Capitulation were figned by both Parties ^ after which the EngU/h went afhore, and were put in poiTelfion oi Canada by the Sieur de Cbamplm. Father Fakntine de Roux^ an antient Commijfairel Provincial of the Friars of Canada^ whom I law at my return from my Difcovcry, hath all the Articles 01 Capitulation made by the fremhdt Quebec mih the Engltjh^ when the Englifh took pofTeffion \ he faid the Sieur de Champlin {avcd with his Family all his Effeds, and even found fome advantage by this Treaty by the good Entertainment the Engiiflj (hew'd him« The French Inhabitants who were then in the Country had every one twenty Crowns, and all the reft of their Goods were to remain to 'lie Conque- rors ', and from this was made the great Complaint, becaufe there were found fome particular Perfons who were enrich'd tipon this occafion. Thofe who were willing to day in the Country,obtained great Ad van-. tages of the Engli/h, but moft of all the Family of Monfieur Hebert.^ whom I have often converfcd with at Mount Royaly when I palled by to go to the Fort of Frontenac, The Religious, I confels, were much indebted to the Generolity of the Engli/h for divers lingular Favours, which has always made me have a great Elleem for that brave Nation : They kept ptindtually their Word given by their Admiral, not '• ' fufFer- . t. 1 62 A Foyage into North America. fuiFering any Injury to be done to the Convent of our Lady ot Angels at Quebec^ nor to our firft Rclldence which was the place where now ftandsthc Cathedral Church of Quebec^ our Religious not having been re-eftablifhed there fince. But notwithftanding all the Diligence that the Englilh Officers made ufe of in our favour, they couM not hinder but one of their Souldiers ftole from us a Silver Chalice: But the Englifh Officers, who are naturally generous, teftificd much Trouble at it to our Religious, and fwore fo- lemnly to take Revenge on the Party if he could be difcovered. The Jefuits, who came not into Canada till four- teen or fifteen Years after our Friars (who by con- fequeipce were the firft Miffioners of America) met with a Treatment far different j their Houfe was pillaged, and all that was found was given as a Prey to the Souldiers; and they were obliged toimbark the next day with the Simr Champlirty and all the Fremh except twenty feven, who fet fail towards Tadoujfac : But the two Brothers Lewis and Kirh^ the one Admiral, and the other Vice- Admiral of the lEngUJhy permitted our Religious to ftay at Quebec : The Englijh teftifying then publickly, that they left us in Canada^ to inftrud rhe Natives in the t*rinciples of the Chriftian Religion, and that with the confent of the King of England^ that we might {)e hindred from returning into France, They had ^t the fame time as much familiarity with them in all things, to fay or do, or make Villis, with the fame liberty as before the taking of Quebec ; alfo they were fo far from hindering the exercife of the Romifh Re- ligion, that they prayed them to take from them Wine for the Mafs j which they knew was before de- puted for the ordinary Service of the Church, which there they heartily offered. Our RecoUeds lived fo above fix Weeks after the taking of Quebec^ and re- ceived much Civility from the Englifh, who folicited them J yoy^tifitoiilQxth America. 16} Ithem to ftay amongft them, having liberty to inftrudV Ithe Natives who dealt with them. This continued I the pth of September following, when they em- brked us aboard the Sieur Pontgrave^ who remained at Canada^ becaufe of his indi^fition, with a de- ign to rejoin the Sieur Chemiplin^ the Jefuits, and all the French of Canada^ who were ordered to pafs to Tadoujfac^ the day after the taking {fueber I leave you to think how great Sorrow the Miflioners were plunged into, when inforced to abandon a Mif- |lon fo long followed, and with fb much application. The hopes that our Friars had of returning in fome Igood time into Canada^ made them hide in feveral places part of their Utenfils, and clSfed up in a Cafe ()f£lk-Skins,put into a good Box, which no Air could get into, the principal Ornaments of the Church. The Englilh Fleet fet fail the 1 4th of September for £«^/? 'VJ. V Photographic Sciences Cbrporation ^ V «■ <^ 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WMSTM.N.Y. MSM (TU) I73-4S03 5.* ^ '^ •J ^&(i J rojggt ixff ^oitb America. voured, and joined with them in the Apoftoiical La^ boars. It is not Icfs evident in other parts of the World ; the Religious of St. Frmcis having fuppdrted and im- ploy ed to this day, as powerful MiiOoners as any iince the beginning of their Order. ' * Alexander th& Foiirth, in the Year 12^4, ghres Teftimony, inoncofhisEpifl^^ that our Religions had fpread themfe)ve$ io au Goontries^ not only of Schifmaticks, but amoneftthofe of Infidels. Rattark the words of the Sovereign Pontic ^* JUxand^^ iyc. To Our wel^bdenred the FritrsS *^ minors, who have been feitt Miflioners intd the *^ Land of the Smas^sm^ Pminmi Oftda^ Bt^tliriatis^ ^ Cumaniam^ Etbi^pkms^ Syrians, Heriant^ faiohkis, *^ Nubians, ijejhrians, Gmgims, Armmmu, hi&» *^ Mis, Monofoiites, Tartars, the Higher and Lower *' Htngary, to the Chriftian Captives among the *^ Turks, and to other unbelieving (fation^ 6r the *' Eaft, or in any other parts where they are« wifh- *^ ing them Healthy and fending thera our Apoltolick *» Benediftion. * In 1272, oir Reverend Father Jeromid^AfcoU,d^^ terwards created Pope Nicholas the Fourth, with his Difciples, not only managed the Reconciliation of the Greek with the Latin Church, but preached alio the Qofpel in Tartdiy ^ and by this means the Rdidoos of our Order were fent tor by the Princet of the Higher and l/mttAmunia^ in i%%9^ and continued .their Conquefts in 1 332. Tmfy^ with Che KingdomsandCountries under the Grand Signior, have been, and are yet tiie Theaters of the Zeal of the Religious of St trmicit^ and arede* monftrations of our Travels. In ^ the Holy Land, and other places, now fnbje^ to the Turks, the Clnrifti* ans are yet governed by the direction of the Cfiildren of St. Francis, Thofe who keep the Sepulchte of our Lord Jcfus Chrift, have done confiderable Service to th^ i« V'C. .4 r^^j^o North America* 1^7 the Reverend Fathers Jeiliits; otbers of themupoa divers occafions have wiUiogly ferved them. Hiftory maketh mentioQ, that in the Year 1342^ bur Miflipners went into Spfnia and Sctavonia^ a- mon^tbelnfideky amongft the great T<;rr^4rf^ who now poiIe& Cbma^ and into Perfia^ Media^ and CbeA* In s^^70 our Miflion was reinforced by Vrban the fifth with ^o of our Religious ; the Order being then honoured by a great number of Martyrs, The EmbaiTy of Bugenia the 4rk and the Miflkm of 40 of our RBUdous to Prtfier J An in 1419. fup- ported afterward by a greater Number, is well known* as well as the Redudion of tbeife S^tes by them to the Obedience of the Chnrch of Rom, ^ I fliould never have^one, if I Ihould undertake to give an account of all the famous Milfions we have been ^honoured with through aU the World ; in whicli the Reverend Fatherjieiittts have fince fpread themfelves, and are now entred into our Labours, or rather we have the Advantage of continulnetheoi with us, and adting together in perfedk Union for the Glory of God, and Propa^tion of his Gpfpel, which we onl)f feek. It is for this reafbn, that our Recole^s of Park called into Canada the Jefuits to help them, that they might labour together for the gaining of Souls ; Buc it b remarkable^ that when the EnglUh had reito* red Canada to the French after Four Years abode there, the Jefuits, who had better Helps for return- ing thither than our Religious, and as it were by In- trigues, a Bar was put to the Return of our Reco- leds. It was a fenfible trouble to fee, that (ince wc had preceded all the Jefuits in all other Miflions of the Chriftian World, that of ;Vipip Frame was the on- ly Place where wc had not the Confolation to conti- nue with them in the Apoflolical Labours ; and by fo much the more, becaufe that reciprocal Chari- ty. .* •? ♦ ■■>■; \ ■t V ■ - • • • 168 J Vojfi^iifffo North Ainerid. ty, which was not in the itaSi diminiflie^l between the! two Bodies, ^fwaded us that th^ JeJMts, fall of Vertue and Merit, bad nuich regretted oar abfence, as feems to be evUent by thdr Letters at that time. . It Virouid require a Volmne td deftrib^ the Oifficul- ties that onr Religious have had; to r£t^rii into our Millions ofCauads^ and the Intrigues that fome have made ufe of to hinder it : but nothing was omitted as to thsjt. In condttiion, about thirty years after the Deputies of CoKodaj who were impatient for the re- turn of our Recoleos, told our Religious more than they w^6 willing to know, and more than Charity would permit to publiih^ the Deputies told our Re- ligious, they wanted ipme to make Curats at Quebec^ and in fbmt othet places ; that their Confci^nces were much troubled to have to do with the fame People^ both for Spirituals and Tcmtxiirais, there being ho Pei^fons to whom they mght communicate thediffi- culties of their Gonfciefllbs. biit to the Jcfoits i and that the Recoleds not bei^g f^red to be amongfb them was a great lois. The Diredors of the Company of Canada dif- courfed us to the like purpofe, particul'ary Monfleur Ho/e^ in company of Monfieur Afar^onne^ Berhubier^ and others ^ who fp^ing to our Recoleds, exprcfs'd iihnfelf in thele terms. ^ My Fathers, it had been * better you had returned into Canada then any 0- * thers i it b a high Ii^uftice done to them, and the * Inhabitants : we now fee where the Fault lay, pre- ^fent your Reafons, and you, and thofe otthe * Country, (hall have all the Juftice we can do yon. The Secretary of the Company likewife fpoke thus to the Religious. 'At other times, my Fathers, I * have been againft you, for which I have begged * God's pardon : I was miftaken at that prefent ; I ' fee well I have offended ^ and 1 pray God you may '* be fuffcred to return into Canada^ after fo long ' time, there to take charge of your Curos : you are .il r<^f/irf0 North AmtrkaJ 16^ * are mnch longed fpr, for the r^pofe of Conlcicnces. Father Zacbary MoreoHf Recoled, who died the death of the Jaft In my Arnn, in oor Convent of St. Germains en XtO^i and Paul Hinetty who ha€h been my Father and Mafter from my Youth; at oar Convent of Rccoledsat Montergir^ (aid^tjie Oqmuet of the Company in the Year 1^15, what oar * Facher Jafapb le Caron^ Superiour of oar Convent of * Qmbte^ permitted them, and even pray'd them one * ^love to exercife the Fun^n of Cores by tnms. * But all at lafliervcd for nothing ; the Company * fent back our Religions to dh«; Council of QuebeCf ^ to amuie them v bocaufe the Council m» compofed * of a Governour, and Perfens who were Creatures ' of the Reverend Fathen Jefoits, asivere tiie Supe* * riour of the Million of the Sindti^ and of tlie Inha- * blunts, whom they eaiiiy gained to binder our re- * turn into Canada. The Father Provincial of the * Jefuits, and the Father V AUentont Superiour of the * Profeft Houfe,. was then in France^ Superioor of the *• Mifllons, which all centered to prolong our return. The Reader may judge, thatif the Reverend Fathers Jefuits had been in our place, and^arfUcoleds in theirs, whether we flioald have been waosbg to put a value upon their Requefh« and employed our Cre- ' dit to ferre them : Our Kecolcdhibod firm for them againft the whole Country, who were a^nft their coming into Canada \ and after their arrival, when . the Governour and Inhabitants oppofed their Recep« tion, in the Year, \6%^^ we fupported them. True Charity, which is right and fimple, perfwad- ed us the Reverend Fathers Jefuits would not be wanting to mak;e us a willing return of the like» upon Ff . ^ this i'p "J f^py^i if^ North America^ thk prefent occafion ; and they ai&red us by tfieir Letter the Year following, that it was only want of Power and Credit in the Council of ^e2>ffc,that they could not do us the Service they defired. ' " From this it is dSit to judge, that there was not one ifeTOttri^ie Relblution given towards our Religious : The Diredor-General of the Company, Monlleur EaUMHf appeaHng to be ca^elefs of our teturn, and in;tt k Ytty great dbftacle ^ he palling in quality of Gbiremour of Canada^ having often promifed our Be-ddtniflion .* and afterwards going Governour, pre- tended not to be wanting to do us good Offices. The Mar^fd^ de DenmUe^ who after the great Difcovery Ihlidinadey went over in quality of Governour of C^mdOf made us the like Promiles of Moniicur Lmim^ for theprogrefs of our Difcovery : befides, ehKint de Fmttenac^ who hath been in my time a true Father to our Recoledh, and a great fupport to etter prf|» lick ^liain ought mnsik more to aott^ dance of Holly Trees, and other l>ees, the dark whereof is Whiter Grapes, Apfles, ^nms. Chef* nuts, Pomgranates, Mulberries, W1A9& other Nuts unknown to Ewope -j plwity of Turky-Gdcks, Par- rots, Qpaiis, Wild-Bulls, Stags, and Wild-Ooats. Thefe Savages are affable, civil and oUigiiig^ and . the firfb I met with prefented me with a Pipe or Calumet of. Peace, which is a Prote^ibn even In a Fight. Their Women and Old Men take care of the Culture of the Ground, which is fo fertile ds to af^* ford three Crops of Indian Corn every Year. They have abundance of Water-Melons, Cieruls, and Gourds. When they have fown th«r Corn, they go a Hunting for Wild Bulls^ n^hofe Flelh they eat^ and the Skin^ ftrves f6r their Coverings, having drei^'d the fame with a fort of Earth, Which fiirved alfo to dye them. They have Axes and Kmves from the French and Spaniards^ in' exchange of their Beavers, and Skins of Wild Goats. Thoie who live near the Sea have fome Fire- Arms. • ThtMiJfiffifi has few Windings and Turnings. and runs diret^ly to the South, and haying follow'a it% Gmirfe tilFthe 93d Degree of Ladt^, . ' ^'' folvM to return home, feeing that River did not difcharge it felf into Mar Verniejo^ which we look'd for, asaifbbccaufethe^jptfwWf obfervy our Moti- J ons for fix Days together. The Savages told me» that the Spaniards liire within thirty Leagues to the Weflward. /^ The laid M. Jo/wt adds, Tliat he had fee down in his Airnal an exad Defcription of the Iron- Mine» wy dilHver'd, as alfo of the Quarries of MarW^%»d Colc^Pits, and Places where they find Sslt-Pcftre, with feveral other things. He had alio obfcrv'd what were the fitteft Places to fettle Colo- / Ff4 nics, tjS jtNm Difeovety of niesy &c. The Soil is very fertile, add produces a- bundance of Grapes, which might make delicious Wines. The River of St. Levis, which hath its Source near Mifficbiganet^ is the biggel^, and the tnoft con- venient for a Colony, its Mouth into the Lake be- ing very convenient for an Harbour. It is deep and broad, and well ftock'd with Sturgeons, and other Filhes. TheSug«, Bulls, Wild^^Goats, Turky- Gocks, and other Game, are more plentiful on the Banks of the laid River than any wjiere elfe. There are Meadows ten or twenty Leagues broad, encom- pafiM with line Forelts ; behind which are other Mea- dows, in which Grafs grows fix Foot high. Hemp grows naturally in all that Country. Thofe who Aall fettle themfelves there,need not be pbyg'd, as we are here, : to beftow Ten Years la- bour for felling down the Trees, and grubbing up the Land, before it is fit for Corn; for the Ground Is ready for the Plough in that fortunate Country, where they may have godd Wine.. Their young Wild Bulls may be eafily learnMtto plough their Land ; and their long curl'd Hair, or rather Wool, may ferve ta make good tllbth for their Wearing. IhJhort, that Soil wou'd afford any thing neceiTary for Life, ei^cept Salt, which they might have another way. jlin jiceomt of M, La Sal|es Voyagt to the River Miflif- i fipi. DireCied to Count Frontenac, G&uermr of NeW'France. '; .uvx. TH E River of Niagara is Nayigablc for three Leagues, thatis^ frum the iall to the Mouth oi the Laice Em\ but the Scream Is forapidt t hat iL is •Aw>it itnpofliblc for a Barkto fail up into t:nc Lake, wiiiipucaftrong G^ie, and the help or many > ' 'Men fever d Cimntriesin Atnerica. 177 ,, Men to hale from the Shore at the fame time. But bdides all this, it requires fo many other Precauti- ons, that one cannot exped always to fucceed. . The Mouth of the Lake Erie is foil of Sands.^^ which make it dangerous \ theirfore to avoid that Danger, and not venture a Ship every Voyage, it will be fafer to leave it at an Anchor, in a River ^hich>runs into the Lake TIx Leagues from the River /Vi^^tfr4, and is the only Harbour and An* chorage in this Lake. There are three gieat Points which advance above ten Leagues into it v but being chiefly made up of Sand, they are Tq low that ihcre is great danger of running a Ship againft them before they] are di& cover'd, and therefore a Pilot muA be very skilful and careful to fteer z Ship in this dangerous Lake. The Streight or Canal betm^m the Lake£r/>, and the Hmon^ is very rapid, and no iefs dilEcuk than that oi Niagara^ though much deeper. The Streight of fi^#/ijb»uic between the Lake HU" rdn^ and^that of the lUinois^ is attended with qo lels Difficulties, for the Current is commonly againft the wind. There h no Anchorage in the Lake Hurm^ nor any HaFl)our in that of the Illinois^ up- on the Northern, Weilern, and Southern Coafts. There are many Iflands in both Lakes, which make ^ the Navigation of that of the lUimis very perilous \ for there being no Harbour to run into for (helter, and the Stdrms being very tctrtble on that Lake, 'tis ft great Providence when a Shipefcapes being da(h'd in pieces againft thofe Iflands. However, fomfi Canals and Anchorages may be difcovei'd in time, which* will remove thofe great Diih'cuities, as ha^ hapned in the Lake of JTronrfn^r, the Nayigatipn whereof is now eafy, whereas it was at firft as dan« gerous as that of the L.ake Huron or Illinois, The Creek through which we went from the J-^kc of the l///«w*x, into the Divm River ^ is fo ,' • '" ' fi^allow. 178 Ar«r jyife&very of fhallow, and fo much exposM to the Storms, that no Ship can tcntnrc to get in, unleft it be in a great Calm. Neither is the Country between the faid Creek and the Divine River^ fit for a Canal ; for the Meadows between them are drownM after any great R«in, and fo a Canal will be immediately fillM up with Sands .• And befides, it is impoffible to dig up the Ground, becaufc of the Water^ that Country being nothing but a Morifs : But fuppofing it were poffible to cut the Canal, it wou*d be how- ever ufelefs ; for the Bivine River is not navigable for forty Leagues together ^ that is, from that Place to the Village of the lUinois^ except for Canows who have hardly Water enough in Summer-time! Befides this Difficulty, there is a Fal! near the Vil- . lage. We have feen no Mines there, though feveral Pieces of Copper are found in the Sand when the River is low. There is the beff: Hemp in that Country I have feen any wfiere, though it grows naturally without any culture. The Savages tell us, that they have found near this Village fome yellow Metal; but that cannot be Gold, according to their own Relation, for the Oar of Gold cannot be fb fine and bright as they told us. There arc Coal-Pits on that River. The Wild Bulls are grovm fomewhat fcarce fincc the IJlimis have been at War with their Neigflbours, for now all Parties are continually Hunting of them. The Navigation is cafy from Fort Creveeeeuy to the Sea ; and New-Mexico is not above twenty Days Journey from the faid Fort. The Natiqps of the Metontoma, who live within Ten Days Joilrney from the faid Fort, came to fee M. la Salle^ and brought a Horfc's Hoof with them : They told us, That the Spaniards make a cruel War upon them, and that they ufe Spears more commonly than , . . ,- •• ^.,^ -- ,. ,. ■ t.:,. Fire* iFircrArms. One may go by Water from Fore \Crewc^ur to the Habitation of chefe Savages. T[iere are no Europeans ^t the Mouth of the River ! Colbert for Mijfifflpi O and* ^be Mo^er of which JM. Joliet gives fo dreadiiil a DeibriptioR, i$ a Fancy of fome Savages, and had never any Original. Ic is within a Days Journey and a hail from Fort iCrevicceur ^ but had M. Joliet gone down the River^ be might have feen a more terrible one. That Gen- tleman has not coniiderM that the Mofofwla^ oi I whom he takes notice in his Map, were altogether I dcftroy'd before he fet out for his Voyage. He fets , I down alio in his M^ps feveral Nations, which are ijothing but Families of the Illinois, The "Brmevoa^ j Carcarilica^ Tamaroa^ Koracocnitonou^ Chinko^ Caokia^ Cboponfca^ Ammoha^ Cattkia^ Ocanfa^ and fcverat others, make up the Nation and the Village of the Vlinois^ confiding of about 400 Cabines cover*d with Ruflies, without any FortiHcations. I have told 1800 fighting Men amohgfi: them. They have Peace now with all their Neighbours, except the Iroquois^y and it wouM be eafy to reconcile them, were it not (0 be fear'd that they wou'd afterwards fall upon tiic OuttouatSf whom they mortally hate, and di- Ilurb thereby our Commerce*, fo that we mult leave them as they are j for as long as they fiiall have occafion for us, they will be ready tb comply with any thing that we can defire from them, and keep in awe the Nations inhabiting to the Weft- ward, wiioare much afraid of the llUnois. The ^dH pf ftfven or ei^ht Rivers, which dif- chargiJ^Hplns into the Mijfiftpi, or Colbert- River^ the leifnRmof runs above 300 Leagues, are co- ver'd with Fine Timber for Building Ships. M. la Salle has feen fome Savages of three Nations through which Ferdinand Sotto pafs'd with his Army, vix,. the SicacbiOj Cafcin^ and Amineya : They told him that we might go by Water from CrevterHr into their Country. , •: ^^ i8d A Nm Difcovery of It is highly neceffary to carry on this Difcovery ; for the River inhabited by the Sicacbia^ which in all likelihood isthetrueCM, and to the South into the River Ohio, Their Sources are fo near one another, that in three Days Journey I crofs'd twen- ty two, the leafl: whereof is bigger than that of Ri- cbelieu. The top of thefe Mountains are flat, and full of Bogs and MorafTes, which being not frozen, have provM an infupportable difficulty and trouble in our Voyage. There are now and then fome Plains which I take to be very fertile *, they are co- vered with Bears, Stags^ Wila-Goats, T^r||fe^ocks, and Wolves, who are (o fierce as haidly tflMright- cd away by the Noife of our Guns. Thcms a Ri- ver in the bottom of the Lake £n>, within Ten Leagues of the Canal, which may very much fhort- cn the way to the lllinoiSj it being navigable for Canows till within two Leagues of theirs ', but the moft convenient of all is the River Obio^ which be- ing ing navigable for B^rks, will fave all the trouble of making a Coinmunicauon between the Lake of the lUinois and the Divine River ^ and the great Expences of making the faid River navigable to Fort Creveagur* One mu(t not fancy that the Ground in the Coun- try of the JUinois is r^ady for the Plough ; ibme of them are too dry, others too wet *, and in fliort, all require (bme Toil and Trouble > but I am fure they can fufficiently recompence in a little time, thofe who will be at the pains to cultivate them. The Nations through which we have pafs'd have receivM us very kindly, becaufe of our Calamet of Peace, .which is a iafe- Condud and a fufiicient Rc- conimendation amongft the Savages. The Illinois offer'd to accompany ns to the Sea, in hopes, as we told them, that we would (apply them that way with European Commodities ^ for the want of Knives, Axes, &c, makes them very officious. The young Calves may be eafily tam'd, and very ufefulfor letlingour Plantations. The Illinois have alfo many Slaves which may be of great ufe to us. • There are as many idle Fellows amongft them as among other Nations, and a great many more Wo<* men than M^n. They marry fcveial Wives,, (bme- timesnineorten, and commonly all Sifters if they can, thinking they agree better in their Family^ 1 have feen three Children who have been Bap* tizM i one call'd Peter^ the other Jofeph^ and the third Mary, who nevcrthclcfs are like to live as their Father, who has marryM three Sifters *, for they have no farther Chridian Inftrudion', Father jiU louez^^who BaptizM them, having left that Country, unlcfs ^e would think that the Stick that Father left amongft them, as a Mark that the Country be- longs to him, has any extraordinary Virtue to pro- mote Child ianity. Thclc are the only Chriftians I have found amongft them, which 1 am fure cannot be iiichbutm /•'/^ff£cdp//ir. * * Father igw A fJeW Difcd'Vefj cf Father -^oK^t lives now in a Village of the Mia- mh^ Maskmttens^ and Ochiakenens^ who have quitted their own Natron and Ancient Habitations, to con- federate themfelves with the Iroquois agahiib the Ilii- nm V and /or that purpofc they fcnt laft Summer an Embafly into the Country of the IroQum^ with a Letter of Fatlier jHhuez. The end 6i that Era- bafly mi'-j^ as I hatie l^id, to oblige them to unite themfelves with them againft the Illinois ; and they were negotiating the Alliance, when I arrivM at the Viiiage of the Tjonmrnouans^ and upon notice there- of, a Woidaii.wai ftnt to tell them to run away, for fear the Ir^ads (hould kill them. They had however no dejign to do them any ham), as it ap- peared aftcrwatids ; for the Troqttois having overtaken the faid AmbalTadors, they were kindly usM; but thry enter'd upon no Bofinefs, as long as I continuM there. I met with one of the f^M Ambafladors lince that time in their own Country, who told me fuch horrid things^ that I cannot intirely believe them :, and I rather fufpedV the Afiamis to be Contrivers thereof. However, Father jilhuez had no fooncr iittelligence that I was arrivM at the Village of the JfUinois, than that they ftnt one Monfo^ one of their Chiefs, with four large Kettles, twelve Axes, and twenty Knives, to pwfuadc the Binois that I was Brother to the Iroquois *, that my breath fmel]*d like theirs ; and I eat Serpents ^ that I was fent to be- tray them, and attack them one way, while the Iroquois (hould attack them by another *, that I was hated by all the Bhck Gowns, who forfook mc be- caufe • I dcfignM to deftroy the Miainis^ having ta- keo two of them Prifoners j and, lallly, that I un- dcrftood Phyfick enough to poyfon all the World. Their Suggcftions were fo ridiculous and fo falfe, that 1 had no great difficulty to convince the Wmis of the Malice of my Enemies ^ and Afonfo was in great danger of lofing his Life for his pains. They told Jeverd Cointriti m AliierlcaJ iSj told him he had an Iroquois Serpent under bis Tongue, meaning his Bafenefs and Malice^ that his Comrades who had been Ambafladors into their Country, had brought that Venom, and had breath- ed in xhn Malice of the Iroquois in fmoaking in their Calumet, I was obliged to intercede for hiis, for eUe they wouM have murther'd him. 'Tis certMn, that their Deltgn is to engage Count Frontenac into a War with the Iroquois \ and iHtving tri'd in vain feveral ways to fncoeed, they think there is no better than to perfuade the Nation of the Miamisy who are onr Confederates, to fettle themfelves near the Iliinois^ and make an AUiaoce with them, infomuch that the Iroquois cannot attack one Nation, without breaking with the other, and thereby oblige your Lordlhip either to foriake oar Allies, or declare Wars agamft the hoqti^s. This is not a ralh and groundlefs Judgment ; for thefe Miamis^ with whom Father ^omc lives, havekill'd^ feveral Iroquois this Winter \ and having cut the Fia- gers of another, they fent him back to tell their Nation that the Miaim are joynM with the JUiwAs againib them. Perhaps that Perfidioufneis obliges Father AUouex. to quit them next Spring, as I un- derhand he defigns to do. Howevei*, 1 am confi- dent to Hop the Progrefs of this Cabal, if your Lordihip comes this Year to weep for the Death of the Onontakey who have been kill'd ^ for the lllinoiis have promis'd me to relcafe fome Slaves, and for- bear their Excurfions again(t the Iroquois^ who having been informed of my Good Offices^ have exprefe'd a great Gratitude thereof. This Weeding is a com- mon Ceremony among the Savages, when any of their Warriors have been kill'd. I do not wonder that the Iroquois fliould talk of invading our Allies *, for (hey are every Year pro- vokM V and I hive feen at MijffilinaokiHak ^ amonglb the Foutouatanjits and the Mi^mis^ the Heads of fe- veral 184 -^ ^^^ Difcovery of vcral Irc/qms^ whom they Jhavc kiird by Trcachcrjf,' as they were a Hunting laft Spring* This is come to the Knowledge of the Iroquois ^ for our Allies have been fo impudent as to boaft of it; and efpe- cially the Poutouatamits^ who dancing the Calumet at Aii/ftlinaokinak before three j^gneit^qr Envoys of the Iroquois^ boafted of their Treachery, and held in their Hands feveral Heads of Hair of Jroquoish. I cannot forbear to take notice of the Difcourfe I had with a Savage of the Nation of the IVolf^ who being convincM pf the Truth of the Chrillian Religion, and prelTed by Tome MilUonaries to em- brace the Cathoiick, and by fome Et^H/h Minifters to embrace Theirs, was la great perplexity which of the twQ he (houM chiife ; for, as he told me, thefe Men are very unlike the ApofUes ; the former be- c^ufe of tbf ir great Covetouiheis, and the latter be- canfe of their being Macri'd* 3ut hiiving obfervM in the Recolie&s both Chif^ity Md the Ck)atempt of the Riches of the World, he was Baptized by them. I have leen in this Country abupdaoce of Green Parrots, bigger and finer than thofe of our Iflands. \A Difcovery of fome New Countries and NUtionrinihs ] Northern- America. By Father Marquette/ ON the 13th of May^^ 1^73. I, *i>ibark'd with M Jolietf who was chofen to b^ our Director in this Undertaking, and five other French-men^ in two Canows made of Barks qf Tree% with fome Indian Corn and boil*d Flefh for our Sub« fiHence.. We had taken rare co get from the Sava- ges all the Intelligence we could, concerning the Countries through which we deiign'd to travel, and had drawn a Map of th$ fame, according to their Relation, in which we had mark*d the Rivers, ^'^'*i^i Jevtrd Countries in kmttkz. 1S5 ! and the Name of the Nations we were to meet, and the Rhombs of the Wind we were to make ufe of in our Journey. The firft Nation we met with, is callM the jN2i-; tion of the Wild-Oats ^ I went into their River to vifit that People, to whom we have preach'd the Gq« fpel for feveral Years, and amongft whom there. are many good Chriftians. The Wild-Oats^ .from which they have got their Name, is a fort of Corn \ which grows naturally in the fmall Rivers, the bot- tom whereof is Owzie, as alfo in maijhy Grounds* It is much lilce our European Oats : the Stem is knot-, ted, and grows about two Foot above the Surface of the Water. The Corn is not bigger than onrs^ but it is twice as long,, and therefore it yields much more Meal. It grows above the Water in June^t and the Savages gather it abou( Seftanber in this manner : They go in their Capows into th(>re Ri-, vers, and as they go they fhake.the Ears of the Corn. in their Canows, which eafily iPalls, if it be ripe r* They dry it upon the Fire ^ and when it is very dry» they put it into a kind of Sack made with the Skin of Beaflrs ; and having made a Hole inthe Ground, they pot their Sack therein, and tread on it till they fee the ChaflT is feparatcd from the Corn, whicix they Winnow afterwards. They pound it in a Mor- tar to reduce it into Meal, or elfe boil it in Water,^ and feafon it with Greafe, Which makes it near as good as our Rict . 1 acquainted that Nation with the Defign I had to travel farther into the Country, to difcoycr the remoteft Nations, and teach them the Myfteries of our Holy Religion ^ at which they were mightily furpriz'd, and did th^ir utmoft to diflwade me from that Enterprize. They told me that I fhould meet fome Nations who fpare no Strangers, whom they kill without any Provocation or Mercy ; that the War thofe different Nations had onewidi tbo J "(a'- Gg othcfi i86 A New Difcovery of bther, (hould daily expofe me to be taken by their Warriors, who are perpetually abroad to furprize their Etienues: That the great River was exceed- ingly dangerous, and full ot dreadful Monfters, who devourM Men, and even the Canows them- felves. They added, that a Devil ftoppM the Paf- fage of the faid River, and funk thofe who were fo bold as to come near the place where he Hood ^ and, inihort, that the Heat was fo exceillve in thofe Parts, that we (hould never be able to prefcrve our Health. I returned them my hearty Thanks for their good Advices^ but told them 1 would not follow them, iince the Salvation of a great many Souls were con- cern'd id our Undertaking, for whom I (hould be ghd to lofe my Life. 1 added. That I laugh'd at their pretended Devils and Monlbers, and that their Informations would oblige us to (land the more upon our Guard to avoid any Surprize. And fo having pray'd to God with them, and given them ibme Inftrudion, we parted from them, and arrivM at the Bay of Puans^ where our Fathers make a con- fiderable Progrefs towards the Converdon of thofe Ignorant Nations. The Name of this Bay (bunds better in the Lan- . guage of the Savages than in ours ^ for according ta the Word they make ufe of^ one may call it as VfcW the Salted Bay, as the Stinking Bay ^ for they call the Sea after the Same Name. This oblig'd us to enquire whether there were in that Country any Salt Springs, as there is one among the Iroqutas'j btit we could find none *, and therefore we think that this Name was given to this Bay, becaufe of the great quantity of Mud and Owze that is there, from whence fuch Vapours arife, that occafion the moft dreadful Thunders that ever I heard in any Counti-y. This Bay is about thirty Leagues long, and about eight feverai Countries in America. i^ eight broad, that is to fay in its greateft bitadth ; for it grows narrower, and forms a Cone at the ex- tremity 5 where one may cafily obfervc, that this Bay has its fetled Tides juft as the Sea. This is ridt - a proper place to enquire whether the Flowing aiul Ebbing of the Water of this Bay, may be property callM a*ridc, or whether they are occafionM by the Winds, which never, or very feldom fail to blow from the fame Point upon the Moon's afcending our Horizon ; but this I may fay. That in the greac- eft Calm, the Waters in this Bay flow and eM> ac- cording to the Motion of the Moon^ though I will not deny but that the Winds, which move the Wa- ters towards the middle of the Lake, may contribute to this efFed. ^ We left this Bay to go into a River that dif- charges it felf therein ; and found its Mouth very broad and deep. It flows very gently \ but afc^ we had advanc'd fome Leagues into it, we faw ft was interrupted by feveral Rocks and rapid Str^^ ; and To Ihallow in fome places, that it would H^^Jfy bear our Canows. The bottom is full of FliiiGsf; which are as fo many RazOrs thaf cut the CaiioWi, and made it impoflible for our nien to walk the^eiil, to make the Canows more lightj^ when the 'ifdi- lownefsof the Water did not permit us to ^ row away. It is full of Buflidrds, Du<*s, and Teals^'i%e- caufe of the Wild Oats in the Marlhes thereabouts. However, we c6nq6er'd thefe Difficulties, and Co the Savages, that we couM hear them talk, and therefore thought it was time to give them no- tice of our Arrival , vij^kh we did with a loud Cry, and ther ftopp'd. Jhe Savages immediately came out of their Cabins,. aQd Kfiing but two Men wi^» ■ 194 ^4 ^^f^ pifiovery of Meii, they were not frighted, and efpccially be- caole we had acquainted them by our Cry, with our approach ^ therefore they fent four of their Old Men to talk to us, and fee who- we were, «^d what Bufinefs we came upon. They carri'd two Pipes adornM with Feathers of feveral Go- lonrs, which they prefented to the Suu, without ipeaking a Word. They marchM fo flowly, that we began to be impatient ; and when they came near us, they ftopp'd, and us'd many Ceremo- nies. We were Very glad to fee them coVerM with Cloth, for thereby we judg'd they were ei- ther our Allies, or Friends of our Allies \ and therefore I fpoke to them, and ask'd them who they were ? They anfwer'd. That they were llUnois, and prefented us their Pipe to fmoak, deliring us all to walk to their Habitations. Thofe Pipes are ' callM both by the Savages and Europeans^ Calumets ; and therefore I fhall make ufe of their Word for the future, having often occalion to mention thefe Pipes. They conducted us to a Cabin, where an Old Man waited for us, in a ver y extraordinary Pofture, which, as I underftand jince, is the ufual Cere- mony they ufe for the Reception of Strangers. This Man flood before the Cabin, having both his Hands lifted up to Heaven, oppodce ro the Sun, infbmuch that tt darted its Rays thtou^ his Fin- gers, upon his Face ; and when we came near him, he told us, If^at a fair Day this is fince thou comeji to vifii us \ AH our Peofk wait for thte^ and thou /halt enter our Cabin tn Peace, Having repeated the Com- pliment to M. Joliet^ he conducted us into his Cabin, where abundance of People crowded to ice us, keej)ing however a great Silence, that we lieard nothing a great white, but now and then thefe Words, You bav€ dm wW, Brothers^ to come iindfec uu « i- * Al fiver d C cording to Cuftom, their Catumet^ which one niiift needs accept, for elfe he (hou'd te looktupon ta an open Enemy, or a meer Brotei however, Itk not neceiTary to fmoak j and provided one pots il to his Month, it is enough* While the CMd Mni fmoakM in our Cabin to entertain tis, the Gretf Captain of the Illinois fent us word to come to hil Villager, where hedefignMto confer with as^ and accordingly we went to hioi, b Jng attended by all the Inhabitants of this Vil%ey who haviQg never feen any Europeans before, accompainM us all the Way. We met that Captain at the Door of his Cabin, in the middle of Ten Old Men| all of them were ftanding, and each had his Cslth^ met towards the Sun. He made us a (hort fi)eecii to congratulate our happy Arrival in that Coun- try^ and prefentcd us his Calumet^ wherein we were obligM to fmoak before we went into hit Cabin. ,<^ This Ceremony being over, he conduded us. and delir'd us to lit down upon a Mat, and the Old Men of that Nation being prefent, I thought fit to acquaint them with the Subj^d of our Voyage^ and therefore! told them, i. That we ddignMto vifit alt Nations that were on that River, down tp the Sea. ^. That God Almighty, their Creator, took pity on them, and bad fent me t6' bring them to the Knowledge of bis Being, aKd therefore ex- peded a full Submidion from them. 3. That the Great Captain of the French had commanded m^ to tell them, that he had fubdu'd the Iroquois^ and wou'dliave every Body to live in Peace. 4, We defir'4 them to tell us whatever they knew con- cerning the Nations we were to meet along the River. We enfoic'd every Point of our Speech with a Prefent, and thin fate down. The Cap- tain of the Illinois anfwci'd, That he was very glad "^ 10 196 f A New Di/ect^ery tf to hear of the great Actions of our Captain, meaning the Governor of Canada^ atid defir'd tis to remain aniongib them, becauie of the great gangers to which we (houM be exposM in conti- nuing our Voyage ^ but I told them that we did not fear to iofe our Lives for the Glory of God v at which they were mightily furprizM. He prefented us with a Calumet^ the molt tnyfterions thin^ in the World i of which I Ihall give an Accouut m ano- ther Place. The Council being over, we were invited to a Feaft, which we were obUgM to accept. The firib , Meis was a Difli of Sagamite^ that is, fome Me?; of Indm Corn boiPd with Water, and feafonM with Greale : The Mafter of Ceremonies holding a kind of Spoon-full of that Sagandte^ put forae thrice into my Mouth » and then did the like toM. Jto/iet. They bjrot^t for a Second Courfe, three Filhes in a Difh, whereof he topk a Piece, and having took out the Bones, and blown up- on it to cool itf he put it into my Mouth, juii: as a Bird feeds his young ones. The Third Service was a huge Dog, whom they kill'd on purpofe ; but underltanding that we eat no fuch Creatures ^ they bjTOUght a Piece of Beef; and ' fervM us as be- fore. As fbon as we had done, we went *to viHt the Village, which condlts of near three hundred Ca- bins, being attended by an Officer, to oblige the Savages to make room « and not cro^d upon us. They prefented us with Girdles and Garters , and ibme other Works made of the Hair of gjiars and Bulls. We lay in the Cabin of the Captain, and the next Day took our Leave of him, promifing to re- turn in Four Moons. They conduced us as far a^ our Qinows, with near eight hundred Perfons who exprcfsM an extraordinary Joy for our kiiidVifit,as they callM it. . U fever d Counfrks in kmtxicz. igy It will not.be improper to relate here what 1 obfervM of the Cuftom and Manners of this Peo^ pic , which ard very different from what is pn# ftisM among the other Nations of the' NortbemI uimtrica. ^ „^ The Word rnmts in their Language fignifies Men^ as if they did look upon the other Savages as Beaflsj and truly it muft be confefs'd that they are not al- together in the Wrong, for tliey have more Huma- nity than all the other Nations that I have fecn in jimerica. The Ihort time I remain'd with them, did not permit me to inform my feif, as much as I de- li r'd, of their Cuftoms and Manners j but here is what I was able to obferve*, They are divided into feveral Villages^ whereof fome are very remote from thofe that Ibave feen. They call them Perouarca'^ but as they live fo far one from the other, their Language is alfo very different. However, it is a Dialed^ of the j4lf0fiquin, and therefore we were able to underftand what they faid, and to converfe with them. They are good-natur'd Men, tradiable and eafy : they keep feveral Wives, and yet they are exceedingly jealous : They obferve with great Care their Beiiaviour ^ and if they find them^ in any Fault as to their Chaflity, they cut off their Nofes and Ears^ and I faw feveral who carryM upon their Faces the Marks of their Infidelity. The I//i- nois arc very well fhapM, and very dextrous : They are good Marks-men with their Arrows and fmall Guns, with which they are fupply'd by the Savages that have Commerce with the Europeans. This makes them formidable to the other Nations inhabi- ting to the Weftward, who have no Fire-Arms. The lllimis knowing how much they are frighted at the Noife of their Guns, make Excurfions very far to the Weflward, and bring Slaves from thence, which thev barter with other Nations for the Com- modities they want. Thofe Nations are altogether igno- 198 J New t)ifiovery of ignorant of Iron Tools j and their Knives, Axes, lind other Inftruments, arc made of Flints, and other iharp Stones. When the Illinois go upon any Expedition, the whole Village mult have notice of ip,^ and therefore tbey ufe to make an Out-cry at the Oodr of their * Huts the Evening before they go, and the Morning they are to fetout. Their Captains are diftingui(h*d from the Soldiers by Red Scarfs, made with the Hair of Bears or Wild Bulls, that are corioufly wrought. They have abundance of Game j and their Soil is fo fertile, that their Indian Corn never feils, and therefore they never labour under Famine. They fow Beans and IVleloQs, which are excellent, and * efpecially thofe whofe Seed is Red. They greatly efteem their Citruls, though they are none of the belt. They dry them up, and keep them dll the Winter and Spring. Their Cabins are very large \ they are made , coverM , and pav'd with Mats of Marifti-Rufhes. Their Diflies arc of Wood •, but their Spoons ^re made of the Bones of the Skulls of Wild-Oxen, which they cut fo as to make] them very convenient to eat their Sagamite. Tbey have Phyficians amongft them , towards whom they are very liberal when they are (ick, thinking that the Operation of the Remedies they take , is proportionable to the Prefents they make unto thofe who have prefcrilxM them. They have no other Clothes but Skins of Beads, which ferve to cover their Women j for the Men go moft of the Year ftark-nakcd. I don't know by what Superflition feme of the Illinois ^n^ 7 louejfians ^tzv Womens Apparel. When they have taken the fame, which they do in their Youth, they never leave it off s and certainly there muft be fome Myftery in this Matter, for they never Marry^ and work in the Cabins with Women, which other Men think br- low them to do. They may go however to their Wars, Jeverst Countries in America. 199'^ Wars, but they muft ufc only a Club, and not Bowi and Arrows, which are fit, as they fay, for Men alone. They aflilb at all the Soperftitions of thei^ Juglers^ and their folemn Dances in honour of the Calumety in which they may fing, but it is nbt law«^ ful for them to Dance. They arc callM to their Councils, and nothing is deterrain'd without their Advice; for, becaufe of their extraordinary way of Living, they are lookM upon as ManitouSy Qr atleait for great and incomparable Genius's. I muft fpeak hereof tht Calumet^ the moft my- fterious thing in the World. The Scepters of our Kings are not fo much refpeded ; for the Savages have fuch a Deference for this Pipe, that one may call it. The God of Peace and War^ and the jirhiter ef Life and Death. One, with this Calumet^- may ven- ture amongft his Enemies, and' in the hotteft En- gagement they lay down their Arms before this Sai* cred Pipe. The Jttinois prefented me with one of them, which was very ufefulto us in burVoyagk Their Calumet of Peace is different from the CalunOt of lVar\ They make ufe of the former to feal their Alliances and Treaties, to travel with fafety, and it- ceivc Strangers j and the other is to proclaim War. Ic is made of a Red Stone like our Marble ; the Head is like our common Tobacco-Pipes, but lar- ger y and it is fixt to a hollow Reed, to hold it for fmoaking. They adorn it with fine Feathers of fe- veral Colours j and they call it, The Calumet of the Sm^ to whom th^y prefent it, efpecially when they want fair Weather or Rain, thinking that that Pla- tiet can bave no lefs refpe^for it than Men have, and therefore that they fhall obtain their Defires. They dare not wafti themfelvcs in Rivers in the be- ginning of the Summer, or tafte the new Fruit of Trees, before they have dancM the Calumet^ which they do in the following manner : This "msh^ loo A Nm Difcovtry cf This Dance of the Column is a fotemn Ceremo- ny amongft the Savages, which they perform upon important Occaiionsy as to confirm an Alliance, or makepeace with their Neighbours. They ofe italfo to entertain any Nation that comes to viHt them ^ and in this Cafe we may confider it as th^ir Balls. They perform it in Winter-time in their Cabins, and in the open Field in the Snmmen They cbufe for that pnrpofe a fet Place among Trees, to /belter them- ftlves againd the Heat of the Sun, and la^ in the middle a large Matt . as a Carpet, to lay upon the God of the:Chief of the Company, who gave the Ball 9 for every one has his peculiar God, whom they call Manitoa. It is fometime a Stbne, a Bird, a Serpent, or any thing elfe that tliey dream of in their Sleep ; for they think this Manitoa will fup- ply their .Wants, by Fiihlng, Hunting, and other Eriterprizes. To the Right of their Manitoa they place the Calumet^ their Great Deity, making round aibout it a kind of Trophy with their Arms , vit, their Clubs, Axes, Bows, Qiiivei;Sj and Ar- rows^ . Things being thus difposM . and the Hour of Dancing coming on, thofe who are to fing, take the molt Honourable Seats un(ier the Shadow of the Trees, or the Green Arbours they make in cafe the Trees be not thick enough to (hadow them. They chufe for this Service the bed Wits amongft them, either Men or Women. Every Body fits down af- terwards, round about, as they come, having firit of all faluted the Manitoa^ which they do in blow- ing the Smoak of their Tobacco upon it , which is as much as offering to it Frankincenfe. Every Bo^ dy, one after another; takes the Calumet^ and hold* ingit with hk two Hands, dances with it, follow- ing the Cadence of the Songs. This freludium be- ing over, he who is to begin the Dance, appears in the middle of the AfTembly, and havii^ taken the Calumet J Calumet^ prcfents It to the Son, as if^hc wouM i^* vitc him to fmokc. Then hci^ibvci it Into $iiiil* finite number of Pofttires, ibmetili{6§ laying it n^ thcGrotind, th«n ftrctchmg its WiAp, as If he wdju!^- make it fly, and then preftnts it to the Spe^4tpfS» who fmoke with it one aftfcr another, dancifig aU the i^ile. This is the fkft Scen^ bf this ifanioi» Ball : The Second.!^ a Fight, with A/obl and Inftrii- mental Mufickj for they have a ^iid of Di^uin,* which agrees pretty well witb tlie Voices. The Perfpn who dances With the C/^/«i^f, gives a Sig^- nal to one of their V^arriours, Who takes a Bow.' and Arrows, with 'an Ax, from the "trophy alrea- dy mention'd, and fights the other, who defends- himfelf with the Calumet alone, both of them dah-^ cing all the while. The Fight being over, he who holds the Cti cerning thofe Monfters, jNt heard a great. N^fil of Waters, and fsm feverai Pieces % 'timber^ and imall floatMg Iflands, which were hudled down the River Pehtatmi. The Waters of this Riv^ are fo muddy, becaufe of the violence of its Streani; that it is impoflible to^ drink of it, and they fpoil the Clearne^ ot the MiffiBpu and malte its Navigation very dangerous in this Place. This^ Rb* ver rnns from the Nort^ Weft ^ and I hope to dii^ cover, in following its channel towards its Source^ feme other River tnat difcharges it ^into the Mar Marvejo^ or the Caliphoman-Gti^, The Savages told me, That about fix Days Journey from its Mouth, there is a Mieadow of thirty L($agues broad, at the end wherof, diredly to Ihe North- WeB:', is a foialF River, which is almof!; navigable for Ccinows , and runs to the South- Wefl; into a Lake, from which (prings a deep River , wliicb runs di- redly Weft ward into the Sea, wHich cemkily muft be the Mar p^errn^o v and I hope I (hall ha^e, one time or other, the opportunity to undertake that Difcovery, to inftmd: thQiJe poor Nations who have been fo long ignorant of their Creator. But leaving this Digreffion, I return to the Mif-^ About %o Leagues lower than the Ptkitanoni^ we met another River called OM4^oMj%i)«, which runs into the Miftffipi , in -the Latitude of 35 degree. i but' before we arrivM there, we pafs'd tbrou^^a moft formidable Place to the Savages, who bcUeve that a Manitoa^ or Devil, relidesin that Place ^ to deftroy fuch who are fo bold as to come near it. They told us dreadful Stories to deter us from our Undertaking ^ but this terrible Hh 2 A^* AianHoa pfoves nothing but fome Rocks in a turn- ing of the River, about thirty foot high, againft whom the Stream runs with a great violence ; and being beaten back by the Rocks and Ifland near it, the Waters make a great noife , and flew with a great rapidity through a narrow Canal , which is certainly very dangerous to unskUftil Canow-men. This River Ouaboushigou comes from the Eaftward , the Chuoanous inhabit its Banks, and are fo numerous, that I have been informM there are thirty eight Villages of that Nation fituated on this River. This People is much infefted by the /ro- quois^ who make a cruel War upon them with* out any Provocation, but only becaufe they are a poor harmlefs Nation, uhacquamted with any -*^rms. They. take them without any refiftanc^ and, carry them into Slavery. A little above the Mouth of the River, we faw ibme Downs,* wherein our Men difcoverM a good Iron-Mine : They faw feveral Veins of it) and a Lay of about a foot thick. There is alfo a great quantity of it adhering to the Flints, .ibme of which they brought into our Canow. There is alfi> a kind of fat Earth of three different Co- lours, viTL, Purple, Violet, and Red, which turns the Water into a deep Blood-colour. We found alfo a red Sand very heavy : I put fome upon my Oar, which immediately became red ^ and the Wa- ters could not walh it away for a Fortnight toge;- thcr. We had feen no Reeds or Canes 5 but they begin to be fo thick in this Place, that Wild Bulls caa hardly go through them. They grow very high and big, and their Knots are crown'd with fcvcral Leaves long and Iharp, the greennef%whcrc- of is incomparable. * • , i! 'We had not been troubled hitherto, with Gnats^ b rheV began to be very troublcfome to us a *^ 4 a tie iv^wet in the Ouabouski^ou, The Savages who * u ' it V inhabit fever d Comtries in Aitbrica. iw^ inhabit this Goancry are oblig'dt(^'bidld {their Htti^ n a diffeniQt manner from the other, becanfe^ thofe trojbleibme Flies. Thejr drive* into 'thi Grourld big Poles, very near one another ; which fupport a large Hurdle, which (erves them inffcead of a Floor, under which they maite tiiett Fire ^ and the Smoak drives away thofe ^ Gf^ tnres, who cannot abide it. They lay npoH that Hurdle, the Roof whereof is coverM with Skins againft the Rain, and fervesalfo to (helt<^ them againft the Heat of the Sum The fami Reafon oblig'd us to makQ a Gabin over pur €a<^ now. •• ■': "•^■' -■^^' As we were conddering the Coiintry, the Banki of the River being very low, we dilboverM ftve* ral Savages armM with Fire-Arms, waiting fof ut upon the Shoar, wher« the Stream of the River carried us. Our Mbn preparM themfelves to 4ight^ and it was refolvM to let them fife firft of aUJ' and as we came near, I fpoke to them in the Lan-^ guage of the Hmms^^ and fliew'd my CaimuP of Peace V but they did not anfwer me,,: which wtf took for a Declaration of War. > However^ we refolv'd to venture to pafs) but^when they hadl feen'us at a nearer d^ance, they delir'd us ifl^ friendly manner to come to their Habitatiot^^ where they entertained us with Beef and Oil bf Bearsy together with white Plums,i^as good ever/ whit as ours. Thefe ^avages^ tiave Guns, Knivel^ Axes, Shovels, Glafs^Beads, and Bottles whefttft they put their Gunpowder. They wear ■ tfteli? Hair long as tht Iroquois do, ahd their Women are covered as they are; amonft the Hur(m, They told us , That they were only within Ten I>ayil Journey of the Sea^ that they bought thofe Commodities from Europeans who live to the Eaft- ward J that th^fe ^uy^peam had images and Beads; Hh 3. that 3 pfid 'JNeiHH of tj0^ej play uponlnftruiiMmts; thai; feme were IJboaJt^M as I wai» and that they were ?ery kind to ^ Ifaem. However, I could find nothing in them that c^d perfoade me that tbey bad receiv'd any Inftru* l^ioAS; about our Holy Religion. I endeavbur'd to £^ them a general Idea of it, and prefenced them ^11^) ioine Medals to put them in mind of y-^W account given us by the Savages was a j|^:)[^;j£ncourageiiient to us, in hopes to fee the Sit in a few Days ; and therefore we row'd lEJih an extraordinary vigour. The Banlcs of the River began to be covered with high Trees, iWhi^ lundefd u$ from obferving the Country, ^> we 'had done all along, but we judged from the Mlowing 9f the Bulls, that tic Meadows are) Very near. We i«v ibme Qpaib on the )j^afei^'iide, and fhot a finall Parrot , who had pm half of his Head red , and the other paft and thel^Ck yellow , and the .reft of the Body ^een. Wt ifmd our felves in this Place ia the Lati- lade* 4»f ^3. Degrees, fteering diredly Southerly^ and a lictle while afterwards we ' difcover'd a Village on the River-fide calM Michigamea. The Sai^sfits tnade a great noift, and appeared in ^mi, dividing themfdves into thrcie Parties, one of Mchich ftood on the Shear, while the others ^ent into their Wooden Ganows , to intercept pur Aitfreat, and prevent our efcape. They were «rm-d with Bows and Arrows , Chibs , Axes , and Bncklersi Notwithftanding thefe Preparati- pus , we rowM diredly to she Shoar , where ^r main Body ftood } and as we came near, two of tiieir young Warriours flung themfelves into the Water to board my Canow, which he would havf done, had not the rapidity of' the Stream prevented his Delign j fo that they ffe«M ^crc fivtrd €im$triis m 4itieriqJ |(^ were forc'd to rctqrn «-ilM^«, J^vji^jh^^ lit OS their Gtibs^ which hj .fo^od fer^ae jifiqit over our Heads. I prefented n^ , Cornet /oiMfcci but they were fo imTy that «(iejr £Qii)|d vm^ $^«* However , as t^ advaiicM in a B^jr |o fboot at ps, the SfV^^gea^ SI9b« Captain was.ilandiog in the ficft^ .hpUUng Ul><^ lumetf of which he aade metal Motiom f kIK^ cording to the Cuftoms ^ Mt G^Patvy^ I.ibltd up likewlfe in nw Canow wilh^my 4?4#pmw^ 1.4c which ^hey were lo pleas'di that tbef mn m^fwtk all imaginable Demonfh-ations of Joy^ lilt^ri^ with Songs- and Shouts. They prefented nt thcb' CaiMmt to fmoaki and foma Bread made of M- 41 h 4 . 4MEf soj A^N^ Pifmw) of ^^^ .Corii« and then returned home, bidding Qs tp r|bl[l^ fi>me J0MdfV, who had an Habitation to the «A)V^8ftwatd within, four Days Journey of them : Th^t fftho Savage's who'nt wt had met with Fire- Arms « >i|wterc cheir Enerrii^s^ who hindt<;d their Commerce -t^iAUhe ^wtofcmtti arid that we ftould be expos'd -^«o erftat'OaB^crs, if we did venture to proceed far- ^•fc«r2ibcclBfc^Mc8avages vi^re continually cruifing ^«on«Ci»rK*iV^. ■ Iff the meantime, they brought us i^^itmiii4ft4fiknta- with fom^ roafted Corji, and a 1'3^'iir a Ddg. •aWh ;,!j*;i. K * Thcfc ii Thefe Savages are very <;oar^ous, and) igive - freely what they have; but their Provifionl are but indifferent, becaufe they dare npc leave ^letr. Habitation to go a Hunting for .fear ci theic!' Enemies. They have JmUan Cor^i in great plen- ty, and at all times^ having three Crops every Year. They road it, or elfe boU it in great/ Pots pf Earth, which are curipuQy made. > Th^-*' go naked, and wear their Hajir very ihoft, b(^ ring their Ears, which they adorn with Ringt of Glafs-Beads; but their Women are oovei'd with Skins, having their ifair divided into two Trefles, which they throw behind their Back, without any other Ornament. Thtir Feaftt are without any Ceremony .* They ferye their Meatp in great Di|hes, and every o^tf^ a» mucitju^ihe pleafes. Their Liapguage is y^ry difficult, tinid 1 could never pronounce any WPfd pf i|* Hlwtif Cabins are made with ;he Barl^of Tree^i jmd are generally very long, tbfy )ie at the t9io ends, their ficds being abq^t two fpo| h^gbei: than the Floor. They kc^p.llieir Corn, in Pa- niers made of Rufhes, or in grc^t Courdi^ They have no Beavers, and all their Commodities are the Skins of Wild Bulls. It never fnows in: their Country, and they have no ottier Winter than fome violent Rains, which makes the opiy difib'- ence between Sun^mcr and Winter. They have no other Fruit but Water-Meions, though their Soil might prodi^ie.any other, di;! they know how to cultivate it, They held a Council, wlierein fome propoled to murthcr us, becaufe of (Mii; Commodities; but their Chief oppo&'d that b^fe p«ligp,.«nd having fent for us, aa»tc*d the Calumet in onr Pre- fcnce, which he prefcntcd me with, to feal our com* ' mon Friendlhip. M. Joliet aojl I hi Che mean time caUM «•, f t« jd iWw Pi^wety of oAM dnr Men together, to adrife whether wH Iboo'd proceed any turther, or retam home from thcaoe ^ and bafing conliderM that the Culph of Mi^co iykkg in the Latknde ^of 31 Dq^recs^and VO'' Minote% couM be within three or fotir Days JOfsmeyfromiAia jAamfca^ and ihat- therefore the JH^tfi difchargM it felf into it, and not to the Bflftward of the Cape of Thrida^ or into the GaUfominn^Sea^ as k was expeded, tt was refolv'd to f etum home. We conliderM likewife that the AdiraMige of our great Voys^e won^d be alto- flciilcr loft to nar llation, did we faQ mto the iaidf of the S^iarth^, from whom we couM «xpeft no otiier Treatment but Death or Slaves ty t «nd tlwrefore it was more pmdent to con- lem (mr fdres with this Diibovery, and make a fleporc thereof to thofe wh6 had fent ns. So that 'having reftcd another Day, we left the Vil- lage c^ the Akamfea^ on the 17th of fuly^ ha« viag foUowM tht'^ffiffifi from the Latitude of 42 to 3|4, and pt«achM the Golpel to the ut* noft ot my Power, to the Nations we viiited. We went up ihe River with great difficuhy, be- caofe of the Rapidity of the Stream, and ^eft it in the Latitude of 38 Degrees, and went in* to a River, which conduded |US into the Lake of the /0m0i.f, which Way is much ihorter than the other, by thtitti poor People, that as we were embarkip, "^iliey brought to mc a dyine QiUd, to CkrilKa him, which I did about hidTaa Hour before he dy'd« by i Tpedal providence of God, who was pleasM to fave that imilcent Creature. t •mmmm > m I tt ■!■ ■f v(.. Jhrf^udT \ 212 A Nek DIfcovefy of ,.>. 4 Frequent mentim having been made in the preceding Jovrnal^ef M. du SalleSj i^ maybeexpeHedfome Account JbouMh Jpvenofhis latter Difcoz^ies^ the u^ fortunate Succefs t hereof ^ and hUor»n tragical End 5 which fo difcoura^d the ^X^^ci^9 that they never made ^ further Attempts j - * * ; • .„ 'R. du Satks^ mih divers Fnnch whd did accompany him, ftll do^n to the Mouth of the Great River, where it difembbgiljcs itfcIfMo the GvXf of Mexico '^ but neither feenor any of his Company underftaadihg Navigation, or wahtlrig Inftruments, fanciM they were in the La- titude of 27 Degrees, whereas feiiiiy it was 29 \ and not being able to inform themfelves of its Lon- gitude, or diftance from the moft Wefterly End of the Gulf, they prefum'd they were within a few Leagues of the River of Magdalen^ which is 60 Leagues North of the River of Palms^ and 1 20 from the River Pamco^ z% it is~ reprefented in fieiu w/)iVs Chart, and on the Great Globe of Corowff///i which great Miftake was the caufe of all his Mis- forttnes : For after his return up the River, and through the great Lakes to Canada^ he embrac'd the next Opportunity of returning by Shipping for Franse ; where he to the King and his Minifters gave fuch a favourable Reprcfcntation of the Coun- try, and Commodities tbcrein contained, the Popu- loufncfs * mimmr**i>mim»f>''iiimtm "i^ ' fyt tig for nifters Coun- Popu- mfnefs feverdCottntriesinAttiSXiCZ. 51} loufncfs of the Cotintry, Civifity ofthc^nhabiUnts, far exceeding all the other Natives of America they had the Knowledge of j that the King thereupon ordered him a Fleet, and a very confiderahle Eqol^ «page, viz., a Man of War carrying 55 Guns, agreiat Fly-boat, a Patache, and a Brigantine, with things convenient for cftablilhing a Colony and Trtiffick with the Natives. This Fleet was Commanded by j^. Seaujeau, an Experienc'd Sea- Captain, who was ViduallM for a Year -, and M. du StfUes had under Jiis Command 150 Land-men, who were to fettle in the Country. The Fleet pafsM by Mattinko zxA Cuardaloupe^ where they took in freih ProvHIon and Water, together with clivers Volutttiers^ and by M. duSaUe'*s Direfiion, failM thence to the North** *^Wcft end of the Gulf, in 27 Degrees. When they arrivM there, they were in great Conftilioti, not being able to come near the Coaft of Florida^ by realbn ofa long Bank RecifT, or as the French ml it, Contre-coftcj which they fearch'd for ibme hundfcd Miles. It was no where above a Musket- (hot 'over, «nd every twenty or thirty Miles there was a Breach, by which the Water ifTu'd out of a vaft Lagune^ whofe breadth they could not learn. They went in their Shfp-Boat above forty Miles, and could not gaii^ light of the main Land or Continent. This Lagune was ibiaifow, in fome Places fix foot, in few above nine or ten ^ there are fcatterM up and down in^ it divers fmall Iflands, upon one of them they found above four hundred Indians^ who did pot in- habit there, but came accidentally, being upon fome expedition. They were all Archers, vei^ pro- per goodly Men ^ their Hutts were cover'd with Skins of tiie wild crook-back Kine, which the Fremb call Pefikieus^ the Spaniards Corcobades^ or Crook- back. They convcrs'd and traffickM very friendly with the French divers Weeks, until an unhappy Ac- cident made a great Breach. . ^ . /., • '^ , M. du I#'; fi/LdnSoBe^ againft the Opinion of m titots; would Adventure die Fly-boat throngbone of the ^eachlt into the Ltmme^ apprehencHng he had found a Channel of (bffident depth, through which he imght pafs to the Continent : But virhecher the Channel wii too ihallow, or that they mtibook it, the Fly-boat was loft, and the Fngat drawing lit- tle Water, efcapM. The /k^mi upon the Ifland fav^d fome fmaU matter of the Wreck, which die JFttneb would take by force from them : They ofFer'd in exchange Skins, and fuch other Commodities as they had. The French when they could get no jasbrty took two of their Piroques^ or large Ca* BOWS 9 which being abiblutely necefiary for them, and without which they could not poffibly return to the main Land from whence they came, occa- iionM a Skirmifh, in which the French lofl fifce^n Men, and the IneUam many more. M; du S^tkshe' Ing almoU diftraded, not knowing how to findfthe Mouth of the River, took the Frigat, divers Boats imd Pinnaces, together with a hundred and fifty Men, and Provilions for a Month, and cro&'d tlie tagitAey with an intention to Tearch the Coaft till he found the Mouth of the Great Riven M. Btmjeau waited ten Weeks^, and heard no Tidings from him, it being in the Heat of Summer. They wan- ting Water and Provilions, befides abundance of his Men fiilling Sick of Fevers and IUoody«fiuxes, he departed for France , withom: any news of M. du Salie \ who after he departed from the Ships, ram- bled fome Days in the Lagtme, and coafted the Main chiefly toward the Weft i which was direftly con- trary to the Courfe he Ihould have taken, the great River being diftant above one hundred Leagues to the Eaft. But mauy believe M. du Salle was guilty of a wilful miftake ; for he perfuaded his Men, that fincc they could not find the River, and were come to the River of SC. MagdaUtu being tlic North- Wcfterly Wefterly end of :he Gutfy wbieh wii$ tok ^^ two hundred Leagues from thidrkk }^rm ciEmkbif^ ^oHta Barbara^ ta Pefrakj and othert in the Pir6Viildir^ of Sasfoteeasy where the Spammds are few, ^d sM ^ Warlike^ they could not fail of rfeh and eaff Boo^ This PropofitioB occafionM a gre«tDivifion amon^ his men^ and deadly Feuds : One purt were re^Sy to comj^ with bb Projed ; others for returnling ttf , their Shi]» ^ a third Party for fiuM-chiag the Conti* nent towards the £aft, till they foand the Great River, ao^ then return and Pilot the Ship thither, and purfue their Inftnidions of Planting and Tr^ ding. From Words they catne to Blows ^ many w^e kill'd in the Scuffie^ and amongl! others, M. duSalh very treacheroufly by one of his pretended Friends. Upon his Death they divided, and took feveral Courfes. They that returnM to feek the Ship, found it departed, and pwere never heard of fiaco') others fcatter'd^ Tome Eatferly, fome Wefterly, and Nor- therly. When I receivM this Account, whicljtwas above three Years after this difaitrous Expisdido^ not above Six were returnM to Cf^f^, and amonglE them JVt ■-, I Am informM a large Map, or Di^ghr, of this Country is preparing, togctliaririth a very par- ticular Accoant of the Natives, their Cuftoms, Re. lipni, Comliioditi^, ai|d Materials for diveri forts 6fManp^mrc%|«rhich are by the £«^^ procurM* at great BxpeacelromotfeCountriw. j 1 ■ i * ^ ■# 'L .. iinepat^ ' agreed c^Ldrds entpro- c being $ gcne- tfae Sue- peded: ate, the of the ibitartcs, iag»d, le 5 oae^f and the ^•j 'i of this 5ty par* ns^ Re« srft forts nrocur'd'