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12 3
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■ IIIIIIIIHWWMHIIHI
i
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!
1:
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ii
»
A RACE rOR EMPIRE
fe
AND
OTHER TRUE TALES
OF THE NORTHWEST
I
I
'D^
>s»^'"*,«».
imam
IJAVE you hicard rf tl^e triaq and thje woqderful ride
I Th,at saved tl^e Nortliv/t, t coast to our side;
Of \i\e qaq v/ho crossed tl^e plaiqs vii{\\ Fjis hride;
Built a wagoq road over tf^e Great Divide
To rrjake hi'H ^ ^o"^® °1 "''^ <''^'="' ^''■'^®'
Thieq sacrificed self for the land if f^is pride,
Ar^d, to save it for us, as a rrjartyr died ?
-U.0. 0. J Fairfitld.
wmmm
'
*f/^#^
,»i
--'^^^ ;£7*>^
" WHERE ROi-i-S THE OREGON "
B')« Car.y.in ,.n Pen. I (I O^e 'c R'ver, one of th« chief soufcos of ttie Coluir.bii, fotmeily cal ed
tl-9 O'egofi.
Jy»
>iij»"*V^
'^^-'i^ ^"
^'^ Vjfl»''
A racp: for empire
A M »
%
Other True Talcs ot the Northwest.
-^ vig^^
PUBLISHED BY
THE MO H NINO SPOKESMAN-REVIEW,
SPOKANE, WASH.
18t)(i.
in^
'■
COPYRIGHT, 1806,
llV T|{E
REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY,
SPOKANE, WASH.
RAN-n, McXaLI.V & Co , ruiNTKR:- ANO EXCRAVERS, CTIICAHO.
'A CX)l'RIHR Ol^ THE WKST."
WluTo tin- itifitintninA tnrn tnthi* ^Iuwint{ wt-ni.
Ami hliilu- In till' hllllHi't »VH.
(inil |)1anti-il a K'^ril^'n <•!' lovi'lincHH,
A Kiirili'ii iif ili'siiny "
'I'^N'lCk was Wiildill;;' jiitit-
lU'V !il<c uiUu that nl'
Maixiis Whilniaii and
Henry Spaldinj,^ and Ihcii-
briik's. Ill suhlinic inspira-
tiiin, liLTdic cxci-'Utiiiii, and
mmaiUic inciilenl, Aiiuri-
can liistory has iKitliiii.i^
more beautiful nr impres-
sive. On tile 4lh clay of
July, iS ;d, these iiiissiiniar-
ies (if the iXnieriean I'mard
and their youn^j brides
halted iiixm the siininiil
of the Rocky Mcjiintains,
and tliere, ainoiij,'- the
snowy watchtowers of
the world, with the
waters flowinj,'' upon one
hand to the Mexie (Wilf,
and upon the other to
the Paeific, they raised
the stars and stripes, and
yave thanks to (lod for
their preservation in the
wilderness, anionjr savaj^^e
tribes and half-savaj^e
white men.
Six years later, Fre-
mont passed over this
same South Pass of the
Rocky Mountains, and
men ehcered his name
and called him Path-
finder. Pathfinder, for-
sooth ! F i n d i n jr the
paths which women's
feet had trod !
These were the first
white women to cross
the Rocky Mountains
and follow the western waters to the sea.
Waailaitpu the red men called their mi.ssion
home, and Walla Walla the waters by which they
pitched their tents in the fair, wild vale into which
their Indian jjuidcs had broujiht them. Walla
Walla — v-hcre the waters meet — the Indians
called it then, and AValla Walla it will remain for-
ever, biiause tile pioueirs loved the name ami
handed it down to their children.
It was n veritable no man's land, elainud alike
by I".iij;laii<l ami America, and held b_\- both under
a truce of joint occupation, luijjland asserted title
south to the forty-sixth parallel, a claim which, if
sustained, would have j^iven that country all of the
jircseut State of Washin^rton and the j^^reater part
of the State of ()re),n)n. In a feeble way the
United States claimed title north to the line of
lifty-four forty, but our statesmen were apathetic,
and some of them were clamoring; for abandon-
ment of everythiu);' west of the Rocky Moun-
t.iins.
Thus drifted atVairs until the summer of 1X4.'.
Lord Ashburton for Kn;;-
land, and I)aniel Wcbstir
for the United States,
then nejfcjtiated a treaty
defininjj the l)ouiular\'
line between the United
.States and Canada. They
a},>-reed on the forty-ninth
parallel as far west as the
Lake of the Woods;
beyond that the treaty of
joint occi'.pation was con-
tinued. Enj^land was
bidinji' her time. .She
had her j^reedy fur hunt-
ers in the " Orej^on Coun-
try," and they were
coaxinj;' in settlers from
the Red River Valley
of Canada. The United
States had a little mis-
sion band, but what were
these, thought Enjjland.
L^pon a memorable
October day in 1842, Doc-
tor Whitman was called
away from the mission t(j
one of the Hudson Bay
posts, to set a broken
liiiib. There was a j^oodly company at dinner,
and while they were at their toasts, a courier came
in from the north with the news that a larj^e coni-
])any of British settlers were arrived in the Colville
Valley. " Hurrah I" exclaimed a young officer ;
" the countrv is ours, the Yankees are too late."
:m
INDIAN Tl rn ,
Xiit ;i wurd said Marcus Wliifiaii. He called
for !ns liorse and rode inii)etii(iusiy to his inissiim
htiiiie. Wlieii he drew rein at Waaiiait])ii, his
steed was l'i)ani-llecked,
and he was hatless. Ilis
wife and associates had
seen him cninini; from
the south, and liad ^due
out to meet him and
learn tiie occasion of his
excitement. In hurried
words he informed them
of the danjjer of British
occui)ation, and declared
his ])uri)ose of ridini^' to
the nation's capital and
warninj;- the administra-
tion of the dan;4er. I'leatl-
in^s and ])rotests were of no avail. -\ conference
of the mission baud was held. " 1 want your con-
sent," said Marcus Whitman, "hut I am j^cjin;;-
whetiier you jjive it or not."
With Amos Lovcjoy for companion, the hero of
the West j;allo|)ed away on a ride that was des-
tined to become memorable in the annals of the
heroic. Washinj.;ton City 4,000 miles away, and
winter cominj^ on I At the crossing;; of the Cirande,
his ji^uide refused to ijhinjrc into the half-frozen
torrent. Whitman led the way, broke the ice,
swam the icy current in midstream, and breakin;f
the ice upon the other shore, reached solid land
aj^'^ain. Awed by tiiis feat of darinJ,^ the ^uide
followed the preacher.
Floundcrinjr throuj^h deep snowdrifts, fordinj,^
half-frozen rivers, facinjf the blizzard of the j^reat
plains and the intense cold of tin; mountain
passes, subsistinijf on do^ and mule meat, always
undeterred by dani,a'rs, always turninj;- a deaf ear
not bo
NDIAN SWtAT BiTH
to a|)peals to pause at liie fiw loni'ly
forts en route, Whilnian imle on to
save ()reK<>n anil be(|Ueath an I'Uipire
to the t]nn he loved.
l"i\'e months from the day he ;;al-
loped out of the mission station in the
far-disiant < )re).;on country. Whitman
walked ilown tne streets of Wa.siiinj.j-
ton, clad in ttirs, a tijjure eonimaiulinj.j
the respectful atti'Ution of diplomats
an<l Senators. Ili' ari.;ucd with Web-
ster; he pleaded with President Tyler,
lie jjrew ehxpient in jiicturin^^ the
beauty and richness of the land that
was trembling;- in the scales.
"The couiitr\' can never be saved,"
said Oa'iiel Webster, "because it can
occupied by American settlers. ( )ur
l)ionecrs will not ^o i^i numbers where they
can not take their wajj'ons."
" They can take their
uaj^ons 'o ()re],fon," re-
|ilicd the heroic rider
from the West. " 1 know
it, because I have taken
wheels into that country
myself."
" Mr. Whitman, " said
the I'resiilent, " we will
,L;ivt' you this i)romise:
The (iovernment will
not surrender ()rej,fon
until you ha\e had an
op po r t u n i t y to prove
whether settLrs can ;;()
there with tlieir waj^ons."
Whitman had foreseen the needful. Under
annoyin;,' ])rotests from the j;uides, he had, in i.Sjfj,
INDIANS AT HOME
ii till' liw liiiu'ly
111. Ill fiidc 111) to
liicatli an rini)ire
till.' 'lav lie nal-
iiiii statimi in the
)nnlry, Wliitniaii
c'l'ts (if Wasliiiiff-
;mc tipinniaiulin^f
imi 111' (lipliiinats
411C1I with Wcl)-
I'residont Tyler.
Ill pietiirinj,' the
nt the land that
seales.
never lie saved."
'• lieeausc it eau
111 settlers. Our
ihers where they
L-y ean take their
* fi) ()rej;<Mi," re-
the hen lie rid<T
he Wist. " I kiiDW
aise 1 have taken
into that ennnlry
Whitman," said
•esident, "we will
^■(iii this iirnniise:
(icivernnieiu will
airreiidei" ()rej.j<)n
yon have had an
rt unity to prove
er settlors ean ^o
needful. L'nder
dcs, he had, in i.Sj6,
taken wheels aeross the eoiiiiiKiit and into the
jrreat valley of the Cohinihia. lit.- kne\*'; they
did not. As lie rude through the borderland on
his way to Washinj^tou, he had ))assed the word
aloii;;; "Meet 1110 on the bonier in June, and I
will jiuide yoii to ()rej;c' "
IJaek to the West rode the intrepid missionary.
At Independenei', Mo., 1,000 immij^rants with 500
rilles were waitinj;- for ttu'ir nuide, lie fiiltilled
liis promise, lie piloted them aeross the loneh'
ileserts and the wild inountains. lie found the
fords; he eiired the siik; he led
the lon^ train to j,nvi'n j.;rass
and fresh wati'r. He took tlieiu
to ()i V u with their wa.i;oiis
and their rilles, and the wcni
went baek, and tlious;mtls to<ik
eoiiraj.fo and followeil, an
( )reL;dn was saved — saved b\
W.ives the red stalldanl of llritaiu, ai e the wiUI
and majestic Selkirks, and far to the Hoiitli lie the
folds of the soft and entrain in;,' Mine Mountains,
as ).;raeeful in tlu'ir Titaiiie drapery as the shining;
folds of a silken j^ariiunt. l'i\e Inindriil mili's, ;»«
the ea;,;le llir>, is the diameter of this noble basin.
Ami everywhere run crystal streams to the west;
and evi! ywlure is heard the soothinjf voiee of the
wi'st wind anion;; the evergreens, or the softer
rust V if tlie buneh jjrass of the prairies, The for-
ests 1 aeli out their loiij.; arms and einbraie the
prairies, and the
pi'airies throw
lie.nitifiil ^^ladcs
amiiuj; the |iiiie
iri'i's and the
I ed.ii's.
le majeslio
riv els ' the t'o-
uinbia, whieh
Mryaiit k 11 e w
as the < l|e;;cin,
when it " knew
no '■iiiu.d ^,l\e
Marcus Whitman. I'our
years later the path-
linder and the i)atriot
beeanii; the martyr of
the cross. Himself and
t"aithful wife, two adopted
children, and ten otliers wei'i
slain by Cayuse Indians. Near
the fair city of Walla Walla, by
the site of the old mi.ssion lioiiic. views near spok
is a j,rreat .i;rave, and therein lies forever
the honori.'d dust of the patriot and the martyr.
And it was a fair land and pleasing- — a land of
sunny slo))cs and billowy prairies, of tleei> and
solemn forest, and snowj" mountain summit.
When the world was youii^^, the Creator lifted up
f<iur vast chains of mountains, and it w;'.s in the
hollow betveeii them that he led his servant and
made of him the instrument of a nol)le destiny.
The (Ireat Stony Mountains form the eastern
wall; the Cascades, or the Presidential Kan^e. are
upon the west. Far to the north, where ii<iw
its own ilashir. 's " ; the silvery Snaki, tiio
Clearwater, the Peiul d'Oreille, the Kootenai,
iiid the crystal S])okaiie,fallinjf in ripjile, ar.d
cascade, and cataract adown a vale of surpass-
\\tii beauty — j^atlier the water tribute <if this fair
domain and bear it to the sea.
And from the ^reat sea ccnne the lordly salmon,
leajMnj;' in the rainbow of the falls; and the lusty
trout darts throuj^h ])ools of crystal clearness, or
springs into the sumnier air to jirey ii])on tliC
win,i;ed insects that flutter their briel life above
the water.
If one could have the ea,i;le's vision and stand
ti])on the summit of some lofty ])eak in the liittcr
Root s])ur of the Rocky Mountains, his eye would
be charmed with a view of humlreds of t'orest-
f
:l
|i
THE GENTLE PALOUSE.
frinjrwl lakes and ininintain tarns — some of these
of great extent, and all of depth and elearness;
he would see the white man's steamboat and the
Indian's canoe rocked by the same wave; and if
ONE OF SPOKANE S Biu blOHtb
steamboat and the
same wave; and if
CCEUR D'ALENE park, SPOKANE.
the time were summer, ne would see thousands of
merry campers by the shore. For this is a land
where people take their outinjj as they take on
lijjhter raiment in the summer, as matter of
course. Everybody goes campinj;^, and even the
ladies fillip the rod and poise the rifle.
These, however, are the more sentimental and
recreative phases of this land that Whitman
.saved. It i.s, moreover, a land of marvelous nat-
ural wealth and resource, where plenty is the rule
and failure the exception. If you would learn
what your countrymen and cousins have done in
this land which Whitman saved to the stars and
stripes, read on.
♦'LAND OF THE SUNSET SHORP:S."
CHACO, ^lAXITCII, KUMTUX — COME, SEE, KNOW.
r
iHE sjiirit (if unrest which now
prevails in the States east of the
Mississippi seems to have contrib-
uted to a widespread desire for a
ehanjjfe of base, and as the star of
empire courses its way westward,
all eyes are turned toward the Paci-
fic for some sijjfn of encourayemeut,
and all ears listen for tidinj^'s of the
new land of the sunset shores. The
; access of a majority of homeseek-
ers in this portion of the Northwest
has inspired multitudes to follow,
r.nd to try anew their fortunes where
success has come to so many so quicklj-. It has
.ecently dawned upon the Eastern mind that the
amount of ^ood ajjricultural lands, in jiroportion
to the entire area of this rey^ion, is much j,'-reater
Igfr^'^^^pr
W^-' ^ '
'\
r
i
■ Sm
z' -'^i^^^^^^^H
r. ^i
- - '~::a\- ■4tmf
■■..,/ Ma y\
/ •
^■"'■^
Wa-ha falls, near lewiston.
than has been properl)' shown, or even supposed.
As matter of fact, the proportion is about as jifreat
as in New York, Pennsylvania, or Virginia. All
kinds and branches of farminjif known to northern
latitudes are carried on more successfully in
Washington and Idaho than in the Eastern or
f iL
P'^^ffi^
nsomefi
11 ^#1 i«
' : - ■"
SALMON FROM THE SPOKANE RIVER, FIVE MILES BELOW SPOKANE
Middle States. A failure of crops is unknown in
tile historv of this countrv.
[■. ■iifr^'V"* ' .■•^" t"- <^,
*"<..,- 1
M /^M
^3
%'M'^W'^--4
^S
W^^^^^CMi
fi3l*»e' 4\ ':#IaJ
SPORT ON LOON LAKE.
In the selection of a permanent location, climate
is a matter of th'j first consideration. The climate
of Eastern Washington and Idaho, owing to the
10
5.
nown to northern
successfully in
1 the Eastern or
e(Hial)ility of its temperature, is very fine. The
atmos])liere is dry and exhilaratinj,^. The averaj^^e
elevation above the sea level is about 2,200 feet.
The prevailinjj breezes are from the southwest
and come from the Pacific Ocean. Sudden chanjifes
from one e.xtre.ne to another do not occur in this
climate. There are no destructive wind storms
or electrical disturbances; indeed, tluinder and
lij^htninj;- are very rare. Bliz/.ards are unknown.
.Sunstrokes never occur, because of the drvness of
the atmosphere and the activity of the air currents.
The accompanyinjif official table is submitted in
])roof of what has been here stated.
" .\noVK riiK (;R(U\|), iunka i 11 1 111. HKoIND,
K.\( II pRoini r sKi'.Ms riir. iiKsr."
Nature has bestowed upon this rej,don her
favors with a lavish hand. The native resources
.Ml iiiiuii|(k;ii Ai. Data or Spukank, Wash., for Tkn Vkars
— Im 1 1 ipiN(i iss()-<)5.
1^
49
3^i
111
3||
15 8f>
104
NuinbcT of
l)ayH.
'.J
75
Wind.
Vk.vk.
C.t:
S-W
l8S()
l-(>
114
42
1SS7....
47
20.10
126
lOS
15.'
107
S-\V
.1"
l.tSS....
4'l
i7-f>'i
106
.,8
Ill
"57
.S-\V
y
iSSy...
4')
14.27
'17
74
132
"49
S-\V
y
lS(;o
47
l''-57
i"7
,,,•<
1211
147
S-W
4«
1S91
49
1 ().()<)
123
S'*
122
|I>|
S-W
48
lS.,2....
48
1(1. 7S
"19
104
124
138
s
3''
1 Sij3
4(.
22.00
144
78
lo^
1S2
s
3"
'S<M----
4,S
17.84
137
62
I 18
i«S
S-W
39
iS<)5.---
4S_
4"
I3.4f.
17.13
' '7
81
9f>
126
123
158
S-W
42
.AviTiljre
146
S-W
42
XoiK. Owii;^ to ilie l.iw rflati\'f humidity prt'vailin>^ during Uh'
afternoons of tlit- warint-r pans of tin* year,' prostration from heat
(Sunstroke) is unknown in Sjjokane CMiaklks Sikwakt,
January lo, i8(/). Otisi'ivcr L'niteJ S/iilis H'eatlur Hiireaa.
AKE.
mt location, climate
ation. The climiite
daho, owing to the
I. -Low Water on Iho Pond d'Oioille.
IDAHO WATERS.
-Fort Sherman, on Lakt Cosur d'Alene,
3. -Bon Canynn, on the Pend d'Oreillo.
4.— CoBur d'Alene City.
n
5.— Albany Fatli, on the Pend d'Ofe' te,
r
ii
SPOKANE'S NEW WATERWORK'5, COMPLETED IN 1:^96 AT A COST OF $400,000.
Bun. dim; Si'ont., such as white and vari-coh)rcd
marbles, "<lato, j,n-anitc, sandstone, and limestone,
is inexhaustible in quantity, and is of easy access
Wii.i) Fruh's are natural resources of the coun-
try. There are strawberries, raspberries, huckle-
berries, cranberries, serviccbcrries, Oregon grapes,
wild cherries (two kinds), and thimbleberries.
Gr.\ssi s for grazing and hay are abundant.
Bunch grass, redtop, and valley grass flourish on
the ])rairie!., valleys, and foothills of the mountains.
'i lib III! y
■ L'L'
n U:
LL LL , II LI L ^'
Lf LL
T3f *■•* ^ ■
..--*^'
!L LL L'- - L L
LL LL La L t _
'^i H IJ: L I L
^^"^^
MfcDICAL LAKE AbVLUM.
12
WHERE EORIUNES ARE MADE IN A DAY."
rries, Orejjon j^rapes,
thimbleberric.-;.
hay arc ainindant.
ev j^rass flourish on
ills of the mountains.
WM
1
w^
IP
,; L L L
, L L b
' L I L
t
■ .'«
ii ii-^ "
a'
\\\i niinin^r industry stauils
as one of the most ini])or-
tant factors in the oiiura-
tive life of this country. The
results so far have been most
_t;ratifyin,s.;-. ;uk1 there is no
abatement in the fascin.ition
which leads the pros]iector
and operator to further en-
deavor in the search of the
precious minerals.
TiiK Co tu d'Ai.im. Coin I kv,
l)'in}i' eiyhty-livc miles east of
vSpokane, has become faiuous as a
mineral region. It lies
amid the hij^h rujij^ed
mountains of Northern
Idaho, and is reached
by the Orej^on Rail-
way & Navigation and
the Northern Pacific
Railway. The old Mul-
lan road, the military
hijjhway runniny from
Fort Benton, at the
head of navigation on
the Missouri Ri. er, to
Fort Walla V/alla in
AVa.shinj^ton, traverses
nearly the lenj^'t! of
the C(eur d'Alene re-
jfion. The fame (jf
tlie C(tur d'Alenes is
mainly due to their
great silver-lead pro-
ducing mines. These
are mainly located on
the south fork of the
C(x;ur d'Alene River.
The jirineipal mines
in this country are
the Standard, Bunker
Hill & Sullivan, Last
Chance, Tiger, Poor-
man, Had'^er, Gem, Cus-
ter, Black Bear, Morning. Hunter, Granite, .Sierra
Nevada, and Stemwinder. The daily output of
these mines is about 300 tons in concentrates, an
average yield of thirty ounces in silver and 60 per
cent of lead to the ton. When in full operation,
they afford employment to over 3,000 men.
WA-HA CREEK, NEAR LEWISTON.
Additional facilities for concentrating the ores
ha\e been added, and the output will hereafter
be almost doubled.
\Vanlner is headquarters for the liiuiker Hill \-
Sullivan, Last Chance, Tyler, and Sierra Nevada.
Wallace is the largest tov> n i'l this region, and
is the commercial center. Not far from Wallace,
on Nine Mile Canyon, is a groU]> of line claims in
process of development, and which are known as
the lilack Cloud, Califi>rnia, and Panhandle.
Burke is another center of a large mineralized
area. This is the home of the Tiger and Poor-
man mines, two heavy ])roducers. The aggregate
output of these mines is about eighty tons of
c(jncenlrates jjcr da\',
averaging thirty-nine
ounces in silver and 30
l)er cent lead.
Osborne is also a cen-
ter of a rich mining
(iistrict, in which are
St. lolmo, .Mineral Point,
and Killbur) nines, all
of which adjoin on the
.same ledge. The Nel-
lie, War Eagle, Daisy,
Cam]), and Knicker-
bocker are in this dis-
trict.
Gem is on Canyon
Creek, and is one of the
most imi)<>rtant camps
in this region. It is h)-
eated but a few miles
from Wallace. It is
headtpiarters for the
■Standard, (iem, San
I'raneisco, Granite, and
the Formosa grouj).
The ore from these
averages thirty ounces
of silver and 50 per
cent lead.
Mullan is the locality
of what is known as the
Chloride group of mines. This grouj) consists
of the Morning, Evening, Night, Grouse, You-
Like, Independence, Lucretia, and Gettysburg,
besides a number of other valuable jjrojjerties.
The Little Giant grou]) is on Silver Creek, the
central group on Boulder Gulch. The Paymaster,
13
ii
ill
WASHINGTON AND IDAHO MINING SCENES.
J. Air Dtill, Old Domininn Mtne, Colvilln. 2. The Mining Town of Murray. Idaho. 3. An Ore Conct'nlratof, 4. Hydraulic Minmij
5. The Tiijer Mmp. C O-e Houses and Tramways. 7 A Washington Silver Mine. 8. A Coeur d'Alene Mining Camp,
'4
y
■Sfc.^'
»'^^^*^l:«-*t'*s=S*V
f5SV^5«^LJli!?.
lajBRfeitu.
WM;^
Hydrnulic Mining in Idaho,
ene Mining Camp.
Jersey, Little Chirp, and Hiillion are mi Ilimtcr'.s
Gorjje.
IIIK <;()I,I) llKl.T.
The yold belt of the Coeur d'Alcnc cduntry is
located alonjj the north fork of tlie Co-ur d'Alene
jretic veterans and " tenderfoot " scmirinj; tho
hills and hollows in seanh of the preeious min-
erals.
Si r.vKxs Coin 1 V, Wasm. — In Stevens County,
Wash., are a number of silver mines of consiiler-
♦ /
f'M
River and its tributaries, Prich-
ard, Eajrle, and Beaver creeks,
and in the country extendinjc
eastward to the Bitter Root
ilountains. Extensive placer
deposits have been found alony
these streams, and it is esti-
mated that these placers have
yielded about $2,500,000 in
jj^old since 1883. Several com-
panies are operating these
placer fields, near Murray, by
hydraulic methods. Many fine
quartz ledjjes have been found,
and some extensively worked.
The best known of these mines
.:;^^:
?r-^-
'=?^-->l.H'J
alile note. The Old Dominion
Mine, six miles east of Col-
ville, is a well-known producer.
It is well-e(|ui])ped with all of
tlie best mininjif machinery in
use, and has about 6,000 feet
of development; work, consist-
ins,'' of tunnels, shafts, and
cross-cuts. A larjife force of
men are emploj-ed, and it is
rci^arded as one of tlie finest
mines in the Northwest.
The Cleveland Mine is lo-
cated at the southern extremity
I if the Huckleberry Ran.ne,
near the Columbia River.
">.-,
\ '^A
^^
m^
iSP*
-piWrn /.tiH
^,"
/f^: .i'
-*>
|:: U
MINES AND MINING TOWr;S ON THE CANADIAN BORDER.
I. Pilot Bay Smellei
2. Nor'hport, Wash.
4. Group "if Miners, Rossland, B. C.
3. Car of O .' at Mitu'.h of Tu
5, Town of Rossland B C.
are the Mother Lode, the Ciolden Chest, (iolden
Kin),r, Fay Templeton, Idaho, Treasure Box, the
Occident, and the Buckeye jjroup.
Prospecting; for minerals jjoes f)n as vijjforously
as ever, and each summer finds hundreils of ener-
Sprin}.jdale, on the Spokane & Northern Rail-
way, is the shi])pin_n- point fur the Cleveland and
Deer-Trail mines. These mines bear a rich
de])osit of silver-lead ore in a well-delhied c. intact
of lime and yranite. The ore runs about thirty
IS
r
I;
N
ounces of silver and 40 per cent lead to the ton,
tliou^di the Deer-Trail is shi])i)in^r ore much richer
than this averajre. Ten miles northeast of Mar-
cus are a number of lo\v-;;ra(le properties, which
are, however, bij^ in the yield of concentrates, and
are easily mined. In the Northjiort district are
the Silver Crown, North Star, and a number of
other promisinj,' projierties rich in silver. In the
Cluj,'ston district are the Tenderfoot, the Dead
Medicine, and two tine iron mines. The latter are
shippinjc to smelters for fluxiuj^'- pur])oscs. At
Chcwelah are the Ea^de and Jay (lould, now in
process of ilevelopmcnt. i\t Valley are two j^ood
producing iron mines and a number of marble
(piarrics. In the Mctaline district in the north-
eastern part of the county arc a number of mines,
but as yet they are so difficult of access that it is
impossible to ship out the product in anyway
excc])tinj^ iipon pack-horses.
North of Spokane, on the Spokane & Northern
Railroad line and its connections, lie some of the
richest mineral belts ever discovered. The near-
est of these to Spokane is the Trail Creek district.
silver-lead ])roducinj( mines in the world; the Noble
Five, and a host of others — all fine properties, which
lack of space forbids describinjj here.
Kaslo is the supply point on Lake Kootenai for
the Slocan district, and the end of the Kaslo Slo-
can Railway. Ten j^ood jiroducin;^ mines ship
from this point. The ores jrrade hijjh, and the
sup])ly appears inexhaustible. Trail, Nel.son, Slo-
can, Kaslo, and Lardeau may all be properly class-
ified as within the west Kootenai district, which
contains in all about fifty producinjj mines, with
annual a.i,'^''rej,''ate yield, so far, of over |!_^, 000,000.
Ok ANooAN DisikK I. — This well-known district
lies northwest of Spokane nearly 200 miles — or
160 as the bird flies — in Okanoj^an County, and
ciubraccs nearly 3,000 scpiare miles of territory
rich in mineral as well as other resources. Cours-
injif throujrli this country are a number of rivers,
on the boundaries of which are numerous mininj^
canijis. These are the Okanoj^a.,, Similkameen,
.Salmon, Methow, Entiat, and Loi,) Loop rivers.
Placer-miniuif ojierations bej^an on the Similka-
meen more than thirty-five years aj^o. A great
HOWARD STREET, SPOKANE. LOOKING NORTH TOWARD THE
CITY HALL
wherein are located the Le Roi, War Eagle, Crown
Point, Columbia and Kootenai, Center Star, Josie,
Cliff, Nickel Plate, O. K., and a ^ost of others.
These are mostly gold-bearing mines, carrying a
large percentage of copper. The average value
of the product of these mines is $40 per ton.
Rossland, a thriving town of 2,500, is the center of
these operations on Red Mountain, on the course
of Trail Creek. A smelter has been erected at
Trail, on the Columbia, eight miles distant from
Ros.sland, where the product of the Trail Creek
mines is reduced to matte for .shipment to refin-
eries.
Si.(iCAN. — In the great mineral zone lying north
of Spokane is what is known as the Slocan. It is
situated between the Kootenai and Slocan lakes
in British Columbia, and is reached by the Nelson
& Fort Shepperd Railway, and by the Kootenai
River from Bonner's Ferry on the Great Northern
Railway in Idaho. Among the mines in this
diiitrict are the Slocan Star, one of the greatest
RIVERSIDE AVENUE, SPOKANE. LOOKING WEST TOWARD SPOKES-
MAN. REVIEW BUILD NG.
deal of prospecting and considerable development
work has been done during the past ten years.
The number of locations made runs into the
hundreds, and there are a large number of
well-developed mines of unquestionable richness.
There is great diversity in the character of ores
in the different camps. All, excepting the gold
quartz mines, run high in silver. Working lists
show from sixty ounces to 800 oimccs in silver on
the Salmon River at the base of Ruby Hill. A
number of fine properties, carrying silver and
copper, are located on Mineral Hill, northwest of
Conconidly. The lime belt of the Loomiston dis-
trict has a number of wcll-devel >ped properties
rich in gold and silver, chiefly owned by San
Francisco parties. The Palmer Mountain district
has become widely known as a gold region.
Several groups of claims have been located
and worked with success. These are mostly
free-milling ores, and a number run high in
silver.
16
I ■■
w^.'^-n
world; the Noble
jiropcrtics, which
[here.
like Kootenai fur
f the Kaslo Slo-
icinjC mines ship
de hijjh, and the
Trail, Nelson, Slo-
be properly elass-
ai district, which
icinjj mines, with
)f over $5,000,000.
ell-known district
ly 200 miles — or
oiji'an County, and
miles of territory
resources. Cours-
number of rivers,
numerous mininy
iiiii.. vSimilkameen,
Lo.:() Loop rivers.
m on the vSimilka-
ars ajjo. A j^^reat
WEST TOWARD SPOKES-
NG.
arable development
he past ten years,
ado runs into the
large number of
estionable richness.
2 character of ores
2xccptin}jf the gold
rer. Working lists
ounces in silver on
of Ruby Hill. A
arrying silver and
Hill, northwest of
the Loomiston dis-
;vel jped properties
fly owned by San
:r Mountain district
IS a gold region,
lave been located
These are mostly
iber run high in
i^ '
THE NATATORIUM SPOKANE
Tlic (lid phiccr camps of Idaho, lyinj,'' southeast
of Spokane, that produced so imich yold in the
early "6o's" are takinjj on a new lease of life.
Pierce Citv, Elk Citv, Florence, and Warrens are
all comin^j to the front a.^ain, and the outlook for
the future is very brij^dit. I'icree I'ity. tlie oldest
of the canijis, is situated on Oro I'ino Creek,
seventy miles from the railroad at Kendriek, Idalio.
PLiBLiC INbTirUTlONb, bPUKANE.
1 County Court Houso, completed in 1895; cost, $350 000. 2. City Hall, built in 1894, cost, $;65. COO.
i8
3 SpoVana Firo Departrr
f
"WHERi: Cr:RES RKIC.NS.
IN SUNSKTS GOLDEN HOME
;mil tlu' Diitlonk I'lir
.■n.c I'ily, Ihu oldest
u Uro Fine) Creek,
I at Kondric'k, Idaho.
I'l-.RnCNClO lias demonstrated
the fact liere tliat diversified
I'arniiii^ pays the best. A sinj;lo
e-xeejition iiii^^lit, however, be
made as to dairy faniiiiij;'. Cattle
do so well in ICastern Wasliin^;-
ton and are so
entirely free from
dairy snpplies. I'or many years, like all luw
eoiintries north, this rei^ioii was almost wholly
j;ivi'n 11]) to wheat raisin^'. ICastern Washiiif^loii
alone }iililed ij, 000,000 bushels in iS(;(. The
avera;,;e yield i)er aere for the jiast ten years
shows twenty and three-tenths bushels. This
plaj^fucs or diseases com-
mon to cattle in otlier
])arts of the country that
there is .1 common say-
in;^ amon^ breeders and dairy-
men that this re^i<in is the nat-
ural home of cattle. There is
no place in the Union which
otTers better inducements to
dairymen than Spokane and
Eastern Washinfjton. All the
jrreat mininj^ camps for a radius
of 200 miles around Spokane
(le]X'nd ui)on this point for their
3 Spnk.ino Ftro Depattm.-i,'
DIGHTON RANCH ON THE ST JOE RIVER.
averaj^e includes the poorest as well as the best
farming. Careful farmers j,ret from thirty to .sixty
bushels per acre each consecutive year. Wheat
can be j,n-own here for 17 cents a bushel. Add 5
cents for marketini;', wliich brinies it up to 2.:
cents a bushel. Willi a fair averaj^e yield, wheat
at 50 cents ])er bushel will ^ive a net jirolit of not
less than $5.00 per acre.
Oats, barley, and rye do correspondinj^ly well.
I'la.K yields an avera;4e of eijjhteen bushels per
acre, and the market price during the past ten
years has n<it been less than $1.00 per bushel.
Root crops of all kinds do e.xcccdini^ly well. The
averaj.je j'icld of potatoes has been i jo bushels per
acre. This is hij;hcr by twenty-four bushels than
the averaj^e of any other State in the Union.
The soil of Eastern Washinj.jton is of decomi)o.sed
lava, rich with potash, ])hosphates, and silica.
These, with the vegetable mold, promote the
;.;rowth of all cereals to a jjreat dej;ree. The
prairie; are rollini;- and fertile. Tiie hilltops are
;is rich in soils as the richest loam of a river bot-
tom. In fact, the hi<;li, njllin;.^ lands raise heavier
strain than the low, level lands. The latter are
better adapted to timothy and other grasses.
BLACKBERRY PATCH, LEWISTON, IDAHO
I
.i
fi
I
! I
rpuii tlif Iciutliills ;iiul niniiti-
lain sides atv Hats or clfvatid
ti riilc plateaus, which arc (.nnr
nil 'Illy called l)cm.hes. These-
lieiiehcs are often covered with
shrubs and small trees of deeid-
lions jffowth, snch as viiii-
niaiile, mountain ash, alder,
asjien, ha/el, and berry bnslies
(if luaiiv kinds. There aie
lliousands iif acres of these
lands, and many a tine farm
can be seen located upon them.
They are less liable to frosts
than other lands, and they make
the most desirable frnit-j;row-
iii),' lands to be fonnd. Tluy
are {jfenerally well watered by
sjirinji's and monntain streams.
The soil on the benches is
mostly wash and ve>retable loam.
.car.' // FRO'-i /'HEAT v/i;-' - at
PULLMAN. WAbH,
and is as dark as the loams of river-bottom or
swamp lands.
In ICasicrn Washin^ncni and Xortlicni Idaho
there were jirown in iSyj:
< If wlaat, in biislicls i(),(»»i.(hhi
( If <ial-. ■■ (i,ii(«),()(iii
(If liarli-y. " .i.oixj.ix*)
Since then the animal yields lia\e been as j;real,
Inil the jiroportion of the wheat acrcai^e was less
and th.it of oats, barley, rye, and ila.\ has been
j,'reater. Comparative tables exiiibitiii.i;' the jj'rain
yield of fourteen of the j,'-reat j;rain-,L;rowini;- States
show that the yield jicr acre in Wash ini^ ton is
.i^realer bv considerable than lliat of any other
State in the I'nioii.
The latest biennial reporl oi Uie Slate I'.oard of
A^rricultnre and Ilorticnllnre skives sample yields
per acre of vegetables in Wash iiv.^ ton as follows:
{
J
N
t
i
1
\
'■-J
I
Artithokes
r.caii>. jjrctn or Miap
I'.L-ans. l.inia, (hy. ..
IVets
.Jim 111 ',1111 )lUsllL'ls
. 7; In l-'n ■•
_ 7^ I
.41,,, to 71... ■•
("arriits - 41111 ti> 71 m
I inii)iis . 3111. to >iin
I '.. tall )<.•■>.._ iiKito iiiiii
•r.iiiiatuc's St" rjtiiiis.
'I'liiiiiiis _. fii«i til iiHHi IhisIk'I>.
Prominent amon.tf the best at,n-icultiiral reijions
in the Northwest are the Palonse, the lii;,-^ Ikiid,
the Colville Valley, the Walla Walla, the Yakima,
the < )kanoi.,r-an, the I'otlatch of Idaho, and the
Umatilla of N'orlheasteni Ore-'oii.
J.
>
AUDITORIUM THEATER. SPOKAI^E
20
s
1
dl' rivi-'r-t)i>tt(iiii
id XurlluTi) l(h
ho
ll],l«KI,(K«l
. . . . - . . . '*.' «HI,(M M I
3,tH)1),()<H I
■i have been as j^ri-'at,
rat aerc'aj,^L' was less
, and flax lias hcLii
cxhihitinK' the j^raiii
rrain-i^ruwiii.n' States
L' in Washiiv^tcm is
I that (if any cither
■ t the State i'.nard <i!'
i^ives sanipli' yields
luni^tnn as I'ullnws:
(HI til iciiilmsliuls.
7; In IJii
11,, li. 70.1
,( H I 1 1 I 7' 1* .
Ill, t.i 1 101 1
S to I J tolls.
100 to loiio Inislifl-i.
; aiiriciiltiiral re;^i(ins
Jdiise, the r>i;,^ P>eiul,
a WaUa. tlie Yakima,
1 (if Idahii, and tlie
-^f-^-^-'j}^"^)^
I
I
" <)\ im. v()i,( ANir ASH,"
The Paldusc rc'i;imi, whicli li'jars the name of a
oiKc i)i)\vurful Indian tribe, lies nearly in the form
of a };reat trianj,de and is one of the richest deltas
that ever yielded its products to the hand of the
husbandman. The lands are quite rollinjj, but
capable of easy tillar,rc, and are highly fertile, beinj,^
composed of decomposed volcanic rock and vege-
table loam. The hij,'-hest elevations arc as rich as
the soil in tlic hollcnvs or lower levels, and thus
far the soil has sliown no need of fertilization.
Wheat has bf.'cn the leadiniif staple of this rc<rion
for many years, and the yield has been quite tmi-
iovxu ever since the country was settled. There
sively to that induslr}-. There remains at least
J, 000,000 acres of j^-ood arable land in the Paloiise
for disposal to settlers at low prices and on easj'
terms — prices ranging from $2.50 to $6.00 per
acre. This region is well watered by streams,
springs, artesian and driven wells. Two railroads,
each having brandies, traverse the country and
bring all within convenient touch with the mar-
kets, where meats, vegetables, and fruits find
ready sale.
"coi.umiiia's cakhkn."
The total area of the Big Bend region, which
embraces two of the largest counties and a portion
of another county, is 4,000,000 acres, of which
it
1. FirewooJ .T Plenty.
2, A Good Shot
Big game.
3. A nonizcn of the Bitter Roots
5. WmttT Spott in Spol<ane County
4. Onu Day's Sport on trie Lower Pond d OreiHe,
has never been a crop failure. The wheat prod-
tict has ranged fnjm fifteen to sixty bushels per
acre. The average j-ield per acre during the ])ast
five years, as shown by the ofiicial record, was
twenty-one bushels. The largest return of wheat
alone in any year was in i.Sijj, which was 16,000,-
coo bushels. Since then the crojjs have been
more diversified. Barley, oats, rye, flax, and pota-
toes now receive much attention and turn out
])rodigiously. The country is well ada])ted to
fruit, and manv have turned their attention exchi-
1,050,000 are under cultivation. It is one of the
most desirable regions for agriculture in tlie
Northwest. The climatic conditions are excep-
tionally fine, the temperature remarkably even.
The soil is decomposed basal', with vegetable
mold, and the yield of grain has been almost lui-
varying year after year. I.'uring the longest of the
dry periods there has nc, er been a crop failure.
All manner of crops are successfully raised, and
one can see frequently, besides great grain fields,
good-sized jilots of potatoes, onions, field peas,
22
1.1
\
i
liLTc rcnuLins at least
l)lc land in the Paloiisc
)\v prices and on eas_\'
ini $^.50 to $6.00 per
>vatercd by streams,
wells. Two railroads,
verse the coinitry and
It touch with the mar-
ribles, and fruits find
i.AUDl.X.
Rend rejjion, which
counties and a portion
00,000 acres, of which
ipoit on tho Lower Pend H Oreitle,
A'ation. It is one of the
for aj;riculture in the
c conditions are excep-
uture remarkably even.
Ijasal'. with vegetable
ain has been almost im-
Dnrinj,^ the lonjjest of the
', er been a crop failure.
! successfully raised, and
)csides jrreat jjrain fields,
itoes, onions, field peas,
beans, cabbajrcs, and other veyetabl-js, whicli are
raised in lar^je quantities for shi])ment by the
railroads which traverse this rei^ion. I'ruit of all
kinds does well, especially aloni;' the v.i!le\' rcj^ions
of the Columbia. The Big Bend
is mostly high, rolling prairie
interspersed with occasiona
timbered canyons and mouii
tains. Water is easilv ob
has been a new impetus in inimigi'ati<in. The
characteristics (if this county are quite similar to
those of Lincoln County and the Palouse country.
The soil and climate are the same, with the ex-
ception that tluTe is less
rainfall on the high table-
laiuls. But this fact does
not affect the yield of
crojjs, which are iinifi irmly
lirolilic. The ranges are
vast and exceptionally line
for stock. Orchards a few
taincd by digging. Lincoln
County is well populated
and has a great many
s])lendid farms. Out of
1,450,000 acn.'S in this county
150,000 are under cultiva-
tion. Hundreds of thou-
sands remain open to entry
or purchase. Wild lands
are from $2.50 t<j §6.00 per
;:jre. Improved farms can
be had at prices ranging
from $io.fo to $20.00 per
acre. early scenes about spokane
Out of the 2,500,000 acres of beautiful prairie
land in Douglas County but 40,000 are in cultiva-
tion. .Since the jiassage of the Creat Northern and
Centra! Washington roads into that ctiuntrv there
years old tes-
tily as to the
merits of this
region for
fruit grow-
ing. No finer
ajjples, pears,
peaches, cherries, and berries ever grew than in
this county.
As indicated in the foregoing, lands are abun-
dant, desirable, and easily obtpined. This countv
— an empire within itself — is destined to become
one of the greatest farming regions in the North-
west from the fact that everything is in its fa\-or.
" Ml.ADI IWS AMI .MINIS."
vSievens County joins Spokane Count}' on the
nortli, and extends to the international boiiiularv.
It is one of the largest and nuist diversified, in
I i
■THE SWIMMIN' HOLE.'
23
•1
'i
I
Si*''
i
■• '
lB«?atBmiJg a ff |;n ffnwmMa i«CTWwm»HwwflmiBW^^
kD Browuty. 4. Centennill FldB" P"™"" Hou
13. Morro« Strset Bridge.
f . O,niir.o Room, Edison Elecl^.c Corrp.ny. 7 Power Rconi, Edi|or> Eleclric Ccrr.pany. 8 Spok.no River above the F.IH.
14. Middle Fa:li. 5. New Sawm.il ol Northwest M.lling Company. 16. C and C Flour Mil'.
;
'.!«
conditifjiis, of an}- cnnnty in Ivistcrn ^Vasllill;4■t(l1l.
The C ih'illo \'all(.'y and its Irihiilary \-alk'ys c.jii-
stitutc a j^Tcat hay-raisiiii;- rei^inii, M-hcrc tliuii-
sumls of tdtis of the finest timothy liay are raised
yearly. The farmers shij) most of it to Britisli Co-
lumbia, on the Spokane & Northern Railway. The
l)eneli lands on eaeh side of the valley arc mostl}"
put to wheat and oat.s. There are yet hundreds
of fine tracts open to settlers, and the ^ood ])eoplc
there welcome all new-comers of enerj^y and
respectability. The western portion of the county,
alonjj the Columbia, is one of the finest fruit-rais-
inj.j re^rions out of doors. A threat many farmers
ilcvote almost all their time to the fruit-t^'rowinLi'
Ijusincss. For a distance of forty miles below
Kettle Falls is one of the finest farminy re.i,nons in
existence. Farmin;.^ here is a i4:reat success. .Some
of the farmers pay special attention to the stock
iind poultry breeding' business. The herds and
flocks in that re,t;ion are cxci.'ptionally fine, (iood
houses, barns, bij^' orchards, schoolhouses, and
well-built churches all bespeak the prosperous
condition of that section.
Colville, the county seat, is romantically situated,
and is a fine business point. There arc manv
places of historic interest in that county, chief
anion,;.;' which is Marcus (ju the Colunibia. A visit
to that county will well repay anyone, whether it
lie for business or ])leasure.
"Tin. I'OI I. AM II."
A potlatch is an Indian j^ift j^'athcrin;^. It is an
ancient custom for Indian chiefs to summon their
followers aild scatter all their riches amony them.
The Potlatch country is practically an eastern
extension of the Palouso country. It is in Idaho,
and reaches from the eastern boundary line of
Washintj^ton to the foothills of the Bitter Root
M(Uintains. The characteristics are similar to
th(jse of the Palouse, with the exception that the
elevation is not so high, and it is consequently
warmer. It is well sheltered from northern winds
by the mountain range, and is an excellent fruit
country. Apples, pears, plums, cherries, and
peaches are raised with exceptional success. For
wheat, barley, oats, rye, and flax the Potlatch
country is as productive as the Palouse country.
There is much excellent open range for cattle on
the foothills of the mountains. The timbered
country of the foothills has been found in recent
year.; to be almost as productive as the prairie,
when cleared of its o]U'n growth of pine.
1. On Ple««ant Ptaifie.
RURAL SCENES NEAR SPOKANE.
2. Orchard Horns, near Spokane 3, Hijelwood Da fy FacTi, 4. Pine, Tamarack, and Cedar.
5. The Picking Seaton,
.:i
mmBmmmmmmtmimrmmmmm
umbia. A visit
voiiL', wliL'tiicr it.
;licriii,L;. Il is an
to suinmou tliL'ir
ics aminiy tlicni.
cally an eastern
It is in Idaho,
xnindary line of
the Bitter Root
are siniihir to
Leeption that the
is consequently
1 nrirthern winds
n excellent fruit
cherries, and
lal success. Vt>r
ax the Potlatch
Palouse country,
nge fcir cattle on
The timbered
1 found in recent
e as the prairie,
th of pine.
"SUNNY ORCHARD SLOPES."
VICN niJ\v orchards, and vine-
yards lilooni on tile hi^^her lanils
of the ])rairies and the sai^e-
brush jilainsdt tlie Pacific slo])e;
they line the shores of the Co-
lumbia and its tributaries, and
frequently chan,i.;e the mountain
sides of Wasliin;.;i(in and Idaho
into bhjomini,'- s^ardens. Apples,
peaches, jjcars, plums, jjrunes, apri-
cots, nectarines, cherries, ami small
fruits all seem natural to this clime, and
Prunes and ])lums also bear early and in .^rcat
profusion. The dilTerent varieties of prunes o|
Washinvitoii eipial those of Italy and Turkey. Our
berries, for size and llavor, are unsurpassed. The
size of the strawberries of Wasliin,!,aon is phenom-
enal. They r;in;^e froni the size of a hickory nut
to a hen's e;^)^'. Tliis niav seem incredible, but
pli<itoi;raphs of strawberries have been taken
s'iowin;4' some to be as lari,a' as the i)alm of a man's
hand. Tlie crops of this berry ha\'e yielded sums
varvini.,'- from 8-00 to $700 per acre. The market
east of Washington is lar^a', especirdly in the min-
The Picking Seaion,
INTERIOR VIEWS SPOKANE r'RUIT FAIR, 1855.
2"
ll
lit
1,
li
i
1^
.^W -r >;i- .-
l\
k-^r
-Jl^
'StVi ;* ^
Vi
I'iU
" ■■ iK
'■«B-°
-^V"'*'""^*""" ■■"* •■ ■*'«jCX^>"*'?^.*7rv-T^r»ff7y=^ "'*^*^J?':,/j3'* "" '
.■^„,^Jf^3iyBa£-~.
. <i«.p.
^i'li
o 5
?
>
\
^1
\\
,/, o
I-
fi*
>
f'^;
UJ
>-
M
(rt -3
) 1
or X
RANGi:.
tKins i)articularly favurcd lay claim to the title
ot' "horse heaven." Sl(jck of all kinds do well,
and refiuire feed only in the severest winter
Weather. Horses i^et aloni,'' nieely in midwinter
by pawins,'' the sn(jw from the bunch jj'rass on
the ran;.;es. This siieeies of jjfrass cures as it
matures, and loses nunc of its nutritious c|ual-
ities. The soft southwest winds frequentlv melt
the snows on the southern and western slcjpes of
the hills in midwinter, thus affordintf excellent
j^raziuj.^ for the herds of cattle and sheep. Tliis
country makes extensive shipments of beeves anil
sheep to the market.s east. The cattle raisers of
^[ontana and Wvominir frequently come to Wash-
in,y;ton to replenish their herds. The sheep indus-
try in the southern jiortion of Washin.nton, and
Idalin, and ]'"astern OiX'Ljdn is (piile extensi\-e.
A HALF PAV
ON THE SPOKANE RIVER
(in bJliIHin Trout, 't22 pounua.
CIVILIZED INDIANS.
California sheep-shearers make an annual piljjrini-
aL;e into sheep-raisin;^' sections of our reijion, and
reap (|;iile a harvest of dollai's as well as of wool.
Only in the ])ast two \-ears have ho^s received
any serious attention. IIoi; raisinj;' has durinj^
that time bccunie one of the leailiniif industries,
which is owini;- to the establishment of a number
of packin;4-hiiuses in Spokane. Wheat constitutes
the chief feed for fattening;'. It is claimed by
])ackers and consumers that wheat-fed pork is
sweeter and better than corn or swill fed jxirk.
The fatteninif qualities of wheat as a feed sur-
pass those of any other jijrain.
vSpecial attention is jjfiven to the raisinj,-- of cattle
ft)r dairy purposes. Jerseys and Holstcins are
^rreat favorites, while Devons and other tine breeds
for milk and cheese have their champions. The
dairy business has received a fresh impetus, and
now creameries are ,sprinj;in<if up all over the
country. In every direction are numerous valless,
and .n'reat attention is paid to hay raisin.ir. With
abundance of hay raised at a low fi_i;ure, and a
li;.rht feedinjr of "chop," the farmer finds a h;'.nd-
sonie profit in the sale of milk to the creameries.
It will not be lonji;' before the makinj.f of cheese
and butter will be amon;..;- the leadinj^ industries of
this reu'ion.
-^y
f
SPOKANE'S POULTRY SHOW.
li
I
\,
'i'
OUI/FRV fariiiint;' can bo ])iir-
siK'd lici'c willi as s^rcat success
as any other industry. The
conditions are very favorable :
I'irst, the climate ; second, the
cheapness of feed ; third, the
abundance of fresh runninj;- water ;
fourth, the absence of all diseases com-
mon to poul-
try, and, last,
the market demand
for poultry and c}jfj;s.
Perhaps the }.;Teatest
demanil for these two
commodities is from
the mininj,'- rejfion ad-
jacent to this section.
The averaj^e miner
j^ets jjood waycs, and
he lives well. Cliicken,
ej(j,fs, and roast turkey
are served with j,'-reat freijuency. "They come
hij^h, but we must have "em," is a very pertinent
phrase amoui,'' miners. The demanil in the cities
for domestic fowls anil e.^j^s is as ;;reat. Poultry
ranj^es in price from §-'.50 to §4.00 per dozen, cjfj^s
from $5.00 to S7.00 per case.
Poultry associations have been formed in most of
the counties, and ;;reat attention isj.;iven tocareful
breeding-. The third
).;reat poultry show of
the Northwest was
held in Spokane in
February, 1896, where
several hundred dol-
lars in cash prizes were
paid, and a trophy cup
of §150 wasjriven. All
the leadinj;- poulterers
of the Northwest were
present, and the ex-
hibit was very fine.
GLIMPSES OF SOME OF SPOKANE S NEIGHBORS.
1 VViirn"an County Court House, Co 'ax. 2. Tekoa. 3. Mam Street, Pu'lman. 4 Uoiontown.
30
ii!iiini!iiiii^^
"THE HEART OF THE INLAND Ex\nMRl:
"TliL'V L'oniu
;i VLTV pLTtiiiL'iU
laiul ill tliL' cities
^ ^;roat. Poultry
o per dozen, cj^};s
rmed in most of
s j^iveii to careful
lin--. The third
])i)ultry show of
Nortlnvest was
in Spokane in
iiary, 1S96, where
■al hundred dol-
n cash prizes were
and a trophy cup
50 was},nven. All
eadiii^- ixniltcrers
e Northwest were
.■nt, and the cx-
was verv fine.
Ill'' city (if .S]iokane is a metropo-
lis. It is a modern, ui)-ln-date
city, cnilii)dyin},f all the best fea-
tures of inetr<i|)olilan life in the
nineteenth century. The architec-
ture of its l)uildiii;;s, ])ulilic and yvi-
vate, is of the most recent ami ini-
,- proved st)'les. The city, with its
double .system of li,i;htinj^ (yas and
electricity), its ma^'-nifieent water-
work.s, its beautiful driveways, its
street railways, its telephonic and
railroad connections, its daily press, its manufac-
tures, its lartjc tradinj^^ houses, and its air of activ-
ity and energy, is striking; and impressive, l-^very
The site upon wiiich vSjiokane is located is one
iif tlio most picturesciue on the continent. The
broad and beautiful expanse of scenery surround-
in.ij it can not be surpassed. The window opciiini^s
of every stately structure in and about the I'ity
frame a picture of some scene that dcli};hls the
eye.
Spokane is the trade center of a district exlciul-
injf :'oo miles in every direction, embracinji;- all of
liastcrn Washington, Northern Idalio, Western
Montana, and parts of ICastcrn Oregon and British
Columbia. Numerous railway lines reach out into
these sections, bringing them into direct connec-
tion with this center, enabling it to handle the
pnjducts of the rich farming and mining districts.
VARIOUS VIEWS OF THE FALLS AT SPOKANE.
visitor and newcomer expresses surprise and
pleasure at finding everything here the newest
and of the best. One aptly expressed it when he
said it looked as though a good-sized section of
the best i^ortion of Chicago had been transplanted
to thi
spot.
She stands as the gateway to Washington and
Oregon, and is the chief railroad center of the
Pacific slope.
Two prominent features at an early day jjointcd
to the location of a considerable city at this point —
the effective water-power and the selection, by
31
f
.1 JC'
V \ '
S^
K.:
C* ■-" .
iA-
V <
^P"-^
ffli!l»g!B!fflB^^
m
tlu' XiiitlKin r.uilK- l-l.iilriiad ('(uniiaiix-, of the
nuitc tliroii^h tliu Spukani.' \'alk y on inifr>;in^;
Inmi the Hitter Kddt Mountains. Tliu survoy
throii^ih this rcj^ion was made in iS;;, and the
pro-^lJCH't of the near l)nil(lin);- of the road imhieed
(juite an inllux of jjioneers. A ])riniiti\-e sawmill
was the first industry ofierated l>y the water-
power, but the finaneial disasters of that \ear
inehuled tlie Northern Pacific cnterjjrise, and the
prise in 1S71J; an<l in iSSo eonstruetinii he^an Irmn
Aiiisworth, on the (."olnnihia, i)iisl)in;f cast and
reaehinjj; Spokane in iSSi. Connection of the
lastern and western divisions was made in ^fon-
tana in iSSj, hut the rapid dc\elopnu-nl expected
liy 'ho completion of the transcontini'ntal line was
checki'd by the Villard failure of tliat year. Ke-
newi'il acti\ity was stimidateil in iSS( by the niift-
eral discoveries in the t'leiir d'Alene re^^ion. The
INTERIORS OF SOME OF SPOKANE S RETAIL STORES.
sanj^nine immigration dwindled to a solitary half
dozen. Enterprise languished till the winter of
1877-78, when two comjianies of infantry were
quartered here, partly for the purpose of quieting
the region, after the disturbance of the Nez Perce
war, and mainly preparatory to the establishment
of Fort Sherman, on Lake Cieur d'Alene, thirty-five
miles east of Spokane. This served to return the
current of immigration, which was further revived
by the resuscitation of the Northern Pacific enter-
agricultural attractions of the Palouse and Big
Bend regions were at this time drawing quickened
attention, and heavy immigration set in. The
development of the water-power kept pace with
these movements. Sawmills and flemring mills
were put into operation. It now became appar-
ent that Spokane was to be the manufacturing,
commercial, and educational center of an immense
region, and in 1886 the first of a series of railway
feeders was inaugurated in the construction of
33
I
i
i
i.
i
tlic Spdkiinc &• Paloiisc ri);i(l. In iSSS eaiiic tlif
Spokane & I(lal)<>; and tlif Stattk', Lake Slinrc A
ICastcrii, tlic SpokaiU'iV Xdrtlicrii, and the Orc^'on
Railway & XaviKatiun lirancli t-aiiic in 1S.S9. and
the C.'untra! Wasliin^jtmi in iHgo. 'I"l)f (iivat
X'trthcrn, the third transcontinental line, reached
here in 1S92, Tims, within little more than a
decade, Spokane attained the distinction of the
lar;;tst railroad center on the Pacific slope. Sini-
iiltaneons with the hnildin^j of these ;;reat hi;^h-
V
mismsmmmmmmmm
mmmiimnwnifmrmimmmmgg^
.•ached
hai) a
A the-
Sim-
"P i
i
|)iiits to I'liiiia and Ja|KUi, !$.}i5,ooo — iiiakiii)^' a
tiilal (if I'Xpurts to tiiffij^ii (.iiimlriis almu', (nr
tliu year, <>f §1/10,043.
\va_\s, luiiiLral iliscdViTics and (k'Vclnpiiu'i.l \vrri_'
stcadil)' puslic'd in tliu surrnundin;;' niDimlaiii
rL'^idiis. Till' ■apahilitics (if aj^riculture bcLanu-
bL'tt(.'r iiiulfrstoiid, and many aj,a'n(.ii'S were cim-
trihutin^ to tlio ai-'tckTatcd and lu^althy ^^rnwtli
of tlie city.
Tlic dc'strnc'tivu and alniosi ovL-rwliulniin;; (iic
of iS,S(j entailed Init a tnonientary elieik on the
rapid proj,M'ess of the eity, and sneh was tlie eimli-
denee in its tlestiny that nmne)' llowed alniosl
withont stint into the reennsirnetinn fund A
period (if two years of ])ro(lii;i(ins Imildin^' enter-
prise followed, );ivin^' Spokane ample faeilities I'nr
the administration of the material, educational.
ci\-ic, and social interests of the inland empire.
A }i;-limpse of the commercial features of the city
shows si.Kty-two (irms en^a};ed in the wholes.nle,
johhinjf, and eonimissioii l)usiness, and 3,58 houses
enj;a),'-ed in the retail lines. Dnrint; i.S(;5 the
amount of ontjji'oin),^ freights, in pounds, was
■jlOKJNE Hi r^L ;-Hi KANt
" I in; \\\ \\. I M-i ui' A riNo 1 a; i.s.
The leadin;; industries of Sjiokane are m llour
and lumber. Tiiero are four flouring mills here
with an am;re};ate ilaily capacity of 3,000 barrels.
It is j;enerally conceded by all who have seen
Spokane that its advantay^es as a manufacturinj.f
center b)' far surjiass those of any other ])Iaee in
the Xorthwesl. The };reat, unfailinj;' watei'-puwer
not only drives the machinery of the lar^i'r mills
and factories, but also jieiieratcs the additional
force in the electric dynamos for the lij;hter lines
of manufacturinj;- throuj;Iiout the city. There are
in all about seventy-five concerns en^;ij;ed in the
producti\e industries. Those of the Jij^htcr lines
arc such as jirinters, clotliinj;' makers, harness
makers, jewelers, opticians, novelty manufacturers.
J31, 204,463. The number of
jioirnds of ores forwarded li.
smelters was 72,491), 170. Value
of exports to ISritisli Columbia,
$635,043 ; value of flour ex-
SOME HOME INDUSTRIES OF SPOKANE.
35
acker factories, and candy
makers, most of which use elec-
tricity for rnnninjif their ma-
chinery. Some sash and door
factories also use electricit\-.
Tlic niiniimini iiiolivc force of tlie Spokane
Falls, wliich (low tliroui^h tlic heart of the city, is
^j.ooo horse-power. This is 14,000 h()rsc-])o\vcr
•greater tlian that of St. Antliony I'alls at Minne-
apolis, which furnish the jjowcr for the .n'reatest
llourini;- mills on the continent.
'■ >1' AKKI.INO AM) liKKill r,
i\ ns i,i<jiii) iic.Hi."
The water su]iply for Spokane is unlimited. It
ri\-er a few miles al)ove the city, from wliich a por-
tion of the river flow is diverted lhrou;.;h a canal to
the power house. I'our larj^e i)umi)s, with a daily
ca]Dacity of 2,500,000 j^alloris e.'.ich, are employed in
forcin.i;- the water throu.i^h a ;,j-inch steel main
into the svstem of pijic lines throu;..;hoiit the city.
Tliere arc thirty-seven miles of pijies at present,
and 308 hydrants. The inim])s are run by ttirbine
water motors of the latest approved pattern. The
SCHOOLS OF SPOKANE,
Biyant Public School 2. H.gh School. 3. Edison Public School 4 Lincoln Public School
6. Irving Public School
7 St. John's Episcopal School
5. Fianklin Pu
8. Bancroft Public School.
is very pure, clear as crystal, and almost entirely
free from lime. It is cold at all seasons of the
year. The real source of supjily is I>ake CNeur
d'Alene. The only outlet of the lake is the Si>o-
kane River, which flows through a deep, rocky
chaniici for a distance of thirty-five miles to and
throii,uh this city. A reservoir system is estab-
lished bv means of a huije stone dam across the
jjower i^. controlled by four yo-inch iron valves,
which were cast at one of the iron foundries
in this city. The city owns the water-works,
and the income from rentals is sufficient to pav
the ex])cnses of the water department and
the interest thereon, also to leave a ,sur])lus
for a sii kin).j fund. No city is better etpiipped
in this resiled.
3C>
I
i
Wm^'
s«i!agiiMm!iiiiiiim'<ii MM
re nil wliich ;i jjor-
irciiif^h a canal to
lips, with a daily
arc employed in
•inch steel main
in.i,rh()iit the city.
jjipcs at present,
"e run hy turbine
L.'d pattern. The
"OX TEAMS NO MORE EOREVER.'
Iin Public School
nch iron valves,
: iron foundries
he water-works,
sufficient to i)av
eixirtment and
cave a surplus
better eipiipped
%■■
Nok rill UN |. \( III.
KAIIKo Ml.
b il^^il « ^"■^;- ''This "-as the nrst -rcat trans-
***''^-' • -^^^ ' .' 1 continental hnc to ivach
the Pacific slope in the
Xorthwest, the last s])ike
haviiii.;' been driv'en in
i<SS5. It (.'ntersSpi-kane
from the cast, passiii;;- t',.;-ou,;-h
the heart of the city parallel with the riv(.'r. From
this jjoint to the sea it takes a southwesterly course,
cr()ssin,y; the Columbia at Pasco and c<innectin,n-
Spokane with the j^rcat fruit and hop j^rowini;"
re^'ions of the Ya-
kima Valley. The
chief towns alonj.^
this line within 200
miles of Spokane,
ca.sL and west,
number foiirLeeii.
All are live, flour-
ishing' places. On
The smaller scalions east and west alon.i;- tlic
Northern Paciiie Railroad arc numerous, thriflv,
.md ser\-e )>reath' in facilitatiiij;- the business of
theadjaeent countrx, of which livestock and ,nrain
form the chief features. The lines tributary to
the Xorthcrn Pacific, and which connect at Spo-
kane, are the vSpokane& Palousc, exteiulinj^' south-
ward ijo miles; the Central Washiii,u;ton (now an
independent line), extending' westward 124 miles
to Coulee City, in the IJij;- liend ; and the I)eSmct
& C(.ur d'Alcne branch, which runs directly east-
ward from Spokane, via Cieiir d'Alcne City, to De
Smct, ^loiit,, the junction jxiint for the branch
line to the Cojur
d'Alcne mines, 218
miles from Spo-
kane.
The Northern
Pacific traverses a
rej^-ion rich in re-
sources, rich in all
that nature can be-
the cast are Mis.soula,
^b)nt., population 4,500;
Thompson Falls, ^[ont.,
population 300 ; Hope,
Idaho, population 500;
Saml Point, Idaho, pop-
ulation 1,000; Rath-
drum, Idaho, twenty-
seven miles east of vSpo-
kane, ])opulation ;oo.
These all lie east of
this city.
West of Spokane,
within the limit of 200
miles, are Cheney.
Wash.., population 1,500;
Spra;.;ue, county seat of Lincoln County, population
1,500; Ritzville, count \' seat of Adams i'ounty, l)op-
ulation 500; Pasco, county scat of I'ranklin C'ouiiix-,
population 300; Kenncwick, population 400; Norili
Yakima, eounty scat of Yakima County, population
,?.5oo; Ellciisbur),'', countx' seat of Kittitas Cotinty,
population ,5,500.
I. Spokane Fa's & Nn'tf^-
Car Si'0|)r, a.u Rt
stow, and far more pop-
ulous than one would
supjjose by merely pass-
inj;- over the line.
OKI (;o\ KAII WAV \
N \\ K; A IIO.N COMPANY.
This is an extensive
systjm, with a total
rail mileaj^-e of 1,065
mills, and water lines
of 1 oil miles, makinj;
an iij^-gregate of 2,076
milc>, all within Wash-
inji;ton, Orej^on, and
Idaho. Of this road
455 miles are in Washin.i.;ton. This comi)any's lines
also ha\-e direct connection with the Union Pacilic
road, thus lettin,!;- tluit i^reat line into Si)okane as
the third transcontinental road conncctin.i;- with
the I'.ast. This alTords (uitlcl to P.oi.sc, Salt Lake.
Denver, and all jjoints southeast. Th.e Oregon
Railway \: Navi;;ation also connects Spokane with
RAILROAD TERMINALb.
n Pdssfnger and Freight Dep-'ts. 2 and 3 Gfat Nortns
undhouse. 4. Northern Pacific Passenger Depot.
37
Ill
Portland, Ore., and tlie lines by rail and sea to
San I'ranL'iseo. It touches twelve larj.'fe towns in
'\Vashinj,nor and. three towns in Idaho. It affords
direct connection between this city and the y-old
and siher belts of Orej,ron and Idaho. One can
take the Orej^on Raihvay & Navij^ation Road at
Spokanj in the mornin_i;-, and by noon reach
AVardner, Wallace, Burke, Osborne, I\Iullan, and
other }.;reat inininj^ towns of the Idaho rej^ion of
several lines of beautiful and commodious steamers
on the Columbia, Clearwater, Snake and Willa-
mette rivers. It also operates a line of ocean
steamers from Portland, Ore., to San Francisco,
Cal,
It has been one of the prime factors in the de-
velo])nient of the g'reat Northwest, and apparently
will continue to be, as th;it company proposes to
build more feeders and to make further extensions
BRITISH COLUMBIA LAKES AND RIVERS.
1 Nelson. 2. Lake Kootenai from Pilot Bay. 3. Five Mi'e Point on La'-.
4. North End of Lake Kootenai. 5, Trail Lai Img, Culiimhi.i Rr -i
precious minerals. This road traverses the "^reat
Palouse farniinjif country from end to end. It has
an inti i ate system of feeders in that section and
does an enormous j;rain-carryinjjf traffic. It con-
nects S]iokane with nearly all the county seats in
Southeaster i Washinjjfton. haviiis;-, in all, si.\ty-ninc
stations in this State alone. This company runs
to its mail; lines, (t >i-. rates throuj^li a fine sec-
tion of the count y, nnted for wheat, fruit, and
fi:i.\. Every station has its hiij^e warehouses and
elevators for j;r;iin and storaj^e. Every town
throut^h which the lines of the Ore}.;<)n Railway &•
Naviijailon Company i)ass, sho'vs evidence of un-
usual thrift and ene^^y.
3«
\^:
wmnmMmfmmmmimmmmmmmMmmm
iiiodious steamers
Inake and Willa-
a line of ocean
J San Francisco,
factors in tlie de-
st, and apparently
pany proposes to
urthcr extensions
iroiij^h a fine sec-
wheat, fruit, and
: warehouses and
,'e. I'2very town
)re,n-on Railway &
s evidence of un-
IIIK i;KK A I NOK I III KN.
The above is the title of the last transconti-
nental line built into Sjxikanc. It enters Wasli-
in;^ton at the northern base of Mount Carlcton-
on the Idaho line. It reaches Spokane by a south-
easterly course, followinj^ the Little Spokane and
skirting; the well-known, beautiful prairies wiiich
lie between Spokane and the mountain. vSix
flounshinjj towns have been built on this line
between this city and i'->e Idaho line, where stands
Newport, on the Pend d'(Jii.:lle River, which leads
one into the fine dairy rej^ion of Stevens County,
known as the Kalisjiel Valley, and to the Metaline
mining district, farther north on that river. A
little iarther eastward the (ireat Northern lea.ds
to the mininjj and biy^ timber regions of the Koote-
nai River, crossinjj that stream at Bonner's Ferry,
Idaho. In leavinjj vSpokane for Pui/et Sound the
road takes a westerly course throui.;h Spokane,
Linc( In, and Douglas counties, and passes through
twenty-two towns and stations before it reaches
the Columbia at Wenatchee, the j,M'eat fruit center
of the middle Columbia rc'jfion. The Wenatchee
River enters the Columbia from the Cascade
Mountains at this point. The town of Wenatchee
is in the very center of the State, and is equidis-
tant from Spokane and Seattle. Northwest of
the Wenatchee Vi'llej' are a number of lakes, of
which beautiful Ch.dan is the jjreatest, it being
seventy miles long and from two to four miles
wide. Fine bearing orchards and vineyards already
exist in th(> vicinity of Lake Chelan. The lake is
reached from Wenatchee by boat on the Cohnrbia
to Chelan Fall.;, and boats continue up the river
to Virginia, at the mouth of the Okanogan River.
The (ireat Northern, in its ci.urse through Doug-
las County, passes through a new, inviting region
of unoccupied (iovc'-nmcnt lands, "^'-".y settlers
have located therv and are doing well. Douglas
County composes a greater part of the Hig Bend
country, which is destined to become one of the
most prosperous sections of the State. The lack
of railroad facilities alone has jirevented it frcjm
being as populous as some of the more favored
counties. Now that it has a great transcontinental
line connectinj; it with two of the ]')rinci])al ]ioints
in the .State, it must rapidly develop.
rUK S1'()K.\N1-. K.M.I.S & NOUrUKKN KAII.W.W.
Tliis is the only line of railway affording direct
connection with British Columbia, and the great
mines of Trail Creek anil Kootenai districts. It
also affords direct connection with the Canadian
Pacific Railway, via the Columbia Ri\er.
The Spokane I'alls iV .Northern Railway, starting
from Si)okaiie and having its general othces there,
runs in a i" rtherly direction through a region
ipiite diversitied in character, jiartly forest and
])artl_\- open valley. It is rich in many resources,
espcciallx- in saw timber, hay lands, building stone,
and minerals. There are vast bodies of variegated
and plain white marble, besides alabaster and onyx
as fine as the ])roduct of Italy or Mexico, located
within six miles of the line of the road, and near
Waitt's Lake. There are also large bodies of
slate, which are as yet undeveloped.
The evidences of these are plainly in view along
the line of the road. Numerous sawmills, huge
hay barns, stretches (jf valley lands, mines of
silver and gold can be seen along the rc'te at
dilTcrent ])oints and stations, from the first outly-
ing town from Spokane to the British line, where it
connects with the Nelson& Fort Shepherd Railway.
This latter road is an exteiision of the Si)okane
Falls & Northern system, and is operated by the
Spokane Falls & Northern Railway ComjKiny. It
penetrates the great Kootenai mining region, and
makes connection with the Slocan, Kaslo, Pilot
Bay, Ainsworth, and Lardea t mining camps. A
large number of towns and small stations have
sprung up along this line, and the settlements
surrounding these ])oints are growing ra])idly.
At Clayton, on the Spokane I-'alls <!v Northern
Railway, a large brick, tiling, and pottery concern
h;,s been operating successfully for .several years.
The finest cr(.'am-tinted and colored pressed-brick
ever used in struc^iiral work is made here from
white clay. Tliese works are very extensive, and
employ a large number of men. Millions of brick,
tons "f pottery and ornamental terra cotta, and all
kinds of tiling known to the trade are manufac-
tured there.
Loon Lake is a romantic summer resort on the
line, thirty-nine miles out from Spokane. This
place is the i-esort of hundreds during the summer
months, and is one of the chief points of attraction
in the Northwest.
This road traverses the valley of Colville River
from its S(juree to the Columbia. This is .<ne of
the finest of dairy regions. Hay and cattle have
been the leading items of farm jiroducts in that
section. No region in the world ofiers better
inducements to the dairy industry than the Colville
and Columbia valleys. Next to luiy and cattle,
fnn't of all kinds grown in this latitude has come
in for a share of the farmers' attenti(jn. Apples,
peaches, -prunes, and strawl)erries are grown
extensively in the neighborhood of Colville, Meyers
Falls, and on the Columbia below Kettle Falls.
39
m
I
FORT LAPWAI AGENCY, NEZ PERCES INDIAN RESERVATION
Carloads of these fruits in their season are
shipped northward into British Columbia and to
points southward as well.
The road passes in siH;ht of the picturesque
shores of the Columbia f(jr a distance of forty-five
miles, also throu.trh ^Marcus, one of the oldest
inland towns of the Northwest, and Northport,
the United States port of entry between this
country and British Columbia. The road is well
equipped in all respects. It has connections by
stajre with the Boundary Creek niininy rei^ion
toward the head of Kettle River, and with Ross-
land, B. C, the seat of the Trail Creek mine.-i, and
with all towns on the upper Columbia by steamer.
It is the only line leadinjj to the noted Trail
Creek mines, on Red Mountain, where thousands
are flockinj,'- in the hope of .securing;- bit,^ finds. The
output of these new mines is the current topic of
the day in mining circles the world over. This
railway also leads to theColville Reservation, well
known to lic rich in minerals as well as in agri-
cultural lands.
■ttiL . U)^Jllb
IK* -■.-
i
SI'OKANK A I'AI.OISK KAII.KOAI).
The Spokane & PaU)Usc Railroad courses its
way through the very heart of the great Palouse
country, which embraces 5,075,920 acres, of
which there are 1,570,000 under cultivation, at
an assessed valuation of §78,300,000. The coun-
try is fairly well populated, and the stations,
which include several large flcnirishing towns,
are numerous. The Palouse region is one of
the most prosperous in the West. The lands
are rolling and fertile, and there are thousands
of acres still vacant, which are held by the
Northern Pacific Land Company, and are on
the market at low prices and easy terms.
Prices range from $2.50 to $6.00 per acre.
Improved lands can be had at prices varying
from $6 to $30 per acre, according to location
and character of improvements. The Spokane
& Palou.se Road is well equipped with commodious
depots, rolling stock, and all that pertains to
([tiick, safe, and efficient service.
MTOggBBBIIgBllMffliyilUli^^
1
road courses its
he j^reat Palouse
75,9-^0 acres, of
-T cultivation, at
),ooo. The coun-
:nd the stations,
lourishing towns,
cifion is one of
rest. The lands
re are thousands
are held by the
my, and are on
md easy terms.
$6.00 per acre,
t prices varying
rdin^ to location
s. The Spokane
with commodious
that pertains to
SPHA8UI
ROatR MILLS
Tin", (. KN IKAI, WAMI-
INi: ION K MI.Kii \l).
The Central Wash-
ington, which has its
general offices in Spo-
kane, runs westerly
through the center nf
the Big Bend region,
terminating at Grand
Coulee, 124 miles from
Spokane. This road
has connections by
stage with Waterville.
the seat of Douglas
County, and with the Okanogan farming and
mining regions. The country through which the
Central ])asses is an oiicii, rolling prairie, the cipial
of the Palouse region in wheat raising. It is in
many portions fully as well adapted to fruit
raising as any portion of the State. There
remain many thousands (jf acres of Government
and railroad lands, open to entry or purchase at
prices ranging from $2.50 to $5 per acre. The
road pas.ses through Lincoln County, which is
fifty miles square and contains 1,450,000 acres, of
which 150,000 are iinder cultivation. The country
along the line of the railway is fairly well popu-
lated. After leaving Lincoln County the line
passes into Douglas County, which is one of the
largest and most fertile in the State. It has 2.500,-
000 acres. No sec-
tion of the y-^\^ TT^
countr\- often
better in
BARRELS PER DAY.
vvith a ixipu'.ation ol
1.500, the site of ;i Slate
Normal Scliool ; Med-
ical Lake, with Soo ]ieo-
]ile, and the vStatc -\sy-
Uim for the Insane;
Davenp(,rt, with 900
jjopulation; Wilbur, 600
])o]mIati<)n; Almira, 200
])o])iilation, and Coukc
City,witii,5oo])opulation.
Stage lines connect here
with all points on the
Columbia and bevond.
I)i; S.MKI A. Ill, Ik I>'\I,I,M, k,\ll.Ko\l).
This line was formerly known as tlie Spokane &
Idaho. It properly begins at Hauser Junction,
twenty miles east of Spokane, and extends east-
ward for 200 miles, terminating at I )e Sniet, Mont.
It passes directly through the C'cnr d'Aleiie min-
ing region, and has eleven stations, each having
suflicient population to entitle it to be called a
town: Frenehtown, ^lont., 300; Iron ^lountain,
Mont., 1,000; Post Falls, Idaho, 600; Cieur d'Alene
City, Idaho, 800; Wardner, Idah(j, 1,000; Wallace,
Idaho, 2,500; Osborne, Idaho, 200; Burke, Idaho,
yoo; Mnllan, Idaho, 500. These towns are mostly
shipping points for the mines, and for lumber, hay,
and wool. This road makes connection on the
east with Missoula
JL A^ and on the west
MPANV, SPOKANE
duccments to
settlers. The
principal towns
along the line
theXorthern
Pacific. It
also touches
at Fort Sher-
man, Iilaho.
o5|
2 " j;
E 5
5^
s
MSMMMlmMmm^irmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
"PASSING OF THE RED ALVN."
tioiis.
IIIICRI-; remain fcmr line dDiiiains
in tliL' i^rcat delta bclwe'cn the
liittLT Ri.iit Ran-c and tlic Cas-
cade Munntains, whicli arc held
by remnants of what were once
])(iwerful tribes of Indians.
■ These are the Colville, the Cicur d'Alene,
the Yakima, and the Umatilla reserva-
In the choosinj;' of these reserves, the red
man was as shrewd and wise as his white brotlier
would liave been. The richest and most attractive
sections of all this fair land were selected and set
aside as the abode of the now fast-fadinj^ race.
The Colville Reserve composes the west half of
Stevens County and the eastern lialf of Okanoj^an
County, between the Cohinibia River and the
Okano,L;an River. It is l)ounded on the north by
liritish Columbia, and on the south by the west-
ward course of the Colinnliia, and embraces 3,000,-
000 acres. It is a mountaiiicus rejj'iou, aboundin,!;'
in streams, valleys, undulating' table-lands, and
densely wooded tracts of cedar, pine, and fir. It is
well known that the northern portion of this
reserve is rich in i.;'old, siher, and copper. I'>a,ncr
prospectors stealthily made l(jcations of claims,
and filed records of them in the office of the
county auditor. The Ic.nality of these filinjj's was
questioned, and is under consideration in the
United States District Courts. By an act of Con-
i^ress just jiassed and api)roved by the President,
this ri-'h domain is now o|)en to mineral location
and development, and hundreds of prospectors are
already in camp u]3on it.
The Yakima Reservation is located in Yakima
County, in the central portion of the State. It
AN INDIAN COWBOY
contains 400,000 acres, mostly level meadow lands,
which lie in a basin formed by the foothills of the
Cascade Rans^e on the west, the bluffs of the Ya-
kima River on the north and east, and the hi.i^her
rollini^ ])lains of Klickitat County on the south.
( )nly a few hundred Indians remain. This reserve
is well watered by many small streams, and af-
fords the finest ranj;e for cattle and horses in the
State. These lands, when the reserve is (/pened,
will be eaii^'crly sought by stock and grain farmers.
The C<cur d'Alene Reservation lies between the
valley of the Palouse and the Cieur d'Alene Moun-
tains, distant only a few miles from S])okane.
The Indians (.n tiiis reservation areci\ilized to
a high degree, havi' fine farms and orchards,
and commodious, comfortable homes. The
eastern part of this reservation is one of the
most entrancing parts of this country. Shel-
tered glades run back into the timber, and long
arms from the forests reach outinlij the prai-
ries. The land is well watered, and groves of
(piaking aspen are scattered among the ]nne,
cedar, and tamarack forests. Cioing eastward
the forest deepens, until the traveler comes to
the summit of a spur of wooded mountain.s,
and sees, far beneath hin), the beautiful Lake
C(eur d'Alene, thirty miles long and from two
to tive miles wide, with numerous deep bays.
LOON LAKE. WASH.
(
I
I
The Umatilla Reservation is located in the center
of Umatilla County, Oregon, in the northern p(jr-
tion of that State. That re^Mim ;is ^ whole com-
prises the very cream of Northeastern Orcj^on. It
contains 500,000 acres, and is mostl)* hi<;h, rnllinj;-
])rairiu land. There arc a larj,^c number of fine
farms on the reserve, and it is traversed by the
Oregon & Short Line Railroad. This region is
watered by the Umatilla River and its tributaries.
The country surroundini;- it is well settled, and is
in a hiH;h state of cultivation. The time of the
openinj,'' of this reserve is indefinite.
The Xcz Perccs Reservation in Nez Perces
County, Idalio, is the largest of any south of the
Colville Reservation. This desirable reser\-e is
located near the eastern boundary t)f Washini;lori,
and comprises 746,651 acres of as fine land as
road, both leadins^f out
of vSpokane.
eH.\(<i, MA.vrrcH,
KIM I IX.
ever the sun shone upon,
recently been opened
to settlement. Al)out
2,000 settlers have loca-
ted iipon lands there,
and several new towns
have sprung- U]). The
character of the lantl is
(piite diversified, and
pretty well divided be-
tween prairie and tim-
ber lands. There are
thousands of acres yet
open to purchase. The
anricultural lands can
onlv be taken under
This reserve
has (pnte
A CAMPING SCENE
"DEATH-ON.THE-TRAIL," SIX FEET
SIX INCHES TALL. A SPO-
KANE CHARACTER.
the homestead law, but,
in addition thereto, the
settler must pay $3.75
per acre, one-half of
which must be paid
within three years from
date of entry, the re-
maining' half at date of
f nal proof. As a lum-
ber region it has no
superior.
Price of timber lands,
$5.00 per acre. This re-
gion is reached via
the vSpokane & Palousc
Railroad, and the Ore-
gon Sc Xavigati(jn Rail-
The Kootenai River
is 600 miles long.
The Valley of the
Yakima is about 200
miles long.
It is about twenty-
five miles across the
Kittitas Valley.
The State of Wash-
ington is one-t'ourth
larger than England.
L;ike Chelan is sev-
BROOK TROUT FOR BREAKFAST
cniy miles long and
from one to three
miles wide.
The Palouse country
is about 100 miles in
length and thirt}' to
seventy miles wide.
The (loNernment sig-
nal otiicer stationed at
Spokane says the etjua-
bility of the temper-
ature in the State of
Washington is un-
ecjualcd in any other
part of the United
States except on the
immediate coast of Southern California.
ri. II. Spalding of Almota, Wa.sh., has gathered
120 ])()unds of fruit per tree from three-year-old
peach trees.
Artesian wells in the Moxee Valley vary in
depth from 300 to 1,000 feet. One of these flows
over 1,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours.
From an eight-year-old apple tree, John
Gallagher of the Wenatchee Valley picked about
400 pounds of green fruit, to keep the branches
from breaking down.
The Klickitat country in Washington is
bounded liy the Columbia River on the scnith
and by the Simco,- iountains on the north. It
is about 100 miles long by froni twenty to thirtv
miles wide. It is drained by the Klickitat River
and numerous smaller streams.
44
MiWMMIiiiWMMIMIIItlim iiiliiyilliMlffl^
DUT FOR BREAKFAST.
ilcs liiii.i;' and
jiiu ti) three
vide.
^al(nise country
t loo miles in
and thirty to
miles wide.
lovernment si,i;-
cer stationed at
2 says the C(iiia-
)f the teniper-
n the State of
n.y;ton is iin-
in any other
f the United
cxce])t (in the
ornia.
h., has j^athered
1 three-year-old
Valley vary in
e (if these flows
nty-four hours,
lie tree, John
jy picked about
•]) the branches
Washinj^ton is
r on the south
I the north. It
wenty to thirty
Klickitat River
PUBLIC AND OTHER LANDS.
UK Spokane Land Office district includes
the counties of Adams, Lincoln, Okan-
ojjan, vSpokahe, Stevens, Whitman, and
]iart of Dou;,das.
The total area of land surface in the
counties of this district is 8,2,^9,750 acres.
The area disposed of, u]) to March ,?i,
1896, is 4,18,^,747 acres.
The £irca in acres reserved a^^i^-rej^ates
1,980,160.
The area in acres unappropriated, unreserved,
surveyed and unsui-veyed
amounts to 2,154,568.
arable and valuable for fruit and j^rain. Lincoln :
Farming-, fruit, and j;Tazin);-. Okanoj^an : Moun-
tainou.s, mineral, fruit, and )frazinJ,^ Spokane:
I'arniinj;-, j^ardcninj^-, mineral, and fruit lands.
Stevens : ^lountainous and valley, mineral ; val-
uable for timber, mines, fruit, and farmin.y.
Whitman : Farminj;-, fruit, and j;razin(4-.
In all the counties of this district are excellent
lands for fruits, vegetables, and stock-raisinJ,^
Settlers ujjon unsurveyed lands have prior ri},dit
to homc.-itead entry after the lands are surveyed.
The Northern Pacific
Railroad Company has.
BANK BUILDINGS
I. Tiadeis' National Bank,
3. Spokane & Eastern Trust Co
The area r)f lanil sur-
face in the several coun-
ties is : Adams, 734,000
acres ; Douylas (portion
included in this district),
1,500; Lincoln, 1,490,250; Okan(jj.;an, 274,500;
Spokane, 1,134,700; Stevens, 3,951,500 ; Whitman,
653)300. There arc no reservations in Adams,
Douj^las, Spokane, or Whitman.
The acreage reserved is ; Whitman, 700; Okan-
ogan, 274,500; vStevens, 1,704,960.
Lands surveyed are : Adams County, 168,885
acres ; Lincoln, 230,691 ; Spokane, 28,516 ; Stevens,
251,262 ; Whitman, 20,793.
Unsurveyed lands ^n this district are situated :
Dotijrlas, 1,500; Lincoln, 8,483; Spokane, 91,950;
Stevens, 1,352,488.
The lands in Adams and I)ou,i,rlas counties arc
IN SPOKANE.
J. Old National Bank,
4, Exchange National Bank
nder its grant, every
odd section for twenty
miles on each side of its
main line, and branches
which were constructed.
For lands lost on account of priority of settle-
ment, reservations, or State selections, it has
indemnity or lieu selections, extending its pos-
sessions into all the counties in this district.
These lands are for sale at various prices, accord-
ing to locality.
Unimproved farming and fruit lands may be
bought in Eastern Washingt(jn and Northern
Idaho at from $2.50 to $10 per acre. Improved
farms and orchard land can be bought at from
§8 to §30 per acre. Choice unimproved fruit
lands, within five to ten miles of Sjjokane, may
be had for from $10 to $30 per acre.
45
HI
ti
EDUCATION IN EASTERN WASHINGTON.
1. State Normal School at Cheney, Wash. 2. Univ»rsity of lilaho at Moscow. 3, Co'fax High School.
5 Public School, Garfield. Wath. 6. Spokar j Business College
4. Public School, Pullman, Wash,
..^ftvt^vs^:
tJnl^
;v»r:5^
0»^-*- I' ARMS AND ORCHARDS.
KAXOC.AN VALLHV lies n,,rt:i
(if tliL' Hij,f Ik'iul coiinlry, with tliu
Columbia Ri\cr iiUtTvcniii),'. Tlir
liV iiiipcr portiiins dl" tiiu valley cniitaiii
iraiiy fine sloek ranges. The l)i>t-
tdiu aiul hill lands ai'c snitalilc t'ur
farniin^^ .Vppk's, ])lnnis, pcaehcs,
f,'Tapcs, and small fruits are j,Tii\vn,
Rich silver and lead liearinj^ ores are mined
/' on the Coiieonnlly River, a tributary of the
( Jkanoj^an.
The Chelan and Methow re;^;ion lies s(Uith\vest
and conti)^uons to the ( )kan()jian eountry. It is
drained by the
Methow and Che-
lan rivers. Lake
Chelan is a pictur-
esipie, navijrable
sh^et of water, sev-
enty miles lon.Lf by
one to four miles
wide. The ^le-
thow and its trib-
utaries, and the
streams flowinj^
into Lake Chelan
have narrow fer-
tile valleys. These
and the slopes of
adjacent hills eon-
tain a good deal of
arable f a r m i n jjf
land and bunch-
grass ])asturage.
Mines of silver and lead are
in the mountain districts.
THE LUSCIOUS PEAR
being developed
WAI.I.A WAI.l.A, "wiiKKi: ruK \v\ri.Ks MF.ir.
The Walla Walla country lies between vSnake
River on the north and the lilue Mountains on the
south, and is the oldest settled portion of i-lastcrn
W;ishington, and one of the most attractive. This
region jjractically la])s over into the State of Ore-
gon. It is an undulating plateau, deeply creased
by the narrow valleys of the streams. It is an
exceedingly fertile and attractive region, with
substantial towns and numerous railroad lines.
The average yield of wheat rarely falls below
twenty-live bushels to the acre, and with careful
cultivation, in favorable seasons, forty and fifty
bushels are raised. The .seed is sown either in the
nil or s])ring, as suits the farmer's convenience.
'i'iie harvest season begins the ist of July, i.-id
lasts into September, H.irle)- is the ni\t most
important cereal cro]). ( )rchards abound, and tlie
culture of a])|)les, ])eaches, ])ruiies, cherries, pears,
plmns, grapes, and berries is a leading industry.
'• will Kr. I Ml, ni:i) \i w I'll NU s."
The Yakima Valley lies north of the Klickitat
countr\-, reaching from tlie Coliimliia River to the
Cascade Mountains, and is about ioo miles long.
The central ])arts of the valley contain the l)est
agricultural lands. I'or the last fifty miles of its
cour.se, the river runs through a dry region. The
soil is Wonderfully
rich, however, and
irrigation has ren-
dered it exceed-
ingly ])roductive.
The middle \alley
issiipjiosed to have
once been the bed
of a series of lakes.
The tii)per\-alley is
a region of moun-
tains and foothills,
clothed with for-
ests. The table-
lands and hills are
covered with sage
in ])art, and in ])art
with lu.xuriant
bunch grass. They
and the adjacent
valleys have been
famous for a ciuarter of a century as the grand-
est pasture lands of the Northwest. Great prog-
ress has been made in irrigating etiterjjrises
in the Yakima Valley and along the tributary
streams flowing to the river. Main canals have
been constructed covering both the first and
second benches of the northern side of the vallej'
for a distance of nearly loo miles, and lands thus
brought under ditch are found to be nowhere
excelled for general fertility and for special adap-
tation to the raising of frnits, hops, vegetables,
grains, and gras.ses. The cultivation of apples,
jiriines, cherries, plums, peaches, apricot.s, pears,
gra]ies, strawberries, rasjiberrie.s, and other small
fruits is attended with marked snecess, the fruit
attaining great pert'ection of size and flavor, and
great abundance of yield The hop industry Iku
been a leading industrv.
c Schoal. Pullman, Was*!,
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A RACE fDR EMPIRE
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OTHER TRUE TALES
or ThE NORTHWEST
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