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■ IIIIIIIIHWWMHIIHI 
 
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 » 
 
 A RACE rOR EMPIRE 
 
 fe 
 
 AND 
 
 OTHER TRUE TALES 
 OF THE NORTHWEST 
 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 'D^ 
 
 >s»^'"*,«». 
 
 
imam 
 
IJAVE you hicard rf tl^e triaq and thje woqderful ride 
 I Th,at saved tl^e Nortliv/t, t coast to our side; 
 
 Of \i\e qaq v/ho crossed tl^e plaiqs vii{\\ Fjis hride; 
 Built a wagoq road over tf^e Great Divide 
 
 To rrjake hi'H ^ ^o"^® °1 "''^ <''^'="' ^''■'^®' 
 Thieq sacrificed self for the land if f^is pride, 
 Ar^d, to save it for us, as a rrjartyr died ? 
 
 -U.0. 0. J Fairfitld. 
 
wmmm 
 
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 *f/^#^ 
 
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 --'^^^ ;£7*>^ 
 
 " WHERE ROi-i-S THE OREGON " 
 B')« Car.y.in ,.n Pen. I (I O^e 'c R'ver, one of th« chief soufcos of ttie Coluir.bii, fotmeily cal ed 
 
 tl-9 O'egofi. 
 
 Jy» 
 
 >iij»"*V^ 
 
 '^^-'i^ ^" 
 
 ^'^ Vjfl»'' 
 
A racp: for empire 
 
 A M » 
 
 % 
 
 Other True Talcs ot the Northwest. 
 
 -^ vig^^ 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 THE MO H NINO SPOKESMAN-REVIEW, 
 SPOKANE, WASH. 
 18t)(i. 
 
in^ 
 
 '■ 
 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1806, 
 llV T|{E 
 REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 SPOKANE, WASH. 
 
 RAN-n, McXaLI.V & Co , ruiNTKR:- ANO EXCRAVERS, CTIICAHO. 
 
'A CX)l'RIHR Ol^ THE WKST." 
 
 WluTo tin- itifitintninA tnrn tnthi* ^Iuwint{ wt-ni. 
 
 Ami hliilu- In till' hllllHi't »VH. 
 
 (inil |)1anti-il a K'^ril^'n <•!' lovi'lincHH, 
 A Kiirili'ii iif ili'siiny " 
 
 'I'^N'lCk was Wiildill;;' jiitit- 
 lU'V !il<c uiUu that nl' 
 Maixiis Whilniaii and 
 Henry Spaldinj,^ and Ihcii- 
 briik's. Ill suhlinic inspira- 
 tiiin, liLTdic cxci-'Utiiiii, and 
 mmaiUic inciilenl, Aiiuri- 
 can liistory has iKitliiii.i^ 
 more beautiful nr impres- 
 sive. On tile 4lh clay of 
 July, iS ;d, these iiiissiiniar- 
 ies (if the iXnieriean I'mard 
 
 and their youn^j brides 
 
 halted iiixm the siininiil 
 
 of the Rocky Mcjiintains, 
 
 and tliere, ainoiij,'- the 
 
 snowy watchtowers of 
 
 the world, with the 
 
 waters flowinj,'' upon one 
 
 hand to the Mexie (Wilf, 
 
 and upon the other to 
 
 the Paeific, they raised 
 
 the stars and stripes, and 
 
 yave thanks to (lod for 
 
 their preservation in the 
 
 wilderness, anionjr savaj^^e 
 
 tribes and half-savaj^e 
 
 white men. 
 
 Six years later, Fre- 
 mont passed over this 
 
 same South Pass of the 
 
 Rocky Mountains, and 
 
 men ehcered his name 
 
 and called him Path- 
 finder. Pathfinder, for- 
 sooth ! F i n d i n jr the 
 
 paths which women's 
 
 feet had trod ! 
 
 These were the first 
 
 white women to cross 
 
 the Rocky Mountains 
 
 and follow the western waters to the sea. 
 Waailaitpu the red men called their mi.ssion 
 
 home, and Walla Walla the waters by which they 
 
 pitched their tents in the fair, wild vale into which 
 
 their Indian jjuidcs had broujiht them. Walla 
 
 Walla — v-hcre the waters meet — the Indians 
 
 called it then, and AValla Walla it will remain for- 
 ever, biiause tile pioueirs loved the name ami 
 handed it down to their children. 
 
 It was n veritable no man's land, elainud alike 
 by I".iij;laii<l ami America, and held b_\- both under 
 a truce of joint occupation, luijjland asserted title 
 south to the forty-sixth parallel, a claim which, if 
 sustained, would have j^iven that country all of the 
 jircseut State of Washin^rton and the j^^reater part 
 of the State of ()re),n)n. In a feeble way the 
 United States claimed title north to the line of 
 lifty-four forty, but our statesmen were apathetic, 
 and some of them were clamoring; for abandon- 
 ment of everythiu);' west of the Rocky Moun- 
 t.iins. 
 
 Thus drifted atVairs until the summer of 1X4.'. 
 Lord Ashburton for Kn;;- 
 land, and I)aniel Wcbstir 
 for the United States, 
 then nejfcjtiated a treaty 
 defininjj the l)ouiular\' 
 line between the United 
 .States and Canada. They 
 a},>-reed on the forty-ninth 
 parallel as far west as the 
 Lake of the Woods; 
 beyond that the treaty of 
 joint occi'.pation was con- 
 tinued. Enj^land was 
 bidinji' her time. .She 
 had her j^reedy fur hunt- 
 ers in the " Orej^on Coun- 
 try," and they were 
 coaxinj;' in settlers from 
 the Red River Valley 
 of Canada. The United 
 States had a little mis- 
 sion band, but what were 
 these, thought Enjjland. 
 L^pon a memorable 
 October day in 1842, Doc- 
 tor Whitman was called 
 away from the mission t(j 
 one of the Hudson Bay 
 posts, to set a broken 
 liiiib. There was a j^oodly company at dinner, 
 and while they were at their toasts, a courier came 
 in from the north with the news that a larj^e coni- 
 ])any of British settlers were arrived in the Colville 
 Valley. " Hurrah I" exclaimed a young officer ; 
 " the countrv is ours, the Yankees are too late." 
 
 
 :m 
 
INDIAN Tl rn , 
 
 Xiit ;i wurd said Marcus Wliifiaii. He called 
 for !ns liorse and rode inii)etii(iusiy to his inissiim 
 htiiiie. Wlieii he drew rein at Waaiiait])ii, his 
 steed was l'i)ani-llecked, 
 and he was hatless. Ilis 
 wife and associates had 
 seen him cninini; from 
 the south, and liad ^due 
 out to meet him and 
 learn tiie occasion of his 
 excitement. In hurried 
 words he informed them 
 of the danjjer of British 
 occui)ation, and declared 
 his ])uri)ose of ridini^' to 
 the nation's capital and 
 warninj;- the administra- 
 tion of the dan;4er. I'leatl- 
 in^s and ])rotests were of no avail. -\ conference 
 of the mission baud was held. " 1 want your con- 
 sent," said Marcus Whitman, "hut I am j^cjin;;- 
 whetiier you jjive it or not." 
 
 With Amos Lovcjoy for companion, the hero of 
 the West j;allo|)ed away on a ride that was des- 
 tined to become memorable in the annals of the 
 heroic. Washinj.;ton City 4,000 miles away, and 
 winter cominj^ on I At the crossing;; of the Cirande, 
 his ji^uide refused to ijhinjrc into the half-frozen 
 torrent. Whitman led the way, broke the ice, 
 swam the icy current in midstream, and breakin;f 
 the ice upon the other shore, reached solid land 
 aj^'^ain. Awed by tiiis feat of darinJ,^ the ^uide 
 followed the preacher. 
 
 Floundcrinjr throuj^h deep snowdrifts, fordinj,^ 
 half-frozen rivers, facinjf the blizzard of the j^reat 
 plains and the intense cold of tin; mountain 
 passes, subsistinijf on do^ and mule meat, always 
 undeterred by dani,a'rs, always turninj;- a deaf ear 
 
 not bo 
 
 NDIAN SWtAT BiTH 
 
 to a|)peals to pause at liie fiw loni'ly 
 forts en route, Whilnian imle on to 
 save ()reK<>n anil be(|Ueath an I'Uipire 
 to the t]nn he loved. 
 
 l"i\'e months from the day he ;;al- 
 loped out of the mission station in the 
 far-disiant < )re).;on country. Whitman 
 walked ilown tne streets of Wa.siiinj.j- 
 ton, clad in ttirs, a tijjure eonimaiulinj.j 
 the respectful atti'Ution of diplomats 
 an<l Senators. Ili' ari.;ucd with Web- 
 ster; he pleaded with President Tyler, 
 lie jjrew ehxpient in jiicturin^^ the 
 beauty and richness of the land that 
 was trembling;- in the scales. 
 
 "The couiitr\' can never be saved," 
 said Oa'iiel Webster, "because it can 
 occupied by American settlers. ( )ur 
 l)ionecrs will not ^o i^i numbers where they 
 can not take their wajj'ons." 
 
 " They can take their 
 uaj^ons 'o ()re],fon," re- 
 |ilicd the heroic rider 
 from the West. " 1 know 
 it, because I have taken 
 wheels into that country 
 myself." 
 
 " Mr. Whitman, " said 
 the I'resiilent, " we will 
 ,L;ivt' you this i)romise: 
 The (iovernment will 
 not surrender ()rej,fon 
 until you ha\e had an 
 op po r t u n i t y to prove 
 whether settLrs can ;;() 
 there with tlieir waj^ons." 
 
 Whitman had foreseen the needful. Under 
 annoyin;,' ])rotests from the j;uides, he had, in i.Sjfj, 
 
 INDIANS AT HOME 
 
ii till' liw liiiu'ly 
 111. Ill fiidc 111) to 
 liicatli an rini)ire 
 
 till.' 'lav lie nal- 
 iiiii statimi in the 
 )nnlry, Wliitniaii 
 c'l'ts (if Wasliiiiff- 
 ;mc tipinniaiulin^f 
 imi 111' (lipliiinats 
 411C1I with Wcl)- 
 I'residont Tyler. 
 Ill pietiirinj,' the 
 nt the land that 
 seales. 
 
 never lie saved." 
 
 '• lieeausc it eau 
 
 111 settlers. Our 
 
 ihers where they 
 
 L-y ean take their 
 * fi) ()rej;<Mi," re- 
 the hen lie rid<T 
 he Wist. " I kiiDW 
 aise 1 have taken 
 into that ennnlry 
 
 Whitman," said 
 •esident, "we will 
 ^■(iii this iirnniise: 
 (icivernnieiu will 
 airreiidei" ()rej.j<)n 
 yon have had an 
 rt unity to prove 
 er settlors ean ^o 
 
 needful. L'nder 
 dcs, he had, in i.Sj6, 
 
 taken wheels aeross the eoiiiiiKiit and into the 
 jrreat valley of the Cohinihia. lit.- kne\*'; they 
 did not. As lie rude through the borderland on 
 his way to Washinj^tou, he had ))assed the word 
 aloii;;; "Meet 1110 on the bonier in June, and I 
 will jiuide yoii to ()rej;c' " 
 
 IJaek to the West rode the intrepid missionary. 
 At Independenei', Mo., 1,000 immij^rants with 500 
 rilles were waitinj;- for ttu'ir nuide, lie fiiltilled 
 liis promise, lie piloted them aeross the loneh' 
 ileserts and the wild inountains. lie found the 
 fords; he eiired the siik; he led 
 the lon^ train to j,nvi'n j.;rass 
 and fresh wati'r. He took tlieiu 
 to ()i V u with their wa.i;oiis 
 and their rilles, and the wcni 
 went baek, and tlious;mtls to<ik 
 eoiiraj.fo and followeil, an 
 ( )reL;dn was saved — saved b\ 
 
 W.ives the red stalldanl of llritaiu, ai e the wiUI 
 and majestic Selkirks, and far to the Hoiitli lie the 
 folds of the soft and entrain in;,' Mine Mountains, 
 as ).;raeeful in tlu'ir Titaiiie drapery as the shining; 
 folds of a silken j^ariiunt. l'i\e Inindriil mili's, ;»« 
 the ea;,;le llir>, is the diameter of this noble basin. 
 Ami everywhere run crystal streams to the west; 
 and evi! ywlure is heard the soothinjf voiee of the 
 wi'st wind anion;; the evergreens, or the softer 
 rust V if tlie buneh jjrass of the prairies, The for- 
 ests 1 aeli out their loiij.; arms and einbraie the 
 
 prairies, and the 
 pi'airies throw 
 lie.nitifiil ^^ladcs 
 amiiuj; the |iiiie 
 iri'i's and the 
 I ed.ii's. 
 
 le majeslio 
 
 riv els ' the t'o- 
 
 uinbia, whieh 
 
 Mryaiit k 11 e w 
 
 as the < l|e;;cin, 
 
 when it " knew 
 no '■iiiu.d ^,l\e 
 
 Marcus Whitman. I'our 
 years later the path- 
 linder and the i)atriot 
 beeanii; the martyr of 
 the cross. Himself and 
 t"aithful wife, two adopted 
 children, and ten otliers wei'i 
 slain by Cayuse Indians. Near 
 the fair city of Walla Walla, by 
 the site of the old mi.ssion lioiiic. views near spok 
 is a j,rreat .i;rave, and therein lies forever 
 the honori.'d dust of the patriot and the martyr. 
 And it was a fair land and pleasing- — a land of 
 sunny slo))cs and billowy prairies, of tleei> and 
 solemn forest, and snowj" mountain summit. 
 When the world was youii^^, the Creator lifted up 
 f<iur vast chains of mountains, and it w;'.s in the 
 hollow betveeii them that he led his servant and 
 made of him the instrument of a nol)le destiny. 
 The (Ireat Stony Mountains form the eastern 
 wall; the Cascades, or the Presidential Kan^e. are 
 upon the west. Far to the north, where ii<iw 
 
 its own ilashir. 's " ; the silvery Snaki, tiio 
 Clearwater, the Peiul d'Oreille, the Kootenai, 
 
 iiid the crystal S])okaiie,fallinjf in ripjile, ar.d 
 cascade, and cataract adown a vale of surpass- 
 \\tii beauty — j^atlier the water tribute <if this fair 
 domain and bear it to the sea. 
 
 And from the ^reat sea ccnne the lordly salmon, 
 leajMnj;' in the rainbow of the falls; and the lusty 
 trout darts throuj^h ])ools of crystal clearness, or 
 springs into the sumnier air to jirey ii])on tliC 
 win,i;ed insects that flutter their briel life above 
 the water. 
 
 If one could have the ea,i;le's vision and stand 
 ti])on the summit of some lofty ])eak in the liittcr 
 Root s])ur of the Rocky Mountains, his eye would 
 be charmed with a view of humlreds of t'orest- 
 
f 
 
 
 :l 
 
 |i 
 
 THE GENTLE PALOUSE. 
 
 frinjrwl lakes and ininintain tarns — some of these 
 of great extent, and all of depth and elearness; 
 
 he would see the white man's steamboat and the 
 Indian's canoe rocked by the same wave; and if 
 
 ONE OF SPOKANE S Biu blOHtb 
 
steamboat and the 
 same wave; and if 
 
 CCEUR D'ALENE park, SPOKANE. 
 
 the time were summer, ne would see thousands of 
 merry campers by the shore. For this is a land 
 where people take their outinjj as they take on 
 lijjhter raiment in the summer, as matter of 
 course. Everybody goes campinj;^, and even the 
 ladies fillip the rod and poise the rifle. 
 
 These, however, are the more sentimental and 
 
 recreative phases of this land that Whitman 
 .saved. It i.s, moreover, a land of marvelous nat- 
 ural wealth and resource, where plenty is the rule 
 and failure the exception. If you would learn 
 what your countrymen and cousins have done in 
 this land which Whitman saved to the stars and 
 stripes, read on. 
 
♦'LAND OF THE SUNSET SHORP:S." 
 
 CHACO, ^lAXITCII, KUMTUX — COME, SEE, KNOW. 
 
 r 
 
 iHE sjiirit (if unrest which now 
 prevails in the States east of the 
 Mississippi seems to have contrib- 
 uted to a widespread desire for a 
 ehanjjfe of base, and as the star of 
 empire courses its way westward, 
 all eyes are turned toward the Paci- 
 fic for some sijjfn of encourayemeut, 
 and all ears listen for tidinj^'s of the 
 new land of the sunset shores. The 
 ; access of a majority of homeseek- 
 ers in this portion of the Northwest 
 has inspired multitudes to follow, 
 r.nd to try anew their fortunes where 
 success has come to so many so quicklj-. It has 
 .ecently dawned upon the Eastern mind that the 
 amount of ^ood ajjricultural lands, in jiroportion 
 to the entire area of this rey^ion, is much j,'-reater 
 
 Igfr^'^^^pr 
 
 
 W^-' ^ ' 
 
 '\ 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 ■ Sm 
 
 z' -'^i^^^^^^^H 
 
 r. ^i 
 
 
 
 - - '~::a\- ■4tmf 
 
 
 ■■..,/ Ma y\ 
 
 / • 
 
 ^■"'■^ 
 
 Wa-ha falls, near lewiston. 
 
 than has been properl)' shown, or even supposed. 
 As matter of fact, the proportion is about as jifreat 
 as in New York, Pennsylvania, or Virginia. All 
 
 kinds and branches of farminjif known to northern 
 latitudes are carried on more successfully in 
 Washington and Idaho than in the Eastern or 
 
 
 f iL 
 
 P'^^ffi^ 
 
 nsomefi 
 
 
 11 ^#1 i« 
 
 ' : - ■" 
 
 
 SALMON FROM THE SPOKANE RIVER, FIVE MILES BELOW SPOKANE 
 
 Middle States. A failure of crops is unknown in 
 tile historv of this countrv. 
 
 [■. ■iifr^'V"* ' .■•^" t"- <^, 
 
 *"<..,- 1 
 
 M /^M 
 
 ^3 
 
 %'M'^W'^--4 
 
 ^S 
 
 W^^^^^CMi 
 
 
 fi3l*»e' 4\ ':#IaJ 
 
 SPORT ON LOON LAKE. 
 
 In the selection of a permanent location, climate 
 is a matter of th'j first consideration. The climate 
 of Eastern Washington and Idaho, owing to the 
 
 10 
 
 
5. 
 
 nown to northern 
 successfully in 
 1 the Eastern or 
 
 e(Hial)ility of its temperature, is very fine. The 
 atmos])liere is dry and exhilaratinj,^. The averaj^^e 
 elevation above the sea level is about 2,200 feet. 
 The prevailinjj breezes are from the southwest 
 and come from the Pacific Ocean. Sudden chanjifes 
 from one e.xtre.ne to another do not occur in this 
 climate. There are no destructive wind storms 
 or electrical disturbances; indeed, tluinder and 
 lij^htninj;- are very rare. Bliz/.ards are unknown. 
 .Sunstrokes never occur, because of the drvness of 
 the atmosphere and the activity of the air currents. 
 The accompanyinjif official table is submitted in 
 ])roof of what has been here stated. 
 
 " .\noVK riiK (;R(U\|), iunka i 11 1 111. HKoIND, 
 
 K.\( II pRoini r sKi'.Ms riir. iiKsr." 
 Nature has bestowed upon this rej,don her 
 favors with a lavish hand. The native resources 
 
 .Ml iiiiuii|(k;ii Ai. Data or Spukank, Wash., for Tkn Vkars 
 — Im 1 1 ipiN(i iss()-<)5. 
 
 
 1^ 
 49 
 
 3^i 
 
 111 
 
 3|| 
 
 15 8f> 
 
 104 
 
 NuinbcT of 
 
 l)ayH. 
 
 '.J 
 75 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Vk.vk. 
 
 C.t: 
 S-W 
 
 
 l8S() 
 
 l-(> 
 
 114 
 
 42 
 
 1SS7.... 
 
 47 
 
 20.10 
 
 126 
 
 lOS 
 
 15.' 
 
 107 
 
 S-\V 
 
 .1" 
 
 l.tSS.... 
 
 4'l 
 
 i7-f>'i 
 
 106 
 
 .,8 
 
 Ill 
 
 "57 
 
 .S-\V 
 
 y 
 
 iSSy... 
 
 4') 
 
 14.27 
 
 '17 
 
 74 
 
 132 
 
 "49 
 
 S-\V 
 
 y 
 
 lS(;o 
 
 47 
 
 l''-57 
 
 i"7 
 
 ,,,•< 
 
 1211 
 
 147 
 
 S-W 
 
 4« 
 
 1S91 
 
 49 
 
 1 ().()<) 
 
 123 
 
 S'* 
 
 122 
 
 |I>| 
 
 S-W 
 
 48 
 
 lS.,2.... 
 
 48 
 
 1(1. 7S 
 
 "19 
 
 104 
 
 124 
 
 138 
 
 s 
 
 3'' 
 
 1 Sij3 
 
 4(. 
 
 22.00 
 
 144 
 
 78 
 
 lo^ 
 
 1S2 
 
 s 
 
 3" 
 
 'S<M---- 
 
 4,S 
 
 17.84 
 
 137 
 
 62 
 
 I 18 
 
 i«S 
 
 S-W 
 
 39 
 
 iS<)5.--- 
 
 4S_ 
 4" 
 
 I3.4f. 
 
 17.13 
 
 ' '7 
 
 81 
 9f> 
 
 126 
 123 
 
 158 
 
 S-W 
 
 42 
 
 .AviTiljre 
 
 146 
 
 S-W 
 
 42 
 
 XoiK. Owii;^ to ilie l.iw rflati\'f humidity prt'vailin>^ during Uh' 
 afternoons of tlit- warint-r pans of tin* year,' prostration from heat 
 (Sunstroke) is unknown in Sjjokane CMiaklks Sikwakt, 
 
 January lo, i8(/). Otisi'ivcr L'niteJ S/iilis H'eatlur Hiireaa. 
 
 AKE. 
 
 mt location, climate 
 ation. The climiite 
 daho, owing to the 
 
 I. -Low Water on Iho Pond d'Oioille. 
 
 IDAHO WATERS. 
 -Fort Sherman, on Lakt Cosur d'Alene, 
 
 3. -Bon Canynn, on the Pend d'Oreillo. 
 
 4.— CoBur d'Alene City. 
 
 n 
 
 5.— Albany Fatli, on the Pend d'Ofe' te, 
 
r 
 
 ii 
 
 SPOKANE'S NEW WATERWORK'5, COMPLETED IN 1:^96 AT A COST OF $400,000. 
 
 Bun. dim; Si'ont., such as white and vari-coh)rcd 
 marbles, "<lato, j,n-anitc, sandstone, and limestone, 
 is inexhaustible in quantity, and is of easy access 
 
 Wii.i) Fruh's are natural resources of the coun- 
 try. There are strawberries, raspberries, huckle- 
 
 berries, cranberries, serviccbcrries, Oregon grapes, 
 wild cherries (two kinds), and thimbleberries. 
 
 Gr.\ssi s for grazing and hay are abundant. 
 Bunch grass, redtop, and valley grass flourish on 
 the ])rairie!., valleys, and foothills of the mountains. 
 
 
 'i lib III! y 
 
 ■ L'L' 
 
 n U: 
 
 LL LL , II LI L ^' 
 
 Lf LL 
 
 T3f *■•* ^ ■ 
 
 ..--*^' 
 
 !L LL L'- - L L 
 LL LL La L t _ 
 '^i H IJ: L I L 
 
 ^^"^^ 
 
 MfcDICAL LAKE AbVLUM. 
 12 
 
WHERE EORIUNES ARE MADE IN A DAY." 
 
 rries, Orejjon j^rapes, 
 thimbleberric.-;. 
 hay arc ainindant. 
 ev j^rass flourish on 
 ills of the mountains. 
 
 WM 
 
 1 
 
 w^ 
 
 IP 
 
 ,; L L L 
 
 
 , L L b 
 
 
 ' L I L 
 
 t 
 
 
 ■ .'« 
 
 ii ii-^ " 
 
 a' 
 
 \\\i niinin^r industry stauils 
 as one of the most ini])or- 
 tant factors in the oiiura- 
 tive life of this country. The 
 results so far have been most 
 _t;ratifyin,s.;-. ;uk1 there is no 
 abatement in the fascin.ition 
 which leads the pros]iector 
 and operator to further en- 
 deavor in the search of the 
 precious minerals. 
 TiiK Co tu d'Ai.im. Coin I kv, 
 l)'in}i' eiyhty-livc miles east of 
 vSpokane, has become faiuous as a 
 mineral region. It lies 
 amid the hij^h rujij^ed 
 mountains of Northern 
 Idaho, and is reached 
 by the Orej^on Rail- 
 way & Navigation and 
 the Northern Pacific 
 Railway. The old Mul- 
 lan road, the military 
 hijjhway runniny from 
 Fort Benton, at the 
 head of navigation on 
 the Missouri Ri. er, to 
 Fort Walla V/alla in 
 AVa.shinj^ton, traverses 
 nearly the lenj^'t! of 
 the C(eur d'Alene re- 
 jfion. The fame (jf 
 tlie C(tur d'Alenes is 
 mainly due to their 
 great silver-lead pro- 
 ducing mines. These 
 are mainly located on 
 the south fork of the 
 C(x;ur d'Alene River. 
 The jirineipal mines 
 in this country are 
 the Standard, Bunker 
 Hill & Sullivan, Last 
 Chance, Tiger, Poor- 
 man, Had'^er, Gem, Cus- 
 ter, Black Bear, Morning. Hunter, Granite, .Sierra 
 Nevada, and Stemwinder. The daily output of 
 these mines is about 300 tons in concentrates, an 
 average yield of thirty ounces in silver and 60 per 
 cent of lead to the ton. When in full operation, 
 they afford employment to over 3,000 men. 
 
 WA-HA CREEK, NEAR LEWISTON. 
 
 Additional facilities for concentrating the ores 
 ha\e been added, and the output will hereafter 
 be almost doubled. 
 
 \Vanlner is headquarters for the liiuiker Hill \- 
 Sullivan, Last Chance, Tyler, and Sierra Nevada. 
 Wallace is the largest tov> n i'l this region, and 
 is the commercial center. Not far from Wallace, 
 on Nine Mile Canyon, is a groU]> of line claims in 
 process of development, and which are known as 
 the lilack Cloud, Califi>rnia, and Panhandle. 
 
 Burke is another center of a large mineralized 
 area. This is the home of the Tiger and Poor- 
 man mines, two heavy ])roducers. The aggregate 
 output of these mines is about eighty tons of 
 
 c(jncenlrates jjcr da\', 
 averaging thirty-nine 
 ounces in silver and 30 
 l)er cent lead. 
 
 Osborne is also a cen- 
 ter of a rich mining 
 (iistrict, in which are 
 St. lolmo, .Mineral Point, 
 and Killbur) nines, all 
 of which adjoin on the 
 .same ledge. The Nel- 
 lie, War Eagle, Daisy, 
 Cam]), and Knicker- 
 bocker are in this dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Gem is on Canyon 
 Creek, and is one of the 
 most imi)<>rtant camps 
 in this region. It is h)- 
 eated but a few miles 
 from Wallace. It is 
 headtpiarters for the 
 ■Standard, (iem, San 
 I'raneisco, Granite, and 
 the Formosa grouj). 
 The ore from these 
 averages thirty ounces 
 of silver and 50 per 
 cent lead. 
 
 Mullan is the locality 
 of what is known as the 
 Chloride group of mines. This grouj) consists 
 of the Morning, Evening, Night, Grouse, You- 
 Like, Independence, Lucretia, and Gettysburg, 
 besides a number of other valuable jjrojjerties. 
 The Little Giant grou]) is on Silver Creek, the 
 central group on Boulder Gulch. The Paymaster, 
 
 13 
 
ii 
 
 ill 
 
 WASHINGTON AND IDAHO MINING SCENES. 
 
 J. Air Dtill, Old Domininn Mtne, Colvilln. 2. The Mining Town of Murray. Idaho. 3. An Ore Conct'nlratof, 4. Hydraulic Minmij 
 
 5. The Tiijer Mmp. C O-e Houses and Tramways. 7 A Washington Silver Mine. 8. A Coeur d'Alene Mining Camp, 
 
 '4 
 
y 
 
 ■Sfc.^' 
 
 
 »'^^^*^l:«-*t'*s=S*V 
 
 
 f5SV^5«^LJli!?. 
 
 lajBRfeitu. 
 
 WM;^ 
 
 Hydrnulic Mining in Idaho, 
 ene Mining Camp. 
 
 
 Jersey, Little Chirp, and Hiillion are mi Ilimtcr'.s 
 Gorjje. 
 
 IIIK <;()I,I) llKl.T. 
 
 The yold belt of the Coeur d'Alcnc cduntry is 
 located alonjj the north fork of tlie Co-ur d'Alene 
 
 jretic veterans and " tenderfoot " scmirinj; tho 
 hills and hollows in seanh of the preeious min- 
 erals. 
 
 Si r.vKxs Coin 1 V, Wasm. — In Stevens County, 
 Wash., are a number of silver mines of consiiler- 
 
 
 ♦ / 
 
 f'M 
 
 
 River and its tributaries, Prich- 
 ard, Eajrle, and Beaver creeks, 
 and in the country extendinjc 
 eastward to the Bitter Root 
 ilountains. Extensive placer 
 deposits have been found alony 
 these streams, and it is esti- 
 mated that these placers have 
 yielded about $2,500,000 in 
 jj^old since 1883. Several com- 
 panies are operating these 
 placer fields, near Murray, by 
 hydraulic methods. Many fine 
 quartz ledjjes have been found, 
 and some extensively worked. 
 The best known of these mines 
 
 .:;^^: 
 
 ?r-^- 
 
 
 '=?^-->l.H'J 
 
 
 alile note. The Old Dominion 
 Mine, six miles east of Col- 
 ville, is a well-known producer. 
 It is well-e(|ui])ped with all of 
 tlie best mininjif machinery in 
 use, and has about 6,000 feet 
 of development; work, consist- 
 ins,'' of tunnels, shafts, and 
 cross-cuts. A larjife force of 
 men are emploj-ed, and it is 
 rci^arded as one of tlie finest 
 mines in the Northwest. 
 
 The Cleveland Mine is lo- 
 cated at the southern extremity 
 I if the Huckleberry Ran.ne, 
 near the Columbia River. 
 
 ">.-, 
 
 \ '^A 
 
 ^^ 
 
 m^ 
 
 iSP* 
 
 -piWrn /.tiH 
 
 ^," 
 
 /f^: .i' 
 
 -*> 
 
 |:: U 
 
 MINES AND MINING TOWr;S ON THE CANADIAN BORDER. 
 
 I. Pilot Bay Smellei 
 
 2. Nor'hport, Wash. 
 4. Group "if Miners, Rossland, B. C. 
 
 3. Car of O .' at Mitu'.h of Tu 
 5, Town of Rossland B C. 
 
 are the Mother Lode, the Ciolden Chest, (iolden 
 Kin),r, Fay Templeton, Idaho, Treasure Box, the 
 Occident, and the Buckeye jjroup. 
 
 Prospecting; for minerals jjoes f)n as vijjforously 
 as ever, and each summer finds hundreils of ener- 
 
 Sprin}.jdale, on the Spokane & Northern Rail- 
 way, is the shi])pin_n- point fur the Cleveland and 
 Deer-Trail mines. These mines bear a rich 
 de])osit of silver-lead ore in a well-delhied c. intact 
 of lime and yranite. The ore runs about thirty 
 
 IS 
 
r 
 
 I; 
 
 N 
 
 ounces of silver and 40 per cent lead to the ton, 
 tliou^di the Deer-Trail is shi])i)in^r ore much richer 
 than this averajre. Ten miles northeast of Mar- 
 cus are a number of lo\v-;;ra(le properties, which 
 are, however, bij^ in the yield of concentrates, and 
 are easily mined. In the Northjiort district are 
 the Silver Crown, North Star, and a number of 
 other promisinj,' projierties rich in silver. In the 
 Cluj,'ston district are the Tenderfoot, the Dead 
 Medicine, and two tine iron mines. The latter are 
 shippinjc to smelters for fluxiuj^'- pur])oscs. At 
 Chcwelah are the Ea^de and Jay (lould, now in 
 process of ilevelopmcnt. i\t Valley are two j^ood 
 producing iron mines and a number of marble 
 (piarrics. In the Mctaline district in the north- 
 eastern part of the county arc a number of mines, 
 but as yet they are so difficult of access that it is 
 impossible to ship out the product in anyway 
 excc])tinj^ iipon pack-horses. 
 
 North of Spokane, on the Spokane & Northern 
 Railroad line and its connections, lie some of the 
 richest mineral belts ever discovered. The near- 
 est of these to Spokane is the Trail Creek district. 
 
 silver-lead ])roducinj( mines in the world; the Noble 
 Five, and a host of others — all fine properties, which 
 lack of space forbids describinjj here. 
 
 Kaslo is the supply point on Lake Kootenai for 
 the Slocan district, and the end of the Kaslo Slo- 
 can Railway. Ten j^ood jiroducin;^ mines ship 
 from this point. The ores jrrade hijjh, and the 
 sup])ly appears inexhaustible. Trail, Nel.son, Slo- 
 can, Kaslo, and Lardeau may all be properly class- 
 ified as within the west Kootenai district, which 
 contains in all about fifty producinjj mines, with 
 annual a.i,'^''rej,''ate yield, so far, of over |!_^, 000,000. 
 
 Ok ANooAN DisikK I. — This well-known district 
 lies northwest of Spokane nearly 200 miles — or 
 160 as the bird flies — in Okanoj^an County, and 
 ciubraccs nearly 3,000 scpiare miles of territory 
 rich in mineral as well as other resources. Cours- 
 injif throujrli this country are a number of rivers, 
 on the boundaries of which are numerous mininj^ 
 canijis. These are the Okanoj^a.,, Similkameen, 
 .Salmon, Methow, Entiat, and Loi,) Loop rivers. 
 Placer-miniuif ojierations bej^an on the Similka- 
 meen more than thirty-five years aj^o. A great 
 
 HOWARD STREET, SPOKANE. LOOKING NORTH TOWARD THE 
 CITY HALL 
 
 wherein are located the Le Roi, War Eagle, Crown 
 Point, Columbia and Kootenai, Center Star, Josie, 
 Cliff, Nickel Plate, O. K., and a ^ost of others. 
 These are mostly gold-bearing mines, carrying a 
 large percentage of copper. The average value 
 of the product of these mines is $40 per ton. 
 Rossland, a thriving town of 2,500, is the center of 
 these operations on Red Mountain, on the course 
 of Trail Creek. A smelter has been erected at 
 Trail, on the Columbia, eight miles distant from 
 Ros.sland, where the product of the Trail Creek 
 mines is reduced to matte for .shipment to refin- 
 eries. 
 
 Si.(iCAN. — In the great mineral zone lying north 
 of Spokane is what is known as the Slocan. It is 
 situated between the Kootenai and Slocan lakes 
 in British Columbia, and is reached by the Nelson 
 & Fort Shepperd Railway, and by the Kootenai 
 River from Bonner's Ferry on the Great Northern 
 Railway in Idaho. Among the mines in this 
 diiitrict are the Slocan Star, one of the greatest 
 
 RIVERSIDE AVENUE, SPOKANE. LOOKING WEST TOWARD SPOKES- 
 MAN. REVIEW BUILD NG. 
 
 deal of prospecting and considerable development 
 work has been done during the past ten years. 
 The number of locations made runs into the 
 hundreds, and there are a large number of 
 well-developed mines of unquestionable richness. 
 There is great diversity in the character of ores 
 in the different camps. All, excepting the gold 
 quartz mines, run high in silver. Working lists 
 show from sixty ounces to 800 oimccs in silver on 
 the Salmon River at the base of Ruby Hill. A 
 number of fine properties, carrying silver and 
 copper, are located on Mineral Hill, northwest of 
 Conconidly. The lime belt of the Loomiston dis- 
 trict has a number of wcll-devel >ped properties 
 rich in gold and silver, chiefly owned by San 
 Francisco parties. The Palmer Mountain district 
 has become widely known as a gold region. 
 Several groups of claims have been located 
 and worked with success. These are mostly 
 free-milling ores, and a number run high in 
 silver. 
 
 16 
 
 I ■■ 
 
w^.'^-n 
 
 world; the Noble 
 jiropcrtics, which 
 [here. 
 
 like Kootenai fur 
 
 f the Kaslo Slo- 
 
 icinjC mines ship 
 
 de hijjh, and the 
 
 Trail, Nelson, Slo- 
 
 be properly elass- 
 
 ai district, which 
 
 icinjj mines, with 
 
 )f over $5,000,000. 
 
 ell-known district 
 
 ly 200 miles — or 
 
 oiji'an County, and 
 
 miles of territory 
 
 resources. Cours- 
 
 number of rivers, 
 
 numerous mininy 
 
 iiiii.. vSimilkameen, 
 
 Lo.:() Loop rivers. 
 
 m on the vSimilka- 
 
 ars ajjo. A j^^reat 
 
 WEST TOWARD SPOKES- 
 NG. 
 
 arable development 
 he past ten years, 
 ado runs into the 
 
 large number of 
 estionable richness. 
 2 character of ores 
 2xccptin}jf the gold 
 rer. Working lists 
 ounces in silver on 
 
 of Ruby Hill. A 
 arrying silver and 
 
 Hill, northwest of 
 the Loomiston dis- 
 ;vel jped properties 
 fly owned by San 
 :r Mountain district 
 IS a gold region, 
 lave been located 
 These are mostly 
 iber run high in 
 
i^ ' 
 
 
 THE NATATORIUM SPOKANE 
 
 Tlic (lid phiccr camps of Idaho, lyinj,'' southeast 
 of Spokane, that produced so imich yold in the 
 early "6o's" are takinjj on a new lease of life. 
 Pierce Citv, Elk Citv, Florence, and Warrens are 
 
 all comin^j to the front a.^ain, and the outlook for 
 the future is very brij^dit. I'icree I'ity. tlie oldest 
 of the canijis, is situated on Oro I'ino Creek, 
 seventy miles from the railroad at Kendriek, Idalio. 
 
 PLiBLiC INbTirUTlONb, bPUKANE. 
 1 County Court Houso, completed in 1895; cost, $350 000. 2. City Hall, built in 1894, cost, $;65. COO. 
 
 i8 
 
 3 SpoVana Firo Departrr 
 
 f 
 
"WHERi: Cr:RES RKIC.NS. 
 IN SUNSKTS GOLDEN HOME 
 
 ;mil tlu' Diitlonk I'lir 
 .■n.c I'ily, Ihu oldest 
 u Uro Fine) Creek, 
 I at Kondric'k, Idaho. 
 
 I'l-.RnCNClO lias demonstrated 
 
 the fact liere tliat diversified 
 
 I'arniiii^ pays the best. A sinj;lo 
 
 e-xeejition iiii^^lit, however, be 
 
 made as to dairy faniiiiij;'. Cattle 
 
 do so well in ICastern Wasliin^;- 
 
 ton and are so 
 
 entirely free from 
 
 dairy snpplies. I'or many years, like all luw 
 eoiintries north, this rei^ioii was almost wholly 
 j;ivi'n 11]) to wheat raisin^'. ICastern Washiiif^loii 
 alone }iililed ij, 000,000 bushels in iS(;(. The 
 avera;,;e yield i)er aere for the jiast ten years 
 shows twenty and three-tenths bushels. This 
 
 plaj^fucs or diseases com- 
 mon to cattle in otlier 
 ])arts of the country that 
 there is .1 common say- 
 in;^ amon^ breeders and dairy- 
 men that this re^i<in is the nat- 
 ural home of cattle. There is 
 no place in the Union which 
 otTers better inducements to 
 dairymen than Spokane and 
 Eastern Washinfjton. All the 
 jrreat mininj^ camps for a radius 
 of 200 miles around Spokane 
 (le]X'nd ui)on this point for their 
 
 3 Spnk.ino Ftro Depattm.-i,' 
 
 DIGHTON RANCH ON THE ST JOE RIVER. 
 
 averaj^e includes the poorest as well as the best 
 farming. Careful farmers j,ret from thirty to .sixty 
 bushels per acre each consecutive year. Wheat 
 can be j,n-own here for 17 cents a bushel. Add 5 
 cents for marketini;', wliich brinies it up to 2.: 
 cents a bushel. Willi a fair averaj^e yield, wheat 
 at 50 cents ])er bushel will ^ive a net jirolit of not 
 less than $5.00 per acre. 
 
 Oats, barley, and rye do correspondinj^ly well. 
 I'la.K yields an avera;4e of eijjhteen bushels per 
 acre, and the market price during the past ten 
 years has n<it been less than $1.00 per bushel. 
 Root crops of all kinds do e.xcccdini^ly well. The 
 averaj.je j'icld of potatoes has been i jo bushels per 
 acre. This is hij;hcr by twenty-four bushels than 
 the averaj^e of any other State in the Union. 
 The soil of Eastern Washinj.jton is of decomi)o.sed 
 lava, rich with potash, ])hosphates, and silica. 
 These, with the vegetable mold, promote the 
 ;.;rowth of all cereals to a jjreat dej;ree. The 
 prairie; are rollini;- and fertile. Tiie hilltops are 
 ;is rich in soils as the richest loam of a river bot- 
 tom. In fact, the hi<;li, njllin;.^ lands raise heavier 
 strain than the low, level lands. The latter are 
 better adapted to timothy and other grasses. 
 
 BLACKBERRY PATCH, LEWISTON, IDAHO 
 
I 
 
 .i 
 
 fi 
 
 I 
 
 ! I 
 
 rpuii tlif Iciutliills ;iiul niniiti- 
 lain sides atv Hats or clfvatid 
 ti riilc plateaus, which arc (.nnr 
 nil 'Illy called l)cm.hes. These- 
 lieiiehcs are often covered with 
 shrubs and small trees of deeid- 
 lions jffowth, snch as viiii- 
 niaiile, mountain ash, alder, 
 asjien, ha/el, and berry bnslies 
 (if luaiiv kinds. There aie 
 lliousands iif acres of these 
 lands, and many a tine farm 
 can be seen located upon them. 
 They are less liable to frosts 
 than other lands, and they make 
 the most desirable frnit-j;row- 
 iii),' lands to be fonnd. Tluy 
 are {jfenerally well watered by 
 sjirinji's and monntain streams. 
 The soil on the benches is 
 mostly wash and ve>retable loam. 
 
 .car.' // FRO'-i /'HEAT v/i;-' - at 
 
 PULLMAN. WAbH, 
 
 and is as dark as the loams of river-bottom or 
 swamp lands. 
 
 In ICasicrn Washin^ncni and Xortlicni Idaho 
 there were jirown in iSyj: 
 
 < If wlaat, in biislicls i(),(»»i.(hhi 
 
 ( If <ial-. ■■ (i,ii(«),()(iii 
 
 (If liarli-y. " .i.oixj.ix*) 
 
 Since then the animal yields lia\e been as j;real, 
 Inil the jiroportion of the wheat acrcai^e was less 
 and th.it of oats, barley, rye, and ila.\ has been 
 j,'reater. Comparative tables exiiibitiii.i;' the jj'rain 
 yield of fourteen of the j,'-reat j;rain-,L;rowini;- States 
 show that the yield jicr acre in Wash ini^ ton is 
 .i^realer bv considerable than lliat of any other 
 State in the I'nioii. 
 
 The latest biennial reporl oi Uie Slate I'.oard of 
 A^rricultnre and Ilorticnllnre skives sample yields 
 per acre of vegetables in Wash iiv.^ ton as follows: 
 
 { 
 J 
 
 N 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 \ 
 
 '■-J 
 
 I 
 
 Artithokes 
 
 r.caii>. jjrctn or Miap 
 I'.L-ans. l.inia, (hy. .. 
 IVets 
 
 .Jim 111 ',1111 )lUsllL'ls 
 . 7; In l-'n ■• 
 
 _ 7^ I 
 
 .41,,, to 71... ■• 
 
 ("arriits - 41111 ti> 71 m 
 
 I inii)iis . 3111. to >iin 
 
 I '.. tall )<.•■>.._ iiKito iiiiii 
 
 •r.iiiiatuc's St" rjtiiiis. 
 
 'I'liiiiiiis _. fii«i til iiHHi IhisIk'I>. 
 
 Prominent amon.tf the best at,n-icultiiral reijions 
 in the Northwest are the Palonse, the lii;,-^ Ikiid, 
 the Colville Valley, the Walla Walla, the Yakima, 
 the < )kanoi.,r-an, the I'otlatch of Idaho, and the 
 Umatilla of N'orlheasteni Ore-'oii. 
 
 J. 
 
 > 
 
 AUDITORIUM THEATER. SPOKAI^E 
 
 20 
 
s 
 
 1 
 
 dl' rivi-'r-t)i>tt(iiii 
 id XurlluTi) l(h 
 
 ho 
 
 ll],l«KI,(K«l 
 
 . . . . - . . . '*.' «HI,(M M I 
 3,tH)1),()<H I 
 
 ■i have been as j^ri-'at, 
 rat aerc'aj,^L' was less 
 , and flax lias hcLii 
 cxhihitinK' the j^raiii 
 rrain-i^ruwiii.n' States 
 L' in Washiiv^tcm is 
 I that (if any cither 
 
 ■ t the State i'.nard <i!' 
 i^ives sanipli' yields 
 luni^tnn as I'ullnws: 
 
 (HI til iciiilmsliuls. 
 
 7; In IJii 
 
 11,, li. 70.1 
 
 ,( H I 1 1 I 7' 1* . 
 
 Ill, t.i 1 101 1 
 
 S to I J tolls. 
 
 100 to loiio Inislifl-i. 
 ; aiiriciiltiiral re;^i(ins 
 Jdiise, the r>i;,^ P>eiul, 
 a WaUa. tlie Yakima, 
 1 (if Idahii, and tlie 
 
 
 -^f-^-^-'j}^"^)^ 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 " <)\ im. v()i,( ANir ASH," 
 
 The Paldusc rc'i;imi, whicli li'jars the name of a 
 oiKc i)i)\vurful Indian tribe, lies nearly in the form 
 of a };reat trianj,de and is one of the richest deltas 
 that ever yielded its products to the hand of the 
 husbandman. The lands are quite rollinjj, but 
 capable of easy tillar,rc, and are highly fertile, beinj,^ 
 composed of decomposed volcanic rock and vege- 
 table loam. The hij,'-hest elevations arc as rich as 
 the soil in tlic hollcnvs or lower levels, and thus 
 far the soil has sliown no need of fertilization. 
 Wheat has bf.'cn the leadiniif staple of this rc<rion 
 for many years, and the yield has been quite tmi- 
 iovxu ever since the country was settled. There 
 
 sively to that induslr}-. There remains at least 
 J, 000,000 acres of j^-ood arable land in the Paloiise 
 for disposal to settlers at low prices and on easj' 
 terms — prices ranging from $2.50 to $6.00 per 
 acre. This region is well watered by streams, 
 springs, artesian and driven wells. Two railroads, 
 each having brandies, traverse the country and 
 bring all within convenient touch with the mar- 
 kets, where meats, vegetables, and fruits find 
 ready sale. 
 
 "coi.umiiia's cakhkn." 
 
 The total area of the Big Bend region, which 
 embraces two of the largest counties and a portion 
 of another county, is 4,000,000 acres, of which 
 
 it 
 
 1. FirewooJ .T Plenty. 
 
 2, A Good Shot 
 
 Big game. 
 
 3. A nonizcn of the Bitter Roots 
 5. WmttT Spott in Spol<ane County 
 
 4. Onu Day's Sport on trie Lower Pond d OreiHe, 
 
 has never been a crop failure. The wheat prod- 
 tict has ranged fnjm fifteen to sixty bushels per 
 acre. The average j-ield per acre during the ])ast 
 five years, as shown by the ofiicial record, was 
 twenty-one bushels. The largest return of wheat 
 alone in any year was in i.Sijj, which was 16,000,- 
 coo bushels. Since then the crojjs have been 
 more diversified. Barley, oats, rye, flax, and pota- 
 toes now receive much attention and turn out 
 ])rodigiously. The country is well ada])ted to 
 fruit, and manv have turned their attention exchi- 
 
 1,050,000 are under cultivation. It is one of the 
 most desirable regions for agriculture in tlie 
 Northwest. The climatic conditions are excep- 
 tionally fine, the temperature remarkably even. 
 The soil is decomposed basal', with vegetable 
 mold, and the yield of grain has been almost lui- 
 varying year after year. I.'uring the longest of the 
 dry periods there has nc, er been a crop failure. 
 All manner of crops are successfully raised, and 
 one can see frequently, besides great grain fields, 
 good-sized jilots of potatoes, onions, field peas, 
 
 22 
 
 1.1 
 
 \ 
 
i 
 
 liLTc rcnuLins at least 
 l)lc land in the Paloiisc 
 
 )\v prices and on eas_\' 
 
 ini $^.50 to $6.00 per 
 >vatercd by streams, 
 
 wells. Two railroads, 
 verse the coinitry and 
 It touch with the mar- 
 ribles, and fruits find 
 
 i.AUDl.X. 
 
 Rend rejjion, which 
 counties and a portion 
 00,000 acres, of which 
 
 ipoit on tho Lower Pend H Oreitle, 
 
 A'ation. It is one of the 
 for aj;riculture in the 
 c conditions are excep- 
 uture remarkably even. 
 Ijasal'. with vegetable 
 ain has been almost im- 
 Dnrinj,^ the lonjjest of the 
 ', er been a crop failure. 
 ! successfully raised, and 
 )csides jrreat jjrain fields, 
 itoes, onions, field peas, 
 
 beans, cabbajrcs, and other veyetabl-js, whicli are 
 raised in lar^je quantities for shi])ment by the 
 railroads which traverse this rei^ion. I'ruit of all 
 kinds does well, especially aloni;' the v.i!le\' rcj^ions 
 of the Columbia. The Big Bend 
 is mostly high, rolling prairie 
 interspersed with occasiona 
 timbered canyons and mouii 
 tains. Water is easilv ob 
 
 has been a new impetus in inimigi'ati<in. The 
 characteristics (if this county are quite similar to 
 those of Lincoln County and the Palouse country. 
 The soil and climate are the same, with the ex- 
 ception that tluTe is less 
 rainfall on the high table- 
 laiuls. But this fact does 
 not affect the yield of 
 crojjs, which are iinifi irmly 
 lirolilic. The ranges are 
 vast and exceptionally line 
 for stock. Orchards a few 
 
 taincd by digging. Lincoln 
 County is well populated 
 and has a great many 
 s])lendid farms. Out of 
 1,450,000 acn.'S in this county 
 150,000 are under cultiva- 
 tion. Hundreds of thou- 
 sands remain open to entry 
 or purchase. Wild lands 
 are from $2.50 t<j §6.00 per 
 ;:jre. Improved farms can 
 be had at prices ranging 
 from $io.fo to $20.00 per 
 acre. early scenes about spokane 
 
 Out of the 2,500,000 acres of beautiful prairie 
 land in Douglas County but 40,000 are in cultiva- 
 tion. .Since the jiassage of the Creat Northern and 
 Centra! Washington roads into that ctiuntrv there 
 
 years old tes- 
 tily as to the 
 merits of this 
 region for 
 fruit grow- 
 ing. No finer 
 ajjples, pears, 
 peaches, cherries, and berries ever grew than in 
 this county. 
 
 As indicated in the foregoing, lands are abun- 
 dant, desirable, and easily obtpined. This countv 
 — an empire within itself — is destined to become 
 one of the greatest farming regions in the North- 
 west from the fact that everything is in its fa\-or. 
 
 " Ml.ADI IWS AMI .MINIS." 
 
 vSievens County joins Spokane Count}' on the 
 nortli, and extends to the international boiiiularv. 
 It is one of the largest and nuist diversified, in 
 
 I i 
 
 ■THE SWIMMIN' HOLE.' 
 23 
 
 
 •1 
 
 'i 
 
 I 
 
 Si*'' 
 
i 
 
 ■• ' 
 
lB«?atBmiJg a ff |;n ffnwmMa i«CTWwm»HwwflmiBW^^ 
 
 kD Browuty. 4. Centennill FldB" P"™"" Hou 
 
 13. Morro« Strset Bridge. 
 
 f . O,niir.o Room, Edison Elecl^.c Corrp.ny. 7 Power Rconi, Edi|or> Eleclric Ccrr.pany. 8 Spok.no River above the F.IH. 
 
 14. Middle Fa:li. 5. New Sawm.il ol Northwest M.lling Company. 16. C and C Flour Mil'. 
 
; 
 
 '.!« 
 
 conditifjiis, of an}- cnnnty in Ivistcrn ^Vasllill;4■t(l1l. 
 The C ih'illo \'all(.'y and its Irihiilary \-alk'ys c.jii- 
 stitutc a j^Tcat hay-raisiiii;- rei^inii, M-hcrc tliuii- 
 sumls of tdtis of the finest timothy liay are raised 
 yearly. The farmers shij) most of it to Britisli Co- 
 lumbia, on the Spokane & Northern Railway. The 
 l)eneli lands on eaeh side of the valley arc mostl}" 
 put to wheat and oat.s. There are yet hundreds 
 of fine tracts open to settlers, and the ^ood ])eoplc 
 there welcome all new-comers of enerj^y and 
 respectability. The western portion of the county, 
 alonjj the Columbia, is one of the finest fruit-rais- 
 inj.j re^rions out of doors. A threat many farmers 
 ilcvote almost all their time to the fruit-t^'rowinLi' 
 Ijusincss. For a distance of forty miles below 
 Kettle Falls is one of the finest farminy re.i,nons in 
 existence. Farmin;.^ here is a i4:reat success. .Some 
 of the farmers pay special attention to the stock 
 iind poultry breeding' business. The herds and 
 flocks in that re,t;ion are cxci.'ptionally fine, (iood 
 houses, barns, bij^' orchards, schoolhouses, and 
 well-built churches all bespeak the prosperous 
 condition of that section. 
 
 Colville, the county seat, is romantically situated, 
 and is a fine business point. There arc manv 
 places of historic interest in that county, chief 
 
 anion,;.;' which is Marcus (ju the Colunibia. A visit 
 to that county will well repay anyone, whether it 
 lie for business or ])leasure. 
 
 "Tin. I'OI I. AM II." 
 
 A potlatch is an Indian j^ift j^'athcrin;^. It is an 
 ancient custom for Indian chiefs to summon their 
 followers aild scatter all their riches amony them. 
 
 The Potlatch country is practically an eastern 
 extension of the Palouso country. It is in Idaho, 
 and reaches from the eastern boundary line of 
 Washintj^ton to the foothills of the Bitter Root 
 M(Uintains. The characteristics are similar to 
 th(jse of the Palouse, with the exception that the 
 elevation is not so high, and it is consequently 
 warmer. It is well sheltered from northern winds 
 by the mountain range, and is an excellent fruit 
 country. Apples, pears, plums, cherries, and 
 peaches are raised with exceptional success. For 
 wheat, barley, oats, rye, and flax the Potlatch 
 country is as productive as the Palouse country. 
 There is much excellent open range for cattle on 
 the foothills of the mountains. The timbered 
 country of the foothills has been found in recent 
 year.; to be almost as productive as the prairie, 
 when cleared of its o]U'n growth of pine. 
 
 1. On Ple««ant Ptaifie. 
 
 RURAL SCENES NEAR SPOKANE. 
 2. Orchard Horns, near Spokane 3, Hijelwood Da fy FacTi, 4. Pine, Tamarack, and Cedar. 
 
 5. The Picking Seaton, 
 
 .:i 
 
 
mmBmmmmmmtmimrmmmmm 
 
 umbia. A visit 
 voiiL', wliL'tiicr it. 
 
 ;licriii,L;. Il is an 
 to suinmou tliL'ir 
 ics aminiy tlicni. 
 cally an eastern 
 
 It is in Idaho, 
 xnindary line of 
 the Bitter Root 
 are siniihir to 
 Leeption that the 
 is consequently 
 1 nrirthern winds 
 n excellent fruit 
 
 cherries, and 
 lal success. Vt>r 
 ax the Potlatch 
 Palouse country, 
 nge fcir cattle on 
 
 The timbered 
 1 found in recent 
 e as the prairie, 
 th of pine. 
 
 "SUNNY ORCHARD SLOPES." 
 
 VICN niJ\v orchards, and vine- 
 yards lilooni on tile hi^^her lanils 
 of the ])rairies and the sai^e- 
 brush jilainsdt tlie Pacific slo])e; 
 they line the shores of the Co- 
 lumbia and its tributaries, and 
 frequently chan,i.;e the mountain 
 sides of Wasliin;.;i(in and Idaho 
 into bhjomini,'- s^ardens. Apples, 
 peaches, jjcars, plums, jjrunes, apri- 
 cots, nectarines, cherries, ami small 
 fruits all seem natural to this clime, and 
 
 Prunes and ])lums also bear early and in .^rcat 
 profusion. The dilTerent varieties of prunes o| 
 Washinvitoii eipial those of Italy and Turkey. Our 
 berries, for size and llavor, are unsurpassed. The 
 size of the strawberries of Wasliin,!,aon is phenom- 
 enal. They r;in;^e froni the size of a hickory nut 
 to a hen's e;^)^'. Tliis niav seem incredible, but 
 pli<itoi;raphs of strawberries have been taken 
 s'iowin;4' some to be as lari,a' as the i)alm of a man's 
 hand. Tlie crops of this berry ha\'e yielded sums 
 varvini.,'- from 8-00 to $700 per acre. The market 
 east of Washington is lar^a', especirdly in the min- 
 
 The Picking Seaion, 
 
 INTERIOR VIEWS SPOKANE r'RUIT FAIR, 1855. 
 2" 
 
ll 
 
 lit 
 
 1, 
 
 li 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 .^W -r >;i- .- 
 
 l\ 
 
 k-^r 
 
 -Jl^ 
 
 'StVi ;* ^ 
 
 Vi 
 
 I'iU 
 
 " ■■ iK 
 
 
 '■«B-° 
 
 -^V"'*'""^*""" ■■"* •■ ■*'«jCX^>"*'?^.*7rv-T^r»ff7y=^ "'*^*^J?':,/j3'* "" ' 
 
 .■^„,^Jf^3iyBa£-~. 
 
. <i«.p. 
 
 ^i'li 
 
 
 o 5 
 
 
 ? 
 
 
 > 
 
 \ 
 
 ^1 
 
 \\ 
 
 ,/, o 
 
 I- 
 
 fi* 
 
 > 
 
 f'^; 
 
 UJ 
 
 >- 
 
 M 
 
 (rt -3 
 
 ) 1 
 
 or X 
 
 RANGi:. 
 
 tKins i)articularly favurcd lay claim to the title 
 ot' "horse heaven." Sl(jck of all kinds do well, 
 and refiuire feed only in the severest winter 
 Weather. Horses i^et aloni,'' nieely in midwinter 
 by pawins,'' the sn(jw from the bunch jj'rass on 
 the ran;.;es. This siieeies of jjfrass cures as it 
 matures, and loses nunc of its nutritious c|ual- 
 ities. The soft southwest winds frequentlv melt 
 the snows on the southern and western slcjpes of 
 the hills in midwinter, thus affordintf excellent 
 j^raziuj.^ for the herds of cattle and sheep. Tliis 
 country makes extensive shipments of beeves anil 
 sheep to the market.s east. The cattle raisers of 
 ^[ontana and Wvominir frequently come to Wash- 
 in,y;ton to replenish their herds. The sheep indus- 
 try in the southern jiortion of Washin.nton, and 
 Idalin, and ]'"astern OiX'Ljdn is (piile extensi\-e. 
 
 A HALF PAV 
 
 ON THE SPOKANE RIVER 
 (in bJliIHin Trout, 't22 pounua. 
 
 CIVILIZED INDIANS. 
 
 California sheep-shearers make an annual piljjrini- 
 aL;e into sheep-raisin;^' sections of our reijion, and 
 reap (|;iile a harvest of dollai's as well as of wool. 
 
 Only in the ])ast two \-ears have ho^s received 
 any serious attention. IIoi; raisinj;' has durinj^ 
 that time bccunie one of the leailiniif industries, 
 which is owini;- to the establishment of a number 
 of packin;4-hiiuses in Spokane. Wheat constitutes 
 the chief feed for fattening;'. It is claimed by 
 ])ackers and consumers that wheat-fed pork is 
 sweeter and better than corn or swill fed jxirk. 
 The fatteninif qualities of wheat as a feed sur- 
 pass those of any other jijrain. 
 
 vSpecial attention is jjfiven to the raisinj,-- of cattle 
 ft)r dairy purposes. Jerseys and Holstcins are 
 ^rreat favorites, while Devons and other tine breeds 
 for milk and cheese have their champions. The 
 dairy business has received a fresh impetus, and 
 now creameries are ,sprinj;in<if up all over the 
 country. In every direction are numerous valless, 
 and .n'reat attention is paid to hay raisin.ir. With 
 abundance of hay raised at a low fi_i;ure, and a 
 li;.rht feedinjr of "chop," the farmer finds a h;'.nd- 
 sonie profit in the sale of milk to the creameries. 
 It will not be lonji;' before the makinj.f of cheese 
 and butter will be amon;..;- the leadinj^ industries of 
 this reu'ion. 
 
 -^y 
 
f 
 
 SPOKANE'S POULTRY SHOW. 
 
 li 
 
 I 
 
 \, 
 
 'i' 
 
 OUI/FRV fariiiint;' can bo ])iir- 
 siK'd lici'c willi as s^rcat success 
 as any other industry. The 
 conditions are very favorable : 
 I'irst, the climate ; second, the 
 cheapness of feed ; third, the 
 abundance of fresh runninj;- water ; 
 fourth, the absence of all diseases com- 
 mon to poul- 
 try, and, last, 
 
 the market demand 
 for poultry and c}jfj;s. 
 Perhaps the }.;Teatest 
 demanil for these two 
 commodities is from 
 the mininj,'- rejfion ad- 
 jacent to this section. 
 The averaj^e miner 
 j^ets jjood waycs, and 
 he lives well. Cliicken, 
 ej(j,fs, and roast turkey 
 
 are served with j,'-reat freijuency. "They come 
 hij^h, but we must have "em," is a very pertinent 
 phrase amoui,'' miners. The demanil in the cities 
 for domestic fowls anil e.^j^s is as ;;reat. Poultry 
 ranj^es in price from §-'.50 to §4.00 per dozen, cjfj^s 
 from $5.00 to S7.00 per case. 
 
 Poultry associations have been formed in most of 
 the counties, and ;;reat attention isj.;iven tocareful 
 
 breeding-. The third 
 ).;reat poultry show of 
 the Northwest was 
 held in Spokane in 
 February, 1896, where 
 several hundred dol- 
 lars in cash prizes were 
 paid, and a trophy cup 
 of §150 wasjriven. All 
 the leadinj;- poulterers 
 of the Northwest were 
 present, and the ex- 
 hibit was very fine. 
 
 GLIMPSES OF SOME OF SPOKANE S NEIGHBORS. 
 1 VViirn"an County Court House, Co 'ax. 2. Tekoa. 3. Mam Street, Pu'lman. 4 Uoiontown. 
 
 30 
 
ii!iiini!iiiii^^ 
 
 "THE HEART OF THE INLAND Ex\nMRl: 
 
 "TliL'V L'oniu 
 ;i VLTV pLTtiiiL'iU 
 laiul ill tliL' cities 
 ^ ^;roat. Poultry 
 o per dozen, cj^};s 
 
 rmed in most of 
 
 s j^iveii to careful 
 
 lin--. The third 
 
 ])i)ultry show of 
 
 Nortlnvest was 
 
 in Spokane in 
 
 iiary, 1S96, where 
 
 ■al hundred dol- 
 
 n cash prizes were 
 
 and a trophy cup 
 
 50 was},nven. All 
 
 eadiii^- ixniltcrers 
 
 e Northwest were 
 
 .■nt, and the cx- 
 
 was verv fine. 
 
 Ill'' city (if .S]iokane is a metropo- 
 lis. It is a modern, ui)-ln-date 
 city, cnilii)dyin},f all the best fea- 
 tures of inetr<i|)olilan life in the 
 nineteenth century. The architec- 
 ture of its l)uildiii;;s, ])ulilic and yvi- 
 vate, is of the most recent ami ini- 
 ,- proved st)'les. The city, with its 
 double .system of li,i;htinj^ (yas and 
 electricity), its ma^'-nifieent water- 
 work.s, its beautiful driveways, its 
 street railways, its telephonic and 
 railroad connections, its daily press, its manufac- 
 tures, its lartjc tradinj^^ houses, and its air of activ- 
 ity and energy, is striking; and impressive, l-^very 
 
 The site upon wiiich vSjiokane is located is one 
 iif tlio most picturesciue on the continent. The 
 broad and beautiful expanse of scenery surround- 
 in.ij it can not be surpassed. The window opciiini^s 
 of every stately structure in and about the I'ity 
 frame a picture of some scene that dcli};hls the 
 eye. 
 
 Spokane is the trade center of a district exlciul- 
 injf :'oo miles in every direction, embracinji;- all of 
 liastcrn Washington, Northern Idalio, Western 
 Montana, and parts of ICastcrn Oregon and British 
 Columbia. Numerous railway lines reach out into 
 these sections, bringing them into direct connec- 
 tion with this center, enabling it to handle the 
 pnjducts of the rich farming and mining districts. 
 
 VARIOUS VIEWS OF THE FALLS AT SPOKANE. 
 
 visitor and newcomer expresses surprise and 
 pleasure at finding everything here the newest 
 and of the best. One aptly expressed it when he 
 said it looked as though a good-sized section of 
 the best i^ortion of Chicago had been transplanted 
 
 to thi 
 
 spot. 
 
 She stands as the gateway to Washington and 
 Oregon, and is the chief railroad center of the 
 Pacific slope. 
 
 Two prominent features at an early day jjointcd 
 to the location of a considerable city at this point — 
 the effective water-power and the selection, by 
 
 31 
 
f 
 
 .1 JC' 
 
 V \ ' 
 
 S^ 
 
 K.: 
 
 C* ■-" . 
 
 iA- 
 
 V < 
 
 ^P"-^ 
 
ffli!l»g!B!fflB^^ 
 
 m 
 
 tlu' XiiitlKin r.uilK- l-l.iilriiad ('(uniiaiix-, of the 
 nuitc tliroii^h tliu Spukani.' \'alk y on inifr>;in^; 
 Inmi the Hitter Kddt Mountains. Tliu survoy 
 throii^ih this rcj^ion was made in iS;;, and the 
 pro-^lJCH't of the near l)nil(lin);- of the road imhieed 
 (juite an inllux of jjioneers. A ])riniiti\-e sawmill 
 was the first industry ofierated l>y the water- 
 power, but the finaneial disasters of that \ear 
 inehuled tlie Northern Pacific cnterjjrise, and the 
 
 prise in 1S71J; an<l in iSSo eonstruetinii he^an Irmn 
 Aiiisworth, on the (."olnnihia, i)iisl)in;f cast and 
 reaehinjj; Spokane in iSSi. Connection of the 
 lastern and western divisions was made in ^fon- 
 tana in iSSj, hut the rapid dc\elopnu-nl expected 
 liy 'ho completion of the transcontini'ntal line was 
 checki'd by the Villard failure of tliat year. Ke- 
 newi'il acti\ity was stimidateil in iSS( by the niift- 
 eral discoveries in the t'leiir d'Alene re^^ion. The 
 
 INTERIORS OF SOME OF SPOKANE S RETAIL STORES. 
 
 sanj^nine immigration dwindled to a solitary half 
 dozen. Enterprise languished till the winter of 
 1877-78, when two comjianies of infantry were 
 quartered here, partly for the purpose of quieting 
 the region, after the disturbance of the Nez Perce 
 war, and mainly preparatory to the establishment 
 of Fort Sherman, on Lake Cieur d'Alene, thirty-five 
 miles east of Spokane. This served to return the 
 current of immigration, which was further revived 
 by the resuscitation of the Northern Pacific enter- 
 
 agricultural attractions of the Palouse and Big 
 Bend regions were at this time drawing quickened 
 attention, and heavy immigration set in. The 
 development of the water-power kept pace with 
 these movements. Sawmills and flemring mills 
 were put into operation. It now became appar- 
 ent that Spokane was to be the manufacturing, 
 commercial, and educational center of an immense 
 region, and in 1886 the first of a series of railway 
 feeders was inaugurated in the construction of 
 
 33 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
i. 
 
 
 i 
 
 tlic Spdkiinc &• Paloiisc ri);i(l. In iSSS eaiiic tlif 
 Spokane & I(lal)<>; and tlif Stattk', Lake Slinrc A 
 ICastcrii, tlic SpokaiU'iV Xdrtlicrii, and the Orc^'on 
 Railway & XaviKatiun lirancli t-aiiic in 1S.S9. and 
 the C.'untra! Wasliin^jtmi in iHgo. 'I"l)f (iivat 
 
 X'trthcrn, the third transcontinental line, reached 
 here in 1S92, Tims, within little more than a 
 decade, Spokane attained the distinction of the 
 lar;;tst railroad center on the Pacific slope. Sini- 
 iiltaneons with the hnildin^j of these ;;reat hi;^h- 
 
 
 V 
 
mismsmmmmmmmm 
 
 mmmiimnwnifmrmimmmmgg^ 
 
 .•ached 
 
 hai) a 
 
 A the- 
 
 Sim- 
 
 "P i 
 
 
 i 
 
 |)iiits to I'liiiia and Ja|KUi, !$.}i5,ooo — iiiakiii)^' a 
 tiilal (if I'Xpurts to tiiffij^ii (.iiimlriis almu', (nr 
 tliu year, <>f §1/10,043. 
 
 \va_\s, luiiiLral iliscdViTics and (k'Vclnpiiu'i.l \vrri_' 
 stcadil)' puslic'd in tliu surrnundin;;' niDimlaiii 
 rL'^idiis. Till' ■apahilitics (if aj^riculture bcLanu- 
 bL'tt(.'r iiiulfrstoiid, and many aj,a'n(.ii'S were cim- 
 trihutin^ to tlio ai-'tckTatcd and lu^althy ^^rnwtli 
 of tlie city. 
 
 Tlic dc'strnc'tivu and alniosi ovL-rwliulniin;; (iic 
 of iS,S(j entailed Init a tnonientary elieik on the 
 rapid proj,M'ess of the eity, and sneh was tlie eimli- 
 denee in its tlestiny that nmne)' llowed alniosl 
 withont stint into the reennsirnetinn fund A 
 period (if two years of ])ro(lii;i(ins Imildin^' enter- 
 prise followed, );ivin^' Spokane ample faeilities I'nr 
 the administration of the material, educational. 
 ci\-ic, and social interests of the inland empire. 
 
 A }i;-limpse of the commercial features of the city 
 shows si.Kty-two (irms en^a};ed in the wholes.nle, 
 johhinjf, and eonimissioii l)usiness, and 3,58 houses 
 enj;a),'-ed in the retail lines. Dnrint; i.S(;5 the 
 amount of ontjji'oin),^ freights, in pounds, was 
 
 ■jlOKJNE Hi r^L ;-Hi KANt 
 
 " I in; \\\ \\. I M-i ui' A riNo 1 a; i.s. 
 
 The leadin;; industries of Sjiokane are m llour 
 and lumber. Tiiero are four flouring mills here 
 with an am;re};ate ilaily capacity of 3,000 barrels. 
 
 It is j;enerally conceded by all who have seen 
 Spokane that its advantay^es as a manufacturinj.f 
 center b)' far surjiass those of any other ])Iaee in 
 the Xorthwesl. The };reat, unfailinj;' watei'-puwer 
 not only drives the machinery of the lar^i'r mills 
 and factories, but also jieiieratcs the additional 
 force in the electric dynamos for the lij;hter lines 
 of manufacturinj;- throuj;Iiout the city. There are 
 in all about seventy-five concerns en^;ij;ed in the 
 producti\e industries. Those of the Jij^htcr lines 
 arc such as jirinters, clotliinj;' makers, harness 
 makers, jewelers, opticians, novelty manufacturers. 
 
 J31, 204,463. The number of 
 jioirnds of ores forwarded li. 
 smelters was 72,491), 170. Value 
 of exports to ISritisli Columbia, 
 $635,043 ; value of flour ex- 
 
 SOME HOME INDUSTRIES OF SPOKANE. 
 
 35 
 
 acker factories, and candy 
 makers, most of which use elec- 
 tricity for rnnninjif their ma- 
 chinery. Some sash and door 
 factories also use electricit\-. 
 
Tlic niiniimini iiiolivc force of tlie Spokane 
 Falls, wliich (low tliroui^h tlic heart of the city, is 
 ^j.ooo horse-power. This is 14,000 h()rsc-])o\vcr 
 •greater tlian that of St. Antliony I'alls at Minne- 
 apolis, which furnish the jjowcr for the .n'reatest 
 llourini;- mills on the continent. 
 
 '■ >1' AKKI.INO AM) liKKill r, 
 
 i\ ns i,i<jiii) iic.Hi." 
 The water su]iply for Spokane is unlimited. It 
 
 ri\-er a few miles al)ove the city, from wliich a por- 
 tion of the river flow is diverted lhrou;.;h a canal to 
 the power house. I'our larj^e i)umi)s, with a daily 
 ca]Dacity of 2,500,000 j^alloris e.'.ich, are employed in 
 forcin.i;- the water throu.i^h a ;,j-inch steel main 
 into the svstem of pijic lines throu;..;hoiit the city. 
 Tliere arc thirty-seven miles of pijies at present, 
 and 308 hydrants. The inim])s are run by ttirbine 
 water motors of the latest approved pattern. The 
 
 SCHOOLS OF SPOKANE, 
 Biyant Public School 2. H.gh School. 3. Edison Public School 4 Lincoln Public School 
 
 6. Irving Public School 
 
 7 St. John's Episcopal School 
 
 5. Fianklin Pu 
 8. Bancroft Public School. 
 
 is very pure, clear as crystal, and almost entirely 
 free from lime. It is cold at all seasons of the 
 year. The real source of supjily is I>ake CNeur 
 d'Alene. The only outlet of the lake is the Si>o- 
 kane River, which flows through a deep, rocky 
 chaniici for a distance of thirty-five miles to and 
 throii,uh this city. A reservoir system is estab- 
 lished bv means of a huije stone dam across the 
 
 jjower i^. controlled by four yo-inch iron valves, 
 which were cast at one of the iron foundries 
 in this city. The city owns the water-works, 
 and the income from rentals is sufficient to pav 
 the ex])cnses of the water department and 
 the interest thereon, also to leave a ,sur])lus 
 for a sii kin).j fund. No city is better etpiipped 
 in this resiled. 
 
 3C> 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 Wm^' 
 
s«i!agiiMm!iiiiiiim'<ii MM 
 
 re nil wliich ;i jjor- 
 irciiif^h a canal to 
 lips, with a daily 
 arc employed in 
 •inch steel main 
 in.i,rh()iit the city. 
 jjipcs at present, 
 "e run hy turbine 
 L.'d pattern. The 
 
 "OX TEAMS NO MORE EOREVER.' 
 
 Iin Public School 
 
 nch iron valves, 
 : iron foundries 
 he water-works, 
 sufficient to i)av 
 eixirtment and 
 cave a surplus 
 better eipiipped 
 
 %■■ 
 
 Nok rill UN |. \( III. 
 
 KAIIKo Ml. 
 
 b il^^il « ^"■^;- ''This "-as the nrst -rcat trans- 
 ***''^-' • -^^^ ' .' 1 continental hnc to ivach 
 
 the Pacific slope in the 
 Xorthwest, the last s])ike 
 haviiii.;' been driv'en in 
 i<SS5. It (.'ntersSpi-kane 
 from the cast, passiii;;- t',.;-ou,;-h 
 the heart of the city parallel with the riv(.'r. From 
 this jjoint to the sea it takes a southwesterly course, 
 cr()ssin,y; the Columbia at Pasco and c<innectin,n- 
 Spokane with the j^rcat fruit and hop j^rowini;" 
 re^'ions of the Ya- 
 kima Valley. The 
 chief towns alonj.^ 
 this line within 200 
 miles of Spokane, 
 ca.sL and west, 
 number foiirLeeii. 
 All are live, flour- 
 ishing' places. On 
 
 The smaller scalions east and west alon.i;- tlic 
 Northern Paciiie Railroad arc numerous, thriflv, 
 .md ser\-e )>reath' in facilitatiiij;- the business of 
 theadjaeent countrx, of which livestock and ,nrain 
 form the chief features. The lines tributary to 
 the Xorthcrn Pacific, and which connect at Spo- 
 kane, are the vSpokane& Palousc, exteiulinj^' south- 
 ward ijo miles; the Central Washiii,u;ton (now an 
 independent line), extending' westward 124 miles 
 to Coulee City, in the IJij;- liend ; and the I)eSmct 
 & C(.ur d'Alcne branch, which runs directly east- 
 ward from Spokane, via Cieiir d'Alcne City, to De 
 Smct, ^loiit,, the junction jxiint for the branch 
 
 line to the Cojur 
 d'Alcne mines, 218 
 miles from Spo- 
 kane. 
 
 The Northern 
 Pacific traverses a 
 rej^-ion rich in re- 
 sources, rich in all 
 that nature can be- 
 
 the cast are Mis.soula, 
 ^b)nt., population 4,500; 
 Thompson Falls, ^[ont., 
 population 300 ; Hope, 
 Idaho, population 500; 
 Saml Point, Idaho, pop- 
 ulation 1,000; Rath- 
 drum, Idaho, twenty- 
 seven miles east of vSpo- 
 kane, ])opulation ;oo. 
 These all lie east of 
 this city. 
 
 West of Spokane, 
 within the limit of 200 
 miles, are Cheney. 
 Wash.., population 1,500; 
 Spra;.;ue, county seat of Lincoln County, population 
 1,500; Ritzville, count \' seat of Adams i'ounty, l)op- 
 ulation 500; Pasco, county scat of I'ranklin C'ouiiix-, 
 population 300; Kenncwick, population 400; Norili 
 Yakima, eounty scat of Yakima County, population 
 ,?.5oo; Ellciisbur),'', countx' seat of Kittitas Cotinty, 
 population ,5,500. 
 
 I. Spokane Fa's & Nn'tf^- 
 Car Si'0|)r, a.u Rt 
 
 stow, and far more pop- 
 ulous than one would 
 supjjose by merely pass- 
 inj;- over the line. 
 
 OKI (;o\ KAII WAV \ 
 
 N \\ K; A IIO.N COMPANY. 
 
 This is an extensive 
 systjm, with a total 
 rail mileaj^-e of 1,065 
 mills, and water lines 
 of 1 oil miles, makinj; 
 an iij^-gregate of 2,076 
 milc>, all within Wash- 
 inji;ton, Orej^on, and 
 Idaho. Of this road 
 455 miles are in Washin.i.;ton. This comi)any's lines 
 also ha\-e direct connection with the Union Pacilic 
 road, thus lettin,!;- tluit i^reat line into Si)okane as 
 the third transcontinental road conncctin.i;- with 
 the I'.ast. This alTords (uitlcl to P.oi.sc, Salt Lake. 
 Denver, and all jjoints southeast. Th.e Oregon 
 Railway \: Navi;;ation also connects Spokane with 
 
 RAILROAD TERMINALb. 
 n Pdssfnger and Freight Dep-'ts. 2 and 3 Gfat Nortns 
 undhouse. 4. Northern Pacific Passenger Depot. 
 
 37 
 
Ill 
 
 Portland, Ore., and tlie lines by rail and sea to 
 San I'ranL'iseo. It touches twelve larj.'fe towns in 
 '\Vashinj,nor and. three towns in Idaho. It affords 
 direct connection between this city and the y-old 
 and siher belts of Orej,ron and Idaho. One can 
 take the Orej^on Raihvay & Navij^ation Road at 
 Spokanj in the mornin_i;-, and by noon reach 
 AVardner, Wallace, Burke, Osborne, I\Iullan, and 
 other }.;reat inininj^ towns of the Idaho rej^ion of 
 
 several lines of beautiful and commodious steamers 
 on the Columbia, Clearwater, Snake and Willa- 
 mette rivers. It also operates a line of ocean 
 steamers from Portland, Ore., to San Francisco, 
 Cal, 
 
 It has been one of the prime factors in the de- 
 velo])nient of the g'reat Northwest, and apparently 
 will continue to be, as th;it company proposes to 
 build more feeders and to make further extensions 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA LAKES AND RIVERS. 
 1 Nelson. 2. Lake Kootenai from Pilot Bay. 3. Five Mi'e Point on La'-. 
 4. North End of Lake Kootenai. 5, Trail Lai Img, Culiimhi.i Rr -i 
 
 precious minerals. This road traverses the "^reat 
 Palouse farniinjif country from end to end. It has 
 an inti i ate system of feeders in that section and 
 does an enormous j;rain-carryinjjf traffic. It con- 
 nects S]iokane with nearly all the county seats in 
 Southeaster i Washinjjfton. haviiis;-, in all, si.\ty-ninc 
 stations in this State alone. This company runs 
 
 to its mail; lines, (t >i-. rates throuj^li a fine sec- 
 tion of the count y, nnted for wheat, fruit, and 
 fi:i.\. Every station has its hiij^e warehouses and 
 elevators for j;r;iin and storaj^e. Every town 
 throut^h which the lines of the Ore}.;<)n Railway &• 
 Naviijailon Company i)ass, sho'vs evidence of un- 
 usual thrift and ene^^y. 
 
 3« 
 
 \^: 
 
wmnmMmfmmmmimmmmmmmMmmm 
 
 iiiodious steamers 
 
 Inake and Willa- 
 
 a line of ocean 
 
 J San Francisco, 
 
 factors in tlie de- 
 st, and apparently 
 
 pany proposes to 
 urthcr extensions 
 
 iroiij^h a fine sec- 
 wheat, fruit, and 
 : warehouses and 
 ,'e. I'2very town 
 )re,n-on Railway & 
 s evidence of un- 
 
 IIIK i;KK A I NOK I III KN. 
 
 The above is the title of the last transconti- 
 nental line built into Sjxikanc. It enters Wasli- 
 in;^ton at the northern base of Mount Carlcton- 
 on the Idaho line. It reaches Spokane by a south- 
 easterly course, followinj^ the Little Spokane and 
 skirting; the well-known, beautiful prairies wiiich 
 lie between Spokane and the mountain. vSix 
 flounshinjj towns have been built on this line 
 between this city and i'->e Idaho line, where stands 
 Newport, on the Pend d'(Jii.:lle River, which leads 
 one into the fine dairy rej^ion of Stevens County, 
 known as the Kalisjiel Valley, and to the Metaline 
 mining district, farther north on that river. A 
 little iarther eastward the (ireat Northern lea.ds 
 to the mininjj and biy^ timber regions of the Koote- 
 nai River, crossinjj that stream at Bonner's Ferry, 
 Idaho. In leavinjj vSpokane for Pui/et Sound the 
 road takes a westerly course throui.;h Spokane, 
 Linc( In, and Douglas counties, and passes through 
 twenty-two towns and stations before it reaches 
 the Columbia at Wenatchee, the j,M'eat fruit center 
 of the middle Columbia rc'jfion. The Wenatchee 
 River enters the Columbia from the Cascade 
 Mountains at this point. The town of Wenatchee 
 is in the very center of the State, and is equidis- 
 tant from Spokane and Seattle. Northwest of 
 the Wenatchee Vi'llej' are a number of lakes, of 
 which beautiful Ch.dan is the jjreatest, it being 
 seventy miles long and from two to four miles 
 wide. Fine bearing orchards and vineyards already 
 exist in th(> vicinity of Lake Chelan. The lake is 
 reached from Wenatchee by boat on the Cohnrbia 
 to Chelan Fall.;, and boats continue up the river 
 to Virginia, at the mouth of the Okanogan River. 
 The (ireat Northern, in its ci.urse through Doug- 
 las County, passes through a new, inviting region 
 of unoccupied (iovc'-nmcnt lands, "^'-".y settlers 
 have located therv and are doing well. Douglas 
 County composes a greater part of the Hig Bend 
 country, which is destined to become one of the 
 most prosperous sections of the State. The lack 
 of railroad facilities alone has jirevented it frcjm 
 being as populous as some of the more favored 
 counties. Now that it has a great transcontinental 
 line connectinj; it with two of the ]')rinci])al ]ioints 
 in the .State, it must rapidly develop. 
 
 rUK S1'()K.\N1-. K.M.I.S & NOUrUKKN KAII.W.W. 
 
 Tliis is the only line of railway affording direct 
 connection with British Columbia, and the great 
 mines of Trail Creek anil Kootenai districts. It 
 also affords direct connection with the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway, via the Columbia Ri\er. 
 
 The Spokane I'alls iV .Northern Railway, starting 
 from Si)okaiie and having its general othces there, 
 runs in a i" rtherly direction through a region 
 ipiite diversitied in character, jiartly forest and 
 ])artl_\- open valley. It is rich in many resources, 
 espcciallx- in saw timber, hay lands, building stone, 
 and minerals. There are vast bodies of variegated 
 and plain white marble, besides alabaster and onyx 
 as fine as the ])roduct of Italy or Mexico, located 
 within six miles of the line of the road, and near 
 Waitt's Lake. There are also large bodies of 
 slate, which are as yet undeveloped. 
 
 The evidences of these are plainly in view along 
 the line of the road. Numerous sawmills, huge 
 hay barns, stretches (jf valley lands, mines of 
 silver and gold can be seen along the rc'te at 
 dilTcrent ])oints and stations, from the first outly- 
 ing town from Spokane to the British line, where it 
 connects with the Nelson& Fort Shepherd Railway. 
 
 This latter road is an exteiision of the Si)okane 
 Falls & Northern system, and is operated by the 
 Spokane Falls & Northern Railway ComjKiny. It 
 penetrates the great Kootenai mining region, and 
 makes connection with the Slocan, Kaslo, Pilot 
 Bay, Ainsworth, and Lardea t mining camps. A 
 large number of towns and small stations have 
 sprung up along this line, and the settlements 
 surrounding these ])oints are growing ra])idly. 
 
 At Clayton, on the Spokane I-'alls <!v Northern 
 Railway, a large brick, tiling, and pottery concern 
 h;,s been operating successfully for .several years. 
 The finest cr(.'am-tinted and colored pressed-brick 
 ever used in struc^iiral work is made here from 
 white clay. Tliese works are very extensive, and 
 employ a large number of men. Millions of brick, 
 tons "f pottery and ornamental terra cotta, and all 
 kinds of tiling known to the trade are manufac- 
 tured there. 
 
 Loon Lake is a romantic summer resort on the 
 line, thirty-nine miles out from Spokane. This 
 place is the i-esort of hundreds during the summer 
 months, and is one of the chief points of attraction 
 in the Northwest. 
 
 This road traverses the valley of Colville River 
 from its S(juree to the Columbia. This is .<ne of 
 the finest of dairy regions. Hay and cattle have 
 been the leading items of farm jiroducts in that 
 section. No region in the world ofiers better 
 inducements to the dairy industry than the Colville 
 and Columbia valleys. Next to luiy and cattle, 
 fnn't of all kinds grown in this latitude has come 
 in for a share of the farmers' attenti(jn. Apples, 
 peaches, -prunes, and strawl)erries are grown 
 extensively in the neighborhood of Colville, Meyers 
 Falls, and on the Columbia below Kettle Falls. 
 
 39 
 
m 
 
 I 
 
 FORT LAPWAI AGENCY, NEZ PERCES INDIAN RESERVATION 
 
 Carloads of these fruits in their season are 
 shipped northward into British Columbia and to 
 points southward as well. 
 
 The road passes in siH;ht of the picturesque 
 shores of the Columbia f(jr a distance of forty-five 
 miles, also throu.trh ^Marcus, one of the oldest 
 inland towns of the Northwest, and Northport, 
 the United States port of entry between this 
 country and British Columbia. The road is well 
 equipped in all respects. It has connections by 
 stajre with the Boundary Creek niininy rei^ion 
 toward the head of Kettle River, and with Ross- 
 land, B. C, the seat of the Trail Creek mine.-i, and 
 with all towns on the upper Columbia by steamer. 
 
 It is the only line leadinjj to the noted Trail 
 Creek mines, on Red Mountain, where thousands 
 are flockinj,'- in the hope of .securing;- bit,^ finds. The 
 output of these new mines is the current topic of 
 the day in mining circles the world over. This 
 railway also leads to theColville Reservation, well 
 known to lic rich in minerals as well as in agri- 
 cultural lands. 
 
 ■ttiL . U)^Jllb 
 
 IK* -■.- 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 SI'OKANK A I'AI.OISK KAII.KOAI). 
 
 The Spokane & PaU)Usc Railroad courses its 
 way through the very heart of the great Palouse 
 country, which embraces 5,075,920 acres, of 
 which there are 1,570,000 under cultivation, at 
 an assessed valuation of §78,300,000. The coun- 
 try is fairly well populated, and the stations, 
 which include several large flcnirishing towns, 
 are numerous. The Palouse region is one of 
 the most prosperous in the West. The lands 
 are rolling and fertile, and there are thousands 
 of acres still vacant, which are held by the 
 Northern Pacific Land Company, and are on 
 the market at low prices and easy terms. 
 Prices range from $2.50 to $6.00 per acre. 
 Improved lands can be had at prices varying 
 from $6 to $30 per acre, according to location 
 and character of improvements. The Spokane 
 & Palou.se Road is well equipped with commodious 
 depots, rolling stock, and all that pertains to 
 ([tiick, safe, and efficient service. 
 
MTOggBBBIIgBllMffliyilUli^^ 
 
 1 
 
 road courses its 
 he j^reat Palouse 
 75,9-^0 acres, of 
 -T cultivation, at 
 ),ooo. The coun- 
 :nd the stations, 
 lourishing towns, 
 cifion is one of 
 rest. The lands 
 re are thousands 
 are held by the 
 my, and are on 
 md easy terms. 
 
 $6.00 per acre, 
 t prices varying 
 rdin^ to location 
 s. The Spokane 
 with commodious 
 
 that pertains to 
 
 SPHA8UI 
 
 ROatR MILLS 
 
 Tin", (. KN IKAI, WAMI- 
 
 INi: ION K MI.Kii \l). 
 
 The Central Wash- 
 ington, which has its 
 general offices in Spo- 
 kane, runs westerly 
 through the center nf 
 the Big Bend region, 
 terminating at Grand 
 Coulee, 124 miles from 
 Spokane. This road 
 has connections by 
 stage with Waterville. 
 the seat of Douglas 
 
 County, and with the Okanogan farming and 
 mining regions. The country through which the 
 Central ])asses is an oiicii, rolling prairie, the cipial 
 of the Palouse region in wheat raising. It is in 
 many portions fully as well adapted to fruit 
 raising as any portion of the State. There 
 remain many thousands (jf acres of Government 
 and railroad lands, open to entry or purchase at 
 prices ranging from $2.50 to $5 per acre. The 
 road pas.ses through Lincoln County, which is 
 fifty miles square and contains 1,450,000 acres, of 
 which 150,000 are iinder cultivation. The country 
 along the line of the railway is fairly well popu- 
 lated. After leaving Lincoln County the line 
 passes into Douglas County, which is one of the 
 largest and most fertile in the State. It has 2.500,- 
 000 acres. No sec- 
 tion of the y-^\^ TT^ 
 countr\- often 
 better in 
 
 BARRELS PER DAY. 
 
 vvith a ixipu'.ation ol 
 1.500, the site of ;i Slate 
 Normal Scliool ; Med- 
 ical Lake, with Soo ]ieo- 
 ]ile, and the vStatc -\sy- 
 Uim for the Insane; 
 Davenp(,rt, with 900 
 jjopulation; Wilbur, 600 
 ])o]mIati<)n; Almira, 200 
 ])o])iilation, and Coukc 
 City,witii,5oo])opulation. 
 Stage lines connect here 
 with all points on the 
 Columbia and bevond. 
 
 I)i; S.MKI A. Ill, Ik I>'\I,I,M, k,\ll.Ko\l). 
 
 This line was formerly known as tlie Spokane & 
 Idaho. It properly begins at Hauser Junction, 
 twenty miles east of Spokane, and extends east- 
 ward for 200 miles, terminating at I )e Sniet, Mont. 
 It passes directly through the C'cnr d'Aleiie min- 
 ing region, and has eleven stations, each having 
 suflicient population to entitle it to be called a 
 town: Frenehtown, ^lont., 300; Iron ^lountain, 
 Mont., 1,000; Post Falls, Idaho, 600; Cieur d'Alene 
 City, Idaho, 800; Wardner, Idah(j, 1,000; Wallace, 
 Idaho, 2,500; Osborne, Idaho, 200; Burke, Idaho, 
 yoo; Mnllan, Idaho, 500. These towns are mostly 
 shipping points for the mines, and for lumber, hay, 
 and wool. This road makes connection on the 
 
 east with Missoula 
 
 JL A^ and on the west 
 
 MPANV, SPOKANE 
 
 duccments to 
 settlers. The 
 principal towns 
 along the line 
 
 theXorthern 
 Pacific. It 
 also touches 
 at Fort Sher- 
 man, Iilaho. 
 
o5| 
 
 2 " j; 
 
 
 E 5 
 
 5^ 
 
 s 
 
MSMMMlmMmm^irmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 
 
 "PASSING OF THE RED ALVN." 
 
 tioiis. 
 
 IIIICRI-; remain fcmr line dDiiiains 
 in tliL' i^rcat delta bclwe'cn the 
 liittLT Ri.iit Ran-c and tlic Cas- 
 cade Munntains, whicli arc held 
 by remnants of what were once 
 ])(iwerful tribes of Indians. 
 ■ These are the Colville, the Cicur d'Alene, 
 the Yakima, and the Umatilla reserva- 
 In the choosinj;' of these reserves, the red 
 man was as shrewd and wise as his white brotlier 
 would liave been. The richest and most attractive 
 sections of all this fair land were selected and set 
 aside as the abode of the now fast-fadinj^ race. 
 
 The Colville Reserve composes the west half of 
 Stevens County and the eastern lialf of Okanoj^an 
 County, between the Cohinibia River and the 
 Okano,L;an River. It is l)ounded on the north by 
 liritish Columbia, and on the south by the west- 
 ward course of the Colinnliia, and embraces 3,000,- 
 000 acres. It is a mountaiiicus rejj'iou, aboundin,!;' 
 in streams, valleys, undulating' table-lands, and 
 densely wooded tracts of cedar, pine, and fir. It is 
 well known that the northern portion of this 
 reserve is rich in i.;'old, siher, and copper. I'>a,ncr 
 prospectors stealthily made l(jcations of claims, 
 and filed records of them in the office of the 
 county auditor. The Ic.nality of these filinjj's was 
 questioned, and is under consideration in the 
 United States District Courts. By an act of Con- 
 i^ress just jiassed and api)roved by the President, 
 this ri-'h domain is now o|)en to mineral location 
 and development, and hundreds of prospectors are 
 already in camp u]3on it. 
 
 The Yakima Reservation is located in Yakima 
 County, in the central portion of the State. It 
 
 AN INDIAN COWBOY 
 
 contains 400,000 acres, mostly level meadow lands, 
 which lie in a basin formed by the foothills of the 
 Cascade Rans^e on the west, the bluffs of the Ya- 
 kima River on the north and east, and the hi.i^her 
 rollini^ ])lains of Klickitat County on the south. 
 ( )nly a few hundred Indians remain. This reserve 
 is well watered by many small streams, and af- 
 fords the finest ranj;e for cattle and horses in the 
 State. These lands, when the reserve is (/pened, 
 will be eaii^'crly sought by stock and grain farmers. 
 The C<cur d'Alene Reservation lies between the 
 valley of the Palouse and the Cieur d'Alene Moun- 
 tains, distant only a few miles from S])okane. 
 The Indians (.n tiiis reservation areci\ilized to 
 a high degree, havi' fine farms and orchards, 
 and commodious, comfortable homes. The 
 eastern part of this reservation is one of the 
 most entrancing parts of this country. Shel- 
 tered glades run back into the timber, and long 
 arms from the forests reach outinlij the prai- 
 ries. The land is well watered, and groves of 
 (piaking aspen are scattered among the ]nne, 
 cedar, and tamarack forests. Cioing eastward 
 the forest deepens, until the traveler comes to 
 the summit of a spur of wooded mountain.s, 
 and sees, far beneath hin), the beautiful Lake 
 C(eur d'Alene, thirty miles long and from two 
 to tive miles wide, with numerous deep bays. 
 
 LOON LAKE. WASH. 
 
( 
 
 I 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 The Umatilla Reservation is located in the center 
 of Umatilla County, Oregon, in the northern p(jr- 
 tion of that State. That re^Mim ;is ^ whole com- 
 prises the very cream of Northeastern Orcj^on. It 
 contains 500,000 acres, and is mostl)* hi<;h, rnllinj;- 
 ])rairiu land. There arc a larj,^c number of fine 
 farms on the reserve, and it is traversed by the 
 Oregon & Short Line Railroad. This region is 
 watered by the Umatilla River and its tributaries. 
 The country surroundini;- it is well settled, and is 
 in a hiH;h state of cultivation. The time of the 
 openinj,'' of this reserve is indefinite. 
 
 The Xcz Perccs Reservation in Nez Perces 
 County, Idalio, is the largest of any south of the 
 Colville Reservation. This desirable reser\-e is 
 located near the eastern boundary t)f Washini;lori, 
 and comprises 746,651 acres of as fine land as 
 
 road, both leadins^f out 
 of vSpokane. 
 
 eH.\(<i, MA.vrrcH, 
 
 KIM I IX. 
 
 ever the sun shone upon, 
 recently been opened 
 to settlement. Al)out 
 2,000 settlers have loca- 
 ted iipon lands there, 
 and several new towns 
 have sprung- U]). The 
 character of the lantl is 
 (piite diversified, and 
 pretty well divided be- 
 tween prairie and tim- 
 ber lands. There are 
 thousands of acres yet 
 open to purchase. The 
 anricultural lands can 
 onlv be taken under 
 
 This reserve 
 
 has (pnte 
 
 A CAMPING SCENE 
 
 "DEATH-ON.THE-TRAIL," SIX FEET 
 SIX INCHES TALL. A SPO- 
 KANE CHARACTER. 
 
 the homestead law, but, 
 in addition thereto, the 
 settler must pay $3.75 
 per acre, one-half of 
 which must be paid 
 within three years from 
 date of entry, the re- 
 maining' half at date of 
 f nal proof. As a lum- 
 ber region it has no 
 superior. 
 
 Price of timber lands, 
 $5.00 per acre. This re- 
 gion is reached via 
 the vSpokane & Palousc 
 Railroad, and the Ore- 
 gon Sc Xavigati(jn Rail- 
 
 The Kootenai River 
 is 600 miles long. 
 
 The Valley of the 
 Yakima is about 200 
 miles long. 
 
 It is about twenty- 
 five miles across the 
 Kittitas Valley. 
 
 The State of Wash- 
 ington is one-t'ourth 
 larger than England. 
 
 L;ike Chelan is sev- 
 
 BROOK TROUT FOR BREAKFAST 
 
 cniy miles long and 
 from one to three 
 miles wide. 
 
 The Palouse country 
 is about 100 miles in 
 length and thirt}' to 
 seventy miles wide. 
 
 The (loNernment sig- 
 nal otiicer stationed at 
 Spokane says the etjua- 
 bility of the temper- 
 ature in the State of 
 Washington is un- 
 ecjualcd in any other 
 part of the United 
 States except on the 
 immediate coast of Southern California. 
 
 ri. II. Spalding of Almota, Wa.sh., has gathered 
 120 ])()unds of fruit per tree from three-year-old 
 peach trees. 
 
 Artesian wells in the Moxee Valley vary in 
 depth from 300 to 1,000 feet. One of these flows 
 over 1,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. 
 From an eight-year-old apple tree, John 
 Gallagher of the Wenatchee Valley picked about 
 400 pounds of green fruit, to keep the branches 
 from breaking down. 
 
 The Klickitat country in Washington is 
 bounded liy the Columbia River on the scnith 
 and by the Simco,- iountains on the north. It 
 is about 100 miles long by froni twenty to thirtv 
 miles wide. It is drained by the Klickitat River 
 and numerous smaller streams. 
 
 44 
 
MiWMMIiiiWMMIMIIItlim iiiliiyilliMlffl^ 
 
 DUT FOR BREAKFAST. 
 
 ilcs liiii.i;' and 
 jiiu ti) three 
 vide. 
 
 ^al(nise country 
 
 t loo miles in 
 
 and thirty to 
 
 miles wide. 
 
 lovernment si,i;- 
 
 cer stationed at 
 
 2 says the C(iiia- 
 
 )f the teniper- 
 
 n the State of 
 
 n.y;ton is iin- 
 
 in any other 
 
 f the United 
 
 cxce])t (in the 
 
 ornia. 
 
 h., has j^athered 
 1 three-year-old 
 
 Valley vary in 
 e (if these flows 
 nty-four hours, 
 lie tree, John 
 jy picked about 
 •]) the branches 
 
 Washinj^ton is 
 r on the south 
 I the north. It 
 wenty to thirty 
 Klickitat River 
 
 PUBLIC AND OTHER LANDS. 
 
 UK Spokane Land Office district includes 
 the counties of Adams, Lincoln, Okan- 
 ojjan, vSpokahe, Stevens, Whitman, and 
 ]iart of Dou;,das. 
 
 The total area of land surface in the 
 counties of this district is 8,2,^9,750 acres. 
 The area disposed of, u]) to March ,?i, 
 1896, is 4,18,^,747 acres. 
 
 The £irca in acres reserved a^^i^-rej^ates 
 1,980,160. 
 The area in acres unappropriated, unreserved, 
 surveyed and unsui-veyed 
 amounts to 2,154,568. 
 
 arable and valuable for fruit and j^rain. Lincoln : 
 Farming-, fruit, and j;Tazin);-. Okanoj^an : Moun- 
 tainou.s, mineral, fruit, and )frazinJ,^ Spokane: 
 I'arniinj;-, j^ardcninj^-, mineral, and fruit lands. 
 Stevens : ^lountainous and valley, mineral ; val- 
 uable for timber, mines, fruit, and farmin.y. 
 Whitman : Farminj;-, fruit, and j;razin(4-. 
 
 In all the counties of this district are excellent 
 lands for fruits, vegetables, and stock-raisinJ,^ 
 
 Settlers ujjon unsurveyed lands have prior ri},dit 
 to homc.-itead entry after the lands are surveyed. 
 
 The Northern Pacific 
 Railroad Company has. 
 
 BANK BUILDINGS 
 I. Tiadeis' National Bank, 
 3. Spokane & Eastern Trust Co 
 
 The area r)f lanil sur- 
 face in the several coun- 
 ties is : Adams, 734,000 
 acres ; Douylas (portion 
 included in this district), 
 
 1,500; Lincoln, 1,490,250; Okan(jj.;an, 274,500; 
 Spokane, 1,134,700; Stevens, 3,951,500 ; Whitman, 
 653)300. There arc no reservations in Adams, 
 Douj^las, Spokane, or Whitman. 
 
 The acreage reserved is ; Whitman, 700; Okan- 
 ogan, 274,500; vStevens, 1,704,960. 
 
 Lands surveyed are : Adams County, 168,885 
 acres ; Lincoln, 230,691 ; Spokane, 28,516 ; Stevens, 
 251,262 ; Whitman, 20,793. 
 
 Unsurveyed lands ^n this district are situated : 
 Dotijrlas, 1,500; Lincoln, 8,483; Spokane, 91,950; 
 Stevens, 1,352,488. 
 
 The lands in Adams and I)ou,i,rlas counties arc 
 
 IN SPOKANE. 
 
 J. Old National Bank, 
 4, Exchange National Bank 
 
 nder its grant, every 
 odd section for twenty 
 
 miles on each side of its 
 main line, and branches 
 which were constructed. 
 For lands lost on account of priority of settle- 
 ment, reservations, or State selections, it has 
 indemnity or lieu selections, extending its pos- 
 sessions into all the counties in this district. 
 These lands are for sale at various prices, accord- 
 ing to locality. 
 
 Unimproved farming and fruit lands may be 
 bought in Eastern Washingt(jn and Northern 
 Idaho at from $2.50 to $10 per acre. Improved 
 farms and orchard land can be bought at from 
 §8 to §30 per acre. Choice unimproved fruit 
 lands, within five to ten miles of Sjjokane, may 
 be had for from $10 to $30 per acre. 
 
 45 
 
HI 
 
 ti 
 
 
 EDUCATION IN EASTERN WASHINGTON. 
 1. State Normal School at Cheney, Wash. 2. Univ»rsity of lilaho at Moscow. 3, Co'fax High School. 
 
 5 Public School, Garfield. Wath. 6. Spokar j Business College 
 
 4. Public School, Pullman, Wash, 
 
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tJnl^ 
 
 ;v»r:5^ 
 
 0»^-*- I' ARMS AND ORCHARDS. 
 
 KAXOC.AN VALLHV lies n,,rt:i 
 (if tliL' Hij,f Ik'iul coiinlry, with tliu 
 Columbia Ri\cr iiUtTvcniii),'. Tlir 
 liV iiiipcr portiiins dl" tiiu valley cniitaiii 
 iraiiy fine sloek ranges. The l)i>t- 
 tdiu aiul hill lands ai'c snitalilc t'ur 
 farniin^^ .Vppk's, ])lnnis, pcaehcs, 
 f,'Tapcs, and small fruits are j,Tii\vn, 
 Rich silver and lead liearinj^ ores are mined 
 /' on the Coiieonnlly River, a tributary of the 
 
 ( Jkanoj^an. 
 The Chelan and Methow re;^;ion lies s(Uith\vest 
 and conti)^uons to the ( )kan()jian eountry. It is 
 drained by the 
 Methow and Che- 
 lan rivers. Lake 
 Chelan is a pictur- 
 esipie, navijrable 
 sh^et of water, sev- 
 enty miles lon.Lf by 
 one to four miles 
 wide. The ^le- 
 thow and its trib- 
 utaries, and the 
 streams flowinj^ 
 into Lake Chelan 
 have narrow fer- 
 tile valleys. These 
 and the slopes of 
 adjacent hills eon- 
 tain a good deal of 
 arable f a r m i n jjf 
 land and bunch- 
 grass ])asturage. 
 Mines of silver and lead are 
 in the mountain districts. 
 
 THE LUSCIOUS PEAR 
 
 being developed 
 
 WAI.I.A WAI.l.A, "wiiKKi: ruK \v\ri.Ks MF.ir. 
 
 The Walla Walla country lies between vSnake 
 River on the north and the lilue Mountains on the 
 south, and is the oldest settled portion of i-lastcrn 
 W;ishington, and one of the most attractive. This 
 region jjractically la])s over into the State of Ore- 
 gon. It is an undulating plateau, deeply creased 
 by the narrow valleys of the streams. It is an 
 exceedingly fertile and attractive region, with 
 substantial towns and numerous railroad lines. 
 The average yield of wheat rarely falls below 
 twenty-live bushels to the acre, and with careful 
 cultivation, in favorable seasons, forty and fifty 
 bushels are raised. The .seed is sown either in the 
 nil or s])ring, as suits the farmer's convenience. 
 
 'i'iie harvest season begins the ist of July, i.-id 
 lasts into September, H.irle)- is the ni\t most 
 important cereal cro]). ( )rchards abound, and tlie 
 culture of a])|)les, ])eaches, ])ruiies, cherries, pears, 
 plmns, grapes, and berries is a leading industry. 
 
 '• will Kr. I Ml, ni:i) \i w I'll NU s." 
 
 The Yakima Valley lies north of the Klickitat 
 countr\-, reaching from tlie Coliimliia River to the 
 Cascade Mountains, and is about ioo miles long. 
 The central ])arts of the valley contain the l)est 
 agricultural lands. I'or the last fifty miles of its 
 cour.se, the river runs through a dry region. The 
 
 soil is Wonderfully 
 rich, however, and 
 irrigation has ren- 
 dered it exceed- 
 ingly ])roductive. 
 The middle \alley 
 issiipjiosed to have 
 once been the bed 
 of a series of lakes. 
 The tii)per\-alley is 
 a region of moun- 
 tains and foothills, 
 clothed with for- 
 ests. The table- 
 lands and hills are 
 covered with sage 
 in ])art, and in ])art 
 with lu.xuriant 
 bunch grass. They 
 and the adjacent 
 valleys have been 
 famous for a ciuarter of a century as the grand- 
 est pasture lands of the Northwest. Great prog- 
 ress has been made in irrigating etiterjjrises 
 in the Yakima Valley and along the tributary 
 streams flowing to the river. Main canals have 
 been constructed covering both the first and 
 second benches of the northern side of the vallej' 
 for a distance of nearly loo miles, and lands thus 
 brought under ditch are found to be nowhere 
 excelled for general fertility and for special adap- 
 tation to the raising of frnits, hops, vegetables, 
 grains, and gras.ses. The cultivation of apples, 
 jiriines, cherries, plums, peaches, apricot.s, pears, 
 gra]ies, strawberries, rasjiberrie.s, and other small 
 fruits is attended with marked snecess, the fruit 
 attaining great pert'ection of size and flavor, and 
 great abundance of yield The hop industry Iku 
 been a leading industrv. 
 
 c Schoal. Pullman, Was*!, 
 
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 BIRDS-EYE V1E//S OF SPOKANE. 
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