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L 1 1 .% ..( riii: >i 111 si'iim 1^1 t-M..\, ,,h 111. ■■ lA.N (I'M N «l-t. 1 ( I,, I, ' .Mn.\ri;i;.\ 111' ^ ^ ^ — ^^^^ ERRORS IN CANADIAN HISTORY CUM.ED FltoM (< PRIZK ANSWERS" BY KliKD. A. McCOED OXK OF THE C0MPKT1T0R3 FOR TMK SOLUTION OF Tll« UNK IICMDHED (QUESTIONS OF Tll£ " CANADIAN 8I'£CTAT0K " MONTKEAL DAWSON IJKOTHERS, I'l'BLlSlIKKS 1880 PCs I ERRORS IN CANADIAN HISTORY. In the month of May, last year, the Canadian Spectator, of Montreal, began the publication, ex- tending over several weeks nfm^c i>n%^,i-..j r\ — _ ERRATA. Page 7, line 14, lor ItlM, read UJd-J. •' -20. lor l(i<*»-, read l«,<i:5. u k I I I . J/ . ^ . //ff " /Jp ' Hermes has recently published his answers in pamphlet form, with the supposed weight attach- ing to the fact of his being the winner of the first prize ; and his answers are, in nearly every case, literally the same as those which the Spectator, FC5I ERRORS IN CANADIAN HISTORY. Ill the month of May, lust year, the Canadian Spectator, of Montreal, began the publication, ex- tending over several weeks, of one hundred Ques- tions in Canadian History, and announced that several prizes would be given to those persons who, within a stated period, would furnish the greatest number of correct answers. The answers which were considered correct by the Spectator appeared in its columns in October and November, and some time in December the result of the competi- tion was made known, and " Hermes," (Mr. Henry Miles, Jnr., of Montreal,) was declared to be the winner of the first prize. Hermes has recently published his answers in pamphlet form, with the supposed weight attach- ing to the fact of his being the winner of the first prize ; and his answers are, in nearly every case, literally the same as those which the Spectator^ with th«( asKuuu'd siuthorily ol' u Jiuli^i' in Iho mutter, doiidod to be the rig-ht ouch. Addilional proHtij^e arises from the lact tliat he is the son of a well-known writer of Canadiaii History, whose works are used as text-])ooks in many of our schools ; and, moreover, the statement has been made in the puhlii; prints, and has not been contradicted, that the numerous notes and comments, formini^ part of the appendix, are from the pen of Mr. Miles' father. In these notes, only two or three of the answers are declared to be "not altogether faultless," and it may therefore fairly be inferred that, in the majority of instances, the assertions of Hermes have the sanction of his father's approval. These circumstances are of a nature to induce the jniblic to consider the information furnished by Hermes as particularly trustworthy, and to accept his evidence as decisive ; but it would be desirable to know whether this confidence is really well-founded, and whether the contents of the pamphlet in question are suited to be, according to the publisher's intention, " generally useful and interesting to those who may be in any way con- nected with the promotion and dilfusion of the knowledge of our local history." Now the truth is that not only are the answers given by Hermes not " correct in ninety-nine cases out of the hundred," but that, on the contrary, more than twenty of them are incorrect. Most of these are completely wrong ; a few are inexact as to dates and other particulars ; and in some ins- — 5 — the taiioop, as will ]n> shown, tho niiHWcrs piv«»n nro either not homo out hy, or in direct opposition to, the authorilios citt'd in support of thorn. That tho Spectator's first prize should have l)»MMi awarded to Ilormes for a oertain number ol' jinswers, many of whirh are incorrect, is of itself hut a minor consideration ; })ut that erroneous statements relatinsr to the history of our country should not ho widely circulated through the press, under the favourini^ circumstances just mention(>d, without heincf controverted, is a matter of consi- dera])le importance, and has been deemed suffi- cient, in the oi)inion of the writer, to warrant the puldication of the following pa^os, which, it is hoped, may prove both useful and welcome to students and all others who take an interest in Canadian History. The errors which form the su))je<'ts of these notes are, for convenience sake, considered under sepa- rate headings, and in the order in which the ans- wers they occur in were published. ne EAKLTKST MENTION OF LAOCOSSE. .S- Lacrosso, as at present played, is said to be of comparatively recent date, though in a simpler form it was a favourite pastime of tho Indians centuries ago. The earliest mention of it which I have seen, occurs in Sagard's Voyages an pays den Hurom, published in Paris in 1082. From the ex- — e pression made use of by Sagard (page 174), " crosaer uite balte de hois leger comme Von f aid en nos quartiers" it would appear that it was not unlike some game then played in France. Cut Hermes might seem to have discovered a still earlier reference to the game, for his answer, as to when it is first mention- ed, is " 1008. Le jeu de crosse. Ferland's History of Canada, a'oI. I, page 133." This was accepted by the Spectator as correct. Upon referring to the authority cited, I was astonished to find that page 133 forms part of a chapter on the Indians, their customs, etc., and that " 1608 " is only a portion of the running heading of that chapter, and by no means intended for the date of the first mention of any of the customs therein described. Besides, Ferland could have given such an early date only on authority other than his own, his history being a recent publication. Hermes may perhaps be able to account for this singular error. FIRST MILITARY ORGANIZATION ON RECORD. Question No. 21 was : " What is the oldest mili- tary organization of which there exists an authentic record of formation," and Hermes states that it is the celebrated Carignan llegiment, which was disbanded in 1008, soon after its arrival in Canada. He says ; " Tracts of land were granted to its ofii- cors and men who chose to settle in the Colony, and, in case of attack by the Iroquois or by the Anglo-American colonists, they were expected, — 7 — from their former experience in warfare, to be able to immediately organize an adequate defence of the whole colony." This, I think, cannot be accepted as an answer to the question : for it is only said that they were expected to be able to organize and not that there was an actually exist- ing organization. According to Faillon, the military fraternity of " La Tres-Sainte Vierge," composed of sixty-three men, was formed at Villemarie in lG5S,—mstoire de la Colonie Franpaise, vol. II, p. 213, and vol. Ill, p. 15, 3rd line ; and the " Militia of The Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph," was formed, also at Villemarie, in 1661,— /</. vol. II, p. 16, and p. 20 note. These fraternities, therefore, and not the Carignan Regiment, seem to be " the first military organiza- tions of which there is an authentic record of for- mation." The mililia of the Holy Family was formed in January 1662, and must not be confounded with the confr&ie of the Holy Family which was formed in July of the same year. THE "ROYAL WILLIAM." It has been frequently asserted that the first vessel which crossed the Atlantic, % sfcam-vower alone, was a Canadian-built steamer, the " Royal William." I do not now intend to discuss the question of Canada's right to this distinction, but 8 — simply to note the inexactness of the following answer given by Hermes to question 23 : — " The Royal William sailed from Quebec 18 Aug-, 1833, touched at Pictou, N. S., and arrived at Gravesend Sept. 11th, and was commanded by Captain Mc- Donald." I am aware that the Canadian Antiqua- rian, (vol. IV, p. TO,) might be cited in corrobora- tion of this statement ; but, as a matter of fact, the Royal "William left Quebec for London at A. M. on the 5th August, and not on the 18th which was the date of her leaving Pictou. Further, the Captain's name was not McDonald, but John Mc- Dougali. — See Christie''^ HiUori/ of Canada, vol. V, p. 362, and the Qacbec Gazette of Aug. "), 1833. SLAVERY IN CANADA. Slavery appears to have been introduced into Canada about 1089, and its existence was recogni- zed during more than a hundred years. The Spec- tator put the question (No. 27) : " TV'hen was the last negro slave publicly sold in Montreal," and Hermes answers that "the last slave publicly sold in Montreal was in 1T97. The deed was passed by Mr. Gray and his partner, notaries. Manuel was the name of the slave." This sale gaVe rise to a lawsuit, the particulars of which, as w^ell as of the deed of sale, are related in the essay on sla- very in Canada, published by La Soricte Hiatoriquv lie Montreal in 1859 ; l)ut I can find nothing whatever to justify the assertion that it was a — 9 - public sale. I should say that the notaries them- selves, Mr. Gray and his colleague, may have been ;>?//;/*>;, but that the sale certainly was not. CATirOLTCV AM) PROTESTANTS IN THE SAME CIlURfn. There are at least two instances on record oi' Catholics and Protestants having- worshipped in the same church. The Protestants of Quebec were allowed the frequent use of the Recollet Church during several years previous to its destruction by fire on the Gth Sept. 1790 ; and in Montreal the same permission was granted them by the Rocol- lets for some years, until the opening of the St. Gabriel Street Church in 1792. " Long before, however," says Hermes, " de Caen rompcUcd Roman Catholics and Protestants to wor- ship l()<refhcr in the same Church at Quebec— Re- corded by Faillon, vol. I, p. 212, and cited by Le- clercq, vol. I, pp. 332 and 341." The way in which the authorities are given would lead many to sup- pose that Faillon is first in point of time, and that he is cited by Leclercq, who, however, really lived two hundred years before him. Rut let that pass. Faillon does iiuleed state the facts as TIermes gives them, and (utes the same pages of Leclercq ; but he is not borne out by his authority. Leclercq, after saying that I)e Caen wished to compel the French Catholics to attend the prayers of the Pro- testants, adds "o« nen exen/fa rieny Therefore — 10 — Catholics and Protestants did not then worship in the same church. This occurs, at page 338 ; but Faillon commits the trifling error of citing page 332. As this slight inaccuracy is also committed, or copied, by Hermes, I consider it pretty strong evidence that he quotes Loclercq only at second hand. ANXEX.VTION. The history of the Rebellion Losses Bill, the riots which attended" its passing, and the annexation movement which took place in the same year, are all well remembered facts. With reference to an- nexation, here is what Hermes says : — " In 1849, after the sanction of the Kebellion Losses Bill, 350 persons, mostly of some local importance, at a tur- bulent meeting on the Champ de Mars, Montreal, signed a manifesto, declaring that annexation to the United States was the only remedy for the political and commercial condition of the country." It is quite true that a meeting was held on the (vhamp de Mars, on the evening of April 25, 1849, after the passing of the Rebellion Losses Bill, and immediately before the burning of the Parliament House ; but I believe that no mention was there made of annexation, and certainly no manifesto was signed. At this meeting, it was simply resol- ved that a committee be appointed to draft a peti- tion to the Queen praying for Lord Elgin's recall, and this petition was read at a meeting held at — li- the same place on the afternoon of the 27th. Short- ly afterwards the British American League was formed in Montreal and in some cities of Upper Canada, with a view to changes in the Constitu- tion and to consider the commercial state of the country. Its first meeting was held at Kingston, where, on the 31st July, it adopted an address to the people of Canada, setting forth the three pro- minent objects of the organization, as follows :— 1° A Union of all the British American Provinces ; 2^ Ketrenchment and Economy in the public ex- penditure ; 3° Protection for Home Industry. But it was not till the early part of October that the Manifesto of the Annexation Association of Mon- treal, whi(!h had succeeded the League, was pu- blished in the newspapers. This was the first proposition of annexation in that vear, and was made more than five months after the meeting on the Champ de Mars. SETTLEMENT t)F OTTAWA. In any book which I have had an opportunity of consulting for a solution of the question : "When and by whom was Bytown (now Ottawa) settled ? the one answ^er given is that " Bytown was found- ed in 1827 by Col. John By." This is part of the answer given by Hermes, who adds that Bytown " was settled by those engaged in the 'Construction of the Rideau Canal." There is no very apparent reason for the date assigned, even supposing the -12 — first settlomont to have boon made by Col. By. He was sent out from England to superintend the construction of the Rideau Canal, and on the 2l8t of Sept. 182(3 the excavation for the locks was commenced. This is therefore the true date of the actual beginning of the canal, although the first stone of the locks was not laid till the IGth of Aug. 1827, by Captain (afterwards SirJohn) Frank- lin. But the site of the present city of Ottawa was not without an occupant when Col. By arrived, and on this point I have received the following inter- esting personal reminiscences from a gentleman still resident at Ottawa : " In ISlY, Sergeant Berry and his son-in-law Isaac Firth settled near where the Chaudiere bridges no\v are. They kept a tavern. The next settlers, near the foot of the pre- sent timber-slide, were Ilollister and Captain Col- lins, and then Bellows and Stacy who built the iirst stone house. These persons were all establish- ed and doing business before the survey of the canal. — About the year 1818, a provincial land sur- veyor, named John Burrows, owned the land, say 200 acres, on which the principal part of the city of Ottawa now stands. Nicholas Sparks bought from John Burrows about two years afterwards. There was then built a log shanty, in which Mr. Sparks lived for some years after he purchased the property, and he was therefore the first settler in that part of the city." — 13 — ST. HELEN S ISLAND. St. Helen's Island, opposite Montreal, was so called by Champlain in honor of his wife, Helene BouUe, whose name is commonly, but incorrectly spelled Bouille. Hermes states that it was o-ranted to Charles LeMoyne on the 3rd of Nov. 1G72. A large grant of land was indeed made, on that day, to Charles LeMoyne, father of the ilrst Baron de Longueuil ; but it did not include, either St. Helen's Island or the small one next to it called He Ronde. They had both been granted to Le Moyne eight years previously, on the 30th of May, 1664, by de Lauzon Charny. I refer Hermes to Faillon, vol. Ill, p. 350 note, or to the title {litre) erecting the Barony of Longueuil, from which title an extract is given in Appendix A. CHAMPLAIN AND ST. LAWRENCE RAILROAD. The name of the first Railway Company in Ca- nada was "The Company of Proprietors of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Rail-road." The petition for incorporation was presented Nov. 23, 1831, and, notwithstanding the counter-petition of the inhabitants of various i^arts of the Counties of Chambly and Laprairie, who were in favour of a turnpike road, a charter was obtained on the 25th Feby. 1832,— not, as stated by Hermes, in 1831. The Railway was to extend from Laprairie — 14 — to St. Johns, a distance of about sixteen miles, and work was begun in 1835. The road was opened for tralRc in Aug. 1836, and was at first run with horses, but in 1837 locomotives were introduced in their stead. UEUT. COIi. WINFIELD SCOTT. Lieut Col. (afterwards General) Winfield Scott was taken prisoner at the battle of Queenston Heights, Oct. 13th 1812, and sent, with several others, to Quebec. During the ensuing winter he returned to the United States, and soon afterwards joined the army at Fort Niagara, as Lieutenant General to General Dearborn who was in chief command. By some it is said that he had been released on parole, which he would therefore have broken, while American writers assert that he had been duly exchanged in January 1813. This is a disputed point, and one which Hermes possibly places among "debatable questions," though he does not say so, but contents himself with men- tioning that Scott was exchanged. It is, however, beyond doubt that he was paroled. The circum- stances will be found stated at considerable length in the General Orders of Feb. 8, 1813. — See Appen- dix B. — 15- i miles, and v^as opened it run with introduced ifield 8cott Queenston til several winter he ifterwards lieutenant 3 in chief had been 3 fore have lat he had This is a possibly loug-h he ith men- however, 3 circuin- le leng-th 3 Appen- OLDEST INCORPORATED TOWN IN ONTARIO. I am particularly curious to know what autho- rity Hermes has for considering Toronto the oldest incorporated town in Ontario. It was incorpora- ted, as he says, in 1834, — but as a city, — and I am not aware of its having ever been an incorporated town. The town of Hamilton, incorporated in 1833, was, I believe, the first in Ontario.— See Uj^ier Ca- nada Statutes. In a note to his answer, Hermes adds that " Kingston was incorporated in 1838, and Niagara in 1845." This may be intended as interesting information, but it seems somewhat strangely chosen ; for there where several incorporated towns in Upper Canada, before either Kingston or Nia- gara received its charter. — See Appendix C. '* LA MAISON MONTCALM." The qaaint little building, on the corner of St. Louis and Garden streets, opposite the St. Louis Hotel, is frequently spoken of as the oldest in Quebec, and there are good reasons for ascribing to it this superior antiquity, but they should at all events be correctly stated. Hermes says that the present owner " has in his possession a deed of its transfer on Nov. 30th 16'74," and the obvious in- ference is of course that the house was previously 10 built. IJiit thi.s (loi'tl ol' Nov. -30, 1074, makes over the laud ouly ou wliich the house uovv stauds, and eoutaius a stipulatiou that it should he built upou withiu a year IVom that date. Whether this eou- ditiou was complied with, or uot, I have beeu uu- able to aseertaiu. ULDKST TOWN IN THE DOMINION. Ilermes declares that the oldest town in the Do- minion is " Port Jloyal, now Annapolis, Ibunded 1G05.— Ferlandvol. I, page (18, edition ol'lSOl," and he might wish to strengthen his position by pro- ducing a score of other authorities on Canadian History who readily admit that " Quebec is, next to Annapolis, the oldest town in Canada." I questioned the truth of this assumption, and, after some research, arrived at the conclusion that Quebec, and not Annapolis, is the oldest town in the Dominion. This was my answer to the t::>pec- tator's question, and, although it was not accepted, I still maintain its correctness, which I think is easily proved. Le Sieur de Monts, who had been appointed the French King's Lieutenant General for Acadia, came out in lt)04 with several followers, among whom was Champlain, and about a hundred colo- nists. After exploring a great part of the coast, he settled at the mouth of the t^t. Croix river ; but this place was fottlid to be badly chosen. Half of — 17 — 4, lujikos over w staiuLs, and 1)0 built upon her this coii- ttve been un- ^lON. n ill the l)o- olis, Ibunded ol'lSOl/'and ition by pro- 311 Canadian lebee is, next Ida." raption, and, lelusion that iest town in to the t^^pec- lot accepted, I think is ipoijited the for Acadia, ers, among' mdred colo- le coast, he river ; but ■n. Half of the colonists died from scurvy during the winter, and in the following spring Ue Monts removed to the shores of what is now called Annapolis Basin, and there formed a settlement which was named Port Royal. This was in 1005. A detailed narrative of the whole expedition was written by Cham- plain, who gives a carefully prepared map of Port Koyal ; and Marc Lescarbot, a Parisian lawyer, who arrived from France in the following year, has left an interesting account, which is also ac- comi>anied with maps. It is clearly shown on these maps, as well as by the text itself, that Port Koyal was on the north side of Annapolis 13asin, nearly opposite Goat Island. It was abandoned in 1007, re-occupied in 1010, and destroyed by the Virginians under Captain Argall in 1013. In 1020 it was re-settled by a number of Scotch colonists, and after the treaty of St. Germain, restored to the French, who almost immediately abandoned it ; the fort was demolished ; and the seat of govern- ment was removed for a time to La Il6ve, on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, not far from the pre- sent seaport of Lunenburg. I meet with no men- tion of De Monts Port Royal subsequent to 1032. Sometime between that year and 1045, a new settlement, also called Port Royal, was formed by d'Aulnay Charnisay, governor of Acadia, on the aoHth side of Annapolis Basin, and a fort was built there, of w^hich the ruins are still to be seen. — See Moreau, Histoire de fAcadie, and Winthrop's Jour- nal. It is this second Port Royal which was taken — 18 — by Major fSt'(l<»vvi(k in I»l.")4, hy IMiips in 1«'»!M>, and liiially l)y Nicholson on the 1>{th ()<t. 1710, when tho name was clianged to Annapolis in honoiii ol' Queen Anne. ** Port lloyal, now Annapolis," was therefore not founded in IflO;'), hut between in!52 and 1»)4'), and cannot, consequently, ])e as old as Quebec, which Champlain founded on the .'}rd of July 1<>()8. TllK OLD KOirr AT ClIAMlJLV. Alon*^ the Ilichelieu river, in lOl).")-!!, the Cari- gnan Regiment, then just arrived from France, constructed a number of wooden forts. One of these, situated on the h^ft bank of the river, about fifty miles from its mouth and fifteen miles east of Montreal, was erected under the supervision of Captain Jacques de Chambly, and was known as Fort St. Louis. In 1701)-11, it was replaced })y the present fortress, built chiefly of rubble masonry, according to plans furnished by the Engineer in Chief, M. Chaussegros de Lery. This stone fort was named after the builder of the previous one on the same site, and was also sometimes called I'ort Pontchartrain from the name of the French Minister of Marine and the Colonies when it was completed. - . Hermes is in error when he says that, " Fort Chambly (or Fort Chartrain) was built in the year 16G5, and took its name from Captain Jacques de Chambly who superintended the w'ork of the — ID- )H in 1«5J>(), and •t. 1710, when i ill hoiioni oi' s thon'fon' not and 1«)4."), and ^iioboo, whicli ,ly 1»;()8. liY. !;')-«>, the Cari- i'rom Franco, Ibrts. One of e rivof, about . miles east ol' iipervision of as known as blared ])y the ble masonry, Kng'ineer in lis stone fort previous one itimes called the French when it was that, "Fort ill the year Jacques de ork of the erection : " for, as already stated, the present fort, to which the question refers, was not built in ir>05, but in 1711 ; it was never called Fort Char- train, but Fort Pontohartrain ; and Captain de Chambly did not superintend the erection of this, but of the previous fort. The '• Old Fort at Chanildy," the only relic of the kind in North America, has long been deserted and uncared for, and is fast crumbling away. KIRHT DISTILLERY. It is claimed by Hermes that the first distillery in Canada was erected by " the Hon. John Young at Quebec, about the year 1788," and Bouchette's Topoffroplii/ of Lower Caiinda (p. 422), is given as authority. Now Bouchette places this distillery^ not at Quebec but at Beauport : " on the bank of the River Beauport, are the distillery and mills erected about twenty five years ago by the Honor- able John Young at a very great expense ; they are seated on the western bank of the river, over which there is a bridge leading past them ; the former belongs at present to Mr. Racy, the latter to Mr. McCallum." Bouchette's Topographij was published in 1815. Still the distillery at Beauport was not the first at or near Quebec : there was one at Quebec several years previously, and it is repeatedly mentioned in the Journal of the Siege of 1775-G, kept by an ofiicer of the garrison. — See Appendix D^ — 20 — Tliis di.stillcry vva.si)rol)al)ly tlu' lir.st in Caiuula ; but tho qui'slioii still remains, — AVlien was it built y HIE FlUST S(!1I(H)LMASTEK. " When and when; was the first Day Sthool oi>ened in Canada? "' — Hermes gives the Ibllowing- answer : — " In 1(182, liev. Father Le Jeuneopeiu'd the lirst Canadian School at Quebec. — Kt^lations des .Tesuites, cited in Canadian Antiquarian, and in Dr Miles' ►!^chool History ot Canada, p. r)l>, and French Regime, p. OG." In the Relations des Jisiiiles, it is stated that Fa- ther Paul Le Jeune opened a school for boys at Quebec, and that his scholars, from two in 1032, had increased to twenty in the following year ; and Dr Miles, at page 50 of his School History of Canada, remarks that " this worthy ecclesiastic has the honor of meriting the title of the earliest school- master in Canada.'^ I am sorry to have to deprive Father Le Jeune of that houour ; ])ut the facts are clear. The Jesuits arrived in Canada in 1025 : the llecollets had come out with Champlain as early as 1015. Frerc Paci- iiquo Duplessis, in 1010, had a school for the Indians on the spot where Three Kivers was after- wards founded, and about the same time Father Joseph Le Caron opened a school at Tadousac. Hence it may with good reason be said that the irst in C'aiiiula; Whoii was it Ell. st Day S(}iool .stho Ibllowiiio- I Jouuoopoiiod >eo. — delations | tiquariaii, and J ada, p. 59, and I 1 I jtatod that Fa- il for boys at i two in 1032, lowing- year ; ool History ol' oclosiastic has eur/kst school- her Le Jeune The Jesuits lets had come Frcre Paci- hool for the ers was after- time Father at Tadousao. :*aid that the first teachers in Canada wore the liecollets, Frere Diiplessis and Father Le Caron. — See Dr Meilleur's Memorial de I'Ednvalioii, Montreal, 1800. SKTTLEMENT OF LU'IIINE AND ORKJIN OK THE NAME. Among the questions put by the Spectator was this one, — No. 74 : " AVhat is the date of the settle- ment of Lachine, and from what did it derive its name ? " It is usually said that in 1()(J0 Dollier de Casson, LaSalle and twenty other.'', started from here on an exploring expedition, and that LaJ^alle and liis men having soon returned, notwithstanding tlieir })oast that they were going to find a passage to China, the place was derisively called La Chine. This origin of the name has been questioned, but it is probably correct. As to the date of the settlement, Hermes informs us that " Lachine began to ])e settled al)0ut the year 1078, when LaSalle established a post there ; ])ut the priests of the Seminary had amission there and held religious services ten years earlier." Now LaSalle, in 1078, was still in France, where he had gone three years ])efore, and he did ]iot return to Quebec till the l")lli Sept. He almost immediately proceeded with a few followers to Fort Frontenac, (now Kingston,) which had been granted to him ])y the King, and he certainly can* not have been at Lachine during 1 hat year at least. oo The real facts are as follows : Sometime between the autumn of 1667 and the autumn ot 1668, Cave- lier de LaSalle, then just arrived from France, received from the Sulpicians a gratuitous grant of a large tract of land about nine miles from Ville- raarie. The precise date of the grant has not been ascertained. LaSalle appears to have at once com- menced to clear the land, and before the end of the year 1668 he had disposed of portions of it to other settlers, and had begun the erection of buildings for his settlement, which he named St. Sulpice. The first settlement of Lachine, as this place was subsequenty called, was therefore in 1667-8. — See Faillon, Ilistoire de la Colonie FrnNfaise, vol. Ill, and the notes which accompany Le Voyage de MM. Dol- lieret Ga/inee, published by La Soricte Hintoriqne de Montreal, in 1875. SUNDAY tiCHOOLS. "With reference to the first establishment of Sunday Schools in Canada, the Spectator stated that " on Sept. 6th 1703, the Quebec Gazette announ- ced the opening of the Sunday Free School under the patronage of H. R. H. the Duke of Kent ; but the lessons taught were reading,writingand arith- metic, and not of a religious character." There- upon the following comment is made in the Appen- dix to Mr. Miles' pamphlet : — " The school opened by Prince Edward, at Quebec, on Sept. 4th 179)5, can S( arcelv be stvled a Sundav School in the sense letime between lot 1668, Cave- from France, uitoiis grant of iles from Ville- it has not been e at once com- ' the end of the IS of it to other II of buildings d St. Sulpice. his place was a l667-8.~See 'e, vol. Ill, and <^edeMM. Dol- ■e Hiatorique de blishment of ctator stated zetta announ- School under of Kent ; but ng-and arith- ter." There- n the Appen- hool opened pt. 4th 1798, in the sense - L>3 - in which the term is now employed. It was sim- ply a //*ee school in which secular and rlementart/ branches were taught on Sunda//s.'' It is somewhat strange that the Spectator declined to accept the clear statements of the Quebec Gazette, with reference to Lord Dorchester's reception of Prince Edward, yet unhesitatingly admits the same paper as suHit-ient authority in the present instance, when it is not even correctly cited. The Quebec Gazette of the 5th Sept. 179:} does not say that a school of any description had been opened : it merely contains an advertisement announcing that it was intended to open a Sunday Free School on the (3th of October following. I have found ]io subsequent record on the subject in the colums of the Gazette. — See Appendix E. ]3efore discussing the question whether this school may be considered a Sunday School, accor- ding to any particular meaning of that expression, would it not ha proper to ascertain what proofs there are that the school itself ever existed '{ STK. ANNE, BOUT DK 1, IL1-: St. Ann's is about twenty miles from Montreal, and is a village of ix^'haps 10<»0 inhabitants. I'^rom its being situated on the south west end of the Island of Montreal, it is commonly called St. Ann's, l»out-de-rile, to distinguish it from a dozen other St. Ann's in the Province of (^neljC'. ]\Iost persons — 24 — imagine that it is a place ofnoronseqiience, noted at most as a summer resort for a few Montrealers, or as being" mentioned in Tom Moore's Canadian Boat Song, and there was some surprise when the following appeared as the Spectator's 81st ques- tion : — " Crive some remarkable events which occurred at St. Anne's, Bout-de-l'Ile." The only w'ell defined " event " whiih I could discover is this : " In 1770 a party of about HOO Americans under Arnold retired there, after being defeated near Vaudreuil by Captain Forster, who had only one-third the number of men and was encumbered with prisoners taken at the Cedars. Captain Forster proposed a cartel, which Arnold readily assenting to, on May 27th an exchange was efl'ected for 2 majors, 9 captains, 20 subalterns, and 443 soldiers." — Stnitli's Iliston/ of Canac/d, vol. II, p. 140. But of what remarkable occurences does Hermes consider St. Ann's the scene ?— IIjs answer i.s stated in his pamphlet in the following words : — " Thomas Moore wrote the Canadian Boat Song there in 1804.— "Dr. Scaddinff, cS:;c."— Destruction of the Fort, «S:c. — A massacre by the Indians, Life of LeBer." It is improbable that the answer was actually sent in this shape, and I think it may not unjustly be assumed that it was really the same as part of the answer which is given })y the Spectator and which I now quote : — " Thomas Moore is supposed to have written his well known Canadian Boat Son"- there in 1804." ^ sefiueiico, noted Bw Montrealers, oore's Canadian -prise when the itor's 81st ques- e vents which which I could y of about (500 're, after beinir 1 Forster, who men and was it the Cedars, which Arnold exchange was ubal terns, and fi(J((, vol. n, p. s does Hermes js answer is ing words :— n Boat 8ono- —Destruction Indians, Lif*. was actually not unjustly lie as part of j:>ectator and 3 written his ' in 1804." " It is said that from the old fort situated there molten lead was poured upon the besiegers. The fort was burnt by the Iroquois in 1(571, and ))y the Americans in 1812." " Daulac or Bollard de Casson's [Bollard des Ormeaux is confounded with the Ilev. Dollier de Casson] " light with the Indians took place near there." " Jeanne LeBer spent many years of self-imposed penance in. a room in a tower which is still in existence." The remainder of the answer is the event rela- ting to Arnold, which I have already mentioned. Bid Tom Moore write the Canadian Boat Song at St. Ann's ? — Hermes appears to give Br. Scad- ding, author of " Toronto of Old," as his authority lor answering in the affirmative ; but I submit that Br. Scadding is no authority on this point. The song is generally found with the heading, " "Writ- ten on the Kiver St. Lawrence," and in the early editions of Moore it is printed with a long expla- natory note, part of which I subjoin : " The above stanzas are su]iposed to l)e sung by those voi/di^cNrs who go to the (}rand Portage by the Uiawas River. "I wrote these words to an air which our ))oat- men sung to us very frequently. The wind was so unfavourable that they wcn^ obliged to row all the way, and we were live days in descending the river from Kingston to IMontnvil, exposed to an intense sun during the dav. and jit ni<>'hl forced to in — take shelter from the dews in any miserable hut upon the banks that would receive us. " At the Rapid of St. Ann they are obliged to take out part, if not the whole, of their lading. It is from this spot the Canadians consider they take their departure, as it possesses the last church on the island, which is dedicated to the tutelar saint of voyagers." — (This paragraph is from Mackenzie's General Hislorij of the Fur Trade.) Since Moore came down the St. Lawrence from Kingston to Montreal, and does not mention having gone out of his way to A*isit St. Ann's, there seems to be no reason to suppose that the Canadian Boat Song was written there. The other events, supposed to have taken place at St. Ann's, Bout-de-l'Ile, are not of a nature to confer upon the spot very wide-spread celebrity, even if any of them had really occurred there, and not at another St. Ann's, to w^hich the question does not refer. As to the case of Jeanne LeBer, it is the opinion of the Spectator and, presumably, of Hermes, that she " spent many years of self-imposed " penance in a room in a tower which is still in " existence ; " and that the tower is " still in exis- tence," is apparently added as evidence in favour of the truth of the story connected with it ; but it is about as conclusive as the well-known argu- ment of the author of " The Innocents Abroad " : " Such is the legend of the Seven Sleepers, and I know it is true because I have seen the cave myself." — 27 — miserable hut lis. ire oblig-ed to eir lading. It ider they take 1st church on ; tutelar saint n Mackenzie's ivvrence from not mention jit St. Ann's, pose that the re. ! taken place a nature to ad celebrity, ?d there, and he question ne LeBer, it sumably, of elf-imposed is still in till in exis- e in favour h it ; but it lown arg-u- Abroad " : pers, and I 1 the cave Jeanne LeBer, the daughter of the richest mer- chant of Montreal, was born in 16()2. She com- l)leted her education at the Ursulines Convent in Quebec about 1(577, and then remained in her father's house, completely isolated from the outer world, till 1095. In that year she retired to the Convent of the Congregation nuns, and there, in a small room specially ])uilt for her at the back of the Chapel, ])assed the remaining nineteen years of her life in complete seclusion. The " many years of self-imposed penance '' were therefore spent in Montreal, and not at vSt. Ann's where pro- bably Mile. LeBer never went. The Chapel was destroyed by lire in 1708, and the present Church of Notre-Dame de Pitie is the second which has since been erected on the same spot. — Vie de Mile. LeBer, Montreal, 1800. PROVINCIAL TROOPS WHICH TOOK PART IN THE CONQUEST OF CANADA. Hermes does not furnish a very clear enumera- tion of the '• Provincial " troops which took part in the conquest of Canada ; and his list of the bat- tles in which they were engaged is neither com- plete, nor altogether correct, nor even quite in harmony with his enumeration of the forces. For instance, I find that he does not name the troops that took part in the capture of Fort Duquesne, though that is given by him as one of the battles ; and PepperelPs York Kegiment, from Maine, could y 1 ' I - 28 - soareely have taken part in any of the battles named, as it was (li8])anded in 1*748. It may be noted that the battle of Carillon was fought on the 8th of July, and not on the 5th as stated by Hermes and others. No Provincial troops, except a few Rangers, were present at the battle of the Plains of Abraham or of St. Foy. The following lists of troops and of battles have been compiled from the New- York Colonial Docu- ments and other authentic sources. The second list still leaves a good deal to be desired ; but some one else may be al)le to supply the missing names and form a perfect record. Bati/es. Monongahela July 0, 1*755 Lake George Sept. 8, " Oswego Aug. 11, 1756. Sabbath Day Point July 26, 1*757. Fort Creorge Aug. 9, " Fall of Louisbourg June 26, 1758. Carillon July 8, " Fort Frontenac Aug. 25, " Fort Duquesne Nov. 24, " Ticonderoga July 22, 1759. Fort Niagara " 24, " Beauport Flats " 31, " Plains of Abraham Sept. 13, " St. Foy Apr. 28, 1760. Surrender of Montreal Sept. 8, " Provincial Troops. The Provincial regiments were usiially named after their commanding officers, and those which of the battles >f Carillon was t on the 5th as ft'w Kanrrers, 1 lis of Abraham 1 Maine : — I Massachusetts : )f battles have 1 Colonial Docu- 1 The second 1 desired; but 1 ^ the missing- 1 r 1*755 t. 8 u Ml, 1756. ^26, 1757. • 9, (( i26. 1758. 8, (( 25, K 24, (( 22, 1759. 24, (( 31, (i 13, li 28,. 1760. 8, 11 illy named lose which took part in the battles on the foregoino- \ist were as follows : Connecticut :— 1st, or Lyman's. 2nd, or Whitney's. Fitch's. "VVorster's, Waldo's. 1st, or Kug-j^les'. 2nd, or Tit(-omb's. 3rd, or William's. Bagley's. Tartridne's. Preble's. Whitcoml)'s. Wi Hard's. Blanchard's. Gotl'e's. Johnston's. Parker's. Hchuyler's. IJe Lancey's. Douty's. 3rd, or Woodhull's. Johnson's. Babcock's. Harris'. There were also several corps of Hangers, and, at Fort Duquesne, troops from Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. LIEUTENANT GOVEKNOIi.s OF UUEBEC. Fifteen questions on diflicult points of Canadian history appeared in the Qia'bec Mumin^ Chromc/e in June 1870, and two prizes were ofl'ered by Count New Hampshire : — New Jersey : — New York :— Khode Island : — -30 — I I I de Prpmio Roal for tho p^reatest numbor of correct answers. The prizes were awarded to Dr. N. E. Dioiuie, of Quel)Cc,who, allhoufth he has thrown no new lij^ht on the subjects of the questions, has since publish- ed a pamphlet containini^ the result of his re- searches, including his answer to this question : " (Jive the names of all the Lieutenant Governors of Quebec and Claspe, from 17G2 to 1888." lie gives the following list of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec : Sir Guy Carleton 1700 to 1768 Frederick Haldimand 1778 178.-) Henry Hamilton 1785 178(5 Henrv Hope 178(5 1786 Sir Alured Clarke 17!» I 1793 Sir Kobert Shore Milnes 1709 180;') Sir Francis Nathaniel Burton... 1824 1825 This answer is incorrect, inasmuch as it gives the name of Frederick Haldimand, who was not Lieutenant Governor but Governor in Chief, and incomplete, because it makes no mention of Cra- mahe and Rol)ert Prescott, who were Lieutenant Governors. Besides, the dates given by Mr. Dionne indicate the period during which these persons administered the government, in the absence of the Governor General, and do not indicate the pe- riod during which they held the position of Lieu- tenant Governors. The Lieutenant-Governorship was perfectly distinct from the office of an admi- nistrator, and the two should not be confounded. ' Guy Carleton 's commission as Lieutenant Go- vernor is dated April 7, 1766, and he would appear ',-t n))or of correct I. E. Dion no, of 11 no new light i Jsiiicepuhlifsh- >ult of his re- thifs question : ant Governors to 1838." He ant Governors 70(> to 1768 77H 178") 78;') 178«; 78(5 n8(; V.n 1793 roo 180-) ^24 182o ;h as it gives who was not in Chief, and ntioii of Cra- Lieutenant Mr. Dionne hese persons ; absence of cate the pe- ion of Lieu- overnorship of an admi- onfounded. atenant Go- ould appear y 1 ! — al- io have held the olfice till Oct. 2(1, 17»!8, when he was sworn in as " Captain General and Comman- der in Chief of the Province of Que])ec." The next Lieutenant (lovernor, of whom 1 lind any record, is Cramahe and not Haldimand. "On Thursday last, the 17th instant, the members of the Hon. the Legislative Council for this Province met at the Castle of St. Louis in this City, in confor- mity to the summons issued by His Excellency the tiovernor for that purpose, when the King's commission constituting and appointing the Hon. Hector Theophilus Cramahe, Esq., Ijieutenant Governor of this Province, was read," etc. — Quebec Gazette, Aug. 24, 177'). Cramahe, having been transferred to the lieu- tenant-governorship of Detroit,, was succeeded, between 1780 and 1784, by Henry Hamilton, who in turn was replaced by Henry Hope in 1785. Hope died on the 13th April 1789, and was fol- lowed by Lieutenant Governors Alured Clarke (1790 to l79o), Robert Prescott (1790 to 1799), and Robert Shore Milnes (1800 to 1807). The last of these Lieutenant Governors of Que- bec was Francis Nathaniel Burton, who was a])- pointedNov. 29, 1808, and held the sinecure till his death at Bath, in England, on the 27th Jan. 1832. In connection with this subject of Lieutenant Governors, it has occurred to me that a list of the French and English Governors of Canada may prove acceptable, and in the appendix to these notes will be found one which I had compiled for J I ' I I !■: my own use. I havt; ciidca voted to nuik*' ii more (l('tiiil«'(l iiiul jutunit*' tliaii any wliich 1 have yet sciMi, and thii dales ore in «'voiy instance derived from trustwonliy sources, such as the Jiflaiiotis and Jon rual. oi the Jesuils, the Nar York Colonitil DonnncH/s, the Qinhcc (inzcllc and MtrcKrij, and tliu OlIHul dazelle. In the list ol" iM-ench Clovernors Hu're are several dates wanting ; but it is nevi'rth(dess puldished without these, in the hoi)e that other IViends ol' Canadian History may ])e able to complete it. With relerenct^ to the I'hit^lish (iovernors, it should be noted that althoug'h Amherst is usually placed lirst on the list, it is well known that ai'ter the capitulation oi' Montreal he divided the pro- vince into three governments or districts, to each ol' which he appointed a (rovernor, and that he himsel.*' very shortly alterwards left the country and did not return. The (iovernors of these thre(> districts, during what is commonly called the period of military rule, from Sep. 8, 1700, to Aug. 10. 1104, were as follows : — District of Quebec, Clen. James Murray... Sep. 1700 to Aug. 1704. District of Three Ivivers, Col. lialph Ihirton Sep. 1700 to May 1702. Col. Fred.Haldimand.May 1702 to Mar. 1708. Col. Kalph Burton Mar. 1708 to Oct. 1708. Col. Fred. Ilaldimand.Oct. 1708 to Aug. 1704. District of Montreal, Gen. Thomas Gage Sep. 1700 to Oct. 1708. Col. Kalph Burton Oct. 1708 to Aug. 1704. ) make it ni<)r»> licli 1 liavo yt't stiiiu'O derived s (lie JMiitiot/s w York Colonial h'trun/, and (lie lu'ie are several lesN imhlished ther Irieiids ol' )inplete it. Governors, it lerst is usually own that after vided the pro- striets, to each r, and that he 't the country ot'theso thret^ ly called the 1700, to Any. Aug". 1704. ^lay 1702. \rar. 1708. )et. 170:5. ug. 1704. l)ct. 1708. A\g. 1704. APPENDIX A. Kxtriiit from title {litre] erecting tlu- narony of Loiigiii'iiil, tinted at Villi- Miirif lOlh July ltJ7«. " Est eomparupardevant nous," Duihesneau, th(^ Inteiulant "Charles Lomoyne, Eeuyer, sieur de Longueuil, lequel nous a remontre qu'il est en possession d'une terre en lief et seigneurie appellee I^ngueuil, sietuee en la cote |du sud sur le bord du grand lleuve St. Laurent, vis-a-vis de cette ville de Ville-Marie, contenant deux lieues ou environ do terre de front, tenant d'un coste uux terres du Sr. de Varennes, et d'autre a celles de la seigneurie de la Prairie de la Magdelaine, laquelle lui a este donnee et concedee avec I'lsle appellee Ste. llelc- ne, et I'islet rond et autres isles, islets et hastures adjacentes de la dite seigneurie, sfavoir : par le Sr. de Lauzon de laCitiere, le nombre de cinquante arpens de terre de front sur cent de profondeur, en lief et seigneurie, avee tons droits de haute, moy- enne et basse justice, a la charge de la foy et hom- mage,... par titre en date du vingt-quatrieme sep- tembre mil-six-cent-cinquante-sept ; par le sieur de Lauzon Charny, les dites isles de Ste. llelene et islet rond, par billet de luy signe, en date du trentieme may mil-six-eent-soixante-et-quatre, aux iharges qu'il plairoit au sieur de Lauzon y appo- ser, ensuite de quoy le dit sieur de Lauzon comme tuteur, et ayant la garde noble des enfans mineurs de feu sieur de Lauzon, grand seuechal de ce pays, - 34 — aiiquel appartonoit la soigneuiie de la Citier", auroit doiiiie et coin't-de au dit sieur Lomoyne les dites isles de 8te. llelcne et islet roiid, pour par luy en jouir en fief,.,, par titre datte a Paris le vingtieme mars mil-six-cent-soixante-et-cinq, signe de Laiizon, et toiitresijirnt' .Teanville." APPENDIX H. 1/ (JENERAL ORDEKS. » . - Adjutant G-p:nekal's Office, Quebec, 8tii February 1813. Ills Excellency Lieut. General Sir George Prevost, Bart. Governor in Chief and Commander of the Forces in British North America, having seen in the Boston Gazette of the 28th January last, a publication purporting to be a copy of a General Order issued by the American Govern- ment, in the following terms, namely : " Adjutant General's Office," " Washington City, 18th Jan. 1813." " General Orders." " The following Olficers of the Army and Mili- tia of the United States, made prisoners of War at Detroit, Queenston and elsewhere, have been duly exchanged for the Officers, non-commissioned Offi- cers, Drummers and Privates, taken on board his de la Citior", ir Lomoyne les rond, pour par atte a Paris le e-et-einq, signe ixiuii Office, February 1813. .\L Sir George nd Commander merica, having 28th January 36 a copy of a erican Govern- y : oral's Office," th Jan. 1813." my and Mili- iiers of War at aye been duly nissioned Offi- on board his • — 35 — Britannic Majesty's Transport Samuel and Sarah, on the 11th day of July 1812, viz. Brigadier Gene- ral William Hull, Colonel Duncan Mc Arthur, James Fundly, and Lewis Cass ; Lieutenant Colonels James Miller, John R. Fen wick, Winfield Scott, and John Christie ; Major James Taylor ; Captain Nathan Ileald, John Whistler, Henry B. Brevoort, Josiah Snelling, Robert Lucas, Abraham F. Hull, Peter Ogilvie, William King, Joel Cook, and Re- turn B. Brown ; First Lieutenant Charles Larrabe ; Second Lieutenants James Dalliba and Daniel Hugunin : And each and all of the aforesaid offi- cers are hereby declared exchanged, and as free to act against the united Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the dependencies thereof, as if they had never been captured." " By order of the Secretary of War." "T. n. Cushing. Adjutant Genl." His Excellency considers himself called upon in the most public manner, to protest against the pretended release of the above named Officers from their Parole of Honor, given under their hands while Prisoners of War. His Excellency having expressly refused to accede to the exchange of the officers above named, as proposed to him by Major Gene- ral Dearborn in his Letter of the 2Gth Dec. and 2d. Jan. last under the authority of the American Government, upon the identical terms contained in the Order of the 18th of January before referred to. His Excellency feels himself compelled hereby to declare, that he still considers those officers as 3fi — i ! i /'- Prisoners of War, on their I'arole, and (hat should the late of war again place any of them at the dis- posal of the British Government, before a regular and ratified Exchange of them takes place, they will be deemed to have broken their Parole, and to be thereby subject 11 the consequences sanc- tioned by the establi cases. d usage of "War in the like The detachment of the 1st Kegiment, or Royal Scots captured by the IT. S. frigate the Essex, on board the Samuel and Sarah Transjiort, who are stated in the said Order of the 18th of January to have been duly exchanged for the officers of the American Army therein mentioned, had been pre- viously, as far back as the month of September last, regularly exchanged for the Crew of the U. S. Sloop Nautilus, and a sufficient number of other Seamen belonging to the U. S. Navy, as appears by an official communication to His Excellency of the 7th of September last, from His Excellency I^ieut. Genl. Sir .T. C. Sherbrooke, K. B., command- ing the forces in Nova Scotia, confirmed by a Let- ter from Mr. Mitchell, the American Agent of Pri- soners at Halifax, to the Honble James Monroe, American Secretary of State, dated the 23rd of November last, transmitted to His Excellency by Major Genl. Dearborn, in his Letter of the 2d of January last. The release of the said detachment l)y such Exchange, was published in General Or- ders on the 29th September last, at Montreal, and also commvinicated to Major Genl. Dearborn, in His Excellency's Letter of the 11th of January and Ihat should thorn at the dis- >eibre a regular ikes place, they eir I'arole, and sequences sane- War in the like ment, or Koyal the Essex, on sport, who are of January to officers of the had been pre- of »September 3w of the U. S. mber of other y, as ajDpears Excellency of is Excellency B., command- ned by a Let- Agent of Pri- mes Monroe, the 23rd of Excellency by of the 2d of I detachment I General Or- lontreal, and Dearborn, in of January — Ti - last, as the ground of his refusal to accede to the before mentioned proposal of that Officer. Adwd. Baynks, Adj. aenl. North America. APPEiNDIX C. Incorporatid Town.s in Ontario down to 1S4.-. Hamilton, 3 Wm. IV, ch. 17 Feb. 13, 1833 Toronto, (Citv^ 4 Wm T\r « oo Belleville, Cornwall, Port Hope, Prescott, Cobourg, Picton, Kingston, London, Niagara, St. Catherines, 8 4 Wm. TV, " 23 Mar. 18.84 «« " 24 11 (1 '• " 25 a (( ■ " " 20 a u " " 27 i( (( 7 Wm. IV, ch. 42 Mar. 4, 1837. " 44 (( u 1 Victoria, " 27 Mar. 0, 1838, 3 " " .81 Feb. 10, 1840. 8 " " 02 Mar. 29, 184o. 8 " " 03 n (( APPENDI.X D. Kxtract^from a " .r.):irnal of the most romarkablo o'crronccN in (^u- hvc, from the 14tli of NovemlnT 1775, („ ,h,. 7th „f M^.y 177(;. l'>y an Officer of the (rarrison." Jany 22, 177r,.-Wind N. E. drifty, cloudy,, not cold. A})out two this morning some hous.'.s in St. — 38 — Hoc were set on fire. A quantity of rum and molasses has lain in Mr. IJrummond's distillery until now ; part of it was got in to-day — the fire may spread that way. Jany 24. — Mild fine weather, wind S. W. Firing at the guard-he use in St. Hoc. Rum and molasses brought into town. March 1. — Cold N. AY. wind. The voluntary picquet very strong last night. Some people seen on the other side St. Charles river, opposite to Mr. Drummond's distillery ; we fired the 24 pounder behind the Hotel Dieu at them. About seven o'clock in the evening, a house under that gun was perceived to be on fire in the roof ; it burnt in a short time to the ground ; some think that the wadding fell on the roof ; others imagine the re- bels may have set it on fire, in hopes that the flames would spread to the distillery, from thence to the picquets above, and so to Montcalm's house, from thence the conflagration would become general." APPENDIX K. From the QiiebL-c (i.izette of Thursday, .jili Se;)t. 1798. From an ardent desire of promoting the happi- ness and prosperity of his Majesty's faithful sub- jects of this Province, and from the experience of the many and great advantages that have been received from the Sunday Schools in England, un- ' of rum and lid's distillery )-day — the fire d S. W. Firing and molasses 'he voluntary ne people seen pposite to Mr. le 24 pounder About seven ider that gun roof; it burnt think that the lagiiie the re- chat the flames thence to the 's house, from me general." — 30 — der the patronage of the Nobility and Royal Fa- mily ; his Royal Highness Trince Edward has been pleased strongly to recommend to the Sub- scriber to open a Sunday Free School for the benefit of all those of every description, who are desirous of acquiring the necessary and useful Branches of Education, and will conform to the Rules and Re- gulations that will be made for that purpose. The said Free School will therefore be opened the first Sunday in the next month, under the Patronage and Directions of his Royal Highness, from the hours of ten to throe during the "Winter season. And the Public may depend on every exertion on the part of the Subscriber, in order to meet in every respect his Royal Highnesses bene- volent intentions. The Subscriber requests those who wish to at- tend to give him their names as soon as possible. He may be seen every day from nine to twelve, and from two to five at the Academy in the Bis- hop's Palace, where young people of both sexes will be taught in separate apartments all the various Branches of Literature, on terms most sui- table to their circumstances. Sept. 1793. ig the happi- faithful sub- ?xperience of t have been i^ngland, un- Jas. Tanavf.tj. Quebec, 5th Sept. 17! 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