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Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplimentaires; D D n D D IZl □ n D D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag6es Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restauries et/ou pelliculies Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d6color6es. tacheties ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages ddtachies Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualiti indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmdes A nouveau de fa^on A obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X vX f 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Tha copy filmed h«r« haa baan raproducad thanks to tha ganaroaity of: Library Division Provincial Archives of British Columbia L'axamplaira film* fut raprodult grAca h la ginArosltA da: Library Division Provincial Archives of British Columbia Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality poaslbia consldaring tha condition and lagiblllty of tha original copy and In Icaaping with tha filming contract spaciflcations. Las Imagas sulvantas ont At* raproduitas avac ^a plus grand soln, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da l'axamplaira filmA, at an conformity avac las conditions du contrat da flimaga. Original copias In printad papar covars ara filmad beginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion, or tha bacit covar whan appropriata. All othar original copias ara filmad beginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion, and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impression. Las exemplairas orlglnaux dont la couvertura en papier est ImprimAe sont fllmAs en commengant par la premier piet et en terminant soit par la darniAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impression ou d'illustratlon, soit par le second piet. selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplairas orlglnaux sont filmAs en commen9ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol ^»> (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END "), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ip cas: le symbols ^^- signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est film* A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Las diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ij--'V'«.^ r.r;... K'AV..,'-', •5JT? ^ '. _. ^__^ .: :^__ .1 1872, COLONIZATION CmCULAIt. ISSUED BY HER MAJESTY'S COLONIAL LAND No. 31.] 1872. AND EMIGRATION COMMIS'JIONERS. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. [Price 6d. CONTENTS. Emigration Commissioners - - . . . Emigration, and Immigration Officers, and Statistics Cost of Passages --_... Assistance to Emigrate ..... Demand for Labor, ^c, in the Colonies .... Cost of Provisions and Clothing - - - . Wages, Prices, and Miscellaneous .... Population, Revenue, and Expenditure ... Coolie Emigration to the West Indies and Mauritius Summaries, 3tc., of Latrs on Emigration ... „ „ Disposal of Crown Lands „ „ Professional Qualifications „ „ Naturalization of Aliens General Notices respecting certain Colonies ... Gold Mining ...... Climate ...... Privileges in acquisition of Land to Naval and Military Officers Index -..-,.. Page 2 4 5 17 20 23 28 46 6U 81 34 38 72 160 168 166 182 The information contained in this Number of the Colonization Circular .« been revised according to the latest Official Returns in the possession of the Commissioners. 8, Park Street, Westminster, May 187i. S. Walcoti'. t:( . t I i ! i i M i iy' 29486. EMIGRATION COMMISSIONERS, OFFICERS, AND AGENTS. [1872. Umivration OommisMion. Sm T. W. CLINTON MURDOCH. K.C.G.M. STKI'IIKN WAI-COTT, EMq..C.M.O. Assistant Swrytary. RICIIAUD B. COOPER, Ivjq. Oovemment Bmlonratlon Offloem Vnited Xingrdom. Staff Com. I'orstir, 11.N. - <'B|)t. WcMtlirook. R.N. •) As«Ut Ijiciit. Hcoiicc, I.N. - •> niitH, Com. StiindliiidKU, R.N. •) Adininil Kerr . . . - Com. Koiircliicr. R.N. Com. (ic-vry, R.N. Coin. ISl. Auliyii, R.N. Lieut. H.J. RdwanlH, LN Com. Hobl.vii, R.N. - Assl.tt- aiil8, RolM!it Eviitt, Dmi. • Capt. StoU, RN., I'l.YMorTir. J tn tixe LoM>ON (Olllrf, Oj. Pi'iiclnirch- Hlrcct). LiVKKrOOL (Olllcc, Stanlcy- Imildinm. l!atli-«trfut). Capt. Mackenzie, R.N., (Ji.asoow and OllEE^ocK. Com. (iil)l)(mN, li.N., Cokk, .Vc •iJni)t. (ioilKll, R..N'.. I.iiNnoNDHIMtY. Tlieso olllcent tu-i uniler tlic immediate directions of tlie KmiKrntion ConniiixMionei-M. TIk; foliowinK i» a 8U nninr.v of tlu-ir duties : — They jmM'iire, and nivosc, they sec tliat all liKroementH between Nliip-owners, a^entH, or m«.sterM, and intending emigrants are duly iicrformed. They aliio ttvvi that the nrovisitms of the 'assengon*' Acts are Ntrietly complied with ; viz., that nassengiT-vcHseU are Hoa-worth.v, that they have on Imard a Nulllcient supply of provisions, water, medicines, Ac, and that they sjiil with proper punctuality. They attend personally at their olliees on every wwk day, and nll'ord Kratnitously nil the a.ssistance in their power to protect intcmdlng emignints ogsiinst fraud and !ni|K>sition, and to olitnin reilre>-\V. J. WlLls, Esq. KaHway Station -) • Kingston - - - R. MTiiKUSOir, Esq. Toronto • - - John A. Donaldson, Esq. Hamilton • • - R, H. Rae, Esq. North- West Territory J. A. N. ruovENCllB, Esq. Winniiun • • - (;iliikut M'Micken, Esq. ^^Miraiiiirni ... \\\ Wilkinson, Esq. R. Shives, Esq. St. John St. Andrew's • liathurst Valhousie - Richibucto • .Shediao - I The Deputy Treasurers at these Ports act a-s Agents for the present. Nova Scotia.— /Ta/i/h.- - - Edwin Clay, Esq. British Columbia.— No Agent; but B. W.Pea.-se, Esq., of Victoria, is managing the femnlo iuiniigration, NBWFOUNDLAND.— RODEUT Cakteii, Esq. In the other North American Colonies there are no Government Agents. West Indieb. Jamaica - - A. H. Alexanper Shaw, Esq., Acting Agent Oenerai. The Receiver General. James Crosby, Esq. Henky Mitchell, Esq., M.D. H. Tuollope, Esq., Insi^cctor of Imuiigrants. Bahamas British Ouiana Trinidad - St. Vincmt Grenada • St. Kitta . St l/ticia Sierra Leans St. Helena Mauritius- Falkland Islands Xatal Hbn RT Harpuu, Esq. J. H. Brown, Esq. Gkoror O. Munro, Esq. Superintendent of Police. — .M'LKon, Esq. John 8iiaw, Esq. Joiix Abiiwood, Esq., Emigration Ollhrr. CiiAKLKs Swain, Esq. The Hon. H. N. D. Beyts. The Colonial .Secretary. Natal. Henrkjub C. Siiepstone, Esq. Thomas Foster, Piotermarlti- hnrg, Secretary to the IminiKra- tion Board. Australian Colonies. Sjidneij - - - Gkoroe F. Wise, Esq. "'land'"-' '^T":} John McDonnell. Esq. W.H. Wiseman, Esq. R. B. Sheridan, Esq.,A88t.Ini.Agt. Western Wood, Esq., „ „ Lesley Ale.\. Moody, Esq. The Collector of Customs. Do. Do. Do. Do. Vacant. J. Perouson, Esq., M.D. J. F. Stone, I3sq. B. Tea VERS Solly, Esq. George Smith, Esq. Tobago • Antigua Ktickhampton Maryliorounh I'ltrt IteniKun McUmurne - (liiclony I'ortland Port Fairy • Port Albert • Wnrrnnmbool Adelaide Perth Premantle Hobart Town Launceslnn Auckland The duty of these oincers is to afford gratuitously to emigrants every lusistance in their power by way of advice and information as to the districts wliere cmi'iloy- ment can bo obtained most readily, and ujwn the m6st advantageous terms, and also as to the best modus of reaching such districts. The following gentlemen act a.s Special Emigration Agents in this country foi the several Colonial Go\ orn- lucnts from whom thoy hold appointments. rWM. Dixon, Esq., 11 Adam St.. Adcli)hi, W.C. Henry J. Larkin, Esq., 13, Eden Qnay, Dublin. Charles Foy, Esq.. 11, Clare- . niont Strci't, Belfast, f Fhas. S. Dutton, Esq.. Vi, Ot. ■ (. George St., Westminster, S.AV. The Right Honblo. Hcoii C. E. Childbrs, M.P., No. 8, Vic- toria Uhambcrs Victoria Street, Westminster. - 32, Clmring Cross, W.C. Dominion of Canada- South Auitralia Victoria • Queensland Kew Zealand { Calcutta Madras Bombay China C Dr.FEATiiEHsTON, 7, Westminster - •] Clianibcrs, Victoria Street, West- (. minster. - CiiAS. Monroe Ei.DBinoE, Esq. Hong Kong Emiobatton Agents in India, &o. (Mauritius.— C. Eales, Esq. British Guiana.- Henry A. FiRTir, Esq. GlSi;.}W.M.ANDBE80NEsq. I Trinidad, 7 Thornton Warneb, L St. Vincent; Esq. f Mauritius.— Dr. Conran. • \ West India Colonies not having (. Special Agents.— Dr. Conran. • Mauritius.— J. D. Freeman, Esq. f British Guiana,Trinidad,and Hondu- " (, ms.— Thbophilus Sahfson, Esq. - Henbt Gegob Tbousbtt, B.N. I CO C3 ' 2. J 872.] EMIGRATION FROM UNITED KINGDOM. CoLOKiAi. OrvicBBS who have undertaken to anbwbk, aa far as in their power, inqdibibs addrcasod to tliom, no8t paid, by penons in the United Kingdom, respecting their Fkibitdb or Bblatitbs in the Colon ikb. NoRTn Ambbica. Colony. (o of «t of [)U •n- lt.> en re- It. f. E. ic- «t. tcr mt- rir. t. injf du- Esq. Canada NiivK Scotin N«w liruimwiek Mewruuiidland liritUb Columbin Naw Bouth WrIm Vietona South Australia WMtcm Anttralla Mew Zealand - Toi mania (jneenaland Cape - - - KaUl - - . OIHcar. Addreii. Department of Agrioulture The Deputy Secietary The IniniiKrntion Ayent Timothy .MiU'hell, Kii|., i liiMievtur of I'olioe. \ The Culiinial 8pcrotary - , ACHTBAMA. The Coliininl Secretary - The C'iminiiiaioner of Trade and Customi. CommUiiiiiner ol Crown Land* « Immigration. The Immiftratlon Agent - The CnluniHl 8roretnry - The 8uperiniendent« of the Mveral I'rovlnoet. Chalrmnn ot' the county Uuunoil of WeitUnd. The Coliinlal Beeretary - The Iromigratiiin Agent - Aulit. Immigration Agent UttAwn. lliklifaXiMoTaSootia. St. John. 8t. John'). Victoria. Sydney. Melliourne. Adelaide. I'erlh. Auckland. EMiaaATION PROM THK UNITED KiNnDOM nuaiMQ THB 66 Year*, fkou 1815 to 1871 inclusive. Afbica. The Coliinial Secretary The Colonial Secretary HobartoWn. liriabana. llockbampton. AInry borough. I'urt DenUon. I Cape Town. I Natal. £mIORATION to THK SEVERAL AUSTRALIAN Colonies, fuom 1838*^to 1871^ I CO C2 o Total 10 years \ ISM 18.11 I8A3 ]8A» 18U IHK ISM 1HS7 18/18 i8ao Total 10 years I8fl0 IMl inu ]8«8 1864 inns 186(1 1867 IWM 1869 Total j 10 years I isrn 1871 Total I 34 years •< 3,661 4^» 12,786 10,678 14,(M7 l4,nso 9,810 10,379 7,214 fi,489 93,117 8,671 1/188 4,100 0,379 4,689 ifiti l,rl48 1,318 1,818 796 28468 1,'J43 966 .SOS 3,480 8,«7fl 10,330 7,188 12/U(1 6,054 4M «8S 3,318 24 31,803 43,439 109/180 81/)65 41,367 S3/)ni 42,605 S2/)73 34/S23 43,761 17,066 16,378 31,001 9,704 6/180 9,78(1 12,707 15,.122 18,08.1 12,721 17,311 18.2.U 15,10.1 S1,3IA 8,094 Total. 9/IHl 12/110 90/1.14 37,787 84,787 81,739 18/6)7 8(),42» 16,551) wm 14/tUt 8(l/)«0 88/HI3 86/>03 31,108 MjMrr 8,1,160 103,140 625,37 76,223 44,478 75,417 f3,0,M 8,1,';23 e?,807 9J,743 118/92 138/144 57,313 70/186 91,501 189/151 858,370 848ri89 390,408 8HO/140 asuflm 868,764 829,0.17 323,420 176/107 176/5,'^ 313,875 113,078 120,4.13 128,469 91,770 121,214 233,758 206,900 900/101 204,883 105,918 196,335 358,037 356,940 853,435 IflMfiia Arerage Annual Emigration ) From 1815 to 1870 - • 137,475 flrom the United Kiiuplom j For the 10 yean endlnf 1871 813/183 * The Customs Returns do not record any Emigration to Australia during these 10 years, but it appears mm otbtr sonrees that there went out in 1831, nO; In 1888, 875; In 1818, 543 1 In 1894, 780 (and in 1835, 458 persona. These numb«ri bare not baeu laeluded in the Totals of tUs Table. * Before 1888, the Retnnu do not distlngnisb to which of the Australian Colonies the KmigranU proceeded. ... t Prior to the lOth Deeenber 1859 this Colony formed part of Mew South Wales ; tbe nuiuuers therefure lor Queensland are includa«i m those under the head of New South Wales up to the end uf 1850. 1 718 of this number emigrated to the Australian Colnnie* itenerally. the colony not lioinff diatiniiulshed. { In Mia Emigration Commissioners General Ucport for 1847, the Eraiicratiun to t!ie Anatralian Colonies for 1846 is stated ^ 9,877 ; in their mbeewent report* as 8,847. Tbe additional 70 hare been inuluded liei-c under itiia head. _ ^ ^ COST OF PASSAGES. [1872. I'iioBAHLK Cost or Pabsaoes from the United Kingdom to the British Colonies AND Ameuica. CABIN. INTERMEDIATE. _ , 8TERRAGE. flalHiif Hbipa. Hteamers. HaiUng Shipi. Steaman. gailliv Hhlpa. Steamars. QOHIO - - - l/)ndon - - - I'lynioutli - - Liverpool - - - OInigow - . - (;ork - - - - Ijondonderry - - lil. to 181. IM. 182. 182. 1S2. llSa. to 182. 18a. 1.S2. Lla. U2.1Aa. to 182. 18a. 182. in*. 82. to 122. 132. 122. 92. 02. 92. as. (a) 92.6a. 42. «2. 62. 62.6a. 62 6a. 72. Ha. 62.6*. NEW ii»DKiwic« .{ {j";i'j{*„"„, : : ; lit. 132. 13a. 92. to 102. «— 82. 62."^. ( I.ondon - - - HAurA, — h'r.s;^:?'(-n,je): 1 Cork (Queenitown) Ul. lJi2. ISa. to 222. 2a. 11(2. l.'U. 1/12. lAa. to 212. 18a 92. to 102. iTi. 82. 92."^. 62. 6a. 62. ea. 82. 10a. 301. 1 London (Vin New nwTlBllCoLt/MBiA J?i!;„,,^f i^ ( a*d»y»- - - i Ml. ina. 632. Fare ft-oi 262. ISa. iitr«riei Im- V, perinlea Co.) SOI. 1 ) 682. 802. 802. 652. — 182. Cbtu>N - - London - - - m. — asi. — — — HOMCKONO - -}tJ,"e*°"K.i: : : nil. lOa. 822. toi. 302. — r AlBLAND I«ANDe .ondon - - - sot. 0S2. (6) W. 432. Ida. (») 202. 382. 10a. (&) 1 London - - - Y.0T0..A - -^irSh' -■ - ( Olasfrow - - - Ml. not. m. 602. to 712. 632. t» 782. «(i2. to.7«2. tsi. 312. 2S2. 302. (o) 3fi2.to802. 2A2. to 302. su.toaoi. ISl. 1«. IRl. 142. 152. 15(. to 162. 16*. 151. 15*. to 16L 16*. (London _ - - New Sooth Wales { Lire. . ~ )1 - - - ( Plymouth - - Ml. m. sot. (c) asi. • 302. 362. (c) 102. 182. 1«. (c) (London - - - SonTii AU8T»ALiA.{ LlTerpo<4 - - - I Plymouth - - SOI. SOi. col. (0 3«2. 362. (c) 152. 192. 152. M QDBENStAUD -iP?,moUth - - SOI. SOI. (c) 3S2. SS2. (c) 151. 151. M TAtMANlA - London - - - sot. (c) iSl (c) 152. to 181. (c) TBALIA I.iondon - - - New Zealand -< Liverpool - - OIiuKOw - - - 421. to 802. (c) 202. to 3SI. (c) 182. to 902. (e) 422. to 802. A02. 862. ISa. - 332. to 282. 172.1a) ^" 162. to 902. 162.-to 182. 152. ™" r London - - - Liverpool - - - Niw Yoke - -< GImkow - - - 1 Londonderry - - VCork (Queenstown) NEWOBLEAN. -{&oS5'e-rry- I Boston - - Cork - . - - 102. to 122. 122. 12a. 102. 322. 1S2. 122. 13a. to 332. 12a. 182. 13a. 182. 18a.tol62. 16a. 122. 13a. to 182.182. 132. 13a. to 182.18a. C2. to 82. 42. lo7. (a) 6I.10>. 122. a. 82. 8a. (a) 92. 9a. 92. 9a. 42. 42. 42. 6276*. 62. 62. 6*. 62.6*. 62. 6a. 62. 6a. 62. 6*. From tbenoe to Qal- reiton,30*. 62.6*. l...,LAD«LPH.A -■{JiKdU- - 102. — 42. 10a. — 42. •2. 13*. 62. 13*. Califobnia - - London - - - Sit. ISt. — "~ — — iVnte.— The Fareit include provisiona, but not usually wines or Bplrits. Cabin and intermediate pastenserB in itesmere are uauolly •upplled by tlic uliip with bedding and table necessaries : but ir Bailing ships, with table neoessariea only. Stterage psuengers in stpjuners ami in siiilinK ships have to provide their own bedding and mess uteiisiU . Half faroit are usually charged for children between the ages of 1 and 8 in stt'amere, and between 1 and IS in Miling (hips to the British ('olonles. (a) Without beddine or table neeesiaries. (6) No stiaiiicrs direct. I'.y steamer t» Montevideo and thence by mail schooniir (sailing ship) to Falkland*. (c) No sti-nmers direct. By steamer to Slelbourne, fares ns above, thence by inter-colonial steamers. Fares from Melbourne by steamer to Adelaide, Saloon «J. fia., 2ad Cabin 3J. 3».;-to Ilobarton, Saloon 4/. 10a., J?oro Cabin 1/., and to Sydney, Cabin St. Steeram IJ. 10s. Saloon 61., ^^teamers to Queensland vlA Sydfi:!y. 372. 1872.] FREE AND ASSISTED PASSAGES. 4) U.16(. me*. 'om Gal- the I. lOi. FREE AND ASSISTED PASSAGES. Thk only coloniei which at prewnt promote iin- migration fVom the United Kingdom by meant of their public funds are Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, tome of the provinces of New Zealand, and the Canadian Dominion. The system on which assistance is aflbrdcd varies in each colony, as more fully explained below. Victoria.— Immigration into the colony, at the expense of the colonial funds, is governed hi regu- lations issued by the local government ui Mel- bourne, on the 16th June 1870, amended by regula- tions dated llth October 1871. PoMiage WarranU, — Resident* in the colony, by making the subjoined payments to the Colonial Go- vernment, may obtain what arc called " Passage Warrants" for the introduction of their relatives and fnends. Sex. Under IS 7ean. Between 15 and 40. 40 yean and upward*. jTor each Male For eaeh Female * 4 8 < 8 4 8 These payments are at the maximum rates fixed by the Colonial Immigration Statute, 1864, 87 Vict. No. 195. The passage warrants are valid for 9 months only, after the date of their issue in the Colony, and in certain cases arc transferable with the previous sanc- tion of the Agent General for Victoria. The persons named in the passage warrants or their transferees are provided with free passages from this country by the Colonial Agent, whose address is No. 8, Victoria Chambers, Victoria Street, West- minster, S.W, No other emigrants are at present assisted to emigrate to this colony. Nbw South Walks. — The Emigration Commis- sioners grant free passages to single female domestic servants of good character not exceeding 35 years of age, and to a limited number of married agri- cultural labourers with not more than one child under four years of age. Passages can also be granted to certain classeit of married mechanics on payments varying with age and sex from \l. to 8/. for each person. South Australia. — Free and assisted emigration to this colony is suspended. Queensland. — Emigration to Queensland is regu- lated by " The Immigration Act, 1869." At present female servants are provided with free passages. To a limited extent farmers and farm labourers may obtain passagfs without prepayment on con- dition of signing an undertaking to repay the Colo- nial Government the cost of their passages within 24 months after arrival in the colony. Shepherds, mechanics connected with railways and the bulling trades, and such other classes as may be approved by the Agent General, are eligible for assisted passages, u|K)n payment of 8/. before em- barkation, and giving an undertaking to pay to the colonial government the balance of the passage money, computed at the rate of 16/. per statute adult, within 12 months atVer arrival. Colonial nominees are provided with passages upon payments, ranging from 4/. to 8l, made to the im- migration agent at Uritbane by residi-nt colonists, who also undcruke to puy the balance within 18 months after the arrival of their nominees. The following is the scale of payments in Colony for nominated passages :— the Moles. Female*. A«ea. Amount of Depotit. Amount 11 Month! after Arriral. Amount of Uepoilt. Amount payable 11 Month* after Arriral. Under It veart - 13 yn. and under U a» „ , 44 Above 4S 7ean - t :d. 4 6 n H t : d. 4 10 10 8 t f. d. 4 4 6 8 « •. d, 4 11 10 8 N.B. Children under 12 months old will be taken free, but no land orders will be issued on their account. In return for these paynents the nominor will receive an order for the selection of 40 acres of land for each person 12 veors of age and upwards, and 20 acres for each child between the ages of 1 and 12 years, subject to conditions of residence, cultivation, &c. Subject to the same conditions, orders for the selection of land are granted to free and assisted passengers upon payment of their undertakings. The Act also provides for the hiring in Europe, through the agents of the colony, of mechanics, la- bourers, or servants, for two yerrs, on behalf of employers in the colony. In such ca8<>*. the persons hired are required to give an undertaking to repay to the colonial government, within 24 months of their arrival, 16/., or where an assisted passage is granted 8/. per adult for their passage; and the employers are required to endorse on that under- taking a guarantee for the payment, should the im- migrant make default therein. If the employer has to make the payment, he will be entitled to receive the order for the selection of land to which the immigrant would otherwise have been entitled, but without the conditions of residence, &c., imposed upon the immigrant. Applications for free or assisted passages are to be addressed to the colonial agent, Mr. James Wheeler, 32, Charing Cross, London, S.W. Tasx^nia. — To this Colony the assisted emigra* tion is carried on by means of "Bounty Tickets," which are procurable in the Colony. The following, taken from the Government Notice, issued in Hobart Town under date 1st January 1868, shows the scale of payments, and the conditions under which the " lk>unty Ticitets '' ore granted. c FREE AND ASSISTED PASSAGES. [1872. Paymentt requireil from Applieantt, For a family ticket, including a man and hit vvifv, with all thvir children under 12 year* of age at the time of embarkation - - XIS For a ticket fur a single female - - £5 For a ticket for a single male - - £10 All children of 12 yeiirit of age or upwards at embarkation are to be considered as adults, and muHtcach have n separate single ticket. No ticket will be issued for the introduction of any "single" ncriion above the age of liO years at the time of sailmg of the vessel from the United Kingdom unless upon payment of IG/., and docu- mentary evidence of the ago of any immigrant must be produced, when required, to the satisfaction of the Immigration Agent upon the immigrant's arrival in the Colony, otherwise the person intro- ducing such immigrant will be liable fur the whole of the iiaHsage money. In the case of familiuH, if the parents or either of them are over the age of 60 years at the time of sailing, the di-]H)sit to be made by the person pro- curing the ticket will be 20/. The " engagement " set out in the Boutit;' Ticket must be signed by the emigrant (for himiel'f and family), agreeing not to leave Tasmania within four years after arrival without having previously paid lo the Immigration A^ent at Hobart Town or l.nunceston one-fourth oi the whole cost of the paxsage money for every year wanting to complete four years residence in the Colony, and a pro- portionate sum for every part of u year. I'erscms who introduce immigrants under these regulations muNt provide for their rcce|ition on arrival. By an Act passed on the 11th October 1867 (31st Vict. No. 26) the Hoard of Immigration arc autno- rized to ap|H)int Agents in Kurope for the selection of emigrants, such Agents to grant to any approved emigrant who haH not ])reviously resided in the Colony, and who proceeds direct from Europe to Tas- mania, and who pays the full cost of the passage of himself or any other )>erson being a member of his own family, u Land Urder Warrant which shall entitle the holder to receive on his arrival in theColony a Land Order of the nominal value of 18/. for each emigrant of the age of 15 years and upwards, and U/. for each child between the ages of 12 months and IS years. These Land Orders will be received in payment of land sold at any Government land sale or selected for purchase under *' The Waste Lands Act, 1863." The Act further provides as follows: — Any person arriving in the Colony with the intention of settling therein, from Europe or India, whose passage money to the Colony is paid by him- self as a cabin or intermediate passenger, and who has not previously received or accepted a Land Order as herein-bcfore provided, shall, at any time within 12 months after his arrival in the Colony, be entitled to demand from the Board of Immigration, and shall thereupon receive, a certificate autho- rizing such person to select 30 acres of land; and in case such person arrives under the circum- stances aforesaid with a family, then such person shall be entitled to a further certificate authorizing him to select 20 acres within 12 months after the arrival of his wife (if any), and also a further cer- tificate authorizing him to select 10 acres in respect of each child within 12 months after the arrival of such child in Tasmania, such lelections to be made within 12 months after the date of such certificates ; and every such certificate shall be received in pay- ment by the Commissioner of Crown Landi f >r the purchase money of any waste lands selected by virtue of such certificate for purchase under the nineteenth section of The Watte L »» » 6«. „ i» 3/. ,, „ ,, 4i. „ t> ^'' >» >» II 2/, „ Assisted passages are not given to more than two children under 12 years (including infants) in each family; but parents may pay full passage money for children in excess of that number. II. Single women. — Passages without prepayment are given to single female domestic servants and dairy maids between 15 and 35 years of age, who are required to give promissory notes for &L each, payable in quarterly instalments, the first payment be made three months after the date of their arrival. III. Single men are required to pay 8/. each before embarkation, or 4/. before embarkation and give their promissory note for 8/,, | ayable in the colony. Itesidents in New Zealand can secure passages for their friends by paying in the colony the sum of 5/. per adult and half-price for children. 1872.] AID TO EMIGRANTS. For Airthcr particulan, application may be made to the Agent General for New Zealand, No. 7« Wettminiter Cliambcri, Victoria Street, Wcitmin- iter, London, S.W. Wr.8TERM AusTAAMA. — There are no Colonial funds apnroprinted for emiffration to this Colony. It is only occasionally, when authorized by the Secretary of State, that the £nii((ration Contniis- sioners can provide jjassaftcs at the expense of Im- )>erial funds for persons whose emigration ho* been rcconunundcd by the Governor. Cafk or Good Horr. — There is no provision at present for urunting assistance of any kind tu per- sons who wish to emigrate to the Colony. Natal. — Auisted emigration ii for the presei suspended. Dominion of Canaua. A limited number of Assisted Passages arc granted by the (lovcrnment of Canada on board the steam- ships of the Allan line at the rate of 4/. S«. sterling for ench adult; '^l. Ua, dd. for each child between 1 and 8 years of age ; and 14*. 2d. for each infant under 1 year. Ten cubic feet of luggage arc al- lowed free to each statute adult. Persons eligible for these assisted passages must produce satisfac- tory certificates oi character to the Agent of the Colony in this country, and declare their intention to become settlers in Canada. The following is the substance of the Regulations of the Government of Ontario for granting assist- ance towards passages, dated Department of Agri- culture and Public Works, Toronto, 1872 :— The Ontario Government will nay to regularly organized emigration societies in the United King- dom or in Ontario, or to individuals, the sum of six dollars or 1/. 4s. 8^/. sterling for every statute adult sent tc *.hat province at the end of three months' continuous residence in the province, and on the following conditions : — 1st. The society or individual sending out the emigrants in respect of whom the payment is to be asked shall forwaru them to an agent of the Govern- ment of Ontario with certificates in a prescribed form. 2nd. The emigrants sent out must be of good character and suitable, in the agent's opinion, to the wants of the colony. They must consist of at least 70 per cent, of the agricultural class, and not more than 30 per cent, mechanics, such as blacksmiths, bricklayers, carpenters, cabinet makers, painters, plasterers, saddlers, stonecutters, shoemakers, tailors, and tinsmiths. The emigrants must obtain the endorsement of the colonial agent to the form of certifi.-ate above referred to. 3. On arrival at Quebec the immigrant must ob- tain the endorsement of the emigration agent for Ontario at his olilce on the wliarf at I'oint Levi. 4. The emigrant on arrival at the agency in the province of Ontario nearest to his intended dcsti* nation will then be provided for by the local agent, and sent by fi-ee pass or otherwise to where employ- ment is to be had. 5. At any time af\er three months from date of the endorsement of the certificate at Ouebcc, and on jiroof that the emigrant has been and still is a ml tier in the province, the Government of Ontario «'i)i nay to the societv or individual issuing the ci'itiicate the sum of Ir. 4«. Hd. {ter statute adult. Application.^ for passage warrants and for assisted plus '«res to Ont.irui under the above regulations should be undressed to Wni. Dixon, Esu., No. 1 1 Adi' II St:Lot, Adelphi, London, W.C. : C. I'ov, Ksq., N«. ll,Clureniont Street, Uelfast; and H.J. Larkin, ^•M\., ID, F4en Quay, Dublin. ISritisii Columbia. — In 1HA0 a sum of money was granted by the CoioMiiil Government in aid of the emigration of female domestic servants, but the Commissioners Imve no information as to the mode in which it was appli^>!, or whether any balance remains uvail.ible for assisting the emigration of females. To the other Dritish Colonies there is no free or assisted emigration. Aid to Emioramts undkr tiik Local Govern- ment Board. The Poor Law Act of 1834 and other subsequent Acts empower the application of the poor nU' to- wards the emigration of poor persons, and enable guardians of unions and of parishes to promote emigration at the cost of their funds, with the order and subject to the regulations of the Local Govern- ment Board. The several Acts relating to the removability of paupers and the chargeability of relief to the com- mon fund have indirectly affected the previous enactments, and the present state of the law on the subject may be thus generally described : — Expenditure for emigration has, in the case of unions, become a common fund charge. The written concurrence of the guardians of the parish, formerly necessary in unions, is therefore no longer required. Excepting in the case of orphan or deserted children under 16 years of age, guardians of unions can expend money ^in the emigration of any poor person residing therein, whether actualfy i» receipt of relief or not. With the like exception, the guardians of a separate parish can expend money in the emigration of any poor person residing therein, who is settled in such parish or irremovable therefrom, whether in receipt of relief or not. ■^^ammtn m fmmn REMITTANCES FOR EMIGRANTS. [1872. ft In the cases of orphan or deserted children charge- ability is necessary. Ths restriction of the 13 & 14 Vict. c. 101. s. 4., to orphan or deserted children having no settUe- ments, or whose seltlementJ a.e unknown, is super- seded, and the section is applicable to all orphan or deserted children under 16 years of age, if chargeable. Subject to a doubt in the case of poor persons sctlk'd in a separate parish, the limit of 10/. per head in the expenditure is removed altogether. An a preliminary, the Local Government Board require to be furnished with a resolution of the guardians as well as with certain particulars indi- cated in a descriptive list.a form of which is supplied, and on those being furnished to them (with the certiflcatc of consent before justices in the cases of orphans or deserted children) the order is imme- diately issued, if no objection exists on the ground of the character of the emigrant, the amount of expenditure, or otherwise. It appears from the annual report of the Local Government Board, just published, that, during the year 1871, 893 persons ril, 1 iilll ; ii|>irilof turpentine, loz., hees' wax, los.t ltiir.iun(lv pitch, i oi.; to be well nicltcil toi;ethcr and kept eoiercd in n Knllipot ; lay it on boiitB or ahoes, rubbing it in well, and Mt tlieni in a liuteun, or before the Hre. 11 G 10 6 2 3 3 9 3 3 2 7 10 9 6 4 6 2 1 2 4 R 6 5 64 1 8 8 C 1 6 6 5 2 10 6 8 2 4 3 4 G 3 2 6 34 8 2 6 1 2 104 2 9 5 6 1 ig, ench Aid. •s, each l^d. "] ikets, 78. Gd. A married couple re- unterpane, Zs.9d. I quire but one set of , with lock, 8«.9(/. I these articles, only Each person mould alto require, — 1 bowl and bottle, Is. 9d., knife, fork, deep tin plate, 1 tin mug, table-spoon, and teaspoon, I«. 6d. 2 lbs. of the best yellow soap, per lb. 4^. 1 hair brush and comb. Is. 3 pairs of brown -cotton sheets, each 2s. 9d. 2 tins blacking, ench Aid. 2 shoe brushes, each ^\d. 1 pair of blankets,' 1 coloured cour Istrongchest, with lock, 8«.9(/. f these articles, only 1 soiled-linen clothes-bag, 2s. of a larger size. 1 bed and pillow, 5». J Cost of Outfit for a Single J!an, about £5 10 Ditto ditto Single Woman „ 5 15 Ditto ditto Married Couple 10 10 The cost of an outfit for children varies with their size. Generally speaking, three children under 7, or two between that age and 1 4, may be clothed for about 5/. ; but a well grown girl or' boy of 13 years of age will cost nearly as much as an adult. 3. Colonial Tax. — There is no tax on emigrants arriving in the Australian colonies. 4. Expense of erecting a Dwelling suitable to an Agricultural Labourer, New South Wales. — Agricultural labourers are generally provided with dwellings rent free by their employers. Queensland .... 40/. to 50/. Dwellings are generally provided for agricultural and other servants. Victoria .... 15/. to 60/, Country labourers are always provided with dwell- ings rent free, by their employers. Western Australia, about - - 20/. to 40/L South Australia, from - - - 20/. to 60/. Labourers on stations are as a rule provided with dwelling houses rent free, by their employers. Tasmania. — Agricultural and other labourers in the country are usually provided rent free v" ih dwell- ings by their employers ; but when such '3 not the case, a hut fit for a labourer can be put up for from 10/. to 15/. ; a slab hut in the bush for shepherds for 5/. In the towns, a decent building of brick or stone costs from 30/. to 40/. New Zealand. — In the country, cot'ajes built of " raupo" (the native rush) can be put up for from 5/. to 10/., which can be made very comfort- • able, and quite impervious to the weather; but, from their inflammable nature, they are not allowed in the towns. In the towns, a weather- boarded cottage of two rooms can be built for about 40/. or 50/., or one can be rented for from 8». to 10s. per week. Cape of Good Hope. — 20/. to 50/. Agricultural Labourers can generally hire small cottages at rents varying from 7s. 6d, to ]/. a month. BiWBfmwa!? 72. '*7 1872.] HINTS TO EMIGRANTS TO B. NORTH AMERICA. 11 S. Rent of a Town Lodging for a Mtehanic'i Family. New South Wales - - 10». to 20*. per week, Queensland - • 2«. 6d. to I0«. „ v„»/..j. J '" country townships, about 10». „ *"="*"* \in Melbourne, about - 10*. Western Australia, about - - - 7s. „ South Australia, from - - S«. to 8«. „ Tasmania, - from 3s. 6d. to 10s. „ New Zealand - - - 8s. to 10«. „ Cafe of Good Hope : In Cape Town, from - 10s. - per month. Graham's Town, average 30». - ,, Port Elizabeth „ 25«. - „ Country Districts - 5s. to 30s. „ 6. Caution not to linger in the townt. — Emigrants to the Australian colonies are strongly advised, with a view to their own advantage and healtli, to look immediately on arrival for employment in the country, and not to linger in the crowded dwellings of the towns. Hints to Emigrants to British North America. 1. Caution to keep Contract Ticket*. — Emigrants to every British colony ought to keep their contract tickets, as otherwise, if the ship is prevented by any accident from reacliing her destination, or if the passengers, fur any other reason, are not landed at the place named in the tickets, they may have a difll- culty in obtaining a return of their passage monev, to which in that case they would by law be entitled. 2. Caution to provide meane for subsistence and trantport after arrival. — Emigrants are warned that they have no claim of riglit for assistance out of the public funds of the colonies ; they should, therefore, provide themselves with sufficient means of their own for their subsistence and conveyance into the interior from the port where they land. In Canada a Colonial Law expressly prohibits relief from the Emigrant Tax Fund, excepting in cases of sickness on the part of destitute emigrants. 3. Tools. — It Is not generally considered desirable that agricultural labourers should take out imple- ments of husbandry, as these can be easily procured in the colonies; but artisans are recommended to take such tools as they may possess, if not very bulky. 4. Tine to arrive in North Avierica The best period is early in May, so as to be in time to take advantage of the spring and summer work, and to get settled before the winter sets in. 5. Average Length of Passage: — Bailing S!iip9. Steamera. To Quebec - - " ^e^ays. { ^ JJ^^j;^ Prince Edward Island (say) 36 „ — Nova Scotia - - - 28 „ OJ New Brunswick - - 36 „ — British Columbia, round) ,,» Cape Horn - - j " „ vi4 Panama 50 „ — „ Overland, vii New York and San Francisco, 24 days. By the Passengers' Act, provisions and water are, however, required to be laid in for the first 4 Cohmios for 70 days, and in winter time for 80 days ; and for British Columbia vi& Cape Horn for 182 days. 6. Maintenance on arrival, §*c. — Passengers are entitled by the Imperial Passengers' Act tone main- tained on board in the same manner as during the passage for 48 hours after arrival, unless within that time the ship should quit the port in the prosecution of her voyage. As regards those bound to the Do- minion of Canada, the " Immigration Act of 1809 " imposes u penalty on the master who compels pas- sengers to leave before the expiration uf 4H hours, and provides timt they shall be landed free of expense and between six in the morning and four in the afternoon. 7. Advice to Emigrants arriving in Queliec— The water of the river St. Lawrence is stated to have a strong tendency to produce bowel com- plaints in strangers. It should at flrsl, therefore, be drunk as sparingly as possible. Emigrants should also avoid exposure to the great heat of the sun by day and the dews and noxitnis vapour by night. All emigrants who wisli to know the distance to any part of the province, the wny to got there, what ft costs, and the best places to find work, should ask the Government Immigration OfHeer (who will board the ship they arrive in), or else go to the Immigration Office, Old Custom House Buildings, Quebec. Those arriving by steamer will land at Point Levi, where there is also a Government Office. Emigrants should not listen to the opinions or advice of persons hang- ing about the places of landing, whose businoss it ig to make profit out of them. Slany young females and unprotected persons have been deceived and suffered from acting on such advice. For the better protection and convenience of emigrants desiring to wash their clothes and obtain information as to their future journey, temporary accommodation has been provided at the Government Immigration Wharf, Quebec, where they will be allowed to remain for a period not exceeding 48 hours. Emigrants who go out to Join friends or relations already settled in the country should proceed at once to their destination. Farm labourers will get plenty of work in the farm- ing districts. The Chief Agent will not assist any one who loses his time by stiiying in the city, unless detained by sickness or other good reason. Any offer of work had better be at once accepted, even if the wages arc not as much as the emigrant thought they would be, because, until he gets into the ways of the country, he is not of much use to the farmer and has a great deal to learn. Mechanics who do not get work at their trades, had better take the iirst offer that is made to them than be idle. Clerks, shopmen, or persons having no particular trade or calling, and unaccustomed to manual labour, or females above the grade of domestic servants, should not emigrate to Canada, unless going to situations previously engaged, as the supply is already greater than the demand for persons of these classes. 12 HINTS TO EMIGRANTS TO B. NORTH AMERICA. [1872. Any complainto of bad treatment on the passage out should, in the first instance, be made, upon landing, to the Immigration Agent at the port of disembarkation. Caution, — Newly arrived immigrants are fVe- quently tempted by the promise otnigh wages held out by agents from the United States to leave Canada for the States. These promises should not be enter- tained without much caution and inquiry. Protection of Passenger!. — The 1 7th and subse- quent sections of the " Immigration Act 1869," con- tain stringent provisions for the protection of pas- sengers. They are allowed by law to remain on board 48 hours afVer arrival in port ; and they and their luggage are to be landed at suitable hours, free of expense, at landing places appointed by the Go- vernor. The 20th section secures to foreign immigrants the observance by the masters of vessels of the laws of the country from which they are conveyed. No persons, without beu^g duly licensed, may re- commend lodgings or railway or steamboat routes to immigrants, or book passages or take money for inland mres, or for the transportation of baggage. (Sect. 22.) Lists of prices per day and week for board and lodging, or both, and also the rates for separate meals, are required to be displayed in taverns, hotels, and boarding houses receiving immigrants ; and no keeper of a boarding house or tavern can have a lien on immigrants' goMls for any sum exceeding five dollars, — about 1/. sterling. (Sect. 23.) Emigrants arriving at Quebec, holding through tickets for their inland transport, and desiring to ob- tain information, may delay their journey for that purpose, as the railway or steamboat company to whom they are addressed will take charge of their luggage until they are ready to proceed. 8. Colonial Tax on Emigrants: — Canadian Dominion. — By the Colonial " Immi- § ration Act of 1869," the Capitation Tax is fixed atone ollar, payable by the master, for every passenger over the age of one year arriving from Europe in the Do- minion of Canada. If embarked, however, without the sanction of the Government of the country from whence the ship has sailed, ascertained by a certi- ficate of the proper authority in Europe, the taxis one dollar fifty cents for every passenger so em- barked. But the tax is not levied in respect of pas- sengers not landed from ships calling at ports of the Dominion. 9. Personal Effects exempt from Duty. — By a Ca- nadian Act (8 & 9 Vict. c. 31.): —"Wearing ap- parel in actual use, and other personal effects not merchandise, — implements and tools of trade of handicratYsinen used in the occupation or employ- ment of persons coming into the province for the puq)ose of actually settling therein ;" are <-xempt from Customs' duties. A similar provision is in force in New Brunswick. 10. Caption not to refiue good wages. — Until emi- grants become acquainted with the labour of the country, their services are of comparetivdy smidl value to their employers. They should therefore be careful not to fall into the common error of refusing reasonable wages on their first arrival. 11. Expense of erecting a loghut. — The cost of a log hut, such as settlers usually erect, may be stated at from 5/. to about 12/. But when the chief part of the work is performed by the emigrant himself, the cost is much less. These huts, if properly con- structed, are very warm and comfortable. Vancouver Island. — The expense of erecting a suitable dwelling for an agricultural labourer may be estimated at from 25/. to 30/. The rent of a town lodging for mechanics and labourers is about 6s. per week. British Columbia. — The cost of such a building varies according to the rate of wages in the different parts of the colony. But a good hut can be built and fitted up by the immigrant at a cost of 10/. or 15/. 1 1 Value of the English Coins in Canada. 1 sovereign, sterling 1 crown . - 1 crown 1 ahilUng - - UalUax Currency. £ : d. 14 4 6 1 8 Oi 12 Dollars. Cents. 4 86 1 SO 60 S4 The English halfpenny is equal to one cent In Upper Canada the English sixpence is generally called in retail dealings "one York shilling" era shilling ; emigrants often believe one shilling sterling or currency is meant. Emigrants should bring their money in gold or good Bills of Exchange. Silver and bank-notes are liable to discounts. Post Office Orders can be obtained in Great Britain on any of the towns in Canada. 13. Route fin- Emigrants to Ontario and Quebec. — Emigrants intending to settle in Canada wili.find it in all respects more advantageous to proceed by Quebec. As there is often competition among the Steam- boat and Railway Companies at Quebec and the Forwarding Companies at Montreal, emigrants should exercise caution before agreeing for their passage, and should avoid those persons who crowd on board ships and steam-boats, oSbring their service to get passages, &c. Emigrants for Upper Canada should not pause at Quebec or Montreal, but proceed at once on their journey. If, however, they require advice or direc- tion, they should apply onlg to the Government Agents, whose names and addresses are given at page 2, who will furnish gratuitously all requisite information. 14. For the route to the north-west territories see page 15, post. 72. ^ 1872.] ROUTES AND FARES FROM QUEBEC. IS I 14. Distances and Fakes* from Quebec ; Season 1872. SvplanatioH qf Abbreviations.— Q. T. B., Grand Trunk Railway, Quebec. N. R., Northern Railway, Toronto. G. W. R., Great Western Railway, Toronto. 0. k P. R., Coburg and Petorlwro' Railway, Port Hope. P. *0. R., Prescott and Ottawa Bailwav, Proscott. B. & O. R., Brockville and Ottawa Railway, Brockvillt . U. A L. H. R., Buffalo and Lake Huron Rulway ; Canadian route connections, Paris and Btratfora. E. T., Bai ^ m Townshiptt, Lower Canada, the district of the Britiah North American Land Company. P. U. k L. R., Port Hope and Lindsay Railway. Throughout these passages children between 3 and 12 are charged half price, under 3 years old no chargt; is made. Name. Acton Mines Almonte Appiu - Baden - Baptist Creek Barrie - Belle River Belleville - Berlin - Bothwell • Bowman ville Bradford Brantford • Brampton • Bnnonton - Breslau Brighton Brockville - Bronte - Carlton Place Oarron Brook Chatham Clinton - Coaticook - Cobourg Colbome Collingwood Couipton (':k>rnwaiU Danville E. • Dorchester - Durham East DundaB Edwardsburgh Gait - (Jeorgetowu • Gleucoe Goderich Grafton Grimsby Guelph Hamburg Hamilton Harrisburg Hospeler Ineersol Township. Acton, C. E. Ramsay - EkfHd - Wilmot - Station - Town Rochester Town Waterloo - Zone - Darlington Gwillimbury Town Chinquacousy Dumfries - Waterloo - Brighton - Town Trafklgar - Beckwith - McKillop • Harwich • Tuckersmith Iiamston - Town Oramahe - Notawanga Compton - Town Sfaipton - Dorchester Durham - Town Edwardsburgh Dumfries • Esquesing Ekfrid • Town Haldimand Grimsby - Town Wilmot - City - - Dumfries • Waterloo - Oxford - County. Bagot Lanark Middlesex • Waterloo ■ Essex Simcoo Essex Hastings • Waterloo - Kent • ■ Durham • Simcoe Brant Peel - Waterloo - Waterloo - Northumberland Leeds Halton • Lanark Perth Kent - Huron Stanstead- Northumberland Do. Simooe Compton - Stormont - Richmond Essex Drummond Wentworth Grenvillo • Waterloo • Halton Middlesex - Huron Northumberland Lincoln - WeUington Waterloo - Wentworth Brant Waterloo - Oxford Railway. G.T.R. B.&0. G.W.R. G. T. R. G.W.R. N.R. G. W. R. G. T. R. G.T.R. G. W. R. G. T. R. N.R. B. &_L. H. G.tTr. G.W.R. G. T. R. G. T. R. G. f . R. G. W. R. B.4 0. B. & L. H G. W. R. B.&L.H G. T. R. G. T. B. G. T. R. N. R. R. G.T.R. G. T. R. G.T.R. G. W. R. G.T.R. G.W.R. G. T. R. G. W. R. G. T. R. G. W. R. 6. ft L. H G. T. R. G.W.R. G.T.R. G.T.R. G. W. R. G. W. R. Fare by Railway or Steamer. lit CI. 2d CI, 118 386 639 873 666 707 888 662 666 467 644 628 622 671 669 410 293 626 340 616 670 621 143 431 417 693 134 236 84 606 106 646 273 666 630 644 633 424 666 660 576 639 668 G. W. R. I 677 G. W. R. 396 D.C. 2 96 7 66 12 80 12 80 16 20 12 66 16 40 8 60 12 30 13 00 10 46 11 80 12 68 11 30 9 88 12 60 12 08 600 11 20 6 96 13 60 16 70 13 00 3 66 9 76 068 18 40 3 40 4 00 1 90 12 28 a 60 11 67 6 60 12 68 11 66 13 00 18 90 76 12 40 12 06 12 30 11 66 12 40 18 76 13 26 1 00 4 15 6 10 4 50 6 76 6 25 6 00 6 35 5 86 6 16 4 50 6 50 6 10 3 06 5 60 3 66 6 80 8 00 6 96 2 60 4 60 4 60 7 68 240 2 10 1 26 6 76 1 70 6 76 3 06 6 30 6 16 6 16 6 96 4 60 6 20 8 10 6 86 562 6 20 6 40 6 96 Route. VIA G. T. Rw. „ Brockville, 62 ni. „ G. T. Rw. to London, 24 m. „ Toronto, 72 m. „ G. T. Rw, to London, thence by G. W. Rw. „ Toronto and Bail, 63 m. „ G. T. Rw. to London, thcnco by G. W. Rw. to Chatham, 29 m. „ G. T. Rw. or steamer. ,. G. T. Rw., Toronto and Guelph, 14 m. „ London, 42 m. „ G. T. Rw. or steamer. „ Toronto, 41 m. „ Hamilton andPariB,8m. „ Toronto, 21 m. „ G.T.Rw. Guelph, 21m. „ TorontoandBerlln,6m. „ Kingston, 69 m. „ G. T. Rw. or steamer. „ Toronto, 26 ra. „ Brockville and railroad. „ Stratford, 18 m. „ London 64 m.; or Ha- milton.por rail 140 ro. „ Rail Goderich 18 m. „ G.T.Rw. „ G. T. Rw. or steamer. „ G.T.Rw. „ Toronto and N. B. B. 94 m. „ G.T.Bw. „ G. T. Bw. or steamer. G. T. Bw. '.', Q. T. B^. to London, 10 m. „ G.T.Bw. „ G. T. Bw. to Hamilton, 6jn. „ G.T: Bw. „ Guelph, 16 m. „ Toronto, 28 m. „ G. T. Rw. to London, 30 m. „ Stratford, 40 m. „ G. T. Bw. „ Hamilton, 17 m. „ G. T. Rw. „ Toronto, 75 m. „ O. T. Bw. or steamer. „ G. T. Rw. to Guelph, 27 m. „ G.T.Bw.to Guelph, 8m. „ Woodstock, m. * N.B.— The fares given in this Table are the usual Summer rates ; In Winter they are much higher. 14 ROUTES AND FARES PROM^ QUEBEC. [1872. V Name. Koniptvlllo KiiiKHton Laiicaiitcr Lansdowno liPfroy - liOiiiioxvillc Lindsay London Tionirwood Malton • Matilda Mit(hcl Montrnal Mount BrydRcs Napanee Ncswcastlo Newmarket Niagara Oakvillo Ontario Oshawa Ottawa - Paris • Terth - I'otcrboro Petersburg Pr(!8c.ott Preston Port Union ' Port Hope Richmond E llockwood Sarnla - Searboro Seaforth Shakespeare Sherbrooko - Smith's Falls St. Catherine's St. Mary's - Stratford Suspension Bridge 'IMiornliill - Thorold Toronto Trenton AVaterdown • Weston Whitby AVidder Williamsbnrg Windsor Wcodstock - Wyoming - Township. County. Railway. Oxford (Mty - liancastcr • Lansdowno Innislll Ascott Otis - (Jity - ('nnidoi! Toronto Matilda Lo^'au City . (^amdoe lliehuiond Clark - Whitchurch Town Trafalgar Saltneet Clark City - Brant ford Drummond Monaghan Wilmot Town Village Pickering Town Richmond Uramosa Town Scarboro McKillop Kasthopo Town Elrasloy Town Bla'K'hard T n Stamford Markhara Thorold City - Murray I<'elson York. Town Bosanquet Matilda < Sandwich • Town Plynipton • Orrnville (J. T. R. Olrnirarry l/ceds Sinicoo C(ini|iton Victoria Aliddlcsex Ho. Peel - Dundas Perth Montreal Middlesex Lennox Durham York - Lincoln Halton Wentworth Ontario Ottawa Brant Lanark Peterboro Waterloo Granville Waterloo Ontario Durham Rich.aond Wellhigton Ijambton York . Huron Perth Compton Lanark Lincoln Perth Perth Lincoln York - Lincoln York- Northumberland Halton York - Ontario Lambton Dimdaa Essex Oxford Lambton P. & O. O. T. R. (5. T. R. G. T. R. N. R. G. T. R. P. H. i L G. W. R. G. W. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. B. & L. H, G. T. R. G. W. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. N. R. R. G. W. R. G. W. R. G. W. R. G. T. R. P. &0. G. W. R. B. &0. C. &P. 6. T. R. G. T. R. G. W. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. B. & L. H. G. T. R. G. T. R. B.&O. G. W. R. G. T. R. G T. R. G.W. R. G. T. R. G. W. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. C. W. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. G. T. R. G. W. R. G, W. R. G.W.R. 304 340 222 314 653 123 477 615 035 616 207 601 168 630 378 454 634 637 618 661 4t)7 336 668 3M 450 670 281 573 484 437 06 642 609 401 613 582 120 310 560 699 689 682 612 671 600 400 636 609 471 637 260 725 587 659 I Fare by Railway or Steamer. lit CI. 2dCL Bonte. D.C. D.C. 6 25 3 75 Vi 7 05 3 55 4 00 2 10 7 00 3 60 12 06 660 3 06 2 20 11 00 6 75 12 66 5 85 12 90 6 06 10 60 6 00 6 60 2 80 13 00 6 60 2 66 1 00 14 26 7 65 7 90 4 30 10 00 4 75 11 60 6 10 13 10 65 »■ 10 95 6 37 13 00 6 50 10 60 6 00 7 05 3 60 12 45 5 85 7 05 3 90 10 95 5 85 12 30 5 86 5 60 3 06 12 70 6 60 10 50 6 00 9 75 4 60 2 20 1 00 12 10 6 10 14 60 60 10 60 5 00 13 50 6 50 12 £0 6 00 2 95 2 05 6 80 3 65 13 15 6 60 12 50 6 00 12 60 6 00 13 15 60 10 95 5 50 13 25 6 70 10 60 6 00 9 05 4 60 » 13 00 6 60 10 60 6 00 10 60 6 00 14 00 6 60 M 6 60 2 85 15 70 8 05 13 00 6 80 13 00 6 20 »> VIA Prescott, 23 m. O. T. Rw. or steamer. G. T. Rw. or steamer. G. T. Rw. Toronto, 62 m. rail. G. T. Rw. Port Hope railroad. Railroad or steamer. Londoji, 20 m. Toronto, 16 m. u. T. Hw. or steamer. Stratford, 12 m. Rail or steamer. G.T.Rw.toLondon,15m. Kingston, 26 m. G. T. Rw. Toronto, 34 m. Toronto, and rail or steamer. Toronto, 21 m. Hamilton, 12 m. G. T. Rw. or steamer. Rail or steamer. Hamilton, 29 m. Brockville, 40 m. Coburg, 30 m. Berlin. 8 m. G. T. Rw. or steamer Hamilton, 28 m. Near Toronto. G. T. Rw. or steamer. G. T. Rw. Guelph,8m. G. T. Rw. Toronto, 9 m. Stratford, 2i>i. Stratford, 7 m. G. T. Rw. Brockville. Railroad or steamer. Stratford, 10 m. G. T. Rw. Hamilton, 43 m. Toronto, 12 m. Hamilton, 34 m. Rail or sttiamor. Kingston, by rail 69, or steamer V8 m. Toronto, 35 m. Torout'j, m. G. T. Rw. G. T. Rw. to Stratford, 48 m. Rail or steamer. W. termums, G. W.Rw. Hamilton, 48 m. London, 46 m. <^1 2. 1872.] ROUTES AND FARES FROM QUEBEC. 15 u,l NEW BEUN8W1CK NOVA SCOTIA. AND GULP OP ST. LAWRENCE. 1872. Places. Province. Distance from Fares. Route. Quebec. 1st Class. 2d Class. D. C. D. C. OaHpn Basin - . - D.ilfiousie, Bai de Chalour Quebec 480 12 4 By steamer weekly. New Brunswick - 610 U 6 60 Do. do. Miramichi ■ 600 14 Do. do. Shcdiac 020 14 7 Do. stated is that travelled over the direct distance ; Miramichi, Shediac, and Pictou are 180 miles less. Halifax is the nearest port in America to Groat Britain at which mail steamers stop. PLACES IN UNITED STATES. Name. State. Miles from Quebec. Fare by Railway or Stoamor ; Season,1872. Bouto. Ist Class. 1 2d Class. Boston ... Buffelo - Chicago - Detroit - New York Portland Massachusetts New York Illinois • Michigan New York Maine . 423 673 1007 734 630 816 D. C. 9 00 13 16 20 60 14 60 9 00 8 76 D. C. 600 6 00 11 00 7 80 6 00 6 00 ViA G.T.Rw. „ do. or stcamor. „ do. or do. „ do. or do. „ Portland or Montreal „ G.T.Rw. Throughout these passages, children under 12 years of age are charged half price, and those under three years '^^ ''^' TTSUAL MAIN ROUTES FROM OUEBEC. Canada.— For Riclimond, Sherbrook, Lennoxville, Comptou Bury, and Stanstead, In the Eaatom Townships, by Grand Trunk Railway. For Ottawa City, by railway or steamer to 1'rescott, and thence by railway. For Upper Ottawa District, by railway and steamer, and thence by railway to Amprior, and thence by steamer to Renfrew and Portage du Fort. For Woodstock, London, and Lake Erie Di.itrict, by Great Western Railway from Hamilton. For Goderich and Huron District, by Grand Trunk Railway to Stratford, and thence by Buffalo and Lake Huron R.ailway. For Georgian Bay District, Sault Ste. Mario, Green Bay, and Lake Superior, by Northern Railway fix)m Toronto, and thence l)y steamer from Collingwood. United States.— For Boston and other places in Eastern States, by Grand Trunk Railway vlfl, Richmond and Portland. For ports on Lake Champlain, Troy, Albany, New York, Philadelphia, &c., by i-ailway and steamer from Montreal. For Ogdcnsbui-g, Oswego, Rochester, Buffalo, Cleveland, and northern parts of the states of Now York, Pensylvania, and Ohio, by railway or steamer, and by Great Western Railway vid Hamilton. For Detroit, Cincinnati. Chicago, Milwaukic, and the Western States generally, by Grand Trunk Railway or steamer or by Great Western Railway from Toronto or Hamilton. ROUTE TO THE NORTH WEST TERRITORIES FROM TORONTO. After the 15th day of June 1872, emigrants will be sent to Fort Garry, at the following rates : Toronto to Fort William; adults, 5 dollars ; children under 12 half price. 160 lbs. personal baggage, fk-ce. Extra luggage, 25 cts. per 100 lbs. Fort Wii lam to Fort Garry : emigrants, 26 dollars ; children under 12. half price. 860 lbs. personal baggage, free. Extra luggage. 16 06 doUara per 100 lbs. (No horses, oxen, waggons, or heavy farming implements can be taken.) Mode op Conteyahck.— 96 miles by railroad from Toronto to Collingwood ; 632 miles by steamer fh)m Coiling, wood to Fort William ; 46 miles by waggon from Fort William to Shebandowan Lake ; 310 miles broken navigation in open boats from Shebando'van Lake to north-west angle of the Lake of the Woods ; 0.1 miles by cart or waggon fhDm north-west angle. Lake of the Woods to Fort Garry. Between Fort William and Fort Garry, huts and tents will be provided for the accommodation of emigrants on the portages. Passengers should take their own supplies. Provisions will, however, bo furnished at cost price, at Shebandowan Lake. Fort Fiances, and the north-west angle. Lake of the Woods. 16 DEMAND FOR LABOUR. [1872. CoHi'ABATivB Table as to the Revenue, EzntNoiTimii, Debt, Impobtb, && per Head of the Population in each of the North American I'rovinces ; Approximate only. Dominion of Canada. Population, 1871. Population to the Square Mile, 1871. Revenue per Head of the Popu- lation, 1871. Expendi- ture per Head of the Population 1871. Debt per Head of the Population, 1871. Imports per Head of the Population, 1871. Exports per Head of the Population, 1871. Nova Scotia New UrunMwick - Quebec .... Ontario .... Manitoba (in 1870) - North-west territory') (estimated) • • -> British Columbia (osti- ') mated ... -J 387,800 286,777 1.191, B76 1,620,860 11,863 28.700 60,000 ♦1.69 3-73 *f76 D.O. ♦6 82 £ s. d. 1 3 10 12 D.O. 4 87 £ s.d. 13 1 12 D.C. 21 86 £ a. d. 19 1 18 11} D.O. 87 61 29 01 36 16 20 83 £ s.d. 6 19 Of 8 14 7f D.O. 16 80 19 SO 32 74 14 24 Total - - - 3,570,066 £ ».d. 6 18 6 8 14 7* Newfoundland! - - - Prince Edward Islandf - 15,000 »7,246 ♦ The north-west territory is not included in this calculation, t The information as regards these two colonies is for 1870. DEMAND FOR LABOUR. Canadian Dominion. Ontario and Quebec. A large number of works will be going on in the Dominion during the season of 1872, and for some vears to come, causing an unusual demand for labour. The classes recommended to emigrate to Canada are (1) persona with capital seeking investment; (2) tenant fanners with limited capital who can buy and stock a freehold estate with the money needed to carry on a small farm in England ; (3) agricultural labourers, skilled and unskilled, for whom there is a large and increasing demand ; (4) mechanics of various descriptions, but more par- ticularlvi blacksmiths, carpenters, railway navvies, shoemakers, tailors, printers, stonecutters and masons, gardeners, bricklayers, millwrights, and machinists, for whom there is always a steady de- mand. Canada offers great facilities for domestic servants and needle women ; boys and girls over 15 years of age, and for flax growers, dressers, spinners, &c., but this industry requires to be developed- Families wssessing a pleasant and healthy climate; but the confident prospect which the poorest may have of becoming a possessor of the soil, earning a comparative com- petence for himself, and comfortably settling his children. Large numbers of rich and independent farmers all over the Dominion were poor emi- grant labourers, without any means whatever, a few years ago. The following are the wages paid in a few trades or callings : — Agricultural labourers, 4s. to Gs. a day without board, and 50s. to 808. per month with board ; carpenters, 6s. to 98. per day ; bricklayers, 108. to 148.; plasterers, lOs. to 148.; stonemasons, 128. to 158. ; blacksmiths, 68. to 98.; wheelwrights, 68. to 98. per diem ; general female servants, 20s. to 838. ; and cooks, 298. to 4l8. per month with board. — See alio p. pott. Persons who should not emigrate are clerks, shop- men, or those having no particular trade or calling, and unaccustomed to manual labour. Females above thegradeofdomestic servants, should not emi- grate to Canada, unless going to situations pre- viously engaged, as the country is fully supplied, and, in fact, overstocked with persons of this class. New Brunswick. Tlie Emigration Agent at St. John, Robert Shives, Esq., in a report, received February 1872, says : — " During the past season there has been a great demand for all kinds of labour ; and masons, plasterers, carpenters, joiners, and all other branches of mechanics, have had steady employment and good wages. In regard to agricultural labourers, so great has been the demand, that farmers who were unable to procure them have sufi'ered much loss, both for want of hands to plant and to reap the harvest." " Our great want, however, is that class known at home as small farmers. We have abundance of good land to oifer them, and all they require to give them a start is a small amount of money. If T«^ 1872.] DEMAND FOR LABOUR. n I they do not desire to settle on the Gorernment lands, there are alwavs char.ces to purchase, at reasonable prices, partially improved (arms, with log and fVamed houses, where they can locate themselves, and at once commence farming opera- tions. The Government will give to each settler ]0() acres for the small sum of 4/. 2s. 2d. sterling; or he may pay for it, — if he does not wish to make a money payment — by performing labour on the roads at the rate of 9L \s. Id. sterling per year for three years, when he will receive a clear title to the land. He has likewise the privilege of select- ing, adjoining his own lot, 100 acres on the same terms for each son over 18 years of age." " There is every prospect of an increased demand for labour during the coming year, and for all the branches of mechanics already named, and to nil such as may decide to make New Brunswick their home, there is every prospect of securing, not (;nly a comfortable living, hut by industry and sobriety attaining to affluence." Nova Scotia. The following has been received from the Pro- vincial Secretary in a communication bearing date Halifax, 3rd January 1 872 : — " A good class of farmers who have sufficient means wherewith to purchase small farms, already under cultivation, would do well in the western parts of the province. Fruit growers in particular could make money; but this IS no place tor paupers. What is required is more capital and industry, and there is a good opening for the expenditure and employment of both. " In Halifax female servants are, at present, in demand, and a number of good cooks who could come well recommended, would command from 20s. to 25s. sterling per month." Newfoundland. J. Bemister, Esq., Colonial Secretary, in a re- port dated 6th October 1866,* says: "This colony has very little demand for labour, except during the fishing season, which may be said to last from May till October. During that period every able- bodied operative is fully employed, and it is upon the success or otherwise of that fishery that the condition of the people during the ensuing winter in a great measure depends, as, unfortunately, there is very little to be had by the people in the shape of employment during the winter, there being but very few manufactories or other sources of employ- ment at those times when the fishery cannot be prosecuted. The seal fisher}- in March employs a large number of the young and able-bodied men of the colony for a period ranging from I month to 6 weeks and 2 months. The taking of herring and salmon commences earlier than the cod fishery, which cannot be said to be fully engaged in earlier than the month of June. Agriculture is progres- sively increasing. PaiNCK Edward Island. In a report from the Assistant Colonial Secretary (Mr. J. W. Morrison), dated 8th February 1869,* it is stated that : — " Labourers are in great demand, from the 1st of May to the 1st of December." * No later return. British Columbia, including Vancoutrr Island. The demand for labor of all kinds appears to be considerable. The following, according to a report from the Colonial Secretary, dated the 23rd Nov. 1869,* are the rates of wages then current in the Colony. Cooks from 4/. to 8/. a month ; day la- bourers, 10«. a day; skilled mechanics, such as bL-icksmiths, carpenters, stone cutters, tailors, &c., 16«. a day. Female servants, who are very scarce indeed, 51. a month. Wages in the interior are still higher, labourers obtaining 12/. a month, with rations, and miners 32«. 6a. a day. Indian and Chinese labourers receive 4«. a day. New South Wales. The following information has been received ftom G. F. Wise, Esq., the Agent for Immigration at Sydney, in a Despatch from the Colonial Secretary, dated 29th January 1872: — " Female domestic servants thoroughly acquainted with their duties, as well as farm labourers and shep- herds, readily obtain situations on remunerative terms ; but for educated persons, such as governesses, tutors,clerks,&c., there is no demand, and the emi- gration to the colony of such persons (unless for tne purpose of joining friends or relatives able to maintain them for some time after arrival) is not encouraged. " The Colonial Government makes the most careful provision for the protection and eflfbctive settlement of the single women who come to the colony under the auspices of the Emigration Com- missioners, unaccompanied by friends or relativer, as well as of those who are so accompanied, but whose relatives desire that they should take advan- tage of the Government regulations. " Each immigrant ship is, on arrival, immediately visited by the Agent for Immigration, who ascertains the capabilities and wishes with regard to employ- ment of the immigrants on board; and instructs those coming to join relatives or friends as to the best modes of reaching their destination. " The single women are at once landed, and received into the Depot at Hyde Park, where they are comfortably located in large and we'! ventilated apartments, and are treated with the greatest care and attention by the matron, under the direction of the Agent for Immigration. After inspection by the Immigration Board, a hiring day is appointed, which is advertised in the daily papers. No (lerson is admitted into the hiring-room who is not ]>cr- sonaliy known to the offljers of the department to be of good character, or who has not a certificate of respectability from a clergyman or magistrate." The Immigration Agent, m a report dated Sydney, 28th November 1871, states that the only immigration during that year consisted of single females who, having been previously in domestic service, were provided with free passages to the colony by Her Majesty's Emigration Commissioners. Within a few days of their arrival they were engaged at an average rate of wages of 20/. per annum. A continued in- flux of single women of the class of domestic servants would be of considerable advantage, and such ;v 19 DEMAND FOR LABOUK. [1872. % i Rcrvants would readily meet with engagements at good wagci. Queensland. The labour market is, generally speaking, sudl- civntly supplied for the present. The Executive Council of the Colonial Govern- ment ill a minute (March 1866') observe that " it cannot be too often repeated that as a general rule, and with the exception of a few professional men such as lawyers, doctors, surveyors, and civil engineers, only two classes of persons should emi- grate to Queensland, viz.: (1) Capitalists large and small ; and (2) Labourers, that is men and women accustomed to worh with their handi," All others, it is added, will be doomed " not only to almost certain disappointment, but also to severe hardships." All persons emigrating with the expectation of pro- curing employment in the Government service, through the letters of recommendation which they bring with them from England, are especially warned of the futility of such expectations. It is added that "admission to the junior grade :n the Civil Service of Queensland is to be procured only by competitive examinations, and future promotions are regulated by seniority and personal merit, proved by actual service." Any person of good character, who is able and willing to work, can generally obtain employment of some kind or other; but if once a man is unfor- tunate enough to establish for himself a notoriety for loafing, by remaining idle when employment is ofTeretl him, perhaps at a lower rate of wages than he considers ne is worth, his services are never much in demand while other labour is obtainable. It does not take long for a skilled mechanic, or industrious liibourer, to gain for himself a reputation with em- ployers, who find it to their interest to pay every man what he is fairly entitled to receive according to the current rate of wages. Victoria. The following is the report of Lesley Alexander Moody, Es(|., Immigration Agent at Melbourne, dated 29th November 1871. " The demand for labour has varied considerably during the past 12 months. In many parts of the colony, employment is abundant and labour of all kinds in much re(|uest, while in Melbourne, in con- sequence of the strong inclinalion of immigrants to hang about town and thi-ir reluetance to go into the country, and at Ballarnt, where a gieat many have been thrown out of employment in consequence of the decline in the produce of gold and the partial cessation of working by the mining companies, which has affectid all trades, there has been, to some extent, a want of constai\ ■ employment. " Good agricultural labouiers are still in request, especially in the Ovens, Gipp's Land, and the Western District. " Although every immigrant may not, imme- diately on ttirival, find suitable employm;>nt, if he is desirous of working, and is sober, persevering, and industrious, and does not seek too high a remune- ration at first, he is pretty sure-, if his health remains good, to succeed in the li)ng run. " There is still a icarcity of good female domestic servants. A great many females emigrate to this colony without any pretentions to be classed as above, never having had any experience of domestic duties, and of these there is an abundance. But a good female servant who knows her work can always, and at once, command employment at good wages. " There has for some time existed a considerable mercantile depression through all the colonies, and this has, to a certain extent, re-acted on trades which are more or less dependent on commercial success ; but a very favourable season, a heavy clip of wools, with good prices, and a promise of an abundant harvest, together with the increase of production in the colony of a great many articles which have hitherto been imported from abroad will, it is hoped, give a stimulus to all kinds of trade and afford ample employment to all." Trs a comfortable and re- spectable lodging to female servants out of place, and it is also a registry ofllce." New Zealand. The formation of railways within all the settled districts of the colony and of roads through the dis- tricts hitherto exclusively occupied by natives, has created a large demand for labour, jmncipally of the agricultural class, but not wholly so. For single women there is always a constant demand both for domestic and dairy work. Young men of no particular profeuion and with- out capital fail to procure employment ; and those brought up to mercantile pursuits are equally unsuccessful . From September to April is the best season] for arriving in New Zealand, and from May to August the least favourable. The colony is very healthy at all seasons, but the weather is boisterous and rainy during the last-mentioned period, although it has been less so lately than in former years. HoNO KOKO. The Hon. J. Gardiner Austin, Ck)Ionial Secre- tary, in a communication dated 26th October 1871, confirms previous reports that "The demand for native labour is great," and that "The large number of steamers employed on the coast, and in connexion with the port, give regular employment to engineers." The carrying trade coastwise is now done almost entirely by steamers. Falkland Islands. Extract from the Report of J. R. Longden, Esq., Colonial Secretary, dated 12th November 1858, which appears, from a Report of the present Colonial Secretary, dated 29th December 1871, to be still applicable: — " In a country like this, almost exclusively adapted for grazing farms on a consid';rable scale, little labour is required in proportion f.o the extent of land occupied. The repairs of shipping frequenting the Port of Stanley would of^en employ many more artificers than are resident here, but that employ- ment is, by its nature, very precarious, and, in the intervals, it would be difHcult to find work. Three or four ship-carpenters and a blacksmith or two, with fair knowledge of their trade, would, I think, find employment at wages varying from 6s. or 7s. a day to 15s. or 16s. when there is a press of work. " The colony being, however, established and held solely for its geographical position in regard to the commerce or England with her colonies in Aus- tralasia and on the noith-west coast of America, emigrants cannot be recommended to come and ■ettlo here with the view of providing for them- selves from the soil, as in the case ol^our wheat- growing colonies, having a territorial value of their own, and a soil and cnmaie which give the cul- tivator a safe hope of success. " The attractions for emigrants are very small ; and labour, though high (ranging from 4f. to 6f. a day), is not in much demand. Vegetables grow almost as well as in England, but their sale is limited." Clothing and most provisions arc imported, and are thereioro generally 30 to 40 per cent, above English retail prices. Beef ii from 3d. to *d,, and mutton 6d. per lb. The fuel used is peat cut and dried. Labourers can earn from 5«. to 6s. a day, and carpenters from 8«. 4rf. to 20». a day, according to the demand, which, however, is somewhat un- certain, nnd fluctuates according to the casualties at sea in the neighbourhood of the islands. There are no banks in the colony. There were in January 1871 two surgeons in the Colony connected with the Government Depart- ments, and allowed private practice. In a despatch dated 3rd July 1867, Governor Robinson reports that " As the business of the port increases, so docs the dema id for all kinds of garden produce: but the high pric« of labour keeps back the cultivation of the soil, and places the employer at the mercy of the employee , Unskilled workmen will not take less than 5s. a dny, and at times their wages rise to extravagant raes. Very indifferent female servants earn from SCf. to 35/. per annum. Men servants command from ^ 8/. to 60/. Capk or Good Hope. The Hon. the Colonial Secretary, in a Report, dated Cape Town, 6th February, 1872, says: — " The demand for labour at the Cape of Good Hope is not such as to lead the government to hold out any indi^cement to intending immigrants who will depend upon daily labour ftir subsistence." Natal. Major the Hon. D. Erskinc, at Natal, in his Report dated says: — " There is no demand for art; zans, or field and house servants at the present timi\ All British field and domestic servants have to compete in the labour market with the numerous colored inhabitants work- ing for small wages. Small British farmers who have been accustomed to labour thems elves, and have a little capital, might find it profitalile to emigrate to Natal, where they can purchase ot rent small farms near markets, and live at little cosr. for necessaries." Mauhitiits. In a despatch from the Colonial Secretary, dated the 17th December 1869, which Is stated to be still applicable, it is said that " to keep the island in its present state of cultivation, an annual intro- duction of from 2,000 to 3,000 male Indian emi- grants is considered necessary to make up for de- partures, and for withdrawals from work, by time- expired emigrants. There is no demand for Euro- pean Immigrants." B 2 Colonial Secretary ith February 1869 20 PRICES.— NORTH AMERICA AND CAPE. [1872. t .... , PbIOU or AURICULTURAL I' HUUIJOK AMU FaKI Maw mNO Stock, North Amkrioa. Onterio. Marob, IHTl. Hot* Prinoe Edward Kawftrand- knd. Mot. 1800. ( No Utar return.) nrunswtek, 1 Keb. XtS-i. nootia, Jan. 1871. Island. 8 Fab. UM8. AtarUng. « s. <<. i : 4. 8terllnf. Hierllng. Sterling. < s. d. e ,. a. £ s. if. Wheat per bushel 4 to A S 7 7 7s. td. to 8s. llarler . - - _ a K .1 6 4 3s. to 8f. M. 2s. Od. to 3«. 4s. id. to Sj. Ujt H ."> 'J n .t 8 Not tfrown. Oats - - - - - 1 » „ 2 2 Old U. M. to Is. 10t. Sheep, per •I'ore - - - IS K 20 la M. „ lot. lot. to 201. aot. A K(mk1 Milch Cow - - « „ 8 a 10 8/. , 8/. Ot. to »i. 81. to lot. l'lK» (8 weeks oU) - - each lU K IS 7 • ISs. to U. 8s. to 8s. 10s. A Cart, of the description use<< bjr lamiera about e 7 10 4 4t. to et. ot. 10s. A Waggnn, ditto, ditto - .. If „ IS a 10 lot. to W. Hardy used, i LiRht American | Pluiighs used.' ) lot. to 12t. N >t Ul«i. A riougli. Iron - - 1* 8 „ 6 2 10 81. to St. ins. Ot. A Harrow - - - 4 2 11. U) 21. 10 tost. A Country I'lough - - ■Measure .'^Icigh, for winter Lumlier HIeigh - - - 2 10 2 2{. to 2{. 10s. 2f.lUs. to8t. J 10 e to 10 .too 21. to 8t. 61. to 91. a 10 SI 10 - 4 a 10 It. to It. 10s. Light KIdiiig Waggon fl 18 M«) IS 12/. to 2W. lot. to aut. ist. to aot. • Per owt. r RETAIL PRICE OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. NORTH AMEKICAN COLONIES. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. NATAL. Febmarr 1870. AHielei. Ontario, Maroh 1872. New Bruns wiok. IFeb. 1800. Nora ScotU, Jan. 1871. Prince Edward Island, 8 Feb. 1809. New- foundland, Nor. 1800. (NoUter return.) BritUh Columbia, Dee. 1870.* Van- oourar Dee. 1870. (ATcrage.) Pietermarlti- burg. Doc. 1809. ^1 II 4 Sterling. Sterling SterUng. Sterling. Sterling. SterUng. Sterling. Sterlins Sterling Steriing Sterling. Fbovuions, kc. Arrowroot, per lb. ».d. s. d. S. (/. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 1 8 2 1 , , . 8 8 3 Bacon, „ - - Iteef, fresh „ - - 6r yard It. to2f. Stockings, (woollen, ( ,, 4J,.,, -j Colonial make) - ( ''-^oiolf.?* TroQsera (homespun) - 6f . to 7f. Velveteen, per yard - 2 S Veste, cloth - - 4f .9dto«t.4d.! „ moleikln - ' 7f . to I8f. IS S 6 4 1 S 4 1 4 10 8 Sterling. 10*. to ISt. If. ltd. to St. 7d. to It. 84d. to 4d. 4}d. to M. It. lt.6d. to If .Od, If.' 3d. If. !ld. to 4d. lid. to 3d. 7{d. to 8d. 7d. to 8d. 4id. to id. St. to St. lf.6d. 6d. per lb. 3d. to 2id. IMSt. M.to 1/. ISf . 8t. to lOt. It. to If. Sd. 5f. St. 7d. to 4f. 12f. to ISf. 6f . to 7f . 3t. to St. ed. 4d. to Sd. 4t. 6d. to fit. It.6d.to2t.0d. 1/. to If. ISf. let. 7f. Prince Kdward Island, 8 K«h. 186». Sterling. f. d. 14 St. to 8«. Rd. M. to Od. Sf. to 4d. 4d. to 6d. 8 It. to It 2d. 3 It. bait .id. 4d. to id. n 3 8 7d.toed. 4d. to fid. 2f . to :)f . lt.6dtolf.8d 3«. toSt. ! ] fonndUnd. !<'••'«'•»»''•. Not. :Hfl«..| »J„";. Van couTor Island, Nov. O&^A"^^^ Sterling. t. d. lA 1 id. t Si 10 4 S 10 ..,.„.,.. 4 « 2d. to 4d. M. to 7d. Sllf . 8St. to 40f. SOf. 6d. 2t. 2d. to 4f . If. It. 8d. It. St. «d. St. 6rf. to 4t. 2f. 7d. 6d. Gt. to 16f. 4d. toOd. 2t. M. 2f . to St. St. St. Od. 9d. to I*. 4f. If. 3n», chfck - - each niankets - - _ p. pair Konnets, straw - - each Caliuo - „ white Cap* - - - Dresses, LMerltio „ calico - „ fancy - Flannel - - - Gowns - Mattresses - - ,, straw - Pattiooat!, calico „ flannel RuRs "learth) - Shawih - - - Sheeting, calico - - p. yard „ ,, whits „ Elieets, (ioulile - -p. pair ,, single - - „ Shifts - - - _ each Shoes - - - - p. pair Stays - - - Stot^klngs - - - „ PB0VIII0N8, he. n«oon - -. - -per lb. Beer - - - -p. gall. New South Wales. 29Jan. IK71!.»_ ri<. IkI. to 7». (M.l •M. to Aa. Victoria, 29 Not. 1871. Queensland, ! 21» Nov. 1871. 1 - - p. yard ea<'h p. yard - - eacli Blue - - Brandy - - Bread, 1st quality, 4 lb. loaf „ 2nd quality Butter, firesh - „ salt - - Candles - - - Cheese, English - „ Cofonir' CotJee - - - -per lb. -p. gall. per lb -^loi ■ p. dot. -,per lb. Flour, 1st quality ,, 2n.i quality - „ Milk - - - -pr.grt. Meat, beer, frosh - per lb. „ n "alt - - „ „ mutton, Iresh „ ., n »alt - „ Muitard ~ • - „ Oil, lamp (Kercsine)- p. gall Oatmeal - - -per lb. Pepper -•---„ Potatoes - - -p.ewt. Kioe - - - -per lb. 22.. id. to 6d. it. M. to ."Ws. 2«. fid. to fif. 4». fid. toB*. 7(1. to U. U. M. 12«. (\d iM. M. to 8*. Hi. ad. to 6t. Od. 1<. 2d, 18«. ■Is. 7d. iV. ins. to SO: at. to 7i. Is." bd. lis. to inn. 7s. to 2()». 1 3>. to 4«. Ht. Rd. da. M. 6% to Ifls. Is. to 2s. «.6d. it. 2s. Od. U. lid. Ou. to Is. U. id. Is. 2d. •2St. lid to 2d. \id. Is.Sd. Is. 6d. U.M. 6d. Is. to Is. id. IJd. toljd. lid. 9d.ioid. 2d. to J. id. gx- So*p - - 8twoh • - Bugar - - Tea - - - Tobaooo Wheat - - Wine, Sherry ■ „ (Vlimial p. bush, -p. gall 2.1. (M. id. is. 3d. ad. Id. id. Id, id. 2s. Ss. (Id. fif. to 5<. 6d. ,1.. to'iV. nit. tis. to KM. Is. Hd. to .Is. 7». fld. to »». 12*. to 2IK. 3*. lid. id. to 111(2. 6s. to 211*. 2(. ad. to 7>. U. Hd.'tii .'ui. ."in. to (!s. 4s to7j Cxi. .M*. to ■'•*. 2s. M. to .'is. Us. IW. tn (Is. 4<. to ns. «■/. to Is. 1*. lid. to 2s. Is. to Is. fid. Is. (I<{. to 2s. IW. 4s. to 12s. !!s. (Id. 7s. (W. to l.'is. /is. tn in«. 3s. fid. to fis. 2s. to 4s. M.tols. 4d. 4s. to 2l).i. .'Id. to 2s. 7d. to Is. (Id. Ad. til Is. 4s. (ld.toI7s M. each 4s. to 10s, M.to'is.M. Is. (Id. to Kit. dble.3s. to 7s,lld. •In.) 4s. to 8». ;|s. to rs. (Is. to 1 2s. 8s. to 10s. (Is. to 12^. 2s. to ;is. 10s. to I4s. ,inid. 8d. ed. 8d. to Is. >kl. to Is. Is. id. to Is. 8d, Is. to Is. 3d. 2d. lid. 4d. l{d. to Vid. lid. to Vjd. l]d. to M. lid. to ;m. 8d. to Is. 8d. .Is. tn (Is. Sd. to .'l)d. Is. 2s. fid. to 4s. 2d. to 4d. fid. Id. 4d, tu6d. 7d. 3d. to Ad. 2f . (Id. to St. it. to fis. Ss. ins. to 12s. 4>. I'll, tiviu. (s p U e i e o a u I s UI a M .3 S a s o B I S South Auntriilia, 14 Oct. \ mi. Vs. to 2l)s. 2s. (Id. to as. 21 Is. 4». nd.'tn lis. lid. to Is. irin. tn .'10s. 4«. «d. to 12s. 7s. 2s. Od. to Os. Od. 7s. to r.s. 4s. (Id. in Ins. Gd, Us. to Ills. 7s. tn l.ls. lit. tn V2ii. M. to 2». (Id. ■ Is. 3d. to Us. [•Is. ,'id. to 3*. 7». tn 12s. (Id. ^Is. tn 4s. (Id. '.'IIS. tn :|(W. 7s. tn 12s. 4s, Od. to 7s. Od. ].«. tn2,<. fid. Os. tn .'lOi. 2s. (Id. tn 10s. Od. to 2s. «d. tn 4«. (Id. I each 2ts. tn 40.'. ' ouch Ifs. to 2411. ' Is. ad. tci 2s. Od. J Os. to lOs. 4s. to 2l>s. 4». tn li.». t 2s. «d. to 4s. 4s. il.r. to lis. (id. i 7s. to 20«. I 8.0. tJl UOs. Is. Od. to 3.1. 7». ('s. M. tn 8s. Ids. tn 14s. Os. to lOs. ^<|. 7f. M. to 2.1*. 1.1. (id. to .'is. fxl. to 8 .Id. to4d. / Pd.to Is. Ud. fid. to IDii. lOd. to Is. 4d. lOd. to Is. 4d. 8d, Is. to Is. 8(2. Od. to Is. [ 2d. fid. BfsM.lJd.toOd. If. to Is. Cd. 2f. fid. to ai. 3d. 4d. 2s. 4s. to fis. 3d. to 4d. Is. Id. 4d. to Oi". Sd. to Is. 3d. to lOd. 2s. fid. tn 4s. i!s. to fl«. 3s. lOd. to 7s. 18,1. to 2S.1. I it lid. t" Ills. Is. to Is, fid. \ 20.1. Ud. to 2d. Id. to I id. »i. to Is. (Id. Cd, to Is. Bd. to 7d. Od. to Is. 8d, .'id. to Is. ;«, Is. to 2s. 8d. to 2s. 2d. 4d. to Gd. Sii. to 7il. 2d. to M. 3d. •" «d, Is.Vd. 3t.0d,to4s. Od, 3d, to 4d. Is. ."s. to fis 3. to U. 0(1. ;o2JcZ. id. toOd. .!to 3d. ti. toU. to4d. to M. \il. to 3«. tost.ed. to 18». t irinde. KOKTH AMERICAN COLOXIKS. CAPE OF noon hope. NATAL. Piftermar- ITXnt'Rl), Ontakio, NewBri;n»- WICK, 1 Feb. 187-'. KovA Scotia, New- FOCNDLAMD, Nov. 18(16. (No later return.) Wbstkrn Province, Rabtkrn Province, March 1872. January 1872. Feb, 1872. Feb. 187)1. Deo. 18(iU.t Tbadb Average ArerKge Average Average Average Average OB Calling. Wages. I'rr day Wages. Areraffe Wages. Wages. Wnees. WagM. IVr day Wages. Per day Per day Per dny without Hoard Per dny Per day without without without without without without Board. Boanl. Sterling. niwsi^^uv "\/waia* Boanl. Bonrd. Sterling. Boanl. ~ Sterling. Board. Sterling. Steriing. Steriing. Sterling. Rookliinderc and Printers - _ 4». to 7s. 0«. IHT day 4s. to A*. lilaoksmithn _ it, to A«. 6s. 6*. 4*. to it. 6s.'6<. to6s. 7s. 6d. 301. per an." ■- it. 6d. •• •• • • Qrooms - •■ - ^ «0». to 60s. with 24J. per an. and board. 31. per mo.* |e 3fl(. pernn, , , board per mo. £ and found. Labourers ('SaTTies) _ 4>. to As. it.M. 4*. to 4*. M. g None ,. , , ,, Millwrights and Meohauists . 0«. to8s. It. 6d. C*. to 10*. • . ,, , , Millers - •■ - _ «(. to 8t. fis. 6. to 6«. it. it. 5 St.to4t.e<7. Bt.Sd. 6s. it. to Aa. Sawyers - - -. it. to 6i. Ot. , , h so . . , , it. to Ot. Shepherds or Herdsmen - . SOt. per mo. , , Im 31*. p. m.* 2Cj. p. m.* Shipwrights and Buatbuildern - 6«. t<} 10s. 6s. to 7s. ed. 0*. g St. tofts. 6d. , , Stonemasons . ^^ it. to 7s. 6d. Cx. to 8s. .t at. to 7 1, ad. 6*.' 3(7. 7s.'6<'. Ss.to7s. Stonecutters _ Rs. to 10s. St. 3d. 6*. , , it. to 7*. Smldlers nnd Harnossmakers _ S«. to6s. it. 4*. ! *'-^ , , ^ , it. to 7s. 6(7, Hailninkars - - - , 4s.t it.M. ,, ,, Serrants (Mcle) - - 40s.to 80s. per m. and found. 30s. to 40s. per mo.» 20*. to 2r)«. 127. to 207.' per an.* t •• 27s. p, mo.* 40«.per mo.* 37. to r,i. per month.* „ (Female) . Ids. to 11. 12t. 12s. to 20«. per mo. i ■' IS*, do. M«. do. 30t,toliOs.do.* per mo. per mo.» with board, Jco. and found. 1 •• a None Slaters and Shin^^Iers - - 4s. 6d. to at. M. it. 4s. to£*. • • •• .. Tann«ni - - _ it. to St. 507. per an.* it. , Tailors _ - _ - it. to 8*.; gene- BOU per an.* it. g 4s. to St. u.'m. ««'. S«. to 7*. rally work by piece Tinsmiths, Bratien. ke, - - £s.to6s. it. it. 4 • • .. it. Wheelwridhts _ it. to 7s. 6*. 4«. toSt. lioiirers : • - I Married Single - - Barman Iloyi about 13 or I 14 to tail cattle i Butchers BraM-foundar* - I'lttera and I Monldars - t Bookbinder! Baken Brewers nrick-malierf BricUayern, Town ,, Country Bricklayers La- 1 bourera - ( Blacksmiths, Town „ Country Bullock-drirera - „ for the roads „ for farms - Bush Carpenters - Carters Carpenters, Town „ Country (7aMnat-raakeri - Confectioners Copiwrsmiths Cooks, Male - „ Female - Coopers Coach-builders - „ painters Coachinen and \ Urooms - - ) Compositors Engineers - Farm Labourers - Jtarried couples Hingle Men Fencers, wire OaWaniied Iron- j workers - - i Qlaiiers ft Painters Uardeners - Ueneral Farm ) Serrnnts - ■ ( Grooms llnrneF- • makers { and iMaddlers - j Ilutkecpers Honse-serrants - IroD-founders Labourer. I jTnwn Millers 9s. to 12<.' 80J.t R>. to 12s.* 701. to 80J.« 8s. to 9t.* 601. to 80/.t not. to MJ.t HM.tnfloi. perann., with rations. ISt. to 2Uii. per w., „ 3St. to 40s. per w., „ 5s. to 6<. „ 40s. to 00s. per week, with rations. 70s. to 8rK. without ra. Us. tu 14s. per diem. without rations. OOn. to SO*, per week „ 3fis. todOs. ,. without rations. 40s. to 80s. ,, 0>. to 8s. per diem, without rations. 8i. to 10s. „ Os. to 7«. ,, 8«. to 12s. „ 40J.to80i.'pr«n.»* 401. to fiOI.per an. , w. ra, !»/. to 401. „ m. to «)?. ,. 20s. to 30s. per week, with rations. 8s. to 10s. per diem, without rations. 40(. to flOI. per annum, with rations. 8s. to lOs. per L'ie' , without rations. 10s. to 12s. ,, lOs. to 14s. „ lis. to SOs. per week, with rations. 1*. to It. Id. per 1,000. without rations. 12s. to 14s. per diem, without rations. 261. to 40?. per annum, with rations. .101. to 60/. „ 10s. to lis. pr vr. with ra. Is. id. to Is. lOd.per rod, with rations. 8«. to 10s. per diom, without rations. 7s. to 10s. „ 7s. to Ifls. „ with ra. 30/. t<> 501. per annum, with rati on ». 7s. to l(is. per diem, without rations. 20/. to 801. per annun with rations. lOs. to 14s. per diem, without rations. fis. to7«.p.d., withnutr. 12s. to20«. p.wk.,wltlir. Ht. to 14s. p.d. , without r. 13s. to ISs.t 10s. to 12s.}: 4s. to as.$ 7s. to 10s. 10s. to 12s. 7s. to Ids. 10s. to Ur. 10s. to Us. ) 451.and up. i per ann.** 8s. to 18s. !>0s. to 26s.t 12s. to 15s4 ISf. m. to 60/. per bnnum. 10^1. to 12s. 10s. to lAs. Sr,!. to 601. per annum. 2.'i/.to70/.p.an. 25/.to70/. „ lis. to 6s. 3s.f 40/. to SOI. per an. t 33/. per an.? 24/.toS0/.per an.^ I 3s. per day. 402. to 4£1. pr. an.r 251. per an. } i 15s. to 25s. pr.wkjt None employed 81. to 12/. per an.t' None employed 20s. to 30s. per wk. I 30s. per week 9s. to 12s. 8f. to 12s. H. toV/. 10s. per week.J 12s. per 1,000 on tLe hack, i 7s. 6(<. to 9s. I 4r to 7s. 7s. to 8s. 401. to 451. pr an.} ir,l. to S2/. pr an.) 4.').". to SO/, per an. l/.toU.5s.prwkt 6s. to 7s. 7s. to 9s. 6s. to 8s. I 7s. to 9s. '81. to 4/. per week 30s. to45s. perwk. 5s. to 6s. 15s. per 1,000 os.ir .■is.ir 6s. to 8s. 25/. perann.l 25I.per ann.j 25/.per ann.I iis.M.i is. 6'i. 7s. to 8s.U 5s. to 10s. per wk. 5j. By the job. is. per day. 4s. to 6«. fis. 6s. 4s. 8s. to Ifls. 24/. per an.X 7s. to 10s. 8«. to 10s. 21. 15s. per week, 8s. to Ills. 15s. to 2.'>«. per week .J 8s. to 10s. per wk^ 25/. to 30/.per an.§ 7s. Od. to 88, 8s. 6s. to 8s. 7s. to 8s.ir None employed 10s. 25/. to SO/. per an.; 122. to 242.per na.X 8s. io 10s. 7s. to 9s. 7s. 6s. to 20s. I per week.J 402.to.Ml.peran.9 15s. to 20s. per wcek.t 7s. to 10s. I 262. tn3I2. peran.f Marrlrd Couples 00/. to 70/. per an§ 8s. to 10s. I 9s. to 12s. , 4s. 6 consist of a dwilling, witli a ration of 10 Ilw. of meat, 10 lbs. of (lou.-, 3 lbs. of sugar, and 4oss. of tea (or milk. In lieu of sugar and tea), per weak. ^TT [1872. 1872.] WAGES.— AUSTRALIA— ronftni/erf. 25 New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia, Feb. 1872. Xaw Znnliuifl . Feb. 1878. S9th Not. 1871. S9thNovJ871. Slst Deo. 1871. 81 Dee. 1871. Dec. 1871. Trade or Calling. Arerage Wages. Average Wages. perDay.witli out nations.!! per Day, without Itatlons. per Day, without Kations. per Day, without Uatlons. Malbs. Masons, Town - 9j. to 10«.* 8<. to 18<, p. d.,wi(hout r. 10(. to lis. 8«. to 10a. 8f. to9s. Rs. to 8«. „ Country - 701. to 80J.t • • Milkmen .. 80J.toiOJ.p.an.,withr. , , l.>i«. to 3dt°. pr.wk.; 302. poran.^ _■' ' ■ Millwrights and ) , Kngineers - j .. I0». tol6».p.d., without r. 9». to 12». 9s. to lOs. 6s. Miners , , 6*. to8» 8<. to lOs. 50. to Qs. 8ci. 7s. to 10s. Maori Labourers - ,, 8s. None '* ** Mowers .. . . , , 4». 8d. to 6». M. 7s. per acre " Ostlers - • ■ .. , , 12*. to 12. per wk. 162.to202. peran.i ." raperhangers • • 7». to 8». p.d., without r. .. (with perquisites; 062. to Is. il<2. p. 12 yards. l.'is.toSOs.perwk^ 7». to 8s.f , , Ploughmen - ,. 40/. to.'-.OI.p.an.,withr. .. 2n2.to25{.peran.( 202.to 302. per an.J I'ressmen .. 70«.to80».p.wk.,witht.r. 10«. to 12s. 7». 32. pcrwceklF Plasterers - .. 8*. to 1U8. pA. „ 9#. to 10«. 8s. 6s. to 8s.1I 6«. to 8s. a day. " Plumbers - .. 8*. to 10. , ^ 8s. to 10s. ds. to Hs.U Sa. '* Quarrymen - ■ • 7s. to 8». „ 8s. to 91. 6s. to 7s., and Cs. to 8s.ir 4s. II Reapers(goodsingle) .. piecework. 12s.tol5x. per acre 10*. per acre 14s. to 10s. pr acre Saddlers .. 8j tol3«.p.'d.,witht.r. , ^ 6«. 8 weokj 251. toyo'.pcran.J 3s. to 4*. per yard 242. to 302. pr.ann. •* ,, 2». 6d. to 4». p. ouhio yd., , ^ 2». 2c2. to 2s. Od. '• Stonedressers or ) Masons - - ( • • without rations, 10s. tol2<. p.d.,wtht. r. , , per yard cubic. 8s. to 9s. 8f. [[ • • Tailors ,, 4£«.to50«.p.wk„ „ 5f . to 7«. Od. 7s. to 8s. 4s. to lOs. 5s. ,, Tanners * Curriers ,, . . , 7s. to 10s. I(.6(.to32. perwk. , , • • Tin & Iron plate- ( workers - - j • < 8«, to 10«. p. dm., „ ( 22. to 32. I iperwk.^ t 8s. to 10s. As. toOs. .. .. Turners , , 40».to«)». p.wk., „ 8s. to 10s. Kone employed 7s. to 8s. f t •• Upholsterers Watch-makers & Jewellers , , 8ji.tol2s. p.dm., „ »>. 8«. to 10s. 10«. a day. .. IDs. to 14». „ „ 10s. to 14s. 8s. to Os. .. VVheelwriglit»,Town 7«. M, to \9t* 8». to 128. „ „ , , 7s. to 10s. 22. 6$. per week 6«. a , „ Country QQl. to mi,f , , , , , , ,. ,, . . Whitesmiths , , 8*. to 10». „ , , 8s. to Os. 6s. J , Wire Fencing - ,, , , 2». to Sn. 6d. None employed ,, .. FBMAI.E3.' per rod. Barmaids - ISO/.to.W. pr.an.with !\0l. to 40/. per annum.; lOn. to 12s. p. wk.t None employed , , 1^ in rations. Cooks (plain) , , 262. to 'Ml. „ § 25/. to 35;. „ X 0«. to 12s. „ t 202. per an, ^ 122.to 202.per an.J Cooks and Laun i dresses - - j 302. to 352. „ § ««. to 15*. „ J 852. „ ♦ ■ ■ Dairy-maids - 201!. to lai. 202. to 282. „ 5 20/. to 25/. „ t fis. to Os. „ 1 202. „ » 122. to 202.per an.J Farm Servants - 202. to 2,12. „ S , _ 4,..(W.to7s. „ :: 202. „ J II ff !.a House Servants - 202. to 2o2. „ 9 182 to252.pr.an 8s. to los. „ : 182. „ 1 «l 11 „ ., (Keneral) m. to ;m. 252. to -.m. „ { 182.to252. „ 8«. to 10s. „ 202. „ 1* *t Houaekee)>ers 302. to 402. „ 5 , 10s. to 12s. „ : 302. „ It ** gS Housemaids - 302. to 26{. 2.)2. „ 202.to362. „ 8s. to go. „ :: 202. „ ■ Kitchen-maids - , , 202. to 252. „ § 8s. to Os. „ : 152. „ It It f=3 LadicK-raaids |ii». to 12s. „ ; 2.52. „ II II 1^ Laundresses 262. to 301. 302. ■ „ 5 W.to40'/.pr.an 8s. to los. „ J 202. to 252. „ tl If Milliners 2»». to 30i). per week. 40{.to80{. „ 2"s. per week 252. „ 11 •( Nurses - - - _ , , , Ss. toUs. pr.we««J 182 to 202. „ fi M. to 302. „ Bti (trained) - 352. to 402. per ann. 8 , , , , , , 1% Nnrsery-mnids - ioi. 15/. to 2.')2. „ § 302.ta4il2.pr.«n 5s. to 8s. „ 102. to 202. „ Needle* women - 2A«. to 30s. per week , , lOs. tol5s.p. wk.i generally i pecewurk; l 20J. ,. l2.'.»o 202."per an.J „ plain 20^ to 25*. „ 182. ,, 1 „ dressmakers , , 3«. per day m.to H02. pernnn. Ids. 10 12«. .. X N one emiiloyeil 1 • Per diem (w ithout Board and 1 ..odging). t Pet annum (with lioar i snd Lodging). t '.Vilh Hoard and Lodging. 1 V tricts, and ranges uiuuh hlnner tor n brist poriiKl. Vlth Uoard. 1' Little or no ieniand. ^ Varies in uincreiit dis •• An addition o r from 2.5 to 80 per ■ent. is to Iw made to all these rates wh tlie niirihorn purts ere servn'i^ is taKen In the outside districts either in the n Witli Keep. interior or at (ft) The wives of farm lalioutort wi tb families do not reveire (til. amnun t of money wntcos. .K surtteient quniitity of fnoil U gi ■nor.Oiy allowed for tlie support of th eir chlldrfn, and a corresponding rcdm-tion from the nion ey wiiKCs in of course inaile. 26 COLONIES, GOVERNORS, &c. [1872. List of Governors with their Salaries. — Modes and Dates or Acquisition of the British Colonies. Colony, How obtained and Date, Office. Nahk. Place of Residence. Salary. J^OKTH AMERICA • >.. ..r :,; lOfiOO Canada* Capitulation, 1750-60 Governor General - - - The Rt. Hon. Lord Lisgar, Ottawa . O.r.M.O., O.C.B. Kara Scotia* - Settlement lfi2.'l ; Lieutenant-Governor - Lt.-Gen. SirC. Hastings Doyle, Halifax - - - 1,400 p 1 ceded to Krance, K.C.M.a. f 1««7 ; restored, 1711!. ■2 3 Now lirunswick » Separated t'roiii Nova Lieutenant Governor - Lemuel Allan Wilmot, Esq. - Fredericton - 1,400 B 5 Scotia, 17H4. |5' ©■o Manitoba - Incorporated by Act, I Lieutenant Governor 1870. Hon. A. G. Archibald - - Fort Garry - . 8,000 North Western Ditto, 1870 Territory. BrItlKhUeilumbIa Ditto, 1871. Settle- Lieutenant-Governor - Hon. Joseph William Trutch - New Westminster , lnclii(tinit Van- l couver inland. ment, 1858. Prince Kilward Island Ditto, 1771 Lieutenant (Jovcrnor Wm. C. F. Robinson, Esq. Charlotte Town . 1,500 Newt'oundlaod - Possession taken,l£83 7 - - Gov. and Com.-ln-Chief - J. 1{. Longden,EBq. Port of Spain - 4,000 MEDITERRANEAN AND AFRICAN TO SSESSIONS: . OiliralUr Capitulation, 1770 - Governor - - _ OcnI. Sir F. Williams. Bt., k.c.b. In Fortresi _ 5,000 Malta - - - Ditto, 1800 Gov. and Com.-in-Chief Lt.-Gen. Sir X'at. Grant, o.c.B. a.c.H.fl. Sir 11. Harkly, K.c.B. - Voletta - 5,000 (a) Capo of Good Hope - Ditto, 1806(A) Gov, and High Commissioner Cape Town - _ 6,500 (a) Natal - - - Sep. from Cnpe,Letters Patent, May, 1844. Lieutenant-Governor Robt. Wm.Keate.Esq. Pieter Maritsburg 2is00' St. Helena - Cap. 1600 ; Set. by E.I.C., 1054 i vested iu Crown, 1833. Governor _ - _ Admiral Patey - - - James Town 2,000 WEST AFRICA SETTLEMENTS: Sierra Leone - lOth Fob. 1866 Gov. and Com.-in-Chief Robert W. Keate, Esq. - - Freetown - 3,500 (a) Oaniliia Ditto - - _ Administrator of the Govt, - Lt.-Col. Henry Anton - Bathur«t,St.MarT'8 1,300 (Jold Coast - Ditto - - . Admlniatrator of the (iovt. - Herbert T. Ussber, Esq.,c.M.o. Coniiimnder John liawley Cape Coast Can tie 1,600 Lagos - - - Cession, 1801 - Administrator of the Govt. - Lagoi 1,7U0 Glover, ii.N. KImina and Dutch ) Uulnca - -/ Treaty, 1071 - Administrator (John Pope Hennessy, Esq., X C.M.ti,, F.a.S., F.B.8.A. (o) Including allowanoes. (/.) JliiKuto Land annexed to the Cape under Act No. 12 of 1871, and Griqualand West, 'provisionally, by Governor's Proclamations of 27th Octolior, 1871. * Hy 3U Vict. cap. S. aad Royal I'roolamation of 22nd May 18G7, these three Colonies were from the 1st July I8fl7 formed into one Dominion under the name ot Canada ; an i by Urdcr in Council ol'23rd June 1H70, the North-western Territory and Rupert's Land were Irom th* IStli Juir 1 1870 Incorporated io the Doinmion. t The Leeward lilandt ' - •■ consolidated into one eolony by Act 34 & 35 Vict. cap. lOT. 'W \K 1872.] COLONIES, GOVERNORS, kc. 27 List of Governors with their Salaries.— Modes and Dates of Acquisition of the British Colonies — cant, Sftl«ry. Colony. How obtAtned and Date. AUSTRALASIAN' COLONIES: New South Wales - Settlement, 178S Queensland Ta^minia - Smith Australia Viutoria Western Australia New /Zealand, (c) OxiiEa Colonies : JIauritlus and its De- pendeneies. (c.) Ceylon - - - Uong Kung ft Kowloon r.abuan Straits Settlements, Sinuapore, Trlnce ol Wales Island, and Malacca . I'enani; or Prinee of Wales Island. Mnlacna Falkland Islands Heligoland Separated from N.8. WalcK, Dae. 10, ItuO, Settlement, 1803 Ditto, INK! - Separated from N.S. Wale», July I, 18.H Settlement, 1820 - Set. and Treaty, 1810 Capitulation, 1810 Ditto, no.') Treaties, 1843 60 Cession, 1840 - Settlement, IZfl.'i Capitulation, 1807 QlTICE. CapU-Gen. and Oor.-in-onief Capt.-Gen. and Oov.-in-Chief (iovernor _ - _ (loT. and Com. -in-Chief llov-in-ChicI', Capt.-(len., and Vice-.\drairul. <}0Terniir - - _ (Jov. and Com.-in-Chief (ioT. and Com.-in-Chlef ( !oT. and Com.-ln-Chief liov. and Com.-in-Chief Oov. and Cora. -In-Chief Ciov. und Com.-in-Chief Llaut«nant-GoTeroor Lieutenant -GoTernnr Oov. and Com.-in-Chief Gov. and Com.-ln-Chief Name. PUee of Uesidence. Sir Ilereules G. U. iinhinson, K.C.U.li. The .Moi-t lion. The Marquis ol' Nnrmanby Charli'M l)u Cane, I'>(i. - Hu Hon. Sir Jns. KcrnuHiin, lit. Tub Viscount Cantcrtiury, k.c.d. Frederick Aloj-slus Wold, Fmi. Sir George it'. Uuwen,u.r..M.u. Hon. Sir Arthur II. Gordon, K.C.M o. Wm. Henry OreKory, F.sq. Sir Arthur K. Kennedy, c.B,, K.c.M.o. H. B. Uulwer, Ksq.,c,H.a. - Maj.-(ien. Sir II. St. George Urd,c.D., B.E., Kt. Lt.-Colonel Arch. K. Ilarbord Anson, R,A. C«Dt. Shiiw, B.N. - - _ Colonel D'Arcy _ - _ Lt.-Col. Henry Fitzlinrding Herkeley Maxso. Sydney llrishano Hdliart Town .Vileliiiilo .Molliourno - I'erth - Auckland Port Louis - (Ndoniho - Victoria Labuan Stanley Heligoland £ Tfinu 4,124 (a) ifion (6) A.IKN) 10,1 KX) 2,800 4,W0 6,000 7,0(10 n,ouo HOOdO injsat) dois. 8,470 dols. 7,n,'i8doll. 1,0IKI fiUU (n) Including allowances. (ft) There is an allowance of 2,fl00/. to defray expenses of «8tabli8hracnt. eo^ 5 Ne J as I New Rrunawick - . - - St NovaScoOa - - - - - a S< Manitoba (in 1870) - - - - go jN.W. Territory . - - - Q<« Hritish Columliia - - - - Vancouver ) ExcluaiTe of Indiana - V. laland - ( Aboriginal Indiana - Newfoundland ------ Prince Kdward laland - - . - Bermuda ------- Total, North America - ADSTRAI.A8IA : New South Walea - - - - - Queensland _--.__ Victoria ------- South Auatralia - - _ - - Weatem Auatralia - - - . - Tasmania ------- New Ze.'Uand - - - - - - „ „ Natives- _ _ - . Males. 10,437,053 a03,3IS0 273,112 1,601,1)38 2,634,123 15,Mg,ii71 West Indies : Jamaica - - - Turk's lalanda - Total Bahamas - - - (-Antiifuft - Dominica - I HI. Christopher's i>.s ^ Montserrat ^M Nevis ', VirKin Islands - Harbadoe - Orennda - St. Vincent Tobago St. Lucia - Trinidad - - - British Ouiana - Honduras - - - Is ■^1 Total - - Africa: <^„„. ) White ( C^Pe ICnlouredi - - - - - Natal, White population •• - - -I Cf' -d population including 6,000/ 68 ----- Oam\ - - - - - - HI.,., lo 1 Whites - - - - Sierra i« (coloured - - - - Gold Cut.-- - - - . . Klinina an ' Dutch Ouinea I,n);i>» - ----- St. Helena ------- Total Otiikr Colonies : n.„i„« ) Whites <-«y'°" i Coloured - - - Mauritius . - - - - Seyi'liollnH and other dependencies Hong Kong - . - - Labuan - _ _ _ - Falkland lalanda - . - 853 8,640 71,034 S.707 27S,fi51 71,748 400,700 97,241 15,56.5 52,833 150,3.56 81,067 1,005,603 346,572 2,274 19.349 17,000 13,092 14,1531 8,447 4,526 3,379 73,(K).5 18,?80 16365 7,433 15,880 flO,4a5 108,791 13,780 038,078 290,960 9,272 113,634 7,'ion 73 19,372 443,623 10,473 l,073,l'9S 103,.^75 4,893 90,43.5 8,i'27 519 Femalea. llfiSOfiSi 813,070 78,516 1,756,980 7 768,636 16,267,837 1,027 0,528 72,890 6,710 228.430 48,328 329,168 01,754 9,788 40,475 106,037 24,303 884,281 259,850 2,449 19,813 20,065 14,493 16,411 4,198 5,296 3,272 88,589 10,404 18,823 7,977 17,110 49,233 84,700 11,846 21,487,688 1,216,420 351,028 3,358,613 5,402,769 31,817,108 1,879 18,1163 144,324 1,620,8,50 1,101,570 285,777 387,800 11,853 28,7(K) 60,000 5,(H)0 1 10,000/ 148/.;i6 94/)21 12,426 3,844,530 6034)81 120,076 729,868 188,995 25;i53 00,.')28 256,393 55,070 1,070,064 648,535 275,102 7,030 110,203 6^84 29( 10,462 { 3,343 431,943 8,49(1 09,5,302 122,4'I7 4,162 84,763 1,871 384 500,423 4,723 30462 37,123 27/185 804H2 7,645 9,822 16,651 161,594 37,684 3.5,688 tl,5,410 32J)i)0 109,(t!8 103,401 25,635 1,282,213 1 187,430 ! 378,710 17,202 232337 14,100 38,036 400,070 141,236 6,241 1,417,770 18.0.11JI 2,0(i8,4rt) / 316,042 0,055 124.in8tt 43!h 803 Authority. Census, April, 1871 - Blue Book 1870 - Blue Book 1870 - - Police OlUoe Estimate, Harob 1871, exolusive of Troops. Census 1871 - - Estimate 1868 - Census 1871 Census 1861 - Census 2 April 1871 Census 2 April 1871 Census 1 Sept. 1871 Census 3 April 1871 Census of 1871 Annual l{i>turnB 1871 Census 7 Feb. 1870 Census 37 Feb. 1871 Census 81 Oeo. 1864 :| Census June 1871 - Census 3 April 1871 Census of 1871 Census 8 April 1861 Onioial Est. 1871 - Census 2 April 1871 Cinsus 1861 - Census 1861 Census 5 April 1871 Census 2 April 1871 Census 1 May 1871 Census 9 April 1871 Census 7 April 18324 26,848 11,055 14,602 241.148 :S2.5,885 26,220 13093^7 648,732 109,317 21,037 68,033 41,683 85,600 18,438 044,445 1326,871 501,570 Mauritius. 877,224 7,301 8,088 Year. 1871-2 1860 1870 1870 1871 1860 1868 1868 1870 1870 1870 1870 1871 1870 1870-1 1870-1 1860 1870 1871 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1871 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1860 1808 1870 1870 1870 1870 1871 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 • Infi>rniBtinn fur Kmisrnnts, Dominion of Canada, 1872. t Total cstimiited Population to 31 December 1870, 17304. t Kxo usivo ol 41A''l aliens and ro iilent strangers. The total population "f ("cylnn. meoiding tothe census of 25 March. 1871, was 2,4054!87. S Includinc Parliamentary (Jnuit of 1,1001. || Of these ,'18 innles ami 7 females are whites, the rest are coloured population, ^ Males, Europeans and Armenians, 4,876 ; Indians and mixed blood, 2,627 ; Chinese, 82 032. Females „ „ 1,0S5 „ „ 190 „ 32,512. 1872.1 COLONIAL BANKS. 29 PUBLIC COLONIAL BANKING COMPANIES. Colony, and Nun« of Bank. Whether Incorporated or L'n- incorporatad. Amonnt or Share. Canada : Bank of Montreal QueheeBank - - - CltyBMik - - , - Bank of British North America Banque du Penple Niagara Diitrict Bank - Mnlson'i Bank - - - Bank of Toronto Ontario Bank - - - Eaatern Townships Bank Bank National . . - Bank Jaoquen Cartier Merchants' Bank Koyal Canadian Bank - Union Bank - - - Mechanics' Bank Canadian Bank of Commerce - Metropolitan Bank Dominion Itank - Vamcouvbe Island : Bank of British North America Bbitmb Columbia : Chartered Bank of British Co- lombia. NovjL Scotia : Bank of Nora Sootia UniinBank - - Merchant Bank - - - People's Bank _ - - Halifax Banking Company. Bank of British North America. Bank of Montreal (Branch). Bank of Yarmouth (Yarmouth), Exchange Bank (Yarmouth). Commercial Bank, Windsor. New B&dhbwick : Bank of British North America - Bank of New Brunswick Westmorland Bank St. Stephen's Bank People's Bank - - - Bank of Montreal NswroDMDLAMD : Union Bank of Newfoundland - Commercial Bank of Newfound- land. Pbinci Edwabd Island : Bank of Prince Edwar.i Iiland - Union Bank of Friiiee Edward Island. Farmers' Bank,Rnstieo, P. E. I. Summeraide Bank Incorporated Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Incorporated Incorporated Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Inoorporated Do. Do. Do. Do. Dol>. 200 100 80 Ml. It. £0 100 £0 SO 40 100 100 lUO 100 SO 100 80 M 100 SO SO Extent of Share- holder's Liability. 20 SO SO SO our. Do. Do. 121 lOi. „ 200 Dolt, 80 our. 6 13 4 18 4 IS 8 3 Twice the amount of share. Do. 1)0. To paid-up capital - Twice the amount of share. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1)0. Do. Do. Do. Limited to paid-up capital. Twice the amonnt of share. Name of London Correspondent. Limited to paid-up capital. Twice the amount of share. Do. Amount of share - Do. Twice amount of share. Twice the amount of share. Do. Do. Do. Do. Union Bank, Lon- don. Do. niyn at Co., London llrad omce, St. He- len's PI., London. National Hsnk of Scotland, London. Boi0,OiK)/., all paid. 400,00u;., all paid. 484,055/., all paid. 1,250,000;., all paid. i,oou,uoo;., all paid. 1,2110,000;., all paid, lrMX),000;.,paid up. 600,000;., all paid. 1,000,000;., all paid l,ooo,uoo;.; paid- up 4.S7,600;. : reserve fund, 45,000;. 1,000,000;. ; paid- up 500,0110;. { reserve fund, 125,0ier, Nelson. Cbristchurch, Du- nedin, larercargUI, Hokitika, and Timaru. Agencies at Oreymouth, Weatport, Cliarleston, Koss, Wainea, and UraliamstowD. Bank of iVew; Zealand - Head UfHce, Auckland. BranctieB at Old Broad St., London, New Plymouth, Uunedin, Welling- ton, Nelson, Wanganui, Hokitika, Cliristoliuroli, Lyttelton, Tioiaru, Oamnru, Imreronrgill, Napier, Pic- ton, Blenheim, Kainpol, NcwuhsiIo, Tokomairiro, Kivertun, Greymoutb, and Buleclutha. Agencies at oil the Gold Fields, Bank of Xew South Wales Branches at Auckland, Wellington, Wanganui, Nelson, Cbristchurch, Uunedin nnd Invercargill, Hokitika, nnii Greynioutb. Agencies at Oruhamstown (Thames <.lold Fields), Westpnrt, lUaeko, Uunston, Alount Ida. Kosfi. Charles- ton, Cromwell, IJunston Creek, and Laurence. Bank of Australasia - - - Branches) at Auckland, Wellington, Christohurob, Uunedin, Hokitika. Agencies at Uraliamstown, Wanganui, Ureymoutb, diatford. BankofOtago - - . Branches at Dunedin, Port Chalmers, Invercargill, Clutha Furry, (jueeiis- tnwn, Oamaru, Itiverton, Switiers, Taieri, Palmerston, Tokomairiro, and Winton. Falkland Islanoi - - - Whether Incorporate or Unincorporate. Do. Do. Unincorporate Incorporate - Unincorporate Do. Do. Incorporate Do. Not incorporate Incorporate ' Do. Corporate - No banks. Amount ' of Share. £ 10 10* M SO 2fi 40 35 20 Kxtent of Share- holder's Liability. 40 SO 10 paid up Do. Do. Unlimited Twice the amount ot share. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Unlimited Twice the amount of share. Amount of share and anotlier equal sum. Double the Amount of caijitul. Amount of slinro Name of London Correspondent. Head OlHce, Cornhill. 73, Union Bank of Lon- don, Cavan, Lubbock, ft Co., 20, Finabury Circus, K. Natiuiial llnnk of Australasia, 10, Curiibill, K.C. Union Bank ot Lon- don, nnd Bank of NewSuutb Wales, 37, Cannon 8t, London and West- minster Bank, liOthliury. Head OIHce, 33, Old UroKil ,st. Head OtUce, 4, Tlircitdnecdie St. Head 0»ice, 1 Bank BulldingH, Luth- bury, London. Branch of the Bank, Old Brood St. Old Broad St. Head OiHcc, London Tiie Bank of Otngo, Limitrd,fi, Adams Court, Old Broad Street. "CaplUI and Aninunt paid lip. 600,000/.; power to increase to 1,000.(11 KM. 390,000i. 30,000{. 1,000,(KX)/. ; paiil- up MO,UIHI<. Paid-up 103,020/. Capitol 120,000/., all paid. 1,000,000/., all paid. 1,2110,000/. : paid- up 000,000;. 1,250,000/., paid. all 1 ,000,(«KI ; paid up tlU ttt, l.ondo>i HPd County Bank. IlcadOmce.W), Can- non St., Iiondun. llnnkerK, Hank of KoKland and Al- liance Bank. Bank of ICngland and Alliance Bank. Union Bank of London. Lend, k Westm. Bk. London and West- minster Bank. Head Office, 10, King William Street. Head Office, 90, Can- non street. Head Office, Old Broad St. Head Office, South Sea House. Head Office, Bank of England. Union Bank of London. Head Office, Old Broad St. CaplUl •ud Amount paid up. 7S,800{.,all paid. 100,0001.; paid- up no,(ioo}. 100,000/. ; paid- up m,m)i. l.V),n0(V. ; paid- up 7«;i5.'S/. 144,IX)0/. ; paid- up (I2,000{. .',00,000/., all paid. 3,000,000; paid- up 438,490/. 20,000/.; paid-up 8,7«0/. ,',0,000/. : paid-up 3»fiO0l. 48,7A0/. ; paid-up 16.250/. 60,000/. ; paid-up 17,1.10/. 22,030/. : paid up 13,218/. 60,000/. ; paid-up 1,320/. 13,865/., all paid. 19,006/., ail paid. 120,000/.; paid-up 72,(K)0/. 131,7A0{., all paid. 120,000/.; paid-up 07,739/. 80,000/.; paid-up 16,000/. 40,000/.; paid-up 20,000/. 40,000/. ; paid-up 20,000/. 34,RlS/.; paid-up 21,e90{. 80,000/. ; paid-up 19,600/. fiO/WO/.; paid up 20,189/. 00,000/.; paid up 16,600/. 100.000/.: paid-up 83,70«/. mtflOOl. ; power to inurease to 1,500,1100/. 2,000,000/.; paid- up 240,000/. 600,000/., aU paid. 1,260,000/., all paid. Rs.6,625,000pd-up 663,600 reserve. I,600/)00/., all paid. 760,OOOI.,allpaid. .N 1872.] COLONIAL BANKS. 33 PUBLIC COLONIAL DAKKINO COMrANIKS-rotUmwd. Colony, and Name of Uank. Whether Inooi'poraM or Unineurporate, Amount of 8barai. IIONO KiiNO— con*. (Jhirtered Itank of India, Austrnlia, and ChlnH. Comptolr d'Esconipte de Pari* - Incorporate IlnnK Kon« and Slmngliai liankinx (^nrptiratiun. At!nil>auk Mauritius I Oriental Bank - - - - Commercial Bonk - - _ Jamaica ■ Colonial Bank • - - - Bbitisii Odiana I CiilnnlAl Hank - - - . Uritiah Ciuiana Bank - - - St. Tiiohai, St. Cboix i liuuk of St. Tliomns QABBADOa Tbinidao Ubenada ST. Vincent - 8t. Ldcia Dominica Amtigua St. Kitts - Dkmebaba •> Bbbbiob Kinqiton MoNTEoo Bat St. TBOMAg ST. Cboix - 1 > Colonial Bank Uo. 1)0. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. F». aOfl 4(),0()0 25 2U 100 100 fiO 100 Kxtent ct Share- hold«r'« Llalillltr. Name of London Correapuudent. Capital and Aniuiinl paid up. Amount of iliaro - Duutilo amount of a hare. Twicfl tlie amount ol HJiarr. Amount of almio - Amount of ihare - Do. Do. Do. Union Hank of Ijondnn. I.oiuiiiii and County llHnl(. Meaiirs Ulyn & Co. Ileiiil Ortlcp, South Sea lliiUKO. Iliiriiot, ll(>aie,lc Co., J.umuanl .St. 1". St. Ilcnd Oltioe, lj thii Pro- viiiiw iifQiiclMir witliiiiit II iiritvintiM M-rvice under nrticle* liluritiK A yvnm ((ir4 yAiira in cnitu tlioy nni KriwIunUil iifa univi'mltv). In mump i'iuii'h !rn('tiKO an linrrinlerH in tho oniirlH of liiw. (l) lliiriiittcri) of the UnitodKinKiinm or nf any ol' the North Aniorli'aM I'roTinucs which admit in their courtu I'linndian ImrriHtern to prnrtiKe, arc allowi'd (in the latter ca»o with tlic Banction of tliu Canndian Law Hnoietv) to praotiKe in the province cf Ontario. (2) Hache- iore or maiitor» of arts, or liacliclora of law, in any of the univeraitics of the Unili'd KinKdiim, who have iiecn ad- mitted Into and lieen Btandinn on the hookn of the Law Society of Upper Canada an ntudentu of law lor three years. See cap. 34., Cunaol. Statu, uf Upper Canada, page 410. Attorneya, Similar annwer a» for bar- riatcrn. I'hynieianii, AurKeoni, and Apotheeariea. rerKonn holdintt M. I>., dcKreen fhtni any univeraityorridli'Ke In tl, M.'Kidomf- ^1 niuna, arc entitled to dlplnniaa a« liccntiatcH, from the (-olonial ('idlene of riiyKlciaaa and SnrReona, to prHctUe withont underxoinK any further inveati|,'atiiin into their iinaliHcatiiinH. Itntthi-vmunt prove llii'ir idc^ntity.iin nath, to the itatlKfactioii of the Hoard. tiurKCuna liiddinu diploinanfroTii the Itoyal Collcite ofSurueona of Knvland, S<'iiManil, and Ireland (l)nldin), or liccntiatreinif fimnd iinaliticd after an exnmlnatiiin, In aU the branches rei|ui rod for a voneral practitioner, Apotliecarlen, HianenainK the diploma of the Hoyal ColleKe of Siirgeona nr Kiiglaml and the Apothccarien Company (otlierwii>e called Oeneral I'rai-titionera in Kiiu'land), will he entitled, hy a late reKUlation, to practlne all the lirancliea of medii'ine without anv further exami- nation on aatUfyinu the lloanl of < loveniors, of tlieir identity. K Medical men, being natlrea nf the United Kint'dom or nf a Rrttish eolony, will get a licence to praetiaa upon producing their diplomaa, and nndertfoinK a natUfactory examina- tion by the Medical Hoard in the pro- vince. Unloaa admitted and en- rolled in the prnriiiclai ciinrls, no jierKon can practice im an attorney or nolicitor. ItcKidcM cn- Inniata tl.c following pcrHons lire eliirilde for adnilxHion. (1) Hache- lorn or mastera of nrti«, or liachchira or diKtiira of lawa of the United' Kingdom who have liecn articled for three yeiira to a practlainK attorney or aollcitor in the Province of Ottawa. (2) Itarriatera and iittorncva of the United KinKdoni, and writera to the aiftnet in Scotland, who have been articled for one year to a practiaing attorney or nolicitor of the Province. See cap. 35 of Conaol. Stats, of Upper Canada, p. 411. Nkw Bkdnswiok Nova Sootia NEWroaNDLAKD FniNCE Kdward Island. HniTisii Columbia and VANCODVEit I.4LAND. Legal KenUaman practiao In this colony both aa barriatera and attnrneya, eommoncinit Hrat oa attorneys, and lieinit aftcrwarda called to the l>ar. A peraon ooming from any other part of Her JIajcaty'a dominions muat produce a eertittcate from the court in which lie bin practised, or from one of the jiidi(e» thereof, that he hiis conducted liiinself with credit and reputation liurini; hia practice there. He muat enter aa a student with a barriater reaidinK and practisiiiK in the iirovince, and continue i^ such atudent for one year. At the end of that iwHod ho will ■ •. .-xa- niined by three of the benclicra of the Harristera' Society i. k to b'.; knowledire of the law,«nil on their certificate will 'w ri'j-iitf/ d i. practise aa an attorney. At the expiration of one year from bia ti - mia.tion aa an attorney he may be called to the bar, if hii< coniVviOt in tlie meantime baa been good Same aa In New Brunswick. Uarristera or Adrocates of the United Kingdom can practise in Newfoundland on lieing admitted hy the Law Society and paying 2(1/., and can also practise as Attorneys on being also regularly oilmitted and paying a fee of V)l., without any service in the eolony. Barristers are admitted to the bar of this colony upon the same conditions aa barristers of the island would be admitted to the bar of the country or colony from whence they came. In case of no such reciprocal admission, a sarvieo of 12 months in a barrister's ottiee in the colony is required before admiasion. Similar answer as for bnr- ristcrs. Similar jiroviaions as for barristers upjily to at- torneys, sulicitors, and proctorii. No person can praotiae phyaioor surgery , unleaa he shall hare obtained a diplo- ma from some college or other public institution of Great Britain, Ireland, United States, or Canada, authorized to giant the same ; or, unless he shall have liecn carefully examined by com- petent judges appointed by the Oo- veriioroftho Province in Council, and uiion tlieir report shall have received a licence tVom the Governor for that purpose. There arc no regulatioua aa to apotheeariea. Same aa in New Brunswick. Surgeons or apotheeariea can practiae imniediately under their British or t'oreiga qualitications. British and foreign physicians, anrgoona, and apothecaries ctin praotiae ; iiut must lie registered before they can legally collect feei*. See Act of 1867. The colonial Inwa, No. 8 oflSfiS and No. 10 of 18()7, authorize, — (1) Harritters or advocates mlmilted to pra 'lice in any of the superior courts in Knglrfnd, Ire- land, or in the colonies where the . common law of ICnglaiid prevails, or in the C'oiirt of Session iu Seotlmid : (2.) any person who has taken the degree of Doctor of Civil L-iws at any University in the United Kinu'ilom ; (3.) any person iiistrnctcd within thia Colony In the knowledge and prac- tice of law, and duly qualitiad to be called to tlie Bar there, subject to any future reguiationa established within the Colony, to practise in the courts ot British (Columbia and Vancouver Isliuid. Provided, in the cose of colonial barristers and advocates, the oaii'lidates, if applying alter the eatabliahment of oxaminationa for admission, but not before, shall have paaaed such examination in the laws and practice of Bntiih Columbia. >872.] Colony. BikMUDA Jamaica lUnnADOf Kbitisii Udiana TnlHIDAD Mauritidi LEGAL AND MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS. U BArrliten. Attorn «yt. SInitlsr antww llarriaUira. M for I'bjriiiclMii, SurKeiiiii, uiiil AiHillievartea. TlMn U no Uw (OTamlng tbit mUlMt. A Colonial Aet prohibltf, under n iwiiitlty ul'Aii/., Aiijr ponun I'rniii prno- UnInK lut Coiinnel ur Atluriiry in tlis CoiirtiKjr CoiMiii'in I.nw In Kermuda, unli'tD mieli pflrnon Hhill Imro lie«m wlmittstl a Karrliter-at-Law In Knalanil or Ireland, or a mimilior ol' the Fnoiilty of Aiiroaatcn in Sootland, or iball liavii kept at laait 11! term* in one nl' the Innit of (Niurt in KnKland or Iroland, or •hall liarn nerTeil three yean, or loagm,iun pupil uiidamuuio itarrtitor or Attorney practicing in the said lilandu of Hermuda. Uy 29 Viot., Senii. II., cap. 8., memben of iho Kngliiih, IriKb, or Scoteli liiir, cnn practiai! dii application to the nu- prenie court uf the inliind, on tlia produetl.in of their oertiHcate of quali- Ucation. Tliero arc no forelxn bar- riitare in tba iiland. No one can practlae unlena reKiilarty called to tlie l\nr in Knuland, Act No. an. of 1810; hut .Bolicitora may act aa Uarriattr^ vrliern the Jmlite la aatiaHed thnt their clienta cannot ob- tain other Counael. Unrrlateri duly admitted to practlae liefiire any oourt ol cnnipetent Juria- dictlnn in Oreat liritain and Irolnnd are eliffihle to iirHotiaa in I'ritiah Guiana without further examination. Similar anawer aa for bar- riKtcra. I,aw 1.1 of I Mill allowo a liiiiltcd ntimlicr iilnltonieya of not lc»a than aoven yciira atand- ing to prHctJHO aa ad- vooatei. Attnrneya, SolicitorK, and I'roctora mnatnerro Hvn yciira in an Attotney'i ottlce in Itarhntlua, un- leaa they have been rc- Bularly admlttoU in Englanil. Similar anaworai for bar- riitors. Krery perion regiatj-rcd under the Im- perial Act (21 A ':-i Viot. c. IN)) iienti- tlcil to practlae incilicliie or lurgery in any part ol the lalnnd. There la no lawreRulatin^ tbe praetico of Medicine or Surgery in Uarbadoa. Medical practltionora mult either pro- duce a diploma from the Koyal Col- lege of I'hyaiolAna, London, Duldin, or Kilinhursh, or from the Koyal t'ollovc of Surgflona of thoae citiea, or fnim the I'niTcraitlea of Oxford, ___ . Camhridne, St. Andrew, (llnagow, Aberdeen, Kdlnbur«l», Duldin, Iho London Univeraily, or the t^ucen'a Univemityol Irciiind, or from the FHCulty of I'b.vaicinni nnd Surtceona of OInavow, or from the Uiiivcmitlea {if I'liria, Vionnii, or llerlin. or any other foreivn unirereity or eolleKe reiiuirinit i>imilnr iiualiticationa in cnndidatea lor tlieir inedleal diploiiiaa and degrcea, or muat underiro nn eiamfnation In tiie colony, on pnaaing which the licence to praoti«e la Bulijeot to a atamp duty Jeot to a atanip duty of fiO dollari. No irarson can practlae unleaa he ahall have been preTiuualy admitted a Uarrlater of thu Kiiglinh or Irlah bar, or an Advocate of tbe Civil Law in England or Ireland. Application for udmlaaion to l>e made to the Judgea of the Supreme Civil Court, and pro|K)r certiUoatea produced. Suah persons only as have beea ad- mitted aa Barristers or Advocates in some one or other of the Queen's Superior Courts in Oreat liritain or Ireland. Proper certiHcates to lie produced and the Oath of Allexianoe to be taken in the Supreme Court. The aiimisaion ia to prac- tlae MS a Bolicitor, nnd not a» an attorney. Tolio nilniltted.a aolicitor the peraoii muat have been ilrnt admitted to practlae, and lie at the time of hia application actually on the roll as an attorney or solioltor in Knidand or Ireland, or be a writer to the signet in Scotland. No person can practise pliyaie or Burgery unleaa he ahnll hiive ohtiiliied nnil produced to the medical lioaril a (liploihii from some iinlvorait,v, col- leifc, or Incorporated society ol Oreat liritain or Ireland, or unleas he ahall have acrved as a surgeon or nsaiatant surgeon in the army or navy, and not have lieen diamisaed from tlio same ; and t)ie medical board on being satiafled on theae points grant a certi- Heate of admission aa a member of tba medical board, which entitles the applicant to practlae. For this a fee of S/. is paid. Apothecariea must be examined by tbe medical board before obtAlning a licence. Persons who have been admitted to practise as Solicitors, Attorneys, or Writers to the Siunet in the (Queen's Sujterior CourtH In Ureat Britain or Ireland, are entitled to practise as Attorneys in Mauritius. (Colonial Diplomas are obtained after six yrara' service with a Ijocal Attor- ney ; two years' service with a Local Barrister, or four years' ssr ■ vice with an Attorney or Solioitor practising before the- Queen's Superior Courts in Oreat Britain or Ireland, may be recltoned in diminution of six years' Local service. Bai:helen duly admiited to prnctii"e in the Supreme Court of the Colony ol the Cnpe of Omd Hope, may be admitted and eiirolleii to act as barrister or advocate in tho Huprcme Court of Natal. Any person who has been admitted to practice at Weftmincter or Uublin, or who !s a writer to the fidnct ill Scotland, may lie admitted an attorney at the Cape on produc- tion of bis papers. Also any person who has served under an At- torney at the Cape for ilvo years, or if he has served three years and passed the I'd class ex- amination in law and Jurisprudence. rhysioiani, Surgeoiu, Mid Apothecaries. Tho re^rulations for thn admission of harriiiters and attorneys to practice in the Colony are contained in n set of rules of the Snpri'nifl Omrt, dated '23d J)eccmber ISO.'!. All perKons who have been duly called to the bar in Knicland, Scotland, or Ireland, are ad- mitted to practise as barristers, after an examination touchini; their com- pliance with the rules,— their cull to the bar, and their fitness to practii-e as barristers, and the payment nf an adraissii-..i fee of ten KUineas. Persons not called to the Itritish bar must undergo a studentship in the Colony or four years, unless tbey have taken tho dcureo of Hachelor of Ij'^ws, or ItachelorofArtSgin the University of Moll)oume, or in some Univeri!riroduc- tion to the medioal co:nmittee, of his diploma or other certiHcnte of quallH- cation. Any medical otticer. however, of Her Maiesty's land or tea service, mav exercise Iiif profession without such licence. Any person may practise as physician, surgeon, suri:eon-aecouche. '.apothe - eary, chemist or druRgist, nj 'ikins out n eovermnent licence, to olituin which, his iipidioation to government must be supported by vouchers of his qualilications, which are to bo rub- niltted to a medical board. Any medi'nl oHicer of H.M. land or sea service may exercise his prnfession without such licence. The licenser is subject ti> im annual stamp of fiJ. or Circuit Courts of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, shall be, and any person instructed in tho knowledge of the law may he, admitteil uiid enrolled to act as attorney of the Supreme Court of Nntnl. Attorney.", proctors, and writers to the SiRnet of thctJnIted Kingdom arc admitted to practise in thet/'olonyonliling with the I'rothonotaryof the Supreme (!ourt their original or auntml cer- tificate, and n copy thereof with the affida- vit ptescrilicd by the iulc.'<, and the p.iyment of an admission fee of I ten guineas. Other per- j KoiinmUBtlje articled for ■ Hve years, or if articled , iiefore in the Ilnitod Kingdom, or any Itritish colony for a less term, I they must complete the ] period of rive years as an ; art'cled clerk to any at- torney or solicitor in Victoria, or any other British Colony. By tho " Medical Practitioners' Statute, 1805," (30 Vict., No. 2fi2), which repeals the previous rots, no person can hold any public medical appaintnient, on stiorcoratioat, or can enforce payment of ills Ices for medical scrvices.unlesshc shall havH been registered and have ob- tained a eertitieat.T of qualitlcation from the Colonial Medical Hoard under tho provisions of the Act. Evdry natural iMirn or naturalized subject, who slinll jirove, on personal attendance, to tho satisfaction of the Medical Board, that he is possessed of any one or mora of the following ciuallHcaiions, is entitled to registration, and to receive a ccrtiti- eate of mialilleation :— 1. Feliow, Sleniber, Licentiate, or Kxtra- Liecntiate of the lioyal College of I'bysiclans of London. 2. Fellow, Member, or Licentiate of tho lioyal College of I'hysicians of Edin- burgh. 3. Fellow or Licentiate of the King and Queen's College of rbysicians of Ireland, ' 4. Fellow or Memltcr of the IJoyal Col- " lege of Surgeons of Kngland. S. Fellow or Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeoi of Edinburgh. 0. Fellow or Licentiate of the Foculty of Physieians and Sur,{eons of lilOSKOW. 7. Fellow or Licentiate of the Koval College of BurgeoLS in Ireland. 8. Licentiate of the Socic^ty of Apothecaries, London. 0. Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Hall, Dublin. 10. Doctor or Bachelor of Medicine, or Master in Surgery of some British or Colonial University. 11. Any legiilly (lualitled practitioner registered In the United King- dom under the Acts of the I'.irlisment ot the United Kingdom of (ireat Britain and Ireland, passed respectively in tho twenty-rirst and twenty-second year ol Her .Majesty, intituled " An Act to " regulate the Qualltioations of I'ractitioncrs in Medicine and " Surgery," and m the twenty-seconil year of Her Majesty, intituled " An Act to amend the Meilicnl Act (18,'i8)." 12. Medical Officers du'y appointed and confirmed of Her Miyjesty's Sea or Land Service. 13. Any person who shall prove to 'i.he satisfaction of the Board that he has passed through a regular course of medica! study of not less than three years' duration in a Britii-h or foreign school of medicine, and has received after due examination from some British or foreign university collego or body, duly recognised for ;l">t purpose in the ccjntry to which such university college or othir Iwdy may belong, n loedieal illploma or degree certifying to bis aljility to practise nirdioine or surger/, as the case may be. 1872. 1872.] LEGAL AND MEDICA^ PRACTITIONERS. 37 C0I0U7. New Sudth Wales QOEENSLAMD WeSTBBN AOSTBi- SODTU AnSTBALIA- Tasmania New Zealand tlONO KOHO BarrUteri. BArriatera are fulmitt4!een duly attraltted and enrolled as a linrriater, attorney, aollcitor, or proctor, in tin; supreme court of the province, under a penalty of £02, for each offence. Barristers holding Engliah qualiHca- tlons have merely to report thcm- selvci at the otticc of the registrar of the Supreme Coart, Hobart Town, and produce certiticates which, it curre<:t, will enalile them to practise in the Supreme Court, ic, after they shall have been sworn in, in the ordi- nary manner. Barilaters or advocates who have hcen admitted iii UreAt Britain or Ireland, the Auatralisn Colonies, ur Ta«mania, ire admitted to practiae in the Su- lircme (;ourt on production of their 'iriuinal ccrtiflcato of nilininnion and aHiJavit ot identity, and after pasalng a colonial examination and pajmont (if library fee (2(1/. 8».)— Kegiilie ;ualitled medical practitioners. Same la in New South Wales. See answer to barrister*. Ko one ts deemed to be a legally qualiUed medical practitioner in South Australia, unless be aball have proved to the satiafaetion of the medical board, and have obtained a certilleate from them, that he is a doctor or bachelor of medicine of some university, or a physician or aurgeon licenaed or admitted as such by aom; college of physicians or surgeons in Cireat Britain or Ireland, or holds a oertilicHte of qualitlcation to practine as an apothecary from the Lon- don Apothecaries Company, or ii> a uieiiiber of the Company of Apothecaries of Dublin, or a graduate in fdicino of some recog- nized Ibreign university, or a medical cC - in the Queen's sea or land service. The fee for the certiliuat» one guinea. Col. Acu, No. 17, of 1844, and No. 1 of IMO. Similar answer as for bar- risters. Solicitors, attorneys, or writers who have been admitted in one of the courts of Westminster, l)ublin, or Kilinliurgh, 1 including alieritfacouita, or as proctors in any court in England or Ireland, oriu aoltcitorn, attorneys, or proctors in any supreme court of any of Her Majesty's Physioians, surgeons, and apothecaries, have to report themselves to the '.(oard of Medical Examiners, and their enrolment in the list of duly quallHcd practitioners is then published in the Uovernment Uaiette. By the Medical PractlUoners Act, im, which is similar in its main object* to the (Imperial) Medical Act, I8.W, re- giatered Uritish pbysiciaiis, surgeons, and apothecaries can practise immo- diat(dy on the atrength of their British qualitieationi', without being required to undergo any process in the colony to (fualify tliem for following their pi'oteaaion,e.xceiit that of registering their diplunifts or other qualiHeation. colonies, are admitted to practise in the Supreme Court ui>on proof of their original admission and identity, and upon exami- nation ana payment of library fee 1211.) Articled clerks who have served Hvo year;* to solicitors out of the Colony may, on serving three years as solicitors' clerks in the Colony, be admitted iia practice subject to the proviaioiui of the "Lr-' Practitioners Acta"ofl8(!land 1807, Attorneys or writers in one of the courts of Westminster, Dublin, or Edinburgh, or I'roo- »(irB in Kneiand, ap- proved hy the Supreme Court, are admitted by th-! Court to iiractioe as attorneya and proctors. Britiah subjocu who ha> e been articled to a Irxal practitioner within the C!olony for live years, ore admissible as attorneya, solicltora, or pro(!tors, on passing an examination. Set? Ordinance No, S of 1871. A* reapecti medical practitioners, no restriction at present exist*. jNE ALIENS. [1872. \'>, Aliens, — Naturalization and LAMOHOLriiNO HlCilfTII OP, — IN THK UnITEO KiNGDOM AND THE Colonies. Until recently ulienA before naturalization could not by the laws of England hold, and conseqiently could not transmit to their representatives fn ehold lands. By an Act, however, 33. Vic. cap. 14, passed 12 May 1870, and called "The Naturalization Act, 18'. 0,^' the status of aliens in th« United Kingdom is now determined. This Act repeals all previous legisla- tion on the subject comprised in 15 Acts, and parts of 3 Acts, from the Reign of James the 1st (1609) to the 10 and 11 Vic. c. 8.3 (1847). In two minor points the Act was amended by an Act passed in the satrie session, cnp, 102. St(Uus of Aliens in the United Kinadom. — Aliens may now ac(|uire, hold, and dispose of real and jier- sonal property of any description in the United Kingdom, but not out of it, in the same manner as natural born British Subjects. But the Act does not qualify an alien for any office, or for any municipal, parliumcntary, or other franchise, right, or privilege of a British Subject. Naturalized aliens may renounce BritiaJi status. — Naturalized aliens of states which have entered into a convention on the subject with this country may, by a "declaration of alienage,'" divest them- selves of their British status. The declaration may be made, if in che United Kingdom, before a justice of the peace, if in any other of Her Majesty's dominions, before a judge of any court, or a justice of the peace, or anv officer authorized to administer oaths ; and if out of HerMajesty's dominions, before any offir' He-' i the diplomatic or consular service of ;'•:■ .:-■ ' born subjects may cease to he such, — A britt '; hi-- subject, if also the subject of a foreign state, o . child born abroad of a British father, may, in like manner, if of full age, and not under any disability, by a " declaration of alienage," cease to be a British subject. Britisli subjects nuturalized abroad may renounce British allegiance, — A British subject who, either, before or after the passing of the Act, has volun- tarily become natursilized in any Foreign state, loses his British status, and is to be regarded as an alien ; but this does not apply to the case of n person naturalized abroad before the passing of the Act, who within two years thereafter makes a " declaration of British nationality," and takes the oath of allegiance. While, however, he remains in the foreign state, he will not be deemed a British subject. The declara- tion of nationality is to be made before the same officers as the declaration of alienage. How aliens may lie natvralizcd. — \n alien who has resided in the liiiitcd Kiiif^dom or been in the ser- vice of the Crown not less than live years, and intends, af\er naturalization, either to reside in the United Kingdom or to serve tho Crown, may, on satisfying one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State on these points, apply for a certificate of naturalization, which may be given or withheld, at the uncontrolled discretion of the Secretary of State. If the certificate is granted it confers on the alien, when he has taken the oath of allegiance, all the political and other rights and all the obligations, of a natural-born British subject, except while he remains in the state of which he is a subject. Readmission to British imtionality. — A British sub- ject who has, under the provisions of the Act, become a "statutory alien," may, on performing the same conditions and adducing the same evidence as an alien, in like manner obtfiin a certificate of re-ad- mission to British nationality, and the (Jovernor of any British possession may grant such certificates of re-admission to " statutory aliens " who may hj within his jurisdiction. Status of married women and minors. — Married women follow the status of their husbands. Widow-s, natural born subjects, who have become aliens by marriage, may during widowhood obtain certificates of re-admission to British nationality, in the same manner as statutory aliens. Children of statutory aliens, resident and naturalized in a foreign state, art to be deemed subjects of that state, and not British subjects. But where the father or the mother being a widow has obtained a certificate of re- admission to British nationality or of naturalization, their minor children, who have resided in the British dominions with their parents or parent, are to be considered as British subjects. Regulations of Secretary of State not to affect lobnies. — The Secretary of State is eni])owercd to make regulations on certain matters of detail, which powers are snlarged by an Act of the same session, cap. 102. But regulations respecting the imposition of fees are not to be in force in any British posses- sion, nov, in respect of any other matter, in any possession in which any Act or Ordinance incon- sistent with such regulations may for the time being be in force. The Act is not to affect the grant of letters of denization by the Crown, nor to qualify an alien to be a shipowner. Cidoniul laws.— All laws and ordinances made by the legislature of any British possession for impart- ing any privileges of naturalization, to be enjoyed bv any person within the limits of such possession, shafl within such limits havf th^ authority of law, subject, however, to confirmation or disaLowance by Her Majesty. Mixed juries abolished. — Aliens are not now en- titled to be tried by a Jury de mediatate imgncB. The amending Act, 33 & 34 Vict. cap. 102, besides empowering the Secretary of State to make regain tions respecting oaths of alkgi u>ce, ii! ,io.r the penalty of imprisonmen ,, wit'i o- witliSut hard labour, for an; term not excei'i nig ;2 iri.)r lor |)irjury in luuidng any declaration iMider the principal Act. 1872. 1872.] ALIENS— BRITISH N. AMERICA. m ^ « fr ' The following is a Summary of the Naturalization Laws in tlic British Colonies : — The Dominion of Canada, including Nova Scotia .ir.d Nkw Brunswick. — By an Act of the lX)minioii, 31 Vict. cap. 6fi, (assented to '22 'ns of good character and conduct applying K same, provided they shall have resided for the five successive years within the settlement, and upi, their taking the usual oathsof allegiance, and paying the usual fees for the deed of Burghership in addition 'to a stamp of 18/. 15«. By an Act, No. 8 of 1856, all former laws, cus- tom's, or usages inconsistent with the Act are re- pealed, and from its promulgation C4th June 1856), aliens may purchase, acquire, and own, fixed pro- perty in the colony, in like manner as natural born subjects. But beyond this nothing in the Act is to be taken as naturalizing any aliens, or bestow- ing upon them any of the privileges conferred by deeds of burghership. By an Act, No. 37 of 1861, the Governor is em- ])owered to grant letters of naturalization to any alien of full age and good character, and able to read and understand some European language, and to write his name ; provided he has been resident in the colony five years, or is married to a natural-born British subject, or possesses unencum- bered landed property in the colony of not less value than 300(. This Act also provides that naturalization else- where within British dominion shall hold good at the Cape. The fee for these letters of naturalization is fixed at 20Z. A special Ordinance, No. 2. of 1865, and an Act, No. 21, of 1868, were passed to facilitate the naturalization of certain German immigrants and members of the late British German Legion. These legislative Acts are not of general applica- tion. The Governor is empowered to grant Letters of Naturalization, free of charge, to all German immigrants and members of the late British Gennan Legion (being aliens) \'ho shall apply for them, and who shall have attained 21 years of age, be of good moral character, and ha 'e resided within the territory comprised in the divisions of King William's Town and East London during the five years immediately preceding the date of a certain Ordinance, No. 2. of 1H65 ; but the privilege is not to extend to unrehabilttated insolvents, persons of unsound inind, or convicted felons. On taking the oath of allegiance and endorsement of that fact on the Letters of Naturalization, the alien becomes to all intents and purposes naturalized in the colony. Any false staten Mit known in the application for Letters of Natnralization vitiates them and subjects the party to f , penalties of perjury. Natau — Under the Law No. 1 of 1860, the Lieu- tenant Governor is authorized and empowered to grant, under the public Seal of the Colony, Letters of Naturalization to any alien who sFiall have attained the full age of 21 years, and who shall be able to read and understand one or more of the languages (>" Europe, and to write his name, and shall have jiresented to the said Governor a memorial, praying to be naturalized ; and every such alien, prior to obtaining such letters of naturalization, shall pay into the Treasury of the Colony a sum of five pounds sterling. No alien shall (except as in the next succeeding section is excepted) be capable of receiving letters of naturalization, unless he shall have been a resident within the colony, during the five years immediately preceding the presentation of his memorial, praying to be naturalized. Any alien who shall be married to a natural-born subject of Her Majesty the Queen, or who, being married to an alien, shall have had, by his said wife, during their marriage and residence within the colony, not less than three children ; and any alien who shall be the owner of landed property within the colony, and registered in his name, of not less a value than 300/., over and above all special conven- tional mortgages affecting tfiesame, shall be capable of obtaining letters of naturalization, although he shall not have resided in the colony for five years. No letters of naturalization shall be granted to any alien who is an uncertificated insolvent, or of unsound mind, or has been convicted and sentenced for treason, murder, rape, theft, fraud, perjury, forgery, or any other infamous crime. When such letters of naturalization shall have been obtained by any alien he shall be bound to take the oath of allegiance to Her Majesty the Queen. Any alien woman already married, or who shall be hereafter married to a natunil-born subject, or person naturalized undet this or any other law, shall be deemed and taken to be herself naturalized. All minor children, alien born, of any alien parent, who shall himself or herself be naturalized under this or any other law, and which children shall be within the colony at the time of the naturalization of their parent, shall be themselves naturalized ipso facto by such naturalization. But aliens without being naturalized may, by the Act No. 7 of 1 858, hold and transfer " fixed property " in like manner as natural born subjects of tlie Crown, New South Wales. — The position of aliens is regulated by a Colonial Act, 11 Vict. cap. 39, passed in 1847. By this Act children, of a mother a natural-born subject, may acquire and hold both real and personal estate. Aliens, subjects of a friendly state, may without being naturalized held every species of' personal property, excejit chattels real. But for the purposes of residence or trade they may hold land and houses for 21 years, with all the privileges of natural-burn subjects, except that of voting at elections of Mem- bers of the Legislative Assembly. 1872.] ALIENS— QUEENSLAND, VICTORIA, S. AUSTRALIA. 41 All aliens may obtain the full privileges of natu- ral-born subjects, by memorializing the Governor, obtaining a certificate from him (if he thinks proper to grant it), and taking the oath of allegiance pre- scribed in the Act, 33 Vict. No. 1 4 of 1870, within 60 days from the date of the certificate. The certificate is to be enrolled in the Supreme Court of the colony. The judge (or other person authorized by the Act) administering the oath is to grant a certificate of its having been taken. The wives of natural-born subjects are to be deemed to be naturalized. Naturalized aliens who shall have resided in the colony for three years,being otherwise qualified, shall be entitled to vote at any election for the electoral district in respect of which they shall be so qualified. Any naturalized subject who shall have resided in the colony for five years shall be qualified to be elected a Member of the Assembly fur any electoral district, unless otherwise disqualijied. QuEXNSLAND. — The position of aliens in this Colony is regulated by the Colonial Act 31 Vict. No. 28, entitled the " Aliens Act of 1867." By this Act children born out of the Queen's Dominions, of mothers natural-born subjects, may ac(]uire and transmit both real and personal estate in the Colony, and women married to a natural born or naturalized husband thereby become naturalized. Alien friends may, without being naturalized, ac- quire and hold any species of personal property except chattels real. But for the purposes of resi- dence and trade they may hold land and houses for 21 years, with all the privileges of natural-born subjects except the right to vote at elections of Members of the Legislative Assembly. Alien friends, natives of Europe or North America, may become naturalized by taking the oath of allegiance before one or more Justices of the Peace in I^tty Sessions. But aliens, natives of Asia or Africa, can only acquire the privileges of naturalization on the fol- lowing conditions:— (n That he is married; (2) That his wife is at the time residing in the Colony ; (3.) That he obtains a Certificate of naturalization ; and (4^ That he takes oath of allegiance within 60 day sot the date of the certificate. TheJGovernor is empowered (if he sees fit) to grant this Certificate with such exceptions and reservations as he may think proper, and the Cerlificate is then to be enrolled in the Supreme Court of the Colony. Thereupon the Asiatic or African alien becomes entitled to all the privileges of a natural born subject, except that of becoming a Member of the Executive Council or of either brancli ot the Legis- lature, or of any privilege expressly excepted in his certificate of naturalization. The only foes payable are 4«. 6d. for administering, recording, and granting a copy of the record of the oath of aliegiunce. All British laws aflbcting aliens inconsistent with the Act shall be deemed not to extend to Queensland. Victoria.— The Colonial Act, 28 Vict., No. 256, which came into operation on the 1st of June 1865, and is called " The Alien's Statute, 1865," repeals the previous Acts — 24 Vict., No. 112, and 26 Vict., No. 166. It provides that alien friends res dent in the colony may inherit, acquire, hold, and dispose of every description of property, whether real or personal, in the same manner as natural-born subjects of the Crown; and all dis- positions of property made before the ]>assing of tin* Act to or by such Aliens, are declared to be valid. The Governor may, if he thinks fit, grant under the seal of the colony, letters of naturalization to resi- dent alien friends, provided they be of good repute, and take the oath of allegiance to the British Crown. But they are rendered incapable of beinj; Members of* the Legislative Council and the Legislative .\sseinbly. To obtain naturalization, the Alien is to present a memorial to the Governor, js-f^uLd by himself, and verified on oath, stating his name, age, birth-pl.nce, occupation, length of Tiis residence in the colony, and his desire to settle therein. The memorial must be accompanied by a Certificate, signed by aWarden, Police Magistrate, or Justice of the Peace, that the applicant is known to him, and is a person of good repute. If the application be favourably entertained the Alien must take the oath of allegiance before a Judge of the supreme court, or of a county court, or court of mines, or Police Magistrate, and, on production of a Certificate from the Judge or Magistrate to that effect, the Governor in Council issues the Letters of Naturalization ; they, and a certified copy of the Certificate, are then to bo recorded by the Chief Secretary, for which a fee of 1/. is to be paid. The penalty for false statements in the Memorial is the avoidance of the Letters of Naturalization (except against purchasers for valuable considera- tion) superadded to the penalties of perjury. The alien wives of natural born or naturalized subjects are to be deemed naturalized. Persons resident in Victoria who have been naturalized in the United Kingdom, or in any British colony in Australia (including Tasmania and New Zealand), Africa, or America, may, if the Governor thinks fit, be naturalized in Victoria on exhibiting the Certificate of Naturalization, and stating in their memorials that such certificate has been obtained without fraud or intentional false statement, and that the signature and seal, if any, thereto, are, to the best of their belief, genuine. South Australia. — Hy the Colonial Amending and Consolidating Act, No. 5 of 1864, every person born of a mother who is a natural-born or naturalized subject, is capable of holding real or personal estate. Friendly aliens may hold every description of pro- perty whether real or personal. A Certificate of Naturalization maybe applied for by any alien, and upon receipt of such applicatiuti, countersigned by a Justice of the Peace, the Go- vernor, if he think fit, shall direct the applicant to take the oath of allegiance before one of the Judges of the Superior Court, and, on such oath bei iig taken, he shall issue Letters of Naturalization. The fee for obtaining the certificate in duplicate is 1/. 1«. The effect of this certificate is to vest all the rights and privileges of a n....ural-born British sub- ject in such naturalized alien. 42 ALIEN S—W. AUSTRALIA, TASMANIA, N. ZEALAND, W. INDIES. [1872. A subsequent Act, 23 & 24 Vict., No. 20, pro- vides that Aliens who obtain Certificates of Natura- lization in anv Hritish Colony or Possession, may obtain the privileges of naturalization in South Australia, on lodging with the Registrar General of I he colony, their original Certificates of Naturaliza- tion, together with a true copy thereof. The ori- ginal is then returned with an endorsement thai the alien had made the declaration and taken the oath of allegiance prescribed by the Act. The fee for this process is fixed at 10s. 6d , Wkstern Australia. — Colonial Act No. 2 of 1871 (35 Vict.) provides for the naturalization of aliens in Western Australia, and adopts the provi- sions of the Imperial "Naturalization Act, 1870," of which the substance will be found at p. , The Colonial Act (Sect. 2) enables Aliens to hold and dispose of real and personal property, in the same manner as natural burn subiects, but does not qualify them for any office, or tor municipal, parlia- mentary, or other franchise, or to be the owners of British ships. Trials by Jury de mediatate ItngutB are abolished (sec. 3). Aliens become naturalized on obtaining a certi- ficate, to procure which a memorial is to be presented to the Governor who may, if he thinks fit, issue a Certificate which confers on the alien within the colony, all the rights and capacities of British born subjects, sections 4, 5, 6. T^he certificate is to be enrolled and the alien la to take the oath of allegiance, sections 7 and 8. The Governor is to make rules for obtaining cer- i'.licates and the fee is fixed at 1/., sections 9 and 10. Women married to natural-born subjects or per- .sons naturalized, and the infant resident children of a naturalized fav.'ier, or mother being a widow are deemed naturalised, sections 12 and 13. Tasmania. — By a Colonial Act, 25 Vict. No. 2, passed in November 1861, repealing 5 Will. 4, No. 4, the Governor in Council is empowered, on the pre- sentation of a memorial, stating particulars, to issue a certificate granting all the rights and capacities of a natural born British subject within the Colony, such certificate to be enrolled in the Sujireme Courf, and an oath of allegiance to be taken before a Judge or Commissioner of the Supreme Court, (within 60 days from the date of the certificate,) who will grant a certificate of the taking and subscribing the oath. The cost of the whole process is lis. New Zkaland. — Naturalization is now effected under the provisions of " The Alien Act, 1866," (.'K) ^'ict. No. 17.) By this Act children of a mother a natural born subject, are capable of taking real or personal estate. Aliens, subjects of a friendly State, may without being naturalized, hold every species of ])ersonal property except chattels real ; and for the purposes of residence or trade may hold land and houses for 21 years, with all the rights and privileges of natural-born subjects, except the right to be a Member of the Parliament of the colony and to vote :it election? for Members of Parliament. The alien wives of natural-born or naturalized subjects arc to be deemed naturalized. To obtain letters of naturalization the alien is to present a memorial to the Governor signed by him- self and verified upon oath, stating his name, age, birth-place, residence, and occupation, length of his residence in the colony, and his desire to settle therein ; and a certificate signed by some Resident Magistrate or Justice of the Peace that the applicant is known to him, and is a person of good repute. If the Governor think fit to grant Letters of Natu- ralization, the Alien must previously take the oath of allegiance prescribed by the Act before some Judge of the Supreme Court or of a District Court, or before some Resident Magistrate or Justice of the Peace, and upon production of a certificate by the Judge, Magistrate, or Justice to that effect the Governor issues the letters.of naturalizationunder the seal of the colony, subject to such conditions (if any) as he may consider advisable to insert therein. Persons resident in the colony who have been naturalized in the United Kingdom, or in any British Colony on the continents of Australia (in- cluding Tasmania), Africa, or America, may, if the Governor thinks fit, be naturalized in New Zealand on exhibiting the Certificate of Naturalization, and stating in their memorials that such certificate has been obtained without fraud or intentional false statement, and that the signature and seal, if any, thereto are genuine. The Colonial Secretary is to enrol all letters of naturalization and a certified copy of every such certificate, and shall be entitled to a fee of 1/. from every person to whom the letters are granted, and shall cause indices to be made to such letters and certificates, which shall be open for inspection or copying on payment of a feeof 1«. for each inspection. The penalty for false statements in the memo- rial is the avoidance of the letters of naturalization (except against iona^de purchasers for valuable con- sideration) in addition to the penalties of perjury. All pre-existing rights are saved whether of aliens or natural-born subjects. A colonial Act, No. 40 of 1870 removes the dis- ability of aliens to hold land in New Zealand and enables every alien friend resident in the colony to acquire hold and dispose of every description of property whether real or personal in the same manner as if he were a natural-born subject of Her Majesty. All former conveyances by aliens in the colony are legalized by this Act. Antigua. — By an Act passed on the 28th June 1702, Protestant aliens are entitled to all the privi- leges they would have enjoyed if born on the island, provided (1) they shall on examination be approved by the Governor, (2) take the oaths and subscribe the tests by law required, (3) own at least 10 acres of land or a house in any town which they are thereby made capable of acquiring and disposing of, and (4) that their number does not exceed one fourth of the British and native colonists. But no alien can be a councillor, assembly man, justice of the peace or courts, or field officer m the militia. Their issue however are to enjoy all the privileges of natural born subjects. The Colonial Act, 26 Vict. No. 183, section _ii. , 1872.] ALIENS— WEST INDIES. 4S I provides that alien immigrants of African descent arriving from the United States or from the British North American Colonies who may have entered or may enter into a written contract of service for not less than a year shall, after 3 years' residence, enjoy all the privileges of a natural born subject upon taking the oath of allegiance before the Governor in the presence of the Secretary to the (iovernment. This officer is to keep a register of tlie names, &c. of such naturalized immigrants, and the register or an official extract is, upon proof of the identity of the immigrant, to be evidence of his rights. Bahamas.— By the Colonial Act, No. 11, 25 Vict, cap. 4, paised 22nd March 1848, aliens become naturalized upon taking the oath of allegiance and obtaining a certificate from the Governor m Council under the great seal of the colony that the oath has been taken. The certificate is obtainable on presen- tation to the Governor in Council of a memorial setting forth full particulars respecting the memo- rialist and the grounds on which the privileges of naturalization are sought, and when obtained the certificate must be recorded in the office of the Public Secretary and Registrar of Records. The fees are to be regulated by the Governor in Council and to be paid into the Public Treasury. But by a subsequent Act 29 Vict. cap. 15 friendly aliens may without being naturalized hold lands and houses for the purpose of residence and trade, and with the same rights and privileges as a natural-born subject, except the privilege of becomine a member of the House of Assembly or of a Parocnial Vestry, or of votingfor such members.or of serving on ajury, except it be one de medietate lingwB. The Governor may also grant licences to companies composed of friendly aliens solely, or of such aliens and British subjects, to hold lands without restriction as to time, for purposes of trade, &c. Barbados. — No general naturalization law. A special Act is required on each occasion. But by the Colonial Act, 28 and 29 Vict. cap. 4. aliens may hold leases not cxceediiig 21 years for the purposes of residence or trade. They cannot however vote at elections. British Guiana. — In this colony Ordinance No. 16 of 1871 gives effect to the Imperial " Natu- " ralization Act?, 1870," of which a summary will be found at p. ; and enables the Governor by Proclamation .o establish Rules and Regulations for giving effect to the Acts, and to fix the fees to be taken in respect of things to be done in the Colony in pursuance of the Acts. Grenada. — By the Naturalization Act, No. 296, of I860, the Governor in Council is empowered to grant letters of naturalization under the great seal of the colony. Aliens becoming naturalized are capable of enjoying and exercising within the co- lony all the rights and capacities of natural-born subjects. The lees amount to 42s. By Act No. 399, sec. 101, similar provision is made for naturalizing alien immigrants of African descent coming from British North America or the United States, as in the case of Antigua. Jamaica. — The Governor may, by instrument under the broad seal, niitiiralizo with all the privi- leges in the colony of a natural .born subject any alien coming to settle and plant in the colony, who has taken tne oath of allegiance, 35 C. 2;< s. c. 1 . The statute 13 Geo. 2. cap. 7. for naturalizing foreign Protestants and others settling in the colonics in America is by the Colonial Act 9 Geo. 4. cap. 22. sect. 2. declared to be in force in Jamaica, except that no person naturalized under the Act shall become a Member of Council or of the Assembly. See Minot's Digest of the Laws of Jamaica (1863), page 5. By the Colonial Act 14 Vict. cap. 40, j assed in May 1851, children (wherever born) of a natural-born British mother may hold any estate real or personal within the colony. Wives of natural born subjects are to be deemed naturalized. Aliens, the subjects of friendly States, may hold every species of personal property, except chattels real, as if they were natural born subjects ; and they may hold lands and houses, for the purposes of residence or trade, for any term not exceeding 21 years, with the same privileges as natural born subjects, except those of voting at elections for Members of the Assembly, or of becoming Members of the Council or Assembly. Aliens may lend money on mortgage on freehold or leasehold i>ro- perty. In case of non-payment, the legal estate of the land is vested in the President of the Council, — the Speaker of the House of Assembly (Qy. now that there is no such House), and the Cnief Justice in trust for the mortgagee, who may sue in their names ; but the alien cannot enter into actual pos- session of the lands or foreclose the equity of redemption. — Col. Act George III. c. 16. By Act No. 16 of 1871 real and personal property of every description may be taken, acquired, held, and disposed of by an alien in the same manner in all respects as a natural born British subject ; but this law does not qualify aliens to own British ships. By another Act, 22 Vict. cap. 1. sec. 32 (Nov. 1858) every " Immigrant " born out of the British domi- nions, who may obtain or become entitled to a " cer- tificate of industrial residence " under the Act, thereby becomes entitled to all the privileges of a natural-born subject within the island. An Immi- grant is defined to be any person introduced at the public expense from certain specified places. See also 22 Vict. cap. 4. sec. 7. Nkvis By the Colonial Act 19 Vict. No. '/7, (June 1866) children, wherever born, of a mother a natural born subject, may hold real or personal estate; and wives of natural born or naturalized subjects enjoy the same rights as iheir husbands. Friendly aliens may acquire and hold either real or personal estate as effectually and with the same rights and privileges as natural born subjects, except that they cannot become Members of (>)uncil or of the Assembly, or vote for members to serve in the Assembly or in any Vestry. Alien physicians or surgeons need not take the oaths of allegiance to entitle them to practise as required by an old Act passed in 1701. 44 ALIENS— W. INDIES, MAURITIUS, &c. [1872. I St. Lucia. — No general naturalization law. St. KiTT'sand Anouilla. — By a local Act, No. 127, passed on 3rd February 1857, all domiciled or .jsi- dent liberated Africans arc to be deemed to be nntural-born subjects, and capable of holding and conveying real and personal estate. The chiHren, wherever born, of a mother a natural-born subject, are made capable of taking real or personal estate by purchase or descent ; and wives of natural burn or naturalized subjects are to be deemed to be naturalized. Colonial Act No. 152, 18th March 1859, provides for the naturalization of aliens of African descent coming from th( United States or the British Pro- vinces of Nortli America after three years residence, upon taking the oath of allegiance. Aliens, subjects of a friendly State, may acquire and hold either real or perse ^1 estate as eflfectually as natural born subjects, but they are not thereby made capable of becoming Members of the Council, or of the Assembly, or of voting at the election of Members of the Assembly. St. Vincent. — By "The Aliens' Naturalization Act, 1866," (No. 251 of 1866,) the Governor in Council is empowered to grant, under the great seal of the colony, Certiflcates of naturalization. Aliens upon taking the oath of allegiance (which is to be administered by the Clerk of the Council in the presence of the Governor), and on obtaining and recording the certificate in the Colonial Secretary's office, become capable of enjoying and trans- mitting within the colony all the rights and capa- cities of natural born subjects. The fees amount to 40«. By Act No. 139 of 1857, sec. 17, the same pro- visions are made for naturalizing alien immigrants of African descent arriving from British North America or the United States, as in the case of Antigua, p. 42. Trinidad. — By an ordinance passed in 1868, aliens desirous of becoming naturalized present a memorial to the Governor, stating their age, pro- fession or other occupation, and the duration of their residence in the island. The Governor there- upon, if he sees fit, issues a certificate granting to the Memorialist all the rights and capacities in the island of a natural born British subject. Aliens on being naturalized are required to take the oath of allegiance, and to pay a fee of lOl. for the issue of the certificate and 1/. for its enregistration. ToDAoo. — No general law, A special Act is required in each case. Tub Turks and Caicos Islanes.— By the Co- lonial Act, No. 1 Vict. c. 4., passed 22 Alarch 1848, aliens become naturalized upon taking the oath of allegiance and obtaining a Certificate from the President in Council, under the Great Seal of the Colony, that the oath has been taken. The Certi- ficate IS obtainable on presentation to the President of a memorial setting forth the grounds on which the privileges of naturalization arc sought, and when obtained it must be recorded in the office of the Public Secretary and Registrar of Records. The fees are to be regulated by the President in Council. By ordinance No. 8 of 1857 (passed 17 October 1857, and confirmed 13 February 1858), aliens may hold lands, salt ponds, &c. (except salt ponds at Turks Island) on lease not exceeding 21 years, which lease may be renewed at the end of the term. Ceylon. — No general law. Special ordinances arc passed on each occasion. Gibraltar. — By an Order in Council of 1859 aliens who have been resident and domiciled for 15 years, or for a less period with the Governor's special licence, may hold lands as if they were British subjects. Honduras. — The Naturalization Act for this Colony, 18 Vict. cap. 18, was procloimed 19 July 1855. It is similar to the New South Wales Act. By the 23rd Section Immigration Act 24 Vict, cap. 5, passed in 1861, every immigrant born out of the British dominions, who shall have obtained or become entitled to a certificate of industrial residence, shall immediately thereafter become entitled to all such privileges as are conferred by the Act 18 Vict. cap. 18. on naturalized aliens, except the capability to become a Member of Assembly, which privilege, however, may be allowed by the Superintendent. HoNQ Kong. — By the Colonial Ordinance, No. 2, of 1853, passed on the 17th November of that year, aliens, though not naturalized, may acquire and dispose of real estate within the colony as effectu- ally as natural born subjects. The Ordinance con- fers no other rights on aliens. Mauritius. — The Naturalization of Aliens is re- gulated by Ordinance No. 8 of 1868. Persons resi- dent in the colony desirous of being naturalized must furnish the Governor with such information as he may desire respecting their names, age, place ofbirth, residence, and occupation, and take the pre- scribed oath of allegiance. The fees amount to 6/. Sierra Leone. — By the Imperial Act 16 & 17 Vict, cap. 86, (20 Aug. 1853) liberated Africans domiciled or resident in Sierra Leone are to be deemed, within the Colony, to be natural born subjects as from the date of their arrival, and to be capable of holding and transmitting anjr estate real or personal within ] the Colony. Power is given to the local Legislature to alter or repeal any of the provisions of the Act so far as the^ relate to the right to real property. Libe- rated Africans are also to be considered as British sub- jects for the purposes of treaties with native chiefs. India. — The Naturalization Act of India is No. 30 of 1852 passed by the Governor in Council on the 16th of July of that year. It is substantially the same as the English Act (7 & 8 Vict. cap. 66, now repealed,) with some slight additional reservations. The Certificate of naturalization is to be issued by the Government; and if any material statement in the alien's memorial be false, the Certih'cate inoy be cancelled either wholiy or in part. The alien '-i taking the oath of allegiance prescribed in the Act is to be deemed a natural born subject of 872. 1872.] ALIENS— INDIA AND UNITED STATES. 45 'he cil. )er my at irs. the Crown, as if he had been born within the East India territories, and to be entitled within them to all the rights of a subject of Her Majesty born therein. So far as the prescribed oath refers to the East India Company, now extinct, it is of course obsolete ; but it does not appear that any other has been substituted for it. Passports to Aliens naturalized in the Colonies. The Regulations respecting the issue of Passports to naturalized Colonists have varied at different times. The following are at present the instructions from the Colonial Office to Governors fur the issue of passports for foreign travel to persons natur- alized in the Colonics. These passports must be signed by the ofllcer administering the Government and must contain an express declaration that the person receiving it is naturalized as a British sub- ject, stating the period for which it is available, which must not exceed 12 months from the date of issue. Form of Passport. This passport is granted to A.B. as a British subject of , to enable him to travel in foreign parts, and is available for the period of months from the day of 18 Memorandum thereon. The passport accompanying this memorandum may, on the recommendation of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, be exchanged in London for a Foreign Office Passport, available for the un- expired portion of the period for which it was originally granted. It can be renewed only at the Foreign Office in London, on the recommendation of the Secretary of State for the Colonies; but it may be exchanged, if run out, at any of Her Majesty's Missions or Con- sulates in foreign countries, for a passport strictly limited to such length of time as will enable the bearer to reach England or any of Her Majesty's possessions abroad. Such limited renewal may be effected once, and once only, by a British Minister or Consul in Foreign Parts. The passport confers on the bearer no claim to British protection in the country of his birth. llNiTEn States, Aliens cannot acquire valid titles to real estate under the Preemption and Homestead laws. The privilege is r'.-stricted to citizens or those who have (lectured their intention to become citiiens. There have been several Acts of Conjtrcss for naturalizing aliens. The Act now in torce for ordinary cases was passed on the 14th April 1802. It provides that any alien being a free white person may become a citizen of the United States, or any uf them, on the following conditions: — (1.) He must have declared on oath or affirmation before some Court of Record, 3 years at least before his ad- mission, that it was his bona (ide intention of become a citizen and to renounce for ever nil foreign allegiance whatsoever. (2.) He must, at the time of his application to be admitted ns a citizen, declare on oath or affirmation before a Court of Record that he absolutely abjures all foreign allegiance whatsoever, naming particularly the prince or sovereignty to which he owed allegi- ance, (3,) That the Court admitting him is satis- fied by evidence other than his own oath that he has resided within the United States at least 5 years, and within the state or territory where the court is held at least 1 year, and that during that time he has behaved as a man of good moral character, attached to the principles of the constitution of the United States, and well disposed to good order and happiness therein. And (4.) He must renounce any hereditary title or order of nobility which ho may possess. Minor children of persons naturalized become citizens if dwelling in the United States at the time of their father's naturalization. Children of citizens born out of the limits of the United States are citizens, but the right of citizen- ship is not to descend to persons whose fathers have never resided within the United States. 46 COOLIE IMMIGRATION. ri872. Coolie Immigration into thx West Indies AND Mauritius. 'I'he Ifiuliiig principles which have been established ill respect to immigration to the West Indies are, (1) that no colored immigrants are to be introduced exce|)t on the re(|ui!iition of known and responsible persons ; (2) that they should be brought in, subject to the provisions of the Immigration Laws of the Colony ; (3) that a Government officer is appointed with a special duty of protecting the immigrants from ill-usage, and of enforcing their contract rights ; and (•1) that not more than one-third of the expense of the immigration should be defrayed out of the general re venue of the Colony, the remaining two-thirds being borne by the ])lanting interest, in the shape of inden- ture fees, and by special export taxes on the staple commodities raised by the planters. The following is an outline of the system and arrangements under which immigration to the West Indies and Mauritius from India is (Conducted. The emigrants are collected in India, under the provisions of an Indian Act, No, 7 of 1871,* by agents appointed and jiaid by the respective colonies, but approved by the Govermnent of India. They are received into depots at the port of departure, and are there maintained at the expense of the Colony for which they arc engaged till they can be embarked. Before embarkation they arc subjected to a medical examination, and steps are talcen to ascertain that they understand where they are going, and on what terms. They are conveyed to their destination in ships expressly chartered for the purjiose, which sail under regu- lations prescribed by laws of the Indian Legislature. Every party of 100 males must be accompanied by at least 40 females. On their arrival in the Colony the immigrants are indentured to employers for a periwl of five years, during which they are to receive lodging, medical attendance, and wages. The wages in most of the colonies are reqitired to be at the same rate as for unindenturcd labourers on the same estate. In British Guiana a small deduction is made from the money wages for lodging and medical attend- ance. At the end of the third or fourth years' ser- vice, the immigrants may (except in British Guiana and Mauritius), on making a money payment, re- lease themselves altogether from their engagement. This payment varies in the different colonies, the principle being to calculate it with reference to the expense of the introduction of the immigrant, so that each yearly payment should equal about Jth of that expense. The Government has large powers of cancelling any contract in case of mis- conduct by master or servant, and estates to which coolies are allotted are visited periodically by a Government oflicer, called in the West Indies, the " Immigration Agent," in the Mauritius the " Pro- tector of Immigrants,'' who is empowered to en- quire into complaints, and is required to report ])erio(lically to the Governor. At the end of his live years' service the coolie is at liberty to return to his own country at his own expense, and in " For an alxtract of this Act, Me post. the West Indies, after a further five (in St. Lucia, .St. Vincent, and Antigua, three) years' residence, he is entitled to claim a back passage at the expense of the Colony. From Mauritius no back passage is, at iiresent, given by the Colony. The mode in which that portion of the Immigration into Mauritius which is imported exclusively at the expense of the employers is recruited and engaged in India is regulated by ah Ordinance passed by the Legislature of Mauritius in 18(37, and by regulations issued under it by the Governor. Into the West Indies there is no similar immigration. The Mauri- tius Ordinance legalizes contracts of service made in India for periods not exceeding five years ; requires the employi'r to pay the passage of immigrants en- gaged for him, and of their proportion of females. The regulations provide that persons desirous of engaging immigrants .shall make application for that purpose to the Protector, giving a bond for the expenses to be incurred ; that they may also name special agents to collect the immigrants, who, if not disapproved of by the Protector in the Colony or the Emigration Agent in India, shall receive licences to recruit emigrants ; that the Emigration Agent shall, however, have full power to suspend or withdraw the licence of any agent who may misconduct himself; that the wages and allowances of emigrants so engaged shall be either according to the Government souc or equiva- lent to it ; that where s]iecial agents are not employed the collection of the emigrants shall be conducted exclusively by agents employed by the Colonial Government; and that in all cases the Emigration Agent shall ascertain beforeany contract is completed that the emigrant understands its nature and effect. The regulations further provide for the case of an employer failing to take up emigrants eng-iged for him, for the registering of contracts, and tor other matters of detail. Immigration Laws, Bounty, and Labour Contracts in the West Indies. The West India Colonies which have made pro- vision for importing labour, are British Guiana, Trinidod, Jamaica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, St. Kitts, Grenada, Antiguii, and Honduras. The Immigration laws in all these Colonies are framed on the same general principles, and, with some modifications in minor details, are substan- tially alike. British Guiana. The ordinances relating to immigrants are : — No. 4 of 1864, consolidating the law, „ 24 of 18()4, immigration loans consolidation. „ 5ofl8G5, facilitating the re- indenturing of immigrants on bounty. „ 17 of 1864, for indenturing labourers on plan- tations, „ 13 of 1866, amending Ordinance No. 4 of 1864. „ 9 of 186«, further amending No. 4 of 1864. „ 16 of 1869, regulating the festivals of Indian immigrants, „ 16 of 1 870, conferring powers on the Commis- sioners of Inquiry. „ 18 of 187],increasingindenturefeesforl87l-2. I) I 1872.] IMMIGRATION LAWS IN W. INDIES. 4T Thf first and principal Ordinance (No. 4 of 1864) repealed and consolidated with amendments and alterations 16 previous Ordinances. The followin}; is an outline of its main features : Any employer rc(|uiring emigrants to be intro- duced at th'j public expense, must before the Slst of May in each year, make u requisition to the Governor in a prescribed form for the number he wants for the next season but one. If his ajjplica- tion is entertained (it is nut compulsory on thu Governor to entertain it), and emigrants are on their arrival allotted to him, he is bound to pay, whether he takes them or not, the full amount of the indenture fees, and the cost of their maintenance at the depot at the rate of lOci. a dav per adult until he removes them. The indenture lees * are 50 dollars for Indian, and bO dollars for Chinese immi- grants (sections 15 and 16 of repealed Ordinance, No. 1 of 18G0, which is kept alive to this extent) payable -^th down, another ,^,th at the end of the first year, and the balance by 4 equal annual payments of ^th. Promissory notes bearing interest at 6 per cent, are to be given for all the instalments except the first which must be in cash. These fees are made preferential charges on the plantation. The employer is bound to jiay wages to the Immigrants weekly at the same rate as to uninden- tured labourers on the same or the neighbouring plantation, and to provide them with suitable dwellinghouse and hospital accommodation, and when sick, with medical attendance, medicines, and maintenance. If the employer fails to provide the Immigrants with work, or the Governor, on just cause shewn, thinks that the Immigrants should be removed from the plantation, he is empowered to cancel the in- dentures and re-indenture them to some other employer. Employers illusing Immigrants render themselves liable to a fine not exceeding 48 dollars, or to im- prisonment with or without hard labor for not exceeding 2 months, or to both. The harbouring or employing indentured Immigrants by persons not entitled to their services, is an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding 24 dollars and compen- sation to the lawful employer at the rate of 1 dollar a day. On each plantation suitable and well drained hospital accommodation must be provided, to which must be attached a duly licensed medical practitioner and competent nurses, or the Governor may remove the Immigrants. Proprietors however of adjoining estates may, with the permission of the Governor and Court of Policy, establish and use a joint hospital. Managers of plantations are required to compel sick immigrants ■* Ordinance Ko.18 of 1871 inoroases by 10 dollarii the bounty pajr- uble by 6inployer8 under Ordinnnce No. 4 of ISGI t» mltilt nide- bodied immiKrants, wbo re-indenture for a second term ot tire yean, or by hulf tliat nuin for minore, and thoso wh) are not able-l>odied. The duration uf the Ordinance i» limited to the tinancial year 1871-2. to enter a hospital, and if the patients refuse to go, or if they quit the hospital without leave, they are liable to a penalty not exceeding ii4 dollars. Immigrants, if Indian, Chinese, or adult liberated Africans, are indenturedforSyears; butif from North America, Cape de Verde Islands, or the Dritish West Indies for 3 years ; and if from Madeira, the Azores, or Canary islands for 2 years. They are bound to work 7 hours a day at out-door work, or 10 hours withindoors, for Sduvs in the week, or tu per- form 5 tasks in the week. Hut it appears that Immigrants from liarhadoes and Madeira have been exempted from indentured service in British (luiaiuu On the completion of the iiidentiireship the im- migrant is entitled to a "certificate of Industrial Service " and a passport, without which and ilue notice he cannot quit the Colony. Possessed of this certificate he is free to return home at his own expense or to do as he ])leases. If he chooses to re- indenture himself for a further term of 5 years he will, if able-bu» residence in the Colony to a free passage back to India, and if detained after he claims it, to compensation at the rate of 5 dollars for every 6 months of delay. Indentured immigrants who without reasonable cause shall fail to attend the daily muster, or shall refuse to work, or who shall absent themselves without leave, or get drunk at work, or iire threatening or in- sulting language to their employers or overseers, are liable to a penalty not exceedin^r 24 dollars, or im- prisonment with hard labour notexcc>ei'ing one month, and to the forfeiture of not exceedirg ene week's wages. They cannot go more than 2 miles from their plantation without a "pass," and desertion (t. e. absence without leave for 7 or more days) is punish- able by fine not exceeding 24 dollars or imprisonment with hard laboi>. :.j not exceeding one month, or to both. A seco •'■ is/iction for tnis ofTence within any one year suojeots the offender to a penalty of not exceeding 48 dollars or imprisonment with hard labour for not exceeding 2 months, or both, or the justice may in lieu thereof increase the term of I service for a period not exceeding twice as long as the desertion. The penalty for damaging an employer's property I is 24 dollars or one month's imprisonment with hard labour, or both, for the first offence, and 48 dollars or 2 months or both for the second offence. Indian immigrants illtreating or threatening their wives with personal violence arc liable to imprison- ment with or without hard labour and to removal tu another plantation. Bounty. The Governor may proclaim the places from which immigration on bounty is permitted, and hi 'I: i 48 COOLIE IMMIGRATION. [1872. Ill i may flx the rates of bounty and the duration, &c. of the voyage. For proclamations, lec poit, p. 56. Contractu for nervice with immigrants from Africa are not valid unless made in the Colony ; but roii- trncts for no*, more than .'< vcars made in anv British iioRKension in the West Inciies are valid if 8igne < doli. 700 5,\r,2 3,080 l,7iO MO (I too 74040 12,16240 a H fl C o e " u> doll. Nil 15,198 A8 32,244 4.'> 24,0(10 00 27,141 72 27,471 «10 17,0«8 fi4 129,887 79 Trinidad. The relations between employers anl immigrants are regulated in this Colony by an Ordinance No. 13 of 1870, which consolid.ites and amends ill previous ordinances on the same subject. The following are its principal proviiions: — The Governor may from time to t'.me proclaim the places from whence immigration shall be per- mitted (sec. 5.) Immigrants on their a>r;>er-ccnU8e of IXkthi. SOT 9,823 fe- of Immi- insiderable eirang, and leral popu- n purposes >«. Ul. sr of East dantSiborn jiiiana for December, by such Colony (or KK, 'aS 1 > ■ 1 ) 1 4«j M) ^ 1. dolK. ) Mil 2 C 16,n08 fi8 2-2^44 4.'> t, 24^X10 1)0 ) < 27,141 72 ) f 27,471 «0 lOiO 17>XW fi4 840 129,887 79 immigrants lance No. 13 all previous ions : — ne proclaim hall be per- .rl,arc, wnloncwl to imprisonment with hard labour for n |H-rlod themselves permanently in the Colony This Colony oilers the considerable advantage in this respect, that fertile lands are allotted to Coolies requiring no expensive system of draining to render them fit for cultivation, but merely to be cleared and planted." Ordinance No. 5 of IS'it fixes the minimum daily rate of wages for indentured immigrants at If. 0\d, a day, and so much more, if any, as may be neces- sary to make up the rate to that paid to unindenturcd labourers on the same plantation or neighbourhood. The following are the Regulations, dated May 1869, for the grant of Crown lands to Indian im- migrants who have completed their industrial residence in Trinidad. 1. Ten acres of Crown land will be granted, free of cost, to any odult male Indian immigrant who has completed his ten years of industrial residence, and is willing to accept such grant in lieu of a return passage to India at the expense of the Colony. 2. Immigrants desirous of obtaining such grants must make opplication to the Agent General of Immigration, stating expressly their willingness to relinquish all claim to a return passage. 3. The Agent General, on ascertaining that the applicant has completed his industrial residence, and is entitled to a free pa.ssage, will give a certificate to that elTect, stating his name, father's name, registered number, and the name of the ship by which he came. 4. On the presentation of such certificate by the immigrant to the Sub-intendant of Crown lands, a lot of land will be assigned *.o him in one of the blocks surveyed for the purpose. 5. The Crown Surveyor will from time to time, as the number of applications may require, receive instructions to survey blocks of 500 acres each, to be divided into 50 ten-acre lots for this purpose. These lots are to be disposed of in regulor succes- sion until t'lc whole block is filled. The following return transmitted by tht Colonial Secretary shows the number of Indian and Chinese immigrants under employment in Trinidad on the 1st .lanuary 1872: — No. of Indians on estates under indenture -10,021 Do. do. not under indenture - 8,626 No. of Chinese on estates under indenture - 333 Do. do. not under indenture - None No. of Indians introduced from Calcutta from 1st January to 31st December 1871 - 2,051 Besides the above, the number of immigrants not under indenture and not residing on estates may be stated at 9,069. The total number of Coolies introduced into Trinidad from the East Indies from the 1st uf 1872.] COOLIE IMMIGRATION. 51 prants January 1845, tlie date when that emigrntion tom- menced, up to th? 31stof Decemb r 1871, was 40,838; and the numbers that have returned to India up to the aist Detembei 1870 are 4,000. Governor Longden in his despatch dated 29 July above referred to, stites that " The whiile popula- tion of Indian origin now in the Colony was ascer- tained by the recent ciiisus, April 1871, to be ii7,425. Of theje it appears tVoni the Agent General's returns that 7,888 were working* under their first live years indenture, and 3,'.i:iO having completed their ori- ginal contracts were worKing under fresh engage- ments, leaving 18,207 resident in the Colony not under any indenture. In tl.is latter number are in- cluded the children, whether of indentured or unin- dentured Coolies." "The recorded mortality in 1870 among 8,230 indentured Coolies was 35'J, being at the rate of 4'3 per cent. The rute varied according to the length of the Coolies' residence, in the proportions shown in the following table :" Mortality in 1870. JrwSi.. »"«"'"• Rato per cent. Aninn-ist nrri>ftls in ISflfi - ,. „18(i7- - ., I8li8- - „ „lSfl«. - „ ., „ l«7<» - - 8:i8 2,1 las 1,?44 2,;?il 17 47 M 77 2-0 2'a 3-9 oa a* Totnl - ti;ao 850 4;i " The comparatively small mortality in the first year of residence (1870), is attributed by the Agent- General to the system lately introduced of issuing u daily ration of food to the immigrant during the firstl2 months of his residence. The excessive mor- tality of the second year is attributable in like manner to the discontinuance of the rations at the end of 12 months. Under the new Immigration Law of 1870, the ration system is extended to two years, unless otherwise ordered by the Immigration Ofllcers." Liberated Africans. Liberated Afhicans introduced into British Guiana or Trinidad may be indentured (whet';i r adults or children) by the Local Government, urier Colonial Ordinances, British Guiana, No. 4 of 1804, and Trinidiul, No. 3, 1801. These two Ordinances are alike in their provisions, exce])t that in British Guiana the immigrant is required to sign the contract himself, while in Trinidad it is signed on hisbehalf by the im- migration agent. They providethatihe Africans shall be divided into two classes, the first cliiss comprising those over, and the second tho.e under 15 years of age. The former are to be indentured as servants in husbandry for five years in British Guiann, and for three years in Trinidad, the latter till they uitain the age ot 18 in Trinidad, and 20 in l^ritish Guiana. The employer is to pay a fee of 40». a ^far on all labourers of the first class, but in case of i.egiLCt of duty or breach of contract the Governor is autho- rised to cancel the indenture, and to re-indenture the labourer to another employer for the remainder of his term. St. Lucia. The following Ordinances alTect Indian immi- grants in this Colony : — 1865. 28 Vict. No. 1. Amends and consolidates im- migration laws. 18C7. 30 & 31 „ 10. Authorises bounty to Coolies in lieu of return passage. 1871. 34 8c 35 „ 4. Masters and servants Ordi- nance. ., „ 10. Ileturn passages fur certain resident Coolies. The following is the substance of their main provisions: — Ordinance No. 1 of 18G5, consolidates and amends all previous immigration laws of the island, 15 in number. It is substantially the same as the British Guiana Ordinance No. 4 of 1864, except that Indian emigrants are entitled to back passages to India after 8 instead of 10 years' residence, 5 ol which must be " industrial residence." Africans, Chinese, and Coolies are to be indentured for 5 years without breaks ; but with an option to the Chinese and Coolies to redeem liielust 2years by apayinentto the Colonial Treasury of 25s. for each year. The Indian immi- grant may also commute his right to a back passage tor !i grant of land. This provision is similar to one in the Jemaica law. Ordinance No. 10 of 1867 empowers the Governor to ,Q:rant to Coolie emigrants in lieu of n back \mi- s(-.g«" to Jn.-'ii, a bounty in money not cxreeding 10/. to each adult, and 51, to each child exclusive of infaiUs. Ordinance No. 4 of 1871 regulates the rights and duties of masters and servants, and applies to all servants, and servants in husbandry, whether immi- grants or other labourers. Breaches of contract, and negligent or improper conduct occasioning loss, daniagt! by fire to the property of their employers, or wilful misconduct, render servants liable on conviction by a stipen- diary justice, to imprisonment not exceeding 30 days, with or without hard labour, or to a fine not exceeding 5/., together with an abatement of wages. — (Sections 2, 3, 4.) Ill usage of servants or non-fulfilment of contract by employers, renders the latter liable to a penalty not exceeding 10/. — (Sect, 5.) The duration of contracts, in the absence of agree- ments in writing to the contrary, is fixed for " ser- •' vants in husbandry" at one week, and for other " servants'' at one month. Oral contracts of service for more than one month are rot valid. Contracts in writing made in the Colony, in Europe, or North Ameri.a or the West Indies are valid for nine months.— Sect. 0, 12, 13. Written contracts must specify accurately the conditions of the engagement. Sect. 14. A penalty not exceeding 20». is imposed on thf employer or servant terminating contracts of task work without reasonable and sufficient cause. — Sect. 15. Ordinance No. 10 of 1871 provides that Indian imniigrunts who agree to remain in the Colony and _ o2 COOLIE EMIGRATION. [1872. it i ft I! work continuously as uf^ricultu al labourers for eight yeiirs, become at the end r (' that time entitled to free ])»ssafres to (Calcutta. Magistrates may make agreements to the above effi-ct on behalf of iiinnigrants under 15 years of age. The children of resident immigrants are entitled to passages, but if they attain 15 years of age during the currency of the agreement, they are to work as agricul- tural labourers until the agreement expires. The superintendent of police is to keep a register of re- sident immigrants, and report twice a year to the Governor. Resident immigmnts convicted of felony forfeit their rights to back passages, as also do immigrants who leave the Colony ; but the rights of the latter will be restored, if ))revious to departure, they give notice to the Superintendent of Police, and on thtir return pay to the treasurer 4«. for each month's absence, or in case of not giving such notice, shall ])ay on their return 5», for eat-n month's absence. These payments are reduced to 2s. and 3s. respec- tively in the case of children between the ages of 7 and 1.5, and are remitted altogether in the case of children under 7. By (Ordinance No. 10 of 1871 entitled the "Resi- " dent hnmigrants Act," Indian immigrants, whose rights to back passages have been commuted for bounties, or who may have enjoyed, or mav bave forfeited such rights, may by arrangement with the Su;)erintendent of I'olice secure a return passage to India on condition of a residence of eight years and employment during that time as an agricultural laborer. 1859. 23 1861. 24 18(i2. 3. 29. SO. 31. 10. 19. 35. Jamaica. The following are the Immigration Acts of this colony : — 1858. 22 Vict cap. 1. Immigration Act, 1858, (Prin- cipal Act.) „ „ „ 2. Introduction of Chinese at expense of private persons. For raioing Immigration Funds. Extending the provisions of Act 1858 to Chinese Immi- gration. Raising funds for intrwluc- tion of Chinese women and chilassages and for colonization of immi- grants, instead of 20s. per annum for every itnmi- grant reported to be alive in the island on the 30th of September in each year, as required by the re- pealed enactment. The Immigration Acts Amendment Law, 1869, enacts that immigrants of above 12 years of age shall be deemed adults : — that, except in cases where this rule is suspended, and ihe immigrants feed themselves, rations according to a scale to be fixed by the Governor shall bo issued by the employers to immigrants introduced in the year 1869, or in any subsetiuent year, and charged to them at a price also to be fixed by the Governor. The immigrants are to work 6 days a week and for 9 hours a day, except on Sundays, Good Friday, and Christmas day. The rate of wages to be not less than Is. per diem for males above 16; 9ii. for males between 12 and 16, and for females o^ any age. Task work is auth . rized in certain cases, as more fully explained hcie- after under the head of " Wages." The total number of Coolies introduced into .lamaica from the Eiist Indies, from the 1st of January 1845, the date when that emigration com- menced, up ti) the .Slst of December 1866, was 9,195 ; since then, 5,270 were introduced to 31st December 1871r making a total of 14,469 immigrants intro- duced from the East Indies. The numbers that returned to India up to 31st December 1871 are 2,651. During 1871 there were introduced from India, 1,354 immigrants; and 925 immigrants, entitled to back passages, rettirned to Calcutta. Of these 487 persons con^isting of !J51 males. 111 women, 99 children, and 25 infants embarked in the " Aliquis." They took with them prop"rty to the value of 13,986/. 6«., -."hich, divided between the 362 adults, would give ;.'i a\eri\'/,e of 13/. 12*. 8d. for each. The " Mercliaritman" embarked 438 passengers for Calcutta, consisting of 212 men, 102 women, 106 children, and 18 infants. They deposited with the I" Indian or (Chinese religious festivals. lljion the death <>t any immigrant, the employer is to ascertain what ■,\)])erty the deceased possessed, and to take charge ot' it; and to report the death to the immigration agent itnd transmit an inventory of the immigrant's property. 'I'he immigration agent is then subject to the direct i iis of the Governor, to distribute the deceased's ■ U'eets amongst his relatives in the colony, or to lr.lll^lnit the proceeds to India for the benefit of hU relatives there. Employers desirous of re-indenturing immigrants must make a])plieation to the immigration agent. On every estate where inmiigrants are located there must be projjer houses, impervious to rain, of suflicient size and divided into a|)arl.mcnts, and the ])ortions used as sleeping apartmenls niiist be Hoored with waod. A separate room i;» to be given to every 'Married immigrant with his wile, 'i he houses are to be lime washed inside and otit once a year at loast, and the neighbourhood kept clear of bru.thwood, stagnant water, and vegetable inatter. A medical practitioner is to be engaged to visit the immigrants, who, when sick, are to be supplied, at the cost of the employers, with medicine.^ and proper and sutllciunt food and nourishment. I !i^ I , J" 1 hi •1 is [ ;: i 54 COOLIE IMMIGRATION. [1872. The estate's hospitals are to be whitewashed at least once a year, to be supplied with pure water for the use of the ))afients, and to be provided with pro|»cr furniture and medicines, and the appliances for dispensinp; them. On arrival in the Colony, the immi;(rants are to be classified as follows : — 1st class, all immigrants of the age of l(i and upwards. 2nd class, all immi- grants of the age of 10 and under 16 ; and 3rd class, all chililri'n under the age of 10. The wages, paid monthly in cash are not to be less than, — for the 1st class, 107.; for the 2nd class, .St/. ; for the 'Jrd cla.^s, :iil, i)er diem. The day's work is fixed at nine hours, but labourers who perfoim the task of an uniiidentured laborer in less than nine hours are considered to have done the day's work. Coolies who undertake heavy work are paid the same as the Creole laborers employed on the same work. In addition to wages, employers arc required .it their own cost for the Trst month after indenture to provide each adult immigrant with 10 lbs. of rice, a lbs. of salt fish, and i lb. of ghee or butter a week ; children between 10 and 1(3 years of age are to receive two-thirds, and children under 10 half this allowance. If at the end of the first month the emjiloyer or the immigrant think fit these nitions are to be continued for two months longer, on con- dition that their cost as settled by the immigration agent, is then to be deducted from the immigrants wages. Ton AGO. Under the Export Tax Act of 1 870 funds are raised for the introduction of immigrants. This Act gives authority to the Governor in Privy Council to frame regulations, &c. with respect to the introduction of immigrants. The immigrants are to enter into con- tract under the Master and Servant's Act, No. 472, of 1856. No immigrants from India have been in- troduced into this island. St. Christopher's. The princip.-^l Immigration fAct for St. Kitts is No. 152, passed 18th March 1859. It authorises the 1 payment of agents In India appointed by other West India Colonies. The Governor is empowered '.o name pt'-ts and places from whence emigration on bounty may be carried on, and the rate ot bounty payable. Immigrants from Madeira the Azores, Cape dc Verde, or Canary Islands ar^* to be indentured for not less than one nor more than three years; and immigrants from the East Indies, China, or Africa, for three years from the time of their arrival, and the latter immigrants at any time between one and three months from the expiry of their indentures must re-indenture for a further period of two years, or pay 5/ ; but if re-indentured the immigrant may terminate his indenture at the end of the first year on the payment of 2/. 10s. At the end of their ser- vice under indenture, immigrants are entitled to certificates of industrial residence, releasing them from all I'urther obligation to j)erform service under contract of indenture, and to passport*} to enable them to leave the Colony. Immigrants are entitled to b?ck passages ten years after their arrival at the expense of the Colony, upon ))ayment of 7/. 5s. lOrf.; but no payment is required of immigrants who have served the last five years of their residence under contracts of not less than one ye.nr's duration, or passages may be acquired by immigrants who pay '2l. 10s. for each year during which they have not been under contract. Honduras, In this Colony an Immigration Act was passed on the 12th March 1861 (24 Vict. c. 5.), which, in its main ])rovisions, is a copy, with the necessary verbal alterations, of the Jamaica Act, No. 1 of 1858, the principcil difTercnces being that it includes in its operation Chinese Immigration, and empowers the Sujieriiitendent to remove immigrants from estates and cancel their indentures in case the accom- modation provided for them is bad or insufficient, or in case of any proved misconduct of the em- ployers, or "on any other ground the Superinten- dent shall consider it requisite." This Act has been amended by an Act passed on the 6th April 186.3, which legalized contracts for 5 years, made out of the colony, with Indian, Chinese, and Asiatics immigrants. It also repeals Sections 18, 19, 20, 32, and 84 of 24 Vict. c. 5. The indentures of all the immigrants introduced under the Act 24 Vict, had expired before the end of 1870. By proclamation, dated 1st July 1870, amended by one dated 27th October 1870, and issued under the authority of Local Acts, 31 Vict. cap. 15, and 32 & 33 Vict. cap. 8, a bounty is offered not exceed- ing 51. for eadi statute adult, and 3l. 6«. 8d. for each childunder 16yearsof age, imported into the Colony under the provisions of the first-named Act. Antigua. In Antigua, the principal Immigration Act is No. 757 of 10 July 1862, which consolidates the Law. It is framed on ti'ie model of the British Guiana Act No. 7 of 1854. Act, No. 1202 dated 18 September 1862, repeals two previous Acts, No. !)7 i, of 18-16, and 1045 of 1851, rclatinglto certain contracts theretofore entered into with immigrants from the Azores, I\Iadeira, Canary, or Cape de Verde Islands, and makes other provisions in lieu thereof. Act No. 14 of 1869 ngulates the carriage of pas- sengers, and subjects all vessels or boats cavrying ])assengers to the provisions of ihe Imperial Pa.ssen- gers' Act, 18 & 19 Vict. c. 119, whatever may be the length of the voyage, if the Governor shall so direct. [1872. them under enable es ton lie last of not may 0». for under 1872.] COOLIE IMMIGRATION, &c. 5S St. Vincent. The Acts relating to immigration into this colony are: — 1857, No. 135. Raising Loansfor Immigration pur- poses. „ „ 139. Altering the Law of Contracts, for Encouragement of Immigration and Regulation of Immigrants. 1858, „ 147. Amending preceding Act and mak- ing further provisions. 1859, No. 158. Further amending Immigration Act, 1857. 18C1, „ 174. Do. 1867, „ 265. Do. 1869, „ 306. Granting further Bounties. 1870, „ 328. Amending Law with regard to Females. The laws affecting immigrants in this colony resemble those of British Guiana and Trinidad. Immigrants on their arrival, if not immediately engaged as labourers, are provided by the Immigra- tion Agent with wholesome and sufficient food and convenient lodging until the means of earning their own subsistence can be provided for them. Immigrants are allowed to locate themselves on such plantations as they may prefer ; and if they make no preference, the Immigration Agent allots them to those plantations for which applications have previously been made ; but in locating them it is not lawful for the Agent to separate husbands and wives, or children under 15 from their parents or natural protectors. — Immigration Act, 1857, sees. 9 and 21. Immigrants on arrival are indentured for three years, and at the end of that period are required to enter into another indenture for two years, or to pay a sum of 2/. 10«. for each year wanting to complete five years' residence under indenture. — Act No, 147, sec, 3. Coolies employed on estates must be lodged in proper houses, floored and impervicis to rain. A separate room is to be given to each married immi- grant with his wife. A medical practitioner is en- gaged to attend each estate, and take the medical charge of the immigrants at the cost of the em- ployer.— jRw/es, 29M June 1870. Wages are paid monthly. The rate of wages must not be less than at the rate of 10<^.per working day in the case of a first-class labourer ; of 5d, in the case of a second-class labourer ; and of 3d. in the case of a third-class labourer. In addition the em- ployer is to find a ration of 10 lbs. of rice, 3 lbs. of salt fish, and i lb. of ghee or butter per week, to be issued gratis during the first month's service; and if the Governor shall so order, the employer is for two months after to issue the same or other ra- tions at the charge of the labourer — Rules, 29th June 1870; Act No. 158, sec. 6 and Sched. B.; and Act No. 174, sec. 1. Coolie labourers of the first class are considered to have performed a day's work when they have com- pleted the ordinary task of uuindentured labourers on the estate, and coolies of the second class when they have completed half such task. Children of the third class are not compelled to labour without the concurrence of their fiarents, excepi ch the permis- sion of the Immigration Agent.— .4c/ No. 158, sec. 3. Immigrants who have completed five years' indus- trial residence are entitled, free of charge, to a certi- ficate releasing them from all further obligation to perform service under indenture, and entitling them, if they think proper, to work on their own account or to quit the colony at their own expense. At tht end of eight years' industrial service(meaningthcreby service under indenture), they are entitled to back passages to India at the cost of the colonial funds.— Immigration Act, 1857, sec». 40 4> 53, and Act No. 158 0/1859, sec. 1. Immigrants entitled to back passages may com- mute their right, and receive, in addition to any wages they may stipulate for, bounty on re-inden- ture at the following rates : — For 1 year „ 2 years >, 3 „ ,» 4 „ - 1. 5 „ — Act No. 309, sec. 3. By the Act, No. 328, of 4th August 1870, complaints against female immigrants for absence from work shall be dismissed by the magistrates in cases of pregnancy or physical inability. £2 1 8 3 6 8 5 4 2 7 5 10 10 Bermuda The Immigration Act of 1862 is repealed by an Act of 1865. By Act No. 17 of 1870, the two expiring Immigration Acts passed in 1864, cap. 17, No. 985, intituled " An Act to repeal an Act intituled An Act to promote Immigration into Bennuda," and to make other provisions instead thereof, and its amending Act, No. 20 of 1865, are continued until the end of December 1880. Act No. 25 of 1871, intituled an Act to amend the Act No. 17 of 1864 relative to immigration, autho- rizes the payment of bounty at specified rates to individuals introducing inimigrants with the pre- vious sanction of the Board, and to discharged soldiers and sailors who have served two years in the islands as farm labourers or domestic servants. The rales of bounty payable are : — Adulti. Children Orer 12. Under 11. From Europe, Madeira, or Wettern laUnds - From United States or liritiih North America - j From Chiua - - - - £ 10 3 20 £ 8 3 [£ 5 1 Natal. The introduction of Coolies from the East Indies is regulated by the Consolidating Law No. 2 of 1870, amended by law No. 14 of 1871. The introduction of Coolies from other places than India is regulated by Law No. 13 of 1859, I i 1 56 BOUNTY PROCLAMATIONS.— WEST INDIES, &c. [1872. It ^ \ 1 i| Mauritius. The following are the laws which relate to the immigration of Indiang into the Mauritius: — Ordinances No. 5 of 1849. Levying stamp duty on immigrants' contracts lor immigration pur- poses. „ 7 „ 1849. To check desertions. „ 16 „ 1852. For promoting immigration, and encouraging the industry of emigrants. , „ 12 „ 1855. Facilitating proof of Indian mar- riages, and punishing the entice- ment away of Indian wives. „ 13 „ 1858. The engagement of new immi- grants. „ 16 „ 1862. Authorizes engagement of Indians for five years, and repeals ordi- nances No. 21 of 1854, and 65 of 1860, and part of No. 30 of 1858. Article 14 of No. 16 of 1862 is repeated by No. 31 of 1867. „ 28 „ 1863. Authorizes the protector of immi- grants to intervene on behalf of immigrants in certain judicial proceedings. „ 18 „ 1864. Repealed. „ 5 „ 1865. Enables the chief clerk of the im- migration department to act in the absence of the protector. „ 7 „ 1865. Secures the rights of immigrants under certain contracts of service and extends the jurisdiction of stipendiary magistrates in claims for wages. „ 28 „ 1865. Continues operation of No. 16 of 1862, declared to be still in force. „ 29 „ 1865. Amends the law as to hospitals and medical attendance of immi- grants. Article 26 reiiealed by Ordinance No. 31 of 1867. „ 31 „ 1867. Consolidates the law, repealing 12 ordinances not here enumerated, and parts of two other ordi- "":'"'""''-' nances. (This is the principal Act now in force, ) „ 12 „ 1870. Punishes the enticing away and harbouring of wives of Indian immigrants. Regulations have been issued by the Governor under the authority of the preceding Acts as follows : Government Notice No. 166 - 1868 „ . „ 142 - 1869 .. „ „ 12 - 1870 The following laws also affect Indian innnigrants as well as other laborers : Ordinance No. 17, 1841. Sunday labor. „ „ 15, 1852. Master and Servants Acts. Bounty Proclamations. Dritish Guiana. — Under the Ordiname No. 4 of 1864, the Governor has issued five Proclai:iations, dated 6th and 25th Augustl866, 13th April 18 i4, 19th June 1869, and 29th June 1870, declaring in the 1st the length of voyage and rates of bounty for the introduction of emigrants from the United States, in the2nd and4th from Barbadoes, in the 3nl from AJadeira, and in the 5th from the Azores, C.tpe de Verd Islands, and Canary Islands, as follows : — Port. Length of B«te of Bounty per Voyage. Statute Adult. riiilailelphk - ) New York - J- 7 weeks. 25 dollars. Hnston - s lUrlmdoe* 2 weeks. 4 dollars. ■Madeira 4 weeks. 25 dollars. Azores, Cftpc - wcekf. - dollars. de Verd and Canary Is- lands. By the terms of the licence to be issued by the Governor to the shipowner, no bounty is to be paid for children under eight years of age, and two children between 8 and 16 years of age count as one ndult. No immigrants have been introduced under the first of these prolcamations ; but up to the 31st Decem- ber 1871, there were introduced 11,605 ( = 10,231J statute adults) Barbadians under the second and fourth, and 1,806 ( = 1,320 statute adults) Madeirese under the third. During 1870 the number of immi- grants who took bounty and re-indentured was 5,178. Every adult female immigrant from Barbadoes is required to produce a certificate from the clergy- man of the parish or justice of the peace that she is the wife, sister, or near relative of any adult male by whom she is accompanied. Without that certi- ficate no bounty is paid in respect of her. It. St. Kitts, the Governor, by a proclamation dated 23d May 1859 (is.sued under the authority of an Act passed on the 18th of the previous March,) has named Madeira as the only place from which immigrants may be introduced on bounty. The bounty is fixed at 7/. for each adult, and 3/. 10s. for each child under ten years of age. St. Vincen"". — By a proclamation of 1st April 1865, bounty on immigrants from England, Scotland, Ireland, the United States of America, am' British America was disallowed, and the rate of bounty for immigrants from Madeira, Cape de Verde, Azores, and the Canaries was fixed as under : — Above 15 years and not exceeding 40 years, 6/.; above 8 years and not exceeding 15 years, 3/. Provided that bounty be only payable on immi- grants competent and willing to engage in, and who do enter into indentures for agricultural labor. HoxDUii/ s. — By Proclamations dated 1st July and 27th October 1870, a bounty is offered notexcucdiii;^ 5/. for each statute adult, and 3/. (i». 8rf. for each child not ex';ecaii;(r 16 ' ears of ago, intrmluced iindur the provisioiis of the I'nmigration Act. Jamaica, Grena.'),, and Trinidau. — Although the Governors in tb^'se colonii's -.tv wnjxnvi'rt'd by / I 1872. 1872.] WAGES.— WEST INDIES, &c. 57 their Immigration Laws to proclaim the places from which immigrants may be imported on bounty, they have not yet issued any proclamation on the subject. Return Passages. The only immigrants to the West Indies, who are now guaranteed return passages, are those from the East Indies, who are sent home after a residence of ten, or, in the case of St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Antigua, eight years ; of which the first five, at least, must be passed under contract. Emigration from China. Emigration from China to the British West Indies is at present suspended. The convention negotiated at Pekin between the representatives of the English, French, and Chinese Governments on the 6th March 1866, for regulating the emigra- tion, tiot having been ratified by the English and French Governments, became inoperative. The Chinese authorities have declined to adopt the modifications proposed to them, or to afford the requisite co-operation for giving effect to the pre- viously existing treaty, and the emigration is there- fore necessarily in abeyance. Emigration from Honq Kong. Emigration, under contracts of service, from Hong Kong to British colonies is now regulated by Colonial Ordinance No. 4 of 1870, see post, p. 69. Between the 1st of January and the 30th September 1871 7,716 men, lu2 women, 481 boys, and 14 girls left Hong Kong for San Francisco and the colonies. Wages in the West Indies, Mauritius, and St. Helena. British Guiana. — Agricultural labourers almost invariably work by the task, the usual pay for which varies, according to circumstances, from 2s, to 3s. An able-bodied and industrious labourer can earn from 2s. to 3(. per day; and these amounts are actually earned by Creoles of AfVican descent, and by the more powerful Chinese and East Indian immi- gra;.*s. The average earnings daily, however, of the two k Her classes do not exceed Is. 4rf. The day's work v. ries from seven to ten hours ; but immi- erants often work little over four or five hours daily. The following are the rates of daily w.ages paid in the colonial civil engineering department to artizans : — Blacksmiths, 2.1. ad. to 6s. 3d. ; Bricklayers and Plas- terers, 4s. 2d.; Carpenters and Joiners, 3s. 4f/. to 4».2d. ; Coopers, 4«. 2d. ; Engineers, 6s. and upwards ; Masons, 4s. 2d to .'is. ; Sawyers, 3». to 3s. Ad. ; La- bourers, 2s. 44/. to 2«. 8d. Trinidad. — The only labourers well adapted for field work in this climate are Africans and their descendants, Chinese, and East Indians. The ordinary rate of wages is from Is. to \s. 3d. a day ; Ploughmen, 4». 2d. per day, house and garden free. Able Trenchers can make 2s. 6d. a day of from 8 to 9 hours. Tobago. — According to last advices from this colony, the rates of wages were as follows : — Farm labourers, 8ef. to Is. per tisk or job; Domestic ser- vants, 10/. per annum ; Tradesmen, by the task or job, 2a. 6d. to 3s. Jamaica. — Under I^w 34 of 1H69, Indian immi- grants are entitled to be paid by day wages at the rate of not less than one shilling a day for every working day in the case of u mule adult, and of not less than ninepence a day in the case of a female or a non-adult male indentured iinmigrimt. With cer- tain exceptions, the immigrant must work and the employer nuist find work for him, or pay him wages for six days in every week. The employer must \My the immigrant wages at the fixed daily rate forevery day of nine hours for which he has been at work. If the employer has reason to compliiiii of an immi- grant not having done a fair day's work, the law does not empower him to be the judge in his own case, by reducing or stopping the labour'jrs' wages. His remedy is by coni])laint to the Sub- Agent of Immi- gration, who is the judge between the parlies, and who has power to decree forfeiture of wages, as well as to pronounce a penal sentence upon the labourer. For persistent idleness or refusal to work, the Dis- trict Court Judge has power to pa.«s a more severe sentence than the Sub-Agent. When the labourer and employer mutually consent to a system of task work, that description of work is permitted at a rate of pay for a task sanctioned by the Agent General of Immigration, but no rate of t&sk work is approved unless it is sutlicient toaflbnl to a male of sixteen years of age and upwards at least one shilling a day with only ordinary exertion, and more v ith extraordinary exertion. Bermuda , -The wages for labour are, — with board. Men, about S^s. sterling per month ; Women, about 17«. without board ; European Field Labourers, Men, 3s. Gd. to 4s. per diem ; Mechanics, 5s. to 7s. per diem. Bahamas. — The Surveyor General, in a report dated 12th April 1870, gives the average daily rate of wages at Nassau as follows : — Ma.sons, Carpenters, and Painters, 3s. to 4s., Joiners 4«., Ship Carpen- ters 5s. to 6s,, and Labourers Is. 3d. to 2s. a day. Cooks 16s., Grooms 30s., and Domestic Servants 16s. to 20s. per month, with board ; Washerwomen, 4«. per doz. clothes; Liineburners 4'-'., and Coal- burners 6d. per bushel. Mauritius. — The rates of wages in this Colony vary according to the age and length of service of the immigrants. The average scale per month, with rations, is stated in the report of the Protector of Immigrants for tht year 1870 to be as follows: — Agricultural labourers, new hands from 5s. to 12»., old hands from 4». to 14s.; Carpenters, 3/.; Black- smiths, 1/. 5«.; Coopers 2l. 5s.; Farriers, 1/. 4». Painters and Glaziers, 2t.; Masons, 1/. 17».; Sawyers, 1/. 9». ; Gardeners, 16». ; Cooks, 1/. ^ «. ; General Servants, 11. «.; Coachmen, 1/. h. ; Tailors, i/. ss. ; Sugarmakcrs, 2/. 9».; Mill Drivers, .''. 19». ; Sailors, 16s,; Jewellers, 1/. 5». St. Hklena.— In a letter from the Colonial Secre- tary, dated 1st February 1872, the rates of wages ar^ given as follows: — Labourer.^, I ». Ct/. to ,'ts. per day, without rations ; Domestic Servants, C/. to 20/. per annum, with rations; and Tradesmen, 3«. to 6s. per day, without rations » % 58 DEMAND FOR LABOUR, WEST INDIES. [1872. DEMAND FOR LABOUR IN THE WEST INDIES. West Indies. Jamaica. — W. M. Anderson, Esq., the late Immi- gration Agent, in a Report, dated 5th March 1868, which is still a])plicable, says ; — " Agricultural labour is still very inucli wanted in several districts of the island, but cinpluyers hesitate to apply for inmiigrants in conseijuence of the bad class of people introduced last year, and also on account of the high rate they have to pay for them, in addition to the export duty on produce, and the expense of medical attendance, food, &c., until they get acclimated. "The iiiijj^rti'f'on of immigrants into Jamaica was suspended from 1863 to 1867. In June and July of the latter year 1,625 Coolies were introduced from Calcutta, but these are reported not to have given satisfaction to the planters, owing, it is said, to their being ill-selected," The demand for labour still continues. Applications were received in the Colony in 1871 for 1,645 immigrants, and in 1872 for 2,400. British Guiana. The following olllcial Report from Mr. Walker, the Assistant Government Secretary, dated 4th March 1869, is considered to be still applicable. " There is a steady and increasing demand for agricultural labourers ; but, from the nature of the climate, Europeans are totally unfit to be so em- ployed. European tradesmen, if ♦horoughly com- petent, would no doubt obtain constant and remu- nerative employment ; and, if their trade be such as could be carried on within doors, might entertain a reasonable hope of succiH'ding and saving money, provided they avoided intemperance, to which the climate and the circumstances in which they would be placed offer great temptations. The field for the employment of such persons is very limited." The number of Indian immigrants for whose introduction during the season 1872-3, applications have been received from the colonial authorities is 9,030. Trinidad. The Colonial Secretary, in a letter dated the 24th January 1872, adopts the report of the Agent Gene- ral of Immigrants, Henry Mitchel, Esq., M.D., which states — " The demand for continuous agricultural labour is considerable, otherwise labour would not be im- ported from India at a cost of more than 21/. per head, with further promise of return passage, free, after the termination of 5 years under contract, and an additional service of 5 years without contract, or of a free grant of 10 acres of land in lieu of the return passage. The demand is great for this species of labour, because the peasantry, who are free agents, will not furnish continuous labour for the ordinary wages of from lOd. to Is. and \s.3d; and tolerable ploughmen are paid at the rate of one dollar per day, with house and garden free." The number of immigrants for whose intro83 1871 - - - Totel Intro- > duoed in the 36 years - ) 1,364 3,567 2,049 - 825 260 - - - - - - - 7,554 3,292 ♦307,276 29,512 156,519 66,546 3,026 8/144 4,466 3,602 1,978 617 427 808 389 1,100 271,323 * This number Include! 36,938 intercolonial emlgranta. Ji m PASSENGERS' ACTS. [1872. i'^ ■ ^, AnsTRACT OP TUB Pamenoees' Acts, 1858, 1863, and lH7n. 18 4 19 Vict. ( . 110, i!0 & 27 Vict. c. 51. and ;w k iH Vict, c .m. N.B.— The Sections quo'cd refer to the Act of 1855, unless the Act of lSfi.3 is specified. 1. TheseActsajipIy equally to foreign and toBritisih vessels, except such parts of the Act of iS55 as relate to the Rules to be prescribed by Orders in < Jouncil for preserving order and for securinf; cleanliness and ventilation on board, which Hules ar;^ binding onlv in " I'iissenj^er Ships" proceeding to the Rritish Colonies. Hut by the bond required by the 63cl(il)ur anil 17tht Jiiiiiiarv -J «ive, I To the t'oiMt of Africa south ot tlin Kquntor I the FBlkhin(ls,(irthe K(i»t Const of South '. America Houtliward of the Mtli degree of f South Latitude - - - - -J To Western Auctralia ... To tli(! 40tli ilonrec of North Latitude - •) To thoAVestorn Coast of .\inerica, north of) the 4()th decree of North Latitude, and > t\\K Islandii luljaccnt tliereto • - ) For Sailing Vessels. For Steamers Days. Days, 70 40» 80 45» 105 US 120 140 H5 0(1 150 00 182 90 6. Parties contracting to provide cabin passengers in " i)assenger ships," or emigrants in any ships, with passages to any place out of Europe, not being in the ftlediterrancan Sea, are bound to give contract tickets in the fonii prescribed by the Act, or by the Emigr..tioii Comi 'isaioners, conta'ning an acknow- ledgment for the noney receiv d, under a penalty not exceeding Fiffi/ Pounds nor less than Five Pouiuls, and the forfeiture of licence in the case of a passage broker Sees. 71 & 67. 7. Any person fraudulently altering, afler issue, contract tickets, or inducing passengers to part with or destroy them during the existence of the contract, is liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty Pounds in each case. — Sec. 72. 8. Cabin and other passengers may recover in a summary way, before Justices of the Peace, damages for the breach of any stipulation in their contract tickets, not exceeding, with the costs, the amount of their jiassage money and Twenti/ Pounds. — Sec. 73. 9. Cabin and other passengers are bound, under a penalty not exceeding Ten Pounds, to exhibit, on demand, to any Emigration Officer, their contract tickets Sec. 74. 10. Facilities for inspecting all ships, either fitting for or carrying passengers, are to be afforded to the proper officers at home and abroad. — Sec. 10. 11. No " ])assenger ship" is to clear out with- out first obtaining from the Emigration or Cus- tom-house officer, as the case may be, a certifi- cate that the requirements of the Act have been complied with, and that the ship is seaworthy, and with her passengers and crew in a fit state to pro- ceed ; nor without the master having given a bond to the Crown. — Sect. 11. The penalty for breach of this regulation is titc forfeiture of the ship, if found within two years in any port of the United Kingdom, or in the British possessions abroad. But the Secre- tary of State may, if he thinks fit, release the ship on a money p.-iyiiient not exceeding Two Thousand Pounds.— Hect. 13 of the Act of 1863. * The KmiKr.ition Commissioners have issued, under the iiro- Tisions of the .totb section of the Act, a r.otiee, dated 4th June 1884 (puhlislied in the London Gasettc of the 7th Juiic), re- dui'inn, by eii-'ht clays, the length of voynse to North Ainerica for eteaniors capable of Kteaniiuu at a rate of not less than 10 Htatute miles an hour. The declared Toyagc, therefore, now is, for Dtcamers clcarint; between the Kith January and 14th October, iiicIusiTo, 32 days : and between tlie lAtli October and l.Uli January, inclusive, 87 ilays. t The 17th is an error in the Act; it should hare been the ISth. 1872.] PASSENGERS' ACTS. 61 12. No ship is to carry passengers on more than '2 decks, exce]>t in the ciise of cabin jiassengen, where the number docs nut exceed 1 to every 100 tons register. No ship is to carry in the poop, round-house, or deck-house, or on the "upper passengers' deck" more passengers than in the proj>ortion of 1 statute adult to every ITi dear superficial feet, or on the "lower i)assenger deck," than in the ])roportion of 1 to every 18 feet of deck allotted to their use. But if the height between the lower and upper passenger deck be less than 7 feet, or if the apertures for Ught and air ("xclusive of side scuttles) be less in size than in the proportion of 3 feet to every 100 superficial feet ot the lower passengers' deck, then only 1 statute adult to every 25 feet can be carried on the lower deck. No ship is to carry more ])assengers in the whole than 1 to every 5 superficial feet clear for exercise, on the upper deck or poop, or on the round or deck-house, if the latter be fitted on the top with a proper railing. The Master is liable to a penalty not exceeding Five Pounds for each passenger in excess. — Sees. 13 & H of the Act of 1855, and Sect. 5 of the Act of 1863. 13. Any person found on board a " Passenger Ship" with intent to obtain a |)assage without the knowledge and consent of the owner, charterer, or master, and all persons aiding and abetting, are liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty Pounds, anA in default of pay- ment to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for a period not exceeding three months. — Sec. 18 of the Act of 1855, and Sec. 7 of the Act of 1863. 14. The master of every ship before clearance must sign, and deliver to the Onlcer of Customs at the port, a list in duplicate of his passengers, including the cabin passengers, in the form prescribed by the Act, and if after clearance he embark other passengers, lists of these are also to be delivered to the Chief Officer of Customs at the place of embarkation ; or if no such officer be there, then to the officer at the first port at which the ship touches. These lists are to be countersigned by the Emigration Officer, when there is one, at the port of embarkation, and are ultimately to be deposited with the Chief Officer of Customs if the final port of discharge be in a colony, but if in a foreign country, with Her Majesty's Consul.— Sees. 16 and 17 of the Act of 1855, and Sec. 6 of the Act of 1863. 15. No "Passenger Ship" is to clear out until surveyed, and reported seaworthy and fit in all re- spects for the voyage, by two or more competent surveyors approved either by the Emigration Com- missioners or by the Commissiomrs ot Customs, as the case maybe. — Sec. 19. 16. The decks on which passengers are carried are not to be less than I^ inch in thickness, and to be properly secured to and supported by beams of ade- quate strength, forming part of the permanent struc- ture of the vessel. The height between decks is not to be less than 6 feet. There are not to be more than two tiers of berths on any deck, and the bottom of the lower tier must be at least 6 inches above the deck, and the interval between each tier of berths and between the uppermost tier and deck above it, at least 2 feet. The berths are to be securely con- structed, at a distance of at least 9 inch:;s from any water-closet, and not to be of less dimensions than after the rate of 6 feet in length by 18 inches in width for each statute adult, and sufficient in number for the ])roper accomm(Mlation of the passengers con- tained in (he " I'assengers' Lists." Single men of the age of fourteen and u|)wards are to i)e berthed in a separate con)|)iirtment in the fore part of the ship, ("' ■" separate rooms, if the ship be divideussenger, unless husband and wife, or feniales, or children under 1*2, are to occupy the same berth. No berths are to be taken down tor -18 hours after the arrival of the ship at her destination, unless all the ])assengers shall within that time have voluntarily ipiitted her. — Sees. iiO, 21, 22. and 23. 17. In every "Passenger Shiji" there must be a hospital or hospitals set apart, under the poop, or in the round-house or deck-house, or on the up|)er pas- senger deck and not elsewhere, not less in sue than 18 clear superficial feet for every 50 passengers, and properly supplied with bed-places, beds, bedding, and utensils. — Sec. 24. 18. There must be two privies in each Passenger Ship, with two additional privies on deck for every 100 passengers on board ; and where there are 50 feinale passengers, with at least two waterclosets under the pooj) or on the upper deck, for the exclu- sive use of^the women and children. The whole num- ber of privies need not exceed 12, and they are to be placed in equal numbers on each side of the ship, and to be maintained in a serviceable and cleanly condi- tion throughout the voyage. — Sec. 25. 19. In " Passenger Ships," passengers are to have the free use of the whole of each hatchway situated over the space appropriated to them, and over each hatchway there must be a booby-hatch or other sub- stantial covering. If there are as many as 100 jjas- sengers, there must also be an adequate and proper ventilating apparatus, to be a])proved by the Emigra- tion Officer.— Sec. 26. 20. Suitable and seaworthy boats, to be kept clear for immediate use, are to be carried according to the following scale, viz. : — For a ship of less than 200 tons - - 2 boats. „ 200 and less than 400 tons - 3 „ ,, 400 and less than 600 tons - 4 „ „ 600 and less than 1,000 tons 5 „ „ 1,000 and less than 1,500 tons 6 ,, ,, 1,500 tons and upwards- -7 „ But no ship is bound to carry more boats than the Emigration Officer may think sufficient to hold all the persons on board. One of the boats must be a Long-boat, and another a properly fitted Life-boat. The latter is to be carried where the Emigration Offii-iT may think it will be most available for imme- diate service. There must also be 4 properly fitted Life-buoys kept ready for immediate use ; one, or two chronometers according as the ship is bound to the northward or southward of the Equator; three steering and one azimuth Compass ; and some adf- quate means for making Night and Fog Signals : and a Fire Engine with or without some apparatus for extinguishmg fire. — Sec. 27. 21. No ship is to clear out until manned with an efficient crew, which must not be changed without the consent of the Emigration Officer or Shipping Master.— Sec. 28. 22. No gunpowder, vitriol, lucifer-matches, guano, green hides, or other article likely to endanger the safety of the ship or the health of the passengers, is to be taken as cargo or ballast, and no part of the 6t PASSENGERS' ACTS. [1872. f ' cnr^n, water, provisioni, storcR, or pasHcnf^crs' litf;- H:\jiv, U to be carried on the upper or jiassi'MKer (Ifckx, tir.le.ss stored and secured to the sutiHliu'tioii of the Hnii){ratioii Ollicer, mid the space deducted in culculutinf^the Ton niiKe Check. — Sec. '29. A liiaited luiinberor horses and cattle, mrty, under certain con- ditions, be carried in passenger ships. — Sect. 8 of the Act of IHO.'t. And by sec. y of the Passengers Act Amendment Act, 1870, (33 & 'M Vict. c. !K).) the Secretary of State may authorize tlie carriage as cargo in any passenger ship of naval and military stores for the public service. 'Ml, The provisions and water* are to be surveyed by or under the direction of the iMuigration Uflicer, who may mark and reject such as are not of wholesome 'piality, or in a sweet and good condition. The ])rovi«ions and stores for the crew are also to be surveyed, and such as are of the like kind as those intended for the passengers must be of not inferior ifuality. — .Sees. ;il and '.i'2, 24. During the voyage, including the time of detention at any place, the master must issue daily before two o'clock ni the afternoon, to each passenger, or, where tliey are divit'i December J8e the duration of tiie voyage, must carry a duly (lualitied medical man. i 1872.] PASSENGERS' ACTS. 63 &c., are siifflcicnt, and that the passengers and crew are free from infectious disease. If no medical man can be obtained to perform tliis duty, the veHsi-i may Bail on obtaining from the Emigration Ofi'. 'T a written permission for the purpose. — Sec. 44. SO. All persons who may be discovered to be unfit to proceed by reason of sickness, or to be al'. jcted with any infectious diseiise, or where it is necessary to purify the ship, either at the original port of embarkation or nt anv port in the United Kingdom into which the vessel may subsequently put, are to be prohibited from embiirking or to be re-iuiided, with such members of their families, if anv, ns the Emigration Olllcer may direct, together with their clothes and effects. Passengers so re-landed, if thev are not re. of the day of embarkation named in their contract, and if from any cause, other than their own default, or the pro- hibition of an Emigration Officer, they shall not be received on board before that hour, and obtain a passage in the ship, they must be provided with one to the same port, by some equally eligible vessel, to sail within ten days from the "day named in the contract, and in the meantime to'bc paid subsist- ence-money at the rate mentioned above. In default of this, the passengers can recover from tlie con- tractor, or from the owner, charterer, or master of the ship, their passage-money and compensation not exceeding Ten Pounds, — Sec. 48. 33. In case of wreck or daitiage to the ship either in port or after the commencement of the voyage, the Master must, within 48 hours thereafter, give to the nearest Emigration Officer a written undertaking to send on the passengers within six weeks, in the same ship made seaworthy, or in some other eligible ship. In the meantime ♦hey are cither to be maintained on board, or paid Is. 6d. a day per statute adult. In case of any default, the passengers can recover from the contractor, or from the owner, charterer, or master of the ship, any passage money which shall have been paid by or on their account. If di- rected by an Emigration Officer, passengers must be removed from a damaged " passenger ship " at the I expense of the master, anil any one refusing to quit the ship is liable to line or imprisonment. — Sec. 14 of the Actof 1HC3. 34. Ships detaiiu-d in port al^er clearance more than seven days, or putting into unv port in the United Kingdom, nnist, under a penally not exceed- ing One lliinUred Pitund», etlectually repair nnv damage they may have sustained, and nuist rtplenlHii their pr(ivisi(in.s, water, and me of the Act of 18(J,'t. 36. Passengers are not to be landed against the- - consent at any i)lace other than the one conlracied for, and they are entitled to sleep and be maintained on board for 48 hours after arrival, unless the ship, in the prosecution of her voyage, quits the port .sooner, — Sees, 56 and 57. 37. Such regulations as may be prescribed by order of the (iueen in Council for preserving order, promoting health, and securing cleanliness an(l ventilation on board, are to be onCorced by the Surgeon, aided and assisted by the Master ; or in the absence of a Surgeon, by the Alaster, Any person neglecting or refusing to obey such rules, or obstructing the Master or Surgeon in the execution of any duty imposed on them by the Order in Council, or offending against the provisions of the Act, or guilty of riotou.» or insubordinate conduct, will be liable to a penalty not exceeding TVt'o Pouvdn, and moreover to one month's imprisonment at the end of the voyage. — Sec. 60. 38. One copy of the Act, with such abstract of it, and of any Order in Council relating thereto, as the Emigration Commis.iionnrs may prepare, is to be delivered, on demand, to the Master, who is bound under a penalty not exceeding I'orli/ Shillings per diem, to post up previous to the uinliurhation of the passengers, and to keep posted up in at least two conspicuous places between the decks, copies of such abstracts so long as any passengers are entitled to remain on board. Any person di.splucing or de- facing this abstract is liable to u penalty not exceeding Forty Shillings, — Sec. 61. 39. The sale of spirits on board to the passengers is prohibited, utider a penalty not exceeding Twenty nor less than Five Pounds. — Sec. 62. 40. The requirements of the Act are enforced by penalties chiefly on the IMuster. AH penalties ate to be sued for before two or more Ju.stices of the Peat,;, to the use of Her Majesty. They 'an only be re- covered in the United Kingdom by the Emigration Officers, or by the Officers of Her Majesty's Customs ; 64 REGULATIONS FOE PASSENGERS' SHIPS. [!>i72. and in the British possessions abroad, by those Officers, or l)y any other |)orsun duly autiiorized for tiie pur- pose by f he ( Jovcrnor of the colony.— Sees. 84,8.5,& H6. 41, I'as.seni^ers llieinselves, however, or the Emi- gration (Jfliceis on their behalf, may recover, by a sitniliir i)rocess, any sum of money made recoverable by the Act, to their own use, as return of (jassage- money, subsistence-money, or compensation ; and, in such cases, the pa.ssengers are not to be deemed incompetent witnesses. — Sees. 84 and 91. 42. Tlie ri^ht of passengers to proceed at law for any breach of contract is not abridged by proceedings taken under this Act. — Sec, 58, Tiie rest of the Acts relate to intercolonial voyages, and voyages to the United Kingdom. ABSTRACT OF ORDEU IN COUNCIL (7 Jan. 1864) for promoting Okdeu and Health, &c. in Passenceh Smrs to any of Hek Majesty's Possessions abroad. (59 -Sec. Pass. Act.) 1. Every passenger to rise at 7 a.m., unless other- wise permitted by the surgeon ; or, if no surgeon, by the master. 2. Breakfast from 8 to 9 a.m., dinner at 1 p.m., •upper at 6 p.m. 3. The passengers to be in thei^bedsat 10 p.m., except under permission of the surgeon, i, if no surgeon, of the master. 4. Fires to be lighted by the passengers' cook at 7 a.m., and kept alight by him till 7v.m. ; then to be extinguished, unless otherwise directed by the master, or required for the use of the sick. 5. The master to determine the order in which each passenger or family of passengers shall be en- titled to the use of the fires. The cook to take care that this order is preserved. 6. On each passenger deck three safety lamps to be lit at du.sk, und kept burning all night, and such further number us shall allow one to be placed at each of the hatchways used by the ])asscngers. 7. No naked light between deck or in the hold to be allowed at any time, or on any account, 8. The passengers, when dressed, to roll up their beds, to sweep the decks (including the space under the bottom of the berths), and to throw the dirt overboard. 9. Breakfast not to commence till this is done. 10. The sweepers for the day to be taken in rota- tion from the males above 14, in the proportion of 5 for every 100 passengers. 11. Duties of^ the sweepers to be to clean the lad- ders, hospitals, round houses, and waterclosets, to ])mnp water into the cisterns or tanks forthe supply of the waterclosi'ts, to sweep tlic decks after every meal, and to dry holy-stone and scrape them after breakfast. lU. But the occupant of each berth to see that his or her own berth is well brushed out ; and single women are to keep their own compartment clean in ships where a separate compartment is allotted to them. 13. The beds to be well shaken and aired on deck, and the bottom boards, if not fixtures, to be removed, and dry-scrubbed and taken on deck, at least twice a week. 14. Two days in the week to bp appointed by the master as washing days, but no clothes on any ac- count to be washed or dried between decks, 15. The coppers and cooking vessels to be cleaned every day, and the cisterns kept filled with water, 16. The scuttles and stern ports, if any, to be kept open (weather permitting) from 7a.m. to 10p.m., and the hatches at all hours, 1 7. On Sunday the passengers to be mustered at 10 a.m., when they will be expected to appear in clean and decent apparel. The day to be observed as religiously as circumstances will admit, 18. No spirits or gunpowder to be taken on board by any pa.ssenger. Any that may be discovered to be taken into the custody of the master till the ex- piration of the voyage. 19. No loose hay or straw to be allowed below. 20. No smoking to be allowed between decks. 21. All immoral or indecent acts or conduct, im- proper liberties or familiarities with the female pas- sengers, blasphemous, obscene, or indecent language, or language tending to a breach of the peace,swearing, gambling, drunkenness, fighting, disorderly, riotous, quarrelsome, or insubordinate conduct, and also all deposits of filth or ofl'cnsive acts of uncleanliness in the between decks, arc strictly prohibited. 22. Fire-arms, swords, and other offensive wea- pons, as soon as the pa&sengers embark, to be placed m the custody of the muster. 23. No sailors to omain on the passenger deck among the passengers except on duty. 24. No passenger to go to the ship's cookhouse with- out special permissionfroni the master, nor to remain in the forecastle among the sailors on any account. ABSTRACT OF ORDER IN COUNCIL (3rd February 1863) for preserving order in private pas.scnger ships conveying to Victokia in Aus- tralia as many as ten "unprotected female pas- sengers." 1. The term "unprotected female passengers'' signifies every female passenger between the ages of 12 and 35 proceeding to Victoria by virtue of a passage warrant issued by the Government of tht;t Colony, who, if married, shall not be accompanied by her husband, or, if unmarried, shall not be accom- panied by her father or stepfather, or by a married brother with his wife, or a married sister with hur husband, or by an unmarried brother over the age of 25. 2. All unprotected female passengers arc to be berthed in open berths, in a compartment in the aftermost jiart of the upper passenger deck of the ship, effectually divided off by substantial bulkheads from the other portions of such deck ; and no single men, or men without their wives, are to be berthed next to the bulkhead dividing off such compartment. 3. The children under 12 years of age of married female passengers, unaccompanied by their husbands, are to be berthed with their mothers. 4. An entrance to such compartment from the upper deck or poop must be exclusively appropriated to the use f f such female passengers. 5. There must be a matron on board appointed by 1872.] REGULATIONS FOR PASSENGER SHIPS. 65 the owner or masU'r of thf ship, and charged with the maintenank. i: of discipline among such female passengers. 6. No unprotected female passenger is on any account to be allowed to act as servant or attendant on the surgeon, master, or any of the officers of the ship, or on any ma!^ rabin passenger. 7. All intercourse between unprotected female pas- sengers and any of the officers or crew of the ship, or between such females and any of the male pas- sengers (exce|)t brothers or brothers-in-law, and in case of unprotected married women, their children), is strictly prohibited. 8. The master of the ship, before sailing, is, with the approval of the Emigration Officer at the port of clearance, to mark out the portion of the poop or main deck to be assigned for the purpose of exercise to such unprotected female passengers, who, during the voyage, must keep within the limits so marked out. 9. Before dark, all such female passcr^gers as afore- said are to go below to their own compartment, and as soon as they are there collected, the master is to lock the entrance, and on no account is any man to enter the compartment during the night, except the surgeon in case of illness, or the officers and crew in case danger to the ship renders their entrance necussarv. 10. ff the surgeon is required to attend profes- sionally any of such unprotected female passengers at night, the matron must .accompany and remain with him while he discharges his duties. 11. The master of the ship is to afford" to the matron and to the surgeon all the assistance in his power in carrying the regulations into effect. 12. Any person who refuses or neglects to obey any of the above rules, or who obstructs the surgeon or master of the ship in the execution of any duty imposed on them respectively by the Order, or who is guilty of insubordinate conduct, shall, on con- viction, be liable for each offence to the penalties of fine and imprisonment imposed by the Passengers Act, 1855. 13. The Order in Council is not to apply to ships chartered by Her Majesty's Emigratioa Commis- sioners. Space allowed in Ships Conveying Asiatics AND Africans, &c. By the Passengers Act, which applies to all British Possessions except India and Hong Kong, the space allowed in passenger ships to eacn statute adult is to be not less than 15 clear superficial feet in the poop or on the upper passenger deck, nor less than 18 clear superficial feet on a lower passenger deck, and the height between decks is to be not less than 6 feet for the upper passenger deck, nor less than 7 feet for the lower passenger deck. Each person of 12 years and upwards and two children between 1 and 12 years count as an adult. By the 16 & 17 Vict. cap. 84., however, the Go- vernors of Colonies may, by proclamation, reduce this space to 12 superficial! rect in the case of passengers being natives of Atia or Africa sailing from their Governments. The following colonics have accordingly issued proclamations allowing vessels to take natives of Asia or Africa at 12 superficial feei per adult, viz. — Colony. Jamaica Hong Kong Trinidad St. Helena Sierra Leone Mauritius Victoria Date. 11 Oct. 1853 28 Doc. „ 7 April 18t)9 1 March 1858 - 31 IX'C. 1861 Vessels carrying passengers frtim Ceylon to any part of India within the Gulf of Manaarand Palk .s Straits, are entirely exempt from the restrictions of the Passenger Act ; iind the Government and Legis- lative Coui ;i of Ceylon are empowered to regulate by Ordinance the number of persons or passengers who may be conveyed on such voyage. Intercolonial Voyages for Australasia, The Act 24 & 25 Vict. cap. 52, (passed Ist August 1861) empowers the Governors of the several Austra- lasian Colonics to regulate, by proclamation, the number of passengers and tne decks on which they arc to be carried in passenger ships plying between the Australasian ports, i.e. between any ports in Aus- tralia proper, Tasmania, or New Zealand. While any such proclamation is in force the rules of the Imperial Passengers' Act, 1853, on the same subject are to be suspended as regards vessels sailing from the colony in which such a proclamation has been issued. The Governor of the Colony of Victoria has, ac- cordingly, issued a proclamation under this Act, and dated 14 March 1862. The rules prescribed are, as regards sailing vessels, the same as those pre- scribed in the 14 sect, of the Imperial Passengers' Act, 1855, except that the space allowed to each statute adult on the upper pa^seng^r deck is reduced from 15 to 12 superficial feet, and on 'he lower pas- senger deck from 18 to 15 superficial feet. As regards steamers, certain rules are laid down for determining the number of fore and after cabin pas- sengers they are tocarrv, and all passengers are to be included in one or other of these denominations. The Governor of New Zealand issued similar Pro- clamations on the 6th of October 1869, declaring the leiigth of the voyage fronv thence to the under- mentioned places, amongst others, to be as follows : Hobarton ... Molbourne . . • Sydney . - - - Brisbane ... Adelaide ... Swan River North Coast of Australia . -I W.Coastof Ainerica,8.ofBqu8top J W, Coast of America, N. of Equator Placos ill Atlantic of Ocean 8. of Equator . . . . To Great Britain and Places in Atlantic Ocean North of Equator or in Mediterranean Sailing Hbips. r»yM. 40 80 100 120 160 Steamers. Days. 2S 50 60 70 00 66 PASSENGER ACT, INDIA. if [;?72. Thk Indian Emiobation Act. Kmigration from British India is regulated by the Indian Act, No. 7 of 1871, which repeals and con- solidates the previous laws on the subject. These laws are the Acts No. 46 of 1860 and No. 7 of 1862, regulating the emigration of Coolies to the French Colonies of iU-union, Martinique, Guadalouyjc, and Guiana; and the Acts No. 13 of 1864, No. 6 of 1869, and No. 6 of 1870, regulating emigration to the Hritish Colonies and to St. Croix. Tlie Act of 1871 is substantially a re-enactment of the repealed laws, with a few alterations, of which the most important occur in Sees. 19 and 31 (in- creasing the fees on Recruiters' licenses and on registration of emigrants) ; Sec. 41 (prescribing 8 instead of 6 superficial feet of deck for each child between the a^jes of 2 and 10) ; Sec. 42 (restricting the carriage of water to tanks by the omission of the word " casks ") ; Sec. 46 (terminating the emi- gration season on the Ist instead of the 15th March); Sec. 49 (directing an examination of emigrants by the Medical Inspector prior to embarkation); and Sees. 61, 62, and 69 (empowering the Local, as well as the General Government, to prohibit emigration to any place in certain cases, to increase fees, and to extend the law to other than the four specified French Colonies). Sees. 55, 56, 57, and 80 (relative to the final muster of crew and passengers by a Custom House officer or Pilot) are omitted. The following is the substance of the principal provisions of the Act of 1871 : — Emigration Agents, Protectors, Medical Inspectors, and Recruiters. The Government of every place to which emigra- tion is lawftil may, subject to the approval of the Local Government of Indu. appoint Emigration Agents in the Presidency towns of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. The remuneration of the agents must be by a fixed salary. — Sec. 4. The Local Government in India may appoint and remove l^otectors of emii5rants, whose general duties are to protect and aid with advice or other- wise all emigrants and immigrants, and to cause the provisions of the Act to be carried out. — Sees. 6-8. Medical Inspectors are also to be appointed by the Local Government, and Depots for emigrants are to be established by the Emigration Agents) in the three Presidency towns or their suburbs, and licensed annually by the Piotectors of Emigrants. License fee, 15 rupees. Sees. 9, 11. The Protectors of Emigrants and Medical Inspec- tors are, at least once a week, to inspect the emi- grants in the various depots, and see as to their state and as to the manner in which they are lodged, clothed, and fed,— Sees. 12 to 15. Recruiters of Emigrants are to be annuallv licensed by the Protectors in the three Presidency ports, and by the British Consular Agent at French ports ; and no person may act as a Recruiter without such license, under a penalty not exceeding 500 rupees. License fee, 15 rupees. — Sees. 16 and 72. The Recruiters are required to wear badges ; and before recruiting in any district or town they must exhibit their licenses to the Magistrate of the place and obtain his countersignature thereto. — Sees. 28 and 21. Countries to which Emigration m sanctioned. Contracts with Emigrants, and Registration of Emigrants. Contracts for labour to be performed out of British India, or to enable natives to emigrate, are prohi- bited, except made in confonnity with the Act. Ceylon and foreign settlements and native States in India are excepted from the prohibition. — Sec. 22. Contracts may be made with natives of India to emigrate to Mauritius, Jamaica, British Guian.n, Trinidad, St. Lucia, Grenada, St. Vincent, Natal, St. Kitt's, and Seychelles ; to the French Colonies of Reunion, Martinique, Guadeloupe and its depen- dencies, and Guiana, and to the Danish colony of St. Croix.— Sec. 23. The Governor- General may legalize emigK ion to other place. Emigration to be restricted to the ports of Calcutta, Madras, or Bombay. — Sees. 23-26. Natives of India engaging to emigrate must, before leaving their district, appear with the Recruiter be- fore a Rlagistrate, who will examine the intending emigrant as to whether he understands his engage- ment and is willing to fulfil it ; in which case the name, age, parentage, and address of the emigrant, the depot to ■which he is proceeding, and the r&te of wages and period of service agreed upon between him and the Recruiter, are to be registered by the Magistrate, and a copy of the registration forwarded to the Emigration Agent and Protector at the in- tended port of embarkation. — The registration of emigrants recruited in the Presidency towns is to be effected in like manner by the Protector, instead of by the Magistrate of the district. The Magistrate and Protector may decline to register any emigrant who does not understand the nature of his engage- ment, or has been induced to enter into it by fraud or misrepresentation. The registration fee is 1 rupee 8 annas for each emigrant, repayable if the emigrant deserts before embarkation. — Sees. 27-31. Inland Conveyance and DepCts. Registered emigrants are required to be conveyed by land or river with all convenient despatch to the depot at the port of embarkation, «nd to be accom- panied by a Recruiter or other competent per.son approved by the registering magistrate, who through- out the journey is to provide them with suitable lodging and food. — Sec. 32. The arrival at the depot of the emigrants is to be reported tx) the Protector of Emigrants, and the emigrants are to be examined by the Medical In- spector, to ascertain if they are in a fit state of health to emigrate. — Sees. 33, 34. If the Medical Inspector certifies that any emi- grant is not in a fit state of health to proceed, or if any irregularity has occurred in his recruitment, the Protector may order the Emigration Agent to pay, and on failure of payment, may himself pay and recover from the Agent, a reasonable sum to enable ".J %. •5 I 1872.] PASSENGER ACT, INDIA. 67 the emigrant to return to the place where he was registered. If the state of the emigrant's health makes it necessary, he is to be maintained in the de- pot so long as the' Protector thinks fit — Sees. 35, 36. Within 48 hours of the arrival of an emigrant at the depot the Emigration Agent is, in the presence of the Protector, to ascertain that he has been pro- perly treated on the journey, and to examine the registration. Unless the Emigration Agent, with the consent of the Protector, refuses to be bound by the contract entered into by the Recruiter, the emi- grant's copy of the registration is to be counter- ^!giieu by the Protector and Emigration Agent, if the rv'cruitn «'it took place in the country, and by the Agent a.jnc, if the recruitment took place in either of the three Presidential towns. The copy is then to be returned to the emigrant. But if the Agent, without the Protector's consent, refuses to be bound by the contract, the Agent must pay such sum as the Protector thinks reasonable, to enable the emigrant to return to the place where he was registered. — Sec. 37. No emigrant can be compelled to embark, or detained against his will in the depot or elsewhere. —Sec. 45. After the emigrant has been examined in the pre- sence of the Protector by the Emigration Agent and Medical Inspector, and approved, the Emigration Agent and the Protector arc to grant a pass rSecs. 38, 39), which is to be 'ielivered at the time ot em- barkation to the master of the ship. — Sec. 49. Emigrant Vessels. Emigrants are not to be received on board any vessel which is not jjrovided with the license of the Local Government, obtained llu-ough the Protector of Emigrants. — Sec. 40, 41. Every vessel must be surveyed and furnished with a certificate from the Protector that she is in all respects suitable for the carriage of emigrants. The master is also to execute a borid in tlie sum of 10,000 rupees to confonn to the Act. — Sec. 40. No certificate is to be grantea unless there be provided for the emigrants, either between decks or in cabins on the uppet deck, firmly secured and en- tirely covered in, a space not less than 5J feet in height, devoted to their exclusive use. No compart- ment 3hall take more than one adult emigrant for every 12 superficial foct on deck, and for every cubic space of 7a feet, nor more than one child between 2 and 10 years of age for every eight superficial feet on deck. A hospital is to be fitted. Women and children arc to occupy a compartment separate from the single men. Each person above the age of 10, or two children from 1 to 10 years of age, are to count as one adult. — Sec. 41. Good and wholesome provisions for the use of the emigrants must be shipped in jucii quantity and of such description and (juality ha may be nrescribed by the Governor-General in Council. Fuel nuist be taken, and water, at the rate of seven gallons per week for each emigrant, must be carried in tanks to be approved by the Protector. Every ship is to carry a «]|ualified European or native surgeon, to- gether with a prescribed supply of medicines and medical stores. Vessels fitted with an approved apparatus for distilling sea water are allowed a re- duction of one-third the quantity of fresh water requisite for the voyage. — Sec. 42. Emigrants to (ilaces west of the Cape of Good Hope must be furnished with a double blanket for use outside the tropics. — Sec. 43. Certificates from the Protector of Emigrants and Emigration Agent, that they have, in respect of the emigrants proceeding in any vessel, done all that is required to be done by them respectively, and that all the directions of the Act for ensuring the health, safety, and comfort of the emigrants, and the rules prescribed by the Governor-General, have been comp.ied with, must be obtained by the master be- fore the vessel can clear out. — Sec. 44. .Emigration Season. Emigrants may leave India for any place to which emigration is lawful east of the Caj»e of Good Hojjo at all times of the year ; and for any such place west of the Cape of Good Hope between the 31st day of July and the 1st day of March, unless they embark in vessels using steam power, in which case they may leave at any time of the year. In cases of emergency the Local Government may permit emi- grants for places west of the Cape to" leave in the month of Aiarch. — Sec. 46. Efiiliarhattoti, No emigrant i,^ to be embarked against his will, but an emigrant refusing or neglecting to embark without sufficient cause may be summarily punished by a police magistrate under sect. 492 of the Indian I'enal Code. — Sect. 45. The Protector of Emigrants is to prevent the em- barkation of any emigrant who is not in a fit state of health to undertake the voyage, and the hus- band, wife, father, mother, or child of such emigrant may refuse to embark. Every emigrant, when he embarks, is to have in his possession a copy of his registration. — Sec. 47. The provisions of the Act are to be explained to the emigrants so far as they are affected by it, — Sec. 48. The Emigration Agent is to furnish five copies of a list contain:!.^ the names, ages, and occupations, and the names of the fathers ot the emigrants about to embark, to the master, who is to examine and sign them, and to give two copies to the Protector, who is to sign them, and return one to the master, two copies to the Emigration Agent, who is to sign tliem, and return one to the master for delivery by him to the proper officer at the port of disembarkation. The Protector is to send a list of all emigrants cm- barked to the proper government authority at the place of destination. No emigrant is to be em- barked who has not a pass, i , is not mentioned in these lists. 'J'he pass is to be given up to the master on 68 PASSENGER ACT, INDIA. [1872. il embarkation, anrt to be returned by the master to the cmif^rant on arrival at the phice of destination. — Sees. 49,60, &51. Vessels from Calcutta are to depart within 24 hours of the embarkation of the embarkation of the passengers, and arc to be towed out to sea by a steamer. — Sees, 52 & 53. Two copies of the Act and of the rules made under the Act lire to be kept on board during the voyage. — Sec. 64. Mitcellaneotis. Tlie Governor-General in Council may make rules to be published in the Gazette of India ; i^egulating the proportion of women and children, and tile age above or below which children may not be taken ; Prescribing the description, quantity, and quality of provisions and water to be taken and the issue thereof; the n.iture and amount of clothing to be supplied to the emigrants ; fur their medical care in depot and at sea ; and the medicines to be shipped ; Providing for ventilation and cleanliness and for a proper number of boats ; For the keeping of a journal by the surgeon, and generally for the security, well being, and protection of the emigrants ; and. In case of emergency the local government may permit an emigrant vessel to leave although the proportion of women and children on board is not in accordance with such rules. — Sec. 56. The Governor-General in Council is empowered to suspend or prohibit emigration to any place to which it is allowed by law if he has reason to believe that infectious disease dangerous to human life has broken out, or that proper measures are not taken for the protection of the emigrants during their residence, or for their safe return to India, and to revoke such suspeniaon if he shall see fit. A similar pov cr is given to the Presidential Governors.— Sees. 57-)l. '1 le Governor-General may increase the fees autliorizcd to be taken by the Act, but by not more than double such amount. — Sec. 62. Special Provisions as to French Colonies, The French Government may nominate an emi- gration agent, to be approved of by Her fllak'sty, for each of the ports of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, who shall be authorized to recruit native labourers for any of the French colonies to which emigration is lawful.— Sees. 6.3 & 64. Such emigration agents must conform to all existing recruiting regulations, and arc to be entitled for themselves and tlicir sub-agents to all the faci' lities and advantages atforded to emigration agents for British colonies. The Protectors of Emigrants to British colonies are also to be I*rotectors of Emigrants to French colonies. — Sees. 6.5 & 66. All contracts of service are to be in accordance with the terms of the English and French convention of 1867, and, with two exceptions, are to be made in India, and are to be binding on the emigrants, — Sees. 67 & 68. The Governor General is empowered to extend the Act to other French colonies than those specified in it. — Sec. 69. Every eniigrant vessel to a French colony is to carry one European surgeon and an interpreter. — Sec. 70. Sees. 71 to 82 inclusit'e, specify the several penal- ties for breaches of the law. Lcmjth of Voyages. From Calcutta, — To Mauritius, Seychelles, and Re- union. — Between the months of April and October inclusive, 10 weeks, and between the months of November and March inclu- sive, eight weeks. To .Tamaii.'a, British Guiana, Trini- dad, St. Lucia, Grenada, St. Vin- . cent, S". Kitt's, Si. Croix, Mar- tinique, Ouadnloni)?, and its dependencies. — 20 weiks. To F'roneh Guiana. — 26 wt'.'ks. To Natal.— 12 weeks. From Madras. — To Mauritins; Seychelles, and Re- union. — Bet'veen the months of April and Octoberiiic!>!sive,seven weeks, and between the months of November and March inclu- sive, oix weeks. To Jamaic!!, British Guiana, Trini- d.id, St. Lucia, Grenada, St. Vin- cent, St. Kitt's, St. Croix, Mar- tini{|ue, Guadeloupe and its dependencies and French Guiana. — 19 weeks. To Natal.— 10 weeks. From Boinlmy. — To Mauritius, Seychelles, and Re- union. — Between the months of April and September inclusive, ' five weeks, and between the months of October and March inclusive, six weeks. To Jamaica, British Guiana, Trini- dad, St. Lucia, Grenada, St. Vin- cent, St. Kitt's, St. Croix, Mar- tinique, Guadeloupe and its dependencies, and French Guiana. — 19 weeks. To Natal. — 10 weeks. For vessels propelled either wholly or in part by steam, the local government may, by notification in the official gazette, fix the probable length of vovages. The third Schedule contains a reprint of the con- vention between the English and French Govern- ments, signed at Paris in July 1861, referred to in the 66th and 68th sections of the Act. ,tJ^v ^ 1872.] CHINESE PASSENGER ACTS, 69 Chinese Passengers Act and Hong Kon3 Ordinances. The carriage, &c. of passengers is regula'.ed by the following Imperial Act and Colonial Ordi lances. 13 ft 19 Vict. cap. 104 - Ordinnneo, No. 9ofl8M „ „ iiofisj; „ „ C of 1859 „ „ 12 of 1808 „ „ 4 of 1870 „ 8 of 1871 "Chinese Piwsenger's Aci, ''S/i.'i." DeHnlng Vo;age< of more tk^n aeren days 'luratlon, Licensing Emipation Passage Brokers. Chinese Passengers' Health Or- dinunce. Health and Protection of Emi- grants. HotiK Kong Emigration Ordi- nance. Modifying Hegulations !n Chinese Passengers' Act ol \i5.'>, ns to Toyages of not mora tlian 'M days duration. By the Imperial Act 18 Sc 19 Vict. cap. 104. called '•The Chinese Passenger Act," the Legislature of Hong Kong is empowered to make regulations re- specting "Chinese passenger ships," which are de- fined to be any ships sailing from Hong Kong, and British ships sailing from any ports in China, or within ICK) miles of the coast thereof, with more than 20 passengers on board being natives of Asia. Until the enactment of a local law (see Colonial Ordinances, noted above), the regulations prescribed in the schedule to the Act are to be in force. These regu- lations prohibit any Chinese passenger ship from proceeding on a voyage of more than seven days without a'certificateVrom an Emigration Officer in the form prescribed by the Act. This certificate is not to be given until seven days after notice to the Emigration Officer, that the ship is to carry pas- sengers, of her destination, and proposed day of sailing ; nor unless there are on board a surgeon and interpreter approved by the Emigration Otucer ; nor unless he is satisfied that the ship is seaworthy, properly manned, equipped, fitted, and ventilated, and has no objectionable cargo on board ; that there are at least 12 superficial and 72 cubic feet of space in the between decks for every adult on board (reckon- ing every passenger above 12, and every two passen- gers between 1 and 1 2 years, as an adult); that a space of five superficial feet per adult be left clear on the upper deck for the use of the passengers, and tliat sufficient provisions, fuel, and water, medicines and medical comforts, are shipped according to the scales given in the Act. The Governor of Hong Kong is to declare the lengths of voyages for the purposes of the Act. No Chinese passenger ship is to clear out on a voyage of more than seven days, without, in addition to the certificate of the emigration officer, the pre- scribed emigration papers, nor until the master, with two sureties, shall have given a bond to the Crown in the sum of 1,000/., under apenalty for any default in these requirements, of the seizure and forfeiture of the ship if a British vessel, or in the case of a foreign vessel if the ofl'ence is com- mitted within Her Majesty's dominions ; but a fine may be substituted by the Court in lieu of the forfeiture of the vessel. The Commanders of ships of war, Emigration or Custom House Officers, or British Consuls, may search any British vessel or vessels within British jurisdiction, with passengers on board, and if they are engaged on a voyage of more than seven days' duration, may require the pro- duction of the emigration papers, and examine any persons on boar:!. Persons obstructing these ofRcers in their duty are to be deemed guilty ofinisdemeanor. In exercise of the authority contained in the Imperial Act, 1855, an Ordinance, No. 6 of 1871, hai b?nn passed by the Legislature of Hong Kong to modify the regulations of the " Chinese Passengers Act, 1855," in respect of Chinese passenger snips ))roceediiig upon short voyages. The provisions of the Ordinance are restricted to (1) British vessels proceeding from and to certain places specified in a schedule to the Ordinance, the voyaf^es to which are declared to be within 30 days duration ; (2) to British ships proceeding from Hong Kong to or from any port in China or within 100 miles from the coast thereof, upon a voyage to any port to the eastward of the 90th degree of east longitude, declared to be a voyage not exceeding 30 days, bv any proclamation issued by the Governor of Hong Rong, under the 3rd section of the Imperial Act ; aiid (3) to ships of any nationality proceeding from Hong Kong upon any voyage comprised in the two first categories. The Ordinance regulates the number of passengers to be carried and the Nccom- modation to be provided for them, whether upon deck or in the 'tween decks — the ventilation, the provisions to be issued, and the examination of the passengers. It also authorizes the emigration officer (Section 8 of Schedule B.) to refuse his cer- tificate where passengers under contract of service are going to foreign ports. The Governor has accordingly, by a Proclamation dated 2d February 1866, declared the length of voyages to various parts of the world for s; .ling ships; and by another Proclamation, dated t)- j 19th September 1868, has declared the length o'' voyage for vessels propelled wholly or partially oy steam from Amoy to Manilla to be 8 days frr.n October to Marcli, both inclusive, and 12 days f.om April to September, both inclusive. By Ordinance No. 9, of 1856. — " Jhincse Passen- gers' Ships'' proceeding from Hoig Kong or from any Chinese port for the purposr of commencing at another port, a voyage of m/re than seven days duration, shall be deemed to ^ave cleared out at the first port from which slie sp^ed. Ordinance No. 11, o/185' provides for the licensing and regulating of Emigra icm Passage Brokers. No person is allowed to act a i a Passage Broker without having entered into a bo id and obtained a license, the fee for which is 200 dollars. The license must be renewed of the 31st December of each year, and may be forfeited for misconduct. Contract tickets for passages are to be given in a prescribed form, and Passage Brokers before receiving any -noney for passages are required to produce to the Emigra- tion Officer a certificate that they have chartered the ship in which the passage is to be taken for the carriage of emignints. Emigrant ships for the pvr- poses of this (.irdinance, are ships carrying inure than 20 passengers, natives of China, and clearing out for places not in the Chinese Empire. Ordinance No, 6, of 1859 provides for hos)[)ital acconitnodation on board Chinese passenger ships, POLYNESIAN KIDNAPPING ACT. [1872. I and for the medical inspection of the crews and passengers about to proceed in them. Ordinance No, I'A, of 1868 repeals Ordinance No. 6 of the previous year, and aeflnes the term " Chinese Passenger Ship " to include every ship carrying from the ports of Hong Kong, or its depen- dencies, more than 20 natives of iVsia as passengers on any voyage of more than seven days' duration. Depots to be approved by the Emigration Oflicer for the lodging of emigrants three days before embarkation, arc to be provided by the owners or charterers of the ship. Notice of the laying on of Chinese passenger ships is to be given to the Emigration Officer by the owner or charterer, and notice of every contract with emigrants is to be given to the Emigration Officer by the Emigration Passage Broker. Medical officers are to be appointed who arc to examine the passengers before and after embarka- tion. Emigrants must not embark or be received on. board ship without a permit signed by the Emi- gration Officer. Native medical practitioners approved by the Colonial Surgeon and Governor may take medical charge of Chinese passenger ships. The Queen's Orders in Council relative to water- distilling machines are to apply to Chinese pas- senger siiips. No ships, unless steamers, can sail for places west of the Cape between the months of May and Sep- tember. The Emigration Officer may land any emigrants who are unwilling to proceed, if he is satisfied thkt they have been obtained by fraud, violence, or other improper means, and procure for them a passage to their homes from the Emigration Passage Brokers, by whom they were shipped. Persons unlawfully obtaining emigrants by force or fraud, or detaining against their will men or boys with intent to put them on board Chinese passenger ships, or receiving, harbouring, or entering into contracts for foreign service with men or boys, knowing them to have been taken or obtained by force or fraud, are guilty of felony, and liable to penal servitude for not less than three years, nor more than seven, or to im- prisonment for not exceeding two years with or without hard labour. Ordinance No. 4, of 1870 prevents the clearing out of Chinese passenger ships on voyages of more than seven days' duration without a license from the Governor, which must be obtained before the master can receive the Emigration Officer's certifi- cate, which is required by the 4th section of the "Chinese Passengers' Act, 1855." The Governor's license must be applied for before any ship is laid on, or any depot opened for Chinese Chinese emigrants. The license is to be issued only in the discretion of the Governor, and is subject to a fee of 100 dollars, and to such conditions as may from time to time be prescribed by the Secretary of State. Power is reserved to remove captain and officrs of Chinese passenger ships for 'Mncom- " potency, misconduct, or for any other sufficient " 'jausc. The license is revocable if the particulars as to the destination of the ship, and otiier matters as to the voyage and emigration required to be given at the time of application for the license are found to be untrue, if the ship fail to clear out within the time prescribed in the license, — or if the master or other officer removed by the Governor is not duly replaced. Mail steamers or other vessels subject to the pro- visions of the " Chinese Passengers Act, 1855," may be exempted by thi! Government in Council from the provisions of this Ordinance, provided that the Chinese passengers in such vessels are free emi- grants, and under no contract of service whatever. One of the etifects of this Ordinance is to prevent emigration from Hong Kong under contracts of service to all places, except the British Colonies. Ordinance No. 8, of 1871, relieves Chinese pas- senger ships on voyages from Hong-Kong and certain Chinese Ports specified in the schedule declared to be not more than 30 days' duration, from the regulations in Schedule A. of the " Chinese Passengers' Act, 1855," from all| proclamations issued under the 3rd section of that Act, and from the Colonial Ordinances, No. 6 of 1859, and No. 4 of 1870, and subjects them to the regulations pre- scribed in Schedule B. of the Ordinance No. 8 of 1871. The application of the Ordinance is limited to (I.) " Chinese Passenger Ships " being British ships on certain voyages from Hong Kong, Swatow, Amoy, Ningpo, Shanghai, Foochow, and Formosa to 12 places specified in Schedule A., and declared by Section 4 to be not more than 30 days' duration ; (II.), to such sliips on voyages from Hong-Kong to any portin China, or within 100 miles of the coast to ports eastward of the 90 degrees of east longitude de- clared by proclamation under the third section of the Chinese Passengers Act, 1855, to be voyages of not more thanSO days' duration ; and, (III.) to Foreign or British ships proceeding from Hong Kong to any of the places referred to in the two preceding heads. The regulations in Schedule B. provide for the inspection of the ship, the accommodation and victualling of the passeiijgers, and for the examina- tion of their contracts ofservice, if any, &c., &c. Polynesian Kidnapping Act. The following is the substance of the " Kidnap- pingAct, 1872," for the protection of the Pacific Islanders now passing through Parliament. No British vessel is allowed to carry native la- bourers of the Pacific Islands, not being part of the crew of the vessel, unless the master has given a bond in the sum of 500/. in the form prescribed by the Act, and received a license, from the Governor of one of the Australasian colonies or from a British consular officer. Vessels carrying such natives without a license are liable to seizure, and the master, in addition to any other penalties imposed by the Act, is liable to a fine of 100/., to be sued for and enforced in any of the Australasian colonies. But vessels complying wth the provisions of colonial Acts relating to the introduction and treatment of Polynesian labourers are not liable to seizure. If any British subject decoys a native of the Pacific Islands, not being within Her Majesty's Dominions or the jurisdiction of any civilized power, for the •^r I 1872.] UNITED STATES PASSENGERS ACT. 71 purpose of importing or removing such native into any island or place, or for that purpose carries away, confines, or detains any such native without his con- sent, or ships, receives, or detains such native on board any vessel without his consent, or assists therein or contracts therefor, or fits out, mans, navigates, uses, employs, lets, or takes on freight or hire any vessel, or commands, or serves, or is on board any vessel with intent to commit, or that any- one else should commit any of the above offences, or ships, lades, or receives any vessel, money, goods, or other articles with the intent or knowledge that they will be employed in the commission of any such offences, he shall be deemed guilty of felony, and shall be liable to be tried and punished in any supreme court of justice in the Australasian colonies, and on conviction shall be liable to the highest punishment other than capital punishment, or to any less punishment awarded to felony by the law of the colony in which he shall be tried. Any person who aids and abets the commission of any of these offences is liable to be tried as a principaL Any British vessel suspected of being employed in the commission of any of the above offences may be detained and seized, and brought to a^udication by any officer of customs, naval or military ofiicer on full pay, or by any British consular officer of any island not within the jurisdiction of any civilized power. Abstract or the United States Passenqer Act OF 1855. Sect. 1. — Tonnage Check, Cmnputatton' of Chil- dren, — No greater number of passengers is to be carried than 1 to 2 tons. In the computation of passengers, infants under 1 year old arc to be excluded, and two children between 1 and 8 years are to count as one passenger. Space Chech, — Where the height between decks is not less than 7^ feet, 14 superficial feet are to be allowed to each passenger ; where less than 7i feet, but not less than 6 feet, 16 superficial feet are to be allowed to each passenger on the main and poop decks, and in deck houses, and 18 superficial feet on the lower deck, not being an orlop deck. Space to Passengers on different becks. — No passen- gers are to be carried on a deck less than 6 feet high. Any master carrying more passengers than here allowed will be guilty of a misdemeanor, and be liable to a fine of 50 dollars and six months' imprisonment for each passenger in excess. Hospitals. — A hospital is to be provided, not ex- ceeding 100 superficial feet, and to be included in the computation of the space for passengers. Sect. 2. Serths.—So vessel is to have more than 2 tiers of berths. The berths are to be 6 feet long and 2 feet wide : the bo ttom berth is to be not less than 9 inches from the deck; each berth is to be occupied by a single passenger, but double berths may be constructed to be occupied hy two women, or by husband and wife, or by a woman and twochil- dren'under 8 years, or by a man and two of his own children under 8 years, or by two men, members of 20 lbs. good navy bread, 15 „ rice. 15 „ oatmeal. 10 „ wheat flour, 15 „ peas or beans, the same family. For violation of this section the master and owners severally are to forfeit 5 dollars for each passenger on board. Sect. 3. Bo free of 10 „ „ beef ) bone, 1 pint vinegar, 60 gallons water. Substitutions. — But increased quantities of broad or potatoes may be substituted for rice, oatmual, wheat flour, and peas or beans, where these cannot be procured, and vice versa. Weekly Issues. — One tenth of the above provisions is to be issued to each passenger weekly, and 3 quarts of water daily. Provisions to be cooked, — The master is to cause the provisions to be cooked, and issued at fixed hours to messes or otherwise. Fine for short Issues, — If passengers are, at any time, put on short allowance, they shall be entitled to recover 3 dollars a day for the period of such short allowance; and if the master shall fail to furnish such provisions in a cooked state, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and be liable to a fine of 1,000 dollars, and one year's imprisonment. Sect. 7. Discipline. Privies, — The muster is to esta- blish and post up regulations for discipline and clean- liness, and to provide a safe and convenient privy for every 100 passengers ; and when the beds cannot be brought on deck, to cause the decks to be cleansed with chloride of lime, or some other disinfecting agent. Penalty on master and owners, 50 dollars. Sect. 8. Penalties for breaches in Sections 3, 4, 5, and 7 (already given in each of those sections). Sect. 9. Collectors of Customs to appoint in- spectors to report on vessels arriving or departing. Sect. 10. Act to apply to steerage passengers by steam vessels. Sect.ll. Vessels to and from the Pacific to be subject to the /^ct, except as relates to provisions, but to fur- nish a sufficient supply of good and wholesome food, properly cooked, under the same penaltiesas in Soct.6. Sect. 12. List of Passengers. — Master to deliver manifest of his passengers, showing whether any, and who, have died on the passage, subject to the i$t NOTICES.— CANADIAN DOMINION. [1872. 8amc penalties as arc provided for default in the case of manifests qf cargo. Suet. 13. Manifest. — Manifests to be transmitted qiiarterlv to the Secretary of State, by whom the state- ments of their contents are to be laid before Congress. Sect. 14. Paymtntt for Death*. — The master to pay to the Collector of Customs 10 dollars for the death, by natural dJNeasu, of every passenger above 8 years old (other than cabin passengers) occurring on board his ship, to be applied as the .Secretary to the Treasury shall direct to any lioard established for the care and protection of emigrants generally. Sect. 15. Penalties, &c., to be liens on the vessel. Sect. IG. Act to apply to vessels currying coloured emigrants to coast of Africa. Sect. 17. Collectors of Customs to examine emi- frant ships on arrival, and report to Secretary to the reasury. Sect. 18. Act to take eifcct for vessels sailing from United States in 30 days, for vessels sailing from Europe in 60 days, for other vessels in 6 months from approval. Sect. 19. Previous lavtrs repealed. Offences at Sea Punishable in the Colonies. Formerly offences at sea might, under the Act 11 & 12 Will. 3rd, cap. 7, be tried in any colony, and were to be dealt with according to the Civil Law, and the method and rules of the Admiralty, and subsequently (under the 46 Geo. 3rd, cap. 54), accor«ling to the common course of the laws of this realm, applicable to like offences committed on lanO. But now by the 12 & 13 Vict. cap. 96 (1849), these offences, when dealt with in a colony, are to be tried according to the law of the colony, but punished according to the law of England. The Act of Victoria which was passed in August 1849 for the prosecution and trial in the colonies of offences committed within the jurisdiction of the Admiralty, provides that nil persons charged in any colony with piracy, felony, murder, " or other "offence of what nature or kind soever," com- mitted on the sea, or within the Admiral's jurisdic- tion, may be brought to trial in the same manner, according to the laws of the colony, as if the offence had been committed on waters within the local juris- diction of the criminal courts of the colony, and upon conviction shall suffer the same punishments as they would have been liable to had the offence been committed, tried, and adjudged in England. Where death ensues in a colony from an injury inflicted at sea, the offence, whether murder, man- slaughter, or accessory before or after the fact, may be dealt with in the colony as if it had been wholly committed there ; but in the converse case, of the death ensuing at sea from an iniury inflicted in the colony, the offence shall be held lo have been wholly committed upon the sea. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Courts of New South Wales and Tasmania, as established by 9 Ueo. 4. cap. 83. is left intact. NOTICES. Canadian Dominion. The following is chiefly taken from a Notice pub- lished by the Goveknment of the Dominion of Canada, for the information of intending Emi« GRANTS. Detailed information respecting the disposal of the Public Lands, Wages, Priccb of Food and Clothing, Climate, &c. will be found elsewhere in this circular. Position and Extent of the Dominion. The Dominion of Canada comprises a vast territory of about 3,528,705 square miles. It occupies half of the continent of North America. From east to west it stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans; and its extreme southern point reaches a little below the 42nd parallel of latitude. Its rivers and lakes form one of the chief physical features of the continent. Its rivers are among the largest and most remarkable in the world ; and its freshwater lakes are the largest and most remarkable in the world. It possesses many thousands of square miles of the finest and richest forests of the continent; and many thousands of square miles of fertile prairie lands. It possesses the largest extent of land yet open for settlement, adapted to the growth ol grass and cereals, and other productions of the temperate climates, not only of the continent, but in the world. It has fisheries of enormous extent, the richest of the continent, both on its Atlantic and Pacific coasts. It has also coal fields of immense extent in the provinces on both its coasts ; and it is believed that the largest coal deposit of the world lies under the surface of its rich and immense tracts of prairie lands, east of the rocky mountains. It has gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, and other mines of great richness ; and almost every descrip- tion of the most valuable building materials ; also petroleum, salt, peat, &c. The immense rivers and lakes of the Dominion furnish unequalled facilities of water communica- tion. The sailing circle, from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to Europe gives much the shortest distance across the Atlantic. The line across the continent to the Pacific is much the shortest for a railway ; the conditions for its construction are the most favourable ; and the passes through the Rocky Mountains are the easiest. 3,000 miles of railway are already in operation within the Dominion, 1,100 more miles are in pro- cess of construction ; and many more are projected ; besides the Pacific Railway, which is to be built immediately. It has great variety of climates, from the Arctic to that of almost the most southern of the tempe- rate zones, modified by the influence of the great Iqjces. 1872.] NOTICES.— CANADIAN DOMINION. 73 The climates of the settled portions of the domi- nion and of the lands open for settlement are among the most pleasant and healthy in the world, and are favourable to the highest development of human energy. DivisiuK INTO Provinces, The Dominion, as at present constituted, is com- posed of six provinces, namely. Nova Scotia, New jBrunswick, Quebec, Ontario, ^Manitoba, and British Columbia ; together with the vast unorganized North- west Territory. Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia is the most eastern province. It is a peninsula ; and has an area of about 10,000,000 of acres superficies, more than half of which is com- posed of good arable land. The other half abounds in coal, gold, and other mines. The waters around its shores are rich with the best descriptions of fish. Halifax is its chief city (population 29,582), and has one of the finest harbours in the world. The inhabitants engage in agriculture, mining, com- merce, and fishing. The climate is favourable to health, and the agricultural productions of the temperate zones. New Bhunswick. Proceeding west. New Brunswick is the next of the Dominion provinces. It has a superficies of about 18,000,000 acres of land, of which about 9,762,363 are yet open for settlement. The soil for the most part is very rich. According to the elabo- late work of Professor Johnson, it is one of the most favoured spots for agriculture in America. The climate is pleasant and favourable to health and agricultural productions. This province has im- mense forests, which supply a large lumbering in- dustry. It has extensive shipping interests, and does a large foreign trade. The fisheries are very valuable and the province is rich in minerals. St. John is the principal city, population 28,988. The intro- duction of railways has given a marked impetus to production and trade. Quebec. The Province of Quebec has an area of about 134,402,800 acres of land, and the soil of a very large poition of this immense tract is exceedingly fertile and capable of high cultivation. The cereals, grass, root crops, and the fruits of the temperate zones grow in abundance, and to perfection, Indian corn IS a large crop, and always fully ripens. Tomatoes grow in profusion, and always fully ripen. The climate is warm in summer and cold in winter. The inconvenience of the cold and snow of this province has been greatly exaggerated. Tiie snow makes good roads and a warm covering for the earth ; and the clear dry bracing cold is far more pleasant, and does not produce so disagreeable a sensation as the damp cold of the United Kingdom. Quebec has vast tracts of forest and a very large lumber trade. It is rich in minerals of almost every kind except coal ; but it has peat. Its fisheries are varied and valuable. In the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence there is an extent of coast of 1,000 miles, where the cod, herring, mackerel, salmon, and other fisheries are carried on successfully. Whale fishing is also carried on by vessels fitted out from the port of Gasp& The average season value of whale oil has been about 27,000 dollars. The cod fishing is carried on along the whole shore of Canada; the herring fishing principally at the Magdalen Islands, in the Bay of Chaleurs, and on the coast of Labrador ; the macke- rel fishing at the Magdalen Islands, along the coast of Gaspe, and in the lower part of the River St Lawrence. There are about 70 salmon fishery rivers in the Province of Quebec, which the Govern- ment are now fostering, with a view to enhance the commerce in this valuable fish. The river St, Lawrence running through the Pro- vince at the head of ocean navigation, gives it a commereiiil position of commanding importance. The city of Quebec is the political capital, popula- tion 59,609 ; and Montreal is the commercial capital of the Dominion, population 107,226. Ontario. The next province proceeding west is Ontario. Its area is about 80,000,000 acres. It is the most populous and wealthy in the Dominion. Its south- western portions have a milder climate than Quebec or the Maritime Provinces ; and its soil is of the very highest fertility. Its growth in wealth from the products of agriculture has been very rapid, Tne number of acres surveyed is 25,ii91,480; and I the number already granted and sold 21,879,048. ! More particular reference to the land system is made j elsewhere in this publication ; but it may be stated here that the Government expends about 41/. sterling in clearing a few acres, and building a one-story house, on each of a number of free grant farms, to en- able the settler to begin. The money thus advanced, the settler must repay ; but he gets the land free. Ontario has large forests yet uncleared, and large lumber interests. She is very rich in mineral wealth, of almost every kind (except coal) which is capable of immense development. Petroleum is got in immense and apparently inexhaustible (juantities. Salt is also found in large quantities. And some of the silver and copper mines which have been found are very rich. Toronto is the chief and ca]>ital city. Its population is 56,092, But there are other large cities: Ottawa, the seat of Government of the Duininion, has a population of 21,545 ; Kingston, 12,407; Hamilton, 26,716; and London, 15,826, Manitoba. Proceeding still further west, to the newly acquired North-west Territory, we come to the recently created Province of Manitoba, By an Act 33 Vict, cap. 8, passed on the 12th of May 1870, by the Dominion Parliament, Manitoba was formed out of Ruperts Land and the North- western territory into a Province of Canada. The union took place on the 15th of July 1870 under the provisions of that Act, and of an Order in Council, dated 23rd June 1870, issued under the authority of the 146th section of the Imperial Statute, 30 Vict. cap. 3, called " The British North msm rm T4f NOTICES.— CANADIAN DOMINION. [1872. American Act, 1867." The provisions of this statute, so far as they mav be applicable, are by the Co- lunial Act extended to the Province. Munitol>a is liounded on the east by the 96°, and on the west by the 99" of W. longitude, on the south by the 49^, and on the north by the 63° of N. lati- tude. The area of the province is estimated at about 9,000,000 acres. The town of Winnipeg is the seat of the provincial government. The white population, according to the census of 1870, is 11,953. Manitoba is at present, and until the population reaches 50,000, represented in the Senate of Canada by two members, and in the House of Commons of Canasei)uent pages. Agricultural anil other Lahnurtm. — ,\ carel'ii ave- rage of the reports of the Dominion Agents .shows that the wages paid for labourers are from \i\l, to .'(0/. sterling a year, with board ; and from 60/. to tio/. sterling a year are paid without board. Hut the most connnon mode of engagement is with board. SItilled farm handsget from Mn. to-to/. sterling aycar, with board. In some cases higher rates are paid. Common labourers get from •(«. to 5«. sterling a day ; and in many cases where there is u special demand on railway and other public works, or for other reasons, higher wages are paid. Mechanics and Skilled Artinnns. — The wages vary according to circumstances,— from 5s. (>(/. and (in. l\il, sterling to 10s. and 12«. (k/. sterling per day. In some cases, in special circumstances, higher wages than these quotations have been j)aid. Female Servants. — Tlie wages vary from I (is. ster- ling to 2l. sterling per month, v>ith board. There are cases in which higher wages ;irc paid, according to capacity find demand. Hut the prices quoted are the range of the average prices paid. Very common prices arc from 1/. 4.1. to 11. \'.is. sterling pt r month. J]ot/i — In situations get from l(i#. to 40«. u month, with board, according to age and capacity. Food and Living. Price of Food. — The following are average prices, all quoted in sterling : — 4 lb. loaf of white bread, !>d. to 6d. ; salt butter, 6\d. to 6d. per lb. ; meat, ,'lj^(i., 5d., to (id. per lb. ; cheese, ^d. to l^d. j)er lb. ; potatoes. Is. to iis. per bushel ; sugar (brown, but dry and superior (ptality), 4i(/. to 5d. per lb. ; tea, '2s. to 2x. (id. per lb. ; eggs, Od. to 9d. per dozen ; milk, per quart, 2)id. to lid.; beer. 2d. to 5d. per quart ; tobacco, Is. to '2s. per lb. ; and other articles in i)roportion. Clothinp. — On the whole, clothing is dearer hero than in England, to the extent of the cost of impor- tation. But good clothing, suitable for the country, rnay be bought on reasonable terms. The immigrant will -io well to bring a good outfit with him. .Board and Lodging, of good kind, with meat at every meal, may be obtained from I2a. to 12s. Gd. per weeK. Inducements to Emigrate, The inducements to emigrate to Canada are not simply good wages and cheap living, among kindred people, to a naturally rich country, possessing a pleasant and healthy climate ; but the confident prospect which the poorest may have of becoming a possessor of the soil, earning a comparative compe- tencd for himself and comfortably settling his chil- dren. Many rich and independent farmers all over tho Dominion were poor immigrant kbourers with- out any means whatever a few years ago. Classes who should Emigrate. In the fir.it place, nobody should go to Canada who thinks it is a country where men can get on rt NOTICES.— CANADIAN DOMINION ; FALKLANDS. [1872. .n wilhdut work, iiiiIcm Ihi-y hMvc iridqx'iKifnt mcnnt lu Iivfoii, in which cam- thfv can live chi^sply and t>(liicri>«i>ti-f». 'Ihi- ( uiidition of Mtccets iti Canada it hard work ; an i'anada should Ik- ttoiit-hi-iirlcd and iirrimrc'i fiii (liiin|i|iointincntH. lie will tind many Ihin-;.. new and mriitiKe; and if an nrti.snn, he ■hiMild Ik- reiidv to take any cniploynieiit if hv doe<» nut iiiinu'tet acciiitonuil to the country, and thrn .le could not he irxluced to leave it. .Men who have innde money in Canada cun never be in- duced to go hack to the Old Country. This fact has paused into n proverh. The kind.'t ol° ininii^ranti wanted in Canada arc : — iHt. Ldixiurtm of all kiiids, and especially of^Ticul- turnl. Too many of theKc cannot come. 'Jiid, Me- cliiuiiiH and Arlimins accustomed to common trades. .Srd, Jhimrttic SiJcuiiLs, pariicularly feir.alusi. 4th, Jidi/f ^lul (lirlc over l.'j years will j^tt ready employ- ment, .'Jtli, 'J\iuiht t'liriiDrs have especial facilities. They can j^et a j,((»od farm for the price of rent in Kngialid. And (itli, I'erximx with (lEi/M'/yi/sufTicient to to live on the interest of their money. I'rofvKfiiontd Men uml Clerki should not emigrate to Canada unless to take places already engaged. A huge number of works will he going on in the Dominion during luxt summer, and for .some years to come, causing an umistial demand for common labourers, masons, bricklayers, Sec, at g(H)d wages. Care of Immiorants, Agentu in Dominion. Every attention is paid to immigrants on their nrrivarin Canada, by Ciovernment agents stationed at nil the important points, to furnish thcni with information imd to assist them to obi'ain work. There are large and commodious stations where they can wash and rest at (Juebec, Jlontreal, Kingston, and Toronto ; and others will be provided as need re(piires. The agents in the nominioii are — E. Clay, Unlifuj; N. S. ; K. Shives, St. John, N.B. ; W. Wil- kinson, ( hatham, Mintmirhi, N.B. ; L. Stafford, Qiifhtc; 3. i.DwWy, Montreal; W. J. Willi.s, Ottawa; H. Mac\)her.«oii, Kiiiystou; J. A. Donaldson, 7'(iron'" the year IS .TO days, the time rerpiired for the passage from the I'alklands to Rio (about three weeks) may be considered as saved. Capt. ]\laxwcll states that in the voyage direct from the I'alklands, a ship proceeuing to the north- ward is enabled to cross the southern trojiic about the meridian of 2'> degrees west, with the full advantage of the S.E. triides; whereas, in sailing from Rio, a vessel is 2<) degrees to the westward, on the same |)arallel, and is often com|)elled to proceed (i or 8 degrees to the south, before making sufficient easting to weather the Brazil coast. The Falklands furnish a cheap .-ind abundant supply of c.ittle, which can be obtained at Port Stanley. The following is an extract of a letter to the (lovernor from Rear Admiral Hastings. "Having called at the Falkland Islands in Her Majesty's Ship ' Zealous ' on my way to the Pacific, it affords me great jileasure to infonn your Excellency that " .Messrs. supplied this ship with 408 tons of good coal in less than 16 working hours, ;uid that I have found every facility at Port Stanley in obtaining all supplies and provisions. I con- sider that any shi]) bound to the Pacific would find it advantageous to call at the Falkland Islands to obtain any supplies which niny be required." 'i'he following is taken from a despatch of the .'ird .July 1867 : " Euro])ean vegetables thrive exceed- ingly well. The Falkland Islands Improvement Society (a society recently formed for the encour- agement of market gardening) held its first- meeting in S\)t\\ last. I never saw, in any jiart of the world, liner jiotatoes, turnips, cauliflowers, hv., than were then exhibited. Every house in Staiilev has its plot of garden ground attached, and, owing to the number of vessels that call here during the year, the cottagers find a ready and profitable sale for their surplus produce. Rabbitsabound in various parts of the Islands, and wild geese and waterfowl are everywhere plentiful. The harbours swanti with excellent fish, and trou^ are found in the rivers of the interior. With high wages and food in abundance, the settlers, it is almost supertluoiis to say, arc lirosperous iind contented. Poverty ■ :(i dislioss are unknown, sickness rarely visits i'.> Coiony, the '..« IH72.] NOTICES,— QUEENSLANP ; SOt^II AFRICA. 79 p«ople Mv loyal, the lawi are reipertrd, and Imr- inony nnd kcrmI fet'ling prevail aiiiongtt all cImmi of auciuty. ' QcKEMAI.ANn. Queensland compriwHi the entiri- nnrth-ea.<(eni iMirtiuii of the Au!>!ralian contini-nt. On (he MMh l)eccnilHT 1H,')H it was fonnallv pnuliiiincd -Hirate culiiny under Letter* Patent frtim the t'ntw n, ilated tith June, IHA','. It extends from I'oint Dan^jer in south latitude '^H» M' to C«|>e York, the north-eastern extremity of Australia, and from the PaciHe to the l.'lHth meridian «)f lonjjitude in the Oiilf of Carpen- taria; an area of about 078,000 sipiare miles, nu)re than five times larger than that of the I'nited Kinjjdom, and three times larj?cr than that of I'ranre. The colony jMissexses numerous harbours, of » hieli Moreton Hay is the principal. Anchorage mav be found in almost any part of it, under shelter ot'the numerous shoals. It is about 40 miles long nortii and south by n miles wide, and receives the waters of five navigable rivers, viz. : the Arrowsmith, the Logan, the Hrisbane, the I'ine, and the C'abulture. Most of these rivers have, however, a bar entrance. Besides Moreton Day, there are Keppel Hay, Hervey's Bay, Port Curtis, Fort Bowen, Port I>enison, (Cleveland Bay, KiH'kingham Hay, Port Albany (near Cape York), and several other smaller harbours on the eastern sea-board of Queensland. The principal harbour at the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria is at investigator Road. There are already settlements at or near all the above-named |>ort.s. The upland plains and downs of the interior aflbrd excellent ciiUk- and sheep jjasturage thnmgh- out the year. i he agricultural capabilities of Queensland are also great. Wheat, maize, and other -wereals, ]K)tatocs, cotton, the sugar cane, tobacco, indigo, coffte, rice, and almost all the English and Iropical fruits are successfully culti- vated in suitable situations. In the uplands beyond the mountain range the wheat is of th'; finest (|uality, sometimes weighing above 60 lbs. to the bushel, and yielding about 20 bushels to the acre. The average yield of maize is 40 bushels, and of potatoes about three tons to the acre. Ea.st of the main range of mountains the climate and soil are rep«5rled to be peculiarly adapted to the growth of the finest kinds of cotton ; and owing to the absence of frosts the plant is perennial, and nut an annual, as it is in America. It is estimated that some millions of acres are well suited to the produc- tion of cotton. To encourage immigration land warrants for the selection of 40 acres of land are issued to each adult emigrant direct from Europe who may pay his own passage, or the passageof any member of his family. A.land order for the selection of i!0 acres of land is granted on .iccount of a child between 1 and 12 years old. Besides its agricultural and pastoral res^iurces the colony is stattrd to posses.s much mineral wealth. Gold has been found in several localities, also copper and tin in a very pure stale, dml of good quality is abundant, and is accompanied us usual with iron ores. Pn»vi«ion ho* aliio bten made hy tit« Leiri*latnrp I fur prousoling etIucAlion by ujeflu* of pnnuiry ami | grammKr ^ehooliL, and in th" lonn* amptv tueann cxiit fur public worihip for all dt-mnninatiun*. Information res|Mvting the climate, mode of di>- provisional (ioscrMnient, the mainteii.ince of order, the administration ;if justice, and the collection of revenue, in the Diamond Fields. (1.) Skt» forth (conditionally on the Parliament of the Cape con- senting). Iler .Mi^esty's Ojtsent that tha territory of Griquulaiid west shall become part of the (.'apt; colony, and provides for its goxernmeiu and defence. i'he territory is botinded on the south by the Orange river, Irom the puini nearest tu Khei.<>; on the west to the point nearest to Ham.'ih ; on the east, thence in a northerly direction to David's (iruve, near the junction of the Modder and Hiet rivers, thence in a straight line in a northerly direction tu the summit of the Platberg, from thence along the line or lines determined bv the award of (jovernor Keate, to the northerly point of Langeberg, that is to suy, from the summit of the Platberg in a straight line m a north-westerly direction, alo ig the north- east of Hoeloirs Fontcin, cutting the Vaal and Harts rivers to a point north of lioelsap, thence in a straight line in a westerly direction, running between Nelson's Fontein and Kuning, thence passing along south ofMarenane and nortli of Klip Fontein in a south-westerly direction, in a straight line to the northerlypointuf Langeberg, and thence in a straight line in a southerly direction to Kheis and thcucc lo the nearest point on the Orange river. (II.) The laws and usuages of the Cape Colony are to be deemeil the laws of tlie territory, especially the laws relating to !iiagislrates' court), the liquji laws, and all laws iinposing stamp and license duties, fees, &c. ^III.) The territory is divided into three districts, Klipdrift, Pniel, and Griquatnwn, and a court of resident magistrates is estahlislicl in each. (IV.) A high court, under presidence ofa reconlcr, is erected temporiirily for (^ri(|ualand west, with power to determine all causeti, whether civil, criminal, or mi\cd, with a right to suitors of appeal to the High Commissioner or to Her Majesty in Council. V. The fifth proclamation provides for regulat- ing digging operations at the Diamond Fields, laying out and regisfcring of claims, settlement of"^ disputes, payment of license duea, and for con- flrming local rules already made by the diggers, until amended by competent authority. An inspector i" ap|>ointed m every proclaimed diamond field, whose duty it i> to kee> a register of claims, and to receive the license money, royalty ; or 80 NOTICES.— SOTTII AFRTPA : flONG KONG. 1^1872. I ! ti rent ; to dcU'rmInc ntl (IUput<>* u to clatm* and to rc|^i«ti-r trnn»riTi - ai3 River Via Olivier Ho«»k, From Pieter .Mnritzburp to F-stcourt - ,, F'.stconrt to Little inpcia „ I.itlle IiiLcela to top of Drakensherg top of Draken»berj{ to road to Uarrismith - thence to Bethlehem - vunction of ^filfl•. f)i! i!.S 4i! 7 39 n.3 From Hnrrismith to Pniel, where is the seat of the Ileoident .tiagistrate'.s ( ourt for that di.strict, appears to be about 31 H miles. From Pieter Maritzhurjrh to ^looi River „ .Mooi River to t'olenso . - . ,, Colenso to S.'tiidspriiit (Dodd's Old Tent Hotel) ,, Sandspruit to Uarrismith - . . „ liarri.smith to Wiiibur-; - . . ,, VMnburg to Pnicl . . . . Miles. 40 40 .30. 30 210 108 4ti4 The distance from Durban to the Tatin Gold Fields at Manch's .Station between 'Ji;'' and a't^ S. latitude is estimated at from 70<) to liV.i ni'lcs. The distances to the {{old fields in the neighbourhood of I.eydenburg, Transvaal ("ouiitry, have rot been ascertained. The lime occupied by these journeyr would de- l»en(l on the sea.son of the year ; hut whenever they are made they must occupy a considerable time, and be attended with considerable expense. .No ollici.'il information bus reached the ("(mimi.s- r.iiniers of the yield of diamonds at the diamond, fields, of the gold raised in the Tatin gold ^■LI.•!«. or of the cost of liviiig, or average earnings of the people ci'iployed at eithc!- )>luce. IIONC KONO. The total area of the Colony is estimated at 18,7i:0 acres ; of this quantity 774 acres only hail been alienated on lease, up to the beginning of the year 1871 ; but the larger portion of the Island is of such a rocky and barren nature as to be of little worth except for building sites. In the neighbourhood of Victoria and in the out villages, .\bcrdeen, Stanley, Sowkuvan, .Sywan, ike. there are small patches of land cultivated as paddy and vegetable grounds. 1871] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— CAN \I>A. 81 mtrOSAT. OF vkASTK UVKDS IN TUB Thi- oonirol of the Homo (iovcrnnunt ovir thr inann;;i'iii«'nt of thi' Crown Imulu hM bt-fH givrii up in all ihf land jjraiit'ii^ ( «>lonif» except Hriii'ih Coliinibin, WtstiTii Australia, and Natal. It wa> siirffiirttTi'd in t'anada l>) u Provincial Aci pass.il in 1M41, vi'sling tlu- niaiiancinoiil in the (iovornor luid Council ; in New Kniiiswiek and Nova Scoti.* by local Alts previous to IS'.S (see Hevised Statines of New Uninswick, eaj). f). |). '12, and of Nova Scotia, cap. 2ed i)rices. In order to facilitate transfers and to j)revent frauds, a system of registration of all transactions connected with land has becM established in all the colonics. In the following pt^es will be found a more detailed statement of the modes of disposing of the waste lands of the Crown in the various colonies. Canada, The Dominion of Canada has no control over the Crown Lands in the Provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotta, and New IJrungwick, but it has in its possession the lands of Manitoba, the Nortli-West Territory, and a large tract in British Columbi.u The price of*^ good farming land ranges from iJO cents (2s, id, sterling) to 1^ dollars ((j8.3rf. sterling) pcracre. The di«)M>iuil of the public land* in thi> pn>vinr<>« of Quebec and t Intnrio it rognlnied by (he Citnnda Aci, 'i-.\ Vict. cap. 2, INtKi, HDit by the ( >nlnrio .\ct», 31 Vict. c«p. H. and .'Jil \ ict. c«p. i.H). 1 he ln»l C«o .Act* are to secure to actual > undentoo lo > intinue open for Private Sale at the said upset iirice ii 'til the uerioil of one week next before the titm at whion the next public sale shall take ]>lace. 3. Selllemenl Duties. — All lands (except those now exempt) shall be subject to Settlement Duties, and no Patent in any case (even though the I.'iikI be paid for in full at the time of ]iiirchase) shall issue for any such land to any person who shall not by himself, or the jjerson or persons under whom he claims, have taken ixissession of such land within six months front the time of .sale, and shall from that time continuously have been a lumn fule occu- pant of and resident on the land for at least two years, and have cleared and rendered fit for cultiva- tion and crop, and had under croj) within four years at farthest from the time of .sale of the land, a quantity thereof in the proportion of at least ten acres to every one hundred acres, and have ertct<:d thereon a house habitable and of the diinctisiuns at least of sixteen by twenty firet, 4. Auction. — All other lands not embriecd in the foregoing calegory arc lobe exposed to sale by public auction annimlly. or ';i the discretion of the C-mi- niissioner of Crowi\ lands half yearly, for cash, at such times and places and at such upset prices a.-, the Cominisdoner of Crown 'onds shall lix. 5. Clcrr/u Met'Tves. — The iaiuls known as "Clergy Heserves '' .atv to be sold on the same terms and in llu- 82 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS—ONTAIUO. [IH72. I Mine innnnn n» other publir landn in the Untnuhip^ in whii'li th»'y respectively lie, h. /'unrtwiU I'uymtnt, — IVompt payment is to h« the fMiMice of the contract, nnci any delaiilt will entail rorfeitiire of all prcvioua payments and of all right id the latxU. Itmlrirlion iif f'riei'$ to Ontario. — The price* above Hived apply to Tjiimt Canada onlv. The pnees ol lands in the rrt)vince of (Quebec are regulated by Orders in (J««/«.— The Acti of 1H68 and lH6i> {Hissed bv the lA'f^islatnrc of Ontario are intended to liecure h'ret' (irttntt and Homesteads to actual settlers on (jublic land The I/eut. (iuvernor in ('ouncil is empowered to make free grants not exceeding mK) acres to actual settlers of tlie age of IH or upwards, within the districts of Algoma and Nepissing, and within a district lying between the (Jttawa River and licorgian Hay, called the Muskoka district. But no title deed is to be issued until the ex])i- ratiun of 5 years from the date of the location, nor tinless the settler shall have cleared and have under cultivation at le&st 15 acres of land, two acres uf which at least are to be cleared and cul- tivated annually, and shall have built n habitable houHc ul least Ui feet by 'A), aivl buvc contiiniuusly rends a, sum of 200 dollars in clearing a few acres, and building a one storey house. Inis expenditure the settler is expected to repay, but begets the land free. ' Provjnck of Ontario. Lands open for location as free grants under "The Free Gratits and Homestead Act of 1868," with the Names and Post Office Address of the Crown Land Agents, and the number of acres at their disposal. Agency of John Howker, Hnice Mines, P.O., St. .Tosepl.'s Island - „ J. 1). Beatty, Parry .Sound, P.O., townships of McDougall, Foley, ' ' Christie, McKellar, Fergusson, ilagerman . - _ Humphry, Cardvi-ell, C. W. I^ounf. Bracebridge, P.O., townships oi' Muskoka, Draper, Mcdura, Monck, Macaulay, McLean. .Stephenson, Brunei, Watt, Stisted, Chafl'ey Acres. 60,(XX) 100,000 150,000 „ Joseph (Jroham, Bobceygeon, P.O., townships of An.son, Hindon, Mindcn, Stanhope, Snowdoti, Glamorgan .-.---._- !rr>,0(V) „ D. Anderson Apsley, P.t)., townships of CartlilT, Chandos, Monmouth, Anstruther - 60,000 „ John R. T.iif, L'Amable, P.O. townships of Duiigannon, Carlow, Monte»igle, Hersche'i, Wlcklow, Mayo --.----..- 90,000 „ E. Playfair, Qemley, P.O., townships of Palmcrston, Clarendon, Miller, Denbigh, Abinacr- ----.-.-.. 60,000 „ James Reeves, Eganville, P.O., townships of Grattan, Wiiberforce, South Algona, Hagarty, Richards, Sherwood - .-.--- 80,000 „ A. Kennedy, Pembroke, P.O., townships of Alice, Fraser, Petewawa, McKay, Buchanan, Wylie, Rolph, Head ....... 120,000 The followiiig lands are sold at the rate of 50 cents (or 2». Irf.) per acre, cash, or 60 cents (or 2». 6d.) per acre, payable one third ut the time of sale, and the balance in two equal annual instalments, with interest, subject to .settlement duti''s. Acres. Agency of J. McKibbin, Lindsay, P.O., townships of Dalton and Digby _ - - . 40,000 ^ W. Halpenny, Renfrew, P.O., townships of McNab, Bagot, Blythfield, Matarwatchan, :tr-l V Horton, Admaston, Ross - • ...... 70,000 jj F. Holtennan, Clontarf, P.O., townships of Scbastopol, Brougham, Griffith, Lyndoch, Raglan, Brudenell, Radclifn*, Jones ....... 100,0(X) Department of Crown Lands, Toronto, Canada, . . ;. R. W. Scott, 12th February 1872. Commissioner of Crown Land. Crown Lavb and Timbeh. Aoinciks in thk PaOVINCK OP QOEBEC. The area of the province of Quebec is estimated at 134,402,800 acres, of which 19,089.357 acres had been alienated previous to the ."list December 1865. It is slated in n return of the Department of Crown Lands, Quebec, dated the Ist March 1871, that up to the 80t.h June 1870, the number of acres alienated in Townships was 7,187,301, and the esti. mated numberofacresof sub- divided land remaining for alienation was 6,168,239, of which about one haff was available for settlement ; whilst the total (|uan- mmmmtmmK mmmmmm 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— QUKUKt. 9» tilyofland .lurvpyed and open Tor M>iilrin(,0C<) acri't MiTc I'siiinatid as k«k»(1 l.iiid, litit not at prciont nvailablo for scltlonu'Dt, sodio {xirtion-i of it ri-<|uirin^ (Irniiia^o. and ottuTs lH-in)( so siiiinti-ti as not to In- n(-ri-s a**- the , (!nu«ii I. and nj^ctilft i*»uf |H'rtuit« of (H'cupalion t<. claunaiili, u ho nui«l take po\kcii- sion of the land >pccilicd within one iiioiitn of the date. Ilefore the expiiation of the fourth year, if the holder has butll a habitable dMelliug on the lot, and has twelve acres under cultivatioii, he nuy take out Letters i'ateiit free of cliarge, U|Hin mIiicK he obtains absolute possession of thi' land. The following Is a schedule of the Crowti (.and agencies in the nrovince of (Quebec, and contains detailiHi information respecting the lands alHive re- ferred to. . ^«i .,,.',,- SCHEDrLE of Crown Lands and Timber Agendes, showing the names and residencies of unie. in the county of Rich- njond : l>ur- haiu, Wickham, Upton, and (irHiitham, in tlic counlv of Bagot : and ()r- ford, in the county of Sher- brooke. and Bolton Magog. Melbourne BrfUipton Omiithain : M'ickliiim I Riittoii - - 1 ' Orford • i Barford - • i i Hinehinbrooke I Godninnehi>st('r^ ' Aotoii, Brume, ' Barnstoii. j Uuiidoe, Dun- ; ham, Elgin, j Durham, Ely, | Kan I ham, Granbv, Rox- i ton, Hatley, ' HmnniinKford,: Pott on. Ma- j gog, E. and W., Millon, I Upton, 8tuknd, and ' Shcfford. rrt*\ 1,1100 2,5)0 1,300 600 RO .100 i,;«K) Woe per A ere. Accord' ing to si)ecial valua- tions, varj'ing mmi 60 Ota. to2dolH. Keinarks. 'f None. some some RiiuKh, hilly, and niininlaiiii>nsi aiioiit one fourth lit for cuitiva- lion ; indicntioiis of copper; some soap slr.iio (stentite). Gfiicrally inferior land ; some spruce and piiio tinilxT. Geiicndly low and wet spruce and pine timber. Generally l,icnor land spruce and pino timlier. Do. do. do. KoukIi nioinilaiii land. RoiiKh and hi''!y. liiforior land All of the uf-'h' land in tliowi townships ' i (i>i' cultivation is alremly oechpled. Much of the. remaindei' is of a swampy and boggy character. f2 ■kkmhh 84 DISPOSAL OF CHOVVN LANDS— QUEBEC. [1872. Crown Janit and Timber A(cencie«— ronfiini«/. AtconU, FUwidriicw, Ac, AWT. OAOfTOH, Artlml-a-ik Wl(', r';:iity o. Ai-iiuiiiiwkii. llitilrond from Oik'Ikm' lo Ar- i tiiiil)aNkii Htii- 1 timi, llicncf l)y j (inliimry roails | to tlif vnrioim ' towiiHliip'* of tint BKC'IlCy. Namo and Kitfiit nf Agciicy. Acrwt Hiincyr'l nrul tiiifrrantwl in f«<"h T(mn»lii|i. Price ! per Acre. ! I Aktiuoamka. Coniiirin^sBllthe toU'tlHllipH ill till' cfiuiity of Artlin>NiHk:i ; tliir towtiNhips (if Wolft'Htovvii. Iltiiii, Siiiitll Miiiii, Wc.tton, St. Cainill"', (iiirtliby, ntiil Stralfortl in Uin comity of WolfO J tOWTI- 8lii|)ii of Mali- Tax, Sonierstit, L«'ortaiice discovered; tim- ber of some value. South-west and south-east parts valuable for its timber only, re- mainder generally good soil ; minerals of little value. Generally good soil ; of little value for its tinilMT. Soil of middling quality; timber of some value; no mineraUt of importance. Srntlcred lots of inferior quality of soil; timber of not mucli value. Land generally of inferior quality ; Home tinilier of a alue. Scattered lots of inferior quality of soil, Some good land, with much that is low and swampy; timlier of some value. Scattered lots of inferior land ; timlier of not much value. Low, swampy, and swamp land; timber of not niueh value. Poor swampy land ; timber of little value. Poor swampy land ; of some value for its timber. Poor swampy land ; of little or no value for its timber. Soil of a fair quality; timber of some value. 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROU-N LANDS— QUI'nEC. Crown Luidi and Timber A)n*neio« — etmHntuJ. RenidriKW, Acrwi mirveycd and unKr»tiUd imd open forSftlo. Acrwi •urvejred and not opon for Sale. Price PCT Aero. Riemarkt. Wm. Pahwkij,, R/jliiiiNtm, county of (.'oinptoii. Railrooil from QuetM»o t<> Len- iiuxvillo.lhenro by HtufTR 25 niiloN to Uohin- N<)M, iind from tlu'Ki by ordi- niiry roads to various points where settle. inunt \h pro- (trevsitix and eoloniz^ition roudsliavebeeii nmde, and others partially HO. St. Puakcis. i Stoko Coiuprixinfr all the towniihipH in the county of (Joniptoii ; thetownnhipof Ascot, in the ; county of Sher- brooke ; the townships of Stoke, Wind- sor, Shinton, and Cleveland, in countv of Kichniomf ; the I wnsliins of i nidswell and Weedon, in ('i)Uiity of Wolfe ; »nd the , townships of I Spalding and l)it( hlleld. in I the county of Heauce. '■i I Windsor - Shipton - Cleveland Hereford (^liflon - Coniplon ■ KmhiTtoii .\uukland Clinton - Chesham Ditton • Newport Akton • Westbuiy Kwupdflu Maraton Winslow Whitton Hury - Lingwick 1,500 ' Xonc, i None ! tl ; 3,uoo •di — eoctt. ■Wobun) • 1K,800 None. 3»,700 5,000 000 2,000 17,600 17,700 87,000 55,600 None. None., 1 Ui 8oil pnor.xtony, nnd niountainutti s Aouie Hprut'*' nnd pine tiiulxT. I*art k^xkI, luirt fXHirnnd swampy; sonic spruce nnil puie tiuilMT. llnther |Hior, hut will sell fur set* tluiuuHt. I'lirt ger. Generally hilly nnd broken, hut pretty good land ; some swainpi and some spruuo timber. I'nrt Kood land, Tiart hilly and broken ; sumo K^^'d pino and spruce timber ; no ndnerals of value have yet Ikjcii discovered. AlMiut half Koor ; no ndnerals yut (liscovorod of ini- jtortance. Considerable portion Kood land ; remainder rather broken, partly on McKHiitic mountain ; con- sideruble Kold found in south port : some timlK^r of value. Some land of fair quality, and some very poor; no timoer of value. E^ither poor, but will soil for set- tlement. About one half fro(xl land, tho other half poor and swampy; not much timber of value. Some portions nood ; central jwirt jmor and swampy ; considerablo spruoi! and some pine timber; no minerals yet discovered. Three fourths of township good, tho other fourth broken and swampy ; considerable! quantity of spruce and some pino timber. A large portion poor nnd swamriy, the best of township settled ; some good spruce and tameraok, not much pine. About three fourths good for settling purposes; remainder valuable for its r>ine and spruce timber. 86 DISPOSAL OF CIIOWN LANDS— QUEBEO. [1872. I I Orown TiHiidM >nnU, Nhiiic Price Ib'iiidi'iico, and Kxlint of Ajtcticy. Townabip, Acret snrvoyod and <)|>*:n for tele. Acres ■urvey«?d and not Opon for Bale. per Acre. - B«inarkii. Wm. Farwsll- St. Prawcih • SjHuldiiiK - , 26,000^ v - Qetifirally poor for settinvnent; rontinued. I 9 coimidomlilc pino and spruce ^ timlxT ; no mnii-rals of inip(jrt- anoe diiM'oven-d yt-l . About oni! fourifi fit for settle- • ^ r UiU'hllold • 18.600 J- >• — — ,*,.(- c nicnt, the r<>tnaindcr g — » Soil pr<;tty good and level ; several Ordinary roiulo sitUHto in I >c coiniticH of •ao.iKKi HUKaries ; spruce, pine ; lack of roads. Ht'nuo(^ find HrouKhton • 2.200 — II The vacant lands of this township Dorpliostor, ex- are of an inferior quality, moun- cei)t SpaldinK, tainous and rocky. DlU'llllfld, IlDll Forsyth 17,200 — It Soil pretty good and level ; souio r ' Wohurn. nlso •5,000 maple, pine, and spruce. tlin towiiHliipi (iayhurst 28,600 — 1* Soil pretty good and level ; abund- ance of wood lit for lumber, of ('(ilcruini!. •20,000 Thetford, imd spruce, pine. Pine land for agriculture, very > level ; a few map e woods, spruce. HrouKliton. in Jorsoy . 21,000 — 1* r '■ ,.» ■. .'T '; ■ f tlie founty of •15,000 . MoKuntic and pine. thiit part of lAimbton 8,700 — 1] Soil of inferior quality ; several Uuckliind in meadows ; very rocky. tlic connty of LiniOro - 16.800 — 30 Soil of inferior quality; several liellecliiL><8e. meadows : a few maples, spruce. Soil generally good; much wood Marlow - 35.800 — 40 •:i5,000 for lumber, pine, spruce. ■• ■ ' - Mctgprmette, 18,400 — J, Soil generally jxjor; large quantity -t . t South. of saleable spruce; valuable waU'r power. Metfcemictte, 30,200 21,200 30 Soil generally very good ; extensive . • • 1 -1 f . 11 North. ♦40,000 raaple woods, much spruce. Want of roads prevents advance i .."■■ of colonization. l>ricc - - 13.800 — 40 Soil of good quality and jiretty _ .'■ .S rt ■ , • '•■■•' '■ ; 1 i\ even ; abundance of timber. ' ! ' . '.'' .'' RisborouKh • 42,100 — »» Soil generally good; abundance - -I" - ■• ' .■ M , • ..- . ,•, . •30,000 of timber, pnie, spruce. "■'.if '■,,.» ■ • Shenley, i\orth 3,100 »' The few vacant lots in this town- ship are of an inferior quality ; gome meadows. South 11,800 ^^ Soil very pod for agriculture, getierully level ; plenty of spruce. •T ; J'', Trinf? - 4,700 — M Soil- gciiomllv good and pretty even ; a little maple. 1 * 320,000 acres in the ChaudiOre, Rimouski, and Bonaventure Agencies have been reserved for the " Societi GMrale Forextih'e de France." 1872.] DLSPDHAL OP CROWN LANI>S— QUKBEC. Crown Lwdi tod Timber Agenda— contciiiMi/. Acres lunrtiyed and ir-!rrant«d in AKenU, Namo oath Towiulij . Price ' ti Eesiduiicu, aod Kitunt of A^ucy. Township. Acres surveyed and open fur Sale. Arn>B sur^'cycU and uot o|>cn for Halo. |i.'r Acre. nemarki. 1 J. A. FOKTIN ■ CnAUDI*RB— Buck land SJSOO 90cent« Soil j)oor, very nn'ky j in«adnws. eonlinued. ('mnlK)urno - ; VKIO — .. Very flnc land, thonirti nomewhat rocky ; II giMxl ill'* of innplr. Pmmpton ■ KOO — M Tho few vnnuit lobi ni thin tuwiir ■hip am inf»Tior. LanRovin 40.800 — • ■ Boil very flii«, thongh a little nx'ky. Coliinitation progrwiwing in iplti* •»0,000 of lack (.f rtiniU. Standun 12,700 — It l^rettv fiiir land, though uomitwhat r»)ckv and very mountniiious t much Npnice. Watfonl •18,000 17.000 M Kxcelleni land; large quantities of maple. Waro - 11,S00 :■» Boil of \fmH\ quaiity. though very mountainou.4 ; much maple, ni)ruc«!. Soil inferior; nbundanix* of tim- Coleraine 12,700 — 40 l>er, such n« pine, »|>ruce. Thetfor• Generally gtxxl. CompriHiiii; all Montminy 11,000 — »i Do. will make a good Railway from the townships parixh in a few yiain) Levis to Montr and unsur- I'atton - - !H.100 »» Soil generally gixxl, nn;i in some inagny, and voyod lutids I'anc't - 30,90.0 ♦1 iliioeM of HUiMTJor quiility ; well limbered. communication situate in tho Rolette 2t,»00 — *t y by common counties of Talon • 40,300 — t> Soil pretty gmxl, ruthor mountain- ous and rocky, but well tim- roads with tho Montmafniy. different parts L'Islet, and 1 Hired. of the agency. Bcllcchasst;, ex- cept that port" Ashford 33,000 •~ 1* E(x;ky ; half the township unfit for cultivation. of the town- Arago - 2C,400 — ** The Ist, 2nd, and Srd rringos rocky ; tho rest preltygood ; fine maple ship of Buck- land in tho said woods. county of Bclle- Boaubien 10,270 — t> R^K'ky; not much timber. chassu. Casgrniu ti,m) — Soil g(X)d; colonization progress- Dionne - 21»,»00 — ing. Rocky; much cedar, two ranges Foamier 27,400 — I* being taken tip. Gameau ;20,100 — " Soil good) in process of coloniza- tion. ftliddUng. Lessard 7.600 — »i Lnfontaine - 36,000 — 11 Good ; colonization advancing. Leverrier 43,700 — II Fine maple woods; soil gensrally good, though rocky. Arniugh 19,600 i> Rot'ky ; very few go8eN ik bccoutiiig seance in all these townxliipN. • 1 • See note, page ( 1 DISJUSAL OF CUOWN LANDS— QUEHKC. [IB72. Crown liUnilii und Tiiulx-r AKeucicM — continued. Acroa surveyed siid uiiKnuttod in Afento, each Tiiwniihip. Price Nftnin UJ<>d Hoilj hard- wotxl tinil>er. BAilwiiy rroiii l/<'ViH to rivti- •llMII'l' of IlKl'Mt, mill iiMNiir- Vfyi'il laiiili Nitiintn in the C'mpnin ('iiatM)t S3,S00 (ia,4oo — " 1 " X I.nnd hilly and very ro<'ky;tim- Iht mixed; Moil better ncAr the TBchi* Koiid. nnil coiiiiiiiitii- (■oiintii>«i of Ixworth 42.000 — M Ixiwer rannen very moiintainonii ; cnt'on liy nrdi- Kniiiiiiimfikik ' Imid rocky, Imt very Kood in the imry roniNwllh mill Tiauis- liollowH iilHiiit the 'ilreamH. thd (litl'lTI'Ilt cuuulu. I'lirkd - 26,Y40 — II Ijitid hilly and rather roeky ; well partH (if the timlHTcd. •Kimuy. Painclmud • 41,600 ~ I* Th'^ part traversed hy the Taehc^ lloail is Hullleienlly good for fanning; fertile vallevR. .., Poh«*n,ooo f* Soil vHriable, rocky, and Bandy; will tinilK'red, birch, spruce, llr, cedar. Arniuiid 28,200 — „ High lands, rough and broken where traversed by the TaihtS Koad, but generally favorable for farming. llotsford 2rt,7H) — tt liBiid rtii.sed and undulating, gene- rally fit for cultivation and well timlHired, especially with hard wood. Hi'igon - 10,600 _• If Surface more or less broken ; soil * lit for cultivation, though rocky in some niaces. Rough and broken ; soil generally Calmno 57,800 gcxid ; large tracts of hardwood timber ; rich valleys along the 1 Jiumerous rivers which water "■ this township, especially on the '■ river Cnbano. • ■ , . . Demcrs 22,S0O ~ »» Mountainous; land genemlly fit for cultivation, especially along the new line of the Taehi? Itoad. Uenonvillo - 12,200 t» Surface broken and rough; good alluvial lands along the rivers, and soil generally good on the new line of the Tacho lload. ' Estcourt 44,000 — ti Land more even, and generally fit for cultivation. Ilocfuinrt 16,100 — f) IIi».'hlanils; soil somewhat roeky, but generally fit for cultivation. Packiiigton - 7,930 — ft Very good farming land; hard- wood timber predominating. "' '■ ' - " '1 •• , lluiidot 22,400 — " On the ranges tniversed by the new lino or the Tiu'liii Road, the land is generally level and lit lor - ' 1. ' ' ', cultivation. ,,. :. , Vigor - 8,400 — *. Uneven ; rocky in many places ; hardwood limber jiredominating. 1 • .' Whitworth - 30,700 — „ Very rouudi and uneven, rocky, sandy, and generally ixxir. 1 ' y except in the valleys, where the soil is very superior ; some hard- wood timber, but greater part mi.xed. 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LAND.S-QUEBKC. •9 Cre »wn T^ands and TiniWr Af(Pnci«i — aynlinunl Acre* surveypd and iinsrantt>d in wioh Towuahip. A«e«iU. Name PriM ftesidence, and Kit«nt uf Amis Acrea per Remarks. Ac. ARt-ncy. Township. sur>cyod and <)|MMi fur Hale. surv(>yeIn('wIir(*olonial HM'ky, very rotiirh, very ittlu nvilwny. timber. Flouriau 1(1,300 ,* Soil (.'xtM'llcnt ; dilTercnt kinds of tiiiilHir, but csjHH'lally niaplo; well watered. Humqui 30,300 ,1 Soil excellent ; timlK-r partly •20.000 bunit i well water of diffen-nt kinds; Miirsi'i - 13,400 abundance of maple and birch in rear ranges. Tessiev - 22,290 ■■■■•■.■-■• II Soil excellent ; well watered ; timber of dillerent kinds; iiljundance of maple and birch in rear ranges. ♦ See note, p. 86. ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // // .1/ .*- A 4l^ IL &. ^ 1.0 I.I IAil2.8 |2.5 ■50 "^^ B^M It m t |i£ 12.0 |2^ i 1.8 11.25 IIIIII.4 IIIIII.6 v^ ^ /a oV ■ :> (? / /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. M580 (716) 872-4503 iLtf % 00 DISrOSAL OF CROWTN LANDS— QUEBEC. [1872. Crown TAndH and Timber Agendei— cmpri8ing all the townships lies de Bon- aventure. 230 "•" It Very good land. Steamer from andunsurveyed Carleton 3,760 — >* All mountainous ; no lumber, but Quebec to Pas- lands situate in fit for fire wood. pebiao, and the county of Cox 18,700 — 1* In general ^ood for agriculture; tlionco by com- Bonaventure. no lumbering. mon roads to Hope 25,100 — ** Good for agriculture ; slight lum- the different ber. parts of the Hamilton 29,700 — »l Good for agriculture lumber- agency. ing. Mann - - 21,600 — »» Valleys good for agriculture ; in general mountainous, slight in lumber. -.;.:i's-' ■ Matap^diac •20,000 35,000 1* Good for agriculture ; slight in lumber. ; - . Maria 15,500 — " l» Good for agricuUure; slight in lumber. Milnikek - 36,300 — » Poor for agriculture in general; •20,000 fiiir for lumber. Nouvelle 48,800 — » Good for agriculture slight in "tl 4 u lumber. NewRichmond 35,800 — II Good for agriculture and lumber. Fatap6diac - 33,400 — II Poor for agriculture, mountainous and slignt in lumber. •10,000 Port Daniel - 48,400 — ■ ■ Good for agriculture and lumber. Bistigoucho - 22,600 ~~ t» Fair for agriculture; slight in lumber. Ville dc New Carlisle. 130 ^ tl Good for agriculture. 4¥» -W' i Jonw Bdkn, Gasfb (part of). Cloridormes - 6,100 20ct8.: Mountainous; first range fit for Gu8i)6 Ba.sin. Cap Rosier - 6,800 — agriculture. Comprising all Douglass 2,200 — II More level and good land for agri- By steamer from the townships culture. Quebec to Oaap6 and unsurveycd Fox - 9,000 — II Mountahious; good land on both Basin, and Innds situate in sides of river. thence by ordi- the county of Fortin 5,600 — If Very mountainous and very poor nary roads to OaspA, east of land. the different parts of the the lino sepa- rating the seig- Gaspd Bay, 8. 1. „ N. 200 1,000 •~" II ^ Good for agriculture. agency. niory of "La Grande Valine Malbay 11.200 — II Mountainous ; good level land on both sides of river. des Mont* " Newport 34,200 — II First range very indifferent ; rear range nt for agriculture and from the town- ship of Clori- lumbering. dormos. Porc(J - 28,200 ^ II Mountainous; very good soil in several ranges. Sydenham - 14,600 — » Interior mountainous; fcood land on Dartmouth and St. Lawrence. Douglasstown 189 — »t Rather inferior for agriculture. York - ft Mountainous in sonic parts ; re- mainder good for ogriculture. • See note, page 86. 1872.] DISPOSAL OP CROWN LANDS-QUEBEC. Crown Lands and Timber Agencies — continued. ARenU, Besidenoe, Namo and Extent of Agency. Acres surveyed and unKranted In each Township. Township. Acres siirreyod and open for Sale. Ai'res surveyed and not open for Sale. Price per Acre. Bemarka. Loots Rot, Sub-Agent, 8te. Anne des Honts. Steamboat from Quebec to M6- tls, and thence by coommon roads to the dUTerent parts of tlie ivency. Oabp6 (part of). Comprising all the country be- tween the west limit of the county of Giaspd and the lino separating the Seigniory of ia Orande Vallie des Monti trova the township of Oloridormes. Bomieu (part of). Cap Chat Tourello Denvue Christie Duchesnay Taschereau "" 1 6,600 27,100 16,900 6,200 4,300 11,200 0,800 80 cents, Good terming land ; a little timber, pine and spruce. Soil pretty good throughout the whole township. Soil dry; first range somewhat stony and hilly. Not much timber. Soil variable-, excellent in the vMlejs. A Httlo pine. High mountains ; soil pretty good, dry. A little pine. Soil, dry, and pretty good ; flno uplands. A little pino and spruce. Geobob dubbrqeb, Murray Bay. Steamboat from Quebec t"" Mur- ray Bay and thence by com- mon roads. SANOXTBirAT. Comprising all the townships, and unsurveyed lands situate in the counties of Saguenay and Charlevoix, be- sides the town- ships of St. Jean, Hubert, Otis, Kane, Boileau,St.Ger. main,and Cham- pigny, in the county of Chi- coutimi. Caillidres Dosales Settrington Albert Bergeronnes Chauveau Escoumins Iberville Saguenay Tadoussac St. Jean Hdbert - Otis Kane Boileau - St. Germain Champigny Villages 9.900 __ 20 cents. 16,900 — 1* 2,200 — ft 20,800 — *> 8.400 — •) 16,400 — 1* 6,100 — II 7,100 — •1 4,900 — ft 12,360 — tt 10,600 — ff — " ij 37.120 — fi — — f» 30,960 — II 20,600 — >» — ■ — ti 140 ft t Vegetable soil, with many rocky tracts interspersed. Mixed soil, do. do. Very good soil; rocky tracts ; great- est part settled. Vegetable mixed soil ; rather mountainous. Good soil, intersected by rocky tracts. Good soil, but very rocky. Tracts of good, mixed, sandy, and rocky land. Some good land, but in general swampy and mountainous About one-half very good land, tho rest mixed; very moun- taiii!)!'3. Detached tracks of best vogetablo and of sandy and rocky land. Good soil, but very rocky. Very rocky ; several good tracks interspersed. Do. do. do. do. Some good and some poor land; very mountainous. About two-thirds very good, the rest rocky. Do do. do. do. Good land; villages having iH-en laid out in the best spots of t-ownships. 9f DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— QUEBEC. [1872. i Crown TiAnds and Timber Agencies— cond'nueef. Acres surveyed and ungranted in Agents, Name each Township. Price Residence, and Extent of Acres Acres per Bemarkjs. Ac. Agency. Township. surveyed and open for Sale. surveyed and not open for Sale. Aero. J. 0. TBBHBLA.T, Lakb St. JonN. Ashuapmou- 3.600 ... 20 cents. Land middling and poor; pine Obicoutimi, chouan. woods destroyed by Are and townofOhicou- Clomprising all lurolx^ring. timi. the townships and unsurveyed Islod'Alma • 4,100 "" II Mostly poor land, veiy little fit for cultivation; fine timber; not Steamboat from lands situate in much pine. Quebec to Ha! Hal Bay ; thence the county of Chicoutimf, ex- Bugot - 27.600 — II Middling land; generally rocky; timber completely destroyed by by common cept the town- sh ps St. Jean, H6bert. Otis. flro, &c. roads. Bourgct 24.800 — II A portion very poor, but a large part excellent land : good timbei . The greater jiart lit for agricul- Kane, Boileau, Caron - 28.900 — *i St. Germain, tural purposes; extensive pine and Champigny woods, f \ comprised w th- Chicoutimi - 3,660 — II Soil infen«jr ; rocky ; swampy ; no in the 8a- timber. guenay agency. Charlevoix - 5.200 ,— •1 Land middling and poor; fine timber, chiefly spruce. About one fourth of the land ' ' , ■ ■ ■ ' !■' Delislo 10.200 — II r. E good, the rest middling; good timber. Demeules 8,200 *i- II Three fourths good land, the rest middling; fine timber; not much pine. Falardeau - 6.000 ■■"" II Land middling and inferior ; fine timber, part exhausted by lum- bering. About a quarter good land, the rest poor ; fine timber, not much pine. Three quarters good land : the rest poor; timber destroyed by fire Harvey 36,000 i— II Jonqui6re 12,600 _ II and lumbering. One fourth m ddiing, the rest K^nogami C.IOO _ II rock ; very little timber. Iron ore found near the centre of this township. Laterridre 19,600 ^ II Soil middling and poor; timber completely destroyed. Labarre 11,060 »• •1 Three fourths good farming land, the rest middling ; good timber. Labrosse 41,360 — II pine. Bprui;t3. Land poor and unfit for cultiva- tion ; white and red pine. Mdsy - - 12,420 — Three fourths middling, the rest poor; not much timber, pine, Mdtabetchouan 26.100 _^ I* spruce. Three fourths poor, one fourth good; timber destroyed. ' Parent - 7,700 .« •1 One half good farming land, the rest only middling ; fine timber • in a part of the township. P6rigny 15,600 M One half good fanning land, the rest very poor ; mountainous ; fine pine woods. Boberval 10,700 •" *l Land middling and inferior; timber destroyed. Signay - - 900 — II Pine ftJining land; a little swampy; good timber. Simard 31,100 — II One ha'/ good land, the rest in- ferior ; timber destroyed. Trembtay 16,700 •> One half good land, the resi, in- ferior ; timber destroyed. Village 1,000 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— QUEBEC. 93 Crown Lands and Timber Agencies — continued. Acres surveyed and ungranted in Agents, Name each Township. Price '* Residence, and Extent of ApMoa Acres per Remarks. &c. Agency. Township. ACroB surveyed and open for Sale. surveyed and not open for ^e. Acre. 1 L. Z. Rousseau, St. Cuabusb. Stoneham 38,000 Wcents. Sandy and fertile; white birch. Quebec, yellow birch, pine. St. Roch suburb. Comprising all the townships Tewkesbury - 33,000 — II Land mountainous end fertile t From Quebec to and unsurvcyed white birch, yellow birch, pine. different parts lands situate in of tlio aKenoy, the counties of Alton - - 11,000 — tl Land somewhat itxjky; veiy fer- tile; lino quarry or free stone; maple, birch. ordinary roads. Montmorency, Quebec, and Portneuf as far ns the rear line Chavigny 13,200 — •1 Mountainous ; very fertile ; birch, of the timber maple, pine. limits south of the river Batis- Colbert 1S30 _ II Mountainous ; rocky ; very fertile ; can. maple, birch, &o. Gosford 6,700 — It Mountainous ; rocky ; very fertile ; muple, birch, spruce. Montauban - 12,400 II Mountainous ; very fertile ; maple ; birch, pine, spruce. Rocmont 16,400 — 11 Mountainous ; rocky ; fertile ; birch, pine, spruce. Turcotte 30,270 — II Cauchon 18,200 •» Rocky; generally fertile ; hilly; timber of little value. 202,830 AtpnoNSB St. Maubice. MtSkinark • 6,180 Village 30centg. Soil rather poor ; lack of roads. DUBOED. reserve. Three Rivers. Comprising all Caxton - 2,600 II Soil good; well timbered. the townships Shawenegan • 17,600 — ■■ Soil unlit for agriculture ; timber Steamboat and and nnsurveyed nearly all removed. Soil rich; well tinbered. railway from lands situate De Calonnos * 14,200 _ n Quebec to Three in the counties Belleun 8,000 Rivers, thence of Champlain, by ordinary St. Maurice, roads to diffe- and Maski- rent parts of nong^, except that part of the the agency. township of Pe- terborough situ- ate in the said county of Maa- kinoug^, also the unaurveyed lands in the counties of Portneuf and Quebec north or the rear line % of timber limits south of the 1 river fiatiscan. 94 DISPOf ;al of ci lOWN LAND5 4-QI IWBEC. [1872. Crown Lands and Timber AgmidM— continued. Acres surveyed and ungnuited in A «>am4>. Name each Township. Price uatsTI AgentR, B«8idence, and Extent of Acres Acres per Bemarka. Ac. i Agency. Township. surveyed and open for Sale. surveyed and not open for Sale. Acre. 1 ... J. B. Deltaubsb, Arhumption Ohertsey 17,200 30 cents In general mountainous and very Jolictte. (part of). rocky. Chilton 67,100 — II Mountainous and rooky, especially Steamboat from Comprising all towards tl; 3 N.E., a« far as the Quebec to Montreal or the townships ; 7th range ; elsewhere excellent and unsurveyed farming land. Oood soil and more level than the Bertbier, and lands in coun- Rawdon 6,200 •— » thence by ordi- nary roadg. ties of Terre- neighbouring townships, but bonne, Mont- nearly all the tots flt for cultiva- calm, Joliette tion are already occupied. Soil excellent in the S.E. part, but and Berthier, Brandon 10,600 — t» except those within the few lots remaining to be dis- posed of; towards the N.E., agency of Mr. mountainous and rocky. Belle ; and also Cathcart 21,400 — II The greater part mountainous that part of and rocky; a few good lots in Peterborough the valley of the river Assump- in the countr of Maskinonge. tion. Cartier 37,960 — II Watered by the river Assump- tion. In places mountainous and rocky, out land generally j ' flt for cultivation. Timber chiefly hardwood. Joliette 13,000 — tt Surftice very rough; soil gene- rallv flt for cultivation, espe- cially ill the valleys of the nu- ' ■ merous tributaries of the river 1 Assumption. i Kildaro 3,400 — n Pretty good soil as ftu- as the 8th range, but mountainous and rocky towards the N.W. j Brassard 9,300 II Mountainous in rear of the river Matawan, though some tracts of good land are to be found. 1 Fiovost - - 7.000 — » Mountainous, rocky, and sandy in different parts; tracts of very ; good and very poor land alter- nating. ! Peterborough 27,200 — M Bough and broken ; soil generally good, especially in the valleys t along the rivers ; tracts of hard and mixed wood, no pine. 365,320 C. E. Bkixb, Absuhftion Kilkenny 10,400 30 cents In the centre and S.E. soil mid- Montreal. (part). dling; elsewhere very inferior, ' rocky and mountainous. Steamboat from Abercrombie - 3,900 II Soil pretty good in some places, but nearly everyw>-«n rocky Quebec to Montreal, and and mountainous; . ny lots ordinary roads to different parts of the unfit for imlti vation. Wexford 27,200 — n Soil genonUy very inferior, very rooky and mountainous, though ft few good lots are to be found. \ agency. Doncaster - 64,400 — •I Land in general rocky, very rough about the lake^ but some pretty lai^ tracts of land flt for cul- tivation; timber chiefly hard- wood. Archambault - 1 i 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CKOWN LAND.S-QUEBEC. M Crown Lands and Timber Agencies — amlinued. Acres surveyed and ungranted in AKents, Kooidonce. Name and Extent of each Township. Price per Acres Acres Bemarki. &c. Agency. Township. surveyed and open for Sale. surveyed and not open for Sale. Acre. 0. E. Belle, Abbuhftion - Berosford 3,020 30 cents Soil light and Handy, wmowhat Montreal. (paTt)~o(m<. I'ettte NaHoH rooky, but of pmttv fair quality. Soil generally good, hut to u gn^at Moriii- U.OOO — II (part). extent very rocky and moun- tninous. Howard - 31,()00 t. Land uiountninous, Hoil rocky and sandy in places, but genttmlly fit for (fultivation, c8i)ociully In the valleys along the rivers. Wolfe • 7,500 II Soil in places rough and broken and somewhat rocky, but gone- rally lit for cultivation. O. W. Cambbon, Petite Nation. Addington - 22,800- 30 cents Generally sandy loam, one huilf flt Thurso, county ■ 1 for settlement ; considerable of Ottawa. Comprises the second-rate pine. township of BuokinKDam and all the Buckingham - 6,900 — II Unfit for agritmltural purposes j Steamor and rail- valuable for its pine; some road from Que- plumbago and galena. bec toMontreal, townships and Deny • 29,400 — II About one fourth val'iable for thence by steamer and unsurveyed agricultural purposes; balance lands in that rocky and mountainous; valu- railmad to part of the abki for its pine timber. Thurso. county of Ot- tawa situated to the east of Dudley - 18,400 II Generally sandy loam, one half fit for settlement; considerable second-rate pine. Generally unfit for cultivation; the Rividre du Hartwoll - 21,200 — II Li6vre, and the valuable for pine timber; no county of mineral of importance dis- Argenteuil. covered. Kiamika — 14,000 i II Generally sandy loam, one half fit for settlement; considerable second-rate pipe. Lathbuiy — 22,400 s II Considerable good sandy loam land ; residue rough and rooky ; t^ .o not much pine. Lochaber 7.100 — ^ II ") Generally unfit for cultivation ; some pine timber; plumbago ) and mica in township. „ Gore soo — a II McGUl - - — 23,600 ,1 One half fit for cultivation, residue S rough and rocky; considerable i •M pine timber. Musgrave 26,000 5 II About one-third fit for cultivation ; remainder mountainous and < hilly, but valuable for its pine timber. Portland East 19,400 II About one-fourth fit for cultiva- tion : remainder mountainous and hilly, but valuable for its pine timber. Bipon - 6,400 7,800 II Generally unfit for cultivation mountainous and hilly, but valuable far its pine timber. Suffolk - - 18,700 18,800 » About two-thirds good for agricul- tural purposes : not much pine ; no m nerals of importance dis- covered. Villeneuve - 14,000 — » About one-fourth fit for agricul- tural purposes ; rest mountain- ous; valuable for its pine _ timber. 96 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— QUEBEC. [1872. Crown Tiands snd Timber Agenoiea— cotitiiiiiedL 1 Acres surveyed and ungranted in • Agents, Name each Township. Price Residence, and Eitent of Acres Acres per Bemarks. *o. Agency. Township. surveyed and open for Sale. surveyed and not open for Bale. Acre. 0. W. Oahbron, Pbtite Nation Wells - - 26,300" 30 cents. A rough, mountainous tract t here and there a small valley of good Thurso. continued. ii land. Ponsonby 15,000 12,800 .1 » About two-thirds fit for agricul- tural purposes ; not much pine ; no minerals discovered. AmhcrRt -1 t a Bidwell Campbell - V Preston Unsur- veyed. Killalv - -J Arundel - 8^00 ■"" J »» Soil generally good for agricul- tural purposes, not much pine ; no minerals of importance dis- covered. DeSalaberry- 21,000 "~ II Soil generally good for agricul- tural purposes ; not much pine ; no minerals of importance dis- covered. Unfit for cultivation ; rooks and Chatham 800 II mountains ; some hardwood, but 1 too ftir from front to be valuable. Grcnvillo 0,800 — ft Generally unfit for cultivation; mountainous and rocky, no pine 1 timber; plumbago and mica mines. Orenvillo, «,400 — II Generall;r unfit for cultivation; Augmt. ^ ■^ very little pine ; hardwood too far ftwm front to be valuable. Gore 1.800 *^ c 1* Lands generally unfit for cultiva- tic i timber of very little value. Lands generally good for agricul- Harrington - 30,200) OOOi 11,900 do. Gore s II tural purposes ; not much pine ; € no minerals of importance dis- c covered. Montcalm - 14.600 — » A poor township for agricultural purposes ; some pine and spruce. Lands generally poor; hardwood Ventworth • 29,000 — M too far flrom front to be valu- Grandison - 16,000 — able; some pine and spruce \ timber. ROBT. FARTiBT, Gatinbau. Aumond 24,000 __ 30 cents. Light soil, one-third fit for farms ; Chelsea, county residue rough and hilly, covered of Ottawa. Comprising all that portion of with hardwood ridges and pine of considerable value. Steamer and rail- the county of Aylwin - 10,500 — H Principally sandy plains ; pine of rmtd from Que- Ottawa situated no value, being burnt over. Light soil, rough and mountain- bec to Ottawa to the west of Bowman 22,300 — l> otty.thenoe by stoke seven miles to Chel- Bivi6re du ous; one-third fit for farms; L{ One third good land; residue rocky and mountainous; con- siderable good pine. 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWTT LANDS— QUEBEC. 97 Crown Lands and Timber Agenoitw — eontinued. Acres surveyed nnd ungranted in each TownHhip. Price Agents, Name Residence, and Extent of Acres Acres I)or Bomarks, kc. Agency. Township. surveyed and open for Bale. surveyed and not open for Sale. Aon». BOBKRT FABLBT, GATIHBAtJ— Bas Katongo - 27,000 30coiiU. Cloy loam : one half fit for fkrms ; Chelsea. continued. reKidue nillv and mountainous, eovorecl with K'xxi pinntinit»or. Donholin 33,600 — »» Nearly all moiuitainous; one tenth lit for ftirms. Minerals; iron, plumlMKo, and asbestos. Pino of little value. Egan 68300 1* Sandy loam; one third At fbr farms; residue mountainouN ; valuable jiinu and hardwood in the township. HIncks 42,600 — *i do. do. do. Cameron 18,200 — f» do. do. do. Kensington • 24,400 4.400 n Clay loam; one quarter only flt for settlement; residue rough and mountainous ; hardwood ridfrrs nnd vnluable pine. Lowe 13,400 10,200 » Clay lonm ; one tiuartor only flt for settlement; reKidue, hills iind gullies; pine of little value. Minerals : iron and mi(«. Lytton 26,800 6.600 ■> Generally level ; one half lit for cultivation; residue rouvh and rocky; not muuh good pine; good hnrdwoo Rough and mountainous; one tenth flt for settlement ; no pine of value. South illier ■ 10,500 II One quarter good land; reiidue very hilly; rough land; con- siderable pme. Hull . 1,000 II All mountain; hard wood; plno of little value, not for sale, ex- cept to parties living there. Very rough and mountainous ; one tenth flt for farms; hardwood ■• Wakefleld - 23,000 — » ridges ; pine of little value. Very rough and broken ; a rery Wabossee — 11,800 H valuable pine township. Merritt Unsur. veyed. Indians' Maniwaki ■ Total- lands. 77,600 u 98 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS—QUEBEC. [1872. C'rotrn Lands and Timber Agenciei — cvnUnued, lU'niilona', Name and Kxtunt of AKoiicy. Kdmdnd Hkath, ClanMidon, county of I'oiitiac. Rati road Htt'HIlH.'r Ottawa tllOIU'« Btcamcr Htngo to HrJH- tol and I'ort- iiKe du Fort. and from to city. »>y and COD1/)HOB. CoropriNinK nil thn towiiKhi|M and laiidH nn yet unHurvoy* ed situate in the county of I'ontiao. Acres Burvoyod and ungranted in eacii TownHhip. Township. Acres surveyed and open for Bale. Allumotto Alleyu - Aldlliad Aberdeen Aberford Bristol Bryson Clarendon Cawood CtopTinm Chichester Calumet Dorion Huddorsfleld Litchfield Leslie - Mansfield Onslow Sheen Waltham Pontofract Thome Esher Graham Gladstone Hastings Kirkaby Laboucn6re Total Recapitulation' 4,700 3B,800 3.'5,»00 17,600 28,400 400 1,800 27.300 8,000 4,600 1,100 19,700 9,800 18,600 10,400 6,200 42,000 10,700 •None. Acres surveyed and not open for Bale. 6,333,429 Price por Aero. Bomarks. 22,600 .SS.OOO 34,000 44,000 16,000 15,000 18.000 SO cents, 181,000 459,200 Sandy and clay loam, much of it of inferior qnality. Vales of cxrellent land; white pine timber. Stoney, with valleys of good land. MountaiiiN and broken vales of good Innd ; white pine timl)er. Mountains and broken vales of good land; white pine timber. Iioamand clay soil. Rocky ; white pine timber. Medium quality of land. Valleys of good land ; white pine timoer. Light sandy soil. Some good land in front part of the townHhip ; other parts broken ; white pine timber. Light soil, with much rock. Valleys of good land, white pine timl)er. Valleys of good land ; white pine tiniber. Generally of inferior quality. Light sou; white pine timber. Light Euil and rocKy; white pino timber. Hilly and rocky; soil varied, Some good land; white pine tim- ber. Uneven surflace, light soil and rocky; white pine timber. Intervals of good land; white pine timber. Some good land, uneven surface. 1872.] MINING REGULATIONS, &c., ONTARIO & QUEBEC. 99 PftOviNr.i or QuKBic. Mininff for the prc\;ious metals it rcfpilated by the '•Gold Miriei Act"i!7 & 'M Vict. cap. 9, paaiud 30th June 1864; amended by 20 Vict. cap. 9 (1865.) Under these laws, two gold mining divisions have- been established ; one called" Chnudi^re," the other "St. Francis," in the Province of Quebec. The GoverncT may appoint officers; and two inspectors have been nppr removal of stakes on crown lands claims. All liccncees to make returns. Quartz crushing ma- chines to be licensed. Books to be kept, and returns furnished. Fee gS per month. Sale of liquor pro- hibited except under licence ; monthly feu g6. Provision made for appointment of constables and policemen and for preservation of peace. Persons working under gold mining patents to furnish re- turns and pay royalty, &c. (Only one such patent exists, viz., for tiic seigniory of Rigaud-Vaudreuil, in the Chaudiere — one of the divisions erected.) Governor in Council to make regulations. Officer may convict on view. Inferior Metals. The following are the Regulations, dated Depart- ment of Crown Lands, Quebec, 3rd March 1864 : I. The tracts shall comprise not more than four hundred acres. II. The dimensions of the traet.s in unsurveyed territory to be forty chain)! in front by one hundred chains in depth, and bounded hy linrti running due north nnd south, and east and west, or OS near to these dimensions as the configuration of the locality will admit. III. The applicunt for a tract in unsurveyc-d territory must furnish a plan and description thereof by a provincial land sur- veyor. I V. The price shall be one dollar an ocre, payable on tlie sale. V. Tax or duty of one dollar per ton to be charged on all ores extracted from the tract, payable on removal from the mine. This con- dition applies to all mining lands sold since the 1st day of April 1862, and is in lieu of the royalty of two and a half per cent, chargeable on the ores fVotn these lands. VI. In surveyed townships, lots pre- senting indications of minerals, are to be sold on the above conditions, but at not less than one dollar per acre in any township, and at the same price as the other lands in the township when it is more than one dollar per acre. VH. Not more than one tract of four hundred acres is to be sold to one person. VIII. The above regulations do not apply to mines of gold and silver. IX. All previous regulations inconsistent with the above are cancelled. Province or Ontario. The Mining Regulations for Ontario are contained in an Act, 32 Vict. cap. 34, called the (ieneral Mining Act of 1869, passed by the Legislature of the Province. It repeals the Gold and Silver Mining Act of 18G8 ; and all royalties, taxes, or duties re- served in any Patent on ores or minerals. It rescinr'* all reservations of gold and silver mines in any Letters Patent already issued grunting lands in fee simple, and prohibits any reservation of minerals of any kind in any future Crown (irants of lands sold as " Mining \jimAt." It provides that any one may explore for minerals on Crown lands surveyed or unsurveyed, and Crown lands supposed to contain minerals can either be sold as mining lands, or if situated in a raining division be occupied as mining claims under miners' licences. It prescribes the size of" mining locations '' which if situated in the unsurveyed territory l)ordering on Lakes Superior, Huron, and the River St. Mary, are to b« sold in blocks of either .'i20 acres, 160 acres, or 80 acres; if in townships in surveyed territory, the location is to consist of a half section, a quarter section, or an eighth of a section, with a reservation for roads oia per cent, of the land granted, and of all pine trees, excepting such as may be required for build- ing, fencing, an50 feet ; they must also pay a royalty of three per cent, u'^on all gold mined. This royalty is collected and paid by the quartz mill owners, who are required to be licensed; quarts mill licences are granted free; 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— N. BRUNSWICK : B. COLlTMniA. 101 nnd llcenu-d mill owneri arc eiititlcii to a com- iniiiiun of Ave per cent, iipun nil royalty cullectvd by thvm and paid to the Gold Cotnniisiioiiur. Thu dincovvrer of any nvw mine is cntitletl to a lease Tor SI yeurs, free fniiTi advance |)ayn)ent or nivalty, of such un area as above described. Hut no discovery will be reco){nised as new, unless at least three miles from the nearest known mine on the same loade to the Land Officer by the affidavit of the claimant and the testimony of two credible witnesses. All assignments and transfers of pre-emption rights prior to the issuing of the patent are null and void. Before any person shall be allowed to be entered for lands and obtain the right of pre-emption in respect thereof, he shall make oath before the Land Officer of the Division in which the land lies that he has never had the benefit of any right of pre- emption under these regulations — that he has not settled on and improved the lands with a view to selling them on speculation, but in good faith for his own use and benefit. Ill case a person entitled to claim pre-emption rights, dies before giving effect to his claim, the representatives of the deceased person may complete the same. If the pre-emptor dies before giving effect to his claim it descends to his heirs. Homestead Rights, 1. Any person who is the head of a family, or has attained the age of 2} years, shall, after the 1st day of May, 1871, be entitled to be entered for one quarter section, or a less quantity of unappropriated public lands, for the purpose or securing a home- stead right in respect thereof. Persons owning and occupying lands may be entered for other land lying contiguous to their lands, but the whole extent of land, including that previously owned and occupied, mast not exceed 160 acres. A person applying for leave to be entered for lands with a view of securing a homestead right therein, shall make affidavit that he is over 21 years of age, and that the application is made for his exclusive use and benefit, and that the entry is made for the purpose of actual settlement. Upon making this affidavit, and filing it with the Land Officer, and on payment to him of 10 dollars, the applicant shall be permitted to enter the lind specified in the application. In entries of contiguous lands, the settler must describe in his affidavit the tract he owns and is settled upon as his original farm. Actual residence on the contiguous land entered is not required, but bona fide, improvement and cultivation ofit must bo shown for the period required by these regulations. No patent shall be granted for the land until the expiration of three years from the time of entering into possession of it. At the expiration of three years, or within two years thereafter, the settler or his widow, her heirs or devisees, upon proof of residence and cultivation 104 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— P. EDWARD ISLAND. [1872. ; for three years and of non-alienation, to the satis- faction uf the Land Officer, shall be entitlud to a patent for the land. Provided such patentee is then a subject of Her Majesty by birth or naturalization. The title to lands to be acquired under the above provisions, remains in the Crown until the issue of the patent therefor, and such lands are not there- fore liable to be taken in execution before the issue of the patent. In case it is proved to the satisfaction of the Land Officer that the settler has abandoned the land entered by him, for more than six months at any time, the land shall revert to the Crown. Any person who has availed himself of the fore- goinji, provisions may, at any time, before the expi- ration of the three years, obtiin a patent for the land entered upon by him on payin^f the pre-emption^ price thereof, and making the required aflidavit of proof of settlement and cultivation from the date of entry to the time of payment. All assignments and transfers of homestead rights prior to the issuing of the patent are null and void, but will be deemed ])rimd facie evidence of abandon- ment and give cause for the cancellation of the claim. A settler relinquishing or abandoning his claim cannot thereafter make a second entry. A person who has settled on a tract, and filed his application for pre-emption ri^ht may at any time substitute therefor an application for a homestead right. Exemption of Certain Landt. The following lands shall not be the subjects of pre-emption or homestead rights, nor of ordinary sales under these regulations: — Lands allotted to the Hudson's Bay Company under the terms of the transfer of the North-west Territory to Canada. Lands reserved for schools. Wood lands set apart as such for supplying settlers wi.h building materials, fuel, and fencing, and pine lands. Portions of the public lands selected as the sites of towns or villages. Lands actually settled and occupied for the purposes of trade. Mineral lands. Mill sites. Beservation for Inter -Oceanic Railway. it any time after the (irst day of May, A.D. 1874, the Governor in Council may, subject to then existing rights, withdrau' from the operation of the above system land to the width of three full townships on each side of the line finally sanctioned for the Inter- Oceanic Railway, and may also terminate, after the same day, the free homestead system above provided for. Prince EuwAan Island. With the exception of between 2,000 and 3,000 acres, the whole of the Crown lands in this Co- lony were alienated in one day. But by Colonial Acts of 1853, 16 Vict. c. 18 , and of 1857, 20 Vict, c. 20,, the Local Government is authorized to re- ])nrchasc from proprietors their unsold lands and to resell them to the present tenants or other- wise. 83,000 acres were thus repurchased in 1854. In the years 1860 and 1863, 82,000 acres more were purchased by the Local Government under the pro- visions of the same Act, About 85,000 acres of these lands remain undisposed of, for which the late proprietors demanded from 10«. to 20t. sterling, per acre. These may now be obtained at the land office at from 4«. to 8«, sterling per acre, according to locality and quality. In April 18C8 two Acts were passed by the Local Legislature, caps, 23 and 24, for amending the Land Purchase Act (16 Vict, cap. 18), and to encourage the settlement and cultivation of public wilderness lands. The (irst of these Acts provides, that when it shall appear from the accounts, or be represented by the oo^upants of an estate purchased by the Colonial Government under the 16 Vict can. 18, that the estate has become "self-sustaining,* the Governor in Council may order an inquiry, and if it shall prove that the estate is "self-sustaining," may direct that no further payments shall be re- c^uired from those who have paid their full propor- tion of the charges upon it, but that only the arrears shall be collected from those who have not paid their proportion. To ascertain whether an estate is "self-sustaining" it is to debited with all losses on account of land tax or otherwise, " and all other " losses, costs, charges, and expenses connected with " the estate and the workings thereof which can be " fairly chargeable against it, as well as the amount " of its purchase in mey and interest thereon," It is to be debited on the other hand with the payments received from the occupants, and with a reasonable allowance for any wilderness or other land belonging to it which shall remain unsold. Moneys paid in ei^cess of the amount necessary to reimburse the Government are to be returned to the tenants or occupants. The second Act authorizes ;nc Governor in Coun- cil to set out any part of the Wilderness land in Farms of not less than 50 nor more than 100 acres, to be sold at such price as the Governor in Council may fix. The purchase money is not however to be payable till the expiration of 8 years from the date oftlie deed of conveyance ; but the purchaser is to be Iv'und to erect a house or building on the land 20 feet square by 8 feet high, to clear one acre annually, and to pay all taxes and assessments due in respect of the land. Failure to erect the building or to make the specified clearance is to operate as a forfeiture of the land. No purchaser is to obtain more than one farm under this Act. Most of the Crown lands (t.e, those not repur- chased under the Act of 1857) have been sold. There is, however, a small number of town lots for sale in Princetown, These lots are chiefly sought for at present as qualifications for Electors of Mem- bers to serve in the General Assembly, but may become valuable hereal'ter, being situated in front of one of the best harbours in this island, from which the fisheries might be prosecuted. Sale by auction prevails. The upset price was formerly 20». per acre for wild land, and 10/, to 30/, per acre for town pasture and river lots. These rates were in 1837 reduced in certain localities on the application of the House of Assembly, and on a renewed application from the same body the fur- 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— NEWFOUNDLAND. 105 ther alterations embodied in the following table were made in 1848 : — Situation of Land. Quantitr of Crown Iwn. And whoever takes away gold metal or ore containing gold, or digs for or disturbs the soil on the waste lands of the Crown in search of gold metal or ore, without having been first aily autho- rized so to do, is liable to be prosecuted both criminally and civilly, and the gold maybe seized by the Crown. In New South Wales and South Australia, however, the Crown has given up its right to mine- rals or. lands recently purchased. In New South Wales,Queensland, Victoria, and New Zealand, Acts have been passed by the Local Legislatures for regulating the right to dig for gold on Crown lands, and for imposing a duty on its export. The Emigration Commissioners do not now re- ceive payments in this country towards the purchase of land in any of the Colonies, except Western Australia and the Falkland Islands, and do not, con- sequently, grant passages to emigrants nominated in virtue of such deposits. New South Wales. The disposal of the public lands in this colony is now regulated^by two Acts, Nos. 1 and 2 of 25 Vict. 1861, entitled, respectively, " An Act for regulating the Alienation of CrownLands," and " An Act for regulating the Occupation of Crown Lands." The first Act regulates the Sale of lands. After repealing the Orders in Council and Regulations issued under the Imperial Acts 5 & 6 Vict. cap. 36. and S & 10 Vict. cap. 104., and making provision for reserves for town sites, internal communication, and other purposes of defence, public worship, instruction, health, recreation, and convenience or enjoyment ; and after exempting from sale Crown lands held under lease or promise of lease made previous to the 22d of February 1858; and .'fter providing for sales, without competition, of small portions of land on which improvements have been made, and in certain other special cases, it proceeds ^ ^ to enact f hat all Crown lands shall be jYpo moaes ^^j^ ^.^jj^^ j,y ^^^ ^f conditional sale Of »au. without competition or by auction. Classification of Lands. — Crown lands are divided into four classes, viz. : — " Town lands," being those in or set apart as a site for any city, town, or village ; " Suburban lands " (declared in the "Gazette" to be such); "First Class Settled Dis- tricts," and "Second Class Settled Districts." Auction. — Town lands and Suburban lands without improvements are to be sold by public auction only, at upset prices of not less than 8/. per acre for the former and 2/. for the latter ; the upset price of other Crown lands intended to be sold without conditions of residence and improvement is not to be less than 1/. per acre. If no sale is effected at the first auction the lands may again be put up to auction, and, with the exception of Town and Subur- ban lands, may in the interim be purchased at the upset price, if not previously withdrawn from sale by the Government. (Sects. 23, 24, 25.) Mode of Payment. — One fourth of the purchase money is to be paid at the time of sale, and the remainder within three months. (Sect. 26.) Conditional Sale. — By the plan of " conditional sale " any one may, on certain notified days, make to the Land Agent of the district a written appli- cation for the conditional purchase of not less than 40, nor more than 320 acres, accompanied by a deposit of one fourth of the purchase money, at the rate of 1^. un acre. He will then be declared the conditional purchaser, unless there be more than one application for the same land, or any part of it, in which case the successful candidate is to be > - termined by lot. The lands to be selected v ter this system must, however, not be town or sub >n lands, nor within a proclaimed gold field, ui ^s unoccupied for gold mining purposes, and n ist not be within certain distances of towns or villages, varying from 10 to 2 miles, according to the popu- lation of the place, nor reserved for town sites or other public purposes. (Sects. 13 and 14.) At the expiration of three years and three months the purchaser has the option of paying the balance of the purchase money, and receiving a conveyance in fee, or of paying by instalments of not les» than one shilling per acre, or of deferring the payment indefinitely, by paying interest at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum on the amount, within three months after the 1st of January in each year. The pur- chaser, however, must in either case prove to the satisfaction of the Minister of Public Lands that he has made improvements to the extent and value required by tlie Act, that he has bond fide'jeaided continuously either by himself or his alienees on the land, and that he has not alienated it until after, at least, one year's bond fide residence thereon. There are some other minor provisions for effect- ing conditional purchase, under mining conditions (other than gold mining), when the price is to be 40s. an acre, and for determining values and matters in dispute by appraisement and arbitration. Under the Land Acts of 1861, no privileges are granted in the acquisition of land to naval and military settlers. Rights of Commonage and Iieases of Pasture Lands. The following is the substance of the principal provisions of the Crown Lands Occi^ation Act, 1872.] LEASES OF PASTURE LANDS— N. S. WALES. 107 No. 2. of 25 Vict., 1861. For the purposes of the Act the Crown lands are divided into three classes ; viz., " First-class Settled Districts," " Second-class Settled Districts," and "Unsettled Districts." It repeals the Acts of Council, HI Vict. No. 61. and 16 Vict. No. 29, and the Orders in Council and Regulations issued under the Imperial Act, 9 and 10 Vict. cap. 104. saving all rights already acquired under them. It empowers the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, to proclaim any part of the unsettled districts to be within the " Second-class Settled Districts," but so as not to afreet existing leases. (Sect. 3.) It prohibits the renewal of existing leases, except under the provisions of the Act, and enables the Government to withdraw from any runs lands required for town or village sites, — for internal communications, — or for any public purpose what- ever. (Sects. 4 and 5.) It provides that Crown lands not comprised within "old runs" (that is, runs under leases or licence!) granted or contracted to be granted before the 22d of February 1858, in the Second-class Settled or Unsettled districts) or not comprised within certain distances of towns or villages, and not being public reserves, may be leased, subject to the provisions of the Gold Fields Act (20 Vict., No. 29.) by tender, for pastoral purposes, for 1 year if in the First-class settled districts, — and for 5 years if within the Second-class settled districts or the Unsettled districts,— or if required for ferries, bridges, wharves, machinery for saw mills, &c., — and for 14 years if for mineral purposes other than gold mining. (Sect. 10.) Leases of runs in the First-class settled districts are to contain not less than 1 square mile, and are all to expire on the 31st of December, with the right, however, of renewal annually, by payment of a rent for the ensuing year, at the rate of 2/. per square mile, or such higher rate as the lessees may be paying, subject, nevertheless to the right of the Government to withdraw the lands for sale, or for any public purpose. The holders of land in fee simple may also acquire, without competition, at the rent of 2/. per square mile, leases of adjoining land to the extent of three times their purchased land. Claimants for the same tract of land arc to have it divided between them by arbitration. Leases of Crown lands not previously under lease, or subject to a pre-emptive right of lease, are to be sold by auction after 1 month^ notice of sale in the " Gazette,'' at an upset price of 1/. per square mile, or of lot. if half the current year sliould have expired, and tt.. whole of the purchase money is to be paid at the time of sale. If not sold at auction the lease may be afterwards obtained by private contract at the upset price; but the sale by the Government of any portion of the land under lease is to cancel so much of the lease as relates to the land sold and to three times the adjoining area. (Sects. 2 and 12.) With regard to lands in the " Second-class Settled Districte" or in the "Unsettled Districts," the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, may grant Leases, subject to the following con- ditions. (1.) Existing leases of runs may be con- verted into leases for 5 years under the Act, by payment within ", months of the " Gazette " notice of a rent to be le'ermined by appraisement of the fair annual value (exclusive of improvements) of the lands for pastoral purposes ; and on such con- version the Runs cease to be liable to assessment under the Act 22 Vict. No. 17. (2.) Leases of •' Old Runs" may, on their expiration, be in like manner converted into leases for 5 years. (3.) After the first year the rent is to be payable on the 31st of December, with a fine of 8 per cent, if in arrear not more than 3 months, and of 10 per cent, if more than 3 months; and if in arrear 6 months the lease to be forfeited. (4.) These leases are not to confer any right to purchase by pre-emption. (5.) The Crown may resume, without compensation (except a return of a proportionate ]>art of the rent), any of the lands under lease require, at an annual rent of 2/. per acre or 2/^ per 100 yards of river bed, under special conditions as regards labour and machinery, and also fee for suivey. 1872.] GOLD FIELDS— N.S. WALES. 109 Table showing the Dimensions and other Particulars of Quartz Leases. Ko'. of ContenU. Labour to be employed. Itent per annum. Denoait Aores. Length. Breadth. Fee. YardB. Yards, Men, £ e 3 »6 100 4 4 ff 3 14A 1(10 6 fi 4 193 100 H 8 JS H 243 100 10 10 fi 10 323 ino 80 20 s lA 484 ISO 80 80 10 ») 64S ISO 40 40 10 S5 flOO 200 Notitated. 80 15 30 726 800 60 00 15 40 068 200 80 80 :;o 50 1,260 8U0 100 lOO 25 Fee. £ I. 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 2 10 8 3 3 10 4 The Escort of gold from the principal Gold Fields is undertaken by Government, at a charge of 8d, per ounce. The duty on gold exported from New South Wales, whether by sea or land, is fixed at 1«. 6d. per oz. troy, but the Customs duty is not leviable on gold which has paid duty at the Mint. Gold Fields or New South Wales. Western District. 1. Ophir, or Summerhill Creek, in the county of Roxburgh, and its tributaries, Lewis Ponds Creek, and Emu Swamp Creek. Summerhill Creek is about 40 miles long, and empties itself into the Macquarie river. The tributaries are each about 15 miles long. The country intersected by these waters is clay slate, abounding with veins of quartz, many of which are known to be, and the rest probably are, auriferous. Summerhill Cieek is the first place where gold was discovered, in sufficient quantity to be worth work> ing, in May .851. 2. Turon River, in the county of Roxburgh, with various tributaries. This river is about 50 miles long, and empties itself into the Macquarie, about 12 miles above the junction of Summerhill Creek. The country is clay slate intersected by quartz veins, some of wiiich are superficially highly auriferous. The Turon was first occupied in June 1851. 3. Meroo River and its tributaries, Louisa Creek and others. This river is about 40 miles long, emptying itself into the Cudgegong, which empties itself into the Macquare about 12 miles below its junction with the Meroo. The country is clay slate with numerous quartz veins. On Louisa Creek one hundredweight of gold was discovered bv Dr. Kerr. The Meroo, a flourishing gold field in this district, is one of the greatest in extent, the auriferous de posits extending over a very large tract of country. 4. Tamboroura Creek, — This creek is about 20 miles long, and empties itself into the Macquarie between the Meroo and the Turon, from each of which it is distant 20 miles, running parallel to them. The country is clay slate with quartz veins, and including Hill End is now the richest and most extensive quartz mining district in the Colony. 5. The Lachlan Gold field is now nearly aban- doned ; but deep leads have been struck at the Cur- ragons, some 20 miles distant, at a depth of about 100 feet. Another Gold field has also becit disco- vered, called "The King's Plains and Dclubula Rivulet Gold Field," but the workings are not of u very important character. There are two other gold fields, viz,, the "Tuglow Creek "and "Billabong." 6. The Abrrcrombie River and its tributaries, Tucna Creek, Kockybridge Creek., Cappohamia or Oakey Creek, and isabella River, This river is about 60 miles long, and runs parallel to the Turon, at a dis. tance of 80 miles to the southward, emptying itself into the Lachlan River, 7. New fields, which promise to be of importance, have been opened between Wellington and Muclgee, on the Cudgegong River, and about 40 miles from " The Lachlan," at Cargo. Also on the Turon and Macquarie Rivers, where valuable quartz reefs have been discovered. The country is clay slate, with the usual quartz veins. 8. An extensive Gold Field has lately been dis- covered at Trunkey Creek, a tributary of the Aber- crombie, and distant about fifty miles from Bathurst. The workings are on quartz reefs, which promise to prove highly remunerative and extensive. 9. Nine similar discoveries have also been made on the " Church and School Estate" near Carcoarh and about forty miles from Bathurst, Mining leases are granted on the same conditions as on the Crown lands. No ordinary claims are permitted on Church and School lands. Powerful steam machinery has been erected for crushing the auriferous quartz, both in connection with companies formed to work the reefs, and for the general public. 10. A large alluvial Gold field, similar in charac- ter to the Lachlan, has been opened at '" Gttpdir, Bingara. — This gold field extends from the table lands at the sources of the Bingara and Courongar* Creeks to their junction with the Gwydir, including an area of 17 b^ 5 miles, which comprises also the Bora and Sprmg Creeks, both auriferous. Auriferous quartz is being worked in the immediate neighbourhood of the township of Bingara. 18. Upper Hunter. — Moonan Brook, distance about 25 miles from Scone. Extensive operations in quartz mining are now being carried on. The following table taken from the Statistical Registers of the Colony from 1861 to 1871, shows the quantity of gold received in Sydney by escort for that period. The quantity received privately cannot be ascertained. For the quantity exported see post. Year. Weight. Value. Ozg. e ». d. IMl 402,C34-18 1,854,629 5 1863 S75,A38-88 3,212,634 1 8 1863 423,407 1,620,040 8 8 1864 316,429'£9 1,211,169 12 8 1865 28»3Wia iffnjm 10 11 186B 241,480'47 928,278 J 18117 S!22,71S-29 863,707 17 7 1868 220,738-82 894320 10 » 1869 224,383-27 866,746 7 11 1870 108,664-32 763,680 10 3 1871 317,e43-31 1,219,683 16 9 Total - 3,438,35ii-78 18,233,276 2 The value is computed at the standard rate of 3/. 17s. KHt'.peroz. Queensland. The disposal of- land in Queensland is regulated by an Act passed by the Colonial Legislature in February 1868, 31 Vict. No. 46, called "The Crown Lands Alienation Act of 1868 ;" and to some extent by the Immigration Act of 1869, 33 Vict. No. 9, "The Pastoral Leases Act of 1869,*' 33 Vict No. 10., also by No. 34 Vict., " An Act to authorize the issue of Agricultural Leases on Gold Fields." The first Act repeals, consolidates, and amends all previous Acts and Regulations relating to the dis- posal of the Waste lands of the Crown in^ueensland, except the New South Wales Gold Fields Act, 20 Vict No. 29. It provides for the appointment by the Governor of District Crown Land Commis- sioners for carrying out the Act, and defines their duties. It directs that the necessary uotice of in- tention to resume shall be at once issued to all holders of runs within the settled districts, which are specified in a Schedule attached to the Act. Pastoral Leases. — But tenants who surrender their runs within six months are allowed to receive back a lease for 10 years of one half of what will remain of their runs after deducting township and railway reserves, the other half being thrown open for set- tlement. The land so leased is not to be subse- 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— QUEENSLAND. Ill quently resumable except by resolution of both Houses of Varliament. The rent to be paid by the tenant for the half run is to be the same as he before paid for the whole, but he is also to have a right of pasturage over the half thrown open, or such portion of it as may remain unselected. Tenants who do not accept the above compro- mise are to be permitted to retain their runs, but subject, on 12 months notice, to free selection of the whole by purchasers, or to resumption for sale by auction^ Unlet country lands in the settled districts are to be at once open for selection, and similar .lands in the unsettled districts are to be open for selection as "Second Class " pastoral lands. Public Reserves. — The Governor is authorized to make town and other reserves, and to reserve all lands required for public purposes, and it is provided that all Crown lands within three miles of a railway shall be held as railway reserves. The Governor is also authorized to divide lands not previously divided, into counties and parishes. Lands on which improvements to the value of 20/. have been made may, within a specified time, be sold to the person who has made the improvements thereon by private contract. Mining Purchases Sales may be made for min- ing purposes, other than for gold, to an extent not exceeding 64d nor lessthan 40 acres, at a price to be fixed by the Governor not less than 1/. an acre ; one fourth the price to be paid down and the balance within 12 months. Land Agents, — Land Agents to act for the Local Government may be appointed by the Governor in Council. ConditiomU Sales. — Country land comprised in Railway or Township reserves or in reserves made under the Agricultural Reserves Act of 186S, is to be open for selection by "conditional purchasers." It is to be divided into (1.) Agricultural ; ^2.) First Class Pastoral ; and (S.^ Second Class Pastoral. These difiWrent classes or land are to be purchase- able at the rate of 15>., 10«., and 5*. an acre respectively, payable in ten equal annual instal- ments in aiddition to survey fees. The utmost extent to be so acquired by any one " conditional jiurchase " is, of agricultural land from 40 to 640 acres, of first class pastoral land from fiO to 2,560 acres, and of second class pastoral land from 80 to 7,680 acres. Where however the land has not been surveyed, applications for it are to be received conditionally only till there has been an opportunity of ascertaining its quality. Lands selected under this system are to be held on lease till the purchase money is paid, on condition, among other things, that the lessee shall enclose the land with a substan- tial fence, and that he shall reside on the land continuously during the period of the lease. But if within two years in the case of pastoral lands, or three years in the case of agricultural, the lessee can show that he or his bailiff has resided on the land for two years, and has made certain improve- ments, a grant in fee may be issued on payment of the balance of the 10 years rent. Sugar and Coffee Lands. — Any person intending to cultivate sugar or cofTl'c i.s to be allowed to select a block containing not less than .S20 nur more than 1,280 acres ; and on proof, within thi^e years that he has brought one tentl\ of his land into cultivation, he is relieved of the obligation of residence. Existing lessees of sugar or coffee lands are to be entitled to the same privileges. Homesteads. — Heads of families and persons of 21 years of age are alio 'ed to select as " llomestends " lots not exceeding 80 acres of agricultural, or 160 acres of pastoral land, on payment of an annual quit- rent of 9d. per acre for the former, and orf, per acre for the latter during five years, the grant not to issue till the expiration of that period and proof of con- tinuous residence and cultivation of one tenth of the land, or the erection round it of o substantial fence. No person is to be allowed to acquire more than one " Homestead " allotment. Gold Field and Township Commonage. — The Governor is authorized to proclaim " Commons " on the application of a certain number of free- holders of an adjoining township, such commons to be proportioned to the number of freeholders resident in the adjoining township, but in no case to exceed 20 square miles. The commonage rights are to be restricted to residents in the adjoining township. Sheep, except under special circum- stances, are to be excluded, and cattlo are to be paid for at the rate of 2i. a head per anr.um. Absolute Saks by Auction. — Besides the above modes of conditional sale, it is provided that un- conditional sales may be made by auction of Town, Suburban, Country lands, or Forfeited leased lands, at such prices as the Governor shall fix, not less than for Town lands - . - Suburban lands within one mile „ „ beyond „ „ Agricultural lands „ „ „ First class pastoral „ „ „ Second class „ „ „ „ The time of sale and the price of the lands are to be duly advertised beforehand. The sales are to be conducted by an auctioneer or land agent ap- pointed by the Governor, and the purchase money IS to be \ lid, one fiflh at the time of sale, and the remainder, with the deed and survey fees, within one month. Country lands not sold at auction may be afterwards sold by private contract at their respective upset prices, and if not sold within one month become open to selection by "conditional sale." In case of the sale above the upset price of forfeited improved leased lands, the Governor may pay the value of the improvements to the lessee. Grants to Volunteers. — Every member of the Volunteer Force of the Colony is to be entitled after five years service from the date of the Act, to a 8/. per acre \L n fi 15f. n ><> IS*. >f i» 10«. n n 6». » »» 112 LEASES OF PASTURE LANDS— QUEENSLAND. [1872. free grant of 10 acres of Suburban or 50 acres of Country land, subject to regulationi to be made from time to time by the Governor and laid before the Legislature. Ijond Ordert, — The ImmiKralioti Act, No. 9, of 1H69, etititleg a person wlio hns paid the full cost of his itussa^c, or of any mcmbi-r of his family, in- cluding his domestic servants, to a land order (or the selection of 40 acres for each person of I'i years and upwards, and S20 acres for each child between the ages of 1 and I'Z, The land to be selected under the order must be country land open for selection, and It must be for the selector's exclusive use and benefit. Upon delivery of the land order to the Land Agent for the district, the holder receives a licence to oc- cupy the land for Ave years. At '.he end of that time the selector, provided he has resided upon the land continuously for three yeiir!>, and has culti- vated one-tenth or has fenced the whole of it, is entitled to a Crown grant of the land selected (sects. C-9). Persons obtainin^frec or assisted passages through the agent-general in England of the Colony, and re- paying the cost of their passages within two years of their arrival, and persons resident in Queensland nominating friends or relatives, aiid within 12 months of their arrival repaying the cost of their passages, arc entitled to the preceding advantages in the ac- quisition of land (sect. 16 to 22.) These advantages are extended to cmployeiVj paying the balance of the passage money of immigrants under contracts for service for two years who omit to pay it themselves (sect. 22.) Leates of Crown land with right of purchase are granted under " The Leasing Act of 1866," MO Vict. No. 12. Lands situated more than two miles from any town, and remaining unsold after having been put up to auction, and lands in agricultural reserves remaining open for more than oiic month after pro- clamation, are open to lease by the first applicant to the Land Agent for the District, who shall pay in cash or land orders a year's rent in advance, at the rate of 2s. 8d. an acre, for land open to purchase by Kelection at 20s. an acre, and proportionately higher for land purchased at a higher price. The term of lease is eight years ; and as soon as the lessee has made the eighth payment he is entitled to a grant in fee simple. The quantity of land to be held by one lessee is not to exceed 2,560 acres. The lease cannot be transferred or encumbered without regis- tration by the Surveyor General, the fee for which is 10«. lAotet of Pasture Lands. — The law relating to the Regulation of Crown Lands for Pastoral Purfosks is contained in the " Pastoral Leases Act of 1869" (33 Vict. No. 10). This Act repeals, consolidates, and amends all previous Laws, Orders in Council, and Regulations respecting the Waste Lands of the Crown, so far as they are rejiugnant to any pro- vision of the Act. The following is an abstract of its principal provisions: The Act r.pplies to the unsettled districts only. The Governor is empowered to appoint and define the duties of Commissioners ot Crown Lands. Leases of runs in the unsettled districts may be obtained by existing lessees on the surrender of their leases. The substituted leases are to be for 21 years from the 1st of July 1M69, at rents varying in amount, according as the surrendered leases were held under the Order in Council of the 7th March 1847, or under the Colonial AcU, 24 Vict. Nos. 12 and 14, 27 Vict. No. 17, and 28 Vict No. 20. Lenses in " Unsettled Districts." — Pastoral leases in the unsettled districts may be granted for any term not exceeding 21 years. To obtain such leases, an application must be mode in writing, to the Commissioner of the district, for a licence to occupy the run for a year, accompanied by a declaration that the applicant has duly stocked the run to one-fourth of the number of sheep or cattle it is capable of carrying. Fee for licence to be at the rate of 5s. per square mile. — Sees. Sand 9. Clear descriptions of runs applied for, with boun- daries, must be given at time of application. — Sec. 10. Each run is to consist of not less than 25 nor more than 100 square miles ; and to be of rectangular form. The extreme length in no case to exceed three times the mean width, subject to the exclusion of water necessary to the beneficial occu- pation of adjoining lands and of land unavailable for pastoral purposes.— Sec. 11. Applications to be entered in a book and signed by applicants. Such book to be opened for inspection on demand on pay- ment of fee of 2s.Gd. — Sec. 12. Applications for runs to be made between ten and four on such days as Governor shall declare by regulation. — Sec. 13. In ciise of plurality of applicants, licence to be granted to first who has occupied the block with stock ; or, if two or more have occupied with stock at the same time, the land to be divided fairly between them. Should the blocks be insufficient for all parties, and none being willing to withdiaw, each block to be sub- mitted to competition, among applicants only, at an upset price of 5». per square mile. — Sees. 14 and 16. Any Licence Holder may, not less than three months before the expiration of his year's licence, apply for u lease for 21 years. — Sec. 19. The annual rent for tlie first seven years is to be 5s. per square mile ; fur the next seven years to be at the rate of 10«. per square mile, and for thercinaining seven years at the rate of 15«. per square mile ; but during the cur- rency of the 7th or 14th year of the term, the rent for the ensuing seven years may, at the option of the Governor or the lessee, be determined by appraise- ment within certain limits. — Sec. 20. Leases not applied for within the prescribed time, or forfeited leases, to be dealt with as vacant CilDwn lands. — Sec. 22. Each run is to be deemed capable of car- rying 100 sheep or 20 head of cattle per square mile. If less than a quarter of this number be kept on any run, lease to be forfeited. — Sees, 23 and 26. For- feited and vacated runs are to be put up to auction at upset price of 5s. per square mile, for the first and second times ; if not then sold, upset price may be reduced by the Governor. The purchaser must, within six months, stov-k the run to the extent of one-fourth its grazing capacity.— 5ec«, 27, 83, and SO. [1872. 1872.] GOLD FIELDS— QUEENSLAND. 118 deflne Lands, lay be >f their 1 years 'iiij? in ■» were March Nos. \'i tl leases ted for obtain node in ct, for a mpanied stocked sheep or iccnce to . 8 and 9. Ih boun- cation. — less than to be of \ no case cot to the :ial occu- lilablc for ns to be Its. Such nd on pay- is for runs :h days as ec. 13. In be granted stock; or. It the same veen them, mrties, and It to be sub- only, at an , 14 and 16. ree months e, apply for lal rent for luare mile; . of 10*. per L years at the ng the cur- •m, the rent tption of the by appraise- Leases not or forfeited iwn lands. — pable of car- square mile. « kept on any nd 26. For- p to auction ir the first and price may be chaser must, the extent of 27, 23, and 30, Unwatertd Runt. — Where no part of a run is within Ave miles of permanent water, a licence for ,onc year may be granted, without the condition of com- pulsory stocking, on payment of an occupation fee of St. per square mile. The licence may be re- newed tor a second year on payment of another fee ot'3».~Sec$. 31 and 33. Renewal of I.Mi»e» on Vniettled 7)»ffriWf.— Current leases may be renewed for 14 years at an increasing rent for the first four years of one-tenth of the rent payable in the last vear of the expiring lease, and of further increases or one-tenth of tiie augmented rent fur the pcrimis commencing with the filth and ninth vears; but the Governor or the lessee may, in the last year of th6 expiring lease, or in the currency of the 4th or 9th year of the renewed lease, res are permitted to occupy land not exceeding 60 feot by 120 feet. The conditions for water privileges, races, and reservoirs or wells, river claims, frontage claims, and alluvial claims are prescribed, and the regulations aflbcting quartz reefs are detailed. Two classes of leases of auriferous tracts and quarts reef's may be granted, (l.) Leases of an area not exceeding eight acres of alluvial land, 500 yards of a river bed or 400 yards on the line of a quarts vein by a width not exceeding 100 yards on each side of the supposed centre of the reef, may b« granted for a period of five years at an annual rent of 5/, per acre, 5/, per 100 yards of river bed, or 6/, per 100 yards of quartz vein respectively. (2.) Leases for a longer period not exceeding 21 years, and for a peater extent of land, may be granted at a rent to be fixed by the government. Bv the " Gold Fields Homestead Act of 1870," 34 Vict. No. 15, the Governor is empowered to grant to holders of miners* rights, and other autho- rized adult residents in any proclaimed gold fields, leases of land in the gold ffelds (not being within any township) for other than mining purposes, not- withstanding the provisions of the '* Pastoral Leases Act of 1869?' 'The lease is not to include more than 40 acres, and one year's rent ; or, if the applica- tion is made oflter the 1st of July, half a year s rent is to be paid, with the survey fee, varying in amount vHth the size of the lot, from 12*. to 3^ The rent li? 'ill 114 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— VICTORIA. [1872. U to be 6$. for all loU containing less than five acres, and at the rate of It. an acre for larger lota, and to be paid annually in advance on the Ist day of January. The lease is to continue in force so long as the rent is punctually paid. If not paid within 00 days of the stipulated date with an increase of a5 per cent by way of penalty, the lease is to be ipsofacti) forfeited. A right of purchase is reserved to the lessee at the ordinary upset price of the same class of lands, if the Government should decide on selling the land. The leases are trans- ferable on payment of a fee of 10*. Miners may search or work for gold on any land leased under the Act, and, with the consent of the lessee, mav mark off and register the mining claim to which they arc entitled under the Gold Mining Regulations, but for any damage to improvements compensation is to be made to the lessee. The Executive may resume the whole or any portion of the land leased for purposes of public utility or conveniencf!. In which ease, however, compensation to be awarded by arbitration is to be made, but only for improve- ments destroyed or rendered useless. The rents are to be expended in the consti uction of roads and other public works on the gold fields where they arc raised. Victoria. The disposal of Crown lands in Victoria is regu- lated by an Act passed on the 20th December 1U69, called "The Land Act;, 1869, No. 360, which came into operation on the 1st of February 1870. This Act, which is to expire on the 31st Decem- ber 1880 (sect. 112), is divided into seven parts. I'art I. relates to introductory matter. It repeals the former Acts of 1862 and 1865, Nos. 145 and 237, except as to existing rights and liabilities (sect. 2.) Reserves. — The Governor may, after public notice, reserve from sale, cither temporarily or permanently, Crown lands required for public purposes. Land temporarily reserved cannot be sold until the tem- porary reservation has been revoked ; but land per- manently reserved can only be alienated for the purpose for which the reservation was originally made (sects. 6, 7, 8, and 9.) All lands alienated under this Act are liable to be resumed for mining purposes by the Government, upon payment of full compensation, to be ascertained, in case of diffe- rence, by arbitration (sect. 99.) Part II. Alienation of Crown lands. Licences and Leases. — Unoccupied lands, whether surveyed or not surveyed, if they are not specifically exempted, and are not included in any city, town, or borough, may be alienated by licence and lease (secU. 14, 16, and 32.) Mode of application. — Application for a licence may be made to the Land Officer of the district by any one who deposits the fee for one half year's occupation \ and the Governor is authorized to issue a licence for the occupation of any Crown lands not exceeding 320 acres for a period of three years, at a fee of 8*. per annum for each acre, subject to the following conditions : (1), that the fee if paid half* for seven years, ut a half-yearly in advaiv the payment of ri' nient. Upon paynu yearly in advance ; f2), that the licensee shall not assign, except l>y will (sect. 28), or sublet the land ; (3), that ho will enclose it with a substantial fence within two years, and cultivate every year at least onu a<-re out of twn ; (4), that the licence shall be annulled in case of nonpayment of fees or of breach of conditions, or in case the licensee shall not, within six months after the issue of the licence enter upon and thenceforward continuously occupy the idlotment by personal residence thereon ; or in case he shall not make substantial improvements to the value of 1/. per acre, before the end of the third year from the commencement of the licence. Crown Grant or Lease. — If the licensee fulfil the above conditions he is entitled, within 30 days after three years from the commencement of the licence, to obtain a Crown granb-upon payment of 14*. an acre ; or, if he prefer it, a lease of the allotment ital of 2«. an acre, payable ' ith the usual covenants for lid for re-entiyon nonpay- of the last sum due as rent, or at any time upon payment of the difference be- tween the amount of rent actually paid and \l. per acre, the lessee is entitled to a grant in fee of the land. Licences obtained or held in violation of the Act are to be deemed fraudulent and void. The licence or lease does not confer the right to search for or take minerals (sects. 17 to 22.) If a licence is required oi 'msurveyed lands, the applicant must mark out and describe the boun- daries of the allotment Such boundaries are liable to adjustment by the authorities at any time during the continuance of the licence (sect. 32.) Auction Country Lands. — All the Crown lands may be sold in tee simple by public auction not exceeding 200,000 acres in any one year, at an upset price of not less than 20s. an acre. The 8lition a lease under the gold leasing regulations. Royalty. — in addition to the above, the further sum of two per cent, is payable as Royalty on the value, at the mouth of the mine, of the minerals or metals (except gold) raised. In special cases the areas may be altered and such covenants inserted in the leases as the Governor may direct. The total number of Mineral leases granted up to 31st December 1809 was 145 for 16,044 acres. Mineral Licences. — Licences for terms not ex- ceeding one year, are granted under the "Mining Statute, 1865," for permission to search for any I mineral or metal exce|)t (jold. The maximiim areas to l.e occupied under such licences are as follows : — For lands supposed to contain Coal, an area not ex- ceeding 640 acres. For lands supposed to contain the ores of Iron, an area not exceeding 100 acres. For lands supposed to contain other minerals or metals (f-xcept gold), an area not exceeding 50 acr&s. In special cas^-s the areas may be altered, pro- vided that the total area in no cose x^xcceds 640 acres. Fees. — The fees for such licences are not less than 1/. nor exceeding 10/. The total number of Mineral licertces issued uj) to 31st December 1869 was 157 for 76,524 acres. Licerces authorizing persons to construct and use races, dams, and reservoirs, are grunted under the " Mining Statute, 1865," for any term not exceeding If years. The extent of land held under a licence for a race is not in ordinary cases to exceed an area of four acres for every mile in length of such race. Rents of Water Riglit Licences. — The rents payable for licences are as follows: — For every race, such sum as shall be considered proper, having regard to the quantity of water and the expenditure necessary, but not less than 2/. per annum. For every reservoir, such sum per annum for every million gallons of water, as may be right, having regard to the capacity of the reservoir. The number of Water Right Licences issued up to 31st December 1869 was 228, and the length of races made or proposed to be made was 465 miles. The total length of all the water races use*! for gold mining purposes up to the 31st December 1869 was 1,950 niles 3 chains, and the total cost is estimated at 276,689/. They are nearly all held under " Miners' Rights," and the miners do not pay rent for such as are taken up in this manner. Leases of Reservoirs constructed at the public expense are grunted for such periods, and on such terras and conditions, and at such annual rents, as may be fixed by the Governo." in Council. 77ie G old fields of Victoria are AWiAci intoscvenprin- cipal districts. I'hese are again divided into Alining Divisions or sub-districts, us occasion may require, and are each placed under the supervision of a War- den. There is also a Mining Surveyor and Registrar for each division or subdivision. The districts now embrace the total area of the Colony, save a small portion in the immediate vicinity of the city of iVIclhnurne. In each of the seven Mining Districts there is a legis- lative body termed a Mining Board. These Boards [isvr 1872.] DISPOSAL OP CROWN LANDS— SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 117 further on the erals or nd such lOvernor ed up to i. not ex- " Mining for any iim areas lUows:— I not ex- o contain 100 acres. ) or metah res. red, pro- ceeds 640 t less than issued up acres, ir.t and use under the ; exceeding r a licence L!ed an area such race, nts payable C such sum gard to the necessary, ry reservoir, gallons of the capacity issued up to igth of races miles. The seH for gold )cr 1869 was is estimated lers' Rights," \ as are taken t the public and on such lual rents, as cil. itosevcnprin- d into Mining may require, lion of a War- nnd Registrar districts now , save a small f the city of there is a legis- These Boards are empowered to make byelaws applicable to the District generally, with respect to mining affairs and occupations under business licences. Each of these Boards consists of ten members, four of whom retire annually by rotation, when their places are supplied by the election of four others to fill the vacancies, or by the re-election of the retiring members. The members of the Mining Boards are elected by ballot, and each male holder of a " Miner's Right " is en- titled to a vote. Each District has its separate Court of mines, which is a Court of Record, and is provided by a District Judge, who must be a barrister of not less than eightyears' standing. One of the judjjes of the Supreme Cfourt is appointed to act as Chief Judge of the Court of Mines. The Courts of Mines have jurisdiction to hear and determine all suits cognizable by a court of law or by a Court of equity which may arise concerning any Crown land claimed under "Miners' Rights," leases, or licences, mining partnerships, boundaries, contribution to calls, and generally all questions and disputes which may arise between miners in relation to mining upon Crown lands. Tiie duties of the wardens are mostly of a judicial character, and they generally act as police magis- trates. As Wardens they hear and determine all suits cognizable by a court of law, which the Courts of Mines are empowered to hear, and they may proceed summarily to settle any dispute concern- ing any Crown land, share, or interest in any claim. The mines of the Colony are placed under a Mining Department, whose head has a seat in the Legislative Assembly, and in the Cabinet. From 1st January 1868 the export of gold has been free of duty. Quantity of country lands purchased in Victoria up to 23rd October 1865 •.— By auction up to passing of Land Act, 1860 ,, auction and selection under Land Act, 1860 - . . - „ selection under Land Act, 1862 „ selection under amending Land Act of 1865, up to 23rd October 1865 Total Acres. 3,733,566 798,242 1,423,235 - 1,670,739 7,625,782 Summary of rates per acre obtained for country lands in Victoria : — By auction up to passing of Land Act, 1860 „ auction of special country lands under the Land Act, 1860 „ selection and limi'fd auction under the Land Act, 186) • „ selection under the Land Act, 1852 - „ selection under the amending Land Act. 1865 • - • - 1 4 6i £ s. d. 1 9 1 3 6 1 11 16 4J South Australia. The principal Waste Lanti^ Act for this Colony is the 21 Vict. No. 5 of 1857. But several amendini; Acts have subsequently been passed, vii., Nos. 18 and 20 of 1858 (Pastoral Leases), No. 17 of 1862 (Appropriation of Land Proceeds), No. 8 of 1H64 (Pastoral Leases), No. 8 of 1865-6 (Unauthorized Occupations), No. 10 of 1865-6 (Gold Leases), No. 21 of 1866-7 (Scrub Lands Act), No. 21 of 1867 (Pastoral Leases), No. 23 of 1867 (Mineral Leases), No. II of 1868 (to remove doubts as to Mineral Leases), No. 12 of 1868-9 (Pastoral Leases), No. 12 of 1868-9 (to prevent frauds at auctions), 5fo. 14 of 1868-9 (Sales on Credit), No. 27 of 1871 (amending Act No. 14 of 1868-9), No. 17 of 1871 (Gold Seek- ing on Murray Flats), and No. 26 of 1871 (Gold Mining generally). Witii the exception of reserves for public purposes, and newly discovered ^^astoral lands and mineral lands, all the waste lands of the Crown must be sold by auction at an upset price not lower than 1/. per acre ; but country lands once exposed to auction and not sold may, unless reserved for future auction, be sold by private contract at the last upset price or last bidding, if bid for but not sold at auction. Abstract of the Principal South Australia Wastk Lands Act. Sects. 1 and 2. — Waste lands of the Crown not to be alienated except by sale as prescribed by Act. Sect. 3. Beserves. — Governor in Council may, how- ever, make reserves for purposes of public safety, convenience, health, or enjoyment (except for churches). Sect. 4. Survei/B and Size of Lots, — Except pas- tural lands, all lands to be surveyed and mapped in lots not exceeding 640 acres before they are sold. Sect. 5. Deed of Grant— Governor, on behalf of the Crown, to convey lands sold, under the public seal of the province. Sect. 6. ^uc' IS repealed, and penalties arc imposed for the unauthorized occupation and use of Crown lands, or for unlawfully depasturing cattle thereon, or for making a false declaration of commonage ; and by an Act, No. 10 of the same year, entitled "The Mineral Leases Act, 1865-6," the Governor may demise Crown lands for the purpose of mining coal in allotments not exceeding 20 acres, and for a a period not exceeding 14 years, and subject to such rents and covenants as may be prescribed in regula- tions which the Governor and Executive Council are therein empowered to lay down. No. 21 of 1866-7 and No. 2 of 1867 " Scrub Lands Acts" authorize sales at auction of land comprised in ten specified tracts. If the lands be not sold within one month, leases for 21 years, with a right of purchase at 1/. per acre at any time during the term, may be sold by auction. The biddings to be on the yearly rent. The minimum upset yearly rent not to be less than 10». for each block. No block to exceed one square mile, and one twentieth of the block to be cleared annually. If the leases be not sold or taken up, or be forfeited, they may be sold by private contract at not less than the minimum rent, or the rent bid at auction. No. 2 of 1867. Sales on credit. — The object of the Act 32 Vict. No. 14, passed 30th January 1869, is to allow Country lands to a limited extent, to be sold on credit by selection at a fixed price in certain districts, and elsewhere by auction, on prepayment in one sum of four years interest at five per cent, on the amount of the purchase money. Accordingly the Act provides that the highest bidder at auction of any country lands not exceed- ing 640 acres, on stating his intention in writing to purchase on credit, and on paying down 20 per cent, of the purchase money as 4 years' interest in advance, may become a purchaser on credit. Rural lands which have been put up to auction and not sold .may be purchased by private contract on credit, on' the same terras, upon written application to the Land Office. Sect. 2. N.B.— By Act No. 27 of 1870-71, the interest may now be paid in two instalments, viz., 10 per cent, at the time of purchase, and 10 per cent, at the ex- piration of three years. Lands in " agricultural areas " to be sold only by selection and on credit. — Certain lands specified in the 3rd schedule to the Act are declared to be "Agricultural areas." They are six in number. 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— SOUTH AUSTRALIA. US the The Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, is empowered to set apart from time to time, by proclamation, other " agricultural areas " of not less than 20, nor more than 100 square miles in extent. But the description of the lands must be laid before Parliament 14 days at least prior to the issue of such proclamation. Sects. 4 and 5. Lands within such " Agricultural areas " are not to be sold by auction, but on credit only, upon written applications made to the Land office. The terms of credit are the same as those above stated for lands purchased at auction. Sects, 6 and 11. Lands in " Agricultural areas " are to be surveyed and proclaimed as open to selection at a price per acre to be fixed by the Governor in Council and specified in the Proclamation, and for a period to be therein named ; and any lands not sold within that period are to remain open for selection at a reduced price for another period to be named, and so on until the price has been reduced to 1/. an acre, below which price no land is to be sold under the Act. The several rates of reduction are not to be less than 5s., nor more than 10«, per acre; and the duration of the periods for which the lands are to be let"!; open for selection at each sepa- rate price is not to be less than one month, nor more than three months. But if the lands remain unsold for two years after the price has been re- duced to IZ. an acre, the Governor in Council mav direct them to be sold by public auction in tl.c same manner as lands not within "AgricultuiU areas." Sects. 7, 8, 9. Purchasers on credit to execute agreement,— Vm- chasers of lands subject to auction, or of lands subject to selection in an " Agricultural area," must sign an Agreement in the form prescribed by the Act, and may then enter into possession; but they will not receive a Crown Grant before the expiration of four years from the date of the agreement. Neglect or refusal to execute the agreement within 48 hours works a forfeiture of all claim to the land and of the money paid. The Agreement entitles the purchaser to maintain legal proceedings against trespassers as effectually as if he held a Crown Grant ; but the agreement is not transferable, except in special cases, with the consent of the Commis- sioner of Crown lands and the approval of the Governor in Council. Sects. 13, 14, and 15. Conditions of Agreement. — The main conditions embodied in the Agreement are, (1) that the pur- chaser is not to be liable for interest beyond the amount paid in advance; (2) that he is to pay the purchase money in full (payment by instalments not being accepted) within the specified period of four years and seven days ; (3) that he is to take pos- session and occupy the land within six months, and after the first twelve months to reside continuously on it during the currency of the agreement ; and (4) that he is to make substantial and permanent im- provementa to the satisfaction of the Governor in Council to the value of 6». per acre during the first year, and of 2s, 6d. per acre during each of the remaining three years. The improvements must be either dwelling houses, farm buildings, w«Ils, or reservoirs of water, and fences ; and no other kind of erection or outlay is to count as an improve- ment. Persons ineligible to purchase on credit— LanAa can- not be purchased on credit by infants, married women, or trustees for others ; nor can one person hold on credit at any one time n^ore than 640 acres, which must be in one block. Sect, 17. Lands not purchasable on credit, — Township, Sub- urban lands, and Special country lots, whether within or without " Agricultural areas," are to be sold by auction and not upon credit. Sects, 2 and 6. There are other provisions for Meeting unautho- rized occupiers under expired, forfeited, or rejected agreements, and for empowering the Governor in Q>uncil to make regulations from time to time for carrying out the objects of the Act. Regulations for disposed of Land in AgricultureU Areas, In accordance with the provisions of the Act Mo. 14, S2 Vict., intituled "The Waste Lands Amendment Act, 1868-9," regulations, dated SOth March 1871, have been issued by the Governor for the disposal of waste lands in " agricultural area^." These regulations empower the Governor to pro- claim areas of between 20 and 100 square miles in extent, to include a township and suburban lands, as well as proper reserves. These lands are to be opea for selection at prices and for periods to be fixed by the Governor, the prices to be reduced from time to time for the un- sold portions, and any lands remaining unsold after they have been open for sale at 1/. an acre for two years, may be disposed of as the Governor may see fit. Applicants for purchase are to pay in advance 10 per cent, of the price at which the laud is to be sold, and the balance, including interest at 5 per cent., within five years, but are entitled to the option of credit for a further period of three years. No land is to be sold for less than l/.pcr acre, and no person is to hold on credit more than 640 acres at one time. The regulations require of the holders, occupation for nine months in each year, building to the extent of at least a substantial two-roomed house within two yee'J, and fencing, which must be completed during the term of the first five years' credit. NORTUXRK TERRITORr. By Letters Patent, dated 6th July 1863, so much of the colony of New South Wales as lay to the north of the 2(P S.L., and between 129° and 1389 E.L. were annexed to South Australia. The eastern boundary line cuts the coast near the mouth of the Wentworth river, on the western shore of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and the western boundary line 120 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— SOUTH AUSTRALIA. [1872. cuts the coast near Cape Domett on Cambridge Gulf. The interior of the new territory ig, as yet, almost unknown except in the immediate neighbourhood of the tracks of the several explorers, viz. : Leichardt 0846), Gregory (1856), Eyre, Sturt, Stuart (1862), The legislature of South Australia passed an Act, No. 23 of 1863, (26 & 27 Vict.^ to regulate the disposal of the lands in the new territory. The following is an outline of the principal pro- visions of that Act, which is called "The Northern Territory Act." It declares that the " Waste Lands Appropriation Acts of 1862" shall not apply to the proceeds of sales of lands in the now territory. That 500,000 acres of country land in lots of 160 acres each, and 1.562 town lots of about half an acre each, may be sold by ])rivate contract at fixed prices ; that 125,000 acres of country lands, and 781 town lots shall be sold in London, and the like quantity in Adelaide at 7s. 6d. per acre [f the whole 250,000 acres be not sold within 28 days after the opening at the sale at each pIucR, the unsold portions, and the remaining 250,000 acres, are to be sold at 12». an acre. Land orders are to be issued to the purchaser, entitling them or their nominees to select within five years their lands out of any surveyed lands in the territory. No person is to select more than one town lot for every 160 acres he may purchase out of the first 250,000 acres of country land. And no person can purchase any part of the 500,000 a. 'res in less quantities than 160 acres. After the sale of the whole of the 500,000 acres and of the 1,562 town lots, all sales of waste lands must be ePV»cted under Act No. 5 of 21 Vict. The lowest jpset price of town lots is then to be U. All monies received in re8pe>.l of the new territory, from land, customs duties, or any other source, is to be kept distinct, and applied towards governing, and improving the territory, less 10 per cent, to be carried to the credit of the general revenue of the province. The Governor is empowered, with the consent of Executive Council, to make rules respecting the lease, occupation, or sale of waste lands tn all respects, and to issue regulations generally for carry- ing out the Act, such regulations, when published m the Government Gazette, to have the force of law. A "Government Resident" and other necessary officers ore to be appointed by the Ciovernor. Such "Government Resident" to perforin all duties assigned to him by the Govtrnor. Copies of all regulations are to be laid before the Colonial Par- liament within 14 days of their publication or of the next sitting of the Parliament. In exercise of the power conferred by this Act, the Governor proclaimed the following regulations dated the 24th of November 1863. 1. Any applicant may obtain a lease of land in his actual occupation as a run, which has not been previously applied for, in one block of from 25 to SOO square miles, for a term not exceeding 14 years, at a rental payable annually in advance of Is. per square mile fur the first four vears, 2«. 6d. for the next five years, and 5$. for the last five years ; sub- ject to the condition in Clause 4 as to the plan of run. 2. Application is to be accompanied by a declara- tion of actual occupation by having depastured thereon three head ot great cattle, or 10 of sheep for every square mile. 3. Every application is to contain a clear descrip- tion of the run, and is to be signed and entered in a book kept by Government Resident. Fee for inspec- tion 2s. 6c;. 4. Applications for pasturage leases must be made in writing to the Government Resident, and accom- panied by a plan on a scale not less than ^ inch to the mile. The land — except where bounded by runs already leased, or rendered by natural features of the country impracticable — is to be rectangular, the length not to exceed twice the breadth unless other- wise determined by Government Resident. 5. The applicant, if successful, is to pay, under the Resident's order, the first year's rent to the Treasury. 6. Rents arc to be paid annually in advance. If not paid within 60 days after beingdue, 25 per cent, to bo added ; if not then paid, the lease may at option of Government, be forfeited. 7. Waste lands which have been leased reverting to the Crown, may be lot, for not over 14 years, at an annual rent, per square mile, of 2s. 6d. for the first five years, and 5s. for the last nine years. S. Leases to be subject to taxes, conditions for protection of Aborigines, for public right of way, for Government search for minerals, and for all pur- poses of public defence, safety, improvement, con- venience, or utility. If stock required by clause 2 be not kept up, the lease may be forfeited. 9. The whole or any part of a run may be resumed fur public purposes alter six months notice ; in which case a proportionate part of the annual rent is to be returned to lessee. 10 and 11. On such resumption of a pasturage lease, the lessee may, within two months, claim lor improvements, the value of which is to be deter- mined by valuation. 12. Lessees failing to execute their leases and to pay rent within six months after notification of i'oadiness, will forfeit their leases at the option of the Government. 13. The settled districts include all lands here- after declared to be set apart as Port, Town,, or Country lots. The regulations for the sale in London and Adelaide of the 250,000 acres of couiitry lands, and 1,562 town lots, being of a temporary nature, ore not here set forth. They will be found (with the pre- 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 121 ceding regulations^ in extnuo at page 145 of the Emigration Commissioners' 24th Annual Report for 1864, printed for Parliament. The surveys of these lands not having been completed within the re(|uired period, the Legis- lature passed an Act, No. 23 of 1868, extendmg the time for selection for another period of five vears, at the same time doubling the area of country land granted under the preliminary land orders. During 1869 Mr. G. W. Goyder, Surveyor-General of South Australia, proceeded to the Northern Ter- ritory, and made the necessary survey. Early in 1870 Mr. Bloom fleld Douglas was ap- pointed Government Resident. An cxpuriinentnl garden has been laid out near Port Darwin, and various tropical products are progressing favorably. Pastoral Leases in Northern Territory. — The regulations for leases for pastoral purposes in the Northern Territory are dated the 20th of July 1871. Persons applying to the Government and de- scribing any country in the Northern Territory not previously applied for, aie entitled to a preferential right to a lease for 21 years of any portion thereof, in one block consisting of not less than 25 nor more than 300 square miles, at a peppercorn rent for the first seven years and 10». per square mile, payable in advance, for the remainder of the term, on condition of stocking the run before the lease is issued with three head of great cattle or 10 head of small cattle for every square mile. The disposal of pasture land in other parts of South Australia is governed by II Acts, viz.: No. 5 of 1847, No. 18 and No. 20 of 1858, No. 7 of 1861, No. 22 of 1862, and No. 13 of 1863 (Assessment of Stock), No. 8 of 1864, No. 8 of 1865-6, No. 16 and No. 20 of 1865-6, No. 12 of 1868-9 (Returns relating to Stock), and No. 17 (Renewal of certain Pastoral Leases) 33 Vict. 1869-70, first part. The holder of any purchased land within any Hun- dred not being within the limits of a District Council is entitled, under the Proclamation of the 29tli April 1868, should there be sufficient commonage avail- able, to A Depasturing Licence over the unappro- priated waste lands of the Crown within sucli Hundred, for two head of great cattle or twelve head of small cattle, for every five acres of purchased land. The licence must be applied for to the Commis- sioners of Crown lands, not later than 1st June in each year, and has a currency of 12 months from 1st July in each year. The fee payable is 3». for every head of great cattle, or six head of small cattle. The regulations of District Councils are subor- dinate to these regulation^. Pastoral leases are also granted, for 14 years of lands out of Himdreds, Bv an Act, No. 20, of 22 Vict. (1858), Crown lands for pasturage are to be divided into two classes, the lowest of which is to be assessed at 100 sheep per square mile, and the highest at 250 sheep. Leases are renewable, on expiry of first term of 14 years, for a further period of five years at a v- la tion. But by an Act, No.20,of 24&25 Vict. (1861), this division of land i nto classes and the fixed standard of grazing capability is done away with, and all land leased for pasture is, in future, to be assessed ac- cording to its grazing capabilities and situation. By a later Act, No. 22, of 1862, the Waste Lands arc divided, for pur])oses of assessment, into three classes, with certain boundaries: 1st class paying assessment according to valuation under former Act ; 2d class paying one half such assessment, and exempted from it for 7 instead of 4 years; 3d class exempted altogether until Parliament shall other- wise direct. Act No. 8 of 1864 provides that the value of use- ful and substantial improvements eilWctcd by lessees shall be allowed to them by a reduction in the amount of rent payable under such valuation. By an Act, No. 13 of 1863, the Ascessment on Pastoral lands may be reduced by the Governor, with the consent of the Executive Council, on the report of theValuator of Runs, if application for the purpose be made within 12 calendar months of the publication of the assessment. By Act No. 21 of 1867 lands north, north-cast, and west of Port Augusta are divided into districts A, B, and C. In A leases are obtainable for 14 yeors at a yearly rental of 3s. jier head on cattle and 6d. per head on sheep, the minimum rent being fixed at 1/. per mile; in B the leases are for 21 years at a yearly rental of 2s. per head for cattle and id. for sheep, the minimum rent being 8«. 6rf. per square mile ; in C the leases are also for 21 years, but the rental is Is. per head on cattle, and 2d. on sheep, the minimum rent being 2s. 6d. per square mile. The leases are without the right of renewal. The following is the substance of that part of Act No. 17 of 1869-70 (33 Vic.) which relates to the renewal of certain leases for pastoral purposes. 33 Vic. No. 17. Valuation of leases. — Un the pass- ing of the Act, the Commissioner of Crown lands is to cause to be made and published in ti;e Govern- ment Gazette a valuation of the estimated annual value per square mile, on a lease for 10 years, of the lands comprised in 101 leases specified in the first schedule to the Act, all which expire between .SOth June 1870 and 31 December 1873. H-j is also to have made and published a like valuation per square mile for 14 years of the lands comprised in 72 leaws specified in the 2nd schedule, all of which will have expired by 30 June 1878, and five of which expired on 31st December last, but, for the purpu -.s of the Act, are to be deemed as still subsisting —Sees. 4, 5, and 26. Appeal against valuation, — The lessees (sec. 6) may, within 21 days of the publication of the valua- tion, and on depositing with the Commissioners of Crown lands 25/. to meet costs, appeal against such valuation. These appeals (sees. 7, 9, and 16) are to be heard by a " valuation tribunal " composed of three persons, one appointed by the Governor with the advice of his Executive Council, one by the appellant, and the third to be chosen by the two others ; or the appeal, with the written consent of the appellant, may be heard by the Governor's appointee alone. v f-' i is *■; 1 iW 122 GOLD REGULATIONS, &c.— SOUTH AUSTRALIA. [1872. The valuation of the tribunal (which is empowered to take evidence on oath), if confirmed by the Oovemor in Council, is to be final. — Sec. 9. Surrender of existing leasei for new ones under the Act. — Any lessee (sec. 17) may, on giving notice to that effect within 28 days of the appearance of the Gazette notice, surrender his lease, and obtain a new one for 10 years, and the unexpired term of his old lease, if comprised in the 1st schedule, or if comprised in the 2nd schedule, then for 14 years, and half of his unexpired term. Conditions of new leases. — The new leases are all to commence on 1st July 1870, at the rent fixed by the valuation, and are to be subject to such condi- tions as may be prescribed by any regulations which the Governor in Council may establish under the power conferred on him by the S4th section of the Act. They are also to contain covenants to keep all buildings in good repair, and to insure against fire sucl. as are constructed of stone or brick, roofed with slate, iron, shingle or paling, and of a value of not less than 100/. If existing leases not surrendered new leases of the lands may he sold by auction. — If the lessees of the lands comprised in the 1st and 2nd schedules neglect to give notice of their desire to avail themselves of the benefit of the Act, leases of their lands may be put up to auction at tlie valuation as an upset price, for the term of 10 or 14 years, (according as the lands are within the 1st or 2nd schedule), com- mencing from the expiration of the existing lease. If not sold, tl)cy may, at intervals to be fixed by the Commissioner of Crown lands, be repeatedly put up to auction at upset prices successively reduced by 10 per cent, from that of the last occasion ; but in no case is a lease to be sold at a less annual rent than 10s. per square mile per annum — Sees. 21 and 23. Wells, dams, §•£•. to he paidfor.~-On the termination of pastoral leases not within hundreds, the lessees are to be paid out of the General Revenue for wells, dams, and reservoirs of a permanent character. Sec. 27. Leases within hundreds. — Leases of lands within hundreds are to be dealt with as other leases, except that they are to be for one year only, renewable from year to year, at the same rent and conditions, for the period of seven years. — Sec. 28. Compensation for improvements. — Provision is also made (sec. 32) for compensation for substantial im- provements made after 1st July 1870, on lands not being within hundreds, by adding the value of such improvements to the upset price of the land when sold, and (sec. 33) for fencing or enclosing lands comprised in district C. The second part of the Act relates to the procedure for enforcing payment of rents, and the observance of covenants contained in leases for pastoral or other purposes. Timber Lice nets are granted half yearl v, terminable on the SOth June and the 31st Decemoer, on pay- ment of a fee of 3/. Gold in small quantities has been discovered over nearly the whole of the settled districts ; but the only localities in which it has been found in paying quantities are the alluvial workings at Echunga, Jupi- ter Creek, Barossa, Mount Pleasant, and Blumburg, which have supported a moderate population for some years. Recently a large tract of^ country be- tween Blumburg and Mount Pleasant has been opened up for reefs with moderate success. Gold has also been found in small quantities in the northern territory. Gold Mining. Gold mining within the Colonyis regulated by Act No. 26 of 1870-1 (S3 & 34 Vict.) entitled " An Act to amend the laws relating to gold mining, and for other purposes." The Act is divided into four parts : — Pakt I. rcT'^als so much of the Act No. 18 of 1858 as relaico to making and altering regulations affecting the issue of gold licences ; and also an Act, No. 10 of 1865-6, for amending the laws relating to the leasing of the waste lands of the Crown for mineral purposes, saving, however, existing rights. (Sec. 2.) Miners' Rights. — Miners' rights are granted by'the warden to applicants, on payment of 5s., entitling the holder for 12 months to search or mine for gold upon any waste land, and to occupy a certain portion as a residence for the purpose oi mining. (Sees. 4 and 5.) Special Projecting Licences, entitling the holder to search for gold for three months on waste lands included in mineral leases, are issued on payment of a fee of 1/. (Sec. 6.) Business Licences, authorizing the holders for three months to occupy a quarter of an acre of land for the purpose of carrying on business on any gold field, are obtainable from the warden on payment of 1/. (Sec. 7.) Gold Leases. — The Governor may issue gold mining leases, and fix the amount of rent, for areas not ex- ceeding 40 acres. (Sec. 8.) Wardens. — The Governor is empowered to appoint wardens, whose duty it is to determine the extent and position of claims, to hear and determine disputes between holders of miners' rights and others, and to act as justices of the peace- (Sees. 11-13.) Part II. relates to occupation licences. Occupation Licences of half an acre of waste land may be granted to miners for seven years, at a rent not exceeding 10«. The licences are transfer- able and renewable until the land is alienated or resumed by the Crown for public purposes. If the land is alienated or resumed during the currency of the licence, the licensee is to be compensated. (Sees. 18, 19.) Persons residing on waste lands without a licence, or holding over after the determination of the licence, are liable to a penalty not exceeding 10^ Paat III.— Leases of lands containing coal or mineral oils. 1 [1872. 1872.] GOLD REGULATIONS, &c.— SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 123 The Governor may grant leases at a peppercorn rent, and for any term not exceeding IS years, of waste lands, not exceeding 10,000 acres in one block, for the purpose of minmg for coal, petroleum, or mineral oiL The lessees may at anv time, during the last 13 years of the term, purchase the land if not com- prised in any pastoral or mineral lease, at I/, an acre but the lease is forfeited if, within two years of its date, coal, petroleum, or mineral oil in payable quantities is not discovered tc exist (Sees. 22, 23.) The Governor in Council is authorized to make regulations, not being contrary to the provisions of the Act, for carrying out its provisions. (Sec. 26.) The fees and monies received under this Act, unless otherwise expressly appropriated, are to form part of the general revenue of the Colony. (Sec. 29.) Gold Mining Regulations. The following is a summary of the principal parts of the Gold-mining Regulations issued on the 10th of February 1871, m virtue of the above Act. All previous regulations on the subject are repealed, and the conditions and mode of'^ issue of mining claim.s, leases, and licenses prescribed. A raining claim is defined to be a parcel of land held for mining purposes by virtue of one miner's right. Any person taking possession of unsold or waste lands of the Crown for gold-mining purposes is required to erect a post at each angle ofthe boundary lines, and otherwise to mark out the claim. Ordinary quartz claims are not to exceed 100 yards in length on the supposed course of the reef by 250 yards in width, across such course. Prospecting quartz claims for discoverers of quartz reefs beyond 700 yards from the nearest occu- pied quartz claim are not to exceed an area of 200 yards m length by 250 ^ards in width. Ordinary alluvial claims are areas not exceeding 10 yards by 10 yards for each ))erson. Ordinary river or stream claims are a frontage of 20 yards on the course of a river or stream, and a depth of 20 yards on both banks. Prospecting alluvial claims secure to one or more licensed miners the right of search over areas vary- ing, according to their distance from known payable claims, from 100 yards by 50 yards each to 500 yards by 500 yards each, in localities five miles or more from any officially known worked diggings. Extended areas may be granted to any company for working alluvial or cement ground, according to the amount of subscribed and ^aid-up capital. The regulations contain provisions for water races, tail races, and other water rights, for dams, ma- chinery sites, puddling claims, &c.,and for residence and business sites. Applications for gold-mining leases are to be >nade to the warden. The area is not to be less than one acre, not more than 40 acres. Applicants must at the time of application deposit plans of the ground attested by a licensed surveyor, and the amount of the first year's rent at the rate of 10s. an acre. Public notice of applications must be given by marking out the ground with posts, by exhibiting a notice of the intended application on the ground to be leased, by giving notice to the occupant, and by advcrtieement in the newspapers. Improvements by previous holders must be paid for. If a lease is granted the holder must exhibit on the ground a painted board 3 feet square, showing the name of the company or holder of the lease, the time for which it has been granted, the number of men or machinery power to be employed, and the extent of the ground. The rent is payable yearly in advance. Leases may he terminated bv the lessees at three months notice, or may be forfeited for non-compliance with the foregoing conditions. Prospecting in the Murray Flats, With the view of encouraging the search for gold in the Murray Flats, an Act, No. 17 of 1870-1, has been passed to authorize, on payment of 100/., the right of search over the whole district, as defined in the schedule of the Act, and the issue of a lease for a portion not exceeding 10,000 acres, upon con- ditions to be fixc>d by the Governor in Council. (Sees, land 2.) The lease is to be for five years, at a pepper-corn rent, but the lessee is bound to expend 2,000/. in each year in actual mining for gold on the lands leased, and the lease may be de- termined by the lessee, after three months' notice. (Sees 4-6.) During the lease, the lessee has the right to purchase the block on payment of 5a., and proof of the expenditure of 10,000/. in mining for gold, exclusive of the cost of machinery, ma- nagement, direction, and supervision. (Sec. 7.) The right of making public roads is reserved during the term ofthe lease, and the Governor is prohibited from granting more than one block out of^ the lands referred to. (Sees, 9 and 10.) Mineral Lands. Occupation licenses. — Regulations for the issue of occupation licenses and leases of lands containing coal and mineral oils, dated 30th March 1871, have been issued by the Governor under the authority uf the Act No. 26, 1870-71. 33 & 34 Vict. Portions of land suitable for the purposes of occu- pation are to surveyed and laid out in blocks of half an acre each, of which licenses are granted to miners and others engaged in mining pursuits; or special surveys may be made of areas, not exceeding half an acre each, of any land which miners may desire to occupy for the purposes of residence. The rent is 10». per annum, payable in advance. The licenses are issued for seven years, renewable at the expiration of the period for a further tenn of seven years. Leases of land contairitig coal or mineral oils.— Persons desirous of searching in the waste lands for coal, petroleum, or any mineral oil, may receive a lease for not exceeding IS years, of 10,000 acres of land on furnishing proof of'^their intention to search. If within two years the lessee fails to satisfy the Governor of the existence in payable quantities of coal, petroleum, or some mineral oil, the lease will be forfeited ; but if these are found, the lessee has the right during the 13 remaining years of the lease to purchase the land at 1/. per acre. itr mmm lU Disposal of lands— western Australia. [1872. The following Table shows (he quantity of Crown lands sold and paid for within South Australia during each year from the first sales : — I>urohH« monsT received Year. Aorei. in the colony. 1837 1838 " 563) 9,972; " - £13,566 4 1839 - - 122,.505 - • 122,505 1840 . 2,446 - - 2,446 1841 - 7,331 - • 7,331 2 184i2 . - 17,001 J - - 17,001 10 1843 - 598 - . 613 13 1844 . 3,428 - - 5,566 13 1845 - 49,658 - - 62,902 8 1846 . 37,682 - - 76,874 8 1847 . 33,096 - - 35,428 18 1848 . 28,914 - 31,476 13 1849 . 54,957 - . 58,577 17 1850 • 62,237 - - 86,557 15 1851 . 81,092 - - 87,242 14 1852 . 85,362 - . 97,059 8 1853 - - 211,985 - - 290,324 6 1854 - - 212,846 - - 376,224 8 1855 . - 170,730 - - 232,864 13 1856 - - 187,251 - 235,260 3 1857 • - 178,0864 - . 215,500 18 1858 . - 158,015 . 197,820 16 1859 . - 188,065 . 211,574 11 1860 . - 129,345 - . 157,522 1861 - - 147,661 J - - 189,361 7 1862 . - 129,910 - - 148,695 8 3 1863 . ~ 160,497 - 182,467 9 1864 . - 224,193 - 265,492 5 1865 - - 816,585 - 510,540 3 1866 . - 214,4291 - - 322,429 16 1867 - - 144,020 - 163,787 4 1868 - - 199,693 - - 224,458 1869 . - 182,291 - 217,173 0* 1870 otals - 115,876 - - 131,360 2 ot rand t - 4,068,067 £5,566,209 6 The average price of all Crown lands sold during 1852 was U. 7s. 3d. per acre; in 1853—1/. 12s. 3d.; in 1854—1/. 18*. 3d. ; in 1855—1/. lOs. 85d. ; in 1856—1/. 5». 5Jd. ; in 1857—1/. 4». 24d. ; in 1858— 1/. 5». 4J'sd. ; in 1859—1/. 4». 5d. ; in 1860—1/. 4«. 4d. ; in 1861— 1/. 5s. 7d ; in 1862— 1/. 3». 6d. ; in 1863— 1/. 2s. Sjd ; in 1864—1/. 3s. 8Jd. ; in 1865—1/. 12». 3d.; in 1866—1/. 10s. 0|d. ; in 1867—1/. 2s. 8|d. ; in 1868— 1/. 4«. 7d. ; in 1869—1/. S». lOd. 5 and in 1870—1/. 5«. 4|d. Lands sold on Credit. Year. Area. Interest received. Amount of Purchase Money. 1899 1870 40,769 90,170 14,414 15 20,730 6 72,008 5 6 108,080 12 6 Totals 130,035 35,146 1 175,718 18 * Exclusive of 40,769 acres purchased on credit far 72,008/. t Exclusive of 84,179 acres purchased on credit for 07,402;. Western Australia. By the Government Land Regulations, dated Perth, 20th August 1864, and which are printed in extenso at page 264 of tiie Emigration Com- missioners' Annual Report for 1865, the Crown lands are to be divided into four separate classes — Town, Subuiban, Country, and Mineral. Country lands arc to be sold at a fixed price of lOs. an acre, and in lots of not less than 40 acres. Smaller lots to be charged an additional price. Town and Suburban lots are to be sold by auction. The size and upset price to be fixed by tlic Governor. One-tenth of the purchase money has to be paid at the time of sale, and the rest within one calendar month. The lands are to be surveyed and mapped previous to the sale by auction, and all auctions are to be advertised within three calendar months of the intended sale. Lands may be purchased in England. — Purchases may be efTccted in this country by depositing any sum for that purpose, with the Agents General for Crown Colonies (5a, Spring Gardens, London, S. W.), whereupon the Emigration Commissioners on notice thereof will grant a certificate of such deposit; which certificate will be received, as equivalent to the amount of money therein expressed, in payment of any Crown land purchased in the Colony, either by public auction or fixed price. Military and Naval Settlers. — A remission in purchase money is allowed to military and naval officers according to the scale, and subject to the conditions stated at page 166. Title Deeds, §"c. — I'he fee for preparing and enrolling all Deeds of Grant is 1/. Mineral Lands, — The regulations respecting mineral lands are contained in a proclamation of the Governor, dated 17th of January 1865, of which the following are the leading features. They are to be sold in lots of not less than 80 nor more than 160 acres each, at the fixed price of 3/. per acre, payable in three equal instalments ; the first at the time of application, and one in each of the two fol- lowing years. Prospecting Licences. — Prospecting Licences are granted for one year, subject to renewal for a second year at the option of the Governor, on payment in advance of a rent at the rate of 2s. per acre for the first year, and of 4s. for the second. No such licence will be granted for a smaller sum than 8L No minerals, ores, or soil to be removed from the land beyond reasonable specimens or samples. Licences may be exchanged tor mining leases for any period not exceeding ten years, at the rent of 8s. per acre, payable in advance. Leases and licences are trans- ferable with the approval of the (lovernor, on pay- ment of a transfer fee of 20s. in the case of a lease and 10«. in the case of a licence. Lessees and licencees are not entitled to compen- sation for improvements or for outlay. But the land comprised within the lease or licence shall not be j [1872. 1872.] LEASES OF PASTURE LANDS— WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 125 sold during the holdins, except with the consent in writing of the lessee orlicencee. The Regulations for Pattoral Licences and JHUage Lea$e$, and under which the newly opened North and East Districts are to be occupied, are as follows : Failure Licences, — For pastoral purposes the lands (except those in the north and east districts) arc divided into classes A and B. Class A is to comprise all lands near the settled districts, the sea-coast, and certain rivers ; — all unappropriated land received into Class A by proclamation of the Governor, — and all unsold por- tions of Class B leases, or tillage leases, within the outer limits of Class A vacant by forfeiture, abandonment, or the efflux of time. Class B to comprehend all other lands in the colony. In class A the Governor may, if he sees fit, grant Pastoral Licences, not exceeding one year, at a yearly rent of 2«. per 100 acres, for sections of 1,000 acres and upwards. Half rent charged for Licences issued auer 30th June in any year, but no Licence is to be issued for a less sum than 1/. No renewal of the Licence is to be claimable as a right, but Licences for the succeeding year may be granted preferably to existing holders. The lands under Licence are to be subject to resumption for public purposes, or to general selection for purchase, without compensation to the Licensee. A pur- chaser or holder of not less than 10 acres within the limits described in Class A to have the right of depasturing within 'such limits (so long as let for pastoral purposes only) horned cattle or horses (not bulls or stallions,) at the rate of 1 head per 10 acres. Purchasers of land to have no claim for trespass by stock on lands not properly fenced. No compen- sation for improvements upon lands held under annual licence. Within class B, the Governor, if he thinks fit, may grant Pastoral I^eases, not exceeding eight years, for quantities of land not exceeding 10,000 acres, at a rent, for each run, of 61. per annum, with an addition of 10s. per annum tot every 1,000 acres comprised in the lease. No right of renewal, how- ever, is to be conveyed by any Lease of Lands in class B, but Leases or Licences will be granted preferentially under certain conditions to existing Lessees. Any Lessee having a right of pre-emption will be entitled to exercise it at the rate of 10s. an acre for land not mineral nor less in quantity than 40 acres, within the 1st year of the lease ; and may within the same period select as a homestead not exceeding two acres for every 100 in his run, with the same right of pre-emption within three years. Lands under lease are to be open for purchase generally after the 1st year, and homestead lands after the 3rd year. Improvements to be paid for by purchasers not exceeding the actual outlay. Pur- chasers are to have the right of depasturing horned cattle and horses, (not bulls or stallions,) in propor- tion of 1 head per 10 acres, subject to the pre- emptive right of lessees, and the right of the Crown to sell, or let on tillage lease. No claim for trespass by stock to be allowed unless the land is fenced. For lands in Class B, reduced by purchase or other- wise to 1000 acres, a corresponding abatement to be made in the rent. No right of renewal allowed. The Governor may make grants or sales for public pur- poses of land in Class B. Any person, except lessees under the Order in Council o» iia March IHtiO, can purchase the land under lease, not being inincral, with the written consent of the lessee. But without such consent purchases can bo effected at 10». iin acre only at the end of any complete year of the leascand subject to the pre-emptive right of the lessie; which must be exercised within 60 days after notice of the intended purchase. Tt may be noted that there were 16,854,818 acres of land let on lease for pastoral purposes in Western Australia on the 31st December 1868. Tillage Leases. — The regulations, of which the following is the substance, are contained in the Go- vernor's Proclamation dated Perth, 20th August 1864. Throughout the whole colony, except as to lands included within any public reserve, or within the limits described in a class B lease, without written consent of the lessee thereof, the Governor is au- thorized to grant Tillage Leases for 8 years certain, without auction, of lot's not exceeding 320 acres of land. The annual rent is not to be less than 5/. in the whole, or Is. per acre. If any portion of the land under lease be purchased or resumed for public purposes the rent is to be pro- portionally abated, provided it be not reduced below 5/. Lessees in actual occupation, or any one with their consent, are to have the right of purchasing part of such lands (not being mineral, nor less than 40 acres), at the current price for country lands. No lands under tillage lease to be sold except to lessee, or with his written consent. Land not occu- pied or improved during 12 calendar months may be declared by Governor to be forfeited. On deter- mination of any lease, by forfeiture or otherwise, the lands and all improvements revert unconditionally to the Crown. North and East Districts, As regards lands situated in the north and cast Districts, the conditions of occupation are embodied in the following Regulations contained in the Governor's Proclamation of the 20th August 1864. " The portions of Western Australia affected by these regulations shall be designated: — «' First. The North District, bounded on the west and north by the seocoast, including the islands adjacent to it, and on the south by the River Mur- chison, and by a true east line through the summit of Mount Murchison. " Second. The East District will be comprised between th' longitudes 121 and 129 degrees east, and betwe n the latitude SO degrees south and the South coast, including the adjacent islands. << 2. The land in these districU shall be divided into classes A and C ; — class A land being for Annual Licence, and those in class C for more extended occupation. Class A shall comprise all land within two miles of the seacoast, including the adjacent islands, and Class C shall be the remainder. m Pi ' DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— WESTERN AUSTRALIA. [1872. " 3. PermiAsion to proceed to the North or East District' for the purpose of occupying land under these Hegulutions shall bcobtained by making appli- cation in the form given in the appendix to the regulations. Such permission shall be valid for twelve months from its date. " 4. Free pasturage for the stock enumerated in an anplicatiun, and fur their natural increase, shall be allowed on the unappropriated lands of the districts referred to, for the space of twelve months from the (lute of their arrival therein ; and within this period, runs not exceeding (100,000) one hundred thousand acres for any one establishment, may be selected in one uniform shape, and be reported for approval. " 5. Any person claiming such a run shall forward to the Surveyor General, with his application for the same, a certificate, signed by some credible person, of the date on which the stock enumerated in the Governor's permission to proceed to such district actually arrived therein cither by land or water. «' 6, On the Governor's approval of such selection and certificate, a Licence, free of rent, and not trans- ferable, shall be issued for the occupation of the land selected for the term of three years, to commence from the end of the twelve months last mentioned. " 7. At any time within the three years last named, the lawful occupant of any run shall be permitted to select within such run loU of land not exceeding 20,000acres each. Any such selections of class C i'and shall, on approval, be granted on pastoral lease for eight years, to commence from the 1st January next following the date of application; and similar selec- tions of class A land within a run shall on approval be granted on annual licence, subject to renewal from year to year, at the option of the Government. " 8. Class C leases shall be chargeable with one fee of 5/. each at their commencement, together with 5s. per 1 ,000 for the m;reage therein, for each of the first four years, and 10s. per 1,000 acres for each of the second four yeaj-s. Class A licences shall be charged at the same rates for acreage, but no licence fee. All payments to be in advance. " 9. Leases and Class A licences shall be trans- ferable while chargeable with rent, on its being shown to the satisfaction of the Governor that the lands described in them have been properly stocked. " 10. Runs or leases may be resumed either wholly or in part, for public purposes, or for sale, on giving twelve months notice ; but compensation shall in such case be given, according to valuation or agree- ment, for any lawful improvements existing on the lands described in a lease chargeable with rent at the time of giving such notice. "11. During the free occupation of a run, and during the first year of a lease, the lawful occu- pant of the same shall be allowed a right to cultivate ; but no claim for damages by trespass of stock shall be admissible, unless the land trespassed upon shall at the time of trespass be properly fenced. "12. In all other respects, the disposal and tenure of the Crown lands, in the North and Eands as he may think fit for sale by auciion, or may withdraw such land from sale or selection. He may also sell at 10s. an acre to the owner of any contiguous land anj^ small piece not exceeding 80 acres lying between it and any block, line, creek, river, or road. 32. Superintendent to notify time from which country lands shall be oncii for sale. Written appli- cations for purchase then tc >jv sent to Commissioner. 83. Form of application. 34. Purchase money (at the rate of 10«. per acre) to be prepaid, and receipt annexed to application. 35. Commissioner, on receipt of application, to make a minute thereof. 86 and 37. Minutes to be numbered consecutively, and Minute Book to be open to inspection. Foe ]«. 38 and 39. Applications not to be opened until .he day appointed. 40 and 41. if only one applicant, he is to be deemed the purchaser ; but if two or more applicants for same land, the lot is to be put up to au-.'tion among such applicants at 10s. per acre. 42. The unsuccessful party to receive an orde^ for the return of his purchase money. 43. After day fixed, unsold lands to be open for sale to first applicant. 44. Form of application for unsold land. Appli- cant to produce receipt for purchase money. 45. Commissioner to malce minute of application. 46. When minute made purchaser to be entitled to a Grown grant. 17. Any application for general country land is rot to compnse less than 40 acres. The 1' t is >c be of rectangular form with a depth, where practicable, when fronting on a road, river, lane, or coast, of not less than three times the length of such frontage. 48, 49, and 50. Contain provisions for surveys either by the Government or the purchaser, at the option of the former. 51. Empowers the government to reserve without compensation, 5 per cent, of the land sold for laying out roads if none jxist ; — such rights to be exercised within five years, otherwise compensation to be made to owner of land. 52. General country lands of special value, as containing minerals, may be sold by auction. 53. Lands not disposed of withm three months from the date of their being thrown open for selec- tion may be put up to auction at not less thaa 2s. 6d. per acre. Land for fecial Settlement. 54. The Superintendent may, by Proclamation, set apart blocks of land for bodies of immigrants not fewer than 50 in number, above 18 years ot age. 55. Such lands are to be sold exclusively' to the immigrants, subject to the terms applicable to Town, Suburban, and General cou>u:'v Iduus, as the Super- intendent may think fit. 56. Superintendent may revoke such proclama- tions. Public Worhs. 57 to 60. Persons desirous of executing public works of utility and satisfying the Superintendent of the expediency of such works, may, a^ soon as the work is properly completed in accordance with the approved specifications, obtairi land scrip to the extent of half the value of the work performed, such value to be fixed by a competent person appointed by the Superintendent. The scrip is to be available as cash at any time within three months for the purchase of Town, Suburban, jr General country land open for sale. 61, 62, and 63. Superintendent may also issue Ij^nd scrip to the full value of public works per- ■SB ■"in 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— AUCKLAND. 181 formed under the Highways Act, 1867, and in pay- ment for land under the Compulsory Lands Title Act, 1866, for roadn or public r orks ; but no more than 250 acres is to be granted to any person, unless in Payment of work for which a vote has been passed by the Pr( 'incial (Council, nor is more than 2,000 acres in the aggregate to be granted in any one year without the special sanction of the Provincial CkiunciL Naval and Military Settlers. 64. Grants of land muy be made to Naval and Military settlers who within 12 months prior to the 1st March 1867 may have bond fide retired from Her Majesty's service, with a view of settling in New Zealand, notwithstanding they may not have applied for a land order prior to that date. The extent of the Grant is to be regulated by Auckland Waste Lands Act, 18)8. [N.B!— By that Act the grants are 400 acres to commissioned officers, 80 acres to non-com- missioned and warrant officers, and CO acres to private soldiers, marines, and seamen.] Officers Eoing to New Zealand on duty arc not entitled to and Orders, The provisions in favour of naval and military officers contained in the Act have been repealed by subsequent Acts; viz., 27 Vict. No. 29, as re- gards Wellington and Hawkes Bay ; 30 Vict. No. 23, as regards Auckland ; 29 Vict. No. 60, as regards Taranaki, formerly New Plymouth. So that no privileges are uow granted to naval and military settlers in any part of New Zealand. Occvpation of Waste Lands. 65. Rules in the Schedule respecting pasture and timber licences to remain in force. 6e. Commissitmer under the Act to have the same powers as Commissioners of Crown Lands under previous resfulations. 67. /*'.wers vested in the Governor by the Waste Lands Act, 1338, to remain vested in him. 68. Term Superintendent shall mean "Superin- tendent with the advice and consent of the Execu- tive Council." 69. Powers and duties of Commissioner of Crown Lands or Wardens under Ordinances No. 1. of Session 10, and No, 10. Session 11, in relation to the management of Crown Lands within the limits of a hundred may, after the establishment of any high- way district, be delegated by the Commissioner of Crown Lands to the Road Board. The amending Act of 1869(31 & 32 Vict. c. 28.) relaxes the conditions of land orders issued in con- sideration of passages by substituting as the condi- tion of a grant, residence in the province for three years, instead of hona fide occciipation for two years. It allows to cef.ain school teachers the grants to which they would have been entitled after teaching for 5 years in a common s. hool. It limits to 10,000 acres ^he extent of land that may be set apart for special settlement in any one year. It revokes the power of uelling the whole or part of a run during the currency oi' a lease, so long as the rents of runs are devoted to the endowment of common schools, and it prohibits the withdrawal of any lands once notified for sale by auction exctpt upon a resolution of the Provincial Council. The Auckland Waste Lands Act of 1870, S3 & 34 Vict,, No, 52,. repeals so much of the Act of 1867 as offers 40-acre land orders to adult immigrants whr pay the cost of their own passages to the Colon- , and establishes instead a system of free grant; jf land on condition of residence and cultivation. The following are the leading provisions o' the Acton870;— Free Grants — The waste lands of the Crown, after being trigonometrically surveyed, and main lines of road laid off, may by proclamation be thrown open for bon& fide settlement. Sects. 2 and S. Any persons may then take possession and hold, subject to the Waste Lands Regulations, and to the condi- tioiis specified below, 40 acres in respect of each occupant of 18 years or upwards. Not more than fiOO acres, however, can be held by any number of persons in one household. Sect. 4. The occupants must, within six months of taking possession, lodge with the Waste Lands Commissioner an application for the land, with a plan prepared by an approved surveyor, which are to be recorded ou the record map of the district. The Commissioner is then to grant to the app' ant a certificate of occupation. Sects. 5 and 6. Three years continuous occupation by the appli- cants, or their adult substitutes, and the cultivation of at least one-fifth of the land, entitle them to a Crown grant. But this can be obtained within the three years, on proof to the satisfaction of the Waste Lands Commissioner that the whole of the land is fenced and cultivated, and a dwelling-house erected thereon. The cost of the Crown grant is in cither case to be paid by the occupants. Sects. 7 and 8. Certificates of occupation are transferable by in- dorsement after one year's occupation j but they become void if the original occupants or their sub- stitutes cease to occupy the land. Sects. 9 and 10. Disputed (questions as to bond fide occupation, or ful filment of conditions, are to be conclusively deter- mined by two or more justices. Sect. 11. Where some of the original party of occupants fail to keep up a continuous occupation, the Waste Lanri.-i Commissioner is to decide what portion of the luna i^ to be cut off, leaving with those who con- tinue in occupation all buildings and land in culti- vation. Sect. 12. If A certificate holder uic: before the issue of s Grown ^rant, his rij^hts devolve on his appointee ; and, failing an anpointment, on bis »ersoMa/ repre- sentatives; and railing them, on the person or persons in actual occupation ; and failing them, the land reverts to the Crown. Siect, 14. The Crown grant must be applied for within one year after the expiiy of the three years occupancy, otherwise the land (except such portion as mitythen be built upon or be in actual occupation) is fot^ felted. Sect. 15. Sect. 17 repeols sects. £1 to 29, both IncIusiTe, of the Auckland Waste Lands Act, 1867, which granted land orders to emigrants from the United Kingdom, and elsewhere, who paid their own passages. The remainder or the Act of 1870 empowers the local authorities to tak - land, whether before or after its sale by ^« «jrown, for roads ( to Usee by r i. I I I I I i2 (Kyjj j ffin ywwt^rBrgSBffy? ^ 182 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— NEW ZEAI/AND. [1872. I! !- ■ public tender for seven yca.v the right to cut fl depasture their cattle on the waste lands of the Crc wn within such district, at a rate not exceeding 2s. 6d. per head. Pattoral and Timber Lice.'ces. — Licences to be granted for occupation of pastoral runs for 14 years, on condition,— (l) that on any part of the run which may subsequently be included in a hun- dred, or (2) which may be sold or selected under Land Orders, the Licence shall cease ; and (3) if the annual fees be in arrear for six months, the Licence shall be forfeited, and the Run be let by auction. The annual fee is 5/., if the estimated de- pasturing capacity of the Run does not exceed 600 sheep or 100 head of large cattle, and 51. for every additional number of 600 sheep or 100 head of cattle. Timber Licences, the extent of which is to be defined by the Land Commissioners, to be issued at a yearly fee of 51. Licensees who have made improve- ments to be allowed to transfer their licences. No person to be allowed to cut timber reserved for public purposes. All annunl Licences are to expire on the last day of each year. Licences applied for after the 1st of June in each year to be charged only half the usual i'ees. Bat of Islands Settlement. The "Bay of Islands Settlement Act, 1858," (21 & 22 Vict., No. 79,) is repealed by the " Bay of Islands Settlement Act, 1870," 33 & 54 Vict. No. 63, and the unsold lands within the Settlement are to be dealt with and disposed of as Crown Lands in the province of Auclcland. But no lands in tht; Set- tlement are to be proclaimed under the second sec- tion of the "Auckland Waste Lands Act, 1870." The equitable rights or interests of individuals, if any, are saved. New Zealand Settlement Acts. By the New Zealand Settlements Act, 1863, the Governor in Council may, from time to time, re- serve or take, for the purposes of settlement, land belonging to any native tribe, or section of a tribe, which, subsequent to the 1st January 1863, may have been engaged in a rebellion ; but compensation is to be granted to all persons claiming anv title or interest in such lands, except those who have been engaged as principals or accessories inany degree in levying war or carryingarms against Her Majesty. By an amend- ing Act, No. 66. of 1865, the Governor's power of taking lands from rebellious tribes is not to be exer- cised after the 3rd December 1867. Lands which have been acquired under the Act of 1863 are, by the New Zealand Settlements Act Amendment Act of 1866, required to be sold or disposed of under regu- lations to be made by the Governor in Council, and published in the New Zealand Gazette. The Gover- nor has, accordingly, published a set of regulations, dated the Ilth of May 1871, which repeal all previous legulationiand of which the following is the sub- stance. The Commissioners to be appointed under the regu • lations, are empowered, after setting apart land sulB- 'lon!?|at ■.ere. .vi. price cient for the location of military ond other settlers, to divide the remaining lands into four classes : — 1 . Town land. 2. Suburban land. 3. Rural land. 4. Mineral land. All lands to be sold shall be sold by auction, and must be previously surveyed. The terms of pur- chase are one fourth deposit at time of sate, and the remaininry three fourths within three months after sale. If the second payment is not made within the proper time the deposit shall be forfeited and the sale void. Town lands shall be sold in qtv.-.l ""ic an upset price which shall be lesn .i' d . c Suburban lands shall be snid i n which shall not be less than 3/. per acr;-. Rurol lands shall be sold at an iipset price of from 5». to 40*. ])er acre. Provided that lands supposed to contain minerals otiier than gold, may be put up for sale at a much higher price. Town, suburban, and rural lands thut have been put up for sale and not sold may be purchased at he ujjset price if not specially withdrawn. _ Licences can be obtained to cut and remove timber from lands (described in licence) the fee not being !ess than at the rate of 51. for twelve months. Licences for pasturing purposes and licenses to occupy reserves arc also issued. Lands bearing or fit for the cultivation of New Zealand flax may be leased (after survey) by auction with a right of "purchase of one tenth part of such land at any time during the lease, the tenth part to include buildings and homestead. I'he leas>? shall in no case exceed 21 years, nor shall the ap ■ of the block leased exceed 600 acres. The pri'-' i' the one tenth part shall be fixed by the Gover' m ■ and the annual rent shall not be less than fi' p. cent, upon the amount so fixed for such tenth pflr,', nor less than one per cent, upon the valuo ffv^oJ ^ in like manner of the remaining niup *i.iiths of the land one fourth of which compound rental shall be paid at the time of sale of lease. The price in neither case shall be less than 2l. per acre. The lease shall contain covenants (to be fixed by Go- verment) to dress a definite number of tons of flaj; in proportion to the amount of land leased. On the lessee's failing to perform any of the covenants of th > lease, Government may put an end to it by giving the lessee one month's notice, the les.-:ce not having any claim on account of improvem^ . ■, &c. Licences to cut flax aloije may be gl' ■ " j.* sMch terms us may be determined. A fee of 2/. shall be paid on each lease anif ' ' •„■;■. each licence. Land orders and scriu issued by the Plymouth Co. of New Zcp-liT'^ o' the Ilew Zealand Co. muy be e.Lrcis: i' ip. iiie piji«.'ii.we of confiscated lauds. Land swfjp may 'Jf • ""o issued in payment to perstms vno Jiavc c* ist.jcted Public Works, pro- vided thrt no greater sum shall be paid in land to any one pf^rson than 300/. in anyone year, and that the total sum so to be paid within one year shall not cxceeG 5,000/., except by special authority of the Governor in Council. 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— TAR ANAKI, WELLINGTON. 133 Provikck or Taranaki (formerly New Plymouth). The Land Regulations of this province are con- tained in a Proclamation of the Governor, dated 20th October 1855. Surveyor General to survey districts in which native title has been extinguished ; or, where that is impossible, such portions as the Superintendent in Council may indicate. The Governor to take out reserves for military and other purposes. L8''.d to be divided into rural sections and town sites. Rui-».l sections not to exceed 240 acres, an'^ one half of rural land to be divided into 100 acre sections. Town sections not to exceed quarter of an acre. Maps of land open for purchase to be deposited with Commissioner of Crown Lands, and to be open for inspection one month before sale. One 20th of dis- trict, and a belt round each town site to be reserved as an endowment for public education. Unalienated lai.di in town of New Plymouth, and i n other speci- fied pl.'*ces to be Education Reserves. Ministers and Trustees of Religious Bodies may obtain land not exceeding 10 urrcs n licence of the land or any part or it for seven years to any other person, subject to the existing Land Regulations, and at such rent (not less than ^. per acre) as the Provincial Council may sanction. 8 .>ct. 3. Applicants for runs < ' t.-dcre descriptions, and pay deposits. Application registered and register to be open to the , and description to be published in the Govek . .t Gazette. The Commissioners to decide on a., applications and on all objections and disputes. No objections to be heard, except within three montlis of above publica- tion. Notice to'he given in Gazette of time of hearing objections. Occupation licences to be issued for 14 years ; but occupation to cease of any part which may subsequently be included in a reserve, or may be sold. The annual reut to be — For first 4 years - ^d. per acre. For next 5 „ - id. „ For last 5 „ - Id. „ An arrear of three months, or, in case of death, of six months, to operate as forfeiture. Runs to be stocked in certain proportions. Interest in them transferable. Occupier to have ri^ht of pre-emption of Homestead. Special Settlements, — Dkferred Payments. The "Special Settlements Act, 1871," empowers the Superintendent, with the advice of his Executive Council, to proclaim and set apart out of the waste lands of the Crown, one or more blocks, not ex- ceeding in the whole 50,000 acres, for sale on deferred paymenti, and also to set apart out of the waste lands, the native tide of which has been extinguished, any block or blocks not exceeding in the whole 100,000 acres for special settlement on such terms as the Governor in Council may sanction. But in this latter case the land is not to be sold at a less price than land of a similar description sold under the existing land regulations, and the proceeds are to be su^ect to existing liens. — Sects. 2 and 18. Price and Quantity. — The price of lands sold on deferred payments is to be determined by the Su- perintendent and Council between the liraitd of 20«. and 4C«. per acre, both inclusive. No one is to be allowed to purchase less than 40 or more than 200 acres in any jne block. Applications for pur- chase are to be :aade in the form prescribed in the Act, accompanied by a deposit of one fiftli of the price. If there be more than one applicant for the same lot, the land is to be put up to general auction and sold to the highest bidder ; and if not sold it may be purchased next day at the upset price, the previous applications to be deemed as lapsed. The deposits of unsuccesbful applicants are to be returned. Successful applicants receive a licence to occi<.py, subject to the conditions of building a house of the value of 10^ at least, and of fencing, or cropping one tenth of the land (sect. 4). If at the end of two years these conditions are reported by an officer appointed for tlie purpose, to have been fulfilled, the purchaser will be entitled to the land after payment of the residue of the purchase money by four equal a'.mual instalments. But if the con- ditions be not fulfilled, or any of the instalments are 30 days in arrear, the land, improvements, and money previously paid are forfeited. Provision is made for an appeal to the Resident Magistrate's Court {u;ainst unfavourable reports by the officer. When the whole of the purchase money is paid, a Crown grant is issued on payment of the fees and charges fixed by the Land Transfer Act, 1870, sects. 5 to 12. Forfeited lands, and the improvements thereon are to be sold by auction for cash at not less than 20s. per acre, sect. 13. Until the whole of the purchase money is paid, the interest in the land is not assignable in law or in equity, nor capable of being incumbered or taken in execution ; but with the assent of the Commissioner of Crown Lands, the purchaser, or in case of bankruptcy, insolvency, his assignee ma^ provide a substitute to whom a new licence will be issued on parent of a fee of IL, and the cancellation of the original licence, sects. 14, 16. Blocks can be set aside for Special Settlements for not longer than three years from the date of the Proclamation, and they cannot again be set aside for that purpose, sect. 19. The Superintendent and Council may contract with any person or company for the settlement of blocks ; and may empower the Agent General of the Colony in Great Britain to make contracts for settling the land so set apart. They may also, with the sanction of the Agent General, allow a commission, not exceeding 5 per cent., to any person not resident in the Province of Wellington, who may negotiate the sale of any lands under the Act, or under any land regulations in force in the province, sects. 20-22. Act 35 Vict. 1871, No. 18, makes it lawful for the Superintendent of the Province to increase the price of land in respect of public money paid on account of rates levied under the Highways Act of 1871, and to withdraw from sale any waste lands he may tliink it not expedient to sell. Phovikce of Nelson. The Land Regulations of this Province are con- tained in a Consolidating Act of the General As- sembly, 27 Vict. No. 39 of 1863, and in an amending Act of 1870, 33 & 34 Vict. No. 54. The following is the substance of the first Act, which is called the "Nelson Waste Lands Act, 1863." Establishes a waste land board, to consist of the Su- perintendent, the Commissioner of Crown Lands, and the Speaker of Council. Business to be con- ducted by the Commissioner of Crown Lands. Reserves to be made for town sites, suburban sec- tions, gold districts, roads and internal communica- tions, drainage, quays, school Kites, ]>ublic institu- tions, cemeteries, public parks, &c, and generally for public purposes. One twentieth in each dis- trict to be set apart for educational endowment, and proceeds applied by Central Board of Education, vested in Superintendent. Governor to make reserves for military or civil service purposes. Roads, subject to certain specified conditions, to be mmmmmmmmmmaamm 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— NELSON. 186 laid out, surveys to be made, and province to be divided into counties, hundreds, and parishes. Sections to be laid out in convenient forms, and of sizes to be determined by Waste Land Board. Rural lots to be not less than 10 nor more than 320 acres. Province to be divided into blocks of 10 miles square, each block to be represented on a separate map, on which lands reserved and sold are to be marked. Maps and schedules of land for sale to be open to the public. The LaiiJ Board to classify lands under four heads: — Town Land, Suburban, Mineral, Rural. All lands to be sold by auction. The upset price of town, suburban, and mineral land to be deter- mined by Land Board. Upset price of rural land from 5«. to 40». per acre, to be fixed in like manner. But if lands improved by road making or other public works, a higher upset price may be named. No land to be sold until surveyed and mapped, and until a month after advertisement in Government Gazette. Applicants for land in unsurveyed districts may be allowed to have such land surveyed and put up to auction. If bought by any other than applicant the expense of survey to be repaid to him. One tenth of purchase money to be paid down, and balance within one month. Lands put up and not sold may, within three years, be purchased at upset price, or the highest price bid for them at auction. Sects. 25 to 32 and Sect. 37. N.B. — Lands applied for under the S2nd or 35th sections may by the 3rd section of the Amending Act, 1870, be withheld from sale, and reserved for other purposes, under the principal Act of 1863. Native sellers to be allowed to repurchase por- tions of their land at assessed value. Ltyids not open to sale may be purchased at 2l. per acre, and if beyond the limits of survey the cost of survey must be borne by the purchaser. Occupiers of runs to have pre-emption of Home- stead not exceeding 80 acres. If required he must exercise this right within three months after notice. If homestead not purchased by him, but put up to auction and purchased, value of improvements to be paid to occupier. Possession of land within a run purchased by any other than the occupier may be delayed three months to enable occupier to remove his property. Land may be reserved and given in payment for large public works, such as trunk roads, railroads, har- bours, and docks, to the extent of oneacre for every li sterling autliorized by the Provincial Act as payment for such work ; and tor &»*"'• ;~ublic works to an ex- tent not exceeding 150/. to any oneperson in one year, nor exceeding 2,000/. in the whole in any one year except under legislative authority. Reserves for these purposes to expire within a year, unless a longer time allowed for the completion of the work for which they were made. Sects. 41 to 45. Persons entitled to compensation for land taken from them for roads or other public works to receive a certificate for the amount to be available for the purchase of other public land. Sect. 46. The regulations in respect to pasture lands are contained in the " Crown Lands (Nelson) Leasing Act, 1867," 31 Vict. No. 51, and in the Crown Land (Nelson) Leasing Act of 1869, 32 & 33 Vict. No. 30. The first Act, alter repealing the Leasing Act of 1865, No. 65., and sections 47 to 59, both inclusive, of the '• Nelson Waste Lands Act,1863," provides (sec. 5) that leases for 14 years of unoccupied Crown Lands not suitable fir agricultural purposei, may be granted by the Commissioner of Crown Lands. The fee on the issue of a lease (section 16) is S0«. No lease (section 10) is to contain less than 50 nor more 10,000 acres. The rent (sections 11, 12, and 27) which is to be payable in advance on the 1st January in each year, is to be at the rate of 5/. for every lOOt. of the declared value of the lands as assessed by the Waste Lands Board. The lessee (section 18) may determine the lease at the end of any current year upon g'ving six months previous notice in writing. Tlie lease may be renewed imce for a second term of 14 years at double the former rent. All mines and minerals (section 20) under the the leased land are reserved to the Crown. The Waste Lands Board may exclude (section 23^ from lease any lands which they may think suitable to be reserved under any Acta in force relating to Crown lands ; and the Governor in Council may proclaim any leased land (except the Homestead not exceeding 80 acres) to be a reserve, in which case at the expiration of two years, and on compensation to the lessee to be determined by arbitration, the lease is to cease as to such reserve. The lease (section 25) is transferable if the condi- tions have been fulfilled up to the time, and notice given to the Commissioner of Crown lands within a month of the transfer. The Transfer fee is 10«. for the first 100 acres, and 1». for every addi- tional 100 acres or fractional jxirt thereof. If the rent is in arrear for six months (section 28) it is to be doubled, and if for three months after notice thereof the lease is to be ipHO facto void, and to be sold by auction. A lessee (section 31) may at any time purchase the entire block of land comprised in his Lease, at a price to be fixed by the Wnste Lands Board in accordance with the established Regula- tions for the time being. Unlawful occupants of Crown lands liable, on conviction, to a fine not exceeding 50/., and on con- tinued occupation for a month to a second fine not less than 5/. nor mure than 50/. Commissioner autho- rized to remove such trespassers. Cattle trespassing to be impounded. Timber Licences. — Appliciints for timber licences to opply to the Waste Lands Board (Act No. 54 of 1870). On issue of licence to pay an annual fee of 5/. Land in licence not to exceed 10 acres. Li- cencce, with assent of Commissioner, to be allowed to transfer his licence. By the amending Act, No. 54 of 1870, gold miners and business licensees may cut timber for their own use without a licence. The Waste Lands Board may also grant flax and building licences (section 61). Mineral Landt. — Prospecting licences may be granted, giving ihe holder the exclusive right of search for 12 months over six contiguous square miles of unsurveyed land for minertils utiier than gold. The fee for such licences is Id. per acre, 136 DISPOSAL OP CROWN LANDS— CANTERBURY. [1872. H payable in advance. The licence is liot transferable without the leave of the Land Commissioner. Mining leases may be obtained for all minerals other than gold, on the following terms, viz. : — (1) A deposit of 2«. an acre, 1*. to pay for survey, and the other to be allowed for in the future rent or royalty ; (2) area not to exceed two square miles ; (3; term 21 years ; (4) rent 6d. per acre for the first two years, and It. per acre for each subsequent year ; (5) royalty not less than Jgth nor more than ,\th ; rent to be reduced by the amount of the royalty, and when royalty equals or exceeds the rent in any year, no rent to be paid ; (6) lessee entitled to a renewal for 21 years at double rent and royalties. No land under prospecting licence or mining lease to be sold during such licence or lease. AH dis- putes to be settled by Land Board. Gold Leages. — The Land Board may grant gold leases for seven years of lands not included in gold fields, in blocks not exceeding 10 acres, at a rent of 10 per cent, on the value of the land to be assessed by the Board. No such land to be valued at less than 10/., and before leased the land must be put up fur sale by auction at the upset price on which the rent is charged. Sect. 70. N.B, — This section is repealed by the 2nd section of the Nelson Waste Lands Act, 1870, 33 & 34 Vict. No. 54. A fee of 308. is to be paid on 'ic delivery of every lease, and all rents are to be paid in advance on the 1st of January in each year. " The Nelson Waste Lands Act Amendment Act, 1870," repeals the 70th section of the Act of 1863, and empowers the Commissioner of Crown Lands to withhold from sale any land which may be applied for under the S2nd or 35th sections ot the Act of 1863. It also empowers the Waste Lands Board to grant timber licences over not exceeding 10 acres of Crown lands for the term of one year on payment of a fee of 51. But gold miners and holders of business licences may cut timber for their own use without taking out a licence. The Board may also issue licences to cut flax over not exceeding 500 acres for a term notexeeeding seven years, and may grant leases for a like period, and not exceeding lOacres, as sites for buildings, machinery, and drying grounds. The terms and conditions of such leases to be determined by the Board. Province op Canterbury. The Land Regulations for this Province are con- tained in a proclamation dated 9th February 1856, and two subsequent Acts of the General Assembly, No. 24 of 1.^66, and No. 52 of 1867. The following is an abstract of the proclamation : — A Waste Lands Board to be established, consisting of one Chief Commissioner and from twoto five other Commissioners. One Commissioner to be appointed by the Governor and to act as Trea&urer, the other Committsioners to be appointed by the Superinten- dent : — Applications for pasturage and timber licences, and disputes respecting such licences and respecting the boundaries of runs and districts, to be heard and determined by the Board. Board to keep minutes of all applications and of proceedings thereon. Surveyor and Assistant Surveyor to be appointed. Reserves for public purposes to be made by Superintendc;nt, on recommendation of the Council. tsitea of towns to be determined by Superinten- dent in Council, and proclaimed in Government Gazette. Town lands to be sold by auction at an upset price to be fixed by Superintendent in Council. Time and place of sale to be published in Govern- ment Gazette, and 10 days before sale a list of the sections to be sold to be published in the same man- ner ; one tenth of purchase money to be paid down, and the balance within a week. On payment of purchase money a transferable " Licence to Occupy," to be issued pending the issue of a Crown grant. By "The Canterbury Waste Lands Act, 1866," (30 Vict. No. 24,) sect. 10, land withdrawn from gold fields for sale may be sold to the lawful occupier at a fixed price to be named by the Super- intendent, with the advice of the Provincial Council, provided it has buildings upon it of not less value than 25/. Rural lands to be sold at 40s. an acre. The sections are to be as nearly as possible of rectangular form, and no section is to contain less than 20 acres. On payment of purchase money, purchaser to receive a licence to occupy, and as soon as possible land to be laid off by Government Surveyor, Licence to be given up when Crown grants issued. Compensation in land to be given for land taken for roads or other public purposes, and for the con- struction of any public road, bridge, or main drain. Soldiers and sailors discharged as unfit for further service in consequence of wounds or loss of health in the Russian war, and their widows, to be entitled to Free Grants not exceeding SO acres. Pastoral and Timber Licences. — Applications for Pasturage Licence.o to be addressed to Waste Lands Board, describing boundaries and extent of land ap- plied for, and description of stock to be placed upon it. Extent of Run to be at the rate of 120 acres for every head of great cattle, and 20 acres for every head of small. Fee for the licence to be — For run of less than 1,000 acres, 20s. |)er 100 acres. For runs of 1,000 and less than 5,000 acres, 2d. per acre for first 1,000 and Id. for every additional acre. For runs containing 5,000 acres and upwards, Jtd. per acre for first and second year, Jd. per acre for third and fourth years, and ^d. per acre for fifth and subsequent years. Pa.sturage Licences to be transferable and renew- able from year to year.ot the same fee till 1 May 1870, unless the land be purchased, granted, or reserved. Land not properly stocked may be forfeited, and for- feited portion^put up to public auction. Licencees of Runs which are not stocked, to deposit 10». per 100 acres, to be returned when conditions as to stocking have been fulfilled. Licencees to be entitled on appli- cation to the Land Board, to pre-emptive rights over parts of their Runs in proportion to their extent; such rights of pre-emption to be exercised within one week for lands within 20 miles of Christ Church, 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— WESTLAND. 187 and within one month for more distant lands. Applicants for land included in pre-emptive right, and pre-emptive right holders intending to purchase to deposit 4(. per acre, to be forfeited, if subsequently they decline to complete the purchase. Licencees who have effected improvements on land subse- quently^ reserved, to be reimbursed their value. Lands included in licences may be included in re- serves by proclamation of Governor, upon issue of which licences to determine. By "The Canterbury Waste Lands Act, 1866," 30 Vict. No. 24, the Commissioners of the Waste Lands Board arc empowered to issue sejiarate Li- cences where portions of the run are sold or ex- changed, and to issue a single amalgamated Licence where two or more Licences are held by the same person. The Canterbury Waste Lands Act, 1867 (31 Vict. No. 52), removes doubts as to the validity of certain pre-emptive rights granted by the Waste Lands Board ; more clearly defines their powers respecting pre-emptive rights ; provides for the keeping up of improvements effected on runs, and imposes a penalty for injuring fences thereon. By Colonial Act28Vict. No. 17,Holders of Pasture Licences may, if they exercise their option before the 1st of May 1866, come under the operation of the Act, which extends the duration of the licence, but greatly increases the annual fees, viz. — Runt. From 1 May 1860 to 1 May 1873, From 1 May 1878 to 1 May 188U, Of lesi than 1,000 aorea. Of 1,000 and under e/iOO acres. or 8,000 acres or upwarda. SI, per 100 acres - II. 13<. id. per 100 aoresfor the first 1,000 acres, and Ida. id, for each ndditioual 100 acres. 12s. Od. per lOO acres. 81. 4s. per 100 acres. il(. 13«.4rr. per 100 acres for tbo flrst 1,000, nnd 1/. 6s. M. for ench additional lUO acres. 12. per 100 acres. Timber Licences, — Timber on lands reserved for the purpose may be sold by auction, the purchaser under- taking its removal. Timber Licences to be for one month or one year at option of licencee. Fee for the former, 10«., for the latter, 5l. Licencee alone to cut tim^ »r, but he may employ others to make and draw it. Per jons making saw pits or roads to be protected in the enjoyment of them The 32 & 33 Vict. No. 13 of 1869, provides for the assessment of runs held otherwise than under the Canterbury Waste Land Act 1864, — for the set- tlement of disputed assessments by arbitration, and for the sale by auction of depasturing licences of which the rent is in arrear. The rents so fixed not to be subject to alteration for 10 years. The Act also provides for the appropriation to educational or other purposes of public utility of unsold Town- ship sites, and for payment by purchasers for any excess of acreage in their grants over the acreage specified in their descriptions of the land they apply for. It further authorities the Superintendent to refuse Timber Licences i i districts to be defined by proclamation. County or Westland. By an Act passed by the General Assembly of New Zealand on the 10th of October 1867, called " The County of Westland Act, 1867," a portion of the Province of Canterbury was constituted a separate district, and called " The County of Westland,^' and by the 17th sect, of the Act the Governor in Council was authorized, by proclamation published in the New Zealand Gazette, to make regulations forthe dis- posal and management of («ny waste lands of the Crown in the county, proviaei' that no Rund lands should be sold at less than ICs. an acre. Under this authority the Governor issued five proclamations, dated respectively the 20th March, the 17th April, the 25th June, and the 8th July 1868, and the 17tb November 1869. All these proclamations, and the regulations contained in them, were, how- ever, repealed (saving existing rights) by " The Westland Wastelands Act,.1870,^' 33 & 14 Vict. No.56. The following i3 an abstract of the principal provisions of this Act. " The Waste Lands Act of 1858 " is repe.;iid only where it is inconsistent with the present Act, but " The Crown Lands Act, 1862," is not to be aflfl^cted, excepted in the two or three minor details specified in section 6. jyaite Land Board, — The Governor is empowered to appoint a receiver of Land Revenue and a Waste Lands Board, which is ordinarily to sit in the town of Hokitika. The Board is to hear and determine all disputes between the holders of pasturage and timber licences respecting the boundaries of runs and of districts. Sects. 8, 9 and 14. Surveyors. — A chief surveyor, with a staff of assis- tants, is to be appointed, but the receiver of Land Revenue is to receive and give receipts for all pay- ments in respect of the waste lands. Sects. 18 and 21. Reserves. — On the recommendation of the Waste Lands Board reserves of land for the purposes of general government may be made by writing under the hand of the Governor, who is to admi- nister all reserves, except those made for native pur- poses. Sects. 22 to 30. Ministers and trustees of religious bodies may purchase lands, not exceeding one acre in towns, and ten acres in surburban or rural districts, for churches, schools, or burial grounds. Sect. 31. Town Lands. — Town lands are to be sold by auction in sections, the size and upset price of which are to be determined by the Governor, on the recommendation of the County Council. Occupiers who have made improvements to the value of 20/. are entitled to pur- chase the sections at the iipset price, without com- petition, within three months after the land has been open for sale. Town sections may be put up to auc- tion, either by order of the Waste Lands Board, or on the application of any person who deposits 10 per cent, of the upset price with the receiver of Land Revenue. Town sections not sold at the auction may subsequently be purchased at the upset price. If the depositor of 10 per cent, is not the highest bidder at the auction his deposit will be returned to him. If any other person becomes the purchaser A i f; . 188 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— WESTLAND. [1872. he must pay at once a deposit of 10 per cent.; and in either caae tlie remainder of the purchase money must he paid within SO days of the sale, or the de- posit money will be forfeited, and the section may be sold at the price at which it was knocked down at the auction. On payment of the purchase money in full the purchaser receives a licence to occupy, which is to be delivered up on receipt of a Crown grant. SecU. S2 to 48. Suburban and Rural Lands. — The Waste Lands Board may declare any land, not being town land, as open for sale, and classify them either as sub- urban or rural lands. Each section is to be in one block, which, as a general rule, is to be of a rect- angular form. Suburban and rural lands are for 14 years f in the time of sale to be open to entry by miners for gold-mining purposes, subject to the Regulations specified in the 4th Schedule to the Act, or to such other Regulations as the Governor in Council may proclaim. Sects. 43 to 48. Suburban Lands are to be sold at auction, at an upset price of 2l. per acre, in blocks of uot more than 10 acres nor less than 1 acre, except where improve- ments may have been made, or the section lies be- tween lands already sold, when the block may be less than one acre in size. The deposit to be paid is to be 25 per cent, of the upset price, and one month is allowed for the pay- ment of the remainder of the purchase money. On full payment the purchaser is to receive an occupar tion licence, which is to be delivered up upon receipt of a Crown grant. Sects. 49 to 55. Rural Landt are to be sold at a fixed uniform price of 1/. per acre, in blocks of not less than 20 acres ; but the Governor, on the recommendation of the Council and Waste llands Board, may authorize the sale of special blocks oi not less than 160 acres, at an upset price of not less than 10s. an acre. On payment of the purchase money the purchaser is to receive an occupation licence, and as soon after as convenient the land is to be laid off by a Govern- ment Surveyor. In certain cases the value of im- provements made on land may be added to the upset price. The Waste Lands Board may at any time withdraw from sale rural and suburban lands, and after three months notice again declare them open for sale. Sects. 56 to 61. Pasturage, Waste lands not declared open for sale, and not required for commonage for stock, may be occupied for pasturage in blocks of not less than 500 acres, under annual and transferable licences renewable at the discretion of the Waste Lands Board. The rent for the licence is at the following rates, payable in advance. Acres. Not exceeding 500 „ „ 1,500 „ „ 3,000 Exceeding 3,000 Sects. 62 to 68. (id, per acre per annum. 4;ses may at any time of continued residence purchase their land at the upset price, in which case t'ae rent previously paid is to be counted as part of the purchase money. If the land be not so purchased, the lessee, on pay- ment of the seventh year's rent in advance, will be entitled to a Crown grant. But no lessee will obtain a Crown grant unless he shall have bona fide occupied and cultivated his leased land to the satisfaction of the Waste Lands Board. Lands in the proclaimed Settlements, while un- occupied under the Act, are to be considered as com- monage, and may be depastured by resident settlers. The money arising from the disposal of Settle- ment lands is to be applied, — (1) in defraying the expenses of forming and laying out the Settlement; (2) in constructing roads and other necessary public works therein ; (3) in establishing, endowing, and maintaining public schools and other necessary public institutions; and (4) in maintaining com- munication by sea or land with each settlement (SecU. 77 to 79.) 1872.1 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— OTAGO. 139 OmMtruction of PtMic Work$ to he paid with Land. Where contractors by public tender have agreed to take land in full or part payment for public works specially authorised by the county council, sufficient rural lands may be reserved by the Waste Lands Board from public sale, and granted to the contractor to satisfy to the extent of one acre for every \l. of the value (certified by the chairman of the Board) of the work completed. The amount to be expended for this purpose is not to exceed 5,000/. in any one year. Any part of the lands so dealt with which shall prove to be auriferous, and on which no improve- ments shall have been made, may be re-purchased by the county council within seven years, at an in- crease of 100 per cent, on the price at which they were taken by the contractors. (Sects. 80 to 82.) The 83rd section of the Act provides that, notwith- standing any enactment to the contrary in "The Gold Fields Act, 1866," all lands situated within any gold field already or hereafter to be proclaimed, may be sold, leased, or otherwise dealt with under the present Act as if they were not situated within a gold field. Provihck of Otaoo. The Scotch colony of Otago was founded in 1848, by the New Zealand Company, in conjunction with an Association of Lay Members of the Free Church of Scotland. The object of the Association was not to confine its colonization to any one parti- cular religious denomination, but to secure a careful selection of emigrants, and to provide for their reli- gious and educational wants at the outset The colony having been established, the functions of the association have ceased, as being no longer necessary. The whole of the province has been acquired from the natives, who, in small and widely separate parties, are in a state of peaceful progression upon lands that were reserved by themselves when they sold to the Crown, and which reserves amount in the whole province to about 16,000 acres. The sale and letting of Crown Lands in Otago are governed by the consolidated and amended Act of the General Assembly, 30 Vict. No. 22, passed 8 October 1866, and entitled " The Otago Waste Lands Act, 1866 ;" by the Otago SettlemenU Act, 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. No. 11) ; and by the Otago Waste Lands Act, 1866, Amendment Act, No. 29; by the Otago Hundreds Regulation Act, 1869, and by its amending Act of 1870. The first Act repeals so much of " The Waste Lands Act, 1858," as is repugnant thereto, also the Governor's proclamation of the 12th January 1856, " The Land Sales and Leases Ordinance, 1856," " The Town Lands Sales Ordinance, 1857," and The Otago Waste Lands Acts (No. 1 and No. 2 of 1863). All existing rights, however, are saved. The foUowing is an abstract of the principal provisions of "The Otago Waste Lands Act, 1866." All acts of the Superintendent are to be done with the advice and consent of his Executive Council (sect 5) . Sects. 6 to 23 relate to the constitution powers and functions of the Waste Lands Board, and to apueala from its decision. I'he Board is to consist or one Chief Commissioner and not less than two nor more then five other Commissioners, appointed and re- movable by the Superintendent The Chief Com- missioner IS to cause a statement of all lands ( except town and village lands) open for selection to be published in the Provincial Gazette and circulated once in eveiy three months. (Sect. 24.) Cltunfication of Landt. The waste lands are divided into two classes ; (1). Town lands, being sites reserved for towns and villages, and (2), Rural land, being that which Is not reserved for any public purpose (sect. 25). The Board, with consent of the Superintendent, may by public notice declare what lands do not belong to either of the above classes (sect 26). Sale of Town Landt. Toum Landt are to be sold by auction at an upset price, fixed by the Board and approved by the Superintendent. If not sold they may, after 30 days notice in the Gazette, be sold by the Board at a sum equal to the highest bid or upset price (sect. 27). Persons in occupation of certain town lands (except at Dunedin and Port Chalmers) may, on petition to the Board, purchase them at a price to be fixed by the Board without submitting them to auction (sect. 28). Religious bodies may also purchase not exceeding one acre of land without auction (sect. 29). Notice, of not more than three months nor less than one month, is to be given in the Gazette of all auctions. All lands must be previously surveyed and marked on a map (sects. 30, 31). One tenth of the purchase money is to be paid down, and the remain- ing nine tenths (subject to the forfeiture of the deposit in default) within one calendar month (sect 33). Sale of Rural Lands, All rural land not being leased or reserved for leasing, is to be open for sale, but the Superinten- dent may withdraw land, the sale of which would be prejudicial to the public interest (sect. 34). The price of rural lands in to be 20«. an acre, and if two applications are made for the same land it is to be put up at auction at the upset price of 20«. Rural land may be sold at 20s. an acre to persons who may have improved it prior to the passing of the Act After the lapse of seven years from the proclamation of land for sale, the land remaining unsold is to be put up at auction at 10*. an acre (sect. 35). The Governor, on a recommendation from the Super- intendent and Provincial Council, may augment the price of land (sect. 36). Persons desirous of pur- chasing are to make application at the District Land Office, when it will be forwarded to the Board at Dunedin, who are to decide upon it, in the case of surveyed lands, r/jthin four days, and of unsurveyed lands, within six months (sect. 37). Applications must not be for a less quantity than 50 acres, and the s 140 DISPOSAL OP CROWN LANDS— OTAGO. [1872. land must an far as possible be of a rectangular form, but a smaller quantity may be sold to owners of tarf^c adjoining tracts (sect. 39). In the case of unsurvcyed land the applicant will be informed within 30 days if the land will be surveyed by the Board, and he may be required to have the land surveyed by an approved surveyor (sect. 40), in which case the applicant is to receive compensation (sect. 41); 2(. per acre is to be deposited with all applications, for the survey of unsurvcyed lands, which will be returned if the survey is made by the applicant, and -^a of the price of the land in addition, both sums will be forfeited in the event of the am)licant failing to complete his purchase, but will be returned to him if he complete it (si-cts. 4ii, 43, and 44). If applicants fail to proceed with a survey within four months, the Board may make the survev and declare him the purchaser, or forfeit his deposit money (sect. 45). The Board may refuse application after survey, if it be prejudicial to public interest, on repayment of deposit monev(sect. 46). The purchase money, in the case of land already surveyed, for which there is only one applicalioii, is to be paid to the Receiver of the land revenue immediately upon the applicant being declared purchaser, and if the land is not previously surveved, within 14 days of such declaration (sect. 47). Where two persons apply for the same land it is to be put up to auction (sect. 48). Applications for timbered rural lands may be granted in such quantities as the Board see fit (sect. 49). Applications for land in remote districts may be refused, unless the pro- bable cost of the survey shall be previously deposited with the Board. The excess over 2». per acre in the actual cost of survey is to be deducted from the deposit, the balance of which (unless the deposit is found to be less than the actual cost, in which case the diflfcrence is to be made good by the applicont) is to be returned to the purchaser (sect. 50). Persons having completed any contract with the Superinten- dent for making public works, may receive grants of one acre of land in respect of each 1/. sterling of the value of the works as certified by the Superinten- dent : but not more than 250 acres are to be so granted to any person, unless in payment of works voted by the Provincial Council, when not more than 1,000 acres, in the aggregate, in any one year, are to be granted without the special sanction of the Pro- vincial Council (sect. 51). Leases of Mineral Lands. Mineral Lands may be granted on lease, at the discretion of the Board, in quantities not exceeding 80 acres, for a term not exceeding HI years, at a reserved rent, subject to the usual covenants for payment of rent and efHcient working of the land (sect. 52). After three years the demised land may, at the request of the lessee, be put up to auction (sect. 54). General Provisions. Notice of land for sale or lease by auction must be published in the Provincial Gazette. The land is to be previously surveyed and marked on a map in the District Land Office, which is to be open for inspection (sects. 56, 57). The Board may make reserves which shall not be alienated except under the provisions of the Public Reserves Act ; such reserves to be fully an- nounced and described in the Gazette (sects. 62, 63). The Board may lease or sell land of special value or forwhich compensation may have been paid (sect. 64). Issue of Crown Grants, As soon as convenient after payment of the purchase money, or after it is determined to grant a lease, the purchaser is to receive his grant or lease as the case may be. The fee on a mineral lease is 5/. (sects. 65, 66). Holders of Certificates of Occupa- tion, under the land regulations of 1856, are to receive grants, whether the improvements required by those regulations be effected or not, and the tax on all rural lands, imposed by those regulations, is to cease (sects. 67, 68). Pasture Licences. Licensees of pastoral lUnds surrendering their licences for cancellation within six months from the passing of the Acts, may receive, in lieu thereof, leases for the unexpired portion of their term, and 10 years in addition, without any abridgement of their privileges under the licence. Lands of persons failing to surrender licences are, at the expi- ration of the licence, to be put up to auction ; and the Superintendent may refuse to grant leases where he may consider it inexpedient (sect. 69). Lessees of pastoral lands are to make a return and declaration to the Board annually of all cattle depasturing on their lands on the 1st of September. The penalty for failing to make a return or making a false return is 50/. Lessees removing cattle for the purpose of making a false return are liable to a penalty of 1/. on each head of cattle (sects. 70, 71). Lessees are to pay annually, on the 1st October and in advance, by way of rental, ^d. for every head of small cattle, and 3s. 6d. for great cattle, subject to a distress if the rent is unpaid for 14 days (sect. 72). Should it appear during the last 10 years of any lease that the land is understocked, the Board may appoint assessors to ascertain the carrying capacity of the land. Notice of their assessment is to be given to the lessee, and, in case of failure or neglect to pay the sum fixed, it is made recover- able by distress (sect. 73). If the lessee objects to continue to hold the land subject to such assessment, the lease, afYer 12 months notice of such objection, shall be forfeited ; but if he continues in occupation he will be liable to process as an un- licensed occupier (sect, 74), but he will be com- pensated for improvements (sect. 75) ; compensation, not exceeding three times the average annual rent, for improvements is to be paid to lessees at the expiration of their leases by the incoming tenant (sect. 77). Lapsed or forfeited licences or leases are to be put up to auction (sect. 78). Leases subject to the performance of the conditions and notice to the Board, are to be transferable. and the Board may grant new leases, instead of the originals, which may be cancelled (sect 80). Leases are liable, on non-payment of rent, &c., to forfeiture, which is to be notified in the Gazette (sect. 81). On the proclamation of Hundreds, pastoral leases comprised 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— OTAGO. 141 therein are to ceaie ; but the lesiee is entitled to purchase not exceeding 80 acres of the leased land at 1/. an acre, and to compensation for improve- ments on the other portions of his land (sect. 82). Lands comprised in pastoral licences are not to be open for sale, unless they are included in the Hundred (sect 83). The Board, by the instruction of the Super- intendent, may refuse leases of pastoral lands if deemed inexpedient (sect. 84). A fee of 10/. (re- duced to 1/. by the 13th section of 33 8t 34 Vict. No. 57 of 1870) is payable for every lease and for every notice ol transfer thereof (sect. 87). The Board may grniU pasture leases, not exceeding 10 years, of land outitde hundreds, not held under lease or licence, on the payment of a fee, according to a scale, graduating from 51. for under 3,000 acres to 70/. for any quantity between 30,000 and 40,000 acres (sects. 88, 89). The Board shall cause such land to be estimated by the ossessors, and shall notify the application for a lease in the Gazette- Objec- tions to the application arc to be heard and deter- mined by the Board (sects, 90, 91, 92). If the ap- plication be graiitcd the lease is to be subject to a reut payable in advance of 7d. for each head of small cattle and 3s. Gd, for each head of great cattle, which the land shall be capable of carrying ; but the Board may decline to grant a lease, and may put it up to sale by auction (sects. 93, 94). Management of Crown I^anda within Huridredt,— Depasturing licences may be granted aimually on 1 January,' on payment of a fee of 10«. The Board is to cause a list of Licensees within hundreds to be published in the Gazette (sect. 95). Pasture Licences to be granted outside hundreds. — Applicants to deposit 20/., to be returned if the run is stocked within six months, but, if not, to be for- feited. Land Board to expel trespasser's, to distrain for rent, and to require payment of a fee not ex- ceeding 5/. in disputed cases heard before it. Persons depasturing cattle on lands outside hun- dreds to make return annually, and pay in ad- vance. For great cattle, 6d. a head. For small do. Id. „ Number of cattle to be assessed by Land Board. If assessment not paid, Land Board to distrain for the amount, or, if in arrear for three months, to forfeit the licence. Pasture licences within hundreds to be granted exclusively to resident occupiers, pensioners, natives or half castes within the hundred, on payment of fee of 10s. Licencees to elect wardens for appoint- ment of pasturage. Wardens to fix number of cattle to be depastured, and make other regulations for management of pasturage lauds. Wardens may levy, to pay expenses, an assessment of, On great cattle, S«. a head. „ small do. 1$. „ to be recovered, if nscessary, by distraint. Wardens to keep accounts, and publish them annually in the Provincial Gazette. Unlawful occupants liable to a fine of SOL, and if occupatiou be subsequentlv continued for a month, to a second fine of from sl. to 50/. Licensed occu- piers may cut and use necessary timber. Trespassing cattle may be impounded. Licenccc to have pre- emptive right over homesteads, to be exercised, in case of another applicant for the land, within one month. Possession of land purchased by another than the occupier may be delayed one month. Applicants for a run outside hundreds to furnish description of it If application acceded to Land Board to notify it in Gazette. Objections to be brought within three months. Hun, or part of runs, not stocked after six months, tit be regarded as abandoned. As soon as run is stocked, licence to issue for 14 years, on condition that over any part subsequentlv included in a hundred or sold, the licence shall determine, and that an annual fee be paid of 51., with an additional fee of 1/. for every 1 ,000 sheep above 6,0(X), and in proportion for cattle. Timber Licences to bo issued on payment of a fee of 1/. for each. Land Board to determine ex- tent of land comprised in such licence. The Board may grant licences for seven years for the cutting and felling of timber, raising of lignite or coal, removal of clay for bricks or pottery, removal of sand, gravel, or stone, working of quarries, and sites for saw mills, flour mills, tan- neries, fellmongers* yards, slaughter yards, brick kilns, potteries, ferries, jetties, and in thinly in- habited districts, for inns and accommodation houses, but not for the sale of fermented or spirituous liquors (sect 116). The fee on these licences is to be fixed by the Board ; half fee only is payable on licences granted after 1st July (sect 117). A penalty not exceeding 20/. is imposed on unlicensed persons occupying lands for any of these purposes (sect. 1 18). Licences are not to preclude the Crown's right to proclaim the land. Disputes are to be settled by the Board (sect \20). Licences are transferable by consent of the Biard on payment of a fee (sect 121). Cold Fields. The Gold Fields Ar»^, t«62, 1863, and 1865, are not to be affected unless expres.:ly altered (sect 122). Lands not under licence within any gold field may be sold without being proclaimed (sect. 1 23). Holders o' agricultural leases in gold fields are entitled, ■ \ and Sales (sect. 29) are to be paid over to the Board of Education, and Ministers or Trustees of religious bodies may obtain permission (sect. 18) as soon as a district is opened for settlement, to purchase sites for schools, churches, cemeteries, &c., in certain proportions. Mineral Leases. — Provision is made (sects, 37-89) for the lease of Mineral lands not auriferous in quantities not exceeding 100 acres, and for periods not exceeding 21 years. In Leases within coal fic'ds (sect. 44) conditions are to be inserted to secure efficient working, and payment of the stipulated royalty. Timber Licences are also (sects. 46-49) to be issued to an extent not exceeding 10 acres, at a rent of 1/. an acre. For the encouragement of settlement by making reads, &c., the Waste I^iand Hoard are authorized (sect. 60) to withhold from sale temporarily any land they may think suitable, such land to be reserved (sect. 51) in alternate sections, the other sections being sold ut an enhanced upset price, pro- portioned (st'ct. 52) to the ci>st of the proposed improvements. The reserved lots may (sec. 53) be granted in payment for the improvements so exe- cuted, and fsect. 54) any that remain over may be sold. Contractors for public works (sect. 56) may be paid in land, provided that nut more than 150/. is paid to one person in the year, nor inore than 2,000 acres so applied in the year for any one public work. Pasture Licences. — Regulations are made (sect. 60) for the issue of Occupation Licences of runs com- prising from 3,000 to 30,000 acres, at rents ranging from 51. to 501 The licence is (sect. 67) to be for 14 years, determinable either by the inclusion of theland in a reserve, or by its sale by the Crown, or by failure of the licensee to pay his rent. Licences may (sect, 69) he transferred, providing the conditions have been fulfilled. Pasture Leases. — Leases of land not suitable for agriculture may be granted (sects 74-81) for 14 years, with a right of "rei;ew,i! to an extent not ex- ceeding 30,000 acres, at iv.nrs to be computed on the carrying capability of the land. Pastoral licences may (sect, 8.S) at any time within six months afier the Act comes into operation, be converted into leases on the application (sect. 90) of the licensee. Land within a lease may, on the application of the lessee, be put up to auction (sect. 91), and if im- proved, at an upset price including the value of the improvements. If sold to any other person than the lessee, the value of the improvements to be paid to the latter. I ! I rsjRTSRBgnz 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS—NEW ZE/XAND 145 Leading Pabtic'ilabs of the 'Land IlEouLATioNa in each of the Provinces of New Zbaland. Prorinee. Claulfloa- tlon of SiM of Lot. Mode of Sale and Up«ct Vricfl. Mode of Payment. Scrip. PrifUegeitoMUiUryand Naval i^ttlan. 1, ToDui. 1 For general coun- Aoctiox, for town and »a- For town and eub- i None. S. Subur- try land* not leiw biirban lands. Upset prive to urban lands sold ban. than 40 aorei. j belixedby ^ui)erinteiui(mt. atauotion.l-^ui.-.t Adoklans 8. Coun- : Lands not sold V. suction the time of sale. aoii 'AkX try. may within fwoire monthn remainder with- or Is- 4. Hpectal t>e purchaned at upset in one calendar lands. Hettle- priiM. iriXED PiiioB" of ]0«. per month. DMnt. For hinds sold at aoro fur country lands. fixed price, the Auctjon, 10*. Upset price whole at once. reiluceil Viit.Od. on lands not sold in tliree months. Free Uronts of 40 iicres each adult itnd not exoeedini; 2(IU acres tor each household on conditions of settlement. 1. Town. To be ni>t loss Auction for town, aubnr- In Mies by auc- Keeeived ot iU Noae. 27 Vict. No. SO. 3. Subur- than 40 Ecros, if iMin, and lands within hun- dreds (unless spiDuially ex- tion, 10 per cent. lull rnltie for ban. price ItM.,— not at the time of town, inihur- 3. liural. more than 040. if cepted) and lor rural lands \ sale, remainder ban, and ra- 4. HpecUl price fi«. par acre, uut worth lUf. an acre. withinonemontb. rai.liinds con- VVelunq- Bottle oiont* —not less than 80 Upset price to be Hxed by , For lands sold at taining mi- TOH and in unproclaimeJ Uovernment, exjept in larf tiled price, the nerals, or in Uawkes district*. case, when upset price is t j whole w be paid cnltirated Uav, For homesteads, lieM. down at onoe. situations, but for other not less than 10 Fi^KD Pbice* of lOs. per nor more thon.CO aero for rural ia.?d'. out- rural lands, acres. aide of hundreds, and with- where avail - Special setti*- in Imndrciis specially ex- ablr, 11. in meuti not le«i> empt from auction, imd seripeqi ira- tlinn 40 nor more (during three years) lands exposed tu, but not sold at lent oaly to than 2UU acres. one acre. i auction, the upset price is tobeatiiedpriee. Home- stoads, llxcil price of fm. or lOs., acconliRjf to quality. Homesteads pre-emption at in*, an acre. Spocial set- tlements, rental from id. to Id. per acre, or purchase, 20s. tu 40s. an acre. 1, Town. To bo determined Auction. tTpuet price of town, suburl»ui,and mine- "o tenth at time None. 2. Subur- by Land Board. i>f sale by auction ban. an. 8. Uural. 4. Spi^cial blocks. 8. Settle- ment lands, MARIiBO- BOUQU, 1. Towu. 8. Subur- ban. S. Kural. 4. Pasture 5. Mineral Qoremor to fix - I 6 to 20 acres Not lesj than 20 acres. Not less than IQO aores. Town, i acre. Suburban. 10 aores and Rural, Sfi to S.w acres. Adction. Governor to ftx upset price. Auction. Upiiet price £3 per acre- Fixed uuiform price, £1 per acre. Upset price, per acre.' Auction, «t ui>»et price to be Hxol, anil if not sold, may l)e let for sevon years, town^nnual rent of.30«. su- burban, 9$., abd rural, 3>. 10 per cent, at timo of pur- chase ; remain- der within one weekin ail coses. is per cent. do(!tpri(w of rural and patture land 'iO» 'iOndt not sold at nuo ■ tion may ,wlthin i yeouii, lo bought at the upsiit i.-rioe. Lieence-holdars to Itavo right of pra-«mptlo:a nf homesteadB. Paston lands may be iMsed for It years. Mineral lands for 31 years. One-teniih of pur- chase money at time of sale by auction ; re- mainder within one month. No Mrip None, Gold Fieldk. Gold fields are worked, in the provinces of Auck- land, Nelson, and Otago. The law rcipjlating gold fields and gold ininiiig is contained in " The Gold Fields Act, 1866," (SO Vict. No. 32), in two amend- ing Acts, Nos. 68 and 69 of HI Vict., pastted in October 1867, and one extending Act, No. 53 of 1868. The principal Act repeals the Gold Fields Act, 1862, and two amending Acta of 1863 and 1865, and it consolidates and amends their provisions. In itii leading features it follows the legislation of Victoria. i; 1 It empowers the Governor (sec. 3) to proclaim gold fields, and (sec, 4) to issue " miners' rights " on pay- ment of \L, and (set-. 5) buainctss licences on pay- ment of 5/. for a yearly licence, 3/. for a half-yearly licence, and SL for a quarterly Mcence ; such rights and licences to be in force for 12 months. The Governor in Council ma/ also (sec. 10) exempt any port\on of a gold field fram occupation under a miner's right or business licence, and may cancel (sec. S4) the licence or lease of any land held for depasturing purposes on which gold may be dis- covered, the lessee or licensee heing entitled to compensation. 1872.] GOLD REGULATIONS— NEW ZEALAND. ur aim gold 'on pay- on pay- ilf-y early The QoTernorin Council may iilso (sec. 56), on petition of not less than 500 persons holding miners' rights, declare a gold held to be a district for the purpose of forming a "Mining Board," and may {uc. 57) prescribe tne number of the Board and the mode of electing the members. The Mining Board is to have power (sec. 58) to frame byelaws for the management of miners' rights, &c. in the district, subject to the Governor's approval ; but, on failure to do so (nee. 59), the Board may be suspended by the Governor, who may then revoke their regu- lations, if any, and replace them by others. The Governor may also (sec. 60), by Order in Council, constitute Wardens' Courts, with juris- diction over the whol e Colony, and appoint Wardens in any gold field ; and such Courts wyl have autho- rity (sec. 62) to settle all claims and disputes be- tween miners ; to decide summarily (sec. 63) all complaints of encroachment, to award damages, if necessary, to the complainant, and (sec. 64) to seize and restore to the proper owner any gold taken from the land encroached upon. The Courts are tu have powt^r (sec. 65) to decide questions of partner- ship, and (sec. 68) to award damages and reason- ablecosts; but witn a right of appeal (sees. 81 and 82) to the District Court, or, if there be no District Court, to the Supreme Court. The Governor in Council (sec. 96) may make rules to regulate the procedure of the courts established under this Act Tb" Governor in Council may ewisc (sec. 29) after ten days notice in the Gi' U(\ issue Gold Mining Leases for terms not exceedin;^ 15 years, and make regulations (sec. 30) as to the terms and con- ditions of such leases. Disputes respecting such leases are to be heard and decided (sec. 31) by the Warden's Court. Leases in gold fields to an extent not exceeding 50 acres may be granted (sec. 35) for periods not exceeding seven years for agricultural puiposes, determinable, however (sees. 36 and 87) by three months notice in case the land should prove auriferous ; but in such cases (sec. 38), the Lessee to be entitled to compensation to be determined (sees. 39, 40) by agreement or arbitration. Prevision is niade (sees' ^1 to 44) for the form and covenants of the leases, for the enforcement of the covenants, and for recovenng possession of the land and sueing and distraining for rent in arrears ; and the Go- vernor i s authorized (sec. 48^ to withdraw, for purposes of sale, any portion or a gold field which he may consider necessary for settlement, public purposes, or roads, and (sec. 49) may declare open for sale any Crown lands in a gold field not subject to a depasturing lease. The Act contains regulations on the subject of M'nter Baces ; imposes penalties on persons contravening its enactments or interfering with its execution, and makes other general provr sions for carrying it into effect. The Revenue arising under it is declared (sec. 53) to be part of the Land Revenue, subject to deduction of the expenses of managemc nt. The amending Act of 1867, No. 68, empowers the Governor to delegate certain powers under tlie prin- cipal Gold Field Act, 1866, to the Executive Govern- ment ofany Province, or iftho Executive Government refuse such delegation, tlieii tu any person the Go- vernor may think (it. The amending Act No.69 relates to Wardens' Courts and the Assessors to serve in such courts. The mining for gold on Native Lands is regulated by an Act passed in October 1838, No. 53 of the 82d Vict., which extends certain provisions of the << Gold Fields Acts, 1866 " to mining on these lands and empowers the Governor to make regulations on the subject By another Local Act, 73 of 1853, an export duty of 2*. 6d. an ounce is imposed on all gold exported from the colony, except coin, plate, jewellery, and ornaments actually worn on the person. Nelson.— The Nulsor. Crown Lands Leasing Act Amendment Act of 1870, S3 & 34 Vict No. 55, re- peals sects 3, 14, and 15 of .the Act of 1867, No. 61, which relii to the decisions of the Waste Lands Board, and tho appeals therefrom, and empowers the Board on receipt of a fee of 5/. to grant protection for SO daj« to discov. lors of auril'erous land outside of proclai led gold fields. The Board may also grant to the di'c >verers mining leases of such protected land, not exceeding 10 acres of alluvial ground, or 400 by 200 yards of^quartas reef, for a term not exceeding 15 years, subject to such annual rent (not less than 2/, per acre) >• d such conditions usually imposed in gold mining lettS4!S as the Board may determine. !i I 148 DISPOSAL OF GROWN LANDS— WEST INDIES. [1872. West Indies. Crown landi are usually to be sold by auction at an upset price of not less than 1/. per acre. Antigua.— The smallest lot sold is 40 acres, ex- cept in certain localities for villages. British Guiana. The disposal of Crown lands in British Guiana is regulated by an Act, No. 14 of 1861, passed by the Colonial Legislature on the 12th July of that year, and by Ordinance No. 12 of 1871. The nrst-named Ordinance repeals the Ordinances No. 6 of 1838, and No. 16 of 1857, and the Land Regulations of 2l8t Nov. 1835 and 28th May 1839, except so far as they relate to plantations in cul- tivation ; and it saves the lights of proprietors of such plantations to second or other depths to which they may be entitled under the regulations of their High Mightinesses the States General, dated i'Ath July 1792, when the colony belonged to Holland. Under these regulations of 1792, such proprietors are entitled to an additional depth of 250 acres as soon as two thirds of their first grants are in cultivation. Price. — By the recent Ordinance the Crown lands and forests may be granted and sold (for it is not compulsory on the Governor to grant or sell any land) in tracts of not less than 100 acres each, at the fixed price of $\0 per acre, subject to the following regulations. Mode of appUcaUon. — The application for pur- chase must be made in writing to the Government Secretary, accompanied by a correct diagram in duplicate, prepared from actual survey by a Crown (not n private) surveyor, and it must be recom- mended by the Superintendent of the district. If after three succensive weekly advertisements in the Official Gazette no opposition is recorded, the Governor may, at the expiration of one calendar month from the last advertisement, grant the ap- plication. Mode of payment. — The purchaser has the option of paying down the whole of the purchase money or only half of it. In the latter case he must engage, with two approved sureties, to pay the balance in two equal annu>''. in8talh?ents, with interest at 6 per cent, per anr um, and he vill not obtain a grant of the land until they are paid. He receives, however, a provisiont 1 licence to occupy the land in the mean- time rent fiee. Fees. — The following are the fees payable in respect of Grants : To the Crown Surveyor for his report ) on the application for a grant -j For making out and recording the) grant J For his survey, including duplicate "^ diagram, but exclusive of travel- f - . lins expenses (which are regulated { by Ord. 27 of 1 855), per acre - J SZ. 10s. 5/. It is not the practice to open up on survey any lands for settlement until after application has been made to the Governor for some particular tract. Free Grants. — Tlie Governor, with the consent of the Court of Policy, may make Free Grants of Crown land to immigrants arriving in the colony at their own expense, but the grantees are bound within one year to erect a dwelling house, — to put the land in cultivation to the satisfaction of the Superintendent of the district, — and beneficially to occupy for 7 years, otherwise the grant will be rorfeited. The size of the lot, and any other regulations which the Governor and Court of Policy may think fit to lay down, are to be embodied in a proclamation which has not yet been issued. The limitation in the extent of grants does not apply to the owners of plantations who, under the regulations of their High Mightinesses the States of Holland, arc entitled to an additional depth of 250 acres as soon as two thirds of the first grant are in cultivation. So long as an estate is in cultivation, and there is the most distant chance of the second depth being required by the proprietor of the first, a second depth can never be granted to another party. Reoulations for Wood Cutting. — The issuing of Woodcutting Licences is regulated by an Ordinance, No. 14. of 1861. Area and Rent. — Licences maybe granted for such terms and to such extent as to" the Goverror shall seem meet, at an annual rent of 30 cents per acre. Mode of Application. — The application for them must be made in writing to the Government Secre- tary, accompanied by a correct diagram in duplicate, prepared from actual survey by a Crown surveyor. If after three successive weekly advertisements in the OfBcial Gazette no opposition is recorded, the Li- cence may be issued at the expiration of one calendar month from the last advertisement. Form of Tract. — Tracts of land for Woodcutting purposes must be selected as near as may be in the figure uf a parallelogram, having its fa9ade on a river or creek, and a depth inwards equal to at least twice the facade. — Not less than 5 roods in breadth for the whole depth is to be left between each two tracts in the same locality. The Licence Holder must not transfer, suiMlivide, or sublet his interest, except with the permission of tht Governor. He may, however, renew his Licence, if he applies for it within 3 months of the expiration of the old licence. Indians. — If he employs Indians, he musu enter their names and tribes, and the rate of wages paid. The wages must be paid in money, and tne issue of spirituous liquors is prohibited. Feti. — The fees for Grants or Licences are 25 dollars, exclusive of advertisements, and in respect to Licences the rent to the Crown is SO cents per acre per annum. Rivers, Creeks, and Forests. — Ordinance No. 12 of 1871 amends Ordinance No. 14 of 1861, "for 1872.] DISPOSAL OP CROWN LANDS— WEST INDIES. 149 " making better provision for the care and super- " intendenee of the rivers, creeks, Crown lands, and forests of the Colony." It repeals Sections 17, 18, 28, 40, 42, 5(^ and 55 of the Ordinance of 1861, and re-enacts their substance, but with amendments, except as to Section 40. The 2nd Section of the Or- dinance of 1871 empowers the Governor to make regulations for defining the privileges to be enjoyed by the Aborigines in relation to the rivers, creeks. Crown lands, and forests. Section 3 empowers the Governor to issue wood cutting licences " for such " terms and to -Mich extent ofacreage as to him " shall seem meet," at the rental of SO per cent, per acre t and Section 8 imposes penalties for obstructmg the free navigation of rivers and creeks. Jamaica. — There are no regulations in force in this Island, for the Disposal of Public Lands, Pasture Licences, &c. Of the 2,724,262 acres which Jamaica contains, only 43,250 are at present in the hands of the Crown, and these are mostly inaccessible and unfit for cul* tivation. There are, however, upwards of 950,000 acres in the hands of private individuals, liable to forfeiture for non-payment of quit rent and land tax, which may be recovered and made avail- able for public use under Colonial Act No. 5, of 187 1. Tkinidad. Persons desirous of acquiring land must apply to the District Intendant,or the Warden of the >Vaid in which the land is situated, and deposit at li>ast half the estimated amount of the purchase money, together with the survey fees. If the application is acceded to, the land is surveyed and then put up to sale. The upset price of land is, for ordi- nary Crown land 1/. per acre, and for Swamp land 10s. per acre. The balance of purchase money, and fees of grant, if not already deposited, must be paid within 8 days of the saU If land applied for by one person is purchased by a^iother at the auction sale, the deposit money is returned to the original appli- cant. These regulations do not apply to village lots, which are sold under special regulations. The fees on grants vary from 15«. Gd. on grants not exceeding 16 acres, to 4/. 4s, on grants exceeding 100 acres. The fee of registration varies from 10». when the grant does not exceed 50/., to 1/. where the grant exceeds 50/. liegulationtfor Cutting Wood on Crown Lands,— Licences of the first class are only obtainable from the Governor, as Intendant of Crown Lands, on application throu(];h the Sub-intendant. Those of the second, third, and fourth classes are obtain- able from the wardens of the several ward unions. First-class licences are limited as to the extent of land and the period for which they are granted by the Governor. Second-class licences are granted by the wardens for individual trees, and do not ex- tend over tracts of land. They vary in price with the quality and value of the trees. Third-class licences are issued for the cutting of fire-wood cither in swamps or elsewhere. Fourm-class licences are issued by the warden for the procuring of palm leaves of dilrerent varieties for the purpose of thatch- ing. The price is 1«. fur a hundred leaves. No licence of any class will be granted where the felling of timber would deprive the head waters of rivers of their protection, or denu ' ) the crest of the principal ranges of hills. The following is the copy of the Regulations, dated 16th June 1871, for the sale and lease of Crown Lands, for the purpose of exploring and taking therefrom pitch, petroleum, mineral oils, &c. Pitch Lake. I. The following Rules will be observed in respect to the portion of the Pitch Lake now in possession of the Crown, and to the remainder of the I.ake when the existing leases terminate. 2. The surface of the Lake will be divided into lots, containing as nearly as possible five acres each. 3. Every lot will be leased for a period of fourteen years. 4. The rent of each lot will be at the rate of 2/. per acre, payable yearlv in advance. 5. The leases will not be transferable without the consent of the Governor, and no lessee will be allowed to sublet the whole or any part of his allotment witliuut such consent. 6. The leases of the lots will be drawn up in a form to be approved of by the Governor. 7. Every lot will be leased, subject, when necessary, to a right of way nut exceeding twelve feet in width across the lot to afford access to other lots. 8. Every lessee will be entitled to a renewal of his lease, for a second period of fourteen years at the same rent, without being put up to auction, if he shall prove to the satisfaction of the Governor that he has raised and exported, during each of the last seven years of the lease, five hundred tons of pitch, or its equivalent, in articles manufactured from the produce of the Lake, 9. Lessees may at any time resign their leases. 10. The leases will be put up to public auction at the Crown Lands OfHce in Port-of-Spain. 11. One month's notice of each sale will be given. 12. The leases wil be put up for sale at the rent and on the conditions hcrein-before named, and the biddings will be as a premium for each lease, and the amounts oflbred are to be paid at the time of sale. 13. Every lease will be absolutely forfeited if the same be assigned without the consent of the Governor, or if the rent be not paid within three calendar months afVer the day on which it shall become due in each year, 14. Every existing lessee of a portion of the Lake shall, upon the expiry of his present lease, be allowed to take a lot on lease under these Regu- lations, without competition, if he desires to do so. MinenU Land$. 15. Any person desiring to search over the Crown lands for petroleum, mineral oils, or coal shall transmit to the Sub-Intendant of Crown lands a petition, addressed to His Excellency the Oovcmor, stating the tract of Crown land over which he is desirous of searching. 16, Upon such petition being presented and approved bv the Governor, and upon the payment of a fee at the rate of one shilling per * ll 150 DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS—WEST INDIES. [1872. acre, licence will be aranted to tlie applicant to occupy the land named in the Licence for one ^ear, with excluaiye power to search in any part of it for petroleum or other mineral oil or coal, to set up works, sink wells, and export produce, subject how- ever tc the payment of such rates and duties as may be imposed by law upon such produce. 17. The tract of land to be included in each licence will not, except in special cases to be determined by the Governor, exceed 2,000 acres. 18. At the end of the year for which the licence has been granted, the licensee shall have the privilege of purchasing, at the upset price of Crown land ^r the time being, without competition, as much of the land as he may require for the continuance of his operations, not being less than 160 acres. 19. All expences of sur- vey and fees of grant must be paid by the ap- plicant. 20. The licences will not be transferable without the consent of the Governor. 21. Special licences will be granted to all persons purchasing Crown Jand to take coal therefrom, and from the adjoining lands (if power for that purpose be given V upon payment of a royalty of 6a. per ton on all coals so taken. 22. These licences will be issued for five years only, but will be renewable for 21 years more, if the licensee shall prove to thesatis- Atction of the Governor that during the said period of Ave years he has raised or taken from the land named in the licence 5,000 tons of coal. The re- newed licences will be liable to forfeiture by the Governor if a certain quantity of coal, to be here- after named by the Governor, shall not be raised or taken annually duringthe continuance of the licence. The Regulations under which grants of land are made to nnmigrants who commute their right to back passages will be found at page 50. St. Vincent. The Regulations for the sale of Crown lands are dated the 4th of December 1B69. The Crown lands are sold by auction, in lots of not less than SO acres each, at an upset price of 20«. per acre, in addition to the expences of survey and grant ; and lands once put up to auction and not sola may be disposed of by private sale at the upset price, unless the Go- vemorthinks fit to put them a second time to auction. The minimum quantity of land prescribed by these Regulations was 40 acres ; but that quantity has since been reduced to 20 acres as stated above. Dominica. The following is the substance of the regulations issuev in Sept. 1869, by the Lt. Governor of Dominica, for the disposal of Crown lands in that Colony. Crown lands, other than railage lots and special locations, are to be sold in lots of not less than 40 acres, at a minimum price of 1 L Applicants at the timeof their application are 'o make a deposit of 5«. per acre for expenses of suiTey, and after survey the land is to be advertized at the expense of the applicant in the official gaze'te ^nd island news- papers. At the expiration of one calendar month, if no objection ic raised, the land will be sold, — by auction if any other than the original applicant shall desire to bid for it ;— ten per cent of the price to be paid down, and the balance within one month. If the land is bought by any but the original appli- cant his deposit and expenses to be repaid to him. Village lots and the " Three chains " to be sold on the same conditions, but the former at an upset price of 5 dollars per 1,000 superficial feet, the latter at 6j. per chain. Leasehold lots in Roseau and Charlotte ville, — Crown lands formerly held on temporary occu- pation without any payment or held after the expi- ration of former leases, are to be sold by auction. Bahamas. The mode of sale is by auction, but the Governor is from time to time to name the upset price, which is never to be less than 6s. per acre. The upset price is now fixed at 10s. per acre. The ordinary size of the lots in the Bahamas is 20 acres, but lots of 5 acres may, if thought expedient, be disposed of. Honduras. It is stated by the Acting Colonial Secretary that very large tracts have been alienated in this Colony, and that others are let on leases for terms of years, being put up at auction and disposed of to the highest bidder, subject to the approval of the Superintendent. The minimum rate at which Crown land is sold is 2 dollars 50 cents. (10s. sterling) per acre. Turks Island and Caicos. The Ordi^mces which regulate the disposal of Crown lands are Nos. S and 8 of 1863. All Town and Suburban lots are to be sold by auction only, at upset prices to be fixed jy the President. All Country Lands are also to be put up to sale by auction at the fixed upset price of 4s. an acre ; but if not then sold, they may afterwards be purchased by private contract at *:;. sold 1872.] DISPOSAL OF CROWN LANDS— CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 161 Capk or Good Hopjc. The diapoMd of the Crown land* in this colony is regulated 6y Acts No. 2 of 1860, No. 19 of 1864, No. 4 of 1867, No. S4 of 1868, and No. 4 and No. 5 of 1870, The following is an abstract of tlie Act No. 2 of I860:— 1. The conditions and regulations relative to the disposal of Crown lands in this colony, published by Government Notice of the 1 7th May 1 844, or by sub- sequent notices, are cancelled, and in future all waste and unappropriated Crown lands will be sold subject to an annual quit rent on each lot, and at a reserved price sufficient at least to defray the costs of inspec- tion, erection of beacons, survey, and titledeed. 2. The sale will be by public auction at the office of the Civil Commissioner of the Division in which the land is situate, after four months' notice in the Government Gazette, by proclamation descriptive of the position and extent of the land intended to be sold ; but lands in the Cape Division shall be sold at Cape Town at such place as shall be notified in such proclamation. 5. The Quit Rent may be redeemed at any time upon payment of fifteen years' purchase, but when by future subdivision of a lot, and the quit rent thereon, any portion of the quit rent shall be less than ten shillings, it shall be obligatory upon the pre irietor of such portion within twelve months to redeem the quit rent at fifteen years' purchase. 4 and 5. The sales will be held on the following conditions as to the payment of purchase money, viz.: — The expense of inspection, survey, erection of beacons, and title deed shall be paid on the day of sale, and one fourth of the purchase money within three months. Failing either of these conditions, the sale is void. The remaining three fourths of the purchase money, or any portion, may be discharged at ouce, or (on deposit of the expense of the necess«.ry bond) mav be retained on first mort - gage of the land, payable in three equal instalments, at the expiration of five, six, and seven years resptc- tively, or at any previous time at the pleasure of the purchaser. Interest on the bond at the rate of 6 per cent, is payable annually to the Civil Commis- sioner of the district or to the Treasurer General in Cape Town. The Government may at any time discharge from mortgage any part of the lands so mortgaged if the Surveyor General certifies that the remainder of the land is equal in value to the amount of the mortgage. 6. In all cases in which there may be timber, or houses, or other valuable and destructible or perishable or exhaustible property on or within the limits of any lot, the Governor may, at his discretion, direct that a clause be inserted in the conditions of sale, requiring that the purchaser provide at the time of sale two good and sufficient securities for due payment of the purchase money, to the satis- faction of the Civil Commissioner of the Division, or the Surveyor General in case such land be sold in Cape Town. 7. The Lots will be sold subject to such ipecial servitudes and conditions as may be set forth in the conditions of sale, and the following general con* ditions, which must be stated in the title deed,Tii.:—> (a) The Quitrent payable. (b) All existing roads and thoroughfares described in the diagrams shall remain flree and un- interrupted. (c) That Government shall have the right to make new roads, railways, railway stations, aque- ducts, dams, and drains, to connect telegraphs over the land, or establish outspans, for the benefit of the public, on payment to the pro- prietor of such sum of money in compen- sation as shall, upon equitable valuation by appraisers, appointed on both sides,.be found just. ((/) With regard to lands on or adjoining the sea coast, or on the banks of public rivers (not in towns or villages), that Government shall have power to resume any portion thereof, when reouired for public purposes, on pay- ment to tne proprietor of a just and fair price for the same, according to valuation as under condition (e). (e) Lands adjoining public rivers or running streams shall be sold subject to leaving such water furrows made through or over them, as the Government shall direct, for the supply of water to lands lying at a distance. Com-. pensation is made as above (e). (/) No condition which is not clearly expressed shall be presumed to exist. 8. On settlement of the whole purchase money by bond or otherwise. Title Deeds will be issued to the purchaser. 9. Lands claimed as private property are not to be considered as Waste Land oi the Crown under these regulations if timely notice of the claim be given to the Colonial . .-cretary, and due diligence used to prove the claim. 10. The Governor may, with the concurrence of the Legislature, make Grants or Reserves for special public purposes. 11. 12, and 14. Municipal lands, town or village pasturage lands, lands containing valuable minerals, fishing stations, public outspans, or lands required for military stations, defence of tiie (Vontier, or other Sublic purposes, and the ea shore within 200 feet of igh water mark, are no', to be considered Waste Crown lands. 15. Provides for the kiIb of certain lands in the frontier districts, subject to the conditions of personal occupation, and of providing arms and armed men for the defence of the frontier. 16. Whenever any Divisional Council deems it ex- pedient that Wast9 Crown Lands shall bo sold, or when persons are desirous of becoming purchasers nf pp.mcular parts of such land, an applicatioa nay ccupation is a condition of the Cirant, on a further payment of seven years' Eurcha«e of the fine hnposed for non-occupancy, einf^ equivalent, as the Governor sUtes, to 20 years' ildditional quitrent. In this class of GranU therefore the redemption price will be equal to 43 years' quitrent. It further appears from the Governor's statement that the redemption money for the Com- mission land grants would be 28,1682., which, added to 18,779/. already received for quitrents, makes a total of 46,947'. The purchase money, therefore, which would ultimately be paid to the Government for the lands in these grants would be about S^d. per acre. On a similar basis of calculation, the purchase money for 27 grants to the Dutch boers would be a fraction above 2d., and on the 497 most recent grants 1*. 4^^ per acre. As by the terms of the law no redemption can take place of any land until all registered mortgages thereon have been paid off*, the process of conversion will probably not be very rapid. i*>ee Grants. — The conditions on which Grants of land are now made and pastoral lands are let to immigrants are as follows : "A settler with 500Z. capital or an annuitant of 50l a year will receive a Land Order for 200 acres with a 400 acre reserve. " A settler with 2501. capital will receive a Land Order for 100 acres with 200 acres reserve. " A settler with 100/. capital will receive a Land Order for 50 acres with 100 acres reserve. " The reserves will be purchaseable at 5«. an acre at any time within the first five years. " Coast lands, but without any reserve, will be allotted at the rate of one half the above Land Orders to the three classes of capitalists. " A settler witli a competent knowledge of farm- ing, and means to support himself ana his family till he can raise his crop, will receive a Land Order for 50 acres, to which a reserved commonage will be attached in localities where this is practicable. " Giants for the respective Land Orders will not be issued till afler two years, and then only on proof of continuous occupation of the land during eight months of each year. "Pasturage licences will be issued for land in class A, terminable at the end of each year. •' Applicants for Leases of pasturage lands in class B, before 1st January 1873, will be allowed a pre-emption over their runs at 5s. an acre ; but will nut be allowed to purchase less tlian the whole run. " Immigrants are allowed a period of 12 months afler their arr.val in the Colony for the selection of their lands, provided they do not quit the Col6ny during this period without the sanction of the Lieutenant Governor." Leases of good pastoral land in holdings of 1,000 acres, may be had at one penny per acre per annum. The lands are divided into two classes, A and B, the former being nearer, and the latter more remote from the settled districts. In A licences are issued for one year only, and in B leases for eight years. Both classes are subject to the conditions at actual occupation and stocking with at least one sheep for every 5 acres, or one horned beast for every S5 acres. Workable Go Id Fields have not been discovered ; but a law (No. 16 of 1869) has been passed to en- courage the searching for gold within the Colony. Rewards in proportion to the yield are offbred to discoverers who produce a sample of gold of not less than 2 OS. from C''own or private lands in Natal. The Falkland Islands. The disposal of land k regrulated by Ordinance No. 4 of 1871, amended as to its 13th section by a subsequent Ordinance of 1872. Ordinance No. 4 of 1871 repeals, save as to exist- ing rights and obligations, proclamations dated 31st July 1849, 4th of April 1867, and 2Ist of August 1867, relating to the disposal of the waste lands of the Crown (sec. 1"> It directs that Crown lands are to be sold by auction, afler notice, and in fee simple. The size of the lots is to be fixed by the Governor and Executive Council. The upset price may not be lower per acre than 100/. for town lots ; 2/. for suburban lots ; and 4s. for country lands (sects. 4, 6, and 9) ; but the limit of upset price may be varied by instructions of the Queen, through the Secre- tary of State (sec. 8). Reserves for public pur- poses are permitted (sec. 5). Country lands not sold at auction may after- wards be purchased at the upset price, if not with- drawn bv the Governor, for subsequent sale by auction (sec. 7). Licences to occupy for one year sections of 6,000 acres of land for pastoral purposes are granted to settlers on payment of 5/. for each section, but holders of two or more sections may obtain licences for two years. Before the expiration of the licence, the licensee, on condition of stocking the land and building a habitable house, may obtain a lease for 21 years, at an annual rent of 6/., a section for the first ten years, and 10/. for the remainder of the term (sees. 10 and 11). Within ten years lessees must purchase at the upset price for country lands, current at the date of their lease ; a block of 160 acres for each section included in the lease, and are at liberty to purchase at the upset price of the days any further quantity of land they may desire (Ordinance. 1872). Holders of land are entitled to kill wild cattle on their land (sec. 14, Ordinance No. 4, 1871). The Ordinance does not apply to lands within six miles of Stanley, or any proclaimed township (sec. 16). Proclamation bkspecting Wild Cattle in thb Falklands, 5th April 1861. His Excellency the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Executive Council, hereby makes 1872.] DISPOSAL OF LANDS— SIERRA LEONE. 155 known, that any penon holding a Licence or Leaie of a Station under the Proclamation of 4th of April 1861, and any person holding a grazing district under the Proclamation of 31st of July 1849, if the same be actuallv occupied, may obtain a licence to capture and kill Wild Cattle for his own use on the following conditions : — 1. Every person shall pay for each ox, bull, or cow captured 14 shillings, and for each calf running with the cow one shilling. 2. Where it appears tiTat the number of wild bulls is excessive, the Governor may grant to any holder of land as aforesaid permission to kill the same on payment of four shillings each. 3. In order to prevent interference among different Licencees, the Governor shall prescribe the limits within which each Licencee may kill or capture Cattle. 4. Every animal captured under these regulations shall be branded with the brand of the owner, which brand shall be registered in the ofHce of the Colonial Secretary when the licence is issued. 5. Every person holding a Licence under this Pro- clamation shall make a declaration every six months of the number and description of animals killed or captured by him during the preceding six months, and pay the fees thereon to the Colonial Secretary. 6. The Licence of any person making a false de- claration shall be revoked. 7. Every Licence granted under these regulations, and the number and description of animals killed and captured under each licence, shall be published from time to time on the Government Gazette Board. 8. On sufficient cause being shown, the Governor may, if he thinks fit, grant to any person, not being a holder of land as aforesaid, a Licence to kill on Crown lands such wild cattle as he may require for consumption only, on payment of a fee of 12. for each animaL The Proclamation of the 24th June 1867 relates only to the Crown lands in the West Falkland and Islands adjacent thereto. The Regulations con- tained therein are substantially the same as the pre- ceding Regulations for the East Falklands, with the following modifications : They withdraw the limit cf 6,000 acres fixed for Leases in the East Falkland ; they extend the leases from 10 to 20 years ; they require the erection of only one house on the land whatever be its extent, and they allow the p-.irchase in a single block of the land which the lessee is bound, during the first 5 years of his Lease, to buy in pro- portion to the extent of his Grant, i.e. 160 acres to each 6,000 acres leased. Deposits of 100/. eachtnay be made in this country with the Emigration Commissioners (in the manner to be learned by application at their office in Lon- don) for the purchase of Crown Lands in the Colony, and the depositors will be entitled to nominate for a free passage five adult labourers to be approved by the Commissioners, for every 100^ deposited, pro- vided the whole amount of passage nnoney and ex- penses does not exceed the sum deposited. SiXRRA LlONX. The following is an abstract of tho Regulations for the Sale of Crown lands, passed by the Governor in Council and dated IS April 1864. The regulations classify the lands into To-<■ alio reserved. It appean from a Despatch <.! the Governor, dated S8th December 1870, that seven country loU of land put up to tale were bought by Malay settlerj at prices varying from Sdols. ^Ocenu toi!6 dols. per acre, giving an average of nearly 15 dols. per acre, aa a premium on the leafes sold. United States. The following information relative to the disposal of lands in the United States is taken from the circular of the General Land Office, dated Washing- ton, 29th August 1870. Larid Lawi of the United State$. In the United States the public lands are divided into two classes, designated as minimum and fhuhle minimum. The minimum clasa comprises lands of which the price is fixed at one dollar and a quarter per acre, and the double minimum comprises landi of which the price is Hxed at 2| dollars per acre. The mode of acquiring public lands is, — (I), by purchase at public auction ; (2), by purchase at *' private entry ;" (3), by location with warrant ; (4), under the Pre-emption Laws ; or (5), under the Homestead Laws. Lands are " oflbred " at auction either pursuant to the President's proclamation, or to public notice from the General Land Oflice. Lands offered but not sold at auction and not withdrawn from public sale, may be purchased by written application for cash, at " private entry," and the title deed will be issued in exchange for the receipt of the money. In cases of locations with warrants, the application for purchase must be accompanied bv the warrant, and if the land located is of the double minimum class, by a cash payment of 1 dol. 25 cents per acre. The feet payable in respect of locations, range from I dollar for a 40 acre warrant, to 4 dollars for a 160 acre warrant. The Pre-emption Laws are comprised in the five following Acts, dated,— 2nd June 1862 Vol. 12. 3rd Mar. 1853) v„i in 27th Mar. 1854|^°'- ro- under these laws any head of a family, widow, or single man over the age of 21, being a citizen of the United States, or having filed a declaration of inten- tion to become a citizen, who has settled in person on any public lands, to which the Indian title is extinguisned, acquires a right of pre-emption over not cxreceding a quarter MCtion or 160 acres of the land, on payment of the minimum price of the land, subject to certain limitations and exceptions. In case of every <• alternate, reserved, or (Inited " States' .Section " along the line of railroads, the price is 2^ dollars, or such other minimum as may be in force at the time. Should the settler die before establishing his claim within the ]ieriod limited by law, the title may be perfected by his legal representatives. The Homeitead Act* nre dated. 20th May 1802 (Principal Act). 21st March 1864 ) .,.,,. . „ , o ... 15th July 1870] y ""** Naval Settlers. 21st June 1866 Extends the Principal Act to Alabama, Miitsissippi, Loui- siana, Arkansas, an(t Florida. All the public lands in these States must be disposed of under the provisions of the Act of 1862, and in no other manner. These laws give to every citiz«;n, i, id to those who I have declared their intention to become such, the ! right to a homestead on turveyed lands to the extent I ofieo acres of minimum or 1 dol. 25 cents lands, or ' of 80 acres of double minimum or 2 dol. 50 cents lands I in any organised district embracing surveyed public ! lands. To obtain the homestead, the applicant must make j an aflldavit before the registrar or receiver that he I is over the age of 21, or the head of a family, that I he is a citizen of the United Sutes, or has declared his intention to become a citizen ; that he has never borne arms against the Government, or given aid or comfort to its enemies ; and that the land is for his exclusive use and benefit, and for actual settlement and cultivation. Upon tiling the affidavit and pay- ment of the prescribed fees and commissions, per- mission to enter on the land is granted. The amount of fees and commissions payable by civilians, varies from 7 to 22 dollars, according to the quantity and class of the land applied for, and to the State in which it is situated. Upon proof of the settlement and cultivation of the homestead for the continuous term of five years, and of payment to the receiver, the registrar issues his certificate as the basis of a patent or complete title for the homestead. If the settler does not wish to remain Ave years on his land, he may pay for it with cash or warrants, upon proof of settlement and cultivation from 6 months from the date of entry to the time of payment. I0B LAND TABLES. [1872. I Table of Colonial Public Lands alienated and remaining for Alienation at the Date of the last returns. COIOHT. Amount alienated. Estinuited Amount remamingfor Alienation. Estimated Amount araiUble for Settlement. Sorreyed, and open for Settlement. Data of Return. KXMAau. NosTR AMnicAN Colonies. Acrta. Acre*. Aent, ^crsf. CHnsda, Provlnco ofOotario 81,879,048 .5«,727,8«3 .. a 3,418,432 31 Dec. o The total area f /the Province of „ ProTirice of Quebec 19j88«,884 ! 109,370,110 6J20,939 1871 Ontario, within the watershed IJriU»h Columbia - - - These partioolniM ciiunot be given with any aeenracy. of the St. Lawrence and the New Brunswick - - - 7,684^97 9,7«2,3«3 »f)OOfi(lO m)/m 1871 Lakes, is 77.606,450 1 and of the NoraSootla - - - 5,403,698 SfiilMl 500/)00 86,000 1866 Proviflce of Quebec, 13i,mjm ; '>pe Breton _ - - 813/>4« 1,807,438 856,870 777,488 1860 total, 212.009,260. Puiioe Kd ward Island - 1,390.720 37(400 87,400 1854 JifewfmindlaiMl - . - Bermudas - - - - ,ay«^) sayMOolooo Not known. None. None. 1886 1»I4 AnsTBALIAN COLOKIES. New South Wales - - 9,9,56,C3C 6 104,968,169 104,963,159 See re- marks, e SlDec 1868 t Include* 1,764/)61 acres sold con- ditionally. Queensland - - - - Vlotoria - _ _ 8/128,048 431/181,067 Sl,488/)00 1867 « The grazing leases eitend orer 8.«85,9,'i6 d 46,958,204 80,800,000 6,76,^,„- - 7,709,278 time to > and 6,000,000 > •• 1868 No later retnm. timo Uvge in Northern ( purchases mim the Island. J . natiTes. J Wmt Indies. Jamaica - - - - 2,386,840 837,682 6,000 13,000 1870 Bahamas _ _ _ 3,5S 1,834,702 Not stated. Not stated.! 1869 t Surveyed only after sale. Antigua - - - Not Stated. Not known. Not known. No surrey. 1868 'I- Dominiea- 061 Estimated I craage of (he isUnd, 186,486, 1871 8t. Christopher's - Mont«err«i No accurate information obtainable. Jil All. Noiie. None. None. .. « Boundaries of British Ouiana stiU liwris - - - Tortola - - - All (18,300) None. None. None. 1863 undeUned. No accurate informa- tion ohtfiinAhlfi ^AugniUa No return. No return. .. .. .. lilUU UUMUUAUlw. "E • /Barbados e-3 Grenada - - ■• "51 •< St. Vincent - - .23 Toba«o - - - p^ VSt.LnoIa- All. 74,888 Say 67,000. Not known. None. 3,000 Say 8,600. Not known. None. None. Not stated. Not known. None. None. 1863 1853 1870 1863 /The seoond column includea ** loan places," miHiiianary insti- tutions, commonages, land long since surveyed, the Kat River settlement, mountain raitga, kar- roo (desert) Utndii, fcc: and is given only approximately from the estimated area of the Colony, U9,663/)00 aeres. The 3d and 4th columns cannot, therefore, be Tiinldad - - - - BriUsh (Juianae - - - Honduras - - - - Tuiks Island and Caioos - 340,839 Say8,O0o;O0Oe No retnm. do. 872/141 Say45/)00/)00< No return. do. Say45/)00,00qr No return. do. Noiie. 1870 1668 ailed in till alter a general OXRn Colonies. survey. Cape of Good Hope 64,838,167 57,989,483/ ../ ../ 1870 g A large breadth of the alienated Natal 741»iS93» 4,880,907 3^76,348 None. 1869 Umds, vis., 8,086,149 acres, has IvMn rmenred la (rust ibr natives. Gamblfl, . - _ . Not stated. Notstated. Uncertain. Not ■tat'.d. 1841 Blerra Leone - - - No return. No return. No return. Gold Coast - - - - None. Uncertain. Uncertain. None. 1863 ft Oi-a, be bought at the upset price. Turks island and Caieoa Ditto ditto - - Ditto 4«. British Odaoa Fixed Price - - 10 dollars. Fmse Ubanxs. Trinidad .... Auction - - - - Upset price,— Aralila land, 11. Swamp land.lOs. Upset price 11. Minimum upset AvmA.'UAM COLO- Auction. mas;— Country lands not Town lands, 8fc Other W. I. Colonies Ditto . - - New Bfiuth Walei - sold at auction Suburban land, 21, Honduras - Auction - - . may afterwards be other lands, II, price, 20s. ' bought at the upset Cap0 of Gkwd Hope - Ditto, subjoot to a .;uit-rf at. No .ixed upset prioe. prioe. Conditional sale Is. per aere for 10 Qocwuland > - Auction and fixed price Townlands,8(. Su- years. burban, 11. and lit. Agricultural, Ifis. Natal - - - - Auction - - - - Upset price, it. sterling. Pastoral J(X.and<«. Ut. agricultural, 10*. and Sa.pastoral, payable in tea Frei Gbahti to Ira- Conditional purchase migranto fiO to MO acres acoordlng to oapiul. equal annual in- Mauritiua - Auction No fixed npset prioe. Upset prioe, to lie fixed by Uo- vernor, but not stalments, in ad- Ceylon - . - - Ditto - - - - dition to surrey fees. Homesteads - 80 acres agrionltura! land, at quit rent to be less than Ml. sterling. The lowest fixed 9j. an acre, or 160 Hong Kong • Ditto. Only leases pastoral at quit granted. rental fbr build- Fmsr Okahtb - rentof6second of the whole, had been opened up. The areas actually occupied by the miners formhiiiig purposes in December 1870, were as follows ; — Held and worked "claims" under "^ a. r. p. the byelaws of the Mining > 56,591 2 36 Boards - - - -} Protected by certificates, &c. - 10,949 3 Leases for years, 1,615 for - 26,651 2 5 Total 93,993 5 It appears from a return from the Office of Mines, dated 1st February 1870, that the number of square miles of auriferous ground actually worked upon in the several mining districts wa.s 905|, or 579,680 acres. Gold is found to occur, not only in the quartz veins and the alluvial deposits derived from these and the surrounding rocks, but also in the clay stone itself; and, contrary to expectation, flat bands of auriferous quartz have been discovered in dykes of Diorite, which intersect the upper Silurian or lower Devonian rocks. Quartz of quite extraordi- nary richness has been obtained from those bands, and the new experience of the miner is leading him to look for gold in places heretofore neglected. It is probable that some time may be lost, and that his labours may not always be well directed or success- ful ; but it is commendable that he should not be deterred from exploration by warnings and remon- strances founded on surmises often baseless. If he had closely followed the older precepts, we should at this moment have been dependent for our yield of gold on the shallower alluvions and the surface only of the veins of quartz. The miner is, however, prospecting the deeper tertiaries, with well grounded hopes of success ; and some of the shafts which have l)een sunk to penetrate the veins are as deep as 713 feet. From these levels very rich (]uartz has been obtained. Auriferous quartz t)«in*.— Numerous nuartz veins arc found in all those parts of the colony where the schist rocks appear at the surface ; and they are met with also rutting the older sedimentarv rocks under the tertiaries. The strata in whicn they occur present generally a low degree of metanior- phism, and in many places are unaltered. The veins vary in thickness from an eighth of an inch to 150 feet ; and some, almost as thin as paper, intersect rocks containing palaeozoic fossils, and in such a manner as almost to cut the fossils; but tlie delicate structure of the casts is not altered, nor are any of the interspaces filled with quartz. If we collect the magnetic bearings of all the known auriferous reefs, we find that the northerly and southerly veins, with rare exceptions, follow the strike of the rocks which thev intersect, and are confined within the lines of oscillation of the mag- netic declination. The easterly and westerly veins seem to conform to the same law. This is true o( the quartz veins intersecting the palaeozoic rocks; but there are auriferous quartz veins in granite, where this rock abuts on metamorphosed sUtc, which appear to be of more recent formation ; and lately veins of quite remarkable richness have been discovered lying as flat and nearly parallel bands in dykes of syenitic diorite. In working a quartz vein, a shaft is sunk either on the crown of the hill where the vein is found, or the reef is penetrated by an adit, and as the dip of the reef is commonly at a high angle, lateral exca- vations are made from the snaft or adit at various levels, from which the auriferous rock is excavated. The quartz brought to the surface is broken into pieces, and passed through inclined spouts to the stampers, which resemble the ordinary stampn used in other countries for dressing ores. They weigh about seven hundredweight each, and one stamp strikes about 60 blows per minute. A ten horse- power engine will give motion to eight stamps, The crushed quartz iscarried by water over copper ripples, where the gold is brought in contact with mercury. Once a week or oftener, the ripples are cleaned out, and the amalgam retorted. Since the first publication of the mi^iingstatistics, information has been obtained up to 31st December 1870, respecting the yield of gold from 7,603,619 tons of quartz crushed in the colony. The average per ton wfis 1 1 dwts. 4-57 grs. The piice of crushing ranged from '2s. Gd. to 1/. lO.s-. Auriferotis alluvions. — The quantities of gold ob- tained "by the alluvial miners daring th. past eight years are, as nearly as can be ascertained as follows : — 1803, 1,133,567 ozs,; 1864, 1,041,831^ ozs. ; 1865, 1,093,801 ozs.; 1861), 958,177 ozs,; 1867, 873,160 ozs,; 1868, 1,069,804 ozs.; in 1869, 810,777 ozs. ; 1870, 673,815 ozs. The deposits of gold are found at various depths ; in some places in the soil at the surface, and at othera as far down as .SOO, 40f), and 500 feet. The strata are of dillerent ages, and their character and position determine the mode of operations. Gold is obtained in many places from the shallow gullies and the auriferous soils in the vicinity of quartz veins by the old fashioned methods. The tub and cradle are still used by the poorer miners, even on the old gold fields, and the prospector who finds a new gold field is glad to avail himself of these. The Chinaman may be seen everywhere scraping the earth from the hill sides, or laboriously draining old excavations in the shallow alluvions, in order to get at the wash dirt; and if he is not 1872.] MINING INFORMATION, GOLD, &c. 161 able to purchase a horac and a puddling machine he washes the earth in boxes and cradles. When the gold fields were first discovered, very large quantities of gold were obtained by the simple process of witshing the earth in a tub, and nuggets of large size were unearthed from quite shallow pits. Where the position of the strata admits of it gold is separated from the earth by the operation of sluicing, and in a few places by the hydraulic method. In order to reach the older auriferous deposits, it is necessary to sink deep shafts ; and in consequence of the course of the lead not being apparent on the surface it frequently happens that the shaft pene- trates the bed rock at a considerable distance from the putter. In such a case the shaft is sunk through the schist to a sufUcient depth, and exploring drifts are carried as far as 1,2(X) feet or 1,5(X) feet before the auriferous gravel is touched. The quantity of auriferous drift overlying the palaiozoic rocks at Ballarat is very cnsiderable. It is found not only in the main leads, but also in the numerous tributaries of these, and in isolated patches. The washdirt varies in thickness from 1 to 12 feet, and iheaverage yield of gold is from 10 dwts. to 2^ ois. per cubic yard. The mines at Ballarat are rapidly extending south- wards and westwards ; and, travelling from the Divid- ing Range towards Kokewood, one sees everywhere talT chimneys and engine houses and vast spoil heaps. The shafl.) vary in depth from 50 to 500 feet, They ai'e lined and supported by wooden slabs about 8 inches in width and 'i)i inches in thickness, and there are two compartments fitted with slides in which cages run. Many of the mines are exten- sive and well conducted, and they are under the control of managers who are fully competent to undertake large and important works. The auriferous earth is composed of quartz, gravel, sand, and clay, and the gold occurs in small grains, scales, and occasionally in large waterworn pieces, weighitig sometimes as much as 1,000, 2,000, or 3,000 ozs. The mode of extracting the gold from the earth is simple, and the machinery employed is inexpensive. On the 5th February 18/39 a nugget named the "Welcome Stranger" weighing 2,280 ozs. was found at Moliagul about an inch from the surface. In March of the same year a nugget was found at Berlin weighing 893 ozs. ; and in the months of May and October following two others were dis- covered in the same locality quite near the surface. They were named the Viscount Canterbury and the Viscountess Canterbury, and weighed respectively 1,105 ozs. and 884 ozs. During the year 1870 several large nuggets were found, the principal of which were — One on 31st May, at Berlin, weighing 1,121 ozs.; another at the same place, on 3rd October, weighing 896 ozs. ; and a third on the 11th November, at Mclntyre's diggings, and only a few inches <'ri>m the surface, weighmg';52 ozs. The total estimated value of the mining tiaims on the Slat December 1870 was 7,684,178?., and of the machinei-y employed in mining 2,128,896/, The following is an Estimate of the Metals and Minerals raised in the colony, from the first dis- covery of the Gold fields to the 31st December 1870. Gold. Silver. Tin. Quantity exported from the £ date of the first discovery to the 31st December 1870, 39,399,328 ozs. 6 dwts. at 4/. peroz. - - 157,597,313 Ore raised, 11,348 tons. l*roduce of silver tVom ore treated, 18,353 ozs. 8 dwts. at 5«. dd. per oz. - - 5,047 Ore exported, 2,601 £ tons 2 cwt. - - 192,936 Ore exported, 92 tons 9 cwt. at 70/. per ton 6,471 Ore exported. 177 tons, 10 cwt, at 52/. 10*. per ton - - 9,318 Ore exported, 269 tons, 1 cwt. - - 17,551 Ore exported, 146 tons, 16 cwt. - - 9,524 Tin exported, say 3 tons 12 cwt. 3 qrs. 12 lbs. at 140/. per ton - 510 Tin exported, say 7 tons 16 cwt. . - - 729 Tin exported, say 14 cwt., at 140/. per ton 98 Tin exported, say 15cwt. 157 Copper. Ores raised about 855 tons. Smelted, 31 tons 7 cwt, at 112/. per ton - 3,511 Regulus, 70 tons 16 cwt, 1,969 Rough copper, 10^ tons 320 237,294 Antimony, Ore raised, 2,955 tons 15 cwt. 26 lbs. - Ore raised, 435 tons, at 6/. per ton Ore raised, 272 tons, at 9/. per ton Ore raised, 510 tons, at 7/. per ton Ore raised, 199 tons, at 4/. per ton Ore raised, 1,661 tons 3 cwt. 32,102 2,610 2,448 3,370 796 13,669 5,800 Lead. Coal, Lignite, Kaolin, Flagging. Slates. Ore raised, 100 tons, at 6/. per ton 2,033 tons at 1/. 10». per ton 91*7 tons at 17». Gd. per ton - 1,757 tons at 4/ per ton 78,660 square yards - 22,370 3,918 tons - - 6,206 11,000 at 8/. per 1,000 160 tons at 4/. per ton 88 640 53,195 600 3,049 872 7,028 28,576 Magnesite. 6J tons at 2/. per ton Diamonds. About 89 carats at an average of say 1/. per carat Sapphires. Numbers cannot be estimated, say 728 12 S9 160 Total £157,941,754 162 GOLD EXPORTED, &c. FROM AUSTRALIA. [1872. ! 11 I f Hi I 11 The prices of thu geveral ores, 0,730 8i502,920 130 16 4-08 18,15 2,751 ,,'Mi5 1 1/106,140 imi 7 2-75 1856 2,9!<5,9!)1 ll,943/)64 103 U i»r,7 2,762,400 11,049,840 8;^ 7 9-60 1858 2,ii28,478 10,113,912 68 12 8-39 1859 2,28(»,9.')0 9,123,800 72 10 11-27 1860 2,156,680 8,626/140 79 9 3 1861 1,;K}7,420 7,h09,«80 74 16 11 1B62 1,058,207 6,633,828 67 14 5-U 1803 l,'i2IVi72 6,507.488 70 9 0-42 1804* 1,. 544,694 6,17(1,776 74 1 9-29 1865 1,.->4:J,8«1 6,176,204 74 4 209 186(1 1,479,194 54)16,776 80 8 3 mi7 1,438,687 5,734,748 87 1 7 1868 l,l>.'.7,4n8 rt,629/)92 104 18 8 1W!9 i;)40,8S« 5,363 /WS2 70 7 0'87 1870 1,222,79!* 4,891,19J 81 6.46 Total 38,132,086 152,528/}44 — JV'oii'.— From 1851 to 1868, inclusive, the gold ohtaiiiod is esti- mated as divided arannsst the entire populnlion of iKr i/oltlJiHda ; since 1850, umonpst only those pt.rtons actually moaned in mining. New South Wales. The quantity of gold produced nt the mines in New South Wales cannot be accurately ascertained; but the following Table shows the qtiantity and esti- mated value of {.^old exported since the coininciice- iiient of discoveries in JMuy and October 1851. This Table is taken from thu Annual "Statistical Hegister" of the colony. — Yeo-r. Hew South Wales. Quantity exported. Volue. or. £ i&n 144,120 468,336 1862 962,873 S/500,175 1853 648,052 1,781,171 1864 237,010 7734809 1865 "64,384 209,250 1866 •42,463 I.S8.007 1857 2.'>3,564 983,860 1858 264,907 994,980 1859 436,99,'f l,fi98,W8 1860 483,012 l,876/)49 1861 488,293 1/190,908 1862 099,.WO 2,715,037 1863 605,722 a,861,9>J9 1864 721,297 2,951/171 ]8(» 682/S31 2,647,668 1866 742,260 2/)24,89l 1867 4.U,775 2,170,188 1868 487,699*14 l/i95/)29 1869 641,(X»-12t 2,489,145 1870 411/)81-]8 1/8,1780 1871 Total 58,S492-10i 2,074/)37 9,903,946'16 38,231,121 * Theostablisbnientot'a Mint at Sydney will account fortlie small amount of gold exported In 1856 and 18.'i6. Gold Fields. The followini; Table shows the Population at the Gold Fields on Slst December 1870. FopuUtion. Name of Ooid Field. 1 Males. 1 Females, Persona. illiopc and Bayne 151 101 25,5 Caniaaii,! K.ioombit 408 7C 484 Capo Uivor _ _ _ 665 ](K) 75-, Kocklianipton - _ . 1,6110 SOU l/i»6 tiilhert Uuuges - . . 1,042 108 1,745 Oyiiipifi - - - - 1,920 '2jm 3/)20 Kilkivan - _ - - 112 78 10") Kavenswood - - - 1,301 100 1,401 Yalilicr - - - . 358 140 408 I'eak Downs _ . _ 237 •W 287 Taljfiii OnnnI Creek and Lucky Valley - - - . 80 M 1.1S 8,460 8,107 iiise? 72. 1872.] GOLD EXPORTED, <«c. FORM AUSTRALIA. 163 es 0. ir the the 2,V« 4Hi 7r,r, ,745 ,920 lO"! ,41)1 408 287 in» The number of miners' rights, and business li- cense is.«>">d at the several gold fields were respec- tively 7,566 and 398. Gold Mining Comjianies registered. Uold Field. Number of Companies. Cape Hiver - - - Rockhampton Gold Fields - Gympie _ - - Pealt Downs - - - 11 4 391 1 407 The number of quarts reefs actually proved to be auriferous amounted to 275 and the extent of auri- ferous, alluvial and quartz ground worked upon was 1,377 8(|uare miles, exclusive of the Gilbert Range Gold Fields, on which the area of ground worked upon had not been ascertained owing to many of the workings being far apart ; but the Gommis- sioner states that gold ha.s been discovered over an aroa of 4,0C0 square miles. Machinery on the Gold Fields, The following Table shows the number and description of machines in operation on the gold fields and the approximate value thereof ; — Quartz orushtng Machines (Steam.) Pumping and Winding Maobiues. Approximate Value of Num- ber of Ma- chines. Agcre- eate Hores Power. Num- herot Stamps. Nura- her. Aggre- gate Horee Power. Machinery 01) Gold Fields. 23 S44 864 1 18 S3 e ,. d. £4^3 The result of quartz crushing, so far as could be ascertained, was as follows : — Name of Gold Field. Calliope and Bayne Cape Kiver - - Kockhampton - Gympie Kilkvan KavflnsWood Peak Powna Tons of Quartz crushed. 240 816 lO'OOOJ ;10-lt!8 1-208 3"2(ifl 6MA Total Gold produced. os.dKt.qrs. 480 1,103 12,195 18 11) 24,M« 18 1,507 l.'i II 8iil7 ir. »!.■; 7 18 Average yield per Ton. OS. dwt. qrs. 2 3 13 13 1 a » 2 8 6 1 4 23 2 14 19 17 Total 2a-783lg;49,3oa 13 1 18 21-5 The prices charged for crushing quaits and ce- ment ranged from 12i, fy/. to 40*. per ton. The lowest price charged was on the Uockhampton Gold Fields, and the highest at Ravvnswood. Average price of gold per ounce. Calliope Cape River - Rockhampton Gilbert Ranges Gympie Kilkivan Ravenswood - Peak Downs - £ 1. d. S 10 3 10 •i 12 C 3 5 G 8 2 10 3 10 3 13 Gold exported 1870. Port of Shipment. llrishane Alary Glatiatone lineklianipton Itowen - 'I'owniivllle Bween Island Total Quantity. 01. dwt. qra. 3,429 40,110,'! 3,897 17 21 81,077 738 17 S2,039 58« 7 14 130,773 S Value. £ 12,324 100,740 10,187 117,483 184,264 2,019 489,588 Export of Gold 'jv Eleven Years. Year. quantity. I860 1861 18f- 1> i8 'J(i4 180.'> IHOO 1807 1808 1869 1870 ounces. 4,127 1,077 1H9 3,930 82.087 25.:)38 22,910 49.091 105,801 138,321 130,778 Value. £ 3,928 A2fi 14,802 8.1.292 0^,!I3H H5,«U 189,248 593,510 52.'l,04.'> 489/S39 QUHENSLAND. The quantity of gold exported from Queensland in 1868 was 166,000 oas. ; value, computed at 80«. per 664,000?.; in 1869, 138,221 ozs. 9 dwts. 15 grs., value 523,045/. oz.. l2 164 GOLD EXPORTED, &c, FROM NEW ZEALAND. [1872. RETURN of the Quantity and Value of Gold Exported from New Zealand, from 1st April 1857, to 30th September 1871. Port of Kxport. Auckland I'lcton Melton Wellington Nolson Wcftport (Jreyimmtli (Ireymouth llokitika OkariUi Lytteiton Dunedin InTeroorgtll Prodnee of thn Gold Fieldi in the Province of Quarter ended 3Ut December 1809. Auckland Marlborough If Wellington Nelson - Weatlnnd Otago To Orent Britain 2U,U21 '178 1,328 l',d08 1,104 fl,»23 Total* To New South Wales. 01,(»1 AOO To Vic- toria. To other ,^ Totals^ Value. Exported previous to the SOtli September 1809. Quantities. Value. oz. 13,070 12,«2.T 12,372 8,403 24,.^'.« 1,147 1 23,322 840 I 6'M 01,780 62,071 U0,5JO Total Exported from New Zealand to the Slst December 1801). Quantities. Value. 12(1,220 4.-*,2n7 MM) 178 2,000 712 (178 2,712 1,330 12,n2:i 14,038 .1.320 f.0.4()2 .M,152 27,901 111,904 9,027 24,3.'i(l 1,147 .■W,.')08 07,424 4,A88 3.'.,131 WOfWl 20,84,'. 1,43(1 119,880 5,720 31, 27.5 125,100 221,304 838,507 oz. 448,258 87,074 [ 1,005,1 30 018 1,542,148 I 2,803,881 6,897,900 £ 1,534,080 145,498 120 4,215,006 0,074,907 10,946,960 22,018,177 oz. 574,487 80 1,093,909 1,577,279 2,835,156 0,119,213 1,0:2,843 148,310 120 4,837,900 0,215,491 11,072,000 23,756.064 ' !ii COMPARATIVE RETURN of the Quantity and Value of Gold Exported from the several Provinces of New Zealand for the Quarters ended 30th September 1871, and 30th September 1870. Provinces. Quarter ended 80th September 1871. Quarter ended 30th September 1870. Quantities. Value. Quantities. Value. Auckland . - - Oz. 120,229 e 458,207 Oz. 16,106 £ 60,033 Marlborough 078 2,712 433 1,782 Nelson _ _ _ 27,991 111,064 83,990 135M) Wcstland - - - 35,181 140/121 30,128 144,612 Otago . . - Southland - - - Total* 1 31,275 125,100 30,238 \ 1,159 144,952 4,608 221,304 838,507 124,047 402,097 Customs Department, Wellington, 17th October 1871. 2. 1872.] CANADIAN DOMINION— GOLD MINING, LAND CLEARING. 165 es British Columbia. Gold was known to exist in Queen Charlotte's Island in 1850, and in April 1856 Governor Douglas reported to the Secretary of State that considerable quantities of gold had been found in the Upper Co- lumbia River. It was subsequently discovered in its natural state of deposit in the districts of Fraser River and of Thompson's River, commonly known as the Quaatlan, Coutcau, and Shuswap countries. Rich and extensive gold Helds were in the summer of 1865 discovered in that portion of the Columbia River known as the '* Big Bend," lying between 51** and 529 North Latitude. Nova Scotia. The following is an extract of a Report from H. G. Pineo, Esq., the Immigration Agent, dated Halifax, 18th February 1864:— "There has been a gradual and successful de- velopment of the mineral resources of the province. The prosperity of the £da mines has materially increased, and those engaged in them have come to expect large or, at all events, profitable returns of gold, almost as a matter of course, and they are very rarely disappointed. The gold produced in 1865, as reported to the Commissioner of Mines and Minerals, averages 8«. 6d. sterling per day for every man employed. Mr. Pineo adds, in January 1867: "The gold mining in 1866 has produced rather lesc than in 1865, in consequence of the prevalence of very wet weather during the summer, which retarded the sinking of shafts and all surface work. The gold produced averages 2 dols. 14 cents or 8s. Id. sterling per head per day for every man employed." No later information has been received from the Colony respecting mining operations. Charges on Land and Expenses of Clearing. Canadian Dominion, Quebec The cost of clear- ing waste lands is stated at about ^IG (or about 3/. Gs, 8d, sterling) per acre; the expense i3,however, greater in the remote and unsettled districts, in con- sequence of the difficulty of procuring labourers. The only charge on land is a tax which seldom ex- ceeds Id. per acre on cultivated lands, and three eighths of a penny currency on wild lands. Ontario. — The cost of clearing wild lands is about from 12 to 14 dollars per acre. The ex- pense is, however, greater in the remote districts, in consequence of the difficulty of procuring la- bourers ; but this work is generally done by contract. The only charge on land is a tax which seldom ex- ceeds la. per acre. It is applied to local improve- inents alone, in which the person taxed has a direct interest. New Brunswick. — The average cost of cutting and clearing off the trees, leaving the stumps stand- ing, is from 3/. to 4/. currency (2l. 14». to 3/. 12». sterling) per acre. The proper season to commence clearing the land is the month of June. All under- brush Aoould be cut down, and this is in some cases done with a scythe ; but the small trees require an axe. The large trees should then be felled, leaving a stump of two or three feet above the ground. The branches should be cut off before setting the fire, and such trees as mav be of value for fencing or other purposes removed. The timber thus levelled should be spread as evenly as convenient over the ground, in order that the fire may consume the whole. The proper time for setting the fire is any dry day in August or September. Such logs as remain after the burnings should be piled in heaps and consumed. The ashes should then be scattered over the land, when it will be ready for planting. The tax on a ^ood fann of 100 acres with houses, barns, and stock, IS about 4s. 4(/. sterling. The poll tax in the country districts is about 3d. sterling. Nova Scotia. — Woodland can be chopped, rolled, and burned for about 3/. per acre. As a general rule the first crop pays for such clearing. There is a moderate county tax upon all real and personal estate, the proceeds of which are applied to the county expenses. Prince Edward Island. — The clearing expenses vary from 2l. to 4l, per acre, according to the growth of the wood upon the land. The only charges are those made from time to time bv local assess- ment. There is a tax imposed by the local legis- lature of 9». 2d. currency on every 100 acres of wilder- ness land, and 6«. Sd. currency on every 100 acres of improved land in the possession of individuals, 11 Vict, cap.7., and 24 Vict. cap. 35 (29th April 1861). This tax in 1854 amounted to 4,921/. currency, and in 1863 to 4,569/. It is applied to free education. Newfoundland. — Land may be cleared by the ordinary mode at a cost of about 31. per acre, or if the stones are thoroughly removed, at from 6/. to 6/. 10». per acre. Ca fe of Good Hope. — The land generally requires little or no clearing. Fences are seldom required. Lands already granted are liable to a road tax, which, however, is not levied regularly, and cannot exceed one penny in the pound in any year. New South Wales. — No useful information can be given, there being no fixed process where clearing is required, and the cost being depen- dent on the process, and the timber, if any, to be cleared. South Australia. — There is much good land, with little or no timbei', and much more, free fVom underwood, with timber only in such quantity as is useful and desirable for fencing, fuel, and country purposes. The expense of ordinary fencing is from 3«. to 4s. per rod. Queensland. — The average cost of cutting down and burning off the trees, leaving the stumps of those over two feet in diameter, is 4/. per acre In the low lands, where the timber is thicker than in the upland. Trees of smaller growth are usually " grubbed " out by digging around the roots till they 166 LAND PRIVILEGES TO OFFICERS. [1872. can be easily overturned by the weight of the branches, and then the roots are drawn out of the ground. The roots of the larger trees are left two or three seasons, and then got rid of by an easy and simple p"oce»8 called *• steaming." After the first expense jf clearing this further process may be well omitted for severaT years. In many localities, espe^ cially on the lands belt suited for wheat, there is little timber, and the expense of clearing is very much less. Generally there is enough timber of the best description for fencing, having the double advantage of being very durable and being easily split. Western Australia. — Except in occasional patches of swamp lands, the average cost of clearing IS from 21. to 51. per acre. Tasmania. — The following is an estimate of the cost of preparing heavy forest land for the plough : 1st year. — Scrubbing per acre, i.e., felling all trees not over a foot through, and "ringing" all large standing ones £1 10 Burning off same » > - - 10 *2 2nd year. — Burning off stubbles and grubbing up all small stumps left after last year's operations, which fits the land for ploughing • - - 1 10 Srd year. — Removing fallen logs, grubbing roots, &c. - - - 10 Total per acre - ^£4 Nkw Zealand. — Fern-land, 10». to 11. 10«. ; wood- land, 3l. to 10{., according to the size of the timber. This does not include the breaking-up of the soil. Notice on Colonial Land Privileges to Naval AND Military Officers. {To take effect from the 1st October 1870.) This notice is issued bv the Secretarv of State for the Colonies, for the iniormation of officers wish- ing to retire from Her Majesty's Naval or Military service for the purpose of settling in those Colonies which offer privileges to that class of settlers in the acquisition of Crown lands. 1. ColonieB which offer Privileges. The only Colonies which now offer land privileges to naval and military officers are British Columbia, Natal, and Western Australia. 2. Officers entitled to Privileges. The officers to whom such privileges are offered are : (a) naval officers of the military branch of all grades not lewer than that of sub-lieutenants ; (6) military officers of all grades not lower than that of subalterns of 7 years' standing; (c) regimental staff officers ; and (u) medical officers of both services of not less than 6 years' standing. 3. Officers not entitled to Privileges. The officers not entitled to land privileges are naval and military chaplains, commissariat officers, subalterns under 7 years' standing, medical officers of less than 5 years' standing, midshipmen, cadets, warrant officers of every description, officers of any of the civil branches of the Navy or Army ; and, lastly, officers who have ceased for the space of three calendar months to belong to Her Majesty's service, and have not obtained the memorandum of rank and service herein-after mentioned. 4. Nature and extent of Privileges. In British Columbia a certain quantity of land is granted in lieu of remission of purchase money. In the other above-named Colonies, land must be purchased under the Land Regulations for the time being in force in the Colony, and a certain amount of the purchase money is then remitted. These allowances are regulated by the rank and length of service of the officer as shown in the following scales, viz. : In British Columbia : Aoi«a. Field ofliaers of 25 years' Bervice in the whol* - - 600 Do. 80 do. do. - - £00 1)0. 15 do. do. - - 400 Captnina of 30 years' aenrioe and upwarda in the whole 400 Do. 15 years' service or less in the whole 300 Subalterns of 20 years' service and upwards in the whole 300 Do. 7 do. do. 800 In Natal, and Western Australia : Field officers of 25 years' service and upwards in the whole ---------- 800 Field oBicers of 20 years' service and upwrj^ in the whole ----------500 Field officers of 15 or less years' service in the whole - 400 Captains of 20 years* service nnd upwards in the whole 400 Captains of 15 years' service or less in the whole - - 800 Subalterns of 20 years' service and upwards in the whole 300 Subalterns of 7 years' service and upwards in the whole 200 Although these scales refer only to militanr officers, they apply also to naval officers, who will receive allowances corresponding with their rela- tive rank to officers in the arm^ as prescribed in Her Majesty's Order in Council or 11th June 1863. 5. Memoranditm of Bank and Service. Any officer desirous of availing himself of these privileges must obtain a memorandum, if a naval man from the Lords Commissioners of the Admi- ralty, and if a military man from the offfce of the General Commander in Chief, specifying his rank, length of service, and date of retirement. This document will not be issued more than once to the same officer, and it must, within one year from the date of the officer's retirement, be presented to the Governor of one of the above-named Colonies, other- wise the officer will not be entitled to any land privileges in the Colony. No document from the office of the Secretary of State is necessary. 6. Location Ticket. As the sole object of the regulations is to en- courage the hond fide settlement of naval and mili- tary officers in the Colony, an officer, on presenta- 1872.] LAND PRIVILEGES TO OFFICERS. 167 tion of his memorandum of rank and service to the Governor, will receive in the first instance a location ticket only, for the land which in British Columbia he may obtain, or which in either of the other Co- lonies he may have purchased to the extent of his remission money. 7. Crown Grant. At the expiration of two years from the date of such location ticket the omcer will receive in ex- change for it a Crown Grant, provided he can show to the satisfaction of the Governor, but not other- wise, that he is a bond fide settler in the Colony, and has not only continuously resided therein since the receipt of his location ticket, but that he has resided on the land described in it for such leneth of time, and made substantial and permanent im- provements thereon of such description and value, as the Governor may have prescribed in any general notice published by his authority in the Government Gazette of the Colony. [N.B. The term of residence and the extent of im- provements at present required are as follows : In British Columbia, that the officer or his family shall reside continuously on the land for two yenri" and build a house and make improvements. In Natal that the officer shall reside on the land for not less than six months in each of the two years since he received his location ticket, — that he shall build a house and farm buildings to the satisfaction of the Surveyor General, and cultivate or stock his land in such a manner as may be certified by the Surveyor General to show a banA fide intention to continue in the beneficial occupation of the land, or to have imparted to it an enhanced saleable value. In Western Australia, that the officer shall reside on the land for at least half the two years he is re- quired to reside in the Colony, and has made sub- stantial and useful improvements to the extent of lOf. an acre, such residence and improvements to be certified by the resident magistrate of the district. ] 8. Lapte of Claim of Crown Grant not applied for in time. If application should not be made for a Crown grant m exchange for the location ticket within a twelvemonth from the expiration of the two years for which it was issued, the oflicer's claim will be considered as extinguished, and the land will abso- lutely revert to the Crown. 9. Land not transferable until Grant issued. No transfer of the land will be allowed or be valid until a Crown Grant thereof has been obtained. 10. Provision in case of Death. But if an officer has obtained a memorandum of rank and service, and dies before he can obtain a location ticket, the Governor of the Colony is autho- rized to make the memorandum available as he may think proper in favour of a child or children or other nearest representative of the deceased, who will then become entitled to the same rights and be subject to the same conditions as attached to the deceased. In case an officer dies after the location ticket has been obtained, the land to which it refers will be granted to his legal representative. 11. Permanence of the RegulaHons cannot be guaranteed. As the land regulctions in the above-named Colo- nies are liable at any time to be altered. Her Majesty's Government cannot guarantee the permanence of these regulations, nor can the amount of remission in purchase money made to officers be increased on account of any increased value which may at any time be set upon the Crown lands in the Colony. 168 CLIMATE— N. AMERICAN COLONIES. [1872. CLIMATE. NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES. Dominion or Canada. Tablk of Mean Monthly and Annual Temperatures at Toronto, Province of Ontario, from 1840 to 1871> and from 1859 to 1868. From the Records of the Magnetic Observatory, by Professor Kingston. Jru. Feb. March. April. M»y. June. July. Auguit. Sept. Oct. Nor. Dec. IMO) to 1871) o 23*0» o 23-113 20*68 41*13 o 51*63 o 61 *a o 67*29 o 66*08 o 58*04 45*86 86*«3 o 85*84 1850 1808 21 '68 23-84 20-87 41*09 5209 62*01 67-91 6506 57*25 40-29 37-24 24-86 Mean Annual. o 44*15 44*18 Mean Monthly and Annual Precipitation at Toronto, from 1840 to 1871. Rain ami snow - > Rain Number i of fair dnyii - 1 Jan. Feb. Maroh. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Not. Deo. In. 2*977 In. 2*825 In. 2*840 In. 2-U78 In. 3*201 In. 2-978 In. 3*248 In. 3*021 In. 3*710 In. 2*470 In. 3-305 In. 3*008 1-1!28 0-894 1-618 2-439 3-254 2-978 8-248 3-021 3-716 2-389 2-077 l-)'>54 11 U 14 10 17 17 18 18 19 16 13 11 Mean Annual. In 80*303 29*416 181 Average Temperature for the Summer and Winter Quarters. Toronto. Montreal. Quebec. St. John's. Halifax. Summer quartor ... Winter quarter - o 68-0 24*0 o C7*3 19*8 o 65*C U*S O 57*8 20*4 62*0 2.1*8 Tempeuatcrk. Average 1871. of Extremes. 30 years. o o O Mean temperature of the year • 43*81 44*16 46*30 in 18i6 42*16 in 1850. Warmest month August July July 1868 At)g. 1860. Mean temperature of the warmest month 67*37 67*33 75*80 64*46 Coldest month - - . . Decemlier February Jan. 1857 Feb. 1848. Moan temperature of the coldest month 1«*!)0 2-2*97 12*76 20*60 Ditlerenco between the temperatures of the^ warmest and the coldest months - -i 47-47 41*36 Wannest day .... August 4 — July 14, 1868 July 31, 1844. Mean temperature of the warmest day • 70*13 77*73 84*60 72-75 Coldest day Feb. 4 — Feb. 6. 1866 Jan. 22, 1867 Dec. 22, 1842. Mean temperature of the coldest day -7-2 —1*05 —14-38 9*67 Date of the highest temperature August 16 — Aug. 24, 1854 Aug. 19, 1840. Highest temperature - . . 89*5 90*8 99*2 82*4 Date of the lowest temperature ... December 21 — Jan. 10, 1859 Jan. 2, 1842. Lowest temperature . - - —•21-0 — 12 1 —20*5 1*9 Bange of the year . . . - 110*5 102*9 118*2 87*0 2. 1872.] CLIMATE—N. AMERICAN COLONIES. 169 The following remarks have been received from the authorities oT the Canadian Dominion respecting the Climate of the provinces : Province of Ontario. " In a country of such vast extent as Upper Canada, the climate varies materiallv. Thro'.gh- out the agricultural or settled part or it alon ; the St. Lawrence and the Lakes, and which extends from ^0 to UK) miles in depth, the winter may be said to commence early in December. Snow usually fals in sufficient quantities in the eastern section of this range to afford good sleighing about the middle of that month, and to continue, with trifling exceptions, until the middle of March. In the western section, although we have occasionally heavy falls of snow, we are subject to frequent thaws, and sleighing cannot be depended upon except in the interior at :i distance from the lakes. On the cleared lands the snow generally disappears about the middle of March, and the sowing of^ seed for the spring crops begins early in April and ends about the loth or May. Ripe wild strawberries in abun- dance may be had by the last of June, and green peas and new potatoes are brought into market about the same time. In the southern parts .he harvest commences about the last of July, and be- comes general about the first week in August. The fall sowing of wheat and rye begins and should end in the month of September, as grain sown at a later period seldom does well. The weather during the fall months is generally remarkably pleasant except in November, during a part of which the climate resembles that of England during the same period." From the head of Lake Ontario, round by the Niagara frontier, and all along the Canadian shores of Lake Erie, the grape and peach grow with luxuriance, and ripen to perfection in the open air, without artificial aid. The grape is likely to be more generally cultivated. A vinery of some 30 acres has been started at Cooks- ville, 16 miles west of Toronto, and there are several other vineyards now in operation in the Niagara district, where wine is made. Province of Quebec, " The climate of Canada East, like that of the Lower Provinces, is unquestionably the most healthy in North America. *' Disease is unknown among the usual popula- tion, except that caused by inequality of diet or imprudent exposure to atmospheric changes. The extreme dryness of the air is shown by the roofs of the houses (which are covered with tin) remaining so long bright, and by a charge of powder remaining for weeks uncaked in a gun. '* It is supposed that the long winter is unfavour- able to agricultural operations; and though the period during which ploughing may be carried on is shorter than in more favoured climes, yet there are many compensating advantages in the excellence of the snow roads, and the great facilities afforded thereby in conveying produce to market, in drawing manure, and hauling out wood from the forest. " If the real excellence of a climate depends upon the earth yielding in perfection and abundance the neces.saries of life or those which constitute the principal articles of food for man and the domestic animals, then Canada Hast may compare favourably with any part of the world. The steadiness and uni- formity of the summer heat causes all grains and fruits to mature well and with certainty." Nova Scotia. The climate is agreeable, and extremely healthy. The weathir is warmer in summer and colder in winter than in England. At Annapolis it averages 0° wai.iii-r than the state of Massachusetts, and the winter is a month shorter than in Caitadii and New Brunswick. In Halifax and the e istern counties the nu'ieury seldom rises in summer above 86" in the shade; and in winter it is not of\en down to zero. The province produces all the grain, roots, niid fruits which grow in the middle tmd northern parts of Europe. It exports lumber, fish, coal, iron, gold, building stone, gypsiiim, and general produce. Prince Edward Island. The climate in this colony is similar to that of Nova Scotia, but without lot's. New Dkunswick. Although the winters are somewhat severe (lesa So, however, than those of Lower Canada), the climate i exceedingly healthy. On tile shores of the Huy of Fundy there is much fog during the summer season, but this extends a short distance only into the interior. The city of St. John is frequently wrapped in a dense nea-fog, while the days are bright and cloudless at the distance of a few miles only. There are no fogs on that coast of New Drunswick which is within the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the air there is particularly dry and bracing. In the interior of the province, the air is much warmer in summer than on the sea coast; and there is a greater degree of cold in winter. The ranges of temperature are : — At St. John, on the Bay of Fundy, from 1 .f below, to 88° above zero. At Uichibucto, on the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from \CP below, to 90° above zero. At Fredericton, in the interior, from 20° below, to 95° above zero. Course of the Sea$on$ in New lirunswich. The winter is fairly established at Christmas. In Ja- nuary, as in the other North American colonies, there is the usual thaw ; in February is the deepest snow ; which seldom exceeds four feet on the average in the northern portion of the province, and three feet in the southern portion. Inftlarch, the sun ac(|uires much power, and the snows begin to melt. In the cleared country the snow disappears in April, and spring-ploughing commences ; seed-time continues, according to the season, from the last week in Ajiril until the end of May. In June, the apple trees are in full blossom; in July, wild strawberries of fine flavour are ripe and abundant ; haying then begins. In August, early potatoes are brought to market, as also raspberries, and other wild Truits. 170 CLTMATE-N. AMERICAN COLONIES. [1872. Ill SepU-tnber, Hats, wheat, and oth'er cereal grains are rcadv fur thu sickle ; the»ie ar« generally secured before October. The autumn ii lone, and the weather is then delicious ; this is decidedly the most Kleaxant portion of the year. There arc usually eavv rains in November, but when not wet, the weather is fine and pleasant; the rivers t^enerally close during tlie latter part of this month, and in December winter again fairly sets in. The average interval between the earliest sowing and latest ploughing, or mean length of summer, is six months and twenty-two days. Of this period, the growth of wheat and crops of spring corn re- (luires an average of three months iiiid seventeen days. After reaping the corn crops there are gene- rally about seven weeks clcitr for ploughing before winter sets in. Before the average sowing time in s])ring there arc usually f^bout six weeks, during which ploughing and other preparatory treatment of the land can be carried on. The severe frosts in winter generally penetrate so deep into the ground, especially when it is not covered with grans, as tu raise up and separate the jiarticles from each other, to a considerable depth ; so that when the thaw conies, it is already so loose and open as scarcely to require plouKhing at all, or if ploughed, to be done with little force and great s))eed. The manner in which all root crops thrive in the province is remarkable, and the frost by opening and pulverizing the soil, is one of the agents by which the large product is brought about The meteorological observations from which the following seasonal summary is compiled (from a diary kept bv Gilbert IMurdock, Esq.) were made in the city of St. John, New Brunswick, (latitude 4.5° 15' north, and long. 66° 4' west) at an elevation of about 140 feet above high-water mark; and cm- brace a period of 12 years, commencing with De- cember 1850, and ending with November 1862. ■; '\ .1 !n ii»it SoAionol Temperature for 12 Yeara. Winds. .1 s a 1 ID P 4 o ^^- H 8 H la S n I-) M ■«) -< •< •< ^ s Winter - _ . Sprinn . _ . Huininer Autumn , - - Aventge annual Means Tor I 12 years - - - 1 o 63 82 90 85 • 77 -a o -24 -10 +37 +0-7C o 77 93 S3 85 76'75 47 '26 72-80 83-30 77 '10 70-00 o -15-8 +6-5 39-4 14-1 11-20 o 21-08 38-00 59-97 46-91 19-8 49-0 68-7 40-0 70-7 43-0 23-8 51-0 41-60 177 188 1-8 2-7 12-6 4-25 20-76 B a a fr. pit k Rain and Snow. I la I I 47-7 88-0 41-4 49-2 176-3 6-43 8-45 12-13 12-93 30-9i In the above, the winter season is assumed to be^ gin with December. The average daily temperature is deduced from tri-daily observations, viz., 6 a.ra., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m. And the water equivalent for snow will not be less than one-tenth. There are not more than four snow storms in any one year, in which over one foot of s.iow falls at one time ; and snow storms rarely last more than two days. In England, 9 inches of snow " melted " average one inch of water; in New Brunswick, 17 inches " melted " average one inch of water. The snow is therefore twice as light, or dry, as that of Eng- land. Newfoundland, The following are the results of Meteorological Observations for the Years 1862, 1863, 1864, taken from the Colonial Building, St. John's Newfound- land, by E. M. J. Delaney, Esq., C.E., Observer, lat. N., 47° 34' 30". long. W., 52^ 39* 45", 170 feet above sea level. Klaximum height ol' barometer, ) corrected to sea level - - i Minimum do do - - Mean do do - Maximum htsight of thermometer Minimum do _ - _ - Mean temperature for year Quantity of rain and melted mow I in inches - - - - i Prevailing winds _ _ - Bain fell on 98 days ; snov on 44 ; fog 7U ; thunder and lightning 4 ; harbour blockauci! nila ice from middle of April to middle of June. Maximum height of barometer ) corrected to sea level - - i Minimum do do - Mean do do - Maximum height of thormometer Minimum do _ - . - ' ' "an temperature for year ...ujititv of rain and melted snow ) in inches - - - ) Prevailing winds - - - inehes. 30-60 28-67 29-58 78° -7° 41° 63-670 N.N.W. & 8.W. 30-48 28-80 20-60 83" •-14i 440 78" 660 IT.N.W. ft S.8.W. 48-20 ig-63 6-84 74-67 1862. 2nd May. 3rd January. 6th July. 18th Feb. Tlie year. 1863. 16th It^OT. lit April. SOth July. 13th Feb. The year. 2. 1872.] CLIMATE— N. AMERICAN COLONIES. 171 inehe*. loes. Rain fell on 96 ilitjri ; tnnw nn OA (liiyi s tog IM ilayi; thunder anil IlKntnlng lA dayt. inchei. 1864. Maximum h<^it;ht at barometer oorrectail to lea lerrl 80-W nitjuM. Minimum do do WM) 17th Keb. Mean do do iWMO Maximum lieiilit of thermometer 78" l.t Sept. Minimum do - • •-I(P *)th Feb. Mfaa temperature for year (JuantitT of rain ami melted snow j In incnei - - - - ( 87° M-'iN) Tlie year. I'rerailing winds N.N.W.* S.8.E. Ilain fell on 03 daya ; Snow on M dart ; tog 70 ctayf ; thunder and lightning 16 days. •Note.— The alKPlimiciiun (minus) before a Hgure denotes lieiow Zero. Hhitisii Columbia and Vancouver Island. The climate of the Western Colonies is stated to be excellent, and has been compared to the climate of the milder parts of England or to that in the South of France. Indeed, it is said to be preferable to that of England, as it has more fine steaidv weather, is far less changeable, and on the whole milder. The days in summer are warm, but not oppressive, and free from glare: the evenings arc cool, with a gentle sea breeze. Heavy rains generally fall in December or January. The winter is a little cold, but not severe. There are occasional frosts and falls of snow, but they rarely last long. The climate of British Columbia may compare favourably with most colonies, more particularly with those on the American Continent in similar latitudes. It is remarkably healthy both in summer and winter, there being nothing like malaria or ague either in the hottest summer weather or the dampest localities. The climate varies considerably accord- ing to the height from the level of the sea. On the western and eastern side of the Cascade Range the climate is quite different. The western is heavily timbered and subject to heavy rains in spring and autumn, while on the eastern side the country consists of rolling grassy plains lightly tim- bered, the summer heat more intense, the rain light. Tomatoes and melons ripen readily in the open air, and the winters are comparatively mild, A^in, at Williams' Creek, Cariboo District, situate m lati- tude 63°, or 5° north of New Westminster, the site of our most extensive gold mines, and at an altitude of 4,200 feet above the level of the sea, the weather at all seasons is most variable, subject to violent storms of rain and thunder both in summer and winter. The winter begins in October and lasts till April, the thermometer varying from 10 above to 20 below zero. Snow generally falling in January and February to a depth of 7 to 10 feet. The present meteorological observations may be taken to represent chiefly the features of the climate of that portion of the colony occupying the southern comer of the Cascade Range. Snow not exceeding a foot in depth except in extraordinary winters, and the summer season very much like that of Englp.ad, with less rain in June, July, and August. ExTRACTof meteorological obtervatinni taken at the Government House, New Westminster, H.C, during the year INflS. Latitude, 49° 12' 47" N. Longitude, 122«» 5;i' 19" W. Inehei. The highest reading of the barometer, corrected for tiMiipernture, was - .'«)\'5H9 4 Feb. The mean height do. do. at 9..SU a m. 2tf-975 Do. do. do. do. at a.»U p.m. 29-U(i:< The lowest do. do. - - 29'1;)7 19 Feb. (legrrei. Maximum temperature in sun's rays (black bulb) was ... - 108-5 4 Aug. Maximum shade Do. Do. Mean Do. Mininmm Do, temperature of air in do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. «lo. do. 9..'K1«.m. .'l..'«>p.m. 9..'H) a.ni. .S..SOi).m. 9.;«) ».m. .3.;Wp.m, 87'5 29 July 7«7 3 Aug. H4-5 „ 47 •« 5 1-9 ISO 8 Fob. 113-7 18 Dec. 1-8 18 Dec. l-OOO •822 •74<) 270 12 Dec. Minimum temperature on the grass - Greatest amount of humidity Mean do. do. 9.:n) a.m. Do. do, do, 3.;«)p.m. Least do. do. - The cistern of the barometer is about ;H feet above the level of the sea. All the observations were made ut 9.30 a.m. and 3.30 p.m, daily throughout the year. Table showing the depth of rain, the number of days on which it fell, the mean humidity f9.30 a.m. and 3.30 p.m.), mean tempera.ure of air in shade, and the lowest temperature on the grass, in each month. nain in Inches. Dayi. it 1 Thermoiiketer. — n 4 m 2 II January fin \T ■868 an't 8fl'?4 34°» February - 8-34 \r •869 lM-4 89-/J 24'1 AI«r«h - a-13 a' -817 as -8 !W0 as* April 1-99 10 •714 4«-4 /11-8 «l-7 May - m i;. •7H7 KfO /■.9-6 416 JUM 1'83 n •7M 8H 1> 68-7 4.S'(I July I'M fl •784 «.V7 70'9 46-9 August 1-70 12 -7M 63-H B9-H 47-a September 4-78 23 -87/1 M-I /W/1 44'H October - a-m, 10 •ma 61-/1 «/l'7 40* /» November - 8-68 24 ■91S0 44-4 4fl-7 38-3 December - S-04 19 -810 39-4 81*6 21-6 Total 40-84 183 The day on which most rain fell, and which mea- sured 1-64 inches, was on the 28th November. The prevailing direction of wind was E. and N.E, Ozone registered for nine months only, gave a greater quantity than former years as shown by the test papers, its mean daily number would be repre- sented by 5 on the tcalc and often indicated as high as 9. An earthquake was felt a few minutes after 9 {).m. on the 25th August. Heavy thunder and vivid lightning occurred on June 20, July 15, August 6, and September 12. 172 CLIMATE— AUSTRALIAN COLONIES. [1872. !! iil^ AUSTRALIAN COLONIES. Nitw South Walu. The rliciMle ii rcniidered U> be very uhibriuiis, but, from the great extent uf the colunj and other caiisen, alinoft every variety urdimaic tnay be found. Tiiltlc (hawing the iiivteurologiral reitultf for New South Wales, from 1859 to the ena of 1870 incluiive. Tamiieratnre in Kba4a. Rain. Htatiomi. lUlabt ; above Iwititude. LomritoJe. ' .Mraii .Seji Ilomlditr ilitrlirat I,ow«t ."' i Mean I Mean ' «f^- (i-lft). No. of Fall In ...W...I..I ...„,.,.i.. I nnnnai ^.,, u- Mean. ,, In faet. ! reeurJetl. rccdrduJ, Uanxoi. Max. 1 ilia. Uajrs. Iiichet, o - 1 Alliurjr SO ArmLUIc W M Itathiirot .V. Si (^ina 88 IS Ilenlliquin .^1 M Oimlburn M K MaiUanil 33 4? Newm«tl« . Mia rarramatta - 3.1 4tt Sydney 33 .'.a Wlndnor 33 87 147 }:>) *» HO 37 149 14A 1 149 4J lAl 35 1.11 M 1.U 1 IJtl 11 lAOM Ml llfl'O 20-2 84 -4 75 -fi 4J-4 59-0 71-8 74 3288 00 3 13-0 rr-s 7a« 88-1 i^-n 7S-« 103 IWIO 107 K'O 77-4 70-0 40-0 M-8 77-8 " 2037 ina-g in-s 79-0 86-1 40*4 53-3 73-1 113 420 i3ro 100 88.8 7.1-8 44-J 5B-7 64-2 )il »13» 104 »|-8 7«'4 07-9 43'A M-3 78*9 95 108 107'1 30-8 74-0 T5-8 ««-7 04-3 73-3 134 113 100-7 31-3 06-1 7S'I M-7 03-9 79-9 107 70 107 Jl-0 80*8 74-8 47S 61-1 70-1 148 IM 100-9 300 os-0 70-S M-fl 8^-7 7«-3 147 78 113-4 240 83-7 70-4 ») 7 83-6 74-7 147 »"170 38' 400 34 -OM 19-185 13-304 24-100 35- SUM 47-7(10 53'78«I srcii 35-38.1 in the column headed humidity. denote* the ahtencc of all moisture in the air ; mi loo denutei complcto unturntion. (illEENSLANI). Althonjfh the Infitiidc of its southern boundary i» not higher thiin J!)" S., the mean tenipu'raturc is low as compared with many i)Iact'.s more distant from the equator, as w ill be seen by the annexed table. IMocei. I/ititudr. Mean annual t<«ni|)er- nture. rain titll in inchex. Average No. of dnya on which rnin fell. Brisliane (Qiiernfilancidental to childhood ore usually very mild in their character and short in their duration. The climate is described as everywhere favourable to the Euro- pean constitution; aj <*. in the incipient stage of consumption it usi'... •;8ir>rds great relief. V y < t 1872.] CLIMATF^-AUSTRALIAN COLONIES. 173 ViCTOKIA. Tlie following |)ii|H*r on the coloriv .tiul cliinntp of Victoria h«i bi-t>n prf|>dreon<)in^,' Moinbcr of the Su«.-ii;ty ot Aru ami bc-ivnci.'.'i, I'tri-cht, Ac. &c. " The Colony of Victoria iMiibraces that urea lyinjt M>uih of the liivrr Murr >'- and ea.«i of the Mist meridian. It is tMuind*" ^ ■ i the south by Itii«»'s Straits, which neitaraie it fi:nn Tosmuiiiii. It in the most Mjntherly piirt of the island continent of Aus- tralia, and i'on>.e(iiu'iitly enjovK a coininiratively cool climate. 'rhon)(n the country i< f^eruTiiily low iniJ level, there is a >!reat rani^e (an extenitiun of the Auttralian Cordilli ra) extendini; from the sources of the Itiver Murray to W ilson's I'romoiilory, the hiffhest peaks of which attain itneU-VHtion not far short of H,(MH) feet; and there is iilso u great spur running westward nf a distance of 4<» or '»>> miles from tiie const, which, in some jihices, is very high. The ranges running at right angles to the main dividmg range are not very lofty, (jipp's Land, which lies to the east, and is bounded by (he great dividing range on the north and west, and by the sei on the south and south-east, has a cool and rather moist climate. There snow lies on the high lands during a great part of the year, and cool and refreshing streams flow from the icy reservoirs in the great, range all through the year. The country south of the great spur, extending westwards from MellKJurne to the Hist meridian, consists of plains broken by schist ranges and volcanic hills of incon- siderable height. 'I he river basins are mostly at right angles to the sea, and con.sequently the sea '.in'ezes penetrate far inland. That part of Victoria iiorth ot the main spur has a wanner climate, and nnr the Murrnv the vine yield* ft gMBt«» rich and lu.ii'ioui M can Ixr foumi in any part ofP.unijH'. "The ettimated area of the Colony i« .S,'i..'>71.»4<> acres, or so.H.-tl Mpiare nnle«. In other wimlt, Vic- toria IS nearly at large as Kngland, SeoiUnd, and Wall's united. It contains, In addition to nhiiott inexhtiustihie minenil wealth, line soils, suiltihle for vheat, barley, oats, (Mttatoes, the gni|H', olive, tig, ( ale, coriil trei>, sugar, u'illet, and tobacco ; and in certain fiviiiir(>()ii ."■.•4 ■ 9 51 July Aiigu;'< SeplemlKT ( »ct«)lH'r November I )eceniher 40.1 r..". • I .'y» » litis The mean of the seasons are nearly an follow .— Trmpvralurr. lUliiUII. Nv. of rain)' iUy». Spring - Summer Autumn Winter - 58-7 67-1 59 •< 50 3 lUliiUII. In. !»16 5-34 7ti5 7 1)2 ToUl 81 88 S6 39 "The number of days on which the wind blows from each point throughout the year at .ilelbourne may be stated approximately as follows :-•• N., 70 days, N.i;., M tlays, i:., l.'> days, S.i:., .■«) days, S., 75 days, .S.W., 4,'> days, W., ;)5 days, N.W., M days, and it is Calni.'.'K) days. The following Tablk shows the Mf.an Amount or Ozone recorded fur various Winds during the Day and Night (Victoria). N. N.E. E. 8.E. 8. aw. j w. N.W. QUn. Meiui amount of Ofone dnriug the I ])i.y . - - -) Uean ainnunt of Ozone during the i Night - - - i 44 4- 4 '3 44 8"4 4*6 88 8M 6*8 T'O 7-7 «-8 8-* 7-0 4-A Mean of all OlMerT.itions during ) the Year - - - ( 4'S 4-8 4-3 4-8 8'8 7-4 7'« ••0 4-0 " In autumn and winter the northerly winds ex- ceed the aout.icrly, and in spring and summer the southerly winds exceed the northerly. In summer the north winds are dry and often hot, but at night the wind most often changes to the south-west or south ; and from cither of these points it is always cool and refreshing. " The climate is, indeed, delicious. Probably in no part of the world is it possible to find fewer impediments to labour or recreation, as reg?.rds the weather, than in Victoria. Though the .summer is invariably marked by a few days of great heat, yet, even in that season, there are inany day.s when the weather is pleasant and cool, and nothing can exc-ed the climate experienced in this Colony during the autumn, winter, and spring. A cloudless sky, a bright sun, and a refreshing bree«e are character- istic of the greater mimber of days in each of those seasons; and while the salubrity of the climate is shown bv the absence of those diseases which yearly swte^t oft* so many of the inhabitants of England, it is yet equally favourable to the growth of fruits and vegetables of colder countries. The apple, pear, peach, nectarine, upricot, almond, gooseberry, cur- rant, and flg ; anaiH»n with the fu»chU.«, jfira- iiiuiiit, and other roinnion Howers of Uii* i'lngllNh ;{arili-n. ** Alrituiy the wine» iniuie in Victoria have taken n hi){h place In the efaii runniiiiM'uni, and the cuUivRtion of the grape will. It is tertAln, form ii source of ^reat wealth. Already lar^e viiu-yiinU have been planted, and, while the ijiijility of the wine ix mieh n» to conunund a ready Hale at a lii^h prici', the yield {ht acre in large; the Mvenij^e being almut .laO gallong per acre. "From the Fiatiiw of her »o)l», and the favourable eharni'ter of her rlimate, it is not too much to nay thiit Victoria will be a« remarkable for the growth uf wine and oil n% for the extrat rdinary yield of gold." Cereal crops are heavy, even on the soils derived from the Pnlieczoic rocks, and in the basaltic and jwrphyratic tracts, the yields are generally very large. A» many as 5<> and tiO bushels of wheat per lure are got in some inirls ; and fi<} bushels of oats ;ind 42 bushels of barley per acre are not uncommon. The average, however, is much below these figun-s ; both because of the differences in the soil and cliinnte, and in the nuxles of (arming. .\ccording to the Hegistrar (jeneral's Statistics the lands under cultivation and the yields tor the year ending .'Jlst iMarrh 1809, were as follows: Under Crop. Wheat Oats Darley Potatoes Tobacco I'roduce raised. 4,239,228 bushels, 2,258,523 „ 292,605 „ 79,944 tons. 1,747 cwt. Vines 4,340- - 25,574 rwt. 65,553 cwt. 448,547 gak. 2,025 „ Acres. 259,804 114,936 19,222 30,204 1.S8 ' Grapes not made into wine (ira]>es made intt> wine Wine made Brandy made - fflfl figures relating to such crops as pease, beans, 9wt, hay, onions, ftc. are nut quoted, as being of JnfeHor importance. ffivm a return furnished by .1. M. Klatson, Esq., the 't ec rrtary to the Hoard of Agriculture, it appears thaCiAitrA'V'riK/e yield of wheat per acre is 17 bushels ; ofustto :^ bushels; and of barley 18 bushels. The greatest vii-ight recorded of a bushel of wheat is 69 lbs. 4 or.. : and the average weight 63 lbs. Tlu- indigenous products of Victoria presetit few fruits or vegetables which are acceptable to Euro- > It m\ the plants and trees which have been j' flourish luxuriantly. ober producing country it is i)erhai)s un- its indigenous trees in the higher moist where rich soils derived from porphyries and othifV Plutonic and volcanic rocks are everywhere deep, reiwh the height of .'100, 400, and 480 feet. J* the ranges at Dandenong, at Mt. Juliet (near ('rs)titabie in the laboratories ami manu- factories of llurope. From the liesins of Xanthnrrhea Au$trali$ we ge'' picric acid, and the Kcsins themselves are of con ■ mercial value. The wood.s of nearly all the trees are durable and many of them are beautiful and adtnirahly fitted for the finer kind of cabinet work. The coniferous trees flourish exceedingly, ''itiux innir'nl.i, Pinuit pinen, H'cHinntonin .fujanUa^ and other similar fotms of vegetation far exceed in rapid gr{)wth all that is known of the siime species in other lands. All the domestic animals of Europe thrive in this jiait of Australia, and many varieties of game also do well. The hare and the rabbit are now natura- lized, and in many parts are a nuisance to gardeners and fanners. Deer ore found in the scrubs on the mountain ranges. The partridge, the pheasant and foreign (]uails, white swans, and foreign ducks are far from uncommon. South Australia. The climate is said g eatly to resemble that of Sicily and Naples. During nine or ten months in the year it is agreeable. What are called winter months is in truth a rainy season, and would be considered in f.ngland merely a wet summer. The only really disagreeable portion .)f the year is during three summer months; viz., December, January, and I'ebruary, when the sun attains great po'ver, and when winds from the distant interior greatly increase the natural heat of the season. The most steady rains begin with the wind about north-east, increase as it veers to the north, and fall heaviest when the wind is about north-west. There is no endemic disease; intermittent fevers are scarcely known, nor has any eruptive fever, ex- cepting occasional sca.'°latina and measles, yet ap- peared. Scrofulous diseases are rare; tubercular affections of the lungs are infrequent; epidemic cholera has not visited the colony ; diseases of the eyes are frequent in summer, irritated by the impal- pable dust of the streets and roods, or occasioned by exposure to the night air after being subjected to the glare of a cloudless sky. lii -.1 1«72.] CLIMATE—TASMANIA 17« VTesTKRN At'srMAi.iA. Tht," folluwiiia i» a rf|M)rt rvccivwi from the Colo- nial Sccrvtary, Fred. i'. Barlt-f, Ksi). dntod IVrth, UiM January IH67: — "The clim«t)> of Wt^titi-rn Auxtralia is one of thi- inoHt dvltf;h'^i and healthy that can bo imiifjined. KroMi the northi-rn to thi- southern citrt-inity it varies coniiderably ; the southern teinperatuii. i« somewh'.t !^:niilar to that of Knglnnd ; the luirthcrn is hot \ ut not unplfiisant, beinf( iein|H'r(.-d »i(h cihiI breezes, and the c-liinate of the central |x>rtioi) of the c<»lonv is like that of Southern Italy and |)«rt« of ■S|>ain. 'fhe rej^ularity of the ten Itrce/.es in the Miniiner, which arc rarely intermitted, enables onower of the sun. The mean of the barometer i,«i about ;U) inches, and of the thermometer about li'i . 'I'he seiisons arc divided intt; wet and dry, the former commencing; in .'\|)ril and lastin)^ till .September ; a greater part of this time of year, however, is bright and clear. The dry season is occa-sionally, but rarely, visited by showers or a thunder.ttorm. The sevire droughts 1. nd heavy tioods experienced in the other Australian c Ionics aie unkno.vii here. Flowers and fruits fr mi all f.rt., of the world ilourish luxuriantly. Ti le vegetables of England grow to great per('ecti»>n, an! may be cultivated at alniostany sea.souof the year. Ip sMmmer we enjoy oranges, apples, pears, pciche.s, .cctarines, apricots, iigs, almonds, bananas, and pomegranates. Strawberries also grow well irt the southern districts, " The crops are generally fine, and hay is pro- duced in considerable quantities, even self-sown fields return good crops. " The climate seems to be peculiarly suited to the vine, and tiie raisins dried here art- as fine as any iu the »vorld. Wine is also manufactured, and finds a rmdy marVrf \» (h«< i>tlony. It U of jiuiKTtirr i|U«liiy. •ltd would |irv»babl\ aciitiirv « chnracti-r in for«-ign inarllieis, uere it made by |h-i- M)n» of experience in the trade. ** No diM-a.«e CHU !»<• .««id to prevail here ; intiiirntu visits the c dcmic disenM'A are ur^known, anil consumptive |ter- sons have oAen hiul reason to bleM the ciiinalc for a continuaiice of life." Tasmania. The following i>n)>i'r on climate and health has biH-Mi prepared hy F. Nwarbrwh Hall, Medical Trac- titioner, ;;Hth Jan)>,«ry IHtiM. Since 1H41 when u magiutical and nu'teoro- logical observatory »as estal)ii M«Mi tensity.; liintion. Poiltinn, Hamid-I Kliutio ity of I Kornc of Air. jVapour. OondeiiMition , Rjiin in Indies, Jamiftry - FoliriiAfy Mairb AprU May June July At'gnst Hcptember October November Decern l.cr Tftbia 1. Xnehrs. 2i)-727 !flf»31 29"»U» 29-801 2»-lM7 ail-844 SO'ftir S»-7fll W784 29-721 3U-745 Mean for 2JS yeiirs { 2»-g07 Tnhl* Table Table .'>. 8. 8. o o o B2-84 20--8 109-64 01 -SH )9-7.1 107-87 :>r7ii 19-40 KH-Uil M-m 17-22 ill -HI 60-28 IflMB 81 -B? 46'7S lfl-04 74-94 4S-72 15-14 7."i-.'il 48-(i7 10-43 7»"«2 wra 17-84 m-ni Table 11. 18. .'.I -24 4.'.-«7 4«-l.'i 4:1-07 aH-.11 .•X!-fl3 3.-.-.W av«o ,18-39 41-!»!» 4fl-4H 48-24 W)-Afi M-M 4r-ll •.3-48 41-24 4(l'0i| 40-84 42-17 44"40 40-47 1902 i Table i4. Table Table U. (lereent. percent. Inches. No. of I>ayii on which Rain fen Table IT. Otono- moter, TO ■71 -711 •7fl -84 •83 •«0 •7(1 -78 •71 -S7;i •874 •aim •821 •»a •2tm •2^7 •2fi8 •270 •»(K» •aa-s -iiK 42-88 I 45-4« -7.^ -81.5 1-Wl rrai l-t!7 1-78 1-81 1-8.1 a -OR l-Sil 8-OH 1-97 2-M 1-73 8-04 7-7fl 11-119 11 '82 14(19 iri« 13-73 i;i4» 1,V27 14-110 12'fl2 12-09 22-6.1 I Hfl-2r Table 18. Chromatic Scale. rt87 7-01 7-01 fl-W 6 •811 n-.w 7^il9 T^a 7^9« 7 99 7'M 719 I>r«vallinK Direction anil rome otWInil. Direction . Table 20. .S.K.,N.W. H.K. N.W..H.K. S.W. .N.W. N.W. S.W. N.W. N.W. N.W. N.W..KK, S.K.,N.W. For**, Table SI. Lbi. per •n. foot. 78 -sit Wlo won 4il-|-rf< 87 -a-. 24-«) nii-nr, 46' 49 72-.^,3 119 •9.-. Il2^a.l 87^42 718 |N.W,,H,E,j aS'88 The greatest atmo^ipherif; pressure ever recorded, 30 •Sly inches, was noted in July 1S4(), and the smallest, '28-510, in July IH41. The extreme range for any day in &:iy year was 1014 ifiClies, in .fanuury 1850. The highest cliade temperature for any day of ihc 25 years, 105 degrees, wa« noted in .l.inuary 1849, and the lowest, a9- 40 di'grees, occurred in June of t hi.: same ye»r. , 176 CLIMATE— N-EW ZEALAND. [1872. Tiic ){ieiite*t rnn{;c of iliiirnnl t(>m|K'ra(iirc in any 24 hotirit, 51 IM) ik-KrCfK, ncriirri'ii in l*- VJ. TliL> hi((hfiit s»l«r iiitvtuiiy wa% l-l.'i di>);rvc« in February 1KS7. Thi' low t-At ii-!n|H'ralure nflho terruKtrial riuliation thi-nnornvtiT wan 'iii-M degree* in iii-ptiinlcr 1857. The Urgc'iit fall i»f rain for nny yrar wii.s 40 -07 inrht'n in lH(i.S, and ihc xiiiiilic^t «:i» l.t-'l.t inclii-.<< in ]H4.'i, Snow rarely Calls in ilul>urt (Jity, but Monnt Wellington overli.iii;!iii|{ il, iiiiil upwards of 4,(KH) feet hi);h, is freijiienliy coated with it even in the sninnier inoiitlH. As the Uible slmws, the purity of the atmosphere, U indicated by the o/onoiiieter, is iiioHt reniarkalile, and coniie<|ueiitly rvniotic diseases hu\e u very small ihure of the j^eiierui mortality. Wind movement is generally moderate and con- stant The north-west hot winds of the Australian con tinent occasionally reach TaHmania, but are ;;r(atlv subdued in temperature by theii ))iissage over Jiass .s Straits. 'I'he <-limate is a er 1,000. ,\o coimtry in the world with whose vital statistics I am acfpiaiittcd, can show so small a death-rate as the foregoing. When the census of 1861 was taken, the average age of the population was about 24 years, and it has annually since become stilt viiun^er, and the native l>orn continually augment- ing its proportichcd to the mean annual tem])ei'ature of countries, and New Zealand, in conseiiuence of conclusions from this source, has been said to possess fiH Italian climate; but there are marked points of difference between the seasons of New Zealand and Italy. Thus, in Italy there is a .sort of summer winter, when cattle must be i)ro- vided for indoors as in winter, and during which for several hours of the day all outdoor work is inter- rupted by heat. There is no similar summer winter in New Zealand, and it is the opinion of persons who have sojourned in diH^rent parts of the world, that the Anglo Saxon race can work and expose themselves to the climate of New Zealand without injury during more days in the year, and for mure hours ill the day, than in any other country. In examining the meteorological observations for New Zealand, it is requisite to remember that most of them were made on the sea coast. Even on the narrowest parts of the North Island, it may l,e inferred that the climate of the interior of New Zealand is warmer in summer and colder in winter than around the coast. The observations show that the mean annual temperature of New Zealand is S^^-y lahr. ; that of the North Island being 5°-4 higher ;liaii the ave- rage of the South Island. The most marked differ- 1872.] CLmATE— NEW ZFALAND. 177 cncc occurs in the yenrlv ninffe of avvrA^e temp*- imiiiri*. Thut, nt Auckliind the riirttno range i« iffx, while at C'hrittchurch it amuuntt to 65^3 in thi- ohjidc. January ami Tehniary, which mi>nthi conrctpond with July iind Aitpiiit in England, arc the wannirit month* in Nt-w Zealand, and July and AuRu»t, cor- responding; with January and Febninry, the coldest ; except in the ' oinity of Cook Straits, where June and July are tiie coitU'st months. Kuinc, Mont)H>lier, and Milan (mssess climates having nearly the same mean annual tempernture as the North Island of New Zealand ; and Jersey, one of the Channel Islands, in this respect rescmhii-s the Middle Island. The climate of London is 7 degrees cold^T than the climate uf the North Island, and .'i deffre«s colder than the climate of the Middle Isl.-ind ufNow Zealand. In New Zealand the nights average from 12 to ^1 degrees colder than the days. The mean temperature of places in New Zealand is lower than that experienced in corresponding latitudes in Europe. Examples of this may be seen by comparing the mean aimual temperature at Auckland with that at Gibraltar and Malta, that at Nelson and Wellington with Home, that at Christ- church with Monti)cllier, and that at ()tap> with Milan. But the temperature in New Zen' iiid is higher than that expericnoed in corresponding latitudes in America, as mav be seen by comparing the mean temperature at tiVellington and Nelson with that at New York, and the mean temperature at Otago with that at Quebec and Halifax, Nova Scotia. It may be observed that no siiiule locality in Europe has a temperature during tiie whole vear like New Zealand. The North Island of New Zealand, in short, powesses the suiniiier heat of Paris, Hrussels, and Amsterdam with the winter cold of Home ; wl\ile the Mickw»t months; in the year in New Zealand is about 1' degrees; at Rome it is 27, at Montpellier 33, at Milan 38, and al Jersey 22 degrees ; while New York and Quebec, placed in the .same latitude as Wellington and Otago, experience tropical heats in August and polar colds in January. Snow seldom lies on the ground at the level of the sea in the North Island of New Zealand, and not very often in the Middle Island ; but all round the year the summit of Ruapehu, the highest mountain in the North Island, and the great moun- tain chains in the Middic Island arc covered with snow. Ice is occasionally seen in winter from one extremity of New Zealand to the other, hut frosts are comparatively slight to the north of Auckland, although the North Capi-. is occasionally covered with hoar frost. An idea of the mildness of the climate of Nelson and C-antcrbury in the Middle Island may be drawn from the fact uf sheep frequently lambing in mid- winter with no greater loss than five or ten per cent. IUl^lAT|ll!«. The difU.Tcni'e between the extrcmo lemprniturp in the . compared willi the iHiiindless extent o( iH-ean »vhic i aiiri'oiiiui.i it. On the eiUtern !iIo|h-i of the South Nlaml the thermo. meter in the mn l're to \Mf\ and even higher returns are obtainetl when the bulb i.s exposeti tH riiriio ; but the extreme temperature in the sun's ray« throughout New Zealand in on the average UW j Fahr., and the corre»pdiiig ave- rage of the extreme depresdion of the temperature during the night is 34 •_'. At the sub- Alpine station of liealey, situated at an altitude of ^,I(M feet mid- way between the east and west roasts the thermo- meter ex|>osed to the sky during the night soinelitne* falls below icro. Rain. From the Table* it appears that the fall of rain in New Zealand is greatest at flokitika, on the west const, and IcOAt at Christchurch, which is the corresponding station on the east coast, and that in the North Island the number of rainv and showery days is greater than in the South (stand, but that the greatest rainfall is in the south. It will, however, be observed that great irregularity occurs all over New Zealand in ttie inonlnly and annual quantities of rain falling in diflVrent yeari, but there is no doubt that most rain falls in winter. There is, however, no proper wet and dry Neutoii in New Zealand ; fourteen days scliloni pass without rain, and rain rarely continues for three succ«!Mivo days, except on the west cosMt, where aUo heavy rains occasionally occur, a.<* much as six inches falling in 'M hours on several occasions. Tiie tem- perature of the rain of New Zealand is generally above that of the air, with north-west winds. The average rninfall for the whole of New Zealand is 5l-96(! inches, that for the North Island being 46607, and \hia tor the South Island 57 •Jlii.'j inches. On the west coast of the North Island the raiiifali is 54' 720, while on the cast coast it is only .'ftiiiSS inches. In th:' south Island the rainfall on the west coast average lIi>-4<>3 inches, that on the east coast being 21)- 83.3. MOINTURK IN THE AlH. More moisture is suspended in the atmosphere im New Zeal.'xnd than in the atmosphere surroiindiqy London. Persons not conversant with meteorcloHK cal observations will And proofs of the presence of this moisture in the luxuriouiinets of the vegetation in New Zealand, the heavy night dews, and the mould which collects on unused shoes and wearing apparel. But this moisture in the climate must not be "tifounded with raw dampness. It prmluces an exquisite soilness of the .skin, and settlers rarely have that unpleasant glazed feeling of the skin so often experienced in dry climates. This moisture in the New Zealand climate is pro- duced by the evaporation continually going on during dry weather from the South Sea, ana it it ^H> 17» climatp:--ne\v Zealand. [1872. ill '( only n«*ccMary t« remi-iiibcr that New Zeiilaml ktMiKU ill (III- c'fiitrt- of thi- KreHtt'Kt i'X|>anse of ocean In thi- globe, U) perceive the pt, pquivniont to ii velocity of 84| miles jK-r hour; n gale is indicated by a velocity of 50 miles an hour. The winds in New Zealand do 'nut appear to differ in force and frequency as we ad- vance southwards from Auckland, ul though Cook and Foveaux Straits are celebrated for stiff breezes and gales. It is only requisite to Temember that with every breath we cast out vast quantities of dead animal matter, which is swept away by the wind, to per- ceive the iiitluencc which a constant agitation in the atmosphere has on the health. Hot Wind. In several places on tlu' eostcrn coast of New- Zealand where there are mountain chains ascei ding iibodt 3,{XX) feet above the levci of the sea, a hot . ind is occirtionally experienced In summer. This hot wind melts the snow on the mountains of the Middle Island, swells the rivers fed from these sources, and Rishing down on the plains in different directions, according to the shape of the valleys, raises the thermometer 20 or .SO degrees. Fortunately, for vegetation, this hot wind is generally the })recur8or of rain. On one occasion, on the Canterbury plain, u thermometer exposed to this wind rose to 113 degrees Fahr. Different theories have been propounded as to the cause of this wind. It is probably, in some rare cases, due to an elevated current of the hot wind from the Australian continent, which is interrupted and directed downwards, while the lower current of this Australian hot wind is generally, but not always, entirely cooled by passing over the surface of the sea before reaching the western coasts of New Zealand. That this wind is thus sometimes due lO the influence of Australia mav also be inferred from vessels sailing from New Zealand to Sydney hav- ing been kept back for days a long distance from the Australian coast by hot winds, and from the KCrasional, although rare, occurrence of n. winil of about 70 degrees being exiierieiiced at Auckland aiiif other places on the western const of the North Island, when westerly winds, with fine wealher,hu\e been blowing for several successive daytt in suiiimer. In the majority of cases, however, the hot wind is local, being on the east side of the mountains and simultaneous with excessive rainfall from the north- west on the windward side, the impetus of the wind which forces it across the range being due to a dif- ference of atmospheric pressure, the barometer being high on the west coast at the coinincncement of tile hot winds, and low on the east side of the mountains. Atmosphkhic Prkssuhk. According to the observations recorded, the air exerts a greater pressure over the North Island than the South Island, the average reading of the baro- meter for the former being ;jo-()lo, and for the latter 2.S-8ai. The winds in New Zealand, unless of con- siderable force, are so modified by the shape rf the islands that they are nothing but eddies from the greater polar and equatorial currents. Generally wind from the equator, which brings rain, depresses the barometer, and southerly or polar winds, accom- panied by fine weather, raise it. Other Ei.«mknts, Earthquakes are felt in every part of New Zealand, but arc more frequent in that portion of the country lying between White Island, latitude ffT"aO S., and Stewart Island, latitude 47" S. All the earth- quakes registered since the arrival of the settlers have been slight save those of 1848 and ISoC. The New Zealand atmosphere on the cast coast is not much disturbed by thunderstorms, but in the neigh- bourhood of high mountains and on the west coast these phenomena are more frequent. At Nelson, on an average of eleven years, twelve thunderstorms occurred annually ; and at New Plymouth, seven. Fogs are rare iii the northern parts of New Zealand, but they increase in freqiiency and duration as we advance southwards. Hail storms occur. The Aurora Australis is frequently seen, and is natu- rally more common in tne south. Shooting stars of great brilliancy and magnitude have been re- corded, and notably one on the Ist January 1871, which was seen throughout the whole length of New Zealand, travelling from north to south ; its apparent size when nearest the earth, .is seen from Cook Straits, being one-third the diameter of the moon. # .«, 1872.] CLIMATE— CAPr: OF c;ooi) iroPE. 179 Table I. — CoMrAaATivK Autkact of MmoBotooiCAL OtsBRVATtoiit, Vm Zkaland, for ItWa anil 1870, and prvvioun ycari. Tomporatupo fr«>ni S<>lf. !»—.-.-. ..* 1 1 Baromutcr. mt^iKU'rinir liinlniincnt* lyad ui lloniliiK fi>r 21 hoiim Itnnrioualy. y omptiH^i fhini ()b- •fr^atlons. Rain. M'ind. (loutL ! . .s 1 ^ •B ; § g >»i. & i4\i "t STATIONS. t » , S 1 jj i t^ -11 *■».>> Maximum ! 1 1 Sac Mean daily B of Temp. 1 it 11 = II c 'A (-1 In MilM In any 24 iioure. and l)nt«. * I 9 •-4 S NOHTn laLARD. i Monffonui • "TO ."woio , rsTfi 00-7 ! 18-2 ! 82-0 lBS-0 - •401 78 52-S70 104 ' 172 507 Jan. 1 8-7 • •» SO-miO 'l-4lW (Wrrt i lf2 «-8 — — •429 80 4H-3M) 1H3 183 »»78 Ft8-3 ' — \ — • — j — •385 74 02 '0:^1 84 — — — 70 29-882 1-808 62-« i 18-8 60-1 169-8 1 10-3 •324 81 •28-364:137 140 420 8.>i). 26 B-B ,, ■ «0 89-910 1-370 82-7 1 16-1 I 68-S 167-7 10-6 -323 79 27 '292 120 146 490 Jiui.3 8-3 Prsvious years . •29-843 1 — 52-8 — — — — -328 76 25-mO 107 - — — Bealoy 70 2y-770 1-22H 4«-8 i 16-4 05-0 146-6 0-4 •266 80 l(m-2U3|18l il33 780 Nov.'/ B-2 .. - - 09 29-700 fi;}2, — ! — -- 1460 2-8 — — 88-878 180 i 00 881 Oct.2»l 4-7 Previous years . 2U-862 — ' m-l — — — , — — — 126-018 214 — — ._ Hokitika - 70 29-934 r530 82-0 12-7 ' t2-fl 106-8 ■■ 28-8 •S4» 87 110-6NO 188 185 616 Jan. 29 5-3 .. 6U 29-l»54 1-403 62-9 ! 18-3 , W9 101-2' — -348 86 88-210 180 180 000 Aug. 20 0-4 Previous years 29-926 - 61-7 i — — — — -376 90 UO-4<0 206 — — Dunedlti - 70 29-H«7 1-Kt2 50-0 13-1 82-0 lM-0 10-0 •*2flO 79 39-202 171 171 700Anr.27 980 Jan. 8 B-0 ., - ■ '89 29-928 l-m 50-8 : 18-6 46-0 164-0 17-l> •'281 75 32-918 i imi liW 8-0 Previous yearn 29 -Wtt — 50-8 ; — — — — -274 71 31-500 181 — — Southland - "70 20-8.U 1-840 49-9 19-2 8»-0 16«V0 14-0 ••288 79 63-980 189 209 710 Mar. 8 5-2 - •« »*i4S 1-449 80-9 18-6 1 «3-0 163-0 J3-0 -304 80 42 -two 150 180 708Juuel6 6-3 PMvioottyewa ai-w 4e-8j - 1 - 1 _ _ -202 7S 49-080 108 — "™ _ Cafb or Good Hof«. Ite of the Eastern and Western districts «int,^ilt are both peculiarly healthy. The winter mmi apring months are the ino.st agreeable and ploMant. The summer heat isoppre.ssive, but does not affect health. Lung diseases, and other affec- tions common in cold climates, as well as fevers, and the liver diseases of hot climatt'S, ate very rare throughout S. Africa ; a fever, however, of a low typhoid type, carried off several hundreds of inhabi- tants durmg the la.st few months in 1H67. Neither Asiatic cholera nor Hydrophobia lias been known in the colony. Even Measles and Small -pox only occur at intervals of many years. The range of the thermometer is considerably le.s.s than in England. The general temperature is much higher, but from the dryness of the atmosphere during the greatest heat, the degree indicated by the instrument is far beyond any ]>ersonal discomfort or inconvenience caused. Exposure to the nud-day heat of summer is un- pleasant but not dangerous. The nights are generally cool, and the cold of winter is only suflicient to be bracing, frost or snow being rare or unknown, ex- cept in very elevated tracts of country. About once in 4 or 5 years the drought may partially injure the crops. In some parts of the Eastern districts, and sometimes during wet seasons in the Western, the wheat is liable to rust, but on arable lands in favour- M 2 180 CLIMATE-CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. [1872. able ■ituatloni the noil uiualljr yield* eicelfent rropa without much ciiliivatioii or ctte. The followintf m an epitome of the most imjH)rt«nt reiulti of the Meteorulogirnl Ob»ervation> inudv at the Hnval < )brVt iiituatcci .'Ik mili-i caNt of (ape 'I own, in liititudo 3fir>t')':i', iliiring IX) yeart from 1H1'.' to lH»i^. Harnmrtrr at temperature SiP. Mean of JO } enrn ... 300:16 inches. Tiikiiif; thv intaoji of M years from 1M4'J to Ih.-.l. Alaxiniuin did'ercncc of nn- niial mean* (14 yenrs) - "O-W „ Maximum » 18 783 i> 4 465 )> 576 » - 19- 132 5-184 Force. — Mean,on the square foot * 50 lbs. Maximum in one month (December) - - 1 • „ 12 Minimiim in one month (May) . - . 014 „ To the freouent winds may he attributed the noted salubrity of tne ('.ipe climate, p.irticulnrly the absence of those fevers of the bilious remittent type which in many other countries arc pnxluced by marsh miasma or by continued calm hot weather. From observations ma» foot. 172. 1872.] CLIMATE— NATAL; FALKLANDS; HONG KONG, 4c IHl AwrraArT of the Mean Annual Rmilti from the >feU'on)loKic«l Stalinn« within the Colony, and fritm Marittburir, Natal; Adelaide, South Australia; llubait Town, Taainania; hC llrlciuii Aiitaoamu'ivu, _j}»dmgunTiuiiStw ZeaUnd. JNAMn or STATIOHt. TSMriaATVia*, fahr. Mean iUuge M(Mn nf Mean of Mmii oC fraatMl iMut urtmUul Kanire Ituiint Kaofe i '. on 11117 nn itiijr i of HnuifT Itninet Worcwitnr - Miintel I1»T - SoiinTui t We*t - Hiiiinn'ii Towi Ro.rnI I n»nr»torT Von Kllikhcth - OrnliMiii't Tonrn - Aliwnl North Maritzhurg - Adelnide - AdoUid.i Uoliart Town St Helena - - Aiitnnannriro New Zealand Inrhn, 37 MM K-nm ;ta]r. 11 w U'M DIM 812 n-M II 41 8-43 12-XI n a: 8 (» earan<-e of the country is extremely barrcii and desolate. In winter the weather is, happily, lesi b-.isterous than in summer. Were this not so, the cold from May to September would be almost uiii;iidurable." IIONO KONO, In a Report dated in August 184.'>, the Go- vernor stated that he was not aware of a single death since the month of January previous, in the classes raised above soldiers, &c., or working men. Even the troops had been healthy up to that advanced period of the hot season, and the Governor felt certain that the diiusc of ground- floor dwellincs, and the observance of ordinary rules of precaution, would render Hong Kong as healthy as most other places in the world. The Colonial Secretary, in a report dated 9tli No- vember 1866, after confirming the above statement, adds : — " I consider this a remarkable climate for the tropics. The cool weather of Hong Kong, which lasts five months, h a great advantage ; but it is not to be denied that the variation of temperature, afker a lengtnen.fd residence, tells surely and severely on the European constitution." f* ; IflS [1872. I 1 I ■! ••»ji ^' INDEX. ni •IS 2 •I 7 ArHcAiia, I.DientmIL liitrrMiuctkin of, into British OiilHiia and TnnidBd — — — Jniiial(ia • • - • -— — CoiitnulHof Hcrviw niMlooiil of iiritixli Guinna not valid In Ooloiiy AKent«, Colonial.— (><>n«ral nnd Kiiiitrratioti in United KiriRdotn —- Imuiixration in Colonioii Aid to KoiiKruiit* iindur tlio Poor rHiil of Lando • • - -148 (Jovcrnipr - - • - 2(1 liiniiifcrniitN Hinco lM3t • • - ni) Iiiimiirrntion I^aws • - ■ - M l'<)|iiiliition • • - • 28 ll<-v<^iiu<3 • • • - -28 Ahhhv OlllcpH : -^ ■ "■ Now Wcstminitcr - • • 107 Cariboo - - • - ■ 1()7 AgsUted l'aH!jR«e«. — Statement of Assistance (riven by various Colonios - - 5 by uiL-ans of I'oor RatcH • -7 Auckland {nee aUo Now /uaiand) : ClimHlc - - ■ • 170 DiHposnl of Land - - - - 1211 Town and Suburhiiti I-ands • - ISt) Allotinonts for Rt'liKiouH PurposeB • 130 (ioncral Coujitry liftnd - - 13t» Special Sottlenicut Land • • 130 Occupation of wasto Laiids • • 131 FreoC.rantH - - - 131 Grants to Niival and Military Settlers - 131 Pastoi-nl find 'IMinber Licences - - 132 EmiKration Auonts • ... a Gold Kxnortod - • - - IftV Gold Fields f , [f • • - 14« Public Works .«■#•'«■ ^ . . . 130 Australia (nee separate Colonies) : Assistance to emigrate - ■ • 6 Climate - - - • - 172 Demand for Labour - - • 17 Disiiosal of Land - • - - 106 EmiKration from 183-1 - • -3 Clothing, Prices of - - - - 22 Food, Prices of - • - - 22' Gold mining .... 100 Passafres, Cost of - • • - 4 Wages - ... - 26 Bahamas : Aliens, Naturalization of • • • 43 Hnnks - - • - - 48 Disposal of Land .... 150 Governor - - • - • 26 ImuiiKnints, Number introduced - -69 Population - ■ - - 28 lt*!V0HU0 • - - . - 28 Wages - • - - "1)7 Banks, List of Colonial Banks in tho Culonlos Hanking in the Catukdi&n Dominion Barbadoos : Aliens, Naturalization of Hanks .... (Jovi-rnor Legal and Metliral Practitioners, Qtuiliflca- lions fur Population • • • < Revenue . . • Kay of Islands Ure Auckland and Now Koal&nd) Disposal of Land Bermuda: A lieiiN, Naturalization of • • Demand for lialmur (toneral Notice resiKscting • (Jovernor .... Immigration I,aws ... Legal and Medical Practitioners, QualiflcA- tions for Population Revenue Wages ..... Boat Scale under Passengers Act Bond for Immigrants likely to l)ocomo a publii charge after landing Bounty on Immigrants, West Indies HondiiraH ... British Columbia {nee alto Vancouver Island) : Aliens, Nat\iralization of • Banks in • - • Climate ..... Clothine, Price of • Demand for Labour - Disposal of Land : By pre-emption of unsurveyod Lands By Sale of surveye)i|iitalii - ... Imli'iitiirp, FiMfi. Tcrrnof liuliutriHl K4-!iuli'ru'<' ■ . Ili>-lii(lfiitun'ii • • • Kt'imtrlatiiiii of • . Taskwork .... Total frt)in K»h1 Iiidiofi • Total IiKliarit, AfnraiiN, Ac, Total R4> • • • 78 ft 82, 83 < 1(18 M 48 47 B 47 47 47 48 47 4X 48 ft M) 48 ft 411 4Mft «) 4X ,sn m 67 159 Atrrirultural Pnxluce, Price* of AlieiiH, Nntiimli/.Htioii of - Kiimtffa of ImmJKrantN, not linblu to Duty KaiiKN .... BoMd)« for InniiiKrantH nu arrival CanaiN - .... Cajpitation Tai ... Climato - . - . Clothinir, IMcett of - Deceased KinmiKrantM' effects Dflraand for Lalxiur, Ontario and Quebec DiHiKisalof Land. See tho s«!vi'ral FroTincos. DiHtnnces and Karen from Quobec Dwellinif. cost of eroctiiiK - Educntion - - - . - EraiKration, usnImUhI PiutNaffes AKcnts in United Kinfirdom Food, Prices of (•Jeneral Notice of Government of • Qovemor-Geneml Immigrants likely to become burthcnsome, Bond for Imniigrrntion Act, Provisions of, for Protec- tion of Imraiirmnts LeK>il und Medical Practitioners, Qualiflca- tions of - ... Notice, respecting - Passages, Cost of by Warrants Assistance towards Ontario V2 12 77 7 2&7« 19&77 72 Population to square mile. Revenue, and Ex' penditure. Debt, and Exjjorts and Imjjorti per head ... - - 15 Provinces of Dominion - - - 73 Provisions, Prices of - • - la Belifdon - - - - . - 77 Remittances for Immigrants - • ■ 8 Time to arrive in - - - - 10 Revenue and Expenditure, comparative table, per head - - - 16 Revenue, Total of - • - - 28 Waffcs - - - - 23 4 77 Canals, in Canadian Dominion - - 77 Canterbury : (see New Zealand) : Disposal of Land - . . . 130 20 3» U 29 8 77 12 1(M 2(1 9 Irt 77 26 11 34 72 4 7 7 28 Canterhury-^mf. WMtt' IaihIi H4«tni Kiiml Laiiiln .... Gmnu (•r'NoldM'r* and 8(iiluni tturrUIn I'riM-uipliir.' Klfrtito Ihmturf Liooniva • . TimtM>r l,li-rii<<«« ... AiiiM'uin(>nt of Kuiw ... Cu|)e of (Icaol ||o|n> : Aliina. NaturaliMlionof • • HankN .... CNarjnK latida, cfml of • . t.'liniHto .... ClolhlnK, Price t»f . - . DeinaiKl. fur I^lMMir • Diamond Kivldn > DlMtMMal of Crown lAiidii • Hale, suhjrvt to Quit R«Mt Valiialili- LandN not tlcemt'd "Crowi Landx " • - Pnmtier Jjindi I'rovUion for Survey • • Htjuattem' Improvrnientit M aiit« LandH adioininK aettli-d farm* Lt-aoinK Crown i>nndH LeHJMw f(ir n Year i'crMonal Occtipiiliun not roquiriMl AKriculturnlareaii, iiale of, in Hectlona of 5(N) Acres by (xmdltional 8«lo Halo of land to IiO«MH>ii Dwellings for LalMiunTi), (>Mt of Oovcrnor .... LeK»l and Medical Practitioiiuni, Qualiflc*' tions for - Paiiiiaxeii, Cost of - . • No free or aanlsted Population - . . . ProvisiouN, Price of • • • Revenue ..... WoKOs, Rates of • - Capitation Tax in North American ColonicH ——— None iu Australia Ceylon : Aliens, Naturali/Jttion of - • lianks - - - . l)iH|x>Mul of Crown Lands • Governor . . ■ . Population Revtsjuie ... . Chaplains for ImmiKrants in Colonies China.— Emifrration to West Indies, 8iu<|*ondod Convention not nitiflcd West India KmiKratioii A^cnt in Chinese Piwsenirprs' Laws : Chinese PasseuKers' Act, Inip<;rial - As to voynifes of more tliim seven days duration. Colonial Ordiiiiinco LicensinK Passo^^e lrs do. Hospitals, Ac. do. Health ond Protection of EniiKrants do. As to voyages of moro than sevi^n (lays duration do. .\s to voyages of not more than 80 day dunition Clearing lands. — Expense of, in various Colonic't Climate : North American Colonies Australia .... Now Zealand ... South African ... Falklands Hong Kong - . . Clothing.— Prices of, in various Colonies IM iw IM A 1.17 IM lft7 U7 40 !W 1(» 17W t\ t> 7V 180 IM 161 161 181 162 let \r,i 162 162 IM IM « 2(1 4 7 28 20 2H 2.1 12 10 32 16(1 27 28 28 2 6(1 6(1 2 W (tit nil (!!) 70 70 1(16 168 172 176 179 ISl 181 21 ^-.y.^ 4^^ 0.:%^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A 'T/ ..V <. .<»^.^ .V4 <'^^A> /. 1.0 !ti2*Ki lis 121 |09 1.1 t^^ ^ m 1.25 1 1.4 ||,.6 *" m ^ //, >).^ o 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. U580 (716) 87i-«503 184 INDEX. [1872. Colonial AKentg In EnKlsnd • Banks, list of Public Lands, sold and for sale, State ment of Colonies. — Dates and mode of acquisition of List of, names of Governors, Ac. Population, Revenue, and Expenditure Contract Tickets, when to be given should bo kept carefully Cooly Emigration to West Indies and Mauritius. General Information roHpccting For Immigration Laws, aee West India Colonies. Cost of Erecting Dwellings in various Colonies - Passages fh)m United Kingdom to British Colonies and United States Crown Lands.— Begulations for disposal of. (See Disposal of Crown Lands). Debt of North American Provinces Deceased Emigrants' Effects.— Laws respecting Demand for Labour in various Colonies Destitute Emigrants.— Bond from shipmaster for maintenance of - Diamond Fields of South Africa Dietary Scale under Passengers' Act Disposal of Crown Lands : &0>t«ra{.— Statement of general rula • In Australian Colonics ... Summary rf modes of sale, and prices Do. do. in New Zealand Table of lands alienated and remaining for disporal .... Agents for sale of land, and prices, in On tario ... Agents for Free Grants in do. Agents for Sale of Land in Quebec Agents for Free Grants Payt'ent in England for purchase of laud In Falkland - Do. do. in Western Australia For Canadian Dominions.— ^e the several Provinces. For New Zealand do. For New Plymouth.— /Sw Taranaki. By «a;«.— Auckland, N.Z, Antigua Bahamas British Columbia British Guiana British Sfaerbro' Canterbury, N.Z. Cape of Good Hope Ceylon • Dominica Falkland Islands Honduras Jamaica Manitoba Marlborough, N.Z. Mauritius Natal - Nelson, N.Z. - New Brunswick - Newfoundland New South Wales Nova Scotia - Ontario - Otago, N.Z. Prince Edwurd Island Suebeo ueensland St. Vincent Sierra Leone Page i SO 158 26 26 28 00 8 46 10 4 10 16 9 79 62 81 106 160 14S 168 82 82 83 83 165 124 130 148 160 101 148 156 136 160 166 150 164 160 140 108 143 156 163 136 101 106 106 100 81 139 104 8i 111 160 165 Page Disposal of Crown Lands— 0on<. South Australia - • - 118 Do. Northern territory - • 120 Southland, N.Z. - • - 142 Taranaki, N.Z. - - • • 133 Tasmania - - ■ - 127 Trinidad ■ - - • 140 Turk's Island and Caicoa • • 160 Victoria ■ - • - 114 Wellington. N.Z. - - - 138 Western Australia - - -124 West Indies • - - - 148 Westland, N.Z. - - - 137 By free grants.— AuckUaid.y.Z. • - 131 British Columbia • - - 102 British Guiana •• - -148 Jamaica • • - • 62 Canterbury, N.Z. - • • 136 Natal - - • • • 154 Newfoundland - - - • 106 Ontario • • - -81 Quebec - • - - 88 QueeaMnnd (for payment of passage, Ac.) 118 Trinidad, to Coolies in commutation of re- turn passages > - - • 60 By conditional «a/«.— Cape of Good Hope • 160 Queensland • - • -111 New South Wales - • - 100 South Australia (on credit) • • 118 Victoria . • • - 114 Tasmania - ■ • - 127 By pre-emption. British Columbia - - - 101 Manitoba • - - - .103 Nelson, N.Z. - - • - 136 Canterbury - • • •ISO For hometteads. Nelson, N.Z. - - • - 136 Manitoba 103 Ontario ... - - 82 Queensland * - - - 111 Ditto in Gold Fields • • 113 Wellington. N.Z.. - - • 134 By lease* and licences : Victoria .... hi I. Occupation leases for tillage and pasture : Auckland, N.Z. • ■ - 131 Canterbury, N.Z. - - -136 Cape of Good Hope • • • 127 Falklands - • - .154 Marlborough, N.Z. - - - 144 Nelson, NJi. • • - 135 New South Wales • • -.106 Otago, N.Z. • - • . 140 Queensland - • .112 South Australia - • - 121 Southland, N.Z. - • -142 Tasmania - - • • 127 Western Australia • • • 124 Westland, N.Z. • - -138 Do. (Flax lands) - - 188 Victoria - - ■ - 115 II. Oold licences and leases : Auckland, N.Z. ... 146 Nova Scotia • • -100 Otago, N.Z. ■ • -141 Nelson, N.Z. - - - - 186 New South Wales - - -108 South Australia - - - 122 Victoria . - - - 115 III. Mineral leases (other than gold): British Columbia • • - 103 Labuan . - - • 166 Marlborough, N.Z. ■ • 144 Nelson, N.Z. • - •135 mm 1872.] INDEX. 185 Disposal of Crown Lands— ron^ Newfoundland New South Wales • Nova Scotia Ontario Ota|ro,N.Z. ■ Quebec South Australia • Southland, N.Z. Tasmania 'i'aranaki, N.Z. Trinidad Victoria Western Australia IV. Timber licences: Auclcland ... British Guiana Canterbury, N.Z. Marlborouirh, N.Z. • Nelson, N.Z. - New South Wales • Ota^o, N.Z. . Quebec . - • Queensland . South Australia Do. Northern territory Southland, N.Z. Trinidad Western Australia - Westland, N.Z. V. Jiy Quit Menu, Ac: Labuan .. Kong Kong Distances and Fares from Quebec to various places in North America Dominica : Banks .... Disposal of Land ... (jtovemor Immigrants, Number introduced Population Revenue .... Dutch Guinea: Administrator of Government Dwellings for Labourers, Cost of erecting; Australia and New Zealand, &c. North America ... East Indies: Laws respecting Emigration Emigration Agents Medical Inspectors Protectors ... Becruiters ... Contracts for Labour Registration of Emigrants . Inland Conveyance Dep<^ts .... Emigration Vessels Emigration Season Embarkation ... Women and Children, Proportion of Provisions, &c. ... Clothing Ventilation, &c. ... Boats .... Prohibition of Emigration . Pees .... Provisions at; to French Colonies Length of Voyages Effects of Passengers dying on voyage, how dis posed of . • • Elmiiia and Dutch Guinea : Adm inistrator of Govern ment • Emigration Agents in Colonies.— List of Pago 105 108 100 99 140 99 128 148 128 ISS 15(1 110 124 132 148 1»7 144 135 108 141 82 113 118 122 142 149 126 137 156 156 12 SS 160 26 50 28 28 26 10 12 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 67 67 67 68 08 68 68 68 86 8 Emigration Commissioners.— Names of • Officers in United Kingdom.— List of, and their Duties Returns.— To the several Australian Colonies from 1838 to 1870 . From United Kingdom, tmm 1815 to 1870 .... Of Indians and Africans to West Indies and Mauritius since Abolition of Slavery • Enqvirira rosnecting Friends.— Colonial OHIcers who will reply to - . - - Exoliange, rate of, in Canada - - Expenditure of North Amerioan Provinces of Colonics generally • • • Exports of North American Colonies Falkland iHlnnds.— Climate • • . KoiiiU required for foreign Immigrants Domaiul for Labour .... DisiKMiil of Land ... Conditions of sale - . . • DeiKxsilH of Money in England Paiiliire Leases .... Compulsory Purchase of Parts of Runs Wild Cattle on Runs . . • LiccnscH to kill ... General Information respecting Governor .... Fares and Distances,— North America Free and Assisted Possagcs,- by various Colonies Gambia. Governor • • Population ... Revenue - . Gibraltar. Aliens, Naturalization of Governor ... Population Revenue ... Gold, Exports of, from Australia Victoria ... Now South Wales New Zealand Queensland North America Gold Fields : New South Wales - Queensland ... Victoria ... Tasmania • • Otago New Zealand - • Natal British Columbia Nova Scotia Gold Mining Regulations : British Columbia • Natal - New South Wales Nova Scotia Ontario Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria -.Assistance given Pago 8 2 3 3 50 3 11 28 28 28 181 9 19 154 154 155 154 114 114 165 78 27 12 86 28 28 . 26 ' 88 - 28 . 168 • 168 110 k 162 • 164 113 A 163 - 164 . 109 - 118 • 116 • 128 - 141 - 146 • 164 • 165 - 165 . 102 - 164 • 109 • 100 09 - 113 - 128 • 128 • 115 Government Emigration Offlccn in United Kingdom.— List of, and their Duties Government Immigration and Emigration Agents in Colonies Emigration Agents in Great Brilflin in India .... 186 INDEX. ri872. p Poge Oovernon of Ooloniea, and their Salaries • 26 Oninada : Aliens, Naturalization of • - - 43 Hanks - • ■ - • 8S Bounty on ImmiKrants, none giren - GO Governor - - - - - SM Immigrants, Number of ... 63 Immigration Laws - • .63 Population ... . . 63 Revenue ... . .63 Wages - - ... 64 Hawlce's B^y.—See New Zealand • - - 143 Heligoland : Governor - - - - - 27 Population . • . .28 Expenditure • • • • 28 Revenue - • • .28 Hints to Emigrants to Australia - • . B to British North America • - 10 Hong Kong : Aliens, Naturr,lization of ■ • 44 Banks • • . • . 33 Climate - - . - - 181 Demand for Labour - • - 19 Emigration Agent - ■ . 2 under Contracts of Service Emigration, none to British Colonies since 1862 ... . . (Jovemor .... Land Regulations .... Legal and Medical Practitioners, Qualifica- tions of - - - - - 37 Notice repeccing ■ - -80 Population . . . ■ 28 Revenue • . . -28 Honduras : Aliens, Naturalization of . • - 44 Bounty on Immigrants ■ . .66 Disposal of Land . . - - 160 Emigration Agent in China - - - 2 Governor - - - - 26 Immigrants, Number introduced ■ ■ 69 Immigration Law - . -54 Population ..... 28 Revenue . . . - 28 Hudson's Bay Company, Lands of, not open to Pre-emption or Homestead Rights - 104 Immigrants' Bonds for sick, infirm, and paupers in Canada, Victoria, Falklands, and other Colonies - . ■ . - 8 United States .... 8 Tax, Canada - . - 11 Personal Etfects exempt 'fh)m import Duty - . ■ . -11 Immigration Agents in Colonics ■ • 2 Immigration, Coloured Races : Laws and Regulations respecting : West Indies . . • - 46 British Guiana - . . 43 Trinidad • ... 48 St. Luoia . > • • 61 Jamaica - • • - 62 Grenada - • • -63 Tobago - - . -64 St. Christophers .... 64 Honduras - • • - - 64 Antigua - • . - 64 St. Vincent - . • . 66 Bermuda > • • .66 Natal . • • • - 66 Mauritius • • • - 66 Page Immigration, Coloured Races— <»m<. Bounties payable on introduction of Immi- grants - - • 66 Return Passages for Immigrants • • 66 Immigrants introduced since 1834 - 69 Imports of North American Provinces - - 16 Inter-Colonial Voyages (Australia), Length of - 66 IndU: Aliens, Naturalization of • • - 44 Emigration Act - . . . • Jamaica : Africans, Iiibcratcd, Indentures, ftc., of - 62 Aliens, Naturalization of - - • 43 Banks . - • - -33 Bounty, none given - • -66 Demand for Labour - • - 68 Disposal of Land • • - - 140 Emigration Agent in India ■ - 2 Governor ..... se Holidays of Immigrants - • - 63 Immigrants : Efliects of deceased - - -9 Rations for - - - • 62&63 Grants of Land to - - 62 ft 63 Total f^om East Indies . • 63 Numl)ers returned to India • • 63 Total from all Places • - 69 Immigration Laws • • - 52 Iiidonture Fees - • ■ - 62 Labour, hours of - . -63 Wages 63 Legal and Medical Practitioners, Qualiflca- tlons for • • - - 36 Population • • • • - 28 Revenue - - - - 28 Rations for Immigrants ■ • 62&63 Wages - - - 63*67 Eowloon {see Hong Kong). Labuan : Disposal of Land - • • • 160 Prices realized - - - 166 Governor- - - - - - 27 Population - - - - 28 Revenue - • • • S8 Land Agents in Canada : Ontario • • - 82 Quebec - • - 83 Lands in Colonies {see Disposal of Land). — Summary of modes of Sale and Prices - 169 in New Zealand ... 145 Lands Sold and for Sale in various Colonies • 168 Legal Practitioners in Colonies, Qualiflcaticn of - 34 Length of Voyages : to Australia • - 9 to North America - - - 10 for purposes of Passenger Acts ■ - 60 Malacca.— Lieutenant-Governor - - • 27 Manitoba : Notice respecting • - •73 Disixjsal of Crown Lands - - - 103 Pre-emption Rights ... 103 Homestead Rights • • • -103 Lieutenant-Governor - • - 20 Population 28 Revenue - - - - - -28 Route to • • • - 16 Marll)orough {see New Zealand) : Disposal of Land: By Sale - - - - 144 Town, Suburban, and Rural Land, &c., price of - - - - 144 72. 1872.] INDEX. 187 MarlborooRh— 0on<. Appropriation of ProcoedM Biineral Leases - Pasture Licencoa • Pasture Lenses Titnlier Licences Mauritius : Aliens, Naturalization of Banks • • • Coolie Immigration Laws Return of Numbers introduced since 1834 Demand for Labour Disposal of Land Emigration Agents in India (Jovemor ... Immigrants, number of - Immigration Agent Immfiration Laws Popubtioii Regulations for Disposal of Land - Revenue .... Wages Medical Practitioners in Colonies, Qualifloations of . - - - • Meteorological Returns t Toronto • New Brunswick • Newfoundland • British Columbia New South Wales Queensland Victoria - Tasmania Cape of Oood Hope Natal - Military and Naval Officers, privileges to Mining Rights : British Columbia New South Wales Victoria ... South Australia New Zealand - . • . Money, Bate of Exchange in Canada • Murray Flats, South Australia, prospecting for Qoldin - Natal: Aliens. Naturalization of • Banks ... Climate Demand for Labour • Disposal of Land : Upset Price - Cost of SurvNT Conversion of Quit Rents Free Grants Pasture Leases Free Passages to, not given Gold Fields Qovemor Legal and Medical Practitioners, Qualifica- tions for - - - • Passages, Cost of xione free ... Population Prices of Clothing Provisions Revenue ... Route through, to Diamond Fields • Wages .... Naturalization of Aliens Navrl and Military Officcrn, Privileges to Not now granted in Now Zealand • Page IM 144 144 144 144 44 3» M o« 19 lfi6 2 27 B9 2 S6 28 140 28 67 8S 168 170 170 171 172 172 173 176 179 181 166 102 103 116 122 146 11 123 40 82 181 19 163 163 163 164 164 7 147 36 4 7 28 81 80 88 80 83 38 166 131 Nelson (nee New Z<>«lniid) : Dis|M)Nal of Ijaiul : Wasto Laixl Hoard ... RoscrvoH for l^ll)lil■ Ihirposos and for Education To )h) sold bv Auction Nntivt! Veiulors may ropurchaNO Homostend ProHjmption PaMturo IjCusom ... Timber Lic<^iiPe» - - 186 Minrriil LiindH MiiiiiiK Loiusos Gold L(MiiW'8 Flux Licences Gold Mining Leases to Discoverers Nevis: Administrator of Qovernmont Aliens, Natumlizatioii Immigrants, Number of Population Revenue New Brunswick {see alto Canadian Dominion) Agricultural Produce, Price of Aliens, Naturalization Banks Climate Clothing, l^ice of CleariiiK Lund, CoHt of - . Demand for Labour • • Disposal of Land Lands to lie laid out in 100 acre lots Allotment to Immigrants Price in Cash or Labour Settlement Duties ... Le^land Medical Practitioners, Qualifica- tions for - - • • '.ieutenant-Govemor Notice respecting ... PasMwos, COHt of <^ . Population .... Provisions, Price of Remittances for Immigrants Revenue .... Routes through Quebec to Wages Newfoundland ; Agricultural Produce, Price of Aliens, Naturalization Banks ... Climate ... Clothing. Price of Clearing Land, Cost of Demand for Labour Disposal of Land : By Sale By Free Licences and Grant • By Mineral Licenses Governor Legal and Medical Practitioners, Qualifica- tions for - - - - PassMes, Cost of, and Route Population Provisions, Price of Revenue - • • Wages New South Wales t Aliens, Naturalization of * Banks - . . Climate • • • Clothing, Price of - • . Clearing Land, Cost of • * Domann for Labor ... DlHtwsal of Land : By Sale By Sale, Conditioniil Page 18t Ut 136 1»» 136 136 Al»6 186 13(1 136 186 147 86 43 69 28 28 20 80 20 l(t9 20 166 16 101 101 101 101 81 26 78 4 28 20 7 28 16 20 30 20 170 21 165 17 105 106 106 26 »i 4 88 80 88 83 40 30 172 22 166 17 106 106 ^r ..fiSai 188 INDEX. [1872. Now South Wales— coH<. By Lcasps of Pasture By MinitiR Leases By flold Leases By Timber Licenoee Dwellings for Labourers, C!oBt of Effects of Deceased EmiKRinta • Gold Fields Export of KaiMud .... Oovomor ... Leval and Medical Pnustitioners, Qualiflca- tlonsof PassaKes^ost of • • Free and Assisted Population Provisions, Price of • Revenue .... Wafces, Rate of - - • Now Plymouth.— ^e« Taranaki. New Zealand {see also separate Provinces) : Axent in England Aliens, Naturalization of - Banks - . - - Climate .... Clearii.K I>and, Cost of • • Clutliinir, Price of - - - Dcuiand for Labour ... Di8|)osal of Cn>wn La.ids . Dwellings fur Laborers, Cost of • Gold Fields, Information respecting Acts relating to - Miners' Rights ... Business Licences • • Mining Boards ... Warden's Courts Gold Mining Leases - , • Water Races ... Mining on Lands of Natives Exported Governor ... Immigration, appropriation of Land Re venue to . - ... Superintendent may make Rules for Pro- vince . . - - . False Statements b> Immigrants, Penalty for - Governor may make Contracts for • Fund applicable to - Contracts of Service bv Immigrants Governor to make Rules for Colony • Legal and Medical Pmctitiouers, Qualifica- tions of ... Natives, Disposal of Land by Passages, Cost of - • Assisted - Public Works - Funds applicable to - Water supply to Gold Fields Passengers deceased, Effects of Population ... Provinces of - Provisions Revenue Settlement Acts, Power to acquire Land under ... How Land so acquired Is to bo divided How to be sold Price of Lands . . • Timber and other Licenaes Leases of Flax Lands • Licenses to cut Flax - Landscrlp may be paid for • Wages, Bates of Pag« 106 108 106 108 9 109 146 110 27 37 4 6 28 2:: 28 24 8 48 31 170 160 22 80 128 9 146 146 146 146 146 146 147 147 147 146 27 123 129 129 Hi 129 129 129 37 128 4 6 129 129 129 9 28 128 28 88 188 188 138 188 188 188 188 138 88 Page North American ColoniM (ste alto sepante ProTlnoet) : Banks - . • - - 20 Climate of .... -168 Hints to Emigrants • • • ■ 11 Prices of Agricultural Produce • • 2i) Clothing ... . . 20 Provisions - - • - 21 Revenue, Debt, Expenditure, Ac. - - 16 Wa«os 81 North West Territories. See Manitoba and Canadian Dominion : Route to, via Toronto - - - 14 General Notice respecting . . -74 Notices, General, respecting : Bermuda ... . • .58 Canadian Dominion and its Provinces • 72 Falklands • . . . - 78 Hong Kong . . . . . m Qucentiland .... - 79 South African Diamond and Gold Fields - 79 Nova Scotia {see also Cimadiau Dominion) : AKricultural Produce, Price of - - 20 Aliens, Naturalization . • - 39 Banks - - . - 29 Climate ... . -169 Clothing, Price of - - • - 21 Clearing Land - • - 166 Demand for Labour • • • • 17 DisiKisal of Land .... loo to Immigrants . . .100 Mining Laws • • - 100 Exploring Licences - - 100 Gold Fields . . • • 165 liCgal and Medical Practitioners, QualiOca- tion of - . . . -34 Lieutenant Governor • . • - 80 Notice o^spectlng .... 73 Passages, Cost of • • .4 Population . • - • 88 Provisions, Price of • • - . 20 Revenue . . • . .88 M^ages - • . - 23 Oifences at Sea punishable In Colonies - • 78 OiHoers, (Naval and Military, Privileges of, in Acquisition of Land . - .100 Ontario {see Canadian Dominions) : Climate - . . 168 & 169 Clearing Land . • . • 165 Demand for Labour • • • .16 Disposal of Land : By Sale • . . • • 81 Free Grants and Hometteada • . 81 Agents for. List of • . .82 Mining Regulations • • - 99 Legal and Medical, Practitioners quallflca- tloiis of ..... 34 Notice respecting ... .73 Population • . . .28 Revenue > - * • - 28 Order in Council for promoting Order and Health in Passenger Ships - • .61 Do. do. Protection of Females in Ships to Victoria . • -04 Otogo {see New Zealand) : when establislied, iio. - . . .ISO Sale of Land by flatlvcs • . - 139 Climate ... • - 176 Disposal of Land : Acts relating to - . -ISO Classification of Lands • . 139 Town Lands. • .139 Rural Lands • . .130 Mineral Looses .... 1411 Pasture Leases - • • -140 1872.] INDEX. 189 Ottgo—cont. Timber Licenses . - . Oold Fields • Unlawful Occupation • CSolonisatiou Settlements Appropriation urprooceils of Sales in Gold Fields and Ex ports • Outfit fDr Australia Osone.— Table of. in Victoria - Passsges.— Costof.to British ColoniesandAmorica free ana assisted.— Statement of as- sistance given by various Colonies — — Hints and cautions respocting - cf Friends.— Advice to Persons wishing to prepay ■ jjength of, to America Passengers Acts, 18SB and 186S, Abstract of Intercolonial Tovagcs Indian Emigration Act Chinese ... Polynesian Kidnapping Act United States, Abstract of Dying at Sea, Effects of Passenger Slnps.- Order in Council for pro- moting Health and Order For Protection of Females in Ships to Victoria Space allowed in Ships conveying Asiatics and Africans Passport.- For Naturalised Aliens Form of Colonial Pauper Emigration, Extent of - Penang, or Prince Wales Island, Lieutenant Governor Post Offices, Canada Pitch Lakes (Trinidad).— Regulations for Leasing Polynesian Kidnapping Act Poor Law, Assistance to Emigrants Population of Colonies and United Kingdom Prices (Uetail) of ProvisionB and Clothing in various Colonies .... — — of Agricultural Produce and Fanning Stock inNorth America Prince Edward Island : Agricultural Produce, Price of Aiiena, Naturalisation Banks ■ ... Climate Clothing, Price of Clearing Land. Cost of Demand for Lcbonr Disposal of Land Legal and Medical Practitioners, Qualiflca- tionof ... Lieutenant Governor Passages, Cost of - • Population ... Provisions, Cost of ... Brevenue ... Wages . - . . Provisions, Prices of . • • Quebec: Climate Olearing Land. Cost of • Demand for Labour ... Disposal of LKid ; By Sale By Free Chrants By Agents for Sale and Free Grants Ljgal wd Medical Practitionors, Qualifl ntionsfor Notice respecting I'ago 141 141 141 142 142 146 178 4 B 10 7 10 (SO 67 66 6H 70 71 9 64 64 6S 45 40 7 25 77 133 70 7 28 21 20 SO 39 20 160 21 len 17 104 34 26 4 28 20 28 28 21 169 166 16 83 83 83 34 78 Quebec— m Quebec to Places in the Caiuidian Dominion . . . New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence Usual Main Routes. Canada United States From Toronto to North-west Territories Sierra Leone : Aliens, Naturalisation of Disposal of Land GK)vemor ... Population ... Revenue - * • St. Croix : Banks ... St. Helena : Governor ... Population ... Revenue ... Wageain ... St. KitU : Aliens, Natuialiaation of • • Banks ... Bounty on Immigrants Pago 28 28 13 41 SO 1H5 172 22 IS 111 110 111 111 111 III 112 111 112 112 113 lis 2 A16S 27 37 116 4 6 5 28 22 28 24 76 179 8 61 82 16 13 15 10 15 15 44 155 26 28 28 33 88 88 67 43 33 66 •On 190 INDEX. [1872. PsKC St. KittH-eont. Demand for Labour • • • 68 Oovenior - . - 2« InimiKrantt, Numbers introduced • B9 IiiiiniKnition Law - M Population ... 28 Repatriation - - - 64 Revenue - - -23 St. Lncia : Alienit, Naturalization of • - 44 Bailing - - • • - its Oontrocts of Sorvico • • -61 Governor . - • - 26 Immifn'ants, Number of • • - 69 Indentures of • - - - 61 Repatriation • . • - 61 & t>2 Grants of Land to • • - 61 ImmiKration Laws - - • - 61 Population . - • - 28 Revenue • . • • - 28 St. Vincent : Aliens, Naturalization of • • -44 Banks - - • • • . 33 Bounty on Immigrants - - - 6tt Disposal of Land ■ - • • 160 Governor - - • - 26 Immigrants, Number of - - - 60 Imraigrtition Laws ■ ■ > 65 Population - - - - 28 Repatriation - - • > 66 Revenue - - - - ■ 28 Wo^es ... . - 6S Work, hours of - - • • 66 Settlors in the Colonies. — Offlcers who will answer Enquiries respecting - - 3 South African Diamond and Gold Fields • 79 Laws _ • ■ ■ « 9u Territorial Division - • - 79 Courts - - - - - 79 Regulations for Diamond Fields • -80 Titles to Land - • -80 Routes to - • ■ -80 South Australia ; Agent, Colonial - - • • 2 Aliens, Naturalization of - - - • 41 Banks - - - - -30 Clearing Land, cost of • • •166 Climate • • - - 174 Clothing. Price of - • • ■ 22 Demand for Labour - • 17 Disposal of Lands : Acts relating to - - - 117 Acreage alienated and amount realised 124 Appropriation of Proceeds - - 118 By Sale - - - - 118 Pasture Leases - • - 118 & 121 Mineral Leases - - • - 118 Mineral and Timber Licences ■ - 118 Mineral Lands .... 123 Scrub Land Acts - • .118 On Credit - - - - 118 Unauthorized occupation of Land, pe- nalty on - ■ - -118 Leases of Land north and west of Fort Augusta - - - -121 In Agricultural Areas • • • 119 In Northern Territory : Appropriation of Proceeds - •120 By Sale 120 By Leases of Runs - - - 120 Pastoral Leases within and without the hundreds . . •. -181 Renewal of Leases for Pastoral Purposes 121 Extension of Selection of Preliminary Lands 180 South Australia— «on<. Dwellings for Labourers, coot of Gold Mining .... Regulations for • - ■ I'rospecting for in Murrv/i Flat* Governor ... Legal and Medical Practitioners, Qualifloft- tions of - ■ • - Miners' rights .... Passages, Cost of - • Free and Assisted, Grant of, suspended Passengers, Deceased, Effects of, how dis- posed of ... Pasturage, Assessment of Stock Population . . - . Provisions, Price of Revenue .... Timber Licenses . . . • Wages, Bate of ■ - • • Sierra Leone : Aliens, Naturalization of • - Disposal of Land . . • Governor ..... Population - - . . Revenue ..... Southland— (mo New Zealand) : Re-incorporated into Otago Disposal of Lands : Acts regulating ... Reserves - . . . Town Lands • - - - Rural liands ... Contractors for Public Works may be paid in .... Lands within Hundreds • Pasture Licences ... Timber Licences Space for Passengers in Asiatio and Aftrican Emigrant Ships .... Statistical Tables: Emigration to Australian Colonies, 1838-1871 (tom United Kingdom from 1816 Cost of Passages to Colonies Immigration into West Indies and Mau' ritius, 1884-1870 - ' - Revenue, Expenditure, Debt and Imports, North American Provinces Agricultural Produce, Prices of Provisions and Clothing Prices : North America ... Australia .... Wages, North America South Africa Australia ... Population, Revenue, and Expenditure, United Kingdom and Colonies Lands disposed of in Victoria disposed of in South Australia Western Australia Alienated and remaining for Aliena- tion in the Colonies ... Metals and Minerals raised in Victoria Miners employed . . - Gold exported Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland - -^— ^^— New Zealand Straits Settlements Governor Taranaki {formerly N&io Plymouth ; See New Zealand) : Disposal of Land .... Tumanla : Aliens. Naturalisation of Banks - - - - Clearing Land, Cost of . . . . Page 122 123 121 27 S7 122 6 6 e 121 28 22 88 182 24 63 156 26 28 28 148 142 142 143 142 148 148 143 143 66 3 4 69 18 20 20 23 24 116 124 126 168 161 162 163 164 27 133 40 81 163 1872.] INDEX. 191 Pngo Taamania— coN^. Climato .... ■ 17s Clothins, Prioo of • . . - ii Demand for Labour • • • 10 Disposal of Lands : By Sale 127 By lieaaes • • ■ - 127 Acres Disposed of, and Amount realized 11(1 Rofui Kund . • - • 113 DwelliiiKs for Labourers, Cost of • - - Gold Fields lU Governor - - - - • 27 Lctral and Medical Practitioners, Qualifica- tion of ■ • - - - 87 Passages, Cost of • ■ • -4 by Bounty Tickets • • . 5 Passengers, Deoeasod, Disposal of, Effects of Population 28 Provisions, Price of • • • . 22 Revenue - ■ • • - 28 Wages .... .24 Telegraphs in Canada • • • - 77 Tobago : Aliens, Naturalization of • - - 44 Number introduced • - - 69 Immigration Fund ... .64 Population - - - • - 28 Revenue ... - - 28 Wages 67 Tools of Trade ... • - 10 Trinidad : Aliens, Naturalization of - • • 44 Banks .... .S3 Bounty on Immigrants (none given) • • 66 Demand for Labour - • - - 68 Disposal of Lands : By Sale . - ■ - 149 Bjr Grants to Immigranis • - 60 Timber Lioences • - • 149 Pitch Lake • • • - 149 Mineral Lands - - • - 149 Emigration Agents in India and Chinn - 2 Governor ..... 26 Immigrants : Effects of deceased • • - 9 Reception of, on Arrival • • ■ 49 Contracts of Service out of Colony • 40 Dwellings for • - - - 40 Rations for - - - - 40 Indenture Fees ■ • - 49 Term of - - "40 Re-indenture • - • - 49 HospitalB ... .49 Medical Care of - ... 49 Vagrants ... -49 Repatriation • • • • 40 Duration of Labour • - - 40 Pregnant Women • • • 40 Grants of Land to • - - 60 Indian and Chinese, Number of 60 & 60 Liberated AfHcan - ■ - 61 MortaUty- ... - 61 Immigration Law . - . -48 Govern jr'B Despatch on, operation of -60 Lml (ind Medical Practioners, Qualiflca- ttonof ■ • ■ -36 Population • - - - - 28 Revenue .... -28 Wages • • 49*57 Turks and Caioos Islands : Aliens, Naturalization of • • -44 Disposal of Land - • • • 160 Governor .... - 86 Population .... Revenue .... United HtiitON : BuuUh to bo given for Immigrants likely to bocouii> bunl(>iiiK>niu DiHpoMl of Land Koutns through Qu(>l>oc to . Nalunilization of Aliens in Passengers' Act ... Vancouver Island ; See aUu British Columbia : Banks ...... Climate • . . . Demand for LnlMur . . . • DwoUingM. I'oHt of Krecting Notice ruspcoting . . . . Victoria : AliouH, Naturalization of Banks - ■ • . . Bonds for Inunigrants . . . Climate - . . . Clothing, Price of - . . . Demand for Jjiitmur ... Disposal of Land : Acres disposed of, and Amount realized By Licence and Lcaoe By Auction Ijcases for other than Agricultural or Piuitoral purposes - By Pastoral lioasos Mininit Liwiices Miners' Kiirhts Business Licences - Discoverers of Gold Fields Leases of Auriferous Lands Mineral Leases „ Lioonces Water Right Licences - Dwelhngs for Labourers, Cost of - Emigration Agent Gold, General Information respecting Exports Fields Quantity raised .... Ooventor .... Legal and Medical Practitioners, Qaliflca' tion of Passages, Cost of - - • - by moans of Passage Warrants Passengers, Deceased, Etfccts of Population .... Provisions, Price of - - • Revenue ... Wages - - . . Water-rights Victualling Scale under Passengers' Act Wages in N. A. Colonies and Australia • West Indies - - - • Wellington (tee also New Zealand ) : Disposal of Land : By Sale Town and Suburban Lands Land Scrip available • Proceeds applicable to Public Works and Immigration New Districxs to be proclaimed Special Settlements on deferred Payments • Price and Quantity Contracts for, may be made in England as well as Colony Commission for negotiating Occupation Lioenoe Pre.«mption of Homestead West India Immigration Acts Land Regulations IVo 8& n IM II 46 71 20 17 12 74 41 ,'W> « 178 22 18 iin 114 lit lit 116 116 116 116 110 110 lit) 110 116 2 ISO 1111 116 182 27 30 4 6 24 116 16 138 133 183 138 188 188 184 134 134 184 133 188 46 148 192 INDEX. [1872. Western Aostnlia; Aliens, Naturall^ion of Banks - • Clearing Land, Ooat of Climato Clothlnff, Price of • • Demand for Labour Disposal of Lands ; Quantity sold Deposits for, in England l^vilegcH to Naval and Officers Mineral Lands Pasture Licences and Leases ProspoctinR Licences • Tillaffo Leases In I^rth and East Districts Remissions to Military and Officers Dwellings for Labouiers, Cost of Governor ... Legal and Medical Practitioners, Qualifl cation of Military - 124 Xaval Page 48 SI 160 178 83 18 IX 124 A 106 126 12S 124 125 126 166 27 37 Page V7<»tem Australiar-ooH/. PMsages, Coat of • 4 None firee . 7 Pasiien,;