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Thoee too lerge to be entirely included in one expoeure are filmed beginning in the upper left henc^ comer, left ta right end top to bottom, ee many fram^ aa required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Lee cartee, pianchae, tableeux. etc.. peuvent dtre fiimAe i dee taux de reduction difftrents. Loseque le document eet trop grend pour itre reproduit en un seul cliche, il eet filmi A partir da I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de heut en bea, en prenent la nombre d'imagee nteessaire. Lea disgrammes suivants iiluatrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 \tH 'fiiiSPrapjPS'i.j. I ij!iM«wnnppipp""*r''^^w ,-«f w y .^ r. /iotxi^uJ. /iiu^ THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO THE J. D. BARNETT TEXT-BOOK COI.LECTION University of Western Ontario LIBRARY LONDON . CANADA Class \JV.\.0.0.\ '**^; At*; ^'^.^ ,,-«aJ': - r"S 1^1 [51 --* V /•t- •"^T^jmrn^T- ^^. a-oiu- C / iwj ii» EXERCISES IN I MAP GEOGRAPHY FOR JUNIOR PUPILS. BY GEORGE MOIR, PBiNciPAL, ST. Mary's public schools. SEVENTH EDITION- JORi^EOTBD AND ENLARGED. *l ' thoi ^ insistev. )h TORONTO : ?, CLARK CO., LIMITED, 9 FRONT STREET WEST. 1884. 1 Entered according to Aet of Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty, by H. FRED SHARP, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. I PREFAOE. The following pages contain simply the " Geography Notes » which have been used in the St. Mary's Pub'ic Schools for the past three years. To save the time necessary for the teachers to write them on the black boards, and the pupils to copy them into their exercise books is the cause of their appearing in type. The principal Geographical facts relating to each Con- tinent are arranged in order, so that the learner is enabled to see at a glance, not only what he or she is expected to do, but HOW it is to be done.' Though designed to be general, the Geographical knowledge contained therein will be found sufficient to prepare students for Third, or even Second Class Certificates. GEO. MOIR. St. Mary's, 1878. PREFACE TO SEVENTH EDITION. The excensiv-e and rapidly increasing demand for this little volume of exercises clearly proves tue existence of a very general opinion that some work of this kind is )eu;raed to meet an actual want. In order still more to deserve favor the present edition has been carefully revised, enlarged and improved -several typographical errors have been corrected and TWELVE of J ohnston's Maps inserted. The maps though small, are remark- ably distinct and render the exercises complete in themselves at a very* small additional cost. The principal definitions are given in full and several examination papers added. o ,, G. M. St. Mary's, 1883. TO THE TEACHER. Pupils should not be allowed merely to learn by rote the lists of Countries, Mountains, Capes, &c., &c., belonging to any Continent-a thorough knowledge of the exact location of everything mentioned should be insisted on. /# THE WORLD. The surface of the earth consists of land and water, but there is much more water than land. The largest division of land is called a Continent and the largest division of vrater an Ocean. THERE ARE FIVE CONTINENTS, Viz. : 1. America. 2. Europe. 3. Asia. 4. Africa. 5. Oceania. Europe, Asia and Africa are often termed the Old World. America is called the New World because it is only about 400 years since Columbus discovered it. THERE ARE FIVE OCEANS, Viz. : The Atlantic, between America on the one side and Europe and Africa on the other. " Pacific, between America and Asia. " Indian, south of Asia. " Artic, around the North Pole. " Antartic, around the South Pole. A Map is a picture of the Earth, or a part of it on a plain surface. The upper part of a map is North ; the lower,' South ; the right hand side, East ; the left hand side, West. :here is largest lA. America rs since d Africa surface, ^ht hand Abor IMPORTANT Gf-OGRAPHICAL DEFINITIONS. Aborigines- fouritrv. -The tlTHt Jnlmbltants of Affluent -A Htrofttn that IIowh Into another : n trlliiitoj}'. Antipodes People who livi) on oiijioHite Hia»'s of the earth, huving the feet directly o|i|io8ite to ours. Archlpelafiro -A Hea on the onst of Greece, a Men coatftininK uniiiy UlandH. Atmosphere— The air whioli Bin rounds tilt' (tiirth. Aurora Borealls -A streiimlng light or- iKiimtiiig in th.) polar heavens; Northern Light N. Avalanche— A slip of snow from the side of a inoiiiitain. Axis— An axle; an imaginary straight lino passing through tlie centre of the earth. Basin- A territory drained by a river and its tributaries ; a small arm of tlie sea. Bay— An inlet of the sea. Beach- The land adjoining a wea or lake, washed l)y the tides and waves. Bluff- A high bank overlooking a sec, lake, or ri^fer. Bog -Wet, spongy ground, containing largo quantities of vegetable matter. Bore— The front of a tidal wave ascending a river. Cape -A point of laud running out into the sea ; u headland. Cascade— A small waterfall . Cataract— A great waterfall, as Niagara Falls. Cereal— Grain, as wheat, rye, barley and rice. Channel~A passage of water connecting two seas. Climate— The general condition of the weatlier, especially in respect to heat moisture and salubrity. Coast— The part of a country which lies near the sea. Colony— A settlement in a new riountry. Commerce— Trade ; buying and selling. Continent— A large body of land, as North America. Crater— The mouth of a volcano. Creek— A brook ; a small bay. Current— A stream of water or air. Cyclone-A violent hurricane, moving in a great circle. Delta— An alluvial tract of land enclosed between th6 different ch!i.i:Tjf!!s -*• ih^^ mouth of certain rivers, as the Delta of the Nile. Desert— A barren region. Deserts are usu- ally caused by scarcity of rain, or by the proMenco of a large proportion of salt in the aoil. Doldruma-A sea term for the region of (•alms in tropical seas. They are iuuch dreaded by mariners. Downs -The name given to the rounded lulls in the south of England. Dune-Sand hills formed by the wind. Earthquake-A shaking of the iilarth's surface. Violent eai thiiua'^es are attend- ed by upheavals, depressions and rents n the ground. They are most common in tropical countries. Empire- -A country ruled by an emperor a number of countries united under one sovereign, as the British Empire. Emporium— A commercial town. Equator— A groat circle passing round the Earth east and west, eoui-distant from the poles, and dividing the Earth's surface into northern and southern hemispheres. Estuary— The mouth of a river, or tha part affected by the tide. Exotic— A plant introduced from abroad. Exports— GofxJs sent out of a country. Fauna— Tha animals of a given country. Firth -An arm of the sea, as the Pirth of ri>rth. Flora— The plants of a given country. Geyser— An Icelandic word applied to the boiling springs of Iceland. Glacier— A large mass of ice and snow wliich moves down the more elevated val- leys of snow-covered mountains. The Alps are noted for glaciers. Gulf— An inlet of the sea Harbour- A small inlet of the sea, contain- ing safe anchorage for vessels. Hemisphere- Half a sphere or ball. The i-arth IS divided by the equator into the northern and sc-ithern hemispheres. Horizon— The circle which bounds the view where the earth and sky seem to meet, is called the sensible horizon. A great cir- cle parallel with this, dividing the Earth into upper and lower hemispheres, is called the rational horizon. Iceberg— A large mass of ice often found floating in polar seas. Icebergs rise from 60 to 200 feet above the water, and about seven-eights of their bulk are submerged. Imports— Goods brought into a country from abroad. Island— A portion of land surrounded by •.vatcr, I.5iands are said to be continental •when they are near. a continent, and pelagic when in mid ocean. •li 6 MOIRS MAP GMOG.tAPUY. ii n Isthmus— A narrow strip of land connec t- ing countries as the Isthmus of Panama. LafifOOn— A shallow portion of salt water separated froia the sen by a beach or reef. Lagoons within coral reefs are common aniouc? the islands of the Pa-jiiic. Latitude— Distance from the equator, ^iieasured in degress on a meridian. It is either north or soutli. and cannot exceed 90°. The ancients supposed the Earth's measurement was mucli greater from east to west than from north to south. .Llanos— A term applied to the level treeless plains in the basin of the Orinoco in South America. Longfitude— Distance east or west from the first meridian, measured in degrees. The highest longitude is ISO'. Meridian -An in aginary line passinc from pole to pole, and cutting the equaoor at right angles. Monarchy— A government in which the supreme power is lodged in one person, a4 in Kussia. Monsoon — A periodical wind of India, blow- ing half che year from the north-east and the other half from the south-west. Mountain— Any great elevation of the Earth's surlace aboT the general level. Oasis— ▲ fertile spot in a desert Ocean — A vast body of salt water seperat- ing continents. Oceania or Oceanica— A term applied to the islandi; of the Pacific Ocean, taken collectively. Pampas — The treeless plains between the Rio de La Plata and the audes, *n South America. They are covered with tall grass. Vast herds of wild cattle and horses roam over the pampas. Peninsula— A portion of land nearly sur- rounded by water, as Nova Scotia. Plain — A level open country. Plateau -An elevated plain ; a table-land. Pole— The exti emetics of the Earth's axis are called the poles— f/ie north fole and the south pole. Prairie— A term applied to the grass-oovered I'lains m the basin of the Mississippi. Promontory- A high cape ; a headland. Province- A colony ; a dependency ; origi- nally a country obtained by conquest. Reef— A rocky ridge near the surface of the water. Republic— A state or country in which the officers of the government are elected by the people. River— A large stream of water flowing over the land. Savanna— A vast plain, destitute of trees, and covered with grasu. Sea— A large body of salt water. Silvas — The name given to the forest plains in the basin of the Amazon. Shore— The land bordering on the sea. Simoon— A hot, suffocating wind, which blows over the deserts of Arabia. Sirocco — A hot wind blowing from Africa to the southern shores of Europe. Sound — A narrow and shallow passage of water. Steppes— A name given to the plains of JSorthern Asia. Strait— A narrow passage of water joining two larger portions. Tornado— A violent wind, usually of short duration, and confined to narrow limits. Tropic— A term applied to two circles, one i?a° 28' north of the equator, called the Tropic of Cancer, and the other 23° 28' sonth, called the Tropic of Capricorn. They mark the limits of the sun's declina- tion north and south. The sun is never vertical beyond the tropics. Typhoou— A term applied to the hurricanes occurring in the south-east of Asia and the adjacent islands. Valley— A hollow between hills or moun- tains. Volcano— A burning mountain. Water-Shed— A ridge of land from which streams How in opposite directions. Whirlpool— A circular motion of water caused by the meeting of opi)osite cur- rents. The Maelstrom is a celebrated whirlpool on the coast of Norway. Whirlwind— A rotator3' ind. Whirlwinds at sea produce waterspouts. Zone— A belt extending around the Earth. The tropics and polar circles divide the Earth's surface into five zones— (/le torrid, the north temperate, south temperatt , north frigid, south frigid. i ) surface of the ry in which tlie are elected by ter flowing over ititute of trees, ,er. le forest plains 1. n the sea. J wind, which Arabia. ng from Africa Surope. low passage of the plains of f water joining sually of short narrow limits. wo circles, one tor, called the le other 23° 28' of Capricorn, e sun's declina- le sun is never I, I the hurricanes st of Asia and hills or moun- Eiin. nd from which irections. ition of water f opposite cur- 3 a celebrated Norway. id. Whirlwinds ind the Earth, cles divide the ues— (/i€ torrid, imperatt , north /» I r 70 >^^ ^J\> 60 ^^^ 5?^^^ 50 id u ^ H t R ' 70 NORTH AMERICA. COUNTRIES. Alaska Greenland Canada United States . Mexico Central America Rocky- Western Slope Northern Slope Colorado Sacramento Colville Mackenzie Coppermine Great Fish St. J0hn Penobscot Kennebec Mississippi Sabine Des Moines Missouri CAPITALS. POSITIONS OF CAPITALS. . New Archangel Sitka Island . Good Hope S. W. Coast . Ottawa River Ottawa . Washington River Potomac . Mexico Lake Tezcuco . New Guatemala Near Pacific Coast MOUNTAIN RANGES. Alleghany Laurentian PHYSICAL DIVISION. Eastern Slope Basin of Mississippi Basin of St. Lawrence RIVERS. WESTERN SLOPE. Columbia Eraser NORTHERN SLOPE. Churchill Nelson Severn Albany EASTERN SLOPE. Hudson Susquehanna Potomac BASIN OF THE MISSISSIPPI. Brazos Colorado Yukon, or K wick pack Moose Rupert East Main Great Whale James Roanoke Savannah Rio Grande Ottawa St. Maurice TRIBUTARIES OF MISSISSIPPI FROM WEST. Arkansas Red TRIBUTARIES OF MISSISSIPPI FROM EAST. Illinois Ohio BASIN OF ,ST. LAWRENCE. The St. Lawrence and its Tributaries. TRIBUTARIES FROM THE NORTH. St. CI ;i lies Sauguenay /. 8 MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. i if Richelieu Yamaska Brewster Farwell Cod May Hatteras Sable Melville Banks Cockbum Cumberland Greenland Iceland Cuba Porto Rico Labrador Nova Scotia Boothia Baffin's Hudson James' St. Lawrence Chaleiir Hudson Davis Belle Isle Northumberland Lancaster Franklin BIY^-R^— Continued. TRIBUTARIES FROM THE SOUTH. St. Francis CAPES. Charles Bald Catoche Gracios a-Dios Corrientes St. Lucas ISLANDS. Newfoundland Anticosti Prince Edward Cape Breton Long Island Bermudas WEST INDtA ISLANDS. Hayti PENINSULAS. Florida Yucatan SEAS. Caribbean Chaudiere Race Ray Mendocino Flattery Icy Bathurst Bahamas ' Vancouver Queen Charlotte's Prince of Wales Sitka Aleutian Jamaica Lower California Alaska Behrinar GULFS AND BAYS. Miramichi Campeachey ^^*'*^*^ Honduras ^"ndy Tehauntepec California San Francisco Delaware Chesapeake Mexico Georgia STRAITS AND CHANNELS. Canso Yucatan Florida Juan-de-Fuca Windward Pass Behring SOUNDS. Long Island Nootka Norton ,j*»-,*<^-r- - )tte's ales nia i t (i 11: 'A W &j6^K JoTnujton, EdiiibTargli and Loo ion 40 10 tM int 10 Great Bear Great Slave Arthabafika Wollaston Deer Winnipeg Manitoba Darien MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. * LAKES. Woods Ontario Rainy Simcoe Superior Nipissing Huron St. John Michigan Champlain St. Clair Great Salt Erie ISTHMUSES. Carrying Place Chignecto DESERT. Great American • 9 fjntanU T H N T I C f N ElICA _tgo SOUTH AMERICA. •, COUNTRIES. CAPITALS. POSITION OF CAPITALS. ^^^zil Rio Janeiro East Coast French Guiana Cayenne Island off Coast Dutch Guiana Paramaribo River Surinam British Guiana Georgetown River Demerara Venezuela Caraccas Near North Coast New Grenada Bogota Ecuador Quito Peru . Lima Bolivia Chupuisaca , La Plata Buenos Ayres _ „ ^^"g"^y Monte Video .' .' River Rio'dl-la Plata Paraguay Assumption River Paraguay ^*^"^ Santiago River Mavpocha Patigonia Puntas Arenas Strait of Magellan River Bogota River Esmeraldas River Riraac Near River Pilcomayo River La Plata Andes Wastern Slope Northern Slope MOUNTAIN RANGES. Espinhaco, or Brazilian Parima PHYSICAL DIVISIONS. Eastern Slope Basin of Parana Basin of Amazon 10 MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. vA. Maypocha Magdalena Orinoco Paranahyba RIVERS* WESTERN SLOPE. Rimac NORTHERM SLOPE. Essequibo Demerara EASTERN SLOPE. Francisco Esnieraldas Berbice Surinam Belmonte Napo Yucayali Yutay BASIN OF AMAZON. The Amazon and its Tributaries. TRIBUTARIES FROM NORTH. Yapura Rio Negro TRIBUTARIES FROM SOUTH. Purus Topayos Madeira Zingu Pilcomayo The union of Rio-de-la Plata. Gallinas Grange Trinidad Joanes Falkland South Georgia BASIN OF PARANA. The Parana and its Tributaries. TRIBUTARIES FROM NORTH AND EAST. • Paraguay Uruguay TRIBUTARIES FROM WEST. Vermejo Salado the Parana and Uruguay forms the Estuary of the CAPES. St. Roque Frio ISLANDS. Terra-del Fuego Staten Wellington Chiloe Horn Blanco Juan Fernandez St. Felix Galapagos Darien Maracaybo Paria PENINSULAS. Patagonia Tres Montes SEA. Caribbean. GULFS AND BAYS. All Saints Penos San Matias Guayaquil St. George Panama uary of the ndez I I l «W» ll .,m i j| |l|l | |l|l I ;j 3 T \ ^•' — MOIR'ii MAP GEOGRAPHY. n STRAITS AND CHANNELS. Magellan Le Maire LAKES. Maracaybo Titicaca DOMINION OF CANADA, (FORMED, 1867.) PROVINCES. CAPITALS. POSITION OF CAPITALS "^?"« Toronto Toronto Bay Quebec ..... Quebec St. Lawrence Hiver Tew Brunswick Fredericton St. John River rova Scotia Halifax Halifax Harbor [Prince Edward Is'and.. Charlottetown Hillsboro' Bav ^l"'\°^n , • • ; •• Winnipeg Red River British Columbia .... Victoria Vancouver Island |N. W. Territory .... Regina River Pile o' Bones ^P^l •C ONTARIO. COUNTIES. CHIEF TOWNS. [County Towns are mentioned first]. ON LAKE HUUON AND GEORGlAIJ BAY. f,""^o® Barrie, Bradford, Oollingwood, Orillia ^^^ Owen Sound, Durham, Meaford 5^"^® Walkerton, Southampton, Kincardine , "^'?''^ Goderich, Clinton, Exeter, Seaforth ^^^"^^^»» Sarnia, Petrolia, Point Edward ox LAKE ERtE. ^®"*^ Chatham, Bothwell, Ridgetown ■^p-" Sandwich, Windsor, Amherstburg S?.li; ^!^- ^^'^"i;*'' ^^'"'^ ^^^rA^y. Pt. Burwell, Aylmer t;^ ',^^^ • ; Simcoe, Port Dover, Port Rowan Hak imand Cayuga, Caledonia, Dunville ^^"and Welland, Thorold, Port Colborne - I', ii I'' " ^ ^ MOI/i'S MAP OEOGRAPllY. COUNTIES- CHIEF 'TOW^^Contlnued ). Off LAKE ONTARIO. Wertwnr'ti. ^' ^V.^^*'^"'"'"' Niagara, Port Dalhousie Wentwonh Hamilton, Dimdas p ** , " Milton, Georgetown, Oakville Y k Brampton, Streetsville, Port Credit of. Toronto, Newmarket, Aurora ^"^'^"^ Whithy, UHhawa, Uxbridge vl'T"' u 'r\ -^"''^ *^"J**^'' Newcastle, BowmanviUe Northumberland .... (^obourg, Brighton, Colborne Prince Edward Picton f^^^^^S^ Belleville, Trenton, Madoc ^e»nox Ntipanee Addington Bath, Newhur./h ON RIVKH ST. LAWKENCE. Frontenac Kingston, Ports.nouth )f^^^ .;, Brockville, Gananoque ^^^^^^^^^ Prescott. Merrickviile btormont Cornwall ^^^^mvy Alexandria, Lancaster ON RIVER OTTAWA. ™^^" L'Original, Hawkesbury ^"ssell Russell ^^^^^^^ Ottawa, New Edinburgh p f *" Pei-tli. Sniith's Falls, Carleton Place ^^"^^^^ Pembroke, Kenfrew, Arnprior rNL\ND COrjNTIKS NORTH OF LAKE ONTARIO. V^Ptnrr"^^' Peterborough, Ashburnham, Hastings ^^^^^^^ Lindsay, Omemee, Bobcaygeon INLAND COUNTIES IN WESTERN PENINSULA. Per h"^^'''' ^""1?^' ^l^ra, Fergus, Orangeville, Mt. Forest w^^oo--:::::;::::^^t-S^ Bpfnt Woodstock, Ingersoll, Norwich, Txisouourg rtf'f}' Brantford, Paris * Middlesex London, Strathroy, Lucan, Parkhill DISTRICTS. t}^T''^ >^ault Ste. Marie ^."8»^oka . Bvntebridge Ninisaincr as .i- PARLIAMENTARY RIDINOS. Bothwell Cardwell Dunville Monck Bothwell Bolton -«w*»ti> *«Whrwi« j.^.-*w» *» J AlOnrS MAP GEOaUAPllY. 13 RIVERS. Ipanish SHhle m,,;,^ V^"''" Sydenham Petawawa laganetHwan Tl.anios Bonnoche.-e /y®*"" C^.-and Mailawaaka iottawasuga Hmnber MiHHisHippi Maitlan.l Trent Nation » JH>uyi»ARY RIVKR8. Jt. Mary Deti-oit a* t p, .'' x'unoiii {^t, Lawi-ence '^'"'^" Niagara Ottawa ISLANDS. ^t. Joseph St. Ann's Goat uinmond Pelee Ambers >ockburn Long Point Wolfe [amtoulin . Grand AHumette ^alpole Navy Oalumet GULFS AND BAYS. r""^®^* Nottawasaga. Toronto Georgian Burlington Q„inte CITIES. Htawa Toronto Brantford Kingston Hamilton Guelph K Thomas ^^t. Catharines London CANALS. ^^^^^"^^ Rideau Sault Ste. Marie (Through U. S. Territory.) PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS. , ^.P , '''''^^' ' TERMINI. S^Hn^ Tr'^t^ • V V ' • ^'*^'^^* ^"^1 ^^^'' ^i" Loup LTieat VVestern Suspension Bridge and Windsor reat Western, Toronto Branch . . Hamilton and Toronto noat Western, Sarnia Branch . . London and Sarnia Cr ^^^^°'-* Stanley London and Port Stanley {':tt ^"^'^ T^ ^ffalo and Amherstbu^ rZr."' :^"""" ana i3ruee London and Wingham ~ ^l^Hn^.; r^ ^""^ ^r^' ^^"^-^"^^ ^"^ <^^^«^^ Sound ^e ington, Grey and Bruce .... Southampton and Harrisbur- W'^V u' ^''^ ^ ^'"'^ ^' ^^''^- Kincardine and Pahnerston ° credit Valley Toronto and St. Thomas u MOIH'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. ^AILWAYS—Continued. T ? Wr- ■■■. ^«^* Dalhousie and Fort Erie Toronto and Nipissnig Toronto and Coboconck Midland R R. of Cai..ada Port Ho,)e and Victoria Harbor Buffalo and Lake Huron Buffalo and Goderich St. Lawrence and Ottawa Ottawa and Prescott Georgian Bay and Lake Erie .... Wiarton (Colpoy's Bay), Pt. Dover. THE TEN LARGEST CITIES OF THE DOMINION. Monti-eal Halifax London Toronto Hamilton 8t. Catharines ^"t^^ ^'^^^^ Charlottetown Sr. John BOUNDARIES. Ontario is bounded on the no.th by English River, Lake St. Joseph, Albany Paver and James Bay ; on the east by the Province of Quebec and the Ottawa River; o. the south-east and south by the River St Lawrence, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie; on the south-west and west bv sfMir ?t"t' ^"^' ^\ ^xr: ^'^'' ^'- ^^^^^^' ^^ke Huron, Rive^ St. Maiy, Lake Superior, the United States and Lake of the Woods. [) mjR ±ia\ QUEBEC. ■^erte' pt. Geoi CITIES. «^^^ ^' Quebec Three Rivers Sherbrooke ^^hedabi Montreal St. Hyacinthe ISLANDS. ' Sorel 1 Magdalen Anticosti Montreal ■ Bonaventure Orleans RIVERS. Jesus 1 St. Lawrence Richelieu Gatineau I St, Maurice St. Charles Yamaska St. Francis Coulogne Petit". Nn<-ir>ii 1 Saguenay Chaudiere Rouge I Tadousac PLACES OF NOTE. Point Levis Father Point. MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. 15 )rt Erie ik ia Harbor j)j Pt. Dover. NTON. lies )wn e St. Joseph, 36 of Quebec he River St. and west by luron, River be Woods. I'redericton \t. John Voodstock \t. John !Jhaleur [iramichi NEW BRUNSWICK. CHIEF CITIES AND TOWNS. St. Andrews Campbelltown Chatham Dorchester Dalhousie RIVERS. Restigouche Miramichi BAYS. Verte Fundy Chignecto Cumberland Basin NOVA SCOTIA AND CAPE BRETON. llalifax Liverpool Bydney St. Marys La Have V erte St. George's iras D'or ^hedabucto Yarmouth Lunenburg Annapolis CHIEF CITIES AND TOWNS. Pictou Windsor Truro RIVERS. Liver])ool BAYS. Halifax Harbor St. Margaret's Mahone St. Mary's STRAITS. Northumberland Fundy Minas Basin Minas Channel Cobequid Bay Can so MANITOBA. Red RIVERS. Assiniboine NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. RIVERS. Saskatcliewan (North and South Branches), and the Rivers of the Northern Slope of North America i 'I * il I il 16 MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. UNITED STATES, NEW ENGLAND, OR EASTERN STATES. NAMES. CHIEF CITIES. [Capitals mentioned flrst] ^^ine A '.ousta, Portland, Bangor New Hampshire .... Concord, Portsmouth, Manchester I ermont Montpelier, Middleburg, Burlington Massachusetts Boston, Lowell, Springfield Rhode Island Providence, Newjjort Connecticut Hartford, New Haven NORTHERN, OR MIDDLE STATES. ^^^^ York. Albany, New York, Buffalo, Rochester Pennsylvania Harrisb'irg, Philadelphia, Pittsburg New Jersey Trenton, Newark, Jersey City Delaware Dover, Wilmin^yton, Delaware Maryland Annapolis, Baltnnore District of Columbia . . Washington SOUTHERN 3TATES. Virginia . Richmond, Petersburg, Mount Vernon VVest Virginia Wheeling North Carolina Raleigh South Carolina Columbia, Charlestown ^f 0';gi^ Milledgeville, Atlanta, Savannah ■^loi'ida Tallahassee, Key West Alabama Montgomery, Mobile Mississippi Jackson, Vicksburg Louisiana New Orleans, Batonrouge "^^^^^ Austin, Galveston, Houston Tennessee Nashville, Memphis Kentucky Frankfort, Louisville, Lexington Arkansas Little Rock WESTERN STATES. !p^jj? Columbus, Cincinnati, Cleveland 115?^^!^^ Indianapolis, Terra Haute. Fort Wavne Illinois SnrinaflfilH ninnQr,^ OniMr- Michigan Lansing, Detroit, Ann Arbor Wisconsin Madison, Milwaukee, Green Bay Minnesota St. Paul ^<^^^ I>es Moines, Davenport, Dubuque ^' eoL- :, % ^ 96/ V: IP IT) ■''%■ m Misso Colors Ciilifoi >I<'vad Oiogoi Wiislii Idaho Utah Arizon Wyom Monta Nt-w Y Philach Brookl St. Loi ussia wedeij orwaj enma] russia ustria iirkey reece olhinc elgiun ranee witzer] Italy . pain . , ortuga li^L MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. 17 WESTERN ^Th.Tm— Continued. issouri Jefferson, St. Louis, Cairo it»SHS Tepeka, Lecumpton ebraska Omaha, Lincoln olorado Denver, Golden City |Jalifornia Sacramento, San Francisco ■P^t-vada Carson, Virginia City P'f^goii Salem, Portland, Oregon City ^ , TERRITORIES. Washington Dakota Santa Fe f J^^io Indian Cheyenne City Ritah Alaska Helena ^^"^ . Olympia Yanktan, Pembina |sew Mexico Boise Tahlequah |Wyomnig Salt Lake City New Archangel Montana Prescott, Tnscon THE TEN LARGEST CITIES. (lu order of size). ^^ y?''K Chicago New Orleans hiladeli)hia Baltimore San Francisco Brooklyn Boston St. Louis Cincinnati 1^*^-^-, 'i' -J o EUROPE. CAPrrALS. POSITION OF CAPITALS, COUNTRIES. J'^^^'^^'^ St. Petersburg River Neva ?7«^^»^ Stockholm Lake Malar [^'■"^''^y Christiana Christiana Bay Denmark Copenhagen Sound *i'"»sia Berlin Spree ;^^«J"^ Vienna Danube ;"^"*^®y Constantinople Bosphorus ;''';f "^ , Athens Near Gulf of Egina f-^"""^ 'i^l^e Hague Mouth of Rhine !«1»^""^ Brussels River Sonne y'^"^^ ■ • P^iis River Seine f 7^^^'^^^"^ Berne River Aar P\^' • • • • Roni« River Tiber [P^"' • • • • Madrid Branch of Tagus P^"t"g^l Lisbon River Tagus 18 MOllVS MAP GEOGRAPHY. MOUNTAIN RANGES. ' t Scandanavian Vosges Mountains of Toledo Mar Alps Cevenne Ca.stile Mountains Aug Carpathian Pyrenees Cantabrian Wig Balkan Sierra Nevada Sierra D'Estrella O Apennines Sierra Morena Valdia hills of Russia ( RIVERS. .J(M'S On.' FLOW N. THRO. KUSSIA. FLOW X. W. TO NORTH SEA FLOW W. THRO. iiPAIN. Aid. Petchora Duna Elbe Sark Mezene Nienien WoSfT Dwina Vistula Rhine Nor> Onega Oder Mouse Juth FLOW N. W. TO BALTIC RIVERS OF FRANCE. FLOW THROUGH. Bres Doiiro Seine Ebro Tagil s Loire Po Win Gaudiana Garonne Tiber » » 111 Brtltl Gaudalquiver . Rhone Danube Kort THIBS, OF DANUBE. FLOW S. TURD. RUSSIA. FLOW THKO. NOR. 4 SW^E. Irish Theiss Dniester Tornea Pruth Dnieper Umea A roll Drave Don Dal Onetj Save Volga Glommen Kan - CAPES. 3oth ]S"orth Ortegal Palos , n ?inla "{ \ era. The Naze Finnistei'e Nao ■ *•*&" Skaw Roca Teulada H Wrath St. Vincent Passaro H rhe^ Clear Trafalgar Spartivento H Land's End Tariffa Matapan H Littk La Hague Gata Dtttte ISLANDS. ^kagj ^ 1 • ON THE N. AND W. OF MEDITERRANEAK. OF BALTIC H hngh New Spitzbergen Balearic — Aland H Nova Zembla ( Minorca < Majorca ( Ivica Gottland ^ Lofoden Oesel ^ ( Faroe Zealand H J Orkney Corsica Laaland . H 1 Shetland Sardinia Funen 9 Hebrides Elba Oland ■ Great Britain Sicily Bornholm H Ireland Lipari Rugen H MOrirS MAP GEOGRAPHY. \ of Toledo mntains 1 Istrella Is of Russia fHRO. hJPAIN. 19 HROUGH. NOR. 4 SWE. lALTIC. Man Lnglesea 'ight Channel Islands — I ersey riiernsey Ideniey iJark ISLANDS -Co««mM«d Malta Candia Cyprus Negropont Ionian Islands — Coi-fu Cephalonia Zaute Forway and rutland {reste White Baltic Horth Irish Archangel Onejja Kankalaska Bothnia Finland Biga The Sound O feat Belt Little Belt (/nttegat Skaggerack Luglish Onega Ladoga Peipua Sweden PENINSULAS. Spain and Portuiral Italy Morea SEAS. Mediterranean Adriatic Marmora GULFS AND BAYS. Crimea Black Azof Caspian Dantzig Zuiderzee Biscay Lyons Genoa Venice Taranto Lepanto Egina Salonika Perekop Toganrog STRAITS AND CHANNELS. Dove" Messina North Otranto St. (George's Dardanelles Bi-istol Bosphorous Gibraltar Yenikale, or Kertch Bonifacio LAKES. Wener Wetter Malar Constance Geneva Como Maggiore Garda ISTHMUS. Corinth. 20 MOTR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. ASIA. OOUNTRIEH, Siberia ( Eastern) . Siberia (Western) . Turkestan Persia Turkey in Asia . . . Arabia Afghanistan . . Beloochistan . . Hindostan Chinese Empire, Japan CAPITALS. POSITION OP CAPITALS. Yakutsk Lena River Tabolsk Irtish River Bokhara Near the Oxus Teheran South of Caspian Smyrna E. Coast of Med Mecca Near Red Sea Cabool Near Hin. Koosh Kelat Interior Calcutta . Ganges Pekin Near Peiho River Yeddo Niplion Ishind M. INDO-CHIXA OR FARTHER INDIA. Burinah Monchobo N. of Ava Siani Bankok Menan River Anam Hue Coast Malaya Singapore Singa])ore Island BRITISH PRESIDENCIES IN HINDOSTAN. Bombay Madras Bengal FRENCH POSSESSION IN HINDOSTAN. Pondicherry PORTUGl^ESE POSSESSION IN HINDOSTAN. Goa MOUNTAIN RANGES. ^o»7 !h S3^- Himalaya Hindoo Koosh Elburz Taurus Anti-Taurus Labanon SOUTHERN SLOPE. Euphrates Tigris Indus Ganges Brahmapootra Irawady Menam Cambodia Altai Yabloni Thian Shan Peling Nan King Eastern Ghauts RIVERS. EASTERN SLOPE. Canton Yang-tse-Kiang Hoang Ho X ui xxO Amoor Oxus Sihon Western Ghauts Soliman Mount Sanai Mount Ararat Mount Everest, highest peak in the world. NORTHERN SLOPE. Obi Yencvsi Olen Lena A BASIN OF ARAL AND CASPIAN. Emba Ural f OF CAPITA LH. er er Ox us )f Med Sea . Koosh M. o River land ver Island TJiauts lai irat erest, highest in the world. IRN SLOPE. A.N. Okhot I Japan lYellov Anadi Penjin Tartar IPetche Tonqui Behrin jPeroua ISangai ICorea kikal ialkas S^obi jopatk; IJamboi Tew Si uleutia 3agliali( lurile JAPAl fiphon :'esso Lamscl] ;orea AfOUrS MAP CEOaiiAPIIY. 21 SEAS. Beliring Okhotsk Chinese Arabian Marmora Black Japan Yellow Meiliterranean Caspian Aral GULFS AND BAYS. Anadir Penjina Tartarv Petcheelee Siam Bengal Martaban Manaar Cam bay Cutch Persian Suez Tonquin STRAITS AND CHANNELS. « Behring Perouse Sangar Corea Formosa Malacca Palks Orniua LAKES. Babelmandeb Dardanelles Bosphorus Baikal Balkasli Dead Sea Van ISTHMUS. Suez DESERTS. Galilee or Tiberias >obi Persian CAPES. Arabian -jopatka !/ambodia Rouniania Negrais Comorin ISLANDS. ^ew Siberia Aleutian (aglialien Lurile JAPAN ISLANDS Siphon resso Loo Choo Formosa Hainan Philippine Borneo Summatra Java PENINSULAS. Andaman Nicobar Ceylon Maldives Laccadives Cypus Rhodes Lamschatka iorea Malaya Madras Arabia Asia Minor 22 MOIirS MAP GEOGRAPHY v^ ''I! Palestine Jerusalem Aleppo Damascus Kars Bagdad PLACES OF NOTE. (Learn where they are and for what remarkable.) Benires Nepaul Delhi Lucknow Cawnpore Cashmere Thibet Bhotan Medina Besika Bay Baton m Khyber Pass AFRICA. COUNTRIKS. CAPITALS. POSITION OF CAPITALS ^^'■^^,<^o Morocco On the Coast f^^^^}'^'^ Algiers On the Coast i,"."^^,.- • • • Tunis On the Coast Ji^Poli Tripoli On the Coast HyV^ Cairo Kiver Nile ^,"^i^. Khartoum River Nile Abyssinia Gondar Lake Dembea Zanguebar Coast .... Zanzibar Zanzibar Islands Mozambique Mozambique On the Coast Cape Colony ( Jape Town On the Coast Lower Guinea Loango On the Coast Upper Guinea Coomasse River Dah Senegambia Bathurst River Gambia t^";^^" Timbuctoo River Niger Madagascar Island .... Tananarive Near the Centre Atlas Abyssinian Shelia* Nile Livuma Snartf-l Bou Guardafui Delgado Amber MOUNTAIN RANGES. Moon Snow Kong RIVERS. Zambesi Gambia Orange Congo Niger Senegal CAPES. St. Mary's Agulhas Good Hope Frio Pal mas Verde Blanco Lopez ss F CAPITALS. St 5t it ?t Ba ands it it It )ia ntre Socot Se yd Maui Tunis Medil I Cabes Sidra Aboul Suez Gibral Victor Albert ... ' %.. Socotra Seychelles Mauiitius Tunis Mediterranean Cabes Sidra Aboukir Suez Gibraltar [Victoria Nyanza [Albert Nyanza MOIRS MAP GEOGRAPHY. 23 ISLANDS. Madagascar St. Helena Ascension PENINSULAS. Somauli SEAS. Red Cape Verde Islands Canary Azores Cape Colony Babelmandeb GULFS AND BAYS. Delagoa Table False St. Helena Guinea Biafra Benin STRAITS AND CHANNELS. Babelmandeb Mozambique LAKES. Tanganyika Tchad ISTHMUS. Suez DESERT. Sahara CANAL. Suez lI^ 24 MOIirS MAP GEOGRAPHY. OCEANIA. Mai d-ysia NAME. DIVISIONS. A-ustialasia Polynesia MALAYSIA : PRINCIPAL ISLANDS. BELONGS TO CAPITAL. ^J'^^^^^^ The Dutch Pelem Bang J^^'^ The Dutch Batavia Borneo The Dutch Bruni ^}$^\ The Dutch Macassar Philippine Spain Manilla AUSTRALASIA : PRINCIPAL ISLANDS. NAME. BELONGS TO CAPITAL. Australia Britain Sydney Tasmania . Britain Hobait Town New Zealand Britain Auckland New Guinea The Dutch POLYNESIA : PRINCIPAL GROUPS. NAME. BELONGS TO Sandwich United States Society France ^''iendly Independent Navigator's Independent CAPITAL. Honolulu Papiete Bass Torres Coral STRAITS. Macassar Sunda SEAS. A rafura Malacca Cook Chinese AUSTRALIA. COLONIES Victoria MpII CAPITALS. )ourne POSITION OF CAPITALS. XT, Kew South Wales. . . . ^A^Z ] [ y/,: [ ] [ ] ^ Zl^ Queensland Brisbane South Australia . . Western Australia . . . Perth SwanRi;;; South Australia. . .... AdelaTd; '. ." ". ." '. :;.V. [ [ N.^stTincent Gulf 1 1: «■ MOWS MAP GEOGRAPHY. 25 Carpentaria York . Cape York Torrens Victoria Darling Australian Alps GULFS AND BAYS. . -^^^^^^^ Australian Bight CAPES. ^^'^^y North West PENINSULAS. Cobourg LAKES. Gregory Gardiner RIVERS. ^""'^y Swan MOUNTAINS. Liverpool li Rli 26 MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. THE BRITISH EMPIRE. PRINCIPAL COLONIES AND POSSESSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA. Dominion of Canada Bermudas Most of the West India Newfoundland British Honduras Islands. IN SOUTH AMERICA, British Guiana Falkland Islands South Georgia IN EUROPE. Heligoland Malta Cyprus Gibraltar ^ ^ IN ASIA. Hindostan Malacca Labuan ^^^^^^ Hong Kong Aden bingapore IN AFRICA. NAME. CAPITAL. Cape Colony Cai)e Town ^^57"^* King William Town i;,Tr, Peitermartizburg ^^^"^ ^^'^^^ Cape Coast Castle feierra Leone Free Town ^•^^^^^ Bathurst Mauritius Islands Port St. Louis ^eyche les Islands Port Victoria bt. Helena Island Jamestown Ascension Island Georgetown IN OCEANIA. Australia Van Dieman's Land New Zealand 55 53 52h- f" Wi-,V,K.Johiistor..,Kumh«rgh a„d London ":';!e 1 I K'utn*tr ■ Tlie Ciini Tyne Hum Wind Hunil The V Flamb North Holy Wi^rht ?1 % .Wilis) SCOTLAJ^D 7 I,, By Keith Jcfeast-n T IL S,E, EniJlish Maes Z '" II 10 80 so 40 '"*~w~\i^^y ^«1t»-;illil^^ ^^1^3^ ^m.\ ^vmitimm r^Wm-stif^ London Liverpc Manch( Birmin: Grs ampu Spey Dee Lomond Katrine T r MUIH'S MAP (iKOaHAPIlY, 'j^i 4 i. . "^ ENGLAND AND WALES. The Poimine Tyne Oiise H umber Windermere Humber The Wash Flam borough North Foreland Holy Wight "Xt^TON •' iUrralS#' >XBURfc^^^ „ <5 o London Liverpool Manchester Birmingham £atdi£oajiil Grampian Spey Dee Lomond Katrine MOUNTAINS. Devonian KIVEK8. ThanicH Severn Mersey LAKES. Ulloswater Snowdon Eden Derwentwater Canligan Bay Sol way Fritli INLETS. Solent Biistol Channel CAPES OK HEADS. 8o,ith Foreland St. David's Lands End Holyhead ISLANDS. V"^f)^ Man Anglesea g^illy PRINCIPAL CITIES. Sheffield PlymoutJi ^^'^^ , Oxford Newcastle-on-Tyne Cambridge ^^■^•'^^^ Merthyr Tydvil SCOTLAND. MOUNTAINS. Ben Nevis Cheviot Hills BIVERS. ^^^ Tweed Forth LAKES OR LOCHS. Earn Clyde Tay Awe Lev 27 en 28 Pentland Moray Wrath Fife Ness Hebrides Orkney Edinburgh Glasgow Dundee UJster Lemster Speriin Foyle Bann Boyne Neagh Dundalk Dublin Malin Ireland's Eye Dublin Belfast MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. INLETS. Frith of Forth Frith of Clyde CAPES. Mull of Cantire Loch Linnhe The Minch Mull of Galloway Islay Arran ISLANDS. Shetland Skye PRINCIPAL CITIES. Aberdeen Stirling ^^'}\ Inverness ^^is^ey Perth IRELAND. PROVINCES. Munster MOUNTAINS. Wicklow RIVERS. Liffey Bairow Blackwater LAKES OR LOUGHS. Erne Connaught Macgillicuddy Reeks Shannon Erne INLETS. Killarney Cork Dingle Gal way Donegal CAPES OR HEADS. Wicklow Clear ISLANDS. Valentia ^chil PRINCIPAL CITIES. ??^'^ . , Londonderry Limerick Wateiford * \m IBM \hi\^ — A ■«fl./^ ■ihi< HiAi 52h {fuhulPf ' Kr""""H ?XiJ W*,A.K..I„h.n,,to„,Edi.ibur|n and I.on.l.n Par Ver Lyo Mar Bort Cala Tcul Ajac Madi Barc( Cadii Tolec Bada a. Lisbo Oport Berlii Bresly Colog Biogfe Dantz Haoov Frank Dresde Hambi Muoic Stuttgj Strasbi Metz Brussei Aotwer Ostend Liege MOIR^^ MAP GEOGRAPHY. 2& IN rRANCE. Paris "Versailles Lyons Marseilles Bordeaux Calais Tculoo Ajaccio (in Corsica) », , .IN SPAJK. Madrid Barcelona Cadiz Toledo Bad a j OS CHIEF CITIES IN EUKOPE. IN PORTUGAL. Lisbon Oporto IN PRUSSIA. Berlin Breslau Cologne Bineren Dantzig Hanover Frankfort Dresden Hamburg Munich Stuttgart Strasburg Metz IN BELGIUM. Brussels Antwerp Ostend Liege IN RUSSIA. St. Petersburg Kronstadt Riga Revel Archangel Moscow Odessa Sebastopol Kiev Astrakhan Warsaw Novgorod IN TURKEY. Constantinople Adrinople Sophia Varna Plevna Belgrade Widden Rustchuk Bucharest Silistra Ibraiia Galatz Jassy IN NORWAY AND SWEDEN Christiana Bergen Drontheim Frederickshald Haiumerfest Stockholm Gotten burg Upsala Carlscrona IN ITALY. Rome Turin Genoa Milan Bologna Florence Venice Naples Solferina Pisa Lorretto Cagliare (in Sardinia) IN AUSTRIA. Vienna Prague Tokay Presburg Cracon Trieste Austerlitz Pesth Buda Trent Lemburg IN HOLLAND. The Hague , Amsterdam Rotterdam Leyden Utrecht Haarlem IN SICILY. Palerma Messina IN MALTA. Valetta ^ ,^' 30 MOIR'S MAP GEOGRAPHY LEARN THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS: Geo,Taphy May Planet Hemisphere Circumference Diameter Axis Pole Radius Annual Motion Diurnal Motion Orbit Equator Ecliptic Meridian Parrallels of Latitude Latitude Longitude Trupic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Arctic Circle Antartic Circle Arc Degree Horizon Nodes Equinox Zone Isothermal line Zodiac Eclipse Zenith Nadir Great Circle Less Circle Political Geography Monarchy Empire Kingdom Republic Colony Absolute Monarchy Limited Monarchy Mariner's Compass Cardinal Points Antipodes Aborigines Geolouv Christian Jew Mohammedan P agan WORLD. COUNTRY. MOIK'S MAP GEOGRAPHY. PWNCIPAL VOLCANOES IN THE NAME. Etna Hecla ....!"." ^^^^h Vesuvius Iceland Peak of Teneriffe l^^^^ Cotopaxi . . t^anaiy Islands Popocatajjeti Ecuador Mount Erebus T'"'''^" bouth Victoria 31 REMARKABLE ELEVATIONS. NAME. City of Quito g SITUATION. Ecuador HEIGHT ABOVE SEa. Convent St. Bernard; ; S«tzer]an,i ' W. g'S'* ^T Lake Titicaca Pp,.„ ^-,,] rj r '^^^^ JFarm of Antis^n, ^11^'''^ ^^^^^'^^ • • • • 12,705 '- Mount Everest H ma Lva 11^^^^ " Mont Blanc Aim ^ ^9,000 - ^^I'^ 16,750 - ESTIMATED POPULATION AND AREA NAME. British Empire 20f) NATIONS. POPULATION. ,000,000 OF IMPORTANT AREA IN 5,500,000 SQ. MILES. ^"•^"^ 31,000 000 . . 'iTdnn ••'I'ance 40 onn Viaa Ko.OOO Clnited States \r:TA'^. ■ 213,000 States Chinese Empire .... Dominion of Canada 50,000,000-... 3-i5o'onn 350,000 000 ..;■•• ?' 50'00 4^000,000 .\\' 2;80o;00; CHIEF EXPORTS OF IMPORTANT COUNTRIES Ureat Britain .... n,..^i • ^^'^^' "°^^' "machinery, ships, hardware, are France .... ^. ^'«**«ns, woollens, linen, earthen w. United States' .' ." ww ^''^''\\ ^^^^s, gloves, fruits Russia ... ^^'f *' ^^"/^ *^"iber, cotton, tobacco China . ^r'^^""^ *^^^«^^'' •^^oi'". flax, wheat Brazil . ; : p f ' ''°"^"' porcelain, lacquered ware Spain ^otton, sugar, coffee, dye woods, diamonds \e-^, ^^"ve oil, wines. rRi'suij^ ipni->.l -,. Dominion of Canada' ' .' ; ; ; ' ' w, "a" ' fl'l^r ?'/™7' ■'^T^""* "iieat. Hour, oatmeal, timbei-, sliips PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. Aar (air) Aboukir, ab-oo keer' Achil, ak'il Aden, ad'en Adrianople, (-o'ple) Af-ghan-is-tan' Agulhas, a-gooryas Ajaccio, a-yat'cho Aland, a'land Albany, awl'ban-y Alderney, awl'der-ny A-Jep'po A-leu'tian (she-an) Algiers, al-jeerz Alleghany (gay-ny) Altai, al-ti' Amherst, am'ei-st * Amour, a-moor' Anadir, an-a-deer' Anani, a nam' Andes, an'-dez Anglesey, ang'gl-sea An-nap'o-lis Antilles, an-teelz' Aral, aral Archangel, ark-ainjel Ar-kan'sas Ar-ran As-sin'ni-boine As-tra-kan' Assumption, as-soom-shun' Az'-of A-2ore3' B Badajos, bad-a hos Baikal, bi'kal Balearic, bal-e-ar'ic Balize, ba-leez' Balkan, bal-kan' Bar-cel-o'na Baton Rouge (roozh) Behring, bee'ring Belle Isle, bel-ile' Beloochistan (chis-tan') Benares, ben-ar'ez Benin, ben-een' Berbice, ber-beece' Bingen, bing-n Bergen, berg'en (g hard) Bologna, be-lone'yah Bonnechere, bun shahr' Bonifacio (fah'cho) Bordeaux, bordo' Brahmapootra (poo'tra) Bras-d'Or, bra-dohr' Brazil, brazeel' Breslau, bres'law Buda, boo'dah Buenos Ayres, bwa-nos-i'res Cagliara, kal'ya-re Cairo, kie'ro (Egypt) Cairo, kay-ro (United States') Calais, kal'is • Calumet, kaKu-met Cambridge, kaim-brig' Car-ib-be'an Castile, cas-teel' Ca-toche' Cawn-pore' Cayenne, kie-en' Ceph-a lo'ni-a (-low) Cevennes, say-ven' Chaleur, sha-lehr' Cha'gres Chaudiere, show-de-air' Cheviot, chev'i-ot Chili, chee'lee Chiloe, chee-lo-ay' Christiana, kris-ti-a'na (long a) Chuquisaca, choo-ke-sak'a Cinque, sink Cognac, kon-yak' Coglona, ko-Jon'ya )flogne, ko-lone' Condi, kon'day Connaught, con'nawt Connecticut, con-net'i-cut Copenhagen, ko-pen-]mig'en Corfu, kor-foo' ^ Coruna, ko-run'na Costa Rica, kos'ta re'ka Cote d'Or, kot-dor' Co-to-pax'i Coulonge, koo-lonzh' Crecy, kressy Cronstadt, kron'stat CuJ oden, cul-Jo'den Cyclades, sik'Jadez I>ahl, dal I>Hntzic, dant'zik Darnstadt, daui'stat I>e]hi, del'le i . ^n Delhi de]'hie(United,States) Deni-bea "^ ^es Chatz, deh-shah' ^es Moines, de-moin' J->iei>pe, dee-ep' Dnieper, nee'per Dniester, nees'ter Don 1-0, doo'ro Drogheda, drog'eda Drontheim, don'tinie Dubuque, du-book' Dundalk, dun-dawk' Duquesne, dun-kan' E Ecuador, ek-wa-dore' Edinburgh, ed'in-bur-)o Elbe, elb El 'gin (g hard) Erie, e're Erin Esquimaux^ ep/ke-tjiow Es-se-qui'bo, (-kee) Eylau, i-jau Earoe, fah^ro 3 ^O^f^C^Aro VOCABULARY, 33 Fiji, fee'ji Finisterre, fin-is-ter' Fon-te-noy' Frio, free'o' tra-Jap'a-gos CaJaz, ga-lats' ^ Gal-Jip'o-Ii Cnronne, ga-rone' Caspe, gas'pe Gatineau, gat-e-no' Geno'a Gysers, gi'sers (g hard) Ghauts, gawts Gib-ral'tar Glom'men Gloucester, glos'ter Gott'iand G.aoios-a-Dios,gras-e-ass-a-dee'oce orreenwich, green'ij Guardafui, gar-daf-we -^ Guayaquil, gwi-a-keel' ^ Guiana, ge-a'na(g hard) XT H Haerlem, har'lem Hague, haig . Hainan, hie'nan Harwich, har'ij Haute, hot Havre, ha'vr Heb'ri-dees Heri-go-land Hertford, har'ford (England) Hertford, hert'ford (U g ) Him-a-lay'a **■ '' Hin-dos-tan' Ho'bar-ton Holstein, hol'stine Hon-o-lu'lu Hue, Hoo-a' Huni'ber Ill-i-nois' In-dian-ap'o-lis In'dus I'o-wa i 34 PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY, Ir-ra-wtid'y Ise, e'zer Ivica, i-vee'sa T - ^ o a-raai ca Japura, ha-pu'ra Jassy, yas'se Java, jah'vR Jel-a-la bad/ Je'na Ju'aii Fer-nan'dez K Kam-tchat'ka Katrine, kay- trine Ke-]at' Ken-ne-bec' Khartoora' Khiva, keeva Kief, kee-ev' Kin-car'dine Kirkudbright, kirk'-koo'bre Kos-ci-us'ko L Laaland, law'Jand Labra-dor^ La Chine, ]a-cheen' La Plata, ]a-plah'ta Leicepter, les'ter Leinster, lin'^ter Leipsic, lipe'sik Lev 'en Leyden, li'dn Liege, lee-ije^ Lima, lee^ma Lip^ar-i Llannos, lan'os Lo-fo^den Loire, Iwar Loo-choo^ Lough Erne, lok'ern Luck-now^ Lutzen, loot^sen Lyons, liWz M Ma-cas'sar Madeira, ma-dee Va Madras' Madrid' Maelstrom Mng-an et'a wan Ma-gePlan Maggiore, ma-jo'ra Ma-jor'ca MaMar MalVlives Malplaquet, mal-plak'a Malta, mawPta Man-iria Man-i-to'ba Maracaybo, mar-ik'bo Ma-rit'za (sa) Mar'mo-ra Marseilles, mar-salz Mar-ta-ban' Mas-sa.ehu'setts Mat-a-pan' Mauritius, (-ish'e-us Meaford, me'ford Mendocino, men-do-see'no Mer'thyr, TydVil Messina, rnes-see'na Metz, niets Meuse, muze MiPan Mi-nor'ca Miquelon, mik-e-lon' Miramichi, mir-a-mi-she Mobile, mo'beel Mol-daVi-a Mo-non-ga-he'la Mons, mongs Mont Blanc, mong-blang Mont-ealm' (-kam) Mon-te-ne*gro (-na') Mon-te Vid'eo Mont-mo-ren'cy Mont-pel'ier (-yer) Moray, mur're Mo-ie'a Mosquito, mos-ke'to Mozambique, mo-zam'beek' ^inhl, mool Munich, uui'nidk M.iiH'co-vy XT N ^ antes, nants -Nassau, nas'suw ^■a'tal ^eagh, nay ^euilly, nule-yee' ^Neiivvied, newVeed JNew'found-land ^ew Gi-e-na'da New Or'Je-ans ^gami, n'ga'me -Nice, neece ^i-co-bar' Niemen, nee'men ^iger, iii'ger Niphon, nee-fon Nip'is-sing Norwich, nor'rig ^ova Scotia (sko'she-a) Nov-go rod' O'by • ^ Oceana, o-she-an'a Ochil, o'kil 0-des'sa Oeland, oo'Jand Oese], oo'sel Ok-hostk' Onega, o-nee'ga On-on-da'ga Or'e-gon 0-ri-no'co Ork'neys Or'Je-ans Or 'muz Or'te-gal- Os-tend' Oswego, os-weeVo -vcdieuc, o ta-hite Oudenarde, oud'nard Ourai, oo'ral Ouse, ooz P^_Om^GJArG VOCABULARY. Pad'u-a Palatine, jml'a-teen -t^rtl-eiD-bang' Pa-ler'mo Pa'los (a as in far) Pan-a-ma' Pap'u-a Pai'-a-quay' Par-a-mar'i-bo Par-a-na' (-naw) Pa 'ri-a (a as in for) Panma, pa-i-ee'nia Pavia, /)a-veri'a Peiho, jue'ho Pt-'-king', or Pe-kin' Pem'bi-na Pembroke, pem'bruk -re-nob'scot Pesth, ])est Pe-fcchee-]ee' Phi-lip'pines Pil-co-ma'yo Pisa, pee'za Jiymouth, plim'outh Poitieis, poi-teerz' Pol-y-ne'sia (-ne'she-a) ^ompeii, pom-pe'i Porto Rico, por'to ree'co -t^o-to mac Potosi, po-to-see' Prussia, j)rush'a Pruth, prute Pnn'tas Are'nas (-ray) Pyrenees, pi'renees Quito, kee'to Racine, ra'coen RaJeigh, raw'Je RamilJies, ram-il-ees' Keichstadt, rike'statt Rei'ki-a-vik *'1 I.- If 36 PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. Rev'el Rheims, reemz Bichelieu, reesli'loo Rideau, ree'clo Riga, ree'ga Riobamba, ree-o-bain'ba Ri'o Grando Rio Janiero, ree'o-ja-nay'ro Res-ti-gouche' Ro-an-oke' Ro-clielle' Ro-nia'ni-a Rouen, roo-awng' Ronssillon, roo-sil'yong Ru'gen (g hard) Russia, rusb'a Rutland Ryswick, ris-wik S Sabine, sa-bene' Saghalien, sa-gha-lee'en Saginaw, sag'in-aw Saguenay, sag'nay Sahara Said, side St Augustine, au-gus-teen'' St. Ber'nard St. Croix, kroix or krwa St. Cyr, sang'see^' St. Domingo, do-ming'go St. Ger'main St. Pierre, peer Salado, sal-aw'do Sal-a-nian'ca Salisbury, salz'ber-re Sam-ar-cand' San Ju'an San'ta Fe San-ti-a'go Sas-katch'a-wan Sault, soo Schuyler, sky-ler Schuylkill, bkool'kill Scilly, silly Scutari, skoo'ta-ree Sedan' Seine, sane , Sen'i-ca Seychelles, say-shalz' Shat'ul Arab Shumla, shoom'la Si-er'ra Mo-re'na (nay) Sinope, sin'o pe Sioux, se-oo So-co'tra Solferino, sol-fo-ree'no So-mau'li Son-o'ra Soudan, sou-dan' Spey, spay Spitz-berg'en (g hard) Stamboul, Stam-bool' Stat'en Is'land (stat'te) Stromboli, strom'bo-lee Stuttgard, stoot'gard Syracuse, sir'a-cuse T Tadousac, tad-oo-sac' 'L'ahiti, ta-he'ti Ta-nan-a-ri'voo (-ree) Tapajos, ta-pa'yos Tar'anto Tarifa, ta-ree'fa Tasmania, tas-niay'ni-a Te-he-ran' Te-haun'te-pec' Ten'e-rifFe Ter-ra-del Fuego (fway'go) Terre Haute, tar-hote' Tet-u-an Thames, temz TheisB, tice Thibet, te-bet' Thiers, tee-ar' Tira-buc'too Tocantins, to-can-teens' Tonquin, ton-keen' Topayos, to-pi'yos Tor'ne-a ToVes Ve'dras (vay) PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 37 Tortuga, tor-too'ga Toulon, too-long' Toulouse, too-Iooz^ Tours, toois Ti-a-filgar* Trieste, tre-est' Trin-i-dad Trip'o-li Troyes, twra Tula, too'la Tyrol, tir'ol U Ucayale, u-cay-a'le Uls'wa-ter U'mea Ural, oor'al Uruguay, (-gwa') Utrecht, u'trekt V Valais, va-lay' Valdai, val'day Valois, val-wa' Vancover, van-coo' ver Vaudreuil, vo-drool' Ven-e-:zue'la Ve-ra Cruz, (-crooz) Verniizo, ver-may'ho Versailleb, vor-sales' Vosges, vozh W Wal-den'ses Walachia, wal-lay'ke-a Wa'ter-loo VVen'ner VVeser, woe'zer We&t'niin-ster Woy, way Wid'din Wight, wite Windsor, win'zer Win'ni-peg Woolwich, wool'ij Worcester, woos'ter Wy-o'niing X Xalapa, ha-la'pa Xeres, hay-res' Xingu, shin-goo' Y Yakoutsk, ya-kootsk' Ya-mas'ka Yang'tse-ki-ang' Yed'do Yenikale, yen-i-kawlay Yen-i see' Yu-ca-tan' Z Zan-gue-bar' Zan'te Zurie, zu'rik Zuyder Zee, zov'der zee EXAMINATION PAPERS. FOR FOURTH CLASS PUPILS. Time, Ih hours. \. Define: Ecliptic, EKtuary, Watershed, Zone, Planet, Oasis, Lati- tude, Crater, Aborigines, Cardinal Points. 2. A vessel sails from Calcutta to London ; what countries does she pass, and throuj^h what bodies of water does she sail 1 3. Name the Mountains Ranges of Asia, and the Rivers of the Southern Slope. 4. Bound New Brunswick, France, Siberia, and United States. 5. Name the States of which the Mississippi forms part of the boundary. 6. Which of the Lakes of North America form pai*t of the Southern boundary of the Dominion ? 7. Name the Counties and County Towns of Ontario, west of the meridian of Hamilton. 8. What, and where are : Singapore, Aden, Suez, Palermo, Oporto, Finland, Genoa, Clyde, The Minch, Quito, Tehauntepec, Race, Va- lentia, Ararat, Wrath, Goa, Kandalaska, Fraser, Nootka, Collingwoodi 9. What is the Latitude and Longitude of the North Pole ] 10. Name the Straits and Channels of Europe, and tell what bodies of water they connect and the Countries which they separate. 11. Name and locate the principal Lakes of Africa and A§iia. 1 2. Draw a map of Europe, inserting the Rivers, Lakes, and Capital Cities. NUMBER TWO. Time, Ih hours. 1 . Tell the meaning of Isthmus, Peninsula, Republic, Promontory, Prairie, Glacier, Meridian, Tropic of Cancer, Degree, Horizon, 2. Name the Political Divisions of South America with their capitals. 3. Name the Countries of Europe that border on the Mediterranean. 4. What is the width of the Torrid Zone in English miles ? 5. How can a vessel make its way from Montreal to Chicago 1 6. Name twenty Mountain Chains in the Eastern Hemisphere, with the position and direction of each. 7. Name and state the positions of the principal Peninsulas of Asia. 8. What countries in the world lie wholly or partly within the Torrid Zone] 9. What bodies of water bound the following Peninsulas : Asia Minor, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Jutland, Morea ] EX A MIX A TIOX PA PERS. 39 Madeim? ' ^^'-^"'^"PJ'S «vvHn, Hidney. Auckland. Aar, Theiss, Cities, and on eacli boundary Lak.5 and River write its name. NCTMBER THREE. Time, \h hours. ^1' V'""^ ^]«e8 each of the following terms mean: Stepne, Desert '^l:Z.^'i-^ ''"''' '-- ^-^- ^- ^^^'-^Bank, A^: Degre?i7vlrdf """" "' '' ""^^ " ''' '^^^"^«' ^^^ *»- ^-^^^'^ «f ^ 3. Name the Counties of Ontario bordering on the River St Law- rence, and the County Town of those bordering on the Ottawa. CrL w"'. S"-;""'''' °'" '-^"''""^^ *^"'''"«'^ ^^^^^'^ the main line of the ariS^fsroTfoSr ••"^' "^ ^^^ ''- ^''^-'^^ «-^^-« - ^^^ 6. Name all the New England States that border on the Atlantic. similaA ' ' '^'^^''^' ^'"^ Continents of North and South America 8. Name the British possessions in Africa with their capitals. J. ^ame and locate the principal volcanoes in the world W. JXame at least two cities on each of the following rivers —Mis- sissippi, Danube, Volga, St. Lawrence, Thames. ° 11. /What and where are: Lomond, Ben Nevis, Lyons Venice BirRocr M '^""'' ^T^^^'- ^'^^•^^^^'' H-^-erfest,' Du'ndee, cintoi:; Bass, Roca, Maggiore, Silistna, Suncoe, Wight, Laaland, Lena, Manil positions of the principal rivers that empty into it. NUMBER FOUR. Ti»v.rt 11 V^. a Tii ^^r""^ the following terms : Axis, Tributary, Strait, Cliff, Colony, Asia ^^t' xt""^'^' ^^*^e«^^^^ical Geography, Lava, Eclipse. ^' -. ^ame the Principal Rivers of Ontario, and tell where they empty. ^. Ihrough what waters would you sail in going from Vienna to Paris ? 40 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 4. Name the chief Tributaries of the Amazon, the St. Lawrence, the Danube, the Parana and the Mississippi. , 5. Mention the Countries, with their Capitals, partly bounded by the Pacific Ocean. 6. Name the Capes, Straits, Gulfs and Bays on the Atlantic Coast ol North America. 7. State the position of each of the following Islands, and name the Government to which it belongs : Cosica, Anglesea, Trinidad, Ceylon, Cuba, Greenland, Walpole, Sardina, Heligoland, Nii)hon. 8. What is there remarkable in respect to the Caspian and Aral Seas % 9. Name the Countries of Europe that have no sea coast. 10. Mention the Gulfs and Bays, Rivers and Chief Cities of Australia. 11. A crow flies in a straight line from Cape Lopatka to St. Peters- burg : name in order the rivers crossed. 12. Draw a map of North America that will show the positions of the Mountain chains, the Lakes, and the Cities of London, Albany, New Orleans, San Francisco, Chicago. NUMBER FIVE. Time, li hours. 1. Define: Isthmus, Promontory, Beach, Bay, Inlet, Sound, Road- stead, Strait, Zone, Tropic. 2. Name and give the boundries of the Zones. What determines the two Tropics and the two Polar Circles 1 3. Define : Latitude, Longitude, First Meridian. What is the great- est latitude a place can have 1 The greatest longitude 1 Why 1 4. Give the boundaries of Asia and the relative positions of its chief political divisions. 5. What other European powers besides Great Britain have a foot- hold in India, and what place does each possess] 6. What important rivers flow into Asiatic Seas that have no outlet ? 7. Name twelve of the principal Grand Trunk stations in Ontario. 8. By what railways can you travel from Chatham to Collingwood? 9. Give, with their boundaries, the political divisions of North America. 10. Name the principal rivers, the great mountain chains, and the largest cities between Siberia and the Indian Ocean. 11. JSame the Provinces which form the Dominion, with the capital and chief exports of each. 12. Sketch a map exhibiting the leading physical features of the Continent of Europe. EXAMINATION PAPERS. 41 mce, the d by the ic Coast iiime the Ceylon, •al Seas 1 nstralia. , Peters- itions of fiy, New NUMBER SIX. Time, li hours. 1. Define : Equinox, Great Circle, Steppes, Inlet, Capital, Plateau, Physical Geography, Absolute Monarchy, Beach, Roadstead. 2. What and where are Aral, Wight, St. Louis, Tweed, Lepanto, Cayenne, Bengal, Hong Kong, Warsaw, Aguthas 1 3. State the form of government of France, li^gypt, Cuba, Switzer- land, Bengal. 4. What are the political divisions of South America'? What are the natural divisions of North America 1 5. Where do the following Rivers rise : Mississippi, Rhine, Rhone Nile, Nelson ? n » , , 6. Name the principal Cities on the Atlantic Coast of the United States. 7. Name the principal Sea Ports of the Dominion. 8. Name the Rivers flowing South through Asia and the waters into which they empty. 9. Name, in order, the Rivers, Capes and Mountains of Europe. 10. Name the principal Mountain Ranges North of the Equator. 11. What are the principal Rivers of South America? 12. Draw a JVfap of Ireland, marking Dublin, Cork, Belfast. J, Road- termines he great- 1 its chief e a foot- 3 outlet 1 Ontario, ngwood ? f North and the e capital of the NUMBER SEVEN. Time, Ih hours. 1. Define the following :— Zone, First Meridian, Glacier, Climate, Promontory, Clift; Meridian, Lake, Political Geography. 2. Name ten of the most important Stations on the Grand Trunk Railway. 3. Account for the Positions of the Bounding Lines of the Zones. 4. Account for the Great Floods on tlie Red River in the Spring. 5. Give the boundaries of Africa and name its Countries. 6. Name the flivisions of Australia with their Chief Cities. 7. Name the Maritime Provinces of the Dominion. 8. Name the important Rivers in the United States and tlie Chief Cities on their banks. 9. Where do we get : Sugar, Tobacco, Iron, Rice, Canned Salmon, ^ Olir^'» 11 ^Q T? a i ci n e O vq ti ctckG 'Pi Y\ 10. Name the American States east of the Mississippi, with the Capital of each. 11. What are the Chief Towns of France? Germany? 12. What are the lines usuallv drawn on Globes? I ^^ EXAMINATION PAPERS. NUMBER EIGHT. Time, li hours. 1. Name the Mediterranean Sea Ports of France, Spain, E^ypt _ 2. State the Latitude and Longitude of: Toronto, London, Montreal, New York, Quebec. ' 3. What and where are: Liverpool, Wight, Clear, Lyons, Venice, Biscay, Dover, Umea, Ottawa, Windsor? ^ ' 4. Name the chief Railways in Ontario. 5. From what countries do we obtain Opium, Coal Carpets, Silks, Salt, Cotton, Wine, Buffalo Robes? 6. Name, in order, the Political Divisions of Asia. Name the Islands in the Mediterranean. Name the Lakes and Rivers in Ontario. Write the names of the thirteen original Stages. Name the chief Lake Ports of Ontario. For what do you consider China remarkable ? 12. Draw a Map of Ontario, marking the location of: Goderich, Colhngwood, Sarnia, Toronto, Hamilton, Guelph, Kingston, St. Thomas Windsor, Clmton. ' I' Silver, Gold, 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. NUMBER NINE. Time, U hours. n \ ?'"'*; /i^ meaning of Ecliptic, Crater, Longitude, Watershed, Coast, Right Bank, Hill, River, Sound, Strait. 2. Name the important Mountain Ranges in the Southern Hemisphere. 3 Locate Boston^ Halifax, New Orleans, St. Louis, Meaford, Owen bound, Cayuga, St. Paul, Chicago, Detroit. 4. Name and locate some Colony of France. 5. Name the Provinces of the Dominion in order of size. 6. Name and give the boundaries of the Zones. 7. What Countries in South America are partly bounded by the xxtlantic. 8. Bound Mexico, France, Hindostan, Spain, Egypt. 9. By what railways can you travel from : ( 1 ) Goderich to Cayuga : (2) Barrie to Otta,wa : (3) Lindsay to St. Thomas : 10. What is Climate? How is it affected? T !"V:^J~^ ^■•''""'' "^ i-^P<5rtance would you see if you coasted round Jjake Ontario. 12. Draw a map of the Baltic marking the positions of the Chief Islands. 1. Basin 2. Trinic 3. Unite 4. bably 5. 6. 7. Wher 8. Hami 9. 10. Trunk 11. 12. the R] I: EXAMINATION PAPERS. 45 Montreal, 3, Venice, er, Gold, jroderich, Thomas, NUMBER TEN. Time, 1| hours. 1. Define Firth, Meridian, Mathematical Geography, Tide, Lava, Basin, Cape, Peninsula, Cave, Avalanche. 2. What, and where are Three Rivers, Avon, Corfu, Mersey, Trinidad, Stromboli, Leith, Glasgow, Tweed, Land's End. 3. Give the chief exports of Russia, Ontario, France, China, United States. 4. A vessel sails from, Montreal to Cuba. What will her cargo pro- bably be : (1) On her outward trip. (2) On her return trip? 5. Name and locate the important Volcanoes. 6. Bound Asia and name its important Rivers. 7. What Railways cross the main line of the Grand Trunk? Where do they cross? 8. What railways run into Toronto? London? St. Thomas? Hamilton ? Guelph ? 9. Name and locate the great North American Lakes. 10. What counties, in Ontario, west of Stratford, does the Grand Trunk run through ? 1 1 . Where is Salt found in Ontario ? 12. Dra • a Map of the United States, marking the Mountain Ranges, the Rivers, and ten important Cities. atershed, Southern d, Owen by the d round le Chief THK COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED, PRINTERS, COLBORNE STREKT, TORONTO. f i Al H I I m I 4 .^■*