.o^^\^^ 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 •• illllM iijijj^ 
 '* 12.0 
 
 u 
 
 1.8 
 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 "^ 
 
 6" — 
 
 
 ► 
 
 v: 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 //, 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 ^5 
 
 /!S 
 
 O^; 
 
 ^ 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICIVIH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions 
 
 Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 1980 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilieur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la methods normale de filmage 
 sont indiquds ci-dessous. 
 
 ^ 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommagde 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicul6e 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Colourec pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagdes 
 
 Pages restored and/or laminateu/ 
 Pages restaur6es et/ou pellicul6es 
 
 D 
 
 Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 — 1 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 .vj Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqu6es 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes gdographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 D 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages d^tach^es 
 
 QShowthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 □ Colo 
 Plan 
 
 Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 ches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 □ Quality of print varies/ 
 Qualit^ in^gale de i'impression 
 
 D 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Reli§ avec d'autres documents 
 
 □ Includes supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du materiel supplementaire 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge int^rieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 6t6 filmdes. 
 
 □ 
 
 G] 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule ddition disponible 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont 6t6 film^es A nouveau de facon d 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 □ 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppldmentaires; 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous. 
 
 IPX 14X 18X ^X 
 
 I I I I I I I I I I I I /I I 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 National Library of Canada 
 
 L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grdce it la 
 g6n6rosit6 de: 
 
 Bibliothdque nationale du Canada 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et 
 de la nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprim6e sont filmds en commengant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second 
 plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont film6s en commengant par la 
 premidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernidre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la 
 dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbole — •- signifie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symbole V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent etre 
 film^s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre 
 reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film^ ck partir 
 de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la mdthode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
■■•■■■■■■■ 
 
 ( 
 
 J 
 
I'M? K'( )i:s 
 
 IN 
 
 ('A\AI»IA\IIINT()I!V 
 
 'II I.Kii I i;.i.\i 
 
 "I'liiZK .\.\s\vi;i;s 
 
 HV 
 
 ''l.'i;i). A. M.colil) 
 
 ■^' "» I llf . ..Jiln I|,,h> 
 
 ► "It I Fit •..,! L 1 1 .% ..( riii: 
 
 >i 111 si'iim 1^1 t-M..\, ,,h 111. 
 
 ■■ lA.N (I'M N «l-t. 1 ( I,, I, ' 
 
 .Mn.\ri;i;.\ 
 
 111' 
 
^ ^ ^ — ^^^^ 
 
 
 ERRORS 
 
 IN 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY 
 
 CUM.ED FltoM 
 
 (< 
 
 PRIZK ANSWERS" 
 
 BY 
 
 KliKD. A. McCOED 
 
 OXK OF THE C0MPKT1T0R3 FOR TMK SOLUTION OF Tll« 
 
 UNK IICMDHED (QUESTIONS OF Tll£ 
 
 " CANADIAN 8I'£CTAT0K " 
 
 MONTKEAL 
 DAWSON IJKOTHERS, I'l'BLlSlIKKS 
 
 1880 
 
PCs I 
 
ERRORS 
 
 IN 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY. 
 
 In the month of May, last year, the Canadian 
 Spectator, of Montreal, began the publication, ex- 
 tending over several weeks nfm^c i>n%^,i-..j r\ — _ 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 7, line 14, lor ItlM, read UJd-J. 
 •' -20. lor l(i<*»-, read l«,<i:5. 
 
 u 
 
 k 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 . J/ . ^ . //ff " /Jp ' 
 
 Hermes has recently published his answers in 
 pamphlet form, with the supposed weight attach- 
 ing to the fact of his being the winner of the first 
 prize ; and his answers are, in nearly every case, 
 literally the same as those which the Spectator, 
 
FC5I 
 
 
ERRORS 
 
 IN 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY. 
 
 
 Ill the month of May, lust year, the Canadian 
 Spectator, of Montreal, began the publication, ex- 
 tending over several weeks, of one hundred Ques- 
 tions in Canadian History, and announced that 
 several prizes would be given to those persons who, 
 within a stated period, would furnish the greatest 
 number of correct answers. The answers which 
 were considered correct by the Spectator appeared 
 in its columns in October and November, and 
 some time in December the result of the competi- 
 tion was made known, and " Hermes," (Mr. Henry 
 Miles, Jnr., of Montreal,) was declared to be the 
 winner of the first prize. 
 
 Hermes has recently published his answers in 
 pamphlet form, with the supposed weight attach- 
 ing to the fact of his being the winner of the first 
 prize ; and his answers are, in nearly every case, 
 literally the same as those which the Spectator^ 
 

 with th«( asKuuu'd siuthorily ol' u Jiuli^i' in Iho 
 mutter, doiidod to be the rig-ht ouch. 
 
 Addilional proHtij^e arises from the lact tliat he 
 is the son of a well-known writer of Canadiaii 
 History, whose works are used as text-])ooks in 
 many of our schools ; and, moreover, the statement 
 has been made in the puhlii; prints, and has not 
 been contradicted, that the numerous notes and 
 comments, formini^ part of the appendix, are from 
 the pen of Mr. Miles' father. In these notes, only 
 two or three of the answers are declared to be 
 "not altogether faultless," and it may therefore 
 fairly be inferred that, in the majority of instances, 
 the assertions of Hermes have the sanction of his 
 father's approval. 
 
 These circumstances are of a nature to induce 
 the jniblic to consider the information furnished 
 by Hermes as particularly trustworthy, and to 
 accept his evidence as decisive ; but it would be 
 desirable to know whether this confidence is really 
 well-founded, and whether the contents of the 
 pamphlet in question are suited to be, according 
 to the publisher's intention, " generally useful and 
 interesting to those who may be in any way con- 
 nected with the promotion and dilfusion of the 
 knowledge of our local history." 
 
 Now the truth is that not only are the answers 
 given by Hermes not " correct in ninety-nine cases 
 out of the hundred," but that, on the contrary, 
 more than twenty of them are incorrect. Most of 
 these are completely wrong ; a few are inexact as 
 to dates and other particulars ; and in some ins- 
 
— 5 — 
 
 the 
 
 taiioop, as will ]n> shown, tho niiHWcrs piv«»n nro 
 either not homo out hy, or in direct opposition to, 
 the authorilios citt'd in support of thorn. 
 
 That tho Spectator's first prize should have 
 l)»MMi awarded to Ilormes for a oertain number ol' 
 jinswers, many of whirh are incorrect, is of itself 
 hut a minor consideration ; })ut that erroneous 
 statements relatinsr to the history of our country 
 should not ho widely circulated through the press, 
 under the favourini^ circumstances just mention(>d, 
 without heincf controverted, is a matter of consi- 
 dera])le importance, and has been deemed suffi- 
 cient, in the oi)inion of the writer, to warrant the 
 puldication of the following pa^os, which, it is 
 hoped, may prove both useful and welcome to 
 students and all others who take an interest in 
 Canadian History. 
 
 The errors which form the su))je<'ts of these notes 
 are, for convenience sake, considered under sepa- 
 rate headings, and in the order in which the ans- 
 wers they occur in were published. 
 
 ne 
 
 EAKLTKST MENTION OF LAOCOSSE. 
 
 .S- 
 
 Lacrosso, as at present played, is said to be of 
 comparatively recent date, though in a simpler 
 form it was a favourite pastime of tho Indians 
 centuries ago. The earliest mention of it which 
 I have seen, occurs in Sagard's Voyages an pays den 
 Hurom, published in Paris in 1082. From the ex- 
 
— e 
 
 pression made use of by Sagard (page 174), " crosaer 
 uite balte de hois leger comme Von f aid en nos quartiers" 
 it would appear that it was not unlike some game 
 then played in France. Cut Hermes might seem 
 to have discovered a still earlier reference to the 
 game, for his answer, as to when it is first mention- 
 ed, is " 1008. Le jeu de crosse. Ferland's History of 
 Canada, a'oI. I, page 133." This was accepted by 
 the Spectator as correct. Upon referring to the 
 authority cited, I was astonished to find that page 
 133 forms part of a chapter on the Indians, their 
 customs, etc., and that " 1608 " is only a portion of 
 the running heading of that chapter, and by no 
 means intended for the date of the first mention 
 of any of the customs therein described. Besides, 
 Ferland could have given such an early date only 
 on authority other than his own, his history being 
 a recent publication. Hermes may perhaps be able 
 to account for this singular error. 
 
 FIRST MILITARY ORGANIZATION ON RECORD. 
 
 Question No. 21 was : " What is the oldest mili- 
 tary organization of which there exists an authentic 
 record of formation," and Hermes states that it is 
 the celebrated Carignan llegiment, which was 
 disbanded in 1008, soon after its arrival in Canada. 
 He says ; " Tracts of land were granted to its ofii- 
 cors and men who chose to settle in the Colony, 
 and, in case of attack by the Iroquois or by the 
 Anglo-American colonists, they were expected, 
 
— 7 — 
 
 from their former experience in warfare, to be 
 able to immediately organize an adequate defence 
 of the whole colony." This, I think, cannot be 
 accepted as an answer to the question : for it is 
 only said that they were expected to be able to 
 organize and not that there was an actually exist- 
 ing organization. 
 
 According to Faillon, the military fraternity of 
 " La Tres-Sainte Vierge," composed of sixty-three 
 men, was formed at Villemarie in lG5S,—mstoire 
 de la Colonie Franpaise, vol. II, p. 213, and vol. Ill, p. 
 15, 3rd line ; and the " Militia of The Holy Family 
 of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph," was formed, also at 
 Villemarie, in 1661,— /</. vol. II, p. 16, and p. 20 note. 
 These fraternities, therefore, and not the Carignan 
 Regiment, seem to be " the first military organiza- 
 tions of which there is an authentic record of for- 
 mation." 
 
 The mililia of the Holy Family was formed in 
 January 1662, and must not be confounded with 
 the confr&ie of the Holy Family which was formed 
 in July of the same year. 
 
 THE "ROYAL WILLIAM." 
 
 It has been frequently asserted that the first 
 vessel which crossed the Atlantic, % sfcam-vower 
 alone, was a Canadian-built steamer, the " Royal 
 William." I do not now intend to discuss the 
 question of Canada's right to this distinction, but 
 
8 — 
 
 simply to note the inexactness of the following 
 answer given by Hermes to question 23 : — " The 
 Royal William sailed from Quebec 18 Aug-, 1833, 
 touched at Pictou, N. S., and arrived at Gravesend 
 Sept. 11th, and was commanded by Captain Mc- 
 Donald." I am aware that the Canadian Antiqua- 
 rian, (vol. IV, p. TO,) might be cited in corrobora- 
 tion of this statement ; but, as a matter of fact, 
 the Royal "William left Quebec for London at A. 
 M. on the 5th August, and not on the 18th which 
 was the date of her leaving Pictou. Further, the 
 Captain's name was not McDonald, but John Mc- 
 Dougali. — See Christie''^ HiUori/ of Canada, vol. V, p. 
 362, and the Qacbec Gazette of Aug. "), 1833. 
 
 SLAVERY IN CANADA. 
 
 Slavery appears to have been introduced into 
 Canada about 1089, and its existence was recogni- 
 zed during more than a hundred years. The Spec- 
 tator put the question (No. 27) : " TV'hen was the 
 last negro slave publicly sold in Montreal," and 
 Hermes answers that "the last slave publicly sold 
 in Montreal was in 1T97. The deed was passed 
 by Mr. Gray and his partner, notaries. Manuel 
 was the name of the slave." This sale gaVe rise 
 to a lawsuit, the particulars of which, as w^ell as 
 of the deed of sale, are related in the essay on sla- 
 very in Canada, published by La Soricte Hiatoriquv 
 lie Montreal in 1859 ; l)ut I can find nothing 
 whatever to justify the assertion that it was a 
 
— 9 - 
 
 public sale. I should say that the notaries them- 
 selves, Mr. Gray and his colleague, may have been 
 ;>?//;/*>;, but that the sale certainly was not. 
 
 CATirOLTCV AM) PROTESTANTS IN THE 
 SAME CIlURfn. 
 
 There are at least two instances on record oi' 
 Catholics and Protestants having- worshipped in 
 the same church. The Protestants of Quebec were 
 allowed the frequent use of the Recollet Church 
 during several years previous to its destruction by 
 fire on the Gth Sept. 1790 ; and in Montreal the 
 same permission was granted them by the Rocol- 
 lets for some years, until the opening of the St. 
 Gabriel Street Church in 1792. 
 
 " Long before, however," says Hermes, " de Caen 
 rompcUcd Roman Catholics and Protestants to wor- 
 ship l()<refhcr in the same Church at Quebec— Re- 
 corded by Faillon, vol. I, p. 212, and cited by Le- 
 clercq, vol. I, pp. 332 and 341." The way in which 
 the authorities are given would lead many to sup- 
 pose that Faillon is first in point of time, and that 
 he is cited by Leclercq, who, however, really lived 
 two hundred years before him. Rut let that pass. 
 Faillon does iiuleed state the facts as TIermes gives 
 them, and (utes the same pages of Leclercq ; but 
 he is not borne out by his authority. Leclercq, 
 after saying that I)e Caen wished to compel the 
 French Catholics to attend the prayers of the Pro- 
 testants, adds "o« nen exen/fa rieny Therefore 
 
— 10 — 
 
 Catholics and Protestants did not then worship 
 in the same church. This occurs, at page 338 ; but 
 Faillon commits the trifling error of citing page 
 332. As this slight inaccuracy is also committed, 
 or copied, by Hermes, I consider it pretty strong 
 evidence that he quotes Loclercq only at second 
 hand. 
 
 ANXEX.VTION. 
 
 The history of the Rebellion Losses Bill, the riots 
 which attended" its passing, and the annexation 
 movement which took place in the same year, are 
 all well remembered facts. With reference to an- 
 nexation, here is what Hermes says : — " In 1849, 
 after the sanction of the Kebellion Losses Bill, 350 
 persons, mostly of some local importance, at a tur- 
 bulent meeting on the Champ de Mars, Montreal, 
 signed a manifesto, declaring that annexation to 
 the United States was the only remedy for the 
 political and commercial condition of the country." 
 
 It is quite true that a meeting was held on the 
 (vhamp de Mars, on the evening of April 25, 1849, 
 after the passing of the Rebellion Losses Bill, and 
 immediately before the burning of the Parliament 
 House ; but I believe that no mention was there 
 made of annexation, and certainly no manifesto 
 was signed. At this meeting, it was simply resol- 
 ved that a committee be appointed to draft a peti- 
 tion to the Queen praying for Lord Elgin's recall, 
 and this petition was read at a meeting held at 
 
— li- 
 the same place on the afternoon of the 27th. Short- 
 ly afterwards the British American League was 
 formed in Montreal and in some cities of Upper 
 Canada, with a view to changes in the Constitu- 
 tion and to consider the commercial state of the 
 country. Its first meeting was held at Kingston, 
 where, on the 31st July, it adopted an address to 
 the people of Canada, setting forth the three pro- 
 minent objects of the organization, as follows :— 1° 
 A Union of all the British American Provinces ; 
 2^ Ketrenchment and Economy in the public ex- 
 penditure ; 3° Protection for Home Industry. But 
 it was not till the early part of October that the 
 Manifesto of the Annexation Association of Mon- 
 treal, whi(!h had succeeded the League, was pu- 
 blished in the newspapers. This was the first 
 proposition of annexation in that vear, and was 
 made more than five months after the meeting on 
 the Champ de Mars. 
 
 SETTLEMENT t)F OTTAWA. 
 
 In any book which I have had an opportunity 
 of consulting for a solution of the question : "When 
 and by whom was Bytown (now Ottawa) settled ? 
 the one answ^er given is that " Bytown was found- 
 ed in 1827 by Col. John By." This is part of the 
 answer given by Hermes, who adds that Bytown 
 " was settled by those engaged in the 'Construction 
 of the Rideau Canal." There is no very apparent 
 reason for the date assigned, even supposing the 
 
-12 — 
 
 first settlomont to have boon made by Col. By. 
 He was sent out from England to superintend 
 the construction of the Rideau Canal, and on the 
 2l8t of Sept. 182(3 the excavation for the locks 
 was commenced. This is therefore the true date 
 of the actual beginning of the canal, although the 
 first stone of the locks was not laid till the IGth of 
 Aug. 1827, by Captain (afterwards SirJohn) Frank- 
 lin. 
 
 But the site of the present city of Ottawa was 
 not without an occupant when Col. By arrived, and 
 on this point I have received the following inter- 
 esting personal reminiscences from a gentleman 
 still resident at Ottawa : " In ISlY, Sergeant Berry 
 and his son-in-law Isaac Firth settled near where 
 the Chaudiere bridges no\v are. They kept a 
 tavern. The next settlers, near the foot of the pre- 
 sent timber-slide, were Ilollister and Captain Col- 
 lins, and then Bellows and Stacy who built the 
 iirst stone house. These persons were all establish- 
 ed and doing business before the survey of the 
 canal. — About the year 1818, a provincial land sur- 
 veyor, named John Burrows, owned the land, say 
 200 acres, on which the principal part of the city 
 of Ottawa now stands. Nicholas Sparks bought 
 from John Burrows about two years afterwards. 
 There was then built a log shanty, in which Mr. 
 Sparks lived for some years after he purchased the 
 property, and he was therefore the first settler in 
 that part of the city." 
 
— 13 — 
 
 ST. HELEN S ISLAND. 
 
 St. Helen's Island, opposite Montreal, was so 
 called by Champlain in honor of his wife, Helene 
 BouUe, whose name is commonly, but incorrectly 
 spelled Bouille. Hermes states that it was o-ranted 
 to Charles LeMoyne on the 3rd of Nov. 1G72. 
 
 A large grant of land was indeed made, on that 
 day, to Charles LeMoyne, father of the ilrst Baron 
 de Longueuil ; but it did not include, either St. 
 Helen's Island or the small one next to it called 
 He Ronde. They had both been granted to Le 
 Moyne eight years previously, on the 30th of May, 
 1664, by de Lauzon Charny. I refer Hermes to 
 Faillon, vol. Ill, p. 350 note, or to the title {litre) 
 erecting the Barony of Longueuil, from which title 
 an extract is given in Appendix A. 
 
 CHAMPLAIN AND ST. LAWRENCE RAILROAD. 
 
 The name of the first Railway Company in Ca- 
 nada was "The Company of Proprietors of the 
 Champlain and St. Lawrence Rail-road." The 
 petition for incorporation was presented Nov. 23, 
 1831, and, notwithstanding the counter-petition 
 of the inhabitants of various i^arts of the Counties 
 of Chambly and Laprairie, who were in favour of 
 a turnpike road, a charter was obtained on the 
 25th Feby. 1832,— not, as stated by Hermes, in 
 1831. The Railway was to extend from Laprairie 
 
— 14 — 
 
 to St. Johns, a distance of about sixteen miles, and 
 work was begun in 1835. The road was opened 
 for tralRc in Aug. 1836, and was at first run with 
 horses, but in 1837 locomotives were introduced 
 in their stead. 
 
 UEUT. COIi. WINFIELD SCOTT. 
 
 Lieut Col. (afterwards General) Winfield Scott 
 was taken prisoner at the battle of Queenston 
 Heights, Oct. 13th 1812, and sent, with several 
 others, to Quebec. During the ensuing winter he 
 returned to the United States, and soon afterwards 
 joined the army at Fort Niagara, as Lieutenant 
 General to General Dearborn who was in chief 
 command. By some it is said that he had been 
 released on parole, which he would therefore have 
 broken, while American writers assert that he had 
 been duly exchanged in January 1813. This is a 
 disputed point, and one which Hermes possibly 
 places among "debatable questions," though he 
 does not say so, but contents himself with men- 
 tioning that Scott was exchanged. It is, however, 
 beyond doubt that he was paroled. The circum- 
 stances will be found stated at considerable length 
 in the General Orders of Feb. 8, 1813. — See Appen- 
 dix B. 
 
— 15- 
 
 i miles, and 
 v^as opened 
 it run with 
 introduced 
 
 ifield 8cott 
 Queenston 
 til several 
 winter he 
 ifterwards 
 lieutenant 
 3 in chief 
 had been 
 3 fore have 
 lat he had 
 This is a 
 possibly 
 loug-h he 
 ith men- 
 however, 
 3 circuin- 
 le leng-th 
 3 Appen- 
 
 OLDEST INCORPORATED TOWN IN ONTARIO. 
 
 I am particularly curious to know what autho- 
 rity Hermes has for considering Toronto the oldest 
 incorporated town in Ontario. It was incorpora- 
 ted, as he says, in 1834, — but as a city, — and I am 
 not aware of its having ever been an incorporated 
 town. The town of Hamilton, incorporated in 1833, 
 was, I believe, the first in Ontario.— See Uj^ier Ca- 
 nada Statutes. 
 
 In a note to his answer, Hermes adds that 
 " Kingston was incorporated in 1838, and Niagara 
 in 1845." This may be intended as interesting 
 information, but it seems somewhat strangely 
 chosen ; for there where several incorporated towns 
 in Upper Canada, before either Kingston or Nia- 
 gara received its charter. — See Appendix C. 
 
 '* LA MAISON MONTCALM." 
 
 The qaaint little building, on the corner of St. 
 Louis and Garden streets, opposite the St. Louis 
 Hotel, is frequently spoken of as the oldest in 
 Quebec, and there are good reasons for ascribing 
 to it this superior antiquity, but they should at all 
 events be correctly stated. Hermes says that the 
 present owner " has in his possession a deed of its 
 transfer on Nov. 30th 16'74," and the obvious in- 
 ference is of course that the house was previously 
 
10 
 
 built. IJiit thi.s (loi'tl ol' Nov. -30, 1074, makes over 
 the laud ouly ou wliich the house uovv stauds, and 
 eoutaius a stipulatiou that it should he built upou 
 withiu a year IVom that date. Whether this eou- 
 ditiou was complied with, or uot, I have beeu uu- 
 able to aseertaiu. 
 
 ULDKST TOWN IN THE DOMINION. 
 
 
 Ilermes declares that the oldest town in the Do- 
 minion is " Port Jloyal, now Annapolis, Ibunded 
 1G05.— Ferlandvol. I, page (18, edition ol'lSOl," and 
 he might wish to strengthen his position by pro- 
 ducing a score of other authorities on Canadian 
 History who readily admit that " Quebec is, next 
 to Annapolis, the oldest town in Canada." 
 
 I questioned the truth of this assumption, and, 
 after some research, arrived at the conclusion that 
 Quebec, and not Annapolis, is the oldest town in 
 the Dominion. This was my answer to the t::>pec- 
 tator's question, and, although it was not accepted, 
 I still maintain its correctness, which I think is 
 easily proved. 
 
 Le Sieur de Monts, who had been appointed the 
 French King's Lieutenant General for Acadia, 
 came out in lt)04 with several followers, among 
 whom was Champlain, and about a hundred colo- 
 nists. After exploring a great part of the coast, he 
 settled at the mouth of the t^t. Croix river ; but 
 this place was fottlid to be badly chosen. Half of 
 
— 17 — 
 
 4, lujikos over 
 w staiuLs, and 
 1)0 built upon 
 her this coii- 
 ttve been un- 
 
 ^lON. 
 
 n ill the l)o- 
 olis, Ibunded 
 ol'lSOl/'and 
 ition by pro- 
 311 Canadian 
 lebee is, next 
 Ida." 
 
 raption, and, 
 lelusion that 
 iest town in 
 to the t^^pec- 
 lot accepted, 
 I think is 
 
 ipoijited the 
 
 for Acadia, 
 ers, among' 
 
 mdred colo- 
 le coast, he 
 river ; but 
 
 ■n. Half of 
 
 the colonists died from scurvy during the winter, 
 and in the following spring Ue Monts removed to 
 the shores of what is now called Annapolis Basin, 
 and there formed a settlement which was named 
 Port Royal. This was in 1005. A detailed narrative 
 of the whole expedition was written by Cham- 
 plain, who gives a carefully prepared map of Port 
 Koyal ; and Marc Lescarbot, a Parisian lawyer, 
 who arrived from France in the following year, 
 has left an interesting account, which is also ac- 
 comi>anied with maps. It is clearly shown on 
 these maps, as well as by the text itself, that Port 
 Koyal was on the north side of Annapolis 13asin, 
 nearly opposite Goat Island. It was abandoned in 
 1007, re-occupied in 1010, and destroyed by the 
 Virginians under Captain Argall in 1013. In 1020 
 it was re-settled by a number of Scotch colonists, 
 and after the treaty of St. Germain, restored to the 
 French, who almost immediately abandoned it ; 
 the fort was demolished ; and the seat of govern- 
 ment was removed for a time to La Il6ve, on the 
 Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, not far from the pre- 
 sent seaport of Lunenburg. I meet with no men- 
 tion of De Monts Port Royal subsequent to 1032. 
 
 Sometime between that year and 1045, a new 
 settlement, also called Port Royal, was formed by 
 d'Aulnay Charnisay, governor of Acadia, on the 
 aoHth side of Annapolis Basin, and a fort was built 
 there, of w^hich the ruins are still to be seen. — See 
 Moreau, Histoire de fAcadie, and Winthrop's Jour- 
 nal. It is this second Port Royal which was taken 
 
— 18 — 
 
 by Major fSt'(l<»vvi(k in I»l.")4, hy IMiips in 1«'»!M>, and 
 liiially l)y Nicholson on the 1>{th ()<t. 1710, when 
 tho name was clianged to Annapolis in honoiii ol' 
 Queen Anne. 
 
 ** Port lloyal, now Annapolis," was therefore not 
 founded in IflO;'), hut between in!52 and 1»)4'), and 
 cannot, consequently, ])e as old as Quebec, which 
 Champlain founded on the .'}rd of July 1<>()8. 
 
 TllK OLD KOirr AT ClIAMlJLV. 
 
 Alon*^ the Ilichelieu river, in lOl).")-!!, the Cari- 
 gnan Regiment, then just arrived from France, 
 constructed a number of wooden forts. One of 
 these, situated on the h^ft bank of the river, about 
 fifty miles from its mouth and fifteen miles east of 
 Montreal, was erected under the supervision of 
 Captain Jacques de Chambly, and was known as 
 Fort St. Louis. In 1701)-11, it was replaced })y the 
 present fortress, built chiefly of rubble masonry, 
 according to plans furnished by the Engineer in 
 Chief, M. Chaussegros de Lery. This stone fort 
 was named after the builder of the previous one 
 on the same site, and was also sometimes called 
 I'ort Pontchartrain from the name of the French 
 Minister of Marine and the Colonies when it was 
 completed. - . 
 
 Hermes is in error when he says that, " Fort 
 Chambly (or Fort Chartrain) was built in the year 
 16G5, and took its name from Captain Jacques de 
 Chambly who superintended the w'ork of the 
 
— ID- 
 
 )H in 1«5J>(), and 
 •t. 1710, when 
 i ill hoiioni oi' 
 
 s thon'fon' not 
 and 1«)4."), and 
 ^iioboo, whicli 
 ,ly 1»;()8. 
 
 liY. 
 
 !;')-«>, the Cari- 
 
 i'rom Franco, 
 
 Ibrts. One of 
 
 e rivof, about 
 
 . miles east ol' 
 
 iipervision of 
 
 as known as 
 
 blared ])y the 
 
 ble masonry, 
 
 Kng'ineer in 
 
 lis stone fort 
 
 previous one 
 
 itimes called 
 
 the French 
 
 when it was 
 
 that, "Fort 
 
 ill the year 
 
 Jacques de 
 
 ork of the 
 
 erection : " for, as already stated, the present fort, 
 to which the question refers, was not built in 
 ir>05, but in 1711 ; it was never called Fort Char- 
 train, but Fort Pontohartrain ; and Captain de 
 Chambly did not superintend the erection of this, 
 but of the previous fort. 
 
 The '• Old Fort at Chanildy," the only relic of 
 the kind in North America, has long been deserted 
 and uncared for, and is fast crumbling away. 
 
 KIRHT DISTILLERY. 
 
 It is claimed by Hermes that the first distillery 
 in Canada was erected by " the Hon. John Young 
 at Quebec, about the year 1788," and Bouchette's 
 Topoffroplii/ of Lower Caiinda (p. 422), is given as 
 authority. Now Bouchette places this distillery^ 
 not at Quebec but at Beauport : " on the bank of 
 the River Beauport, are the distillery and mills 
 erected about twenty five years ago by the Honor- 
 able John Young at a very great expense ; they 
 are seated on the western bank of the river, over 
 which there is a bridge leading past them ; the 
 former belongs at present to Mr. Racy, the latter 
 to Mr. McCallum." Bouchette's Topographij was 
 published in 1815. 
 
 Still the distillery at Beauport was not the first 
 at or near Quebec : there was one at Quebec several 
 years previously, and it is repeatedly mentioned 
 in the Journal of the Siege of 1775-G, kept by an 
 ofiicer of the garrison. — See Appendix D^ 
 
— 20 — 
 
 Tliis di.stillcry vva.si)rol)al)ly tlu' lir.st in Caiuula ; 
 but tho qui'slioii still remains, — AVlien was it 
 built y 
 
 HIE FlUST S(!1I(H)LMASTEK. 
 
 " When and when; was the first Day Sthool 
 oi>ened in Canada? "' — Hermes gives the Ibllowing- 
 answer : — " In 1(182, liev. Father Le Jeuneopeiu'd 
 the lirst Canadian School at Quebec. — Kt^lations 
 des .Tesuites, cited in Canadian Antiquarian, and 
 in Dr Miles' ►!^chool History ot Canada, p. r)l>, and 
 French Regime, p. OG." 
 
 In the Relations des Jisiiiles, it is stated that Fa- 
 ther Paul Le Jeune opened a school for boys at 
 Quebec, and that his scholars, from two in 1032, 
 had increased to twenty in the following year ; 
 and Dr Miles, at page 50 of his School History of 
 Canada, remarks that " this worthy ecclesiastic has 
 the honor of meriting the title of the earliest school- 
 master in Canada.'^ 
 
 I am sorry to have to deprive Father Le Jeune 
 of that houour ; ])ut the facts are clear. The Jesuits 
 arrived in Canada in 1025 : the llecollets had come 
 out with Champlain as early as 1015. Frerc Paci- 
 iiquo Duplessis, in 1010, had a school for the 
 Indians on the spot where Three Kivers was after- 
 wards founded, and about the same time Father 
 Joseph Le Caron opened a school at Tadousac. 
 Hence it may with good reason be said that the 
 
irst in C'aiiiula; 
 Whoii was it 
 
 Ell. 
 
 st Day S(}iool 
 .stho Ibllowiiio- 
 I Jouuoopoiiod 
 >eo. — delations | 
 tiquariaii, and J 
 
 ada, p. 59, and I 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 jtatod that Fa- 
 il for boys at 
 i two in 1032, 
 lowing- year ; 
 ool History ol' 
 oclosiastic has 
 eur/kst school- 
 
 her Le Jeune 
 The Jesuits 
 lets had come 
 Frcre Paci- 
 hool for the 
 ers was after- 
 time Father 
 at Tadousao. 
 :*aid that the 
 
 first teachers in Canada wore the liecollets, Frere 
 Diiplessis and Father Le Caron. — See Dr Meilleur's 
 Memorial de I'Ednvalioii, Montreal, 1800. 
 
 SKTTLEMENT OF LU'IIINE AND ORKJIN OK 
 THE NAME. 
 
 Among the questions put by the Spectator was 
 this one, — No. 74 : " AVhat is the date of the settle- 
 ment of Lachine, and from what did it derive its 
 name ? " 
 
 It is usually said that in 1()(J0 Dollier de Casson, 
 LaSalle and twenty other.'', started from here on 
 an exploring expedition, and that LaJ^alle and liis 
 men having soon returned, notwithstanding tlieir 
 })oast that they were going to find a passage to 
 China, the place was derisively called La Chine. 
 This origin of the name has been questioned, but 
 it is probably correct. 
 
 As to the date of the settlement, Hermes informs 
 us that " Lachine began to ])e settled al)0ut the year 
 1078, when LaSalle established a post there ; ])ut 
 the priests of the Seminary had amission there and 
 held religious services ten years earlier." 
 
 Now LaSalle, in 1078, was still in France, where 
 he had gone three years ])efore, and he did ]iot 
 return to Quebec till the l")lli Sept. He almost 
 immediately proceeded with a few followers to 
 Fort Frontenac, (now Kingston,) which had been 
 granted to him ])y the King, and he certainly can* 
 not have been at Lachine during 1 hat year at least. 
 
oo 
 
 The real facts are as follows : Sometime between 
 the autumn of 1667 and the autumn ot 1668, Cave- 
 lier de LaSalle, then just arrived from France, 
 received from the Sulpicians a gratuitous grant of 
 a large tract of land about nine miles from Ville- 
 raarie. The precise date of the grant has not been 
 ascertained. LaSalle appears to have at once com- 
 menced to clear the land, and before the end of the 
 year 1668 he had disposed of portions of it to other 
 settlers, and had begun the erection of buildings 
 for his settlement, which he named St. Sulpice. 
 The first settlement of Lachine, as this place was 
 subsequenty called, was therefore in 1667-8. — See 
 Faillon, Ilistoire de la Colonie FrnNfaise, vol. Ill, and 
 the notes which accompany Le Voyage de MM. Dol- 
 lieret Ga/inee, published by La Soricte Hintoriqne de 
 Montreal, in 1875. 
 
 SUNDAY tiCHOOLS. 
 
 "With reference to the first establishment of 
 Sunday Schools in Canada, the Spectator stated 
 that " on Sept. 6th 1703, the Quebec Gazette announ- 
 ced the opening of the Sunday Free School under 
 the patronage of H. R. H. the Duke of Kent ; but 
 the lessons taught were reading,writingand arith- 
 metic, and not of a religious character." There- 
 upon the following comment is made in the Appen- 
 dix to Mr. Miles' pamphlet : — " The school opened 
 by Prince Edward, at Quebec, on Sept. 4th 179)5, 
 can S( arcelv be stvled a Sundav School in the sense 
 
letime between 
 lot 1668, Cave- 
 from France, 
 uitoiis grant of 
 iles from Ville- 
 it has not been 
 e at once com- 
 ' the end of the 
 IS of it to other 
 II of buildings 
 d St. Sulpice. 
 his place was 
 a l667-8.~See 
 'e, vol. Ill, and 
 <^edeMM. Dol- 
 ■e Hiatorique de 
 
 blishment of 
 ctator stated 
 zetta announ- 
 School under 
 of Kent ; but 
 ng-and arith- 
 ter." There- 
 n the Appen- 
 
 hool opened 
 pt. 4th 1798, 
 
 in the sense 
 
 - L>3 - 
 
 in which the term is now employed. It was sim- 
 ply a //*ee school in which secular and rlementart/ 
 branches were taught on Sunda//s.'' 
 
 It is somewhat strange that the Spectator declined 
 to accept the clear statements of the Quebec Gazette, 
 with reference to Lord Dorchester's reception of 
 Prince Edward, yet unhesitatingly admits the 
 same paper as suHit-ient authority in the present 
 instance, when it is not even correctly cited. The 
 Quebec Gazette of the 5th Sept. 179:} does not say 
 that a school of any description had been opened : 
 it merely contains an advertisement announcing 
 that it was intended to open a Sunday Free School 
 on the (3th of October following. I have found ]io 
 subsequent record on the subject in the colums of 
 the Gazette. — See Appendix E. 
 
 ]3efore discussing the question whether this 
 school may be considered a Sunday School, accor- 
 ding to any particular meaning of that expression, 
 would it not ha proper to ascertain what proofs 
 there are that the school itself ever existed '{ 
 
 STK. ANNE, BOUT DK 1, IL1-: 
 
 St. Ann's is about twenty miles from Montreal, 
 and is a village of ix^'haps 10<»0 inhabitants. I'^rom 
 its being situated on the south west end of the 
 Island of Montreal, it is commonly called St. Ann's, 
 l»out-de-rile, to distinguish it from a dozen other 
 St. Ann's in the Province of (^neljC'. ]\Iost persons 
 
— 24 — 
 
 imagine that it is a place ofnoronseqiience, noted 
 at most as a summer resort for a few Montrealers, 
 or as being" mentioned in Tom Moore's Canadian 
 Boat Song, and there was some surprise when the 
 following appeared as the Spectator's 81st ques- 
 tion : — " Crive some remarkable events which 
 occurred at St. Anne's, Bout-de-l'Ile." 
 
 The only w'ell defined " event " whiih I could 
 discover is this : " In 1770 a party of about HOO 
 Americans under Arnold retired there, after being 
 defeated near Vaudreuil by Captain Forster, who 
 had only one-third the number of men and was 
 encumbered with prisoners taken at the Cedars. 
 Captain Forster proposed a cartel, which Arnold 
 readily assenting to, on May 27th an exchange was 
 efl'ected for 2 majors, 9 captains, 20 subalterns, and 
 443 soldiers." — Stnitli's Iliston/ of Canac/d, vol. II, p. 
 140. 
 
 But of what remarkable occurences does Hermes 
 consider St. Ann's the scene ?— IIjs answer i.s 
 stated in his pamphlet in the following words : — 
 " Thomas Moore wrote the Canadian Boat Song 
 there in 1804.— "Dr. Scaddinff, cS:;c."— Destruction 
 of the Fort, «S:c. — A massacre by the Indians, Life 
 of LeBer." 
 
 It is improbable that the answer was actually 
 sent in this shape, and I think it may not unjustly 
 be assumed that it was really the same as part of 
 the answer which is given })y the Spectator and 
 which I now quote : — 
 
 " Thomas Moore is supposed to have written his 
 well known Canadian Boat Son"- there in 1804." 
 
 ^ 
 
sefiueiico, noted 
 Bw Montrealers, 
 oore's Canadian 
 -prise when the 
 itor's 81st ques- 
 e vents which 
 
 which I could 
 y of about (500 
 're, after beinir 
 1 Forster, who 
 
 men and was 
 it the Cedars, 
 which Arnold 
 
 exchange was 
 
 ubal terns, and 
 fi(J((, vol. n, p. 
 
 s does Hermes 
 js answer is 
 ing words :— 
 n Boat 8ono- 
 —Destruction 
 Indians, Lif*. 
 
 was actually 
 
 not unjustly 
 
 lie as part of 
 
 j:>ectator and 
 
 3 written his 
 ' in 1804." 
 
 " It is said that from the old fort situated there 
 molten lead was poured upon the besiegers. The 
 fort was burnt by the Iroquois in 1(571, and ))y the 
 Americans in 1812." 
 
 " Daulac or Bollard de Casson's [Bollard des 
 Ormeaux is confounded with the Ilev. Dollier de 
 Casson] " light with the Indians took place near 
 there." 
 
 " Jeanne LeBer spent many years of self-imposed 
 penance in. a room in a tower which is still in 
 existence." 
 
 The remainder of the answer is the event rela- 
 ting to Arnold, which I have already mentioned. 
 
 Bid Tom Moore write the Canadian Boat Song 
 at St. Ann's ? — Hermes appears to give Br. Scad- 
 ding, author of " Toronto of Old," as his authority 
 lor answering in the affirmative ; but I submit that 
 Br. Scadding is no authority on this point. The 
 song is generally found with the heading, " "Writ- 
 ten on the Kiver St. Lawrence," and in the early 
 editions of Moore it is printed with a long expla- 
 natory note, part of which I subjoin : 
 
 " The above stanzas are su]iposed to l)e sung by 
 those voi/di^cNrs who go to the (}rand Portage by 
 the Uiawas River. 
 
 "I wrote these words to an air which our ))oat- 
 men sung to us very frequently. The wind was 
 so unfavourable that they wcn^ obliged to row all 
 the way, and we were live days in descending the 
 river from Kingston to IMontnvil, exposed to an 
 intense sun during the dav. and jit ni<>'hl forced to 
 
in — 
 
 take shelter from the dews in any miserable hut 
 upon the banks that would receive us. 
 
 " At the Rapid of St. Ann they are obliged to 
 take out part, if not the whole, of their lading. It 
 is from this spot the Canadians consider they take 
 their departure, as it possesses the last church on 
 the island, which is dedicated to the tutelar saint 
 of voyagers." — (This paragraph is from Mackenzie's 
 General Hislorij of the Fur Trade.) 
 
 Since Moore came down the St. Lawrence from 
 Kingston to Montreal, and does not mention 
 having gone out of his way to A*isit St. Ann's, 
 there seems to be no reason to suppose that the 
 Canadian Boat Song was written there. 
 
 The other events, supposed to have taken place 
 at St. Ann's, Bout-de-l'Ile, are not of a nature to 
 confer upon the spot very wide-spread celebrity, 
 even if any of them had really occurred there, and 
 not at another St. Ann's, to w^hich the question 
 does not refer. As to the case of Jeanne LeBer, it 
 is the opinion of the Spectator and, presumably, of 
 Hermes, that she " spent many years of self-imposed 
 " penance in a room in a tower which is still in 
 " existence ; " and that the tower is " still in exis- 
 tence," is apparently added as evidence in favour 
 of the truth of the story connected with it ; but it 
 is about as conclusive as the well-known argu- 
 ment of the author of " The Innocents Abroad " : 
 " Such is the legend of the Seven Sleepers, and I 
 know it is true because I have seen the cave 
 myself." 
 
— 27 — 
 
 miserable hut 
 
 lis. 
 
 ire oblig-ed to 
 eir lading. It 
 ider they take 
 1st church on 
 ; tutelar saint 
 n Mackenzie's 
 
 ivvrence from 
 not mention 
 jit St. Ann's, 
 pose that the 
 re. 
 
 ! taken place 
 
 a nature to 
 
 ad celebrity, 
 
 ?d there, and 
 
 he question 
 
 ne LeBer, it 
 
 sumably, of 
 
 elf-imposed 
 
 is still in 
 
 till in exis- 
 
 e in favour 
 
 h it ; but it 
 
 lown arg-u- 
 
 Abroad " : 
 
 pers, and I 
 
 1 the cave 
 
 Jeanne LeBer, the daughter of the richest mer- 
 chant of Montreal, was born in 16()2. She com- 
 l)leted her education at the Ursulines Convent in 
 Quebec about 1(577, and then remained in her 
 father's house, completely isolated from the outer 
 world, till 1095. In that year she retired to the 
 Convent of the Congregation nuns, and there, in a 
 small room specially ])uilt for her at the back of 
 the Chapel, ])assed the remaining nineteen years 
 of her life in complete seclusion. The " many 
 years of self-imposed penance '' were therefore 
 spent in Montreal, and not at vSt. Ann's where pro- 
 bably Mile. LeBer never went. The Chapel was 
 destroyed by lire in 1708, and the present Church 
 of Notre-Dame de Pitie is the second which has 
 since been erected on the same spot. — Vie de Mile. 
 LeBer, Montreal, 1800. 
 
 PROVINCIAL TROOPS WHICH TOOK PART IN THE 
 CONQUEST OF CANADA. 
 
 Hermes does not furnish a very clear enumera- 
 tion of the '• Provincial " troops which took part 
 in the conquest of Canada ; and his list of the bat- 
 tles in which they were engaged is neither com- 
 plete, nor altogether correct, nor even quite in 
 harmony with his enumeration of the forces. For 
 instance, I find that he does not name the troops 
 that took part in the capture of Fort Duquesne, 
 though that is given by him as one of the battles ; 
 and PepperelPs York Kegiment, from Maine, could 
 
y 
 
 1 ' I 
 
 - 28 - 
 
 soareely have taken part in any of the battles 
 named, as it was (li8])anded in 1*748. 
 
 It may be noted that the battle of Carillon was 
 fought on the 8th of July, and not on the 5th as 
 stated by Hermes and others. 
 
 No Provincial troops, except a few Rangers, 
 were present at the battle of the Plains of Abraham 
 or of St. Foy. 
 
 The following lists of troops and of battles have 
 been compiled from the New- York Colonial Docu- 
 ments and other authentic sources. The second 
 list still leaves a good deal to be desired ; but 
 some one else may be al)le to supply the missing 
 names and form a perfect record. 
 
 Bati/es. 
 
 Monongahela July 0, 1*755 
 
 Lake George Sept. 8, " 
 
 Oswego Aug. 11, 1756. 
 
 Sabbath Day Point July 26, 1*757. 
 
 Fort Creorge Aug. 9, " 
 
 Fall of Louisbourg June 26, 1758. 
 
 Carillon July 8, " 
 
 Fort Frontenac Aug. 25, " 
 
 Fort Duquesne Nov. 24, " 
 
 Ticonderoga July 22, 1759. 
 
 Fort Niagara " 24, " 
 
 Beauport Flats " 31, " 
 
 Plains of Abraham Sept. 13, " 
 
 St. Foy Apr. 28, 1760. 
 
 Surrender of Montreal Sept. 8, " 
 
 Provincial Troops. 
 
 The Provincial regiments were usiially named 
 after their commanding officers, and those which 
 
of the battles 
 
 >f Carillon was 
 t on the 5th as 
 
 ft'w Kanrrers, 1 
 
 
 lis of Abraham 1 
 
 Maine : — 
 
 I 
 
 Massachusetts : 
 
 )f battles have 1 
 
 
 Colonial Docu- 1 
 
 
 The second 1 
 
 
 desired; but 1 
 
 
 ^ the missing- 1 
 
 
 r 
 
 1*755 
 
 t. 8 
 
 u 
 
 Ml, 
 
 1756. 
 
 ^26, 
 
 1757. 
 
 • 9, 
 
 (( 
 
 i26. 
 
 1758. 
 
 8, 
 
 (( 
 
 25, 
 
 K 
 
 24, 
 
 (( 
 
 22, 
 
 1759. 
 
 24, 
 
 (( 
 
 31, 
 
 (i 
 
 13, 
 
 li 
 
 28,. 
 
 1760. 
 
 8, 
 
 11 
 
 illy named 
 
 lose 
 
 which 
 
 took part in the battles on the foregoino- \ist were 
 as follows : 
 
 Connecticut :— 1st, or Lyman's. 
 
 2nd, or Whitney's. 
 Fitch's. 
 "VVorster's, 
 Waldo's. 
 1st, or Kug-j^les'. 
 2nd, or Tit(-omb's. 
 3rd, or William's. 
 Bagley's. 
 Tartridne's. 
 Preble's. 
 Whitcoml)'s. 
 Wi Hard's. 
 Blanchard's. 
 Gotl'e's. 
 Johnston's. 
 Parker's. 
 Hchuyler's. 
 IJe Lancey's. 
 Douty's. 
 3rd, or Woodhull's. 
 Johnson's. 
 Babcock's. 
 Harris'. 
 There were also several corps of Hangers, and, 
 at Fort Duquesne, troops from Carolina, Maryland, 
 Pennsylvania, and Virginia. 
 
 LIEUTENANT GOVEKNOIi.s OF UUEBEC. 
 
 Fifteen questions on diflicult points of Canadian 
 history appeared in the Qia'bec Mumin^ Chromc/e 
 in June 1870, and two prizes were ofl'ered by Count 
 
 New Hampshire : — 
 New Jersey : — 
 
 New York :— 
 Khode Island : — 
 
-30 — 
 
 I I I 
 
 de Prpmio Roal for tho p^reatest numbor of correct 
 answers. 
 
 The prizes were awarded to Dr. N. E. Dioiuie, of 
 Quel)Cc,who, allhoufth he has thrown no new lij^ht 
 on the subjects of the questions, has since publish- 
 ed a pamphlet containini^ the result of his re- 
 searches, including his answer to this question : 
 " (Jive the names of all the Lieutenant Governors 
 of Quebec and Claspe, from 17G2 to 1888." lie 
 
 gives the following list of Lieutenant Governors 
 of Quebec : 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton 1700 to 1768 
 
 Frederick Haldimand 1778 178.-) 
 
 Henry Hamilton 1785 178(5 
 
 Henrv Hope 178(5 1786 
 
 Sir Alured Clarke 17!» I 1793 
 
 Sir Kobert Shore Milnes 1709 180;') 
 
 Sir Francis Nathaniel Burton... 1824 1825 
 
 This answer is incorrect, inasmuch as it gives 
 the name of Frederick Haldimand, who was not 
 Lieutenant Governor but Governor in Chief, and 
 incomplete, because it makes no mention of Cra- 
 mahe and Rol)ert Prescott, who were Lieutenant 
 Governors. Besides, the dates given by Mr. Dionne 
 indicate the period during which these persons 
 administered the government, in the absence of 
 the Governor General, and do not indicate the pe- 
 riod during which they held the position of Lieu- 
 tenant Governors. The Lieutenant-Governorship 
 was perfectly distinct from the office of an admi- 
 nistrator, and the two should not be confounded. 
 ' Guy Carleton 's commission as Lieutenant Go- 
 vernor is dated April 7, 1766, and he would appear 
 
 ',-t 
 
n))or of correct 
 
 I. E. Dion no, of 
 11 no new light 
 i Jsiiicepuhlifsh- 
 >ult of his re- 
 thifs question : 
 ant Governors 
 to 1838." He 
 ant Governors 
 
 70(> to 1768 
 77H 178") 
 78;') 178«; 
 78(5 n8(; 
 V.n 1793 
 
 roo 180-) 
 
 ^24 182o 
 ;h as it gives 
 who was not 
 in Chief, and 
 ntioii of Cra- 
 Lieutenant 
 Mr. Dionne 
 hese persons 
 ; absence of 
 cate the pe- 
 ion of Lieu- 
 overnorship 
 of an admi- 
 onfounded. 
 atenant Go- 
 ould appear 
 
 y 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
 — al- 
 io have held the olfice till Oct. 2(1, 17»!8, when he 
 was sworn in as " Captain General and Comman- 
 der in Chief of the Province of Que])ec." 
 
 The next Lieutenant (lovernor, of whom 1 lind 
 any record, is Cramahe and not Haldimand. "On 
 Thursday last, the 17th instant, the members of the 
 Hon. the Legislative Council for this Province met 
 at the Castle of St. Louis in this City, in confor- 
 mity to the summons issued by His Excellency 
 the tiovernor for that purpose, when the King's 
 commission constituting and appointing the Hon. 
 Hector Theophilus Cramahe, Esq., Ijieutenant 
 Governor of this Province, was read," etc. — Quebec 
 Gazette, Aug. 24, 177'). 
 
 Cramahe, having been transferred to the lieu- 
 tenant-governorship of Detroit,, was succeeded, 
 between 1780 and 1784, by Henry Hamilton, who 
 in turn was replaced by Henry Hope in 1785. 
 
 Hope died on the 13th April 1789, and was fol- 
 lowed by Lieutenant Governors Alured Clarke 
 (1790 to l79o), Robert Prescott (1790 to 1799), and 
 Robert Shore Milnes (1800 to 1807). 
 
 The last of these Lieutenant Governors of Que- 
 bec was Francis Nathaniel Burton, who was a])- 
 pointedNov. 29, 1808, and held the sinecure till his 
 death at Bath, in England, on the 27th Jan. 1832. 
 
 In connection with this subject of Lieutenant 
 Governors, it has occurred to me that a list of the 
 French and English Governors of Canada may 
 prove acceptable, and in the appendix to these 
 notes will be found one which I had compiled for 
 
J I ' 
 
 I I 
 
 !■: 
 
 my own use. I havt; ciidca voted to nuik*' ii more 
 (l('tiiil«'(l iiiul jutunit*' tliaii any wliich 1 have yet 
 sciMi, and thii dales ore in «'voiy instance derived 
 from trustwonliy sources, such as the Jiflaiiotis 
 and Jon rual. oi the Jesuils, the Nar York Colonitil 
 DonnncH/s, the Qinhcc (inzcllc and MtrcKrij, and tliu 
 OlIHul dazelle. 
 
 In the list ol" iM-ench Clovernors Hu're are several 
 dates wanting ; but it is nevi'rth(dess puldished 
 without these, in the hoi)e that other IViends ol' 
 Canadian History may ])e able to complete it. 
 
 With relerenct^ to the I'hit^lish (iovernors, it 
 should be noted that althoug'h Amherst is usually 
 placed lirst on the list, it is well known that ai'ter 
 the capitulation oi' Montreal he divided the pro- 
 vince into three governments or districts, to each 
 ol' which he appointed a (rovernor, and that he 
 himsel.*' very shortly alterwards left the country 
 and did not return. The (iovernors of these thre(> 
 districts, during what is commonly called the 
 period of military rule, from Sep. 8, 1700, to Aug. 
 10. 1104, were as follows : — 
 
 District of Quebec, 
 
 Clen. James Murray... Sep. 1700 to Aug. 1704. 
 District of Three Ivivers, 
 
 Col. lialph Ihirton Sep. 1700 to May 1702. 
 
 Col. Fred.Haldimand.May 1702 to Mar. 1708. 
 
 Col. Kalph Burton Mar. 1708 to Oct. 1708. 
 
 Col. Fred. Ilaldimand.Oct. 1708 to Aug. 1704. 
 District of Montreal, 
 
 Gen. Thomas Gage Sep. 1700 to Oct. 1708. 
 
 Col. Kalph Burton Oct. 1708 to Aug. 1704. 
 
 
) make it ni<)r»> 
 licli 1 liavo yt't 
 stiiiu'O derived 
 s (lie JMiitiot/s 
 w York Colonial 
 h'trun/, and (lie 
 
 lu'ie are several 
 
 lesN imhlished 
 
 ther Irieiids ol' 
 
 )inplete it. 
 
 Governors, it 
 
 lerst is usually 
 
 own that after 
 
 vided the pro- 
 
 striets, to each 
 
 r, and that he 
 
 't the country 
 
 ot'theso thret^ 
 
 ly called the 
 
 1700, to Any. 
 
 Aug". 1704. 
 
 ^lay 1702. 
 \rar. 1708. 
 
 )et. 170:5. 
 
 ug. 1704. 
 
 l)ct. 1708. 
 A\g. 1704. 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 Kxtriiit from title {litre] erecting tlu- narony of Loiigiii'iiil, tinted at 
 Villi- Miirif lOlh July ltJ7«. 
 
 " Est eomparupardevant nous," Duihesneau, th(^ 
 Inteiulant "Charles Lomoyne, Eeuyer, sieur de 
 Longueuil, lequel nous a remontre qu'il est en 
 possession d'une terre en lief et seigneurie appellee 
 I^ngueuil, sietuee en la cote |du sud sur le bord 
 du grand lleuve St. Laurent, vis-a-vis de cette ville 
 de Ville-Marie, contenant deux lieues ou environ 
 do terre de front, tenant d'un coste uux terres du 
 Sr. de Varennes, et d'autre a celles de la seigneurie 
 de la Prairie de la Magdelaine, laquelle lui a este 
 donnee et concedee avec I'lsle appellee Ste. llelc- 
 ne, et I'islet rond et autres isles, islets et hastures 
 adjacentes de la dite seigneurie, sfavoir : par le 
 Sr. de Lauzon de laCitiere, le nombre de cinquante 
 arpens de terre de front sur cent de profondeur, en 
 lief et seigneurie, avee tons droits de haute, moy- 
 enne et basse justice, a la charge de la foy et hom- 
 mage,... par titre en date du vingt-quatrieme sep- 
 tembre mil-six-cent-cinquante-sept ; par le sieur 
 de Lauzon Charny, les dites isles de Ste. llelene 
 et islet rond, par billet de luy signe, en date du 
 trentieme may mil-six-eent-soixante-et-quatre, aux 
 iharges qu'il plairoit au sieur de Lauzon y appo- 
 ser, ensuite de quoy le dit sieur de Lauzon comme 
 tuteur, et ayant la garde noble des enfans mineurs 
 de feu sieur de Lauzon, grand seuechal de ce pays, 
 
- 34 — 
 
 aiiquel appartonoit la soigneuiie de la Citier", 
 auroit doiiiie et coin't-de au dit sieur Lomoyne les 
 dites isles de 8te. llelcne et islet roiid, pour par 
 luy en jouir en fief,.,, par titre datte a Paris le 
 vingtieme mars mil-six-cent-soixante-et-cinq, signe 
 de Laiizon, et toiitresijirnt' .Teanville." 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 1/ 
 
 (JENERAL ORDEKS. 
 
 » . - 
 
 Adjutant G-p:nekal's Office, 
 Quebec, 8tii February 1813. 
 
 Ills Excellency Lieut. General Sir George 
 Prevost, Bart. Governor in Chief and Commander 
 of the Forces in British North America, having 
 seen in the Boston Gazette of the 28th January 
 last, a publication purporting to be a copy of a 
 General Order issued by the American Govern- 
 ment, in the following terms, namely : 
 
 " Adjutant General's Office," 
 
 " Washington City, 18th Jan. 1813." 
 
 " General Orders." 
 
 " The following Olficers of the Army and Mili- 
 tia of the United States, made prisoners of War at 
 Detroit, Queenston and elsewhere, have been duly 
 exchanged for the Officers, non-commissioned Offi- 
 cers, Drummers and Privates, taken on board his 
 
de la Citior", 
 ir Lomoyne les 
 rond, pour par 
 atte a Paris le 
 e-et-einq, signe 
 
 ixiuii Office, 
 February 1813. 
 
 .\L Sir George 
 nd Commander 
 merica, having 
 28th January 
 36 a copy of a 
 erican Govern- 
 
 y : 
 
 oral's Office," 
 th Jan. 1813." 
 
 my and Mili- 
 iiers of War at 
 aye been duly 
 nissioned Offi- 
 
 on board his 
 
 • — 35 — 
 
 Britannic Majesty's Transport Samuel and Sarah, 
 on the 11th day of July 1812, viz. Brigadier Gene- 
 ral William Hull, Colonel Duncan Mc Arthur, James 
 Fundly, and Lewis Cass ; Lieutenant Colonels 
 James Miller, John R. Fen wick, Winfield Scott, 
 and John Christie ; Major James Taylor ; Captain 
 Nathan Ileald, John Whistler, Henry B. Brevoort, 
 Josiah Snelling, Robert Lucas, Abraham F. Hull, 
 Peter Ogilvie, William King, Joel Cook, and Re- 
 turn B. Brown ; First Lieutenant Charles Larrabe ; 
 Second Lieutenants James Dalliba and Daniel 
 Hugunin : And each and all of the aforesaid offi- 
 cers are hereby declared exchanged, and as free to 
 act against the united Kingdom of Great Britain 
 and Ireland, and the dependencies thereof, as if 
 they had never been captured." 
 
 " By order of the Secretary of War." 
 
 "T. n. Cushing. Adjutant Genl." 
 
 His Excellency considers himself called upon in 
 the most public manner, to protest against the 
 pretended release of the above named Officers from 
 their Parole of Honor, given under their hands while 
 Prisoners of War. His Excellency having expressly 
 refused to accede to the exchange of the officers 
 above named, as proposed to him by Major Gene- 
 ral Dearborn in his Letter of the 2Gth Dec. and 2d. 
 Jan. last under the authority of the American 
 Government, upon the identical terms contained 
 in the Order of the 18th of January before referred 
 to. His Excellency feels himself compelled hereby 
 to declare, that he still considers those officers as 
 
3fi — 
 
 i ! i 
 
 /'- 
 
 Prisoners of War, on their I'arole, and (hat should 
 the late of war again place any of them at the dis- 
 posal of the British Government, before a regular 
 and ratified Exchange of them takes place, they 
 will be deemed to have broken their Parole, and 
 to be thereby subject 11 the consequences sanc- 
 
 tioned by the establi 
 cases. 
 
 d usage of "War in the like 
 
 The detachment of the 1st Kegiment, or Royal 
 Scots captured by the IT. S. frigate the Essex, on 
 board the Samuel and Sarah Transjiort, who are 
 stated in the said Order of the 18th of January to 
 have been duly exchanged for the officers of the 
 American Army therein mentioned, had been pre- 
 viously, as far back as the month of September 
 last, regularly exchanged for the Crew of the U. S. 
 Sloop Nautilus, and a sufficient number of other 
 Seamen belonging to the U. S. Navy, as appears 
 by an official communication to His Excellency of 
 the 7th of September last, from His Excellency 
 I^ieut. Genl. Sir .T. C. Sherbrooke, K. B., command- 
 ing the forces in Nova Scotia, confirmed by a Let- 
 ter from Mr. Mitchell, the American Agent of Pri- 
 soners at Halifax, to the Honble James Monroe, 
 American Secretary of State, dated the 23rd of 
 November last, transmitted to His Excellency by 
 Major Genl. Dearborn, in his Letter of the 2d of 
 January last. The release of the said detachment 
 l)y such Exchange, was published in General Or- 
 ders on the 29th September last, at Montreal, and 
 also commvinicated to Major Genl. Dearborn, in 
 His Excellency's Letter of the 11th of January 
 
and Ihat should 
 thorn at the dis- 
 >eibre a regular 
 ikes place, they 
 eir I'arole, and 
 sequences sane- 
 War in the like 
 
 ment, or Koyal 
 the Essex, on 
 sport, who are 
 of January to 
 officers of the 
 had been pre- 
 of »September 
 3w of the U. S. 
 mber of other 
 y, as ajDpears 
 Excellency of 
 is Excellency 
 B., command- 
 ned by a Let- 
 Agent of Pri- 
 mes Monroe, 
 the 23rd of 
 Excellency by 
 of the 2d of 
 I detachment 
 I General Or- 
 lontreal, and 
 Dearborn, in 
 of January 
 
 — Ti - 
 
 last, as the ground of his refusal to accede to the 
 before mentioned proposal of that Officer. 
 
 Adwd. Baynks, 
 Adj. aenl. North America. 
 
 APPEiNDIX C. 
 
 Incorporatid Town.s in Ontario down to 1S4.-. 
 
 Hamilton, 3 Wm. IV, ch. 17 Feb. 13, 1833 
 
 Toronto, (Citv^ 4 Wm T\r « oo 
 
 Belleville, 
 
 Cornwall, 
 
 Port Hope, 
 
 Prescott, 
 
 Cobourg, 
 
 Picton, 
 
 Kingston, 
 
 London, 
 
 Niagara, 
 
 St. Catherines, 8 
 
 4 Wm. TV, " 23 
 
 Mar. 
 
 18.84 
 
 «« " 24 
 
 11 
 
 (1 
 
 '• " 25 
 
 a 
 
 (( 
 
 ■ " " 20 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 " " 27 
 
 i( 
 
 (( 
 
 7 Wm. IV, ch. 42 
 
 Mar. 4, 
 
 1837. 
 
 " 44 
 
 (( 
 
 u 
 
 1 Victoria, " 27 
 
 Mar. 0, 
 
 1838, 
 
 3 " " .81 
 
 Feb. 10, 
 
 1840. 
 
 8 " " 02 
 
 Mar. 29, 
 
 184o. 
 
 8 " " 03 
 
 n 
 
 (( 
 
 APPENDI.X D. 
 
 
 
 Kxtract^from a " .r.):irnal of the most romarkablo o'crronccN in (^u- 
 hvc, from the 14tli of NovemlnT 1775, („ ,h,. 7th „f M^.y 177(;. 
 l'>y an Officer of the (rarrison." 
 
 Jany 22, 177r,.-Wind N. E. drifty, cloudy,, not 
 cold. A})out two this morning some hous.'.s in St. 
 
— 38 — 
 
 Hoc were set on fire. A quantity of rum and 
 molasses has lain in Mr. IJrummond's distillery 
 until now ; part of it was got in to-day — the fire 
 may spread that way. 
 
 Jany 24. — Mild fine weather, wind S. W. Firing 
 at the guard-he use in St. Hoc. Rum and molasses 
 brought into town. 
 
 March 1. — Cold N. AY. wind. The voluntary 
 picquet very strong last night. Some people seen 
 on the other side St. Charles river, opposite to Mr. 
 Drummond's distillery ; we fired the 24 pounder 
 behind the Hotel Dieu at them. About seven 
 o'clock in the evening, a house under that gun 
 was perceived to be on fire in the roof ; it burnt 
 in a short time to the ground ; some think that the 
 wadding fell on the roof ; others imagine the re- 
 bels may have set it on fire, in hopes that the flames 
 would spread to the distillery, from thence to the 
 picquets above, and so to Montcalm's house, from 
 thence the conflagration would become general." 
 
 APPENDIX K. 
 
 From the QiiebL-c (i.izette of Thursday, .jili Se;)t. 1798. 
 
 From an ardent desire of promoting the happi- 
 ness and prosperity of his Majesty's faithful sub- 
 jects of this Province, and from the experience of 
 the many and great advantages that have been 
 received from the Sunday Schools in England, un- 
 
' of rum and 
 lid's distillery 
 )-day — the fire 
 
 d S. W. Firing 
 and molasses 
 
 'he voluntary 
 ne people seen 
 pposite to Mr. 
 le 24 pounder 
 
 About seven 
 ider that gun 
 roof; it burnt 
 think that the 
 lagiiie the re- 
 chat the flames 
 
 thence to the 
 's house, from 
 me general." 
 
 — 30 — 
 
 der the patronage of the Nobility and Royal Fa- 
 mily ; his Royal Highness Trince Edward has 
 been pleased strongly to recommend to the Sub- 
 scriber to open a Sunday Free School for the benefit 
 of all those of every description, who are desirous 
 of acquiring the necessary and useful Branches of 
 Education, and will conform to the Rules and Re- 
 gulations that will be made for that purpose. 
 
 The said Free School will therefore be opened 
 the first Sunday in the next month, under the 
 Patronage and Directions of his Royal Highness, 
 from the hours of ten to throe during the "Winter 
 season. And the Public may depend on every 
 exertion on the part of the Subscriber, in order to 
 meet in every respect his Royal Highnesses bene- 
 volent intentions. 
 
 The Subscriber requests those who wish to at- 
 tend to give him their names as soon as possible. 
 He may be seen every day from nine to twelve, 
 and from two to five at the Academy in the Bis- 
 hop's Palace, where young people of both sexes 
 will be taught in separate apartments all the 
 various Branches of Literature, on terms most sui- 
 table to their circumstances. 
 
 Sept. 1793. 
 
 ig the happi- 
 faithful sub- 
 ?xperience of 
 t have been 
 i^ngland, un- 
 
 Jas. Tanavf.tj. 
 
 Quebec, 5th Sept. 17! "B. 
 
— 40 — 
 
 ! \ 
 
 z 
 
 ri 
 
 ■J 
 
 w 
 
 > 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 w 
 
 s: ic -i X — -c t- X — r: >■: ?i ri "J .:?• 
 ** 55 f? ^ '~ '- '"^ '5 -^ « ;£ t^ X X -x 
 
 O iC — S5 CI 
 ■M 'rt r- ,— — 
 
 M C C 
 
 f ^ I 
 
 be 
 
 ;=* >^ *!l C 
 
 '% '^ < ■^ "<< 
 
 ri 
 
 M 
 
 r? 
 
 !2 
 
 5S 
 
 2? 
 
 »C 
 
 "^ 
 
 I- 
 
 i? 
 
 - 
 
 rS 
 
 '.2 
 
 5-1 
 1- 
 
 ri 
 
 5 
 
 ;s 
 
 
 
 'O 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 2 
 
 
 •* 
 
 
 «c 
 
— 41 — 
 
 •- :a li •' •M IT — :i 
 
 5 ^ 2 J3 -5 X g I Z S g 'JT -^, ^ ;^, i^- ^ .J r, .^ c 
 
 
 ! ~ -J ;C ?i 
 
 5 « « » -o 
 
 
 »- a a, d. « i;- 
 
 -^ 'i^ '^ 'i a ^ 
 
 I i S g S S 
 
 I - ^ s s s 
 
 i> l< 
 
 ^ ^ <1 s ^ 
 
 -3 
 
 "a 
 
 :2. i^ 
 
 0) S 
 
 s 
 
 •4) 
 
 
 « 2 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 -a 
 
 c 
 2 W 
 
 3 
 
 £f "^ r^ 
 
 3 >-i i^ 
 
 ■^ aj i^ 
 
 M .'^ '^ 
 
 
 5 '1; rt 
 9 i. '-T 
 
 3 
 
 ?■ 
 
 _ c '^ 
 c 5 < 
 
 
 -r rt X tr c" 
 
 ■M " ?1 ^ ~ 
 
 >^ X ?^ X C 
 
 I sh >. >. 
 
 71 
 
 ->• S ^ 3 'ij -f 'T :r I, cr. -I -1 
 
 ^ s s .^ .^ ,-: ,t.' -J rr n: ;e i: 
 
 M s; ic 
 
 I '^ 
 
 Ji 
 
 i^. 
 
 f 
 
 rs 
 
 
 cv 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 ?C 
 
 oc 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «-H 
 
 
 t-H 
 
 
 1— < 
 
 '■^ 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 - 
 
 >, 
 
 
 b 
 
 
 tn 
 
 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 a 
 
 i, -• sic >. >. 
 
 01 
 
 c 
 
 i-s i-s 
 
 '■C I— ;- 
 
 ■M "* -fi 
 
 I- I- I, 
 
 I-H 1-H »— I 
 
 I- 
 
 i i J I « 
 
 ■^ '-s !S I >3 
 
 I- 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 ♦J 
 
 5 
 o 
 
 0) 
 r3 
 
 
 4 ^< 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 « 
 
 rs 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 ^ 
 
 tc 
 
 
 "V* 
 
 »5 
 
 14 
 
 c 
 
 
 0) 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 9 
 
 a 
 
 
 I— I p— I ~( - 01 
 
 0> 
 
 c 
 A« • — ' 
 
 , . 4) 
 
 01 
 
 .a 
 « a 
 
 0> 
 
 0> 
 
 .2 
 
 3 
 
 '^..■£11'^ 
 
 
 4> 
 
 -? £ 
 
 -3 
 
 e 
 o 
 
 -^ -3 
 C 3 
 
 fc. O) 
 
 s 
 
 V 
 
 ■3 
 
 0> 
 
 
 3 I 
 
 
 ^ s ^ P' ^ t 
 
 ^ s ^ 
 <^- .-r r^ 
 
 
 
 
 «i 
 
 -c^S-e-i3~7:i; 
 
 
 1 
 
 )— 1 
 
 h-4 
 
 ^ 
 
 rt 
 
 '>^ 
 
 1—4 
 
 < 
 
 ■jT 
 
 ,< 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 ^-4 
 
 >^ 
 
 
 a 
 
 tf 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 05 
 --< 
 
 
 !3 
 
 < 
 
 1 
 
 
 < 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 -r* 
 
 > 
 
 ^ 
 
 X 
 
 
 'r-" 
 
 ■3' a « 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s o 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 O 
 
 21 
 
 e 
 1 
 
 •f. 
 
 
 B 
 
 E 
 
 ^ o 
 
 .5 o 
 
 
 c 
 
 'u 
 
 o 
 c 
 
 t- >-/ w 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 
 1 *« » 
 
 g 3 •- 
 
 X 3 _ 
 "fcc a, c 
 
 a) J3 o 
 
 ,^ S 2? *-■ — -5 
 
 5: ■N 
 
 4i 1) 
 -3 J2 
 
 a. 
 
 
 5J 
 
 
 "3 ~ o 
 
 a 3 
 -3 u, 
 
 — 1< 
 3 " 
 
 1> — 
 
 >, 
 
— J2 
 
 1,1 
 
 i /■ 
 
 O 
 
 z 
 
 > 
 o 
 o 
 
 X 
 
 t-i 
 
 o 
 w 
 
 CIS 
 
 
 2 
 ■£.£ 
 
 c c 
 
 .St3 
 
 E = 
 
 c i a 
 5 c . 
 S S-j C 
 
 a^ >* u c 
 p" -• -w 5 
 
 . 4* C X 
 
 I! 
 
 n J3 — 
 
 - - - £• 
 
 >£ C 
 
 EJi 
 5 ri 
 
 *:: 
 
 •? 1^ 
 I- IS 
 
 T ~ ^ 
 
 .•r -K '* 
 
 ill 
 
 35 c 
 
 «c 
 
 CO 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 -r 
 
 ■^ 
 
 >c 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 ec 
 
 ,^ 
 
 Ci 
 
 l~ 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 w 
 
 CO 
 
 eo 
 
 I- 
 
 1- 
 
 O) 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 OS 
 
 Cs 
 
 C5 
 
 Ci 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 1- 
 
 1^ 
 
 1- 
 
 1-H 
 
 1— ( 
 
 I- 
 
 1-H 
 
 1- 
 
 t-H 
 
 1- 
 
 »-H 
 
 1- 
 
 I- 
 
 »-4 
 
 f— ( 
 
 
 1-H ■ 
 
 QC M IC CO O l^ 1— 1 
 '>^ C^ <M IM 1-1 i-H 
 
 a " i* 3 I' .° 
 
 a ^ S ^ L- 
 
 :Z C ^^ C J^ >^ 
 
 ■J rn t CO C O eC 
 
 5-1 i-H c-1 (M ec ec CI 
 
 o -r rr B« -1 -^ 5 
 
 c^ 
 
 i-s i-s O 
 
 o^<ocoaoooo'*<iccoi-ih-t^05iij 
 
 C0C0COC0«Sl''l>-00C0a0C5CsC50SO 
 I- I- 1^ 1^ 1^ 1^ I- I^ I'. I^ I- t^ 1^ I- 00 
 
 00 o 
 
 o 
 
 *! 
 
 CO 
 C>1 
 
 05 
 
 1^ 
 
 (M 
 
 ^ < >-i 
 
 a< 
 
 is 
 
 
 CO rt 
 
 > > 
 O o 
 
 (f5 
 
 t^ 'i\ l» 
 
 l-H ^ (M 
 
 be >:• 
 
 3, ^ 
 
 "s "a 
 
 <a 
 
 III 
 
 - ^ a 
 
 c 
 S - - 
 
 0) 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 O 
 
 o •-— ' 
 
 ;3 o 
 
 5?; 
 
 o 
 
 Eh 
 W 
 
 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 
 M « '^ :S ^ 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 
 c B 
 
 w 
 
 W 
 
 
 o 
 
 t; 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 ^ « f§ ^ 
 -« iJ w ^ 
 
 E 
 
 c 
 
 O .:= 
 
 O E- 
 
 as 
 
 ■<! S 
 
 2 « 
 
 
 IS ^ 
 
'*? 
 
 *-= ■ 
 S-5 
 
 hi? "<-" 
 
 p g 
 
 {J 
 
 c \, 
 ^ ^ -5! 
 
 L; ci i-j ,^ 
 C5 p o o 
 
 < r^ 
 
 *1 
 
 
 S o' 
 
 M 
 
 : = ?^ 
 
 5^' CO C? ?1 
 fc ±> >■. • 
 
 •^ '-S ^ O 
 
 fC M 
 
 t- »^ 
 
 ^ "O 
 
 - .^ s .? p s 
 
 '^ -< ^ i^ i:: 2 
 
 ?f Ji~ '^ «-■' «■ - 
 
 '•^ i-i ,-, (M „ ~ 
 
 i:* - =3 a, ':2 -- 
 
 "2 
 
 O "*" 
 
 1- 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 5^'^ • . 
 
 ftp P tl ^ '"< 
 
 ^^ £ i ;i ^ 
 
 — 4a — 
 
 
 -• 2.. 
 
 <» («. 
 
 •5— c 
 : ^ D 3 
 
 o S 
 
 
 
 = S 
 
 is 
 
 U- i-'S 
 
 
 I. C 3 
 
 ' c 
 
 <- — 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 J 5 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 T E 
 
 5 = 
 
 se> 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 3 
 0) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -) 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 cz 
 
 ■a 
 
 -1 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 :ii 
 
 •.3 
 
 y, 
 
 c 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 « 
 
 Q 
 
 (1 
 
 U.) 
 
 .a 
 
 
 > 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 X' 
 
 
 ;5 
 
 -^^ 
 
 8 
 
 
 ♦J 
 
 B 
 
 -- ^i l'^ CO «5 X 
 
 Ix CC X CO X » (31 
 
 X 
 
 p 
 X 
 
 p 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 
 CI 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 <>\ 
 
 X 
 
 ■c o 
 
 C'l to 
 
 X X 
 
 |C5 J0~ "C" 
 
 ^ xi T^ '^ ^ '^ ^ '~' 
 
 ■"• tI 01 r-l I— 1 
 
 •^a^4-<'S.?^^2|^|||'3 
 
 a, — * "fc ^' ^' ^ 
 
 r; I-"? X X X 
 
 ec re fo CO CO 
 
 X X X X X 
 
 f-H r-H 1-H »— < t-H 
 
 eo" eo" ccT x" r-T 
 
 CI 5^1 w eo 
 
 1: 3 "S rt -g 
 
 fc< *< u, ;^ o 
 
 |x X 
 
 XXX 
 
 ">C » X CJ 
 X X X X 
 
 o 
 
 01 
 
 X 
 
 "I 01 
 
 p •fi X O -H 1.0 X X 
 
 
 w >-5 
 
 V 3 
 X ^ 
 
 1.0 Ol 01 
 
 _^ 01 l-H 
 
 "E >. >. 
 
 o 
 CO 
 
 o 
 01 
 
 X c: I- cs |, 
 
 ^3 1; 
 
 ^ 1-5 l-j 
 
 
 6 t* 
 
 .5: >S 
 x •- 
 
 x a: 
 
 > p 
 
 
 c 
 
 In 
 
 X 
 
 c" 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 
 O 
 
 e 
 
 J 
 
 "u 
 
 
 ^ „ ^ .1 o-i CO ec CO CO CO 
 
 xxxxxxxxxx 
 
 -f~ 1^" oT 
 01 CO w 
 
 3 H = 
 
 <1 ta s 
 
 o 
 ci 
 
 .0 
 
 
 0) 
 
 « 
 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 cLc -^ 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 « ^ 
 
 -s 
 
 ^ 
 
 ;»■ 
 
 ♦: X! 
 
 ?3 
 
 SC 
 
 X 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 X 
 
 ^ c - c 
 
 '•"SSI 
 
 5 = 
 
 
 V, 
 
 o 
 
 *c 
 
 t J I 
 
 a" ^ h5 
 
 s c 
 
 o o 
 
 P3 « 
 
 O 0; O 
 
 i J T 
 
 < -J5 W 
 
 t 
 S 
 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 as 
 
 es -c: « 
 
 as — 
 
 ^ :^ < 2 US 
 
 
 X 
 
 it 
 
 X ;| 
 
 g IS 
 
 S 05 
 
41 
 
 
 c-t 
 
 H7, 
 
 = = rf 
 
 i»-s 
 
 
 C •:£ >" - 3 •/ 
 
 - « •: '-C .5 1 
 
 * •/ 
 
 i S-*- 
 
 c o 
 
 « i "■ B 
 
 ? e c zi 
 
 -'sg-caOo/.jJi-''- >- - 
 
 5-1 > « 
 
 s ~ t: « i . 
 
 F c-5 s * o 
 
 -^ :, ^ n 
 
 Sr- =-S 
 
 
 .5=; c 3 - 
 
 
 - c - 5 'S ~ 
 
 SiC 
 
 ■g'5 g gwj c^^ "5 - u o 5 c ^:~-o 
 
 1 - 
 
 i 3 
 
 C-5-0 * 
 
 S5 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 , 
 
 'M 
 
 ^ 
 
 iC 
 
 « 
 
 ,^ 
 
 -f 
 
 05 
 
 -t" 
 
 ^-< 
 
 1- 
 
 P-l 
 
 w^ 
 
 T 
 
 .„ 
 
 X 
 
 « 
 
 
 «C 
 
 'T 
 
 "T 
 
 •^ 
 
 t 
 
 -f 
 
 1< 
 
 -r 
 
 lO 
 
 T 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 5C 
 
 •£ 
 
 !£ 
 
 
 
 !0 
 
 -K 
 
 
 at 
 
 * 
 
 
 1-H 
 
 00 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 1-^ 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 I— < 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 t-4 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 •^ X O". S-. — C5 
 ^ ,^ r-1 r-H ^ M 
 
 5 tJ ST - 
 
 M ^5 
 
 S". X o ~ 
 
 X o ~ -r n n I ■- ec 
 
 1-H W ^ C-l "M ?l -H 
 
 c .- 
 
 > J i I 
 
 c *s 
 
 O .0 
 
 ^ OJ Ij rt h-i ^"-^ T rt jr tai 3 ^ i.** w i^^ .^ V .'* b 
 
 X C. Ci 1-1 -^ IM M >? 
 
 M >? ?C I-- Si M -t »^ 
 
 't* 'T •l^ •t* 'i* '. »0 'O 
 
 O r-l .-I 10 X X 
 
 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
 
 to •£ -C 
 
 X X 
 
 1^ X X -i< iM o «o 1* o Oi ec S5 -H c^r "t X 
 ^ rt ^ e^ ^ cc "M *! eo ui 'M ^ *> "-H s-^ ifi 
 
 rT 5"!" L'f *' o" i<" i-T 
 
 
 cu Or e 
 
 <S :? ^ 
 
 HS 1^, <% •< I-} << ■< 
 
 ■£9, c U 
 
 eC rl 
 
 M ^ o c ><; c^ 
 
 02 
 
 « -a 
 
 -3 c 
 
 S J* 
 
 CLl h? 
 
 Sa 
 
 .i: o 
 
 (< a; 
 
 .2, tf 
 
 r i-< .3 ?^ 
 
 
 s » 
 
 ^ o j; 
 
 M 
 
 H 2 
 
 - C " 
 
 — .5 3 41 
 
 ij "C 3: n: 
 
 I a ?=5 w > ?= 2 
 
 -S vj ^ s J S 
 
 C '- 
 
 i; 3 S 
 
 fe 
 
 _ K* 
 
 3 -^ 4;- 
 
 :3 c 
 
 S rt 
 
 SB o ^ 
 
 5 rt 
 
 ! -§ I S ^ ^ i n 
 
 ai r" 
 
 ^. '^^ ? -■ i == .i: -^ S 
 
 o 
 
 W H H E 
 
 r -.^ f^ « « 
 
 ^ 2^ i^ ^ 
 
 C r r C ^ 
 
 H < 
 
 s '5= "^ W "^ 
 
 Oi 
 
 « 3 
 
 rrT- rS _^ 
 
 
 .5 a 
 
 !? is r,> ^ « 5^ O S M "T* 
 
 ^ % m 
 
 CK -,i 
 
 5 il: 0; aJ i; 
 
 C4 <-^ 
 
 2 W 
 
 J- -: 
 
 W « 
 
 I-! /. >-^ 
 
 -s o c 
 
 
 aj 
 
 w 3 a 
 
 a P « 
 
 « o ►^ S i5 be 
 
 L* kJl ^^ h^ *'^ "^ 
 
 ^ ^ ,-K TS "•* K_» 
 
 .-^ ^ C »< >-^ >^ 
 
- 45 -' 
 
 ■r "^ s^ ^^ "^ * 
 
 *^--^^ c 3 « 
 
 ;.5^ f.s- 
 
 ' S* ^ .^ * or 
 
 I « -2 i 
 
 2 S 2 ^ 
 
 W' 'M" a" r^ 
 
 -1 1-1 fC 
 
 -' It c t* 
 
 ^ ^ ^ ct 
 
 52 g 
 
 I CO iS '-' 
 
 ^ ^ I 
 
 
 in 
 
 ; ^ 
 
 r ■«; CO 
 !5 ^ 
 
 r: ■^ 
 
 1 
 < 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■^ taN 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4» •* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 X3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tr^ 
 
 «b 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 «« 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y 
 
 S 
 
 3 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 1- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4>>Jl; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1^^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •4 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 T 
 
 ri 
 
 cr 
 
 t 
 
 l-* 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 !■• 
 
 
 
 i^ 
 
 ■ >. 
 
 !>. 
 
 l>. 
 
 
 
 
 
 cc 
 
 
 3C 
 
 
 X 
 
 1— « 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 - ^ cc 
 
 " c^ r 
 
 :c 
 
 t 
 
 " ! 
 
 ? 
 
 ■j^ 
 
 r- 
 
 
 ■M 
 
 
 r 
 
 1 1 
 
 4J 
 
 ;. 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 c 
 
 j 
 
 > 
 
 -*. 
 
 ^ 
 
 > 
 
 
 j 
 
 ■-: 
 
 s 
 
 ^ 
 
 5^ 
 
 
 'X 
 
 S' 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 c^ 
 
 ff< 
 
 t 
 
 lT 
 
 00 
 
 ?= 
 
 QC 
 
 
 I-. 
 
 
 1- 
 
 
 1- 
 
 I-. 
 
 
 '« 
 
 cc 
 
 3C 
 
 X 
 
 
 oc 
 
 X 
 
 CC 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 n 
 
 «> 
 
 ' 'JT 
 
 •r 
 
 t^ 
 
 r—t 
 
 ^ 
 
 »c 
 
 
 -M 
 
 (M 
 
 
 r-( 
 
 n 
 
 
 ri 
 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 ^ 
 
 »• 
 
 • 2 
 
 *■ 
 
 > 
 
 "4 
 
 -i 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 ^p" 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 •X 
 
 
 
 >. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 > 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 ; r^ 
 
 r* 
 
 rz3 
 
 t- 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 
 g 
 
 : ^ 
 
 c 
 
 
 s= 
 
 
 c* 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 -N 
 
 
 u 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,?5 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 w 
 
 
 'u. 
 
 Hi 
 
 'A 
 
 C 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 >* 
 
 ^ 
 
 X 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 w- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 —J 
 
 I. 
 
 I. 
 
 >^ 
 
 NM 
 
 
 — ^ 
 
 ** 
 
 u 
 
 X 
 
 s 
 
 
 > 
 
 s** 
 
 > 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 - ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ff 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 y. 
 
 > 
 
 't 
 
 -N 
 
 
 
 H- 
 
 y. 
 
 M 
 
 5 
 
 U. 
 
 W 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 w 
 
 ^ 
 
 H- 
 
 U 
 
 <l w 
 
 <v 
 
 .«^ 
 
 l<^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 ? 
 
 
 (= 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 
 p. 
 
 : 1