.>^>^ ^.^-ti^^r^ *I>«I»TJ t , '-'>. UTw' m n '■''tS' s-,-*'" :f^^ MONTREAL ITS HISTORY, TO WHICH IS ADDXD ;ioiif9plti«l ^It^Mfj^j. mi\ jl{(»t(r0¥9|r(($, CF MANY OF ITS PRINCIPAL CITIZENS, Bt Rev. J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK, AcTHCR OF " Thb BRiTisn AscEUicAS Readkh," " CrCLOPBDiA OF HiaxoRr AND GEoor.APHT," " The Harp of Canaan," " Ths Battles or tue Wori-d," " Every Man's Mink of U?EFrL Knowledge," " The Elementary Geoguapuv of Canada," and " The Histoby of Scottish Sono.' Published by Drthdalb and Co., Stationers and Booksillers, St. jAMEb' Street, 1875. 3^UT 4- Entered according to Act of Parliameut in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, by Eev. J. DotroLAS Borthwick, in the office of the Minister of Agriculture and Statistics at Ottawa. S. PREFACE. In issuing this work on " Montreal and its Inhabitants," the Author feels that there are many defects in a book of this kind. In a Second Edition these may be remedied. Much assistance has been given to the Author by many gentlemen in Montreal, chief among whom are the Rev. I'Abb^ Yerreau, Prin- cipal of Jacques Cartier Normal School ; Rev. , of the Seminary of St. Sulpice, whose most interesting History of Montreal, with the origin of the names of its older streets, is inserted, with many thanks to him for his kind- ness and assistance. Mrs. Sadlier's Biographical Sketch of the late Honorable T. D. McGee, written expressly for this work, wiU be read by all with much satisfaction — a beautiful tribute from the pen of one of the most talented writers on this Continent, to the memory of a great man and a patriot. To T. S. Brown, Esq., the Author is under much obligation for valuable papers on the Manufac- tures, &c., of Montreal, during this century. To M. Edmond Lareau he is under the greatest obligations for large extracts in the biographical section of the book from his interesting work published in 1874, viz., " Histoire de la Litterature Canadienne." To all others who have aided him in any way he returns his sincere thanks. The Photographs are from the Studio of Inglis, Montreal, and every one will confess that they are truthfully taken — the whole forming a galaxy of the most prominent men of the city, past and present, in a compact and easy method of arrangement, and in a form at once unique and interesting. J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK. Montreal, May, 1875. ^ — -. '_''" MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. The success which attended the French in their discoveries in the Western "World excited the jealousy of the Kings of Spain and Portugal, to whom the Pope, according to the ecclesiasti- cal maxims of those days, had confirmed the possession of the New World. Francis, the rhen King of France, not acknowledging this right to exclude him from a share of the glories and possessions of America, and facetiously remarking that he " would fain see the article in Father Adam's wiU which bequeaths that vast inheritance to them," resolved not to be deterred from prose- cuting his discoveries. The navigator Verrazzani had given to the countries he had visited the name of La NoiiveUe France or New France, an appellation which afterwards comprehended the Canadas, Philippe Chabot, the Admiral of France, represented to the King the great advan- tage of establishing a colony in his new domi- nions, and introduced him to Jacques Quartier or Cartier, a native of St. Malo, whe had been en- gaged in the cod fisliery, as a person eminently qualified for this service. He sailed from St. Malo on the 20th of April, 1534, "with two ships of three score tons apiece burthen, and sixty-one well-appointed men in each." He reached the Island of Newfoundland in twenty days, passed through the Straits of Belleisle, traversed the Gulf of St. Lawrence, approar' 3d the Continent at the Baie des Chaleurs — which he named on account of the great heat of the summer — proceeded to Gas- p^, or Gachep^ Bay, where he erected a cross with the fleurs-de-lys of France to secure possession to his master, the King ; and persuaded two of the natives to accompany him to France, where he arrived in September of the same year. Through the influence of the Vice-admiral of France, Cartier obtained a new commission, more extensive than the former, and again sailed with three vessels, which were named the Great Hermina, the Little Hermina and the Hermerillon, on the ] 9th May, lo35. The ships having been separated in a great storm re- united on the 26th July off the coast of Newfoundland. Proceeding to the Gulf of St. Law- rence, and coasting along the north side or shore, they came on the 10th August to " a goodly great gulf, full of islands, passages and entrances towards what wind soever you please to bend." This day will be ever remembered as being St. Lawrence Day, on which Cartier entered the river, which from this day is called the River St. Lawrence. The name was afterwards extended to the whole of the gulf as well as the river. On the 15th, he discovered an island to the south which he named Assumption, in honour of the fete and day on which he discovered it. The laand is now called Anti- costi, from its Indian name of Natiscotec. Con- tinuing his course he scanned the shores on both sides of the river, and held communication with the natives, — the two Indians who had accom- panied him to France, and who were then with him on the ship, rendering great service as inter- preters. He soon entered the River Saguenay, and a few days after made the Isle aux Coudres, which he called from the excellent filberts found there. Feeling an increased interest in the voy- age he pursued it with unabated vigor, and soon reached an island which from its beauty and fer- tility, especially from the number of wild vines growing there, he named the Isle of Bacchus — now called the Island of Orleans. He was visited here by Donnacona, " the Lord of Canada." Hav- ing afterwards found a safe harbour for his vessels he moored them in the Port de St. Croix, in the River St. Charles, and was again visited by Don- nacona with 500 of his attendants, to welcome 6 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. him on his arrival in the country. The residence of this chief was at Stadacona, which occupied a portion of the space on which the " Ancient Citj ," Quebec, now stands. The discoveries hitherto made by Cartier, num- erous and surprising as they were, so far from satisfying his ambition^ served only to excite his desire for still greater achievements. As Stada- cona did not bound his curiosity, neither did it limit his progress. Having 'earned that there existed a place of much greater importance at a considerable distance up the river, he determined to advance up the stream in search of it. Neither the lateness of the season, nor the representations of those about him, could divert him from his object, and he commenced his voyage in the Her- merillon with two long boats, provisions and am- munition. The scenery on both banks of the river delighted him with its beauty, and the natives cheerfully supplied him with what they could procure to supply his necessities. The chief of the district of the Hochelai — now called the Richelieu — paid him a visit, and presented him with his son, a iine boy about seven years of age. At Lake St. Peter the party was obliged, by the shallowness of the water and their ignorance of the deeper channel, tc leave the pinnace and betake them- selves to their boots. On the second of October, 1635, they effected a landing below the site of the present city of Montreal — at Hochelaga, where he erected a cross and took possession of the land for his master, the King of France. To this day the village is styled the Cross. Here he was met by more than a thousand of the natives who received him with every demonstration of joy and hospi- tality. Cartier returned their hospitality by distri- buting amongst them such small presents as the taste and the fancy of these simple children of nature taught them to value. The next day, hav- ing obtained the services of three of the natives as guides, Cartier, with a number of his own men, entered for the first time an Indian viUage — Hochelaga — the germ or nucleus of tlie present City of Montreal. After a short stay among the people, Cartier returned to his boats and pro- ceeded down the river to winter at St. Croix. We cannot close this short account of Cartier and his voyages without inserting here the beau- tiful poem on the great navigator, from the pen of the late Hon. T. D. McGee. JACQUES CARTIER. (a.d. 1534.) I. In the seaport of St. Malo 'twas a smiling morn in May, AVhen the Commodore Jacques Cartier to the westward sail'd away; In the crowded old cathedral all the town were on their knees For the safe return of kinsmen from the undiscover'd seas ; And every autumn blast that swept o'er pinnacle and pier, Fill'd mauly hearts with sorrow, and gentle hearts with fear. u. A year pass'd o'er St. Malo — again came round the day When the Commodore Jacques Cartier to the westward sail'd away; But no tidings from the absent had come the way they went, And tearful were the vigils that many a maiden spent ; And manly hearts were fill'd with gloom, and gentle hearts with fear. When no tidings came from Cartier at the dosing of the year. But the earth is as the future, it hath its hidden side ; And the captain of St. Malo was rejoicing in his pride In the forests of the north — while his townsmen mourned his loss. He was rearing on Mount Royal thefleur-de-lys and cross ; And when two months were over, and added to the year, St. Malo hail'd him home again, cheer answering to cheer. IT. He told them of a region, hard, iron-bound, and cold. Nor seas of pearl abounded, nor mines of shining gold ; Where tLe wind from Thule freezes the word upon the lip, And the ice in spring comes sailing athwart the early ship ; He told them of the frozen scene until they thrill'd with fear. And piled fresh fuel on the hearth to make him better cheer. But when he changed the strain — he told how soon are cast In early spring the fetters that hold the waters fast ; How the winter causeway broken is drifted out to sea. And the rills and rivers sing with pride the anthem of the free ; How the magic wand of summer clad the landscape to his eyes, Like the dry bones of the just when they wake in Paradise. He told them of the Algonquin braves — the hunters of the wild, Of how the Indian mother in the forest rocks 'aer child ; Of how, poor souls, they fancy in every living thing A spirit good or evil, that claims their worshipping ; Of how they brought their sick and maim'd for him to breathe upon. And of the wonders wrought for them through the Gospel of St. John. He told them of the river , whose mighty current gave Its freshness for a hundred leagues to Ocean's briny wave ; He told them of the glorious scene presented to his sight, What time he rear'd the cross and crown on Hochelaga's height, And of the fortress cliff that keeps of Canada the key, And they welcomed b'ck Jacques Cartier from his perils o'er the sea. The present inhabitants of Montreal would find it as difficult to recognize its " local habitation " as its " name " from the following description of its ancient state. The way to the village was through large fields of Indian com. Its outline ^aa circu- MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. lar ; and it was encompassed by three separate rows of palisades, or rather picket fences, one within the other, well secured and put together. A single entrance was left in this rude fortification, but was guarded with pikes and stakes, and every precaution taken against siege or attack. The cabins or lodges of the inhabitants, about fifty in number, were constructed in the form of a tunnel, each fifty feet in length by fifteen in breadth. They were formed of wood, covered with bark. Above the doors of these houses, as well as along the outer rows of palisades, ran a gallery, ascended by ladders, where stones and other missiles were ranged in order for the defence of the place. Each house contained several chambers, and the whole were so arranged as to enclose an open court yard where the fire was made. The inhabitants be- longed to the Huron tribe, and appear to have been more civilized than their neighbours. Being devoted to husbandry and fishing, they seldom wandered from their station. They received the Frenchmen with courtesy, feasted them after the manner of their tribe, and presents were recipro- cally exchanged. The sight of the Europeans struck them with astonishment: their fire-arms, their trumpets, their dress, their long beards (fashionable in that age), were all sources of won- der and conjecture to the natives. They constantly interrogated their guests, who on their part were also desirous of learning all they could ; but as neither party could understand the language of the other, and as they could only converse through the medium of si^us, verv Mttle information was received or imparted. Having seen all that he deemed worthy of notice in the city, Cartier proceeded to examine the mountain in its vicinity. It was even then, accord- ing to his account, tilled all around and remark- able for its fertility. He was particularly en- chanted with the magnificent and beautiful view presented to him from the summits of its eastern promontory ; and so splendid a panorama of "thirty leagues" radius must have given him a lofty and gratifying idea of the country he had been explor- ing. In honour of the King, his master, he gave to the elevation the name Mount Royal, which, with a singular change in its terminatioual adjec- tive, has been since extended to the city itself, and to the whole of the Island and District in which it is situated. When the change took place does not appear. •- — A great multitude of the inhabitants accompani- ed him to his boats, and even assisted such of his men as they perceived to be fatigued with their march, by carrying them upon their shoulders; appearing to be grieved with the shortness of their stay, and following their course along the banks of the river. On the 1 1th of October they re- joined their companions at St. Croix, were again visited by Donnacona, whom Cartier seized with the interpreters, and two of the chief inhabitants, and carried them with him on his return to France the ensuing spring. Cartier again sailed for France on the 23rd of May, 1541, with five vessels, and full powers to make discoveries and settlements in Canada. After this Cartier made no subsequent voyage to Canada; but died soon after his return to France having sacrificed his fortune in the cause of dis- covery. Samuel Champlain was a native of Saintonge, and acquired, by three years service in the West Indies, as a Captain in the Navy, a reputation for bravery and skill. His personal qualities, his fine talents, his comprehensive views, animated by energy and patriotism, peculiarly fitted him for the office to which he was appointed ; and enabled him, after many years of inefft^ctual effort on the part of those who went before him, to place the affairs of the colony in a more prosperous condition than had been previously known. He first sailed with Pontgrav6 in 1603, and, leaving their vessels at Tadousac, they ascended in a lighter boat as far as Sault St. Louis. The situation of Quebec even then appeared to him a most eligible site for a future colony; but he did not visit the Indian settlement of Hochelaga, which appears to have dwindled from the comparative importance it possessed when visited by Cartier in 1535, to a place of no moment; indeed, according to another account, "the village of Hochelaga was now no more." Several Priests from France arrived in Canada, and were settled at Quebec, for tiie purpose of propagating the Roman Catholic religion among the Indians in the colony ; and tliough several of them returned to their native land on the cession of tlie country to the Englisii, through the conquest of the country by Sir David Kirke, they came back to Canada when the French had regained possession of it, for the purpose of resuming tiieir labours. By these first missionaries it was soon 8 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. perceived tliat the occ upation and defence of the Island of Montreal, was an object of the greatest hnportance, rendered indeed imperative, if they wished to retain their authority in the Island, by the wars of the Iroquois ; but the Company were unwiUing to second theii' views in this respect. It fell, therefore, to the lot of private individuals to accomplish this design. Several persons in France, powerful from their connections and full of religious zeal, formed themselves into a Society consisting of thirty-five members, for the purpose of colonizing the Island. It was proposed that a French village should be established, and be well fortified to resist a sudden irruption of the natives ; that the poorer class of emigrants should there find an asylum and employment, and the rest of the Island be occupied by such friendly tribes of Indians as had embraced Christianity, or wished to receive religious instruction ; and it was hoped that in time the sons of the forest might become accustomed to civilized life, and subsist by culti- vating the earth. The greater part of the Island had been granted to Messrs. Charrier and Le Royer ; but whether disposed of by them, or for- feited to the Crown, does not appear from any official record that has been preserved. The king, however, ceded the whole of it, in 1640, to the Association, who took formal possession of it at the conclusion of a grand mass which was celebrat- ed on the occasion in a tent. The following year M. de Maisonneuve, one of the associates, brought out several families from France, and was appoint- ed Governor of the Island. On the 17th of May, 1G42, the spot destined for the city was conse- crated by the Superior of the Jesuits, who also dedicated a small chapel, hastily constructed, in which he deposited the host. This ceremony had been preceded, three months before, by a similar one in Paris, where all the associates went together to the church of Notre Dame ; those of them who were priests officiated, and aU of them supplicated the " Queen of Angels " to take the Island under her protection. The ceremony, at Montreal, was celebrated on the 15th of August, the day observed by the Romish Church in honour of the Assump- tion of the Blessed Virgin Mary ; a great number both of French and Indians were present, and no- thing was omitted which it was supposed would give to the natives a loft_,- idea of the Christian religion. Thus ' a few houses," as Bouchette observes, "built close together in the year 1640, on the site of the Indian village of Hochelaga, was the commencement of the city of Montreal, or, as it was first named, Ville Marie." On the evening of this memorable day, Maison- neuve visited tho Mountain. Two old Indians who accompanied him, having conducted him to the summit, told him that they belonged to the nation which had formerly occupied the country he beheld. " We were," said they, " a numerous people, and all the hills which you see to the East and to the South were peopled by us. The Hurons drove from thence our ancestors, some of whom took refuge with the Abenaquis, some with the Iroquois, and some remained with their conquer- ors." The Governor urged the old men to invite their brethren to return to tlieir hunting grounds, assuring them that they should want for nothing, and that he would protect them from every attack of their enemies. They promised to do so ; but it does not appear that they were successful. This incident, in conjunction with the prospect before and around him, might well awaken feelings of no ordinary interest in the bosom of the Governor. The unbounded tract that opened itself to his view, discovered to him dark, thick, and deep forests, whose height alone was a proof of their antiquity. Numberless large rivers came down from a considerable distance to water these im- mense regions. Everything in this rude part of the New World appeared grand and sublime. Nature here displayed such luxuriancy and majesty as commanded veneration, and a thousand wild graces far more striking than the artificial beauties of European climates. In the year 1644, the whole of this beautiful domain becanw the property of the St. Sulpicians at Paris, and was by them afterwards conveyed to the Seminary of the same order at Montreal, in whose possession it still remains. In a journal kept by the Jesuits, of the affairs of the colony, there is an account of the price of commodities, which affords some points of com- parison that may be interesting to the reader. It is stated that wood for fuel was this year, 1647, publicly sold: the price was one shilling and three pence, Halifiix currency, per cord. The price of bread was fixed at seven pence halfpenny for a loaf of six pounds weight. The price of labour was one shilling and three pence per day, exclusive of board and lodging. A servant's wages were, by the year, four pounds three shillings and four MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 9 pence, and a pair of shoes. Eels were sold in the market for one farthing per hundred: 40,000 had been taken tliat year <'roni August to November. The prosperity of the City and the Island of Montreal continued to increase. As earl}' as the year 1657, a large part of this property, even at that period valuable, was cleared and settled, under the direction of the Abb6 Queylus, who had arrived from France, with authority from the Seminary in Paris for that and other purposes essentially connected with the welfare of the Pro- vince. Among other im'-^ortant services, he founded the Seminary of St. Sulpioe at lEontreal for the con- version of the Indians, and for promoting the settle- ment of the whole domain. As soon as the mem- bers of tlie order residing here had taken possession ■ of tlieir property, they forwarded the design of establishing a hospital for the sick, in wliich they were assisted by munificent donations from several pereons in France. In 1G62, the Seminary was enlarged by fui-tlicr endowments, for the purpose of providing a sufficient number of young men for the priesthood, and of supplying the new parishes with curds. In lG74t'!e whole French population, including converted Indians, did not exceed eight thousand ; but, by the aid of their native allies, whom they were more expert in conciliating, they for many years maintained their position, and even gained upon their less skilful but persevering neigh- bours. The peace of Utrecht took place in 17C3, and Vaudreuil availed himself of it to strengtiien the fortifications of Quebec and Montreal. Tlie popu- lation of the former city, in 1720, was 7,000, f- and that of Montreal 3,000. Ten years of peace very much impro\ed the trade and resources of Canada : nineteen vessels cleared from Quebec in 1723, and six merchant siiips and two men of war were built in the colony during this period. The year 1759 is, and ever will be, memorable in the annals if Canada. The French, perceiving that the English were in earnest in their designs upon it, sent strong reinforcements to their garri- sons. The campaign opened with great vigour. Canada was to be invaded at three different points under Generals of iiigh talent- The forces intended to act against Quebec were under the command of the heroic General Wolfe, who had taken Fort ■ Louisburg and subdued the Island of Cape Breton the preceding year. Wolfe's army, amounting to about 8000 men, was conveyed to the vicinity of Quebec by a fleet of vessels of war and transports commanded by Admiral Saunders, and landed in two divisions on the Isle of Orleans the 27th of June. The French commander, Montcalm, made vigorous preparations for defence. He arranged his army of about 12,000 men between the river of St. Clu-rles and tlie Falls of Montmorenci, to ojipose tiie landing of the British forces, which, in their attack upon his entrenchment8,were repulsed. Wolfe at first doubted from this failure whether any thing could be effected in the present season ; but afterwards, rousing his brave and ardent spirit, and calling a council of war, he resolved upon the bold and hazardous enterprise of ascending the heights of Abraham, and attacking the city in that direction. The plan was executed with admirable skill and determination. The result is well known; the chiefs on both sides fell, and left behind Ukmu honourable names. Wolfe died on the field of battle, in the arms of victory ; and Jlontcalm in the city, to which he had been carried, tliankful that he should not live to see the surrender of the place. The battle on the Plains of Abraham was fought on the 13th of September, 1759; and five days afterwards, on the ISth, Quebec surrendered to the British arms. The details of this memor- able exploit belong to the history of that city, but the glory of it will remain to distant ages, and every Briton especially, on looking back to the Ministry whicli projected and tlie General wiio achieved it, will reflect with delight, "That Chatham's language was his mother tongue, And Wolfe's great name compatriot with his own." In the following spring the French army wiiich had been collected in the neiglibourhood of Mon- treal, under the command of the Chevalier de Levi, marched to Quebec for the pui-pose of attack- ing and regaining it ; but without success. A re- inforcement from England arrived just in time to save the city ; and de Levi broke up his camp, and retired with precipitation towards Montreal. Vaudreuil, the Governor, finding the whole of the Canadas in danger, detennined to take his last stand on behalf of French dominion, in this city ; and hither he called in all his detachments, and concentrated his remaining strength. He enlarged the fortifications for the defence of the town, and converted sloops into armed vessels. Meantime General Murray, with as many troops as could be spared from Quebec, advanced towards the point 10 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. of attack, notwithstanding the obstructions which the enemy threw in the way of his progress up the river ; and General Amherst with the army from Oswego, approached in an opposite direction : both armies took post near the city on the same day, September 6, 1760. Colonel Haviland, with a strong detachment, lay on the south shore of tlie St. Lawrence, opposite to Montreal. Vaudreuil, perceivingthat defence was hopeless, on the morn- ing of the 7th proposed terms of capitulation ; and on the 8th, the city surrendered, and was t.aken possession of by the British troops in the name of his Britannic Majesty. A few days afterwards, the French troops were sent down to Quebec, and thence to France, not to serve again during the war. Thus was the last, decisive act in the con- quest of Canada performed without firing a gun, or shedding blood. The terms on which the city was surrendered to the British were expressed in fifty -five articles, of which the most important were the following : That immediately after signing the capitulation, the English troops should take possession of the gates of Montreal ; tiiat the French should lay down their arms, and not serve during the war, but should go out by the gate of Quebec with all the honours of war ; that the militia should return to their homes without being molested ; that the Marquis Vaudreuil should not be obliged to leave the city before a certain day, and no person to lodge in his house till he left it ; tliat tiie most convenient vessel that could be found should be appointed to carry ti' Marquis to France ; that two siiips should carry the Ciievalier de Levi, the principal officers, &c., provided the officers should faithfully deliver up all the charts and plans of the country ; that the free exercise of the Catholic and Roman Religion shall remain entire ; that the Chapter, Priests, Curates, and Missionaries should retain a perfect liberty to exercise the functions of their cur^s in the parishes of the towns and coun- tries; that the communities of Nuns should be preserved in their constitution and privileges, should continue to observe their rules, be exempt- ed from lodging any military, and not be inter- rupted in their religious exercises, for wliich pur- pose safeguards should be given them, if desired ; that all the communities and all the priests should preserve their moveables, tiie property and reve- nues of the seigniories, tind all otlier estates which they possessed in the Colony, of what nature so- ever they might be, and the same estates siiould be preserved in their privileges, rights, honours and exemptions ; that all classes should preserve the entire peaceable property and possession of their goods, moveable and immoveable, merchan- dizes, furs, and other effects ; that the archives of the Supreme Council of Quebec, and of the whole royal jurisdiction of the country, should remain in the Colony ; and that care should be taken that none of the Indians should insult any of the sub- jects of tlie French King. The form of taking possession was as follows : The capitulation having been signed at break of day, the troops marched into the town in the fol- lowing order — 1st. A twelve pounder, with a flag, and a detachment of the Royal Artillery, com- manded by Colonel Haldiman ; 2. Grenadiers of the line, by Colonel Massey ; 3. Light Infantry, by Colonel Amherst ; each party preceded by a band of music. The eldest Ensigu in General Amherst's army attended to receive the colours of the French regiments. Having thus obtained peaceable possession of this important city, and brought the war in Canada to a happy termination, the General on the next day, tiie 9tli of September, issued the following Genernl Orders, which, as they formed thefirst public document promulgated in the name of Great Britain over her newly ac- quired territories, cannot fail to be j^erused with interest, and are worthy of being preserved in a sketch of Canadian history : — " Camp before Montreal, September 9, 17G0. Parole, — Kino George, — and Canai a. The General sees, with infinite jileasure, the suc- cess that lias crowned the indefatigable efforts of His Majesty's troops and faitufu' subjects in America. The Mi>rquis de Vaudreuil h:is capi- tulated ; the troops of France in Canivda have laid down their arms, and are not to serve dur- ing the war ; the whole country submits to the dominion of Great Britain. The three armies are entitled to the General's thanks on this occa- sion ; and he assures them that he will take the opportunity of acquainting His Majesty with the zeal and bravery which has always been exerted by the officers and soldiers of the regulars and provincial troops, and also by his faithful Indian allies. The General is confident, that when the troops are informed tliat the country is the King's, they will not disgrace themselves by the MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 11 least appearance of inhumanity, or by unsoldier- like behaviour, in taking any plunder, more es- pecially as the Canadians become now good sub- jects, and will feel the good eflect of His Majesty's protection." On a review of this expedition, which brought such an immense accession of territory and of power to Britain, it is singularly delightful to re- flect upon the comparatively slight effusion of blood and destruction of life which attended its progress. Montreal, the last important post, we have seen surrendered without a blow. The humanity with wiiich General Amherst treated the conquered, both French and Indians, added a high lustre to his conquest ; and Sir William Joiinson deserves to be spoken of in terms of equal coin- mendation, with reference to the scenes in which he was engaged. At the time of its surrender, Montreal was well peopled : it was of an oblong form, surrounded by a wall, flanked with eleven redoubts which served instead of bastions. The ditch was about eight feet deep, and of a proportionable breadth, but dry ; it had also a fort or citadel, the batteries of which commanded the streets of the town from one end to the other. The plan of the city, as it existed in 175S, while in possession of the French, and which has been copied and reduced from one published at the time, will shewthese particulars very distinctly. It should be recollected, however, that Vaudreuil made some additions to the fortification in the prospect of an attack by the British forces. The town itself was divided into two pari^*, the upper and tlie lower. In the lower, the merchants and meii of business generally resided ; and here also were the place of arms, tlie royal magazines, and tiie Nunnery Hospital. Tlie principal buiklmgs, however, were in the Upper Town, such as the palace of the Governor, the houses of the ciiief offi- cers, the Convent of tlie Recollets, tlie Jesuits' Church and Seminary, tlie Free School, and the Parisli Church. The Recollets were numerous, and their buihlings spacious. The house of the Jesuits was inaguificent, and their chun^h well- built, tiiough their seminary was but small. Sev- eral private houses in ilontreal, even at this time, made a noble appearance, and the Governor's pal- ace was a large tine building. The neighbourhood of the city contained many elegant villas ; and all the known vegetables of Europe were cultivated in the gardens attached to them. By the terms of capitulation, which, under all the circumstances, were favourable to the con- quered, not only the city and Island of Montreal, but the whole of the French possessions on the North American continent were surrendered *o the British crown. Tile inten'al between the capture of Montreal, and the formal surrender of all the French posses- sions in America to the British crown, was em- ployed by General Amherst in securing his con- quests, and improving the condition of tiie inhabi- tants. He established a military government for the preservation of tranquility, and divided the country into three districts, — Quebec, Three Rivers, and Montreal, placing General Gage at the head of the lasto Under the English Government somestanding evils were at once removed and mitigated ; and the people in general were gratified with the change. To shew their sense of the benefits resulting from it, even at an early period, it may be sufticient to quote tlie address which was presented to the Governor on the death of George the Second towardsthe close of the year 1700. All the French in Canada, of any distinction, went into mourning on the occasion. " The Address of the Officers of the Militia, AND THE MeKCHAMTS OF MONTREAL, TO GENE- RAL GAGE, Governor of that place. " Cruel destiny then has cut short the glorious days of so great and magnanimous a Monarcli. We are come to pour out our grief into the paternal bosom of your Excellency ; the sole tribute of gratitude of a people who will never cease to exult in the mildness and moderation of their new mas- ters. Tiie General who conquered us has treated us more like victors tlian vanquished ; and has left us a precious pledge [tiie meaning of Gage, in French] by name and deed of his goodness to us. What acknowledgements are we not bound to make for so many favours ? They shall be for ever engraved on our hearts in iiidelible charac- ters- We entreat your Excellency to continue to us the honour of your protection. We will endea- vour to deserve it by our zeal, and the earnest prayers we shall oflt>r up to the Almighty Being lor your health and preservation." liotli tl.e city and the island of Montreal partook of the benefits to which a return of peace, mid improved institutions, were directly favourable; yet not without some checks and interruptions. 12 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. On Saturday the ISth of May, 1765, a fire broke out in the city, which in a few hours destroyed lOS houses and reduced 215 families to the great- est distress. A very interesting pamphlet, drawn up by a benevolent individual, was printed in Lon- don on this occasion, and circulated freely in be- half of the sufferers. A considerable sum was raised in England, and forwarded towards their relief. The population of Montreal at this period was about seven thousand. On the 11th of April, 17G8, another fire broke out in the stable of one of the sufferers in the late conflagration, in the upper town ; it soon reached the adjoining houses, and raged with incredible fury over that part of the town till five o'clock the next morning, when it partially subsided, but not until it had consumed ninety houses, two churches, and a large charity scliool. Tile sufferers lost nearly the whole of their effects, eitiier by the fire or by theft. The number thus reduced to poverty was very great, many of them having been burnt out at the last fire. Nothing particular affecting the city of Montreal occurred after this for several yeare ; its iniiabi- tants continued to increase and to prosjier. The tranquil state of Montreal for some years previous to the peace with the United States in 1783, and the activity that prevailed afterwards, were favourable to the interest of the city, which from that period has been gradually increasing both in extent and importance. An interval of thirty-six years of security was well improved ; agriculture was extended ; trade, in all its depart- ments, flourished with a rapidity beforp unexam- pled ; the Fur trade, especially, which always found its safest and most valuable depot in Jlont- real, was resumed with a spirit and enterprise of the most promising character, and an influx of emigration to tlie city and the surrounding coun- try took place, which was truly astonisliing. His late JIajesty King William IV. visited Can- ada in the year 17S7. He was then in command of the PcgasKS, 2S guns, one of tlie squadron un- der the command of Commodore Sawyer. He landed at Quebec on the 14th of August ; and on the Stb of September niitde his entrance into Jlont- real, where, as Prince William Henry, he was received and entertained with all the honours due to liis illustrious rank. On liis return, having lauded and passed sometime at Sorel, he sanctioned the alteration of the name of that village to his own, William Henry. On the 10th of October he sailed from Quebec in his own ship. In the }ear 1S12, w^arwas declared by the Uni- ted States against Great Britain, and Canada was threatened witli invasion. Peace was concluded on the 24th of December, 1814, and proclaimed at Washington and Quebec in February and March of the following year. The inhabitants of Mont- real once more laid aside their martial implements and habits for the more congenial pursuits of in- dustry and commerce. A remarkable natural phenomenon, attended with no small degree of terror to many, occurred at Montreal in the year 1819. The account of it attracted so much attention, even in Europe, as to be made the subject of an elaborate Essay read be- fore the Pliniau Society of Edinburgh. The Asiatic Cholera, the most fearful form of pes- tilence in modern times, after extending its ravages from India through various parts of Europe, made its appearance in Canada in the early part of June 1832. It first visited Quebec ; and very shortly afterwards, Montreal, diffusing consternation and dismay among all orders of the inhabitants. Many of them fled from the city, strangers were afraid to approach it, business was at a stand, and every one was either expecting his own death, or fearing to hear tiiat his friends and relations had been seized by the destroyer. The following table of Weekly Ectums of (\eaihs by cholera in Montreal, will sliow the malignant character of the disease, as it prevailed here : Week ending VeatKt. June 16, 1832 261 — 23, 632 — 30, 1G6 July 7, 94 — 14, 61 — 21, 70 — 28, 131 Aug. 4, 136 — 11, 101 — 18, 79 — 25, 68 Sept. 1, 54 — 8 32 — 15, 13 — 21, _6_ Total 1904 The greatest mortality was observed to occur about the middle of June; on the 19th the burials amounted to tlie extraordinary number of 149. The whole number of cii-ses to tlie last date in the table was 4420, so that considerably more than MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 13 one-third of the seizures proved fatal : three out of seven will give nearly the ratio. After this period but few cases occurred, the pestilence gradually declined, and in the beginning of the following mouth totally disappeared. From a calculation made at the time, it was af- firmed that a greater number of persons iiad been carried off by the Cholera in Lower Canada with a population of half a million, in three months, than in Great Britain, with fifteen millions, in six months. Two years afterwards, in 1834, the same dread- ful malady again visited the place. It did not commence so early as on the former occasion, nor was it either so violent in its character, so exten- sive in its ravages, or so productive of terror among the inhabitants at large. Some hundreds, however, fell victims to its stroke, during tlie fifty days of its continuance. When at length, by the merciful Providence of God, this awful and calamitous scourge was re- moved, the spirit of enterprise and improvement returned in ;dl its previous vigour ; and the citi- zens of Montreal were by no means backward in their efforts to increase tlie accommodations and beauty of the city and its suburbs. A better style of building prevailed. Instead of the slight frame houses, or more substantial ones of rough stone, which were formerly erected, nearly all the struc- tinx's, whetiier for private residence or mercantile stores, were fonned of hewn stones in front, and many of them displayed considerable taste. Several lines of such erections adorned various parts of the city. The harbour was improved, the streets were kept in better order, and an attention to conve- niente and comfort became far more general than at any former period. The following description of Montreal is taken from a rare and old book written by Isaac Weld, and titled, " Tmccls throngh tite States of North America and the Provinces of Upper and Louir Cantula during tJte years 1795, 90 and 97. "MoNTKEAL, July, 1797. " The town of Montreal was laid out pursuant to tlie orders of one of the kings of France ; wliich were, tliat a town sliould be built as high up tlie St. Lawrence as it were possible for vessels to go by sea. In fixing upon the spot where it stands, ins conunands were complied vvitli in tlie strictest sense. The town at present contains about twelve hundred houses, whereof five hundred only are within the walls ; the rest are in the suburbs which commence from the north, east, and west gates : the houses in ilie suburbs are mostly built of wood, but tlie others are all of stone ; none of them are elegant, but there are many very comfortable habitations. In the lower part of the town towards the river, where most of the shops stand, they have a very gloomy appearance, and look like so many prisons, being all furnished at the outside with sheet iron shutters to the doors and windows, which are regularly closed towa-ds evening, in order to guard against fire. The town has sufftjred by fire very materially at different times, and the inhabitants have such a dread. of it, that all who can afford it cover the roofs of their houses with tin plates instead of shingles. By law they are obliged to have one or more ladders, in proportion to the size of the house, always ready on the roofs. The streets are all very narrow ; three of them run parallel to the river, and these are intersected by others at right angles but not at regular dis- tances. On the side of the town fiirthest from the river and nearly between the northern and south- ern extremities tliere is a small square, called La Place D' Amies, which seems originally to have been left 0[)en to the walls on one side, and to have been intended for the military to exercise in j the troops, however, never make use of it now, but parade on a long walk behind the walls, nearer to the barracks. On the opposite side of the town, towards the water, is anotiier small scpiare where the market is held. There are six churches in Montreal ; one for I]nglish Episcopalians, one for Presbyterians, and four for Roman Catholics. The Cathedral church belonging to tlie latter, which occupies one side of L ■ Place d'Armes,is a very spacious building, and contains five altars, all very richly decorated. There are in Montreal four con- vents, one of which is of tlie Order of St. Francis ; the number of the friars, iiowever, is reduced now to two or three, and as by the laws of the province men can no longer enter into any religious onler, it will of course in a few years dwindle entirely away. In the female oniers tiiere is no restriction, and they are still well filled. The Hotel Dieu, founded as early as lol-l, for tlu; relief of the sick poor, and which is the oldest of the convents, contains thirty " religieuses," nuns ; La Congre- gation de Notre Uanie, instituted for tlu; instruction of young girls, contains filty-seveu sceurs, anotiier 14 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. sort of nuns ; L'Hopital Generale, for the accommodation of the infirm poor, contains eigh- teen sceurs. The barracks are ngreeably situated near the river, at the lower end of the town ; they are surrounded by a lofty wall, and calculated to contain about three hundred men. The walls round the town are mouldering away very fast, and in some places are totally in ruins- The gates, however, remain quite perfect. The walls were buJt principally as a defence against the Indians, by whom the country was thickly in- habited when Montreal was founded, and they were found necessary to repel the open attacks of ihese people,aslate as the year 1736. \Ybenthe largo fairs used to be held in Montreal, to which the Indians from all parts resorted with their furs, they were also found extremely useful, as the inhabitants were thereby enabled to shut out the Indians at night, who, had they been suffered to remain in the town, addicted as they are to drinking, might have been tempted to commit great outrages, and would have kept the inhabitants in a contmual state of alarm. The people of Montreal are re- markably hospitable and attentive to strangers. They are sociable also amongst themselves, and fond in the extreme of convivial amusements. In winter they keep up such a constant and -friendly intercourse with each other that it seems then as if the town were inhabited but by one large family. During summer they live somewhat more retired, but throughout that season, a club, formed of all the principal inhabitants, both male and female, meet every week or fortnight for the purpose of dining at some agreeable spot in the neighborliood of the town. The Island of Montreal is agreeably diversified with hill and dale, and towards its centre, in the neighborhood of Montreal, there are two or three considerable mountains. The largest of these stands at the distance of about one mile from the town which is named from it. The base of this mountain is surrounded with neat country houses and gardens, and partial improvements have ))een made about one-tiiird of the way up ; tlie remain- der is entirely covered with lofty trees. On that side towards the river is a large old monastery with extensive inclosuros walled in, round wiiich the ground has been cleared for some distance. This open part is covered with a ricli verdure, and tiie woods encircling it, instead of being overrun with brushwood, are quite clear at bottom so that you may here roam about at pleasure for miles together, shaded by the lofty trees from the rays of the sun. The view from hence is grand beyond description. A prodigious expanse of country is laid open to the eye with the noble river St. Law- rence wending through it, v/hich may be traced from the remotest part of the horizon. The river comes from the right and flows smoothly on, after passing down the tremendous rapids above the town where it is hurried over high rocks with a noise tliat is heard even up the mountain. On the left below you, appears the town of Montreal with its churches, monasteries, glittering spires, and the shipping under its old wall. Several little islands in the river near the town, partly improved, partly overgrown with wood, add greatly to the beauty of the scene. Laprairie with its large church on the distant side of the river is seen to the greatest ad- vantage, and beyond it is a range of lofty moun- tains which terminates the prospect. Such ,in end- less variety, and such a grandeur is there in the view from this part of the mountain, that even those who are most habituated to tiie view always find it a fresii subject of admiration whenever tliey contemplate it ; and on this part of the mountain it is that the club which I mentioned generally assembles. Two stewards are appointed for the day, who always choose some new spot where tliere is a spring or rill of water, and an agreeable shade ; each family brings cold provisions, wine, &c., the whole is put togetlier, and the company, often amounting to one hundred persons, sits down to dinner." THE TROUBLES OF 1837-3S. In the summer, and towards tlie fall of the year 1837, public meetings were held in almost every parish and county in the Province, especially in the District of Montreal. At these meetings the people were harangued, by the leading members of the Assembly, in the most inflammatory lan- guage, and resolutions were passed repudiating tlie authority of Parliament, denying the obliga- tions of the laws, and enforcing a scheme of gene- ral organization and terrorism, which were evi- dently tiie preliminary symptoms of insurrection and revolt. About this time tiie tri-coloured flag was displayed for several days at St. Hyacinths, and in the neigliboiirliood of St. Charles and St. Denis ; and at a meeting iield in tiie latter village, an in- fluential person present warned the people to be MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 15 ready to arm themselves ; and some of the tavern- keepers substituted an eagle in place of their usual signs. Associations were formed, with a design of overthrowing the Government; and tlie "Cen- tral Committee of Montreal" were af'^^ive in for- warding it. " The Sons of Liberty," as some of the associations called themselves, published in October an " Address to the Young Men of the North American Colonies," avowing sentiments of the most dangerous tendency. Every metiiod was employed to circulate these sentimunts, drilling toolv place in open day on Sundays and other holidays : armed bands paiaded tiie streets of this city in the night time, the tri-coloured flag was hoisted, and the peaceable inhabitants felt them- selves insecure if they ventured out unarmed, after the day had closed. A grand meeting of the " Confederation of the Six Counties" tooii place at St. Charles, oi' tiie 23rd of October, when a fuller and unreserved avowal of treasonable designs was made. The Cap of Liberty was raised, and a solemn oatli taken under it, to be faithful to the revolutionary prin- ciples of which it was emblematical. All allegi- ance, and every pretence to it, were at once dis- carded, and a determination evinced to take the management of afl'airs into tiieir own hands. This meeting was attended by tlie Speaker (L. J. Papi- neau) and twelve Members of the House of Assem- bly, and no time was lost in carrying tlie treasonable part of the resolutions into effect. Ba ids of armed men marched forth, spreading fear and conster- nation among the peaceable inhabitants of the country, tlireatening tliem with the loss of life and property if they did not immediately accjuiesce in their views and projects. Justices of tiie Peace and Officers ot Militia were compelled to resign their commissions, and many took refuge in Mont- real. On the same day a meeting of the loyal and constitutional inhabitants took place in this city, for the " maintenance of good order, the protection of life and property, and the connection now happily existing between this Colony and the United Kingdom, at present ]>ut in jeopardy by the machinations of a disorganizingand revolution- ary faction within this Province." Troops were sent for from Nova Scotia and from Upper Canada. The Attorney General arrived from Quebec for the puri)08e of directing measures, and for dealing according to law with certain foreign military officers who had been introduced into the Province for the purjiose of giving aid to the insurgents. The Magistrates of Montreal having received information, on the -Sth of November, that numer- ous bodies of men, of diffi^rent parties, intended on the following day to parade the streets of the city, immediately issued a proclamation to prohibit such a measure. On Monday, the 6th, persons were anxiously iiupiiring as to the motions and inten- tions of the two parties ; and about two o'clock it was known that a considerable number of the "Sons of Libert)'" liad assembled in an enclosed yard near St. James Street, although some of their leaders had pledged themselves to the JIagistrates that no procession should take place. About three hundred of them sallied forth, armed with bludgeons, pistols, and other weapons, and niadi- a furious and indiscriminate attack on all that fell in their way. For a time they had full possession of the street, breaking windows, and threatening other mischief. But the Constitutionalists were soon aroused, and dispersed the riotous assemblage, but were far from satisfied with this success. About six o'clock the Riot Act was read, and the military were called out. A party of the Constitutionalists were encountered by the Royal Regiment in front of Papineau's house ; but instead of offi?ring any resistance they heartily cheered the gallant regi- ment, and accompanied it to the Champ de Mars, where it was ordered to take post. A company of the Royals was posted near tlie Bishop's Churcii ; the officer in command received from the Loyalists a seven-barreled gun, two other guns, a sword, and a banner of the " Sons of Liberty," which had been taken from a house in Dorchester Street, where they were in the habit of meeting for drill. After this all became quiet, and the Magistrates ordered the troops to their barracks. In proceeding thither, the Royals found a party attempting some injury to Papineau's house; but they desisted the moment the troops came upon them. In the course of the evening the oflice of the Vindicator, a seditious newspaper, was destroyed by some of the more zealous of the Britisli party. The mili- tary patrolled the streets till day-light. No further violence was committed, no lives were lost, and no opposition offered to the soldiers. On the 10th of November, warrants were issued, and rewards offered, for tiie apprehension of twenty-six individuals charged with High Treason, of whom all were of French origin except one ; 16 MONTREAL ITS HISTORY. eight were Members of the Provincial Parliament, and the greater part of the whole number were in the liigher classes of society. Eiglit of them were committed to prison at the time ; but all the others who resided in town made their escape. Two of them resided at St. Johns, and one at St. Atha- nase, and the warrants for their apprehension were entrusted to a peace officer, who, accompanied by a body of tlie Royal Montreal Cavalry, proceeded to execute tliem, by way of Longueuil and Cham- bly. Demaray and Davignon were arrested at St. Johns, and the party were returning to Montreal witii them by the same route. Wlien within about two miles of Longueuil, the Cavalry and peace officer in charge of the prisoners were in- tercepted by a large body of armed peasantry, who fired upon them from their houses, from behind the fences, and from a barn wliich bordered the road, and compelled them to abandon tlieir prison- ers. Several of the Cavalry were wounded, and their horses injured, by the fire of tlie insurgents. On the 20th of November, intelligence was received that T. S. Brown had collected a large force at tlie village of St. Charles on the river Richelieu, which he was proceeding to fortify, and that Papineau, O'Callagiian, and Wolfred Nelson were concerned in these measures. Warrants iiad been issued for their apprehension ; and the civil authorities applied to the Commander of the Forces for aid in securing them. On tiie 23rd a body of troops under Col. Gore embarked on board the steamer St. George for Sorel, where they hinded in tlie evening. At ten o'clocii. tliey marched towards St. Denis, intending to attack the force at that place, and then move on rapidly to assist Colonel Wetiierall of the Royal Regiment in his attack upon St. Charles. Tlie mardi was a terri- ble one, in consequence of a heavy rain, and the nuiddiness of the roads. They did not reach St. Denis till after day light. An attack was com- menced ; several rebels were killed ; but finding it impossible to dislodge some of tlie rebels from a large stone house from which tliey were firing, and his men being exhausted by the fatigues of the preceding night and day, the Colonel retreated upon Sorel, where, after mucli suffering, tlie party arrived on the morning of the 24th. Strong bodies of armed peasantry were seen in various places along the lino of march. Colonel Wetherallhad received orders to attack St. Charles at the same time that the other forces were to be engaged at St. Denis. For this pur- pose he left Chambly on the 22nd, but the roads were so bad, that his troops were not able tc reach tlie place till noon of the 2otli. The iiouses aloiig the route were deserted, the bridges broken down, barricades erected, and every precaution taken against an attack. Halting to reconnoitre. Colonel Wetherall observed Uiat two guns commanded the road, and he therefore resolved to attack by deploying to the right. The troops were saluted with a loud cheer from the stock;;de, and a con- stant fire was kept up by the rebels from the opposite bank of the river. When he had ap- proached within two hundred and fifty yards from the works, he took up a position with the hope tliat a display of his force would induce some change among the infatuated people. They, how- ever, opened a heavy fire, which was returned. He then advanced nearer to tiie works, but finding the defenders obstinate, he stonncd and carried them, burning every building within the stockade, except Mr. Debartzch's house which was extin- guished, and occupied by the troops. The afftiir occupied about an hour. The slaughter was great on the side of the rebels, but slight on that of the troops. Several prisoners were taken. Brown, Papineau, Drolet, and others crossed the river to St. 5Ii;rc, on the arrival of the troops before St. Charles. On the whole, the means and pre- parations of the rebels were more formidable than many persons had supposed ; and had not the rebellion been checked at this point, the con- sequences to the country would have been dread- ful. Having thus captured St. Charles, and dis- persed tiie insurgents, who are said to have amounted at this place to fifteen hundred fighting men, tlie Colonel determined to attack a consider- able b(jdy of the rebels collected for the purpose of cutting off" his retreat to Chambly ; and on the morning of tiie 2Stli, lie discovered them in a well- chosen position, and under the protection of an abattis. They fled, however, as soon as he had formed to attack, leaving their two guns behind tliem. On the 2!)tli of November, the Governor-in- Ciiief issued a monitory Proclamation to the in- surgents, inviting them to return to their allegiance and promising them forgetfulness and immunity for the past, and a continuance of paternal protec- tion and favour ; at the same time offering rewards for the apprehension of the leaders. Martial law MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 17 was proclaimed in the district of Montreal on the 5th of December, and Sir John Colborne invested with authority to execute it. In the course of the summer and autumn of 1838, rumours were circulated and surmises formed, that another rising of the disaflected was in progress, or at least in agitation. An unusual run upon the banks, in the demand for cash on the part of the habitants who had notes in their posses- sion, with various murmurings and other symp- toms, gave sign that all was not ut rest. The " sympathy," as it was termed, shewn to the insurgents by many of the inhabitants of the border States, kept alive the expectation. Early in October, if not before, many facts were in the knowledge of the Governor-in-Chief and the Com- mander of the Forces, which called for increasing vigilance, and justified active preparation. The lenient measures which had been adopted with regard to several of those who had been appre- hended for their share in the first rebellion, instead of being followed by a grateful return of allegiance were, in many instances, construed into fear, and abused to the purposes of renewed aggression and tumult. These seditious movements were, for the most part, confined to the sou'.h side of the St. Law- rence ; the country above St. Eustache and its neighbourhood remaining perfectly quiet, whatever miglit have been the hints or threats of individuals. On the 29th and 30th of November nearly a hundred rebels from Napierville and Beauhamois were brought in as prisoners. The Hon. D. Mondelet, and Charles D. Day, Esq., having been appointed Judge Advocates in conjunction with Captain Muller, the Court Mar- tial commenced the trial of the twelve following prisoners on Wednesday the 28th of November : — Joseph Narcisse Cardinal, Joseph Duquette, Joseph L'Ecuyer, Jean Louis Thibert, Jean Marie Thibert, L^andre Ducharme, Joseph Guimond, Louis Guerin, Edouard Th^rien, Antoine Cotd, Maurice Lepailleur, Louis Lesi^ge. After a patient and impartial investigation, in which the prisoners had the benefit of able advocates, two of them Edouard Th^rien and Louis Lcsi<5ge, were acquit- ted,theother ten were found guilty,and condemned to death, and two of them, J. N. Cardinal and J. Duquette, were executed on Friday the 2l8t of December. They were both implicated in the rebellion of last year, and derived but little wisdom from the lenity then shewn to them. On the I8th of January five rebels were executed over t'le front gateway at the New Gaol ; viz., P. J. Decoigne, engaged at Napierville, and Jacques Robert, two brothers of the name of Sanguinet, and P. Hamelin, concerned in the murder of Mr. Walker^ at La Tortu. The gallows had been removed to a more public situation to convince the hahitantfi of the reality of the executions, for on that point they appear to have been incredu- lous. Decoigne, who was a Notary, delivered an address on the scaffold before he suffered, to the eflfect that they were all convinced of the enormity of their crimes, the justice of their fate, and the folly of neglecting " the good instructions that had been given them." On the 6th of May, Benjamin Mott, of Alburgli, Vermont, was found guilty of Treason at LacoUe by the Court Martial, and sentenced to death. With this trial the Court finished its labours, after a session of five months and a half, during which one hundred and ten prisoners had been tried ; — twelve executed, nine acquitted, and the remainder under sentence of death. These eighty-nine did not suffer the extreme penalty of the law. NOTES SUE L'niSTOIRE DE MONTREAL. Dans ces notes nous voulons seulement reunir quel- ques renseignements, sur la suite et le d^veloppemcnt des constructions de Montreal depuis la premitTo occupation en 1642 jusqu'a nos jours. Nous eora- pletterons ce travail plus tard, lorsque nous aurons pu d d'Armes. En 1656, on posa la premier pierre d'une grande Eglise aupres du cimetiere. Ce fut alors qu'on etablit une redoute sur la rue Notre Dame la oii se trouve la rue St. Denis pour proteger les ti-avai Hours etablis sur les versauts du Coteau St. Louis. Le nom de ce coteau subsiste encore dans la rue voisino, rue St. Louis. En 1657, la Soeur Bourgeois commence la construc- tion de I'Eglise de Motre Dame de Bonsecoui-s, I'annee suivante M. de Maisonneuve lui donne un terrain avec une maison pour etablir une ecole, la Soeur y entra le 30 avril, jour de St, Catherine de Sieiine. C'est en cetto annde qu'arriverent les premiers pretres de St. Suliiice, ils furent loges d'abord dans les bati- ments de I'hopital. En 1658 on eleva une nouvelle redoute sur le Coteau St. Louis qui devait proteger les travailleurs, c'etait sur I'endroit oii se trouve maintenant lo Carre Dalhousie, Cetto redoute, augmenteo plus tard et munie do bastions et do rotranchemeuts, doviut la citadelle. MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 19 En 1659, on avait 40 maisons bien b&ties, avec murs epais et meurtri^res, isolees lea une des autres, mais assez approchees pour pouvoir ee defendre, en cas d'at- taque ; c'etait comme autant de redoutes assez fortes pour rendre inutile le premier fort qui continua de ser- vir de residence au gouverneur, mais dont on cessa dos lors de r^parer les bastions, ddgradds consid^rable- ment chaque annde par les glaces et la debacle au prin- tcmps. Ce fut vers ce temps que, pour prot<5ger les travail- leurs qui se repandaient toujours de plus en ])lus, on 6tablit trois fiefs considerables sur trois points eloign^s. Le fiefs Ste. Marie, au pied du courant, pr^s de la traverse de Longueuil, d'oii est venu le nom de rue Ste. Marie. De plus, le fiefs St. Gabriel, ainsi nommd en I'honneur de son patron par M. de Gueylus, premier cm-6 de St. Sulpice, a Montreal, et enfin, au nord dans le Faubom'g St. Laurent, un autre fief donn6 par M. de Maisonneuve, a son lieutenant Lambert Clone. En chacun de ces fiefs, on etablit des redoutes, des logo- ments pour les ti-availleurs, des batiments d'exploita- tion. Lambert Clone quitta le fort etalla loger, avec des hommes devoues, dans la redoutequ'il avait fait cons- truire, de la, il pouvait protdger tout le nord de la villc. Nous avons de ce temps, une lettre de M. d'Argemoy qui peint Montreal suivant les id^rieur. II est venere paries Soeurs comme leur fondateur et leur pere, et ses travaux pour la cause de I'edncation rappellant que, depuis plus d'un siecle, six membres de lamgme famille ont fait partie dn Clorge Canadien, en I'honorant par leurs lumieres et leur vertus. Le plus connu, Messire Louis-Marie Brassard, mort i Nicolet en 1800, k I'age de 74 ans, est le fondateur du beau college de ce nom qu'il legua a I'Eveque de Quebec, 4 la condition de continuer I'oeuvre.* LES DAMK8 DU BON PASTEUR, 1844. Mgr. Ignace Bourget, Eveque de Montreal, a touIu doter son diocese d'une Communautddont la vocation speciale fut de convcrtir ies femmes entrdes dans une vie de desoi-dre, et de preserver Ies jeunes personnes exposees a se pordre ; et le 11 Juin 1844, quatre Re- ligieusos de Notre-Dame de Cliarite du Bon Pasteur arrivtTcnt It Montreal pour y fonder une maison do leur Societe. Elles venaient d' Angers, et leur Sujie- rieure etait Mme. Marie Fisson. Sa?ur Sto Celeste. En arrivant d Montreal, Ies Dames du Bon Pasteur allorent habiter au faubourg St. Marie ou de Quebec une assez grando maison en bois, dont M. Arraud, pretre de St. Sulpice, leur fit pr(5sent. Elles I'oceu- perent jusqu'en 1847, et alors elles se transportoreut au faubourg St. Laurent, Coteau Barron, ou elles pri- rent possession d'un beau monastere en ijiorro, bSti sur un terrain a ellas donn<5 par Mme. D.-B. Vigor, ndo Furetier, epouse de 1' Honorable D.-B. Vigor. Cette g(!nereuse Dame n'est pas la soule bienfaitrice qu'elles ont trouTce ^ Montreal. Mnio. Quesnel m^e Cot6, veuve de I'Honorablo Jules Quesi>ol et digno heritiere des vertuos de sa pieuse mere est connuo en Canada commo la mere des pauvres et destn'phelius. L'wuvrodo recueillir Ies repen ties sere- commandait d'ello-memea sa charitd; et Mme. Ques- nel ne dedaigno pas de plus de liii faire I'aumone de 80S jouniees, dont olle passe la moillouro partie en la conipagnio des bonnes Soeurs. * The beantiful photograph of their Isrge estdblishment in this book is situated Rt niichelnga and is one of the very best Institu- tions in Ciinada for lliii education of girls. There are generally belweeu two and three hundred in attendance. Les Dames du Bon Pasteur voulurent prendre leur part du penible fardeau que les r.ivages du typlius de 1847 imposaientillacharitepublique; et elles recueil- lirent pendant trois mois les pauvres orphelines, pour les confior ensuite, au nombre de 74, aux Soeurs de la Providence. 8(EUR8 DE NOTEE-DAME DE STE. CROIX, 1847. Les Soeurs de Notre-Dame de Sto. Croix ou des Sept Douleurs sont encore appelees Marianites; mais elles sont plus connues en Canada sous le nom de ScBurs de St. Laurent, du nom do la paroisse oii elles so sont d'abord fix(5es, et oii est encore lour Maison-mere. La Society date en France de I'annee 1839. En 1847, quatre Eeligieuses de Ste. Croix, ayant pour Superieure Mme. Aglae Le Chaptais — Scour Marie du Sauveur, partirent de leur maison du Mans, jiour fonder une branche de leur Institut dans la paroisse St. Laurel. t, Ilede Montreal. L'etablissement se faisait il la demande de M.J.-B. St. Germain, curd du lieu, et avec I'approbation deMgr. Bourget. Elles arrive- rent il Montreal le 23 Mai, en compagnie de Teveque, qui revcnait de France. Elles ouvrirent sans tardor leurs dcoles dans une m.aison particuli^re du village de St. Laurent,et elles les transportfirent deux mois apres dans le couvent qu'on leur prdpwait, et qu'elles ont toujours occupd depuis. Cette Communaute, oulro la Maison-m6re de St. Laurent,compte dejA deux autrea etablissements ou missions, I'un i St. Martin, I'aulre a Ste. Scholaslique. Los Eeligieuses ne so bornent pas •X I'education des jeunes fiUes ; elles visitent encore les malades a domicile. LES SOEURS DE MISERICORDE, 1848. Les Soeurs de Misericorde, appelees aussi Soeurs de Ste, Pelagie, ou Soeurs do la Maternite, ont pour voca- tion d'assister dans leurs maladies les personnes en- ceintes, tant pauvres qu'aisees, mais plus particuliore- ment les pauvres. Les Soeurs rejoivent chez olle.s los femmes en couches, ou elles se transportent a domicile, lorsqu'on los en requiert. La fondation de cette Com- munaute date do 1848 ; et elle fut alors crigee canoni- quemcnt par mandemont do Mgr. Bourget a la date du 16 Janvier. Mme. Veuve Galipoau fut la premiere Superieure de cette osuvre si recommandablo, qui rom- place, pris des femmes on couehos, la venalite par la piet^. LE8 FILLES DE STE. ANNE, 1848. Lo 13 Septembro 1848, I'Evoquc de Montreal auto- risa quolqnes pieuses personnes a se rdunir h. Vaudreuil pour y vivro en communaute. M. Paul-Loup Arcliam. beault. Cure et Vieairo-General, fut leur premier bion- faitour, et le 8 Septembro 1850, 5 d'eittr'oUes firent profession sous le titro do Filh's de Ste. Anne, sous la protection do Notro-Dainode Boiisocours. Mile. JL'irie Esther Sureau-Bloiidin fut la premiere Sii]wrieure, 26 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. sous le nom de Soeur Marie- Anne. Les fins de cet In- stitut sont I'enseignement des petites filles et le soin des malades et des pauvres infirmes dans la Maison- more, ainsi que la visite des malades k domicile : de plus, I'enseignement de filles pauvres, propres i en- trer dans I'lnstitut. La Maison-mere a et^ transferee a St. Jacques de I'Achigan en 1853, dans I'^tablisse- ment occupe auparavant par les Dames du Sacrii Coeur. Les noms de M. 0. Berthelot, de la famille P.-J. Lacroix, de Mme. D.-B. Viger, de Mme. Ch. Babj', de Mme. Jules Quesnel, de Mile. Th^rese Berthelet etde Mile. Josephte LeBorgne viennentse j)lacer ici d'eux- memes sous notre plume ; et leur exemj)le dans le passe nous garantit que dans I'avenir les catholiques du Canada ne laisseront pas p^ricliter leurs saintes Communaute. * The following notes on the History of Montreal bring it down to the present time. The Author is much beholden to an excellent work on Montreal by Mr. Sandham for a large amount of information. On the 17th day of July, 1821, operations were commenced on the Lachine canal, Hon. J. Richardson, chainnan of the committee, having removed the first sod. That gentleman, in a very able address, laid before the vast concourse assembled the great benefits which must necessaiily attend the completion of the undertaking. A census taken this year, by order of the authori- ties, showed that the population was 18,767. The population of the city in 1824 was 22,357, showing the increase of 3590 in four years. During this year the merchants of the city airected their attention towards the improvement of navigation between Quebec and Montreal, and at a meeting held on the 26th September, a com- mittee of nine persons was appointed to draft a petition to the Provincial Parliament, asking that steps should be taken to deepen the channel of the river, (particularly at Lake St. Peter,) and thereby render it navigable throughout the season for vessels of 250 (!) tons, fully laden. The charter of incorporation of the city (which had expired during the years of the rebellion) was now revived, and Hon. Peter McGill appointed as mayor. In 1844 the seat of government was removed from Kingston to Montreal. During the year, one hundred and .linety-two vessels arrived at the port of Montreal. In January, 1847, Lord Elgin, the newly appointed Governor-General, arrived at Montreal. * They have now a line eslablishment at LacUiue and arc much I'lopluyed ia the education of young girls. On Sunday, the 18th of June, an immense con- course of citizens assembled at the French parish church, to witness the ceremony of christenmg the monster bell to be placed in one of the towers of the church. The eight godfathers and eight god- mothers were seated around the bell. The cere- mony was performed by the Bishop, assisted by the Superior of the Seminary. Among the public buildings erected was the Reid wing of the General Hospital, the St. Andrew's Church, Beaver Hall, and the Protest- ant Orphan Asylum, on St. Catherine-street. The Corporation was now turning its attention to many schemes for local improvement, and, at a meeting held Friday, 25th August, the members voted ^200 towards improvements to be made in Viger square, and the Mayor was ordered to issue bonds for the purchase of ground, and erection of a new resei"voir at C6te-a-Baron ; at the same time the Road Committee was instructed to proceed with the proposed improvements in Place d'Armes. This square had been purchased in 1836, from the Seminary, and the tower of the old parisli church was to have been removed within eighteen months, but the excitement connected with the disturbances of '37 and '38 had somewhat retarded the proposed improvements, and nothing had been done until now, with the exception of grading am paving a portion of the square. The population of the city at this time was 55,146. During the session of Parliament in 1849, a Bill was introduced and passed providing for the pay- ment of losses sustained during the Rebellion. The British inhabitants were indignant that any such Bill should have been introduced, and every means were taken to prevent its passage through the House. When it had been passed, great anxiety was manifested as to whether it would receive the sanction of the Governor-General. On Wednes- day, the 25tli April, a day which will be long noted in the annals of our city, Lord Elgin pro- ceeded to the Parliament House to sanction the new tarifl', and other Acts. About five o'clock in the afternoon he sanctioned a number of Bills, and among tliem was the objectionable Rebellion Bill. No sooner iiad the Bill become law than the infor- mation was conveyed to the crowds in waiting outside of the building, and when His Excellency appeared he was received with groans and pelted with stones and eggs. Tlie excitement was intense. Printed notices were posted in various MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. parts of the city, calling a mass meeting to be held immediately on the Champ de Mars, and by eight o'clock an immense number of persons had assembled, when, after some strong resolutions had been passed, the ciy was raised " To the Parlia- ment Buildings." The House of Assembly was engaged in discuss- ing the Judicature Bill, wlien a loud shout gave the members warning that a riot was fermenting outside. A number of stones were now thrown through the windows, and in a short time there were but few squares of glass left unbroken in the wboie range of the buildings. By this time the members had all retreated, when about a dozen persons entered the Assembly Hall, and one of them boldly seated himself in the Speaker's chair, and muttered something about dissolving the Parliament. The others thei- com- menced the w^ork of demolishing all that came before them, sticks being thrown at the glass globes on the gasahers which were beyond their reach. Tlie cry of fire was now raised, and it was discovered that the building had been fired by some of the mob. The fire spread with great rapidity, and in half-an-hour the whole building was wrapped in a sheet of tlame. No attempt was made to save the building, and the engines were only used upon the surrounding property. By this fire the valuable library, containing the archives and records of the colony for over a century, was completely destroyed. The only article saved was the mace belonging to the Lower House. The party wlio saved the mace carried it to Donegani's Hotel, and delivered it to Sir Allan McNab. The mob now proceeded to the residence of Mr. Lafontaine, and set it on fire, but through the eflbrts of some of the citizens the flames were extinguished, but the whole of the furniture and library was completely demolished. Several other houses, occupied by obnoxious members of the Parliament, were also destroyed. It was feared that the Governor might suffer from the violence of the mob. He therefore left his residence at Monklands and remained in the city, I'uder the protection of a body of military. • On the 26th, Messrs. JIack, Howard, Ferris and others, were arrested on the charge of arson, and were committed for trial. A crowd of nearly 3000 persons accompanied them to jail, but no violence was (fejwn. The Parliament Building destroyed during this riot, was originally the St. Ann's market ; the interior of which had been remodelled for the accommodation of the Legislature. It was -342 feet in length by 50 in width, the central portion projecting four feet beyond the wings. It was constructed of Montreal limestone, and though plain, its only ornaments being a portico at either end, presented an effective appearance. Tlie persons aiTested on charge of arson were subsequently admitted to bail, and upon their trial taking place were acquitted. The year 1850 was a particularly dark year in the history of our city. Riots, extensive fires and a general depression of trade, all tended to tiirow a gloom over its inhabitants. The most important event of IS51 was the open- ing of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway from Longueuil, opposite Montreal, to Richmond, Eastern Townships, a distance of 96 miles. This was celebrated by a grand procession, ball and dinner. Triumphal arciies were erected at various parts of the city, the finest being that placed at the corner of St. James and McGill sti'cets, and which was brilliantly illuminated during the even- ing. It bore emblems of commerce and railway improvements. The Victoria-square, (then Hay- market and Commissioners-square) was also decorated and illuminated. The cemetery company was now formed, and in November the first plot of ground for the " Mount Royal Cemetery " was purchased from Dr. McCulloch, THt power of electing a person to fill the office of raayor had up to this time been vested in the city council, but a clumge was now made whereby that officer was elected by the people, and in 1852 the first election by suffrage took place, when Charles Wilson, Esq., was re-elected to the office which he had prt-viously held. During this year two disastrous fires occurred, and destroyed nearly twelve hundred buildings, rendering about nine tliousand persons houseless. The Roman Catholic citizens being desirous of securing a more suitable place in which to bury their dead, tlie " Fabricpie " purchased from Dr. Beaubien 150 arjients of land, at Ccite St. Cathe- rine, to be used as a cemetery, and which was shortly afterwards consecrated. On Saturday, July 22nd, the foundation of Pier No. 1, of that greatest triumph of engineering 28 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. skill, the Victoria Bridge, was laid with great ceremony. In 1854, many of the citizens were called to mourn the loss of loved ones who were cut down by that fearful disease, " Asiatic ChoUra," which broke out June 24th, and raged for about two months. The total number of deaths was 1,186. The following table, compiled from the weekly returns made in the different years, will show the result of the cholera in 1832, 1834, 1S49 and 1854. The comparison is made by weeks : 1832. 1834. 1849. 1854. l9t. Week 261 78 25) ,„„ 2nd. " 632 148 47 J "*•* 3rd. " 156 220 156 278 4th. " 94 200 159 167 5th. " 61 157 64 159 6th. « 70 69 32 127 8th. " 131 41 13 46 9th. " 136 00 00 13 10th. " 101 18th. " 79 19th. " 68 20th. " 54 2l8t. " 28 22nd. " 14 Total, 1,885 913 496 1,186 The Mount Royal Cemetery, which was conse- crated June 16th, received as its first occupant Rev. Wm. Squires, minister of GriflSntown Wes- leyan Church, who died of the prevailing disease. In March, 1S55, an Industrial Exhibition was held in the City Concert Hall for the purpose of selecting articles to be sent to the Paris Exhibi- tion. It was publicly inaugurated by His Excel- lency, Sir Edmund Head, the Governor-General, who visited Montreal for the first time (for that purpose) on March 5th. This visit was celebrated in the most enthusiastic manner, and every possible effort was made to render his visit agreeable. The closing event of 1854 was the opening of the Grand Trunk Railway from Montreal to Brock- ville, which took place on the 19th day of Novem- ber. In August, 1857, Montreal was visited by the most distinguished company that ever met in the Provinces. On Wednesday, 12th, the " American Association for the Advancement of Science" assembled in the Court-house, nnd continued in session for one week. On Thursday evening, a soiree was given by the Natural History Society, in the City Concert Hall, and was numerously attended. On Saturday, by invitation of the officers of the gamson, the party visited St. Helen's Island. On the Monday following, a Con- versazione was given by the Directors, Faculty and Fellows of McGill College, and was a magni- ficent affair. At the closing meeting of the Asso- ciation, addresses were given by Ex-President Filmore, Professors Henry, Swallow, Ramsay, Caswell, and other celebrities. One of these speakers congratulated the citizens in possessing such a city, and stated that there was " a power stored up here upon the shores, which, within less than one hundred yearo, will probably result in making this city the greatest city in America. This immense water power being directed to the manufactures which might be established here, will make this one of the great cities of the globe." The population in 1858 was about 80,000 ; the number of deaths during the year being about 2,436. On Tuesday, 4th January, 1S59, the Bishop's Church, St. Denis-street, was destroyed by fire. It was built on the site of the church burned during the great conflagration in 1S52. The building was large, and cost 8120,000. The formal opening and inauguration of the Victoria Bridge was, in colonial importance, the chief feature in the visit of the Prince of Wales to Montreal, and the completion of this noble struc- ture deserved to be celebrated with all the state and pomp which the presence of royalty could bestow. As an engineering triumph over natural difficulties of the most stupendous kind it is not only without its equal in the world, but the worid offers nothing which may fairly be put in com- parison with it ; nothing which can be pointed to as evidencing more determined perseverance in the face of almost hopeless obstacles, more genius, or more consummate skill. On the 13th June, 1861, Montreal was again honored by a visit from a member of the Royal Family, Prince Alfred. In accordance with her Majesty's request no formal reception was given, yet he was cordially received by those in waiting, who testified their pleasure by loud cheers as tlie carriage drove from the wharf. • While the city was in the midst of excite- ment on account of the seizure of Mason and Slidell, an event occurred which tended much to throw a sadness over its inhabitants. On Tues- day, Dec. 24tli, the news was spread that the liusband of our beloved Queen, and father of the MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 29 prince whom the citizens had so recently wel- comed, had been suddenly removed by de;ith. It would not be within our province to enlarge upon the noble qualities which had secured for the Prince Consort the affections of the people ; suffice it to say, their grief was shown in the drooping flags which hung at half mast on all the public buildings. A large meeting was held at the City Concert Hall, and adopted an address of condolence to Her Majesty, for which she returned her thanks. In July, 1S62, the Governor-General, Lord Monck paid his first visit to the city, and was hospitably entertained by the corporation, who presented an address of welcome, and provided every possible means towards rendering his visit agreeable. His Excellency the Governor-General, having left Canada for England, Sir John Michel was sworn in Montreal, as Administrator of the Govern- ment in the absence of the Governor General. Sir John took up his residence in the city, and during his administration the Executive Council met here twice in each month for the transaction of public business. For some time during the latter part of the year the attention of the authorities had been directed towards the movements of an organization existing principally in tlie United States, and known as the " Fenian Brotherhood," whose design was the liberation of Ireland from British rule. At its organization, and for a considerable time after- wards, little attention was paid to tlireats made by its leaders, but when they proceeded so far as to threaten the peace and safety of the country, the aiitliorities made preparation whereby tliey might be able to repel any attack made. In the early part of ISGS the mutter! ngs of a new Fenian excitement were again heard on our borders, and after an interval of nearly two years of peace and quiet, we were once more threatened by an invasion. As in the previous case this report was the result of the unfriendly feelings existing between the United States and England. But, fortunately for Canada, the resources of the brotherhood were not sufficient to enable them to carry out their design ; but while the invasion of the country was abandoned, still the diabolical spirit which animated many of its partizans made good its footliold in the country, and, as in other places throughout the world, those who opposed the mad scheme were singled out as \nctim8, and a more distinguished victim could not have been chosen then the Hon. Thomas D'Arcy McGee, a representative of the city of Montreal in the Provincial Parliament, who was foully assassinated on the morning of April 7th, 1868, while return- ing from the Parliament buildings to his lodgings in Ottawa. The funeral which took place on Monday, l:Jth, wiU be long remembered. The streets were covered with mourning flags and festoons of black, giving the scene a striking and funereal apsect, and those streets through which the procession was to pass were lined on either sides by soldiers, regulars and volunteers. The summer of 1S68 will be long remeirbered, for many are the mourners over friends and rela- tions who fell beneath the excessive in^at of July. On the 17th of that month ten persons died from its effects. The thermometer for several days ranged from 90 to 100 degrees in the shade, and great suffering was caused thereby, not only to man, but a large number of horses were fatally sunstruck while working on the streets. On the 28th of the month a sharp shock of an earthquake was felt. It was accompanied by a grating and rumbling noise, sonietlnug like a vessel slightly touching the ground ; and a trembling movement caused doors and windows to vibrate with considerable violence. It lasted several seconds, but no damage was done. On Friday, September 11th, His Lordsliip Bishop Fulford, the first Anglican Bishop of the Diocese of Montreal, died at his residence after a painful illness. The winter of 1SG8-9 was remarkable for the great amount of snow which fell, there being in some of the streets of the city a depth of seven to nine feet. On the 1st of February, 1SG9, Sir John Young arrived in the city, and the following day, at half- past ten, he proceeded to the Court-house, where he was duly sworn in as Governor-General, Hon. Mr. Justice Badgley administering the customary oath. On Friday, the 8th of October, Prince Arthur, third son of H. M. Gracious Majesty, arrived in Montreal to join the P.C.O. Rifles here stationed, he holding a lieutenant's commission in this splendid regiment. The route of the Prince's progress from the landing at the Jacques Carrier Wharf, by Jacques Cartier-square, Notre Dame- street, Place d'Arines, Great St. James-street, 30 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. Radpgonde-street, Beaver Hall, &c., to his chosen residence on Simpson-street, presented a most animated appearance. The day throughout was more than usually fine, with a bright sun, a clear sky and a lively breeze to float the flags so pro- fusely displayed, in honour of the Royal visitor, about to become a resident of the city. The preparations for his fitting reception included the erection of several very handsome arches along the line of march. Though expected at twelve o'clock the Prince did not arrive till two, the steamer " Magnet " having been detained at Cornwall by the fog in the morning. The large crowd of spectators lining the wharves and swarming about the ves- sels in the harbour was but slightly diminished even when it became generally known that a delay of two hours must take place before the Prince's arrival ; and the little gatherings about the route noticeable during the morning around some favourite arch or gaily contrived festoon, con- tinued to increase in numbers as the day advanced. At a few minutes past two o'clock the " Magnet" was seen steaming down the river above the Vic- toria Bridge, and soon afterwards drew up at the wliarf. The Mayor, with General Windham, immediately went on board, and the General introduced His Worship to the Prince, after which Prince Arthur, the Mayor, General Windham, and Colonel Elphinstone came ashore, and entered the paviUon which had been erected on the wharf for the purpose of enabling the Prince conveniently to receive and acknowledge the address. The Prince on entering the pavilion mounted the dais, and the Mayor read the following address : — To His Royal Highness Arthur William Patrick Albert : May it please your Royal Highness — We, the Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Montreal, most respectfully beg leave to approach your Royal Highness, and in the name and on behalf of the people of Montreal congratu- late your Royal Highness upon your safe arrival, and to extend to the son of our Beloved Sovereign a most cordial welcome to our city. The people of Montreal, upon hearing of your Royal Highness' intention to visit the city, looked forward witii unmixed pleasure to that event ; but they now experience increased delight in the knowledge that your Royal Highness has been pleased to select this city as your abode for a period which they fear will only be too short. We earnestly hope that the sojourn of your Royal Highness in Montreal may prove to be one of unalloyed happiness and satisfaction; and, on behalf of the people, we pledge ourselves that every exertion wiU be made to render it so. We pray that your Royal Highness will accept the assurance of our dutiful loyalty and attach- ment to the person and crown of your Royal Highness' Mother, our beloved Sovereign. WILLIAM WORKMAN, Mayor. Charles Glackmeter, City Clerk. City Hall, Montreal, 8th October, 1869. After the Mayor had read the address in Eng- lish, the City Clerk read it in French, presenting it at its conclusion, to His Royal Highness. The Prince handed it to his Secretary, and then pro- ceeded to read the reply : To the Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Montreal. Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen : — I thank you very sincerely for the warm expres- sions of welcome, and the congratulations upon my safe arrival at Montreal. Many addresses have I received as loyal as the one you have just read to me, but none to which I attach a higher value. Other communities have seen me, but as the passing visitor of a few hours ; whereas, the peo- ple of Montreal cannot consider me otherwise than as a resident, and their assurances of wel- come are, therefore, all the more appreciated. Most anxious am I to consider Montreal, for the time being, " my home," and to lose no opportu- nity of becoming acquainted with its institutions, its people and its commerce ; and from the kind- ly feeling and consideration shown towards me throughout this Dominion, I feel confident that no exertions are needed on your part to render most agreeable my sojourn in this city. That your loyalty is already well known to and duly appreciated by Her Majesty needs no far- ther assurance. The selection of Montreal as my residence is a suflicient proof of the confidence Her Majesty places in the devotion of the citizens to her throne, lier person, as well as to her family. ARTHUR. MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 81 After the presentation of the address and the Prince's reply, the Prince, with the Mayor, Gene- ral Windham and Colonel Elphinstoiie, then entered the carriage, and proceeded to the Prince's residence. His Royal Highness left Montreal on Monday, the eleventh, for Ottawa, and returned during the following week ; and while busily engaged in his official duties he nevertheless found time to aid many important and deserving charities by his patronage and presence. The faciUties afforded by the street railway has led to the expansion of the population towards the city limits, and even beyond them. It is dif- ficult to mark the distinction between the city and tlie villages of the outlying municipalities. It is apparent that those villages must eventually form part of the city, and it would be advanta- geous if some preparatory arrangement were to be made for assimilating the building and sanitary laws of the municipalities to those of the city. Wliilst the enterprise of private parties is suc- cessfully employed in promoting the progress of Montreal, both as regards embellishment and edu- cational interests, as well as the comfort and con- venience of its inhabitants, the city authorities are not altogether neglectful of their duties, and a good deal has been done in the way of drainage, and other public improvements. Nothing of importance has occurred within the past three or four years which would necessitate any historical record. The development of Mon- treal in its trade, resources and manufactures will be ably spoken of in the third part of this volume. Tlc following description of Montreal is taken from the Jirst City Director;/ ever ptiblislied. Its date is 20th October, 1S19. Some very interesting statistics are given after the description. " The houses in Montreal, which, at first sight, are mostly of a forbidding aspect to a stranger, are generally built of a stone, of an excellent quality, found near the town. The ol3 houses are of the fashion of those found in the ancient towns of France ; but such buildings as have of late been erected, are mostly of cut stone, and built in the modern style, possessing a very handsome appear- ance. Among the most prominent may be noticed the public edifices of the English Cliurch, the Court-house, the Jail, which is placed in a very healthy situation, commanding a view of the Champ de Mars, and the surrounding fine open country, the Montreal Bank, and the Mansion- House Hotel. — There are many equally handsome well finished private houses, and others daily erect- ing of this material. Out of the town the most elegant seats are built with it, among which will be ranked in the first class, the fashionable and beautiful mansion of Mr. Thos. Torrance, that stands on the brow of the hill, leading from St. Laurent street up to the Mountain ; as are those of his brother Mr. John Torrance, and of the late Mr. William Hutchinson, and several others within the town. Until of late years bricks were very partially used for building here. They have now, however, become more usual. Several brick yards are established, where very handsome and durable bricks are manufactured, and many extensive modern brick houses have been built, which, for fashion and elegance, would not discredit the most beautiful squares in London. At the top of the New Market, there is a monument erected of cut stone, to the memory of the immortal Nelson. The pillar, or column, which is about six feet in diameter, stands on a base or pedestal, which is about twenty feet wide at the bottom, and about 10 feet high to the foot of the pillar. The whole appears to be about 75 feet high from the ground. On the summit is a statue of Lord Nelson, standing bare headed, with a spy-glass iu his hand, supported by the stump of a mast. The pedestal is square, and on three sides of it are rejiresented the actions, or circumstances attending them, in which he ob- tained his most splendid victories — the Nile — Copenhagen, and Trafalgar — with an appropriate inscription on each subject. On the fourth side is an inscription, stating by whom, (the inhabi- tants of Montreal) and the object for which, this monument was erected. The base of the pillar is encircled with a cable, and over the monument- al inscription is an alligator ; the corners of the pedestal are supported by cannon, and the whole is enclosed with iron railing, outside of which four cannon are sunk in the ground as posts, to which is affixed a chain as a barrier to carriages. There are two extensive public institutions, for the dissemination of learning — that of the College, which is called the lesser Sominary, and a public School in a building belonging to, and opposite the elder Seminary, in Notre Uame Street. The College, situate in College Street, is a very large building, with two extensive wings, plainly 32 MONTREAL ITS HISTORY. fashioned, and apparently very durable. There are now about one hundred and twenty scholars receiving their education at this place ; all of whom wear a blue gown, edged or seamed with white; and an Indian sash round their waists. Large gardens and a park are attached to the building, and every thing that is necessary for the convenience and comfort of its occupants. There are several small Schools, in d.Terent parts of the town, maintained principally by the gentlemen of the Seminary, and a School supported by the Ladies' Benevolent Society ; which, with the private Academies, conducted in general by able teachers, form the means of education Montreal affords. The harbour of Montreal is perhaps as safe a one as could be wished, when a vessel is once in it, but it is rather difficult of access. There are at present about one hundred streets iu Montreal, and very few of them that are not mo i) rdlt upon, or in which buildings are not daily going up — the number of houses in the town being about 2,500. The streets are in general narrow, some of them are paved with flag stones — the widest and best paved streets are Notre Dame and Saint Paul streets ; improvements are daily making in this respect, and it is expected that the whole town will soon be well paved. Some of the streets are lighted at nights, and there is a watch, or foot patrol. Montreal has lately been supplied with water through the medium of conductors, leading from a reservoir, erected expressly for the purpose on the eminence which is called the citadel hill. The water is forced into this reservoir, from the river, by means of a steam engine. This great work, undertaken by Thos. Porteous, Esq., and others, under the name of the Montreal Water Works Company, is extending into what was for- merly called the Suburbs, and, in another year, every house in town may be completely furnished with that indispensable article. It is much to be wished that the promoters of this inestimable advantage will be amply rewarded. Most of the conducting pipes are of cast iron, and sunk so low in the earth, as they run through the middle of the streets, that the water cannot freeze in them — affording an additional security to the inliabi- tiiuts from the dreadful ravages of firt , which at that season of the year, when the river is frozen, and, from the severity of the weather, immense quantities of fuel is necessarily consumed, more danger is of course apprehended, and at which period it has been lieretofore diflScult to procure water — the greatest possible care will no doubt be taken to prevent the plugs or keys of the pipes from being covered with snow and ice, so as to render it easy to make use of them iu the winter. The fire insurance companies will know how to appreciate these advantages, as the fire engines, kept in the town, were found of indifl!erent use iu the winter, before the water works were establish- ed. There is a law iu the province, by which the chimneys in Montreal are directed to be swept once a month ; to attend to the execution of which law, there is an officer called the Inspector of Chimneys, appointed by the Governor. A number of springs, or wells, in the town are found to produce very excellent drinking water, but too hard to be used for cooking, washing, &c., and there are some instances, though few, of mineral springs. If the utility of such springs, as possess medicinal qualities, was properly con- sidered, it might induce further search for them ; when it is probable, w aters, having valuable pro- perties, would be found in the neighbourhood. The principal markets in Montreal are the Old and the New Markets ; in which meat, vegetables, poultiy, eggs, butter, &c., &c., are vended. There is also a fish market, and a hay market, in the latter of which wood is sold ; the chief supply of this article, is, however, by rafts, which are con- stantly arriving at Montreal, from the upper parts of the province, while the navigation in the river is open, and which is generally sold from 10s. to 15s. a cord. Tuesdays and Fridays are called the market days ; and, on which days, the habitants from the country bring large quantities of eatables to market. There is, however, a partial market on every week, or working day, when most arti- cles may be had, but not in such abundance, or so cheap, as on the market days. Meat seldom exceeds sixpence a pound, and even that is double the price it fetched ten years ago. — An Agricul- tural Society is established in Montreal, who. among other things, offer handsome premiums for the improvement of cattle, and from this it is inferred, that the markets will improve in the general supply of superior meat. There are various kinds of fish, taken in the St. Lawrence, sold in the fish ma.ket, and in tolerable quantities during the summer season ; and in the winter, codfisli MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. 83 tiom Boston, and places ne.ar there, are brought frozen in snow — it sells from 3d. to 6d. a pound. No place is appropriated solely for the sale of trraiii here ; it is generally found in and near the other markets. Montreal is not at present over-burthened with amusements — the principal public amusements ure in the Assemblies and Theatre in the winter, and in promenading the Champ de Mars in the summer evenings. The Champ de Mars, which is certainly the most eligible place for the associa- tion 0." fashion to be founJ here, is a handsome piece of ground, made perfectly level, with sloping banks of grass on each side, and poplar trees iiround its edges — it is pleasantly situated in the rear of the Court-house, and is frequented in sum- mer, by numbers of people, who are partial to a lounge in company with fashion. By the indul- gence of the Colonel of the regiment stationed here, the company asstjmbled are in summer time fre- quently amused in the evening by the music of an excellent band. The Champ de Mars isthe property of government, and is the military parade ground. Formerly this town was considerably infested with beggars, who were licensed to this calling, and wore badges to that eflect ; an active magis- tracy has at length conquered this pernicious custom, and having procured the establisliment of a work-house, in which the poor are employed and supported, beggars are now confirmed vagrants, and liable to be punished as such." The present inhabitants of Montreal have no idea how the citizens nearly 60 years ago (1S19), had to wait for their letters — here is the official time-table of the arrival and departure of the mails that year : Post Office.. — Tlie Post Office is kept in tlie North wing of the Mansion House, No. 150 St. Paul street. Post Master. — James Williams, Esq., residence Bonsecours street. Mails. — The iFails, to and from Montreal, arrive and are sent oft" to their respective destinations as follows : The Quebec mail arrives every day in the week, except Sunday and Tuesday; and is dispatched from Montreal every day, except Sunday and Friday, at four o'clock in the afternoon. The Upper Canada mail arrives on Wednesdays and Saturdays ; and is sent off on Mondays and Thursdays at half-past ten in the forenoon. The mail for the Ottawa, or Grand River, arrives every Friday morning ; and leaves every Tuesday, at eight o'clock in the morning. The mail for the United States, by way of Swanton, arrives on Friday mornings, and is made up on Saturday at two in the afternoon ; — and that, by way of Whitehall, and to St. Johns and Ciiambly, arrives on Monday and Friday mornings, and is dispatched on the same days at two in the afternoon, except to Whitehall, which goes on Thursdays, at the same hour. The mail for Halifax is made up every Monday fortnight — the periods of arrival are uncertain. Letters for Great Britain, by way of Quebec, Halifax, or New York, are sent by the regular mails, to those places; and the postage must be paid on them to such places. MAIL AND OTHER STAGES. Montreal to Kingston, Mail Stage. — Honice Dickinson, proprietor — leaves Montreal from Lyman's tavern, McGill street, every Monday and Thursday morning, at eleven o'clock, and leaves Kingston for Montreal on tlic same diiys, at the same hour. Montreal to St. Andreics and Granville. Stage. — Thomas Peck, proprietor — leaves Mont- real from Cushing's tiivern, McGill street, every Tuesday morning at eight o'clock, and arrives at St. Andrews the same day ; leaves St. Andrews for Grenville next morning, and returns from St. Andrews for Montreal every Thursday morning at four o'clock. There is a winter line of stages to Quebec and the United States, the arrangements for which are not at present made. Could one of our old inhabitants rise out of his grave and wend his way to the wharf he would be astonished on some fine day in midsummer to see the number of steamers (ocean, lake and river), lying at the wharves. The following is interest- ing as siiowing all the steamboats in the summer of IS 1 9, belonging to Montreal : STEAMBOATS. The steamboats in the St. Lawrence River, in general, run from the month of May to December. 34 MONTREAL, ITS HISTORY. Names. Leave Montreal. Caledonia, Capt. Reed, Friday Morning. Car of Commerce, do D. C. McDonnell, Sunday do Lady ijherbrooke, do A. McDonald, Sunday do Malsham do — Raymont, Thursday do New Swiftsure, do W. B. Larers Tuesday do Quebec, do Wm. Hall, Wednesdaydo Telegraph, do Wm. Bush, Tuesday do TEAM BOAT, A team boat passes from L'Esperance's tavem, at the foot of St. Marie's Current to Longueuil every one, two, or three hours, as the wind and weather permits. Ferriages. — Ferry Boats pass to and from Laprairie, Longueuil, &c., to the old and new market slips, whenever they are required. LIST OF PHYSKJIANS AND SURGEONS, 1819, It is remarkable that in all the list there is not a single French name of those of the present day : James Abbott, Daniel Arnold, F. X. Bender, John Blackwood, Wm. Caldwell, Cyrus Fay, Henry Grassett, JohnB. Herigoult,George Hooper, Mr. Kenelley, R. E. Kimber, (he is inserted thus: physician, surgeon and apothecary, medical reposi- tory, 83 Notre Dame street,) Henry Leodel, Hen- ry Munro,Robert Nelson, (the celebrated Dr. Robt. Nelson of the troubles of '37-'38,) Dr. Samuel Newcomb, Martyr Paine, Wru. Robertson, George Selby, Wm. Selby, Robert Sheldon, Andrew Smyth, Benjamin Trask, Total, 22 ; now, in 1875, there are 154. LIST OF JUDGES, ATTORNEYS AND LAWYERS, A.D., 1819. Benjamin Beaubien, Joseph Bedard, F. X. Bender, John Boston, (afterwards sheriiT of Mont- real) ; Louis Bourret, (clerk of the peace) ; John Delisle, Fred. W. Ermatinger, (sheriff) ; Samuel Gale, (afterwards Judge) ; James C. Grant, Louis Grey, magistrate ; Hughes Heney, George Henshaw, Janvier Lacroix, Thomas McCord, police magistrate ; Jean Marie Mondelet, police magistrate and coroner ; Monk, the Hon. Tames, president and administrator in chief; Monk, Samuel Wentworth, prothonotary of the Court of King's Bench ; Michael O'Sullivan, Antoine B. Panet, (afterwards Judge) The Hon. George Pyke, Judge of His Majesty's Court of King's Bench, 20 St. Urbain street ; (he was the father of the present depu.^ prothono- tary). Fred. Aug, Quesnel, The Hon. James Reid, judge of His Majesty's Court of King's Bench, Panet street ; Jean Roch Rolland, Francois Rol- land, magistrate ; David Ross, His Majesty's advo- cate general and attorney at law, 11 St. Gabriel street ; N. P. Rositer ; James Stuart, (afterwards Chief Justice Sir James Stuart) ; L. M. Viger, Wm. Walker. Total, 29 in 1819 ; now, in 1875, there are 237. LIST OF NOTARIES, a.d., 1819, Thomas Barron, Thomas Bedoin, J. .M. Cadieux, (hence Cadieux street,) P. E, Davelny, Louis Demers, Joseph Desautels, Francois Dezery, Peter Gamelin, Henry Griffin, Andr^ Jobin, L, H, Latour, F. G. Lepallieur, Louis Levesque, protho- notary Court of King's Bench ; Louis Joseph Papi- neau, (attorney at law and speaker of the Provin - cial Assembly, 5 Bonsecours street.) He was the celebrated Hon. L. J. Papineau in '37 and the father of our respected present prothontary.) Joseph Papineau, Charles Prevost. Total, 16 in 1819 ; now, in 1875, there are 88. EDITOR'S NOTE. As it 19 impossible in one Volume to give the Biographical Sketches with Photographs of all the principal citizens of Montreal, (both dead and Uring), the Author intends continuing the series in Vols. II. and III., to be published during the year. 36 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SIB HUGH ALLAN Was born at Saltcoats, in the county of Ayr, Scotland, on the ii9th September, 1810. He is the second son of the late Captain Allan, who was long and favorably known as a highly popular shipmaster, trading between the Clyde and Mon- treal. During the thirty years he was engaged in that business, the different ships he commanded were much sought after by passengers ; and many persons still living throughout the province retain to this day pleasant reminiscences of the voyages which they made across the Atlantic under his watchful care. Sir Hugh sailed from Greenock, for Montreal, on the 12th April, 1826, in the hvig Favorite, of which his father was then commander, and his eldest brother second officer. Arriving in Montreal he filled an engagement in the establishment of Wm. Kerr & Co. After this he travelled for some time i:i the United State8,and re-visited Scotland, where Le remained one year, and returned to Montreal. Having decided to make it his home he entered the firm of J. Millar & Co., shipbuilders and ship- pers and thus had ample scope in the display of liis acquired knowledge. So well did he acquit him- self, that after the short period of 4 years he was admitted as a partner of the firm. In the year IS38 Mr. Millar died, and the business was thereafter conducted by Edmonstone & Allan, whicli firm, through various mutations of title, and vastly in- creased business relations, is still continued under the title of H. & A. AUan. In 1837-'38 Sir Hugh served as Captain in the Volunteers. He is President of the ]\roiitreal Telegraph Co., has been, or is still President of the Canadian Navigation Co., The Slerchants' Bank of Canada, Lake Memphreinngog Navigation Co., The Mulgrave Gold Mining Co., Montreal Ware- housing Co., Vennont and (Canada JIarble Co., be- sides a great number of other industries and com- panies. Indeed no man in the Dominion of Canada has deserved public recognition like Sir Hugh Allan, and tlierefore Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen on her part acknowledged his past services by Knighting lii?n with her own liand, and thereby proving that indomitable perseverance and continued industry will ultimately anosite, was born at St. Vincent de Paul He also studied at St. Tlidr^se. Was admitted to the Bar in the year 1836, and has ever since enjoyed a large practice. He is at present in co-partnersiiip with the grandson of the celebrated Col. DeSalaberry of Cliateauguay renown. e^ MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 41 NAPOLEON AUBIN. est n^ en 1812, a Chesnes, pres de Geneve, dans la Suisse Fran^aise, pays des raisonneurs par excel- lence, bien jeune ;i 17 ans, croyons-nous, il vint vers 1829, a New York d'ou aprds un court s^jour il passa au Canada qu'il n'a point quitt^ depuis si ce n'est pour faire plusieurs voyages aux Etats-Unis a propos du gaz qui porte son nom et qui est maintenant employe dans beaucoup de localit^s, surtout chez nos voisins. II peut done etre regarde a bon droit, comme un vrai Canadien-Frangais. M. Aubin est un talent pour dire Universel Litte- rature, politique, philosophie, mathematiques, chimie et mecanique. II a redig^ successivement le Fan- tasque le Castor, le Canadien, le Canadien Inddpen- dant, la Tribune, le Pays et le National. II fut I'un des plus ardents admiratcurs de Papi- neau dont il eut aussi I'honneur d'etre Tuniio sincore et constant. M. Aubin et son journal furent intime- ment lies aux ^venemeuts de rinsurrection de 1837 et aux luttres politiques produites par I'union des deux Canadas. II fut nomme secretaire de la fameuse association de la Reformc et du Progres fond^ a Quebec en 1847. II fut I'un des fondateurs de la " Society Saint Jean- Baptiste de Quebec. En 1869 I'lnstitut Canadien de Montreal le nomme son president. Lorsque le Tribune cessa de paraitre M. Aubin s'en fut resider a Belceil ou il v^cu retire do la politique active. Quelques annees plus tard M. Aubin fut charge do la redaction du Pays qu'il maintient avec une rare habilite et un talent de polomique de premiere force. Au jourd'hui M. Aubin demoure a Montreal. Quoique sur I'iige, il conserve, neanmoins toute la vivacite de la jeunesse. Vieux de corps, mais alerto d'esprit, il pourrait encore tcnir la plume et lutter avec avantage contre les plus rudes jouteurs do la presse. ELKANAH BILLINGS, r.R.G.S. Mr. Billings is one of the most talented pale- ontologists that Canada possesses, whose name has for years been associated with the Geological Sur- vey of Canada. He is an Ottawaite, having been born in the township of Gloucester, on the Ottawa, on the 5th of May, 1820. His father's family came originally from Wales, and settled in the New England States. His father was born in Massachusetts during the war of the revolution, shortly after wiiich his grandfatiier came to Canada, and settled near Brockville. Mr. Billings pui-sued his studies partly at Ottawa city and partly at Potsdam, N.Y. He entered the Law Society of Upper Canada as a student-at-law in Trinity term, 1S40 ; and studied at different offices, in Ottawa and Toronto. At the latter place he completed his probationary studies, and was called to the bar in 1S45. He practiced in Ottawa city and the ad- joining county of Renfrew until June, 185G, when he was appointed pala>tiologist of the Geolo- gical Survey of Canada. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Geological Society of London in February, 1858. While residing at Ottawa city Mr. Billings made a large and vahiable collection of the fossils which abound in the rocks of the neighborhood. By studying these, he made himself well acquainted with the palajtiology of the Silurian rocks of Canada. His first papers were published in the Ottatca Citizen newspaper, and in the Camidian Journal of Toronto ; the latter the organ of the Canadian Institute, and a most valuable publica- tion. Ill February, 1856, Mr. Billings published the first number of the Canadian Naturalist, a periodical devoted to scientific objects, which proved extremely successful. The first volume was edited by Mr. Billings. He also took an active part in the compiling and issuing of the Canadian Journal and of Silliman^s Journal. In 1863 he obtained a medal of honor at the Univer- sal Exhibition of Loiulon, and in 1S67 the Histori- cal Society of Montreal conferred on him the same honor. Periiaps there is no man who has written so much as Mr. Billings on a vast variety of suljjects comiected with his profession. It would be impossible liere to enumerate tliem. He is thus spoken of in Liftcrature Canadienne : " Mr. Billings est au dire des savants, la plus haute autoriti! de la jtuissance en fait de paleontologie" He is still busily engaged in his erudite and deep profession. 42 MONTREAL,— BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. STANLEY CLAEK BAGG, JJ. During the latter part of tlie last century one of the memhers of this family, who iiad married a daughter of the old English house of Stanley, came to settle in America, and was the jtatenial grand- father of the subject of the present memoir. The ancient family of Bagg can claim descent from the distinguished race of Normans, or Norse- men, and the first ancestor of wliom any autiien- tic record is preserved came over from the ice- bound shores of Sweden in thetimeofHardicanute, about A.D. 1040, and settled in England, where a branch of the family still exists. The coat of arms of the Bagg family of Ply- mouth was granted in 1007. Shield : Paley and bendy of six counter-charged ar. and gu. on a chef-or; three cinque-foils az. Crest: a cinque- foil az., between two wings endorsed the dexter gu., the other ar. The motto " Remember " is an expression under which great mysteries were supposed to be concealed, it being the last word uttered by King Charles, the martyr, in 1649. Stanley Clark Bagg was born in Montreal, A.D. 1820. He received his education at some of the principal city academies, and at ilcGill College. In 1842, he was admitted to the notarial profes- sion; but, after practising successfully for some years, was induced to relinquish it, as he wished to give his personal supervision to the management of his estates, being at the time (after the sei- gneurs of St. Sulpice) the largest landed proprietor on the island of Montreal, having inherited his ex- tensive properties in that city, as well as a Freehold estate in England, from his grandfather, the late John Clark. In 1844 Mr. Bagg married the eldest daughter of the late Robt. Mitchescn, of Monteith House, Philadelphia, a native of Durham, Eng- land. As ea-ly as the Rebellion of 1838, Mr. Bagg's ever thorough loyalty to the Crown vi'as evinced, when he volunteered as ensign, and was at St. Eustache, subsequently rising in the service to the rank of a captain of cavalry. He was also an honorary member of the Mont- real Field Battery of Artillery and the Hociielaga Light Infantry ; but in 18.59, by his own re(iuest, was placed on the unattaclied list with a view to future service in the Active force. He was appointed one of Her Jlajesty's Justices for Montreal in 18-59, and for a time performed judicial duties. In January, lS()-5, a large deputa- tation, consisting of seven representatives, from each ward in the city, waited on him to solicit his acceptance of the position of Mayor, which he declined. He also invariably refused to partici- pate in poUtics, or to accept a seat in Parliament ; but took great interest in the benevolent, literary, and scientific socieries of ^loutreal ; having been one of the founders of the Numismatic and Anti- quarian Society, in which he continued to take great interest until the time of his death, and of which he was President. When the publication of the journal was first suggested, he entered most heartily into the project, and was unanimously placed upon the editorial staff; and a more pleasant and genial companion in editorial labors could not have been selected. The local press was largely indebted to his pen, and many of our readers are acquainted with Mr. Bagg's Numismatic and Archaeological Treatises ; but we cannot refrain from giving the titles of some of his most able productions, which have all been warmly noticed by the press of England and America : 1. '^Notes on Coins.^' 2. " Coins and Medals as aids to the Study and Verification oj Hohj Writ." 3. "^ Chronological Numismatic Com- pendium of the Twelve Ccesars, &cP 4, " Archmoh- yia Americana." 5. " Canadian Archeeology." 6. " Tadousac." 7. " The Antiquities and Legends of Durham." He was also one of the founders and the first president of the English Workingmen's Benefit Society," which has been of incalculable value to the famihes of the hundreds of members wh« were induced to join tlirough his instrumen- tality and patronage. In addition to the societies just named, Mr. Bagg belonged to other literary, scientific, national, religious, and charitable asso- ciations, being Life Governor of the Protestant House of Industry and Refuge, Vice-President of the Montreal Dispensary, and a Life Member of the following societies : The Cathedral Young Men's Christian Association, the British Association forthe Advancement of Science, the Numismatic Socie- ties of London and Philadelphia, the Natural His- tory Society of Montreal, the Horticultural and Agricultural Society, the Mechanics' Institute, and a corresponding member of the State Histor- ical Society of Wisconsin, U.S. Surrounded by all the members of his family, except his only son, who was absent in Europe, and by clergy and friends, he died on the 8th of August, 1873, at his residence, Fairmount Villa, Sherbrooke street. The funeral was attended by a very large number of citizens. We are glad to append here wh^.i is recorded of ]Mr. Bagg in the " Histoire de la J^itterature Cana- dienne,'' printed in 1874. " M. Bagg a rendu, comme on le voit, de grands servicos h la science en Canada. Les connaissances g^ologiques de uotre sol ne font que commencer h percer ; c'est une ^tude neuve encore pour nous. Nous ne pou- vons ([ue gagner en ^tudient des couches de notre terrain et le composition de nos terres. " Les travaux de Logan, Dawson, Hunt, Billings, Bagg, et de quelques autres encore, ont d'^blay^ en partie la route, niais le champ qui nous est ou- vert est encore vaste et spacieux ; entrons y cou- rageusenient, et bientot lag^iologie et I'archeologie seront en Canada sur le m6me pied que I'histoire." St MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 43 WILLIAM CRAIG BAYNES. Was born in Quebec in 1809, and went home with his parents in 1815 ; he was the eldest of five sons, three of whom entered the array. He was educated for the civil service of the Honorable East India Company, to which he received liis appointment, and went to Heylebury College ; he was a contem- porary there with Sir Thomas Lawrence, the late Governor General of India. On the death of his father he ^ave up his a:)pointment, and shortly after entered Trinity College, Cambridge, taking his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1836, passing through the Divinity School with a view to ordin- ation. In 1839 he was summoned to take his Master's degree, but conscientiously declining the oath of conformity the degree was refused. Having married in 1841 a daugliter of Dr. Augus- tus Harvey, of Cole Park in the county of Wilts; in 1843 he came to Canada, and settled on the lands purchased by his fatlier in 1809, and having arrived proceeded to Kingsey where he farmed extensively for twelve years, and assisted materially in the introduction of improved breeds of cattle into the neighboring districts. In 1S-5G, on the Secretarysliip of the Royal Institution for Advancement of Learning being vacant, and being solicited by Iiis friends to apply, the appointment was conferred upon him in May of that year, and he has held the appointment to the present; and while ardently desiring the progress of the estate and welfare of the university, he secured at the same time a material end he had in view, viz., the education of his four sons — all of whom took their degrees in one or other of tlie Faculties ; being trained at the High School and graduating at McGill University. The connection of this family in Canada is as far back as the early part of this century. Major General Baynes was born in the year 1771, and was trained at the military academy at Marlow. He was the eldest of five sons ; the four younger were all educated at Woolwich academy, where their uncle, the late General Sir John McLeod, was Adjutant-General, who married Lady Emily Kerr, daughter of the Marquis of Lothian, whose eldest son was Lieutenant Colonel of the 42iid Highlanders, and fell leading the forlorn Hope at the capture of Badajos ; they entered the Royal Artillery and served in the Peninsular war; two of them were in the battle of Waterloo. The sub- ject of the present memoir received his commis- sion in 1783, and after serving at Gibraltar and the West Indies he became aide-de-camp to Major IGeneral Sir James Ileniy Craig, K.C.B., in 17s>4. : He wiis witli Sir James at the taking of the Cape [of Good Hope iu 1795, and also at the capture of a Dutch Force in Saldanka Bay in 1796, and obtained his majority in 7Gth foot ; he proceeded with Sir James to India, where he served through the whole of that General's active service. Here he married Anne Francis, the only child of Wil- liam Cator, of the Honorable East India Com- pany's Civil Service, who fell in the action of the Kent, East Indiaman captured by French priva- teers in 1800. On returning to England, in 1803, he was appointed Lieut.-Colonel of the 5th Foot, and in 1805 joined the expedition at Portsmouth under Sir James Craig, who again wishing his ser- vices as his first aide-de-camp he was placed on half pay and served witli Sir James at Gibraltar, Malta, Naples and Sicily until 1806 when the expedition returned to England. For a long time there had been serious nusunderstanding with the Cabinet at W^ashington, and war was considered imminent with the United States ; the English Government, therefore, felt it was necessary to set the Canadas in defence. Upon the urgent solici- tations of the Govermnent Sir James Craig, whose health was then considerably impaired, at the time consented to come out as the Governor- General, with tlie nomination of the two kings appointment of Adjutant-General and Quarter Mas- ter General of Britisli Nortli America ; to the Ad- jutant Generalsliip Colonel Baynes was appointed, and Colonel, afterwards Lieut. General S r James Kemp, G.C.B., to the Quarter Master General- ship. They arrived in 1S07, and took active mea- sures to carry out the end in view — one of tl.em was the strategical road, known as the present Craig's road, tliat pass, s through the Eastern Townships, then the only communication between Quebec and that district. The expenses of this undertaking were met by the sale of lands in the townships, and the subject of this memoir pur- chased a considerable tract in the Township of Kingsev. On tiie raising of the Glengarry Fen- cibles tne Colonelship was given to the Adjutant- General. Sir James's health failing him rapidly, he begged to 1"^ recalled, and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost, Baro- net. Colonel Kemp had previously ret'irned to England and joined the Duke of Wellington, but the Adjutant General remained and was actively engaged througli the war of 1812: among other engagements he led the troops at the taking of Sacket's Harbour. On Sir Gordon Drummond succeeding Sir George Prevost, General Baynes, being earnestly pressed to attend the trial of Sir George Prevost, returi'ed to England, and peace being shortly after declared his military services closed. The General died in 1829. 44 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ALDIS BERNABD, L.D S.. The subject of this sketch was born on the beautiful banks of Meraphremagog, Province of Quebec — consequently Dr. Bernard is a Canadian by birth, although when quite a child he was taken to the United States. There he obtained all that could be acquired in dentistry. He prac- ticed about 10 years in the Southern States, and in 1840 came North on account of his health. Previous to his leaving the South he had married a lady of Maryland. He spent a short time at Niagara and other parts of Ontario, but in 1841 came to Montreal, where he has ever since lived. There were only three dentists hi Montreal tlien,the names of whom few of the present generation have ever heard of. The three dentists were called Spooner, Logan and Scripture. In 1S44, when Mon- treal was the seat of government,Dr. Bernard endea- vored to improve the condition of his profession by legislation, but the burning of the Parliament House with the Act containing the improved clauses, put an end to his attempts at that time. He, however, persisted in his efforts, and being strongly aided by the dentists of Montreal and Quebec, finally succeeded in obtaining an Act of Incorporation which has greatly elevated tlie standard of ability in his profession and nuidc it honorable and useful. He was appointed the first president under the provisions of the Act, and, having from time to tinni been re-elected by tlie Association, still holds that office. This year a heavy bereavement fell upon him in the deatli of his btloved wife and only child. He has always been and is still an active member of tht! city and its council. In 185S he was elected city councillor for the Centre ward, and has a most always since represented that ward. Among other public matters in wliich lu; lias taken a mott active part and interest, lie has been presic ent of the Mechanics Institute, one of tlie founders of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, an honorary member and dental licentiate of Ontario, and also of the Ontario Dental Society. He has been successive- ly chaimian of the Finance Committee, of the Police, and of the new City Hall. He is the author or the chief promoter of many of the most beneficial by-laws of Montreal, such as City Passenger, Sunday Liquor, Milk Inspection and Tree Planting by-laws. Perliaps no man in Mon- treal lias done more in the Council than Dr. Bernard. On the 2.3rd of June, 1873, he was unanimously elected to the highest office in the city on the death of Mayor Cassidy, and next year, 1874, in opposition to five other candidates, he wiis again almost unanimously re-elected mayor. During his term of office the Mountain park has been acquired by the city, also the Dominion square, the old Protestant burying ground, Quebec gate barracks, St. Helen's Island and Logan's farm for pubUc pur- poses. The new City Hall has been begun, and many other essential and recognized improvements in the Montreal City Charter, Water Works, sanitary and other matters. He has been asked to stand for tlie Legislature several times, and has always refused. Dr. Bernard is a harbor commissioner, a direc- tor of the Northern Colonization Railway, a justice of the Peace, one of the license commissioners by Act of Parliament, and holds the rank of P.G.M. in Masonry. In politics he is a Liberal, in religion a Wealeyan. He married ag.' 'i in 18.51, and has a family of five sons and two daughters. His eldest son died very suddenly « few weeks ago, a fine, intel- ligent and promising lad. We are glad to record this short biographical sketch of a self-made man as an incentive to the young men of Montreal of the present generation. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 45 PIERRE BEAUBIEN, M.D. One of our oldest and most respected physicians. He was born at La Baie du Febvre, and educated at tiie College of Nicolet. After finishing his studies he went to Paris, and graduated in the University there. Returning to Montreal, he established a flourishing and lucrative practice. He married Justine, daughter of the late Hon. C. E. Casgrain, seigneur de la Riviere Ouelle. One son is a priest, another the present member for Hochelaga County, and a daughter a nun. He represented the City of Montreal from 1841 to 1844, and again had the honor of being elected for the County of Chamblyfrom 1848 to 1851 in the Canadian Assem- bly. Since then he has attended to the onerous duties of his profession, and has been the visiting and consulting physician to the Hotel Dieu and the Montreal Gaol for a long period of years. He ia now the patron and dean of the French School of Medicine in Montreal in connection with the Victoria College, Ontario. Though frail some- what, on account of age, the venerable doctor is still daily seen doing his rounds of duty, and the writer, the autiior of this book, for the past ten years has often, as cha[)lain to tiie i\[ontreal Gaol, seen instances of his assiduity and energy. LOUIS BEAUBIEN, M.P.P, Is the son of PieiTe Beaubien, Esq., M.D., and descended from Trottier de Beaubien, who came to this country from France in 16.50. He was born in Montreal, 27th July, 1837, and educated at the College of St. Sulpice. In 1SG4 he married Suzanne Lauretta, tlie daughter of the Hon. Mr. Justice Stuart of Quebec. He is a member of the Agri- cultural Council of Quebec and president of the Hochelaga Agricultural Society. He is also vice- president of tlie Nortliern Colonization Railway Company. He represented Hochelaga in the House of Commons from tiie general elections in 1872 to tiiose of 1874, when he retired from the House of ConnnoiiH in order to confine himself to the Assembly. He was first returned to the Assembly at the general elections 1867, and ha8 ever since continued the member for the county. 46 MONTREAL— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JACaUES OLIVIEE BUREAU, N.P. The family of Senator Bureau came originally from Normandy, France. He is the son of Jac- ques Bureau, Esq., a merchant of Three Rivers, and was born there on the 6th February, 1820. He passed with distinction through the various classes ofNicolet College, and early began life for himself, being admitted as a Notary Public of Lower Canada in 1843. In 1844 he married Mdlle. H^l^ne St. Pierre, who died in 1852, and afterwards in 18()8 again married, his partner being Madame J. H. Terroux. In the Canadian Assembly from the general election in 1854 until September, 18(12, he sat for the constituency of Napierville. In 1SG2 he was elected for the De Lorimier Division in Lower Canada, which he faithfully and assidu- ously represented till the Union of the Provinces, 1867. From January to May, 1863, he was a member of tlie Executive Council and also Pro- vincial Secretary of Canada, having succeeded the Honorable A. A. Dorion. He was called by Royal Proclamation, May, 1867, to the high position of Senator of the Dominion of Canada for the district of De Lorimier. He was one of the most active promoters of the anti-seigniorial movement, and also a member of tiie Reform Convention which met in Quebec on that subject. The Hon. Mr. Bureau took a leading part in the debate in the Senate on Christie's motion respecting the Pacific Railway. The Hon. gentleman has always been, and is a consistent reformer. He is indeed an example of a self-miide man, who through his own indomitable perseverance and energy has raised himself to the highest position to which a citizen can attain (save the Local Governorship), viz., a Senator of the Dominion of Canada. His hfe should be a gnomon for others of the same profession to endeavor to do likewise. S/j^ MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 47 LOUIS BOYEE. Louis Boyer est ne a Montreal, le 30 Novembre 1T95 du mariage de Francois Boyer et Josette Boutone. II debuta dpna la vie comme ma^on et en cette qualite il fat mi des constructeurs du Canal Rideau et du Penitencier a Kingston. Sea dispositions pour le commerce etaient trop prononcees pour le laisser longtemps k ces occupations et de bonneheure sans aucun capital que quelques sols, cntra dans la carriSre en tant de succds I'attendaient. Humble en toutes choses, mais neanmoins toujours pret a se former une opinion sur les affain-s les plus compli- quees, il ^tait souvent consulte et il est rare que Ton ait eu a regretter de suivre son avis. S'il lui arrivait deprouver quelque mesaventure il ne se plaignait pas, il n'accusait que lui-meme " j'aurais du le prevoir " se disait-il, depuis les modestes commencements de sa carridre, jusque dans les plus grands suceis, il est reste humble et sans pretention, poli, hospitaller. Peu d'hommes avaient le regard aussi vif et aussi clair pour voir en un clin d'oeil au fond d'une affaire et peu d'hommes laissent derriere eux une plus haute reputation de loyants et de droiture, aucun ^crit ne valait mieux que sa parole. II a laiss^ une fortune de 2)lus d'un million, et qui est destin^e a so doubler en peu d'annees. C'^tait I'une de ses qnalites devoir de loin. Les propridtds qu'il a acquises d'immenses 6tendues de terre k Monti'eal aupres de la ville et dej4 presqu'au centre de la ville et a Lachine que le com- merce destine a rivpliser un jour avee Montreal, ces propridtes croissent en meme temps que ses enfants en Sge et en importance. Le 14 Juillet 1836, M. Boyer dpousa en seconde noce Mademoiselle M. Aurdlie Mignaultde St. Denis, niece de cet incomparable curd Mignault qui laissa tant d'amis den-iere lui. De ce mariage sont nds L. Alp. Boyer, M. P. pour Maakinongd, Charles Boyer, Arthur Bo3-er, et Mesdames Augusto Amos et Horace Baby. M. L. Boyer est decedd le 21 Decerabre 1870 apres une courte maladie. II tStait alors I'un des directeurs de la Banque Jacques Cartier. Son caractore charitable a laissd une trace inefTa^- able dans le legs des intdrets d'une somme de $4,000 a perpetuite, pour donner du pain aux pauvres. Ses heritiers doivent conserver aussi a perpetuity le con- trolede la distribution dece legs. M. Boyer aval t pour politique le respect des grands citoyens de son pays. 11 avail etdl'ami intimedes honorable L. J. Papineau, L. W. Lafontaine, A. N. Morin, etc., etc. LOUIS ALPHONSE BOYER, M. P. Was born in Montreal, 2l8t May, 1839, and is the eldest son of Louis Boyer who in his lifetime was a merchant of Montreal. He was educated at the Chambly and Jesuits Colleges. Leaving this last named in 1855 he entered into commercial pursuits, and has beer director of several financial institutions, and is aLo the member of the Federal Parliament for Maskinonge County. He marrie(i in 18(55 Miss Alphonsino Meilleur, daughter of the lirst and well known Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada, and who now resides in Quebec. Mr. Boyer is now one of the managers of the Estate Boyer, an estate of considerable wealth, giving it all his atten- tion. Ahvaj's very fond of farming and especially of horticulture, Mr. Boyer has made the country his home, and is now residing at Longue Pointo, two miles east of Montreal. 48 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. COL. BOOKER. Alfred Booker, the subject of this sketch, was born in Nottingham, Engliuul, in 1824, consequent- ly at the time of his early death he was only 47 years of age. The family came to Canada in 1842. His father wiis a Baptist clergyman of Hamilton, and lost his life at the terrible Desjardins Bridge accident. Great Western Railway, in 18-57, when Samuel Zimmerman, Alderman Stuart, and many other men of note all perished. His son com- menced business in Hamilton, and soon by his assiduity and honesty attracted the confidence and patronage of the business men of Canada. It was,however, as a devotee to the promotion of the volunteer movement that he deserves especial mention. No man evoked the martial spirit of the yonng men of the old Gore district of Upper Canada, now Ontario, more than the late Col. Booker. He organized the 1st Battery of Volun- teer Artillery there in 1853, and at his own ex- pense bought two field-pieces and the whole accoutrements for both men and guns. In 1855 he organized Field Battery B. In 1858 he was gazetted Lieut-Col. commanding all the active force of the city of Hamilton. He commanded at ^iiagara Falls, when he was specially tiianked by H. R. H. tiie Prince of Wales, and also a general order to that effect was sent by the Gov-General. In lSG4he visited England, and had tlie high lionor of been presented to the Queen by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. In 1866, during the Fenian Raid at Ridgeway, he did his duty fully and well, and although the results of that action, owing to the slow movements of Col. Peacock and the regulars, were not altogether such as might have been realized had Col. Booker been promptly supported by Her Majesty s Troops, nevertheless, when an investigation took place at his request, the verdict was that both his action and conduct were entirely approved of by those in authority. He retired shortly after, from the service, and removed to Montreal, where he devoted his whole attention to business^ and to him we may apply the French term that in his business standing he was " sans reproche." ALEXANDER Was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, 1811. He was the son of a blacksmith, and learned the busi- ness with his ftither. He came to Canada in 1834, and was then attached to the Volunteer Fire Pro- tecting Company, till 1841, when the Fire Depart- ment was organized under J. B. Bronsdon, as chief engineer. He was then attaclied to No. 4 fire engine cataract, then worked at tlie brakes, was then raised to be branchman, then lieutenant, then captain: all these changes took place between the years 1841-1849. In 1849 he was appointed assistant engineer. When he received that appointment, tlie members of tiie conipnuy over which he was captain presented him with a handsome silver snuff box. This position he held till 1852, wlien he was appointed chief engineer of the Fire Department. After that he was entirely occupied with fire matters, and several times visited the United States for the purpose of inspecting the fire departments in the large cities of the Union. For sev(;ral years after his appoint- ment, the Fire Department was composed of about 400 men. So soon as the new water works of the city, and the cistern on the present elevatreceda pen de temps une attaquo de paralysie ; cet arret dans sa vie si active et si laborieuse fit fairo de progros rapide a la maladie qui ameua sa mort. II mourut le 25 Sept., 1872, a midi. C'etait unmercro- di, jour sj^ecialemont voue a St Joseph, patron de toutcs les (Buvros qu'il entreprenait. Sa mort, douco tranquille ot sans agonie, fut le preluile ici has de I'eternelle gloire qui I'attendait d la sortie de cetto vie. Sa mort fut celle du juste. II avait 74 ans. Los funerailles eurent lieu a I'Egliso Notre Dame au milieu tl'un concours immense decitoyens. Monsoi- gnour Bourget voulut honorer le cooperateur lo plus zele de ses oeuvres en assistant aux obseques et en faisant I'absoute. Monsignoro Vinet, proche parent du dofunt, colebra la messe fun<5raire. Les pauvres et les infortunes qu'il avait tant aime pendant sa vie no furent pas oublids par lui ajires sa mort. M. Berthelet ne laisse pas d'heritiers directs do son nom. 50 MONTREAL,— BIOGRArHICAL SKETCHES. GEORGE BROWNE. Wasborn in Belfast, Irt'liiiid, 5tli November, ISll. His father of the sjiine name was an architect of that city. He came to Quebec in 1830, where he resided for a number of years and practiced iiis profession of an architect. Durinfi the rebellion of 1S37-S he held a commission in the Militia, and then took an active part. In 1S40 he removed to Montreal, in 1S41 he was sent to Kingston to pre- pare the Parliament Buildings there, and was at the same time the architect of the City Hall and Market and a large number of private dwellings and stores. In 1S44 he was sent by the Board of Works Department to Montreal also to prepare the Parliament Buildings and other Governuient offices; and " Monklands," the residence then of the Governor General, the Cit}- Hall and the City Concert Hall were fitted up under his supervision. In 1S51-2 he was employed by the Board of Works Department to proceed to Quebec to plan and superintend the .".Iterations in the Parliament Buildings (since destroyed by fire) and Spencer Wood, the Governor General's residence. In 1854 he was unanimously elected to represent the Centre Ward. In 1857 he was appointed to the Conmiission of the Peace. Special mention may be made of the Montreid Merchants' Exchange, subsequently destro3-ed by fire, and the Molson Banking House, which were also designed by Mr. Browne. He is still actively employed in his pro- fession. DUNBAR BROWNE, M.D., D.C.L. Was born in Quebec, 3rd November, 183-5. Af- ter passing creditably through two first class schools, he entered JIcGill College, and gradu- ated B.A. in ISoC). While following the Arts course, he also followed that of Law, having been indentured in 1852 to tlie Hon. Lewis J. Driim- mond. Attorney General, then in partnership with Messrs. Loranger & Dunloj). He graduated as B.C.L. in 1857, and in this year was admitted to the Bar. In 1801 lie entered into a law partner- ship with the late C. J. Dimlop, Esq., under the firm of Dunlop & Browne, which was dissolved by the death of Mr. Dunlop in 1S71. The fcdlow- ing year he fonned a second partnership witli Gershoni Joseph, Esq., which was dissolved in 1S74 owing to the a])pointnieiit of Mr. Browne to the responsible and important o'lfice of Collector of Inland Revenue for the Division of Montreal. In 18G1 Dr. Browne graduated inCom'seas M.A., and in 1871 as D.C.L. In 18(1-5 he was admitted to the first military school established in this city under the command of Colonel Lord Alexander Russel of the Rifle Brigade, and obtained both second and first class certificates, and shortly after he was gazetted to the conimaiid of a service militia battalion. lu IbCG during the Eenian e.xcitement he took conmiand of the Montreal Garrison Battery of .Vrtillt ly, and he was sent to Port Lennox, Isle aux Noix, where he remained for a period of twenty-six days on active service. In 1868 he obtained a lirst-cln-s certificate at the School of Gunnery under Colonel Williams. A member of the Orange Organization, he took an active part in its operations, and published in its interests "The Altar and The Throne." In 1803, he joined the Lil)eral jiarty, and was always a warm supporter and admirer of the Hon. A. A. Dorion (now Chief Justice,) whose last politiciJ act was the nomination of Dr. Browne to the Col- lectorship of Inland Revenue, vice P. Durnford, Esq., superannuated. In 1859 Dr. Browne mar- ried the daughter of J. P. Litchfield, M.D., Medical Superintendent of the Rockwood Lunatic Asylum, Kingston. JOHN JAMES BROWNE. Was born in Quebec, October 12th, 1837. At the age of nineteen he commenced his profession of an architect, and entered into four competitions with his seniors and was successful, and since that time lie has designed and superintended many of our noble edifices which adorn not only our city but also other towns tlu'oughout the Province. We will give the number of buildings he has had erected and those remarked especiidly : 25 villas, those of W. E. Phillii)s, D. Jlorrice, Jes.se Josepli, W. Clendimiing, A. St. Denis, D. Law, Hamilton, P.O., Rev. Fatiier ]\[urray, Cornwall. 14 ware- houses, Gordon, ilackay & Co., Toronto ; Messrs. Gault Bros. & Co., and the Albert Buildings, the two last buildings were won in competition. 3 banks, () markets, 40 stcn-es, 25 residences, 97 houses in terraces, 3 police stations, which are great addi- tions to our pul)lic buildings, 5 fire stations, 4 churclu's, Stormout Cotton, Cornwall, P.O.; Spool, Three Rivers, anil ]\Ioisie Works, city. Foundry, William Clendimiing. S monuments and tombs, Roman Catholic Cemetery, ilr. Browne has designed and is now sujterintending a rectoi"}' for Christ Churcli (.'athedral ; for Wni. Clendimieng, Esq., two warehouses; a villa for A. F. Gault, Esq., and in Toronto, P.O., a villa for John Gor- don, Es(|. ; residence for W. P. St'vbold, a terrace of tiiirteen houses for the Colonial l>. & I. Associa- tion, five houses tor Wm. Ivodden, Esi[., 14 hou.ses for Dr. (J'Leary. Mr. Browne iiaving visited Europe four times, and travelled throughout Eng- land, Scotland, Ireland, France, Germany, &c., examining all the ancient and modern buildings that were considered of any note, gained a very large anutunt of very valuable iid'ornlation which he could never have attained, hence the success his professiomd career. In December, 1S()7, he mar- ried a daughter ot the late Tiiomas Hay, Leith, Scotland, and has three chiklren. -'U' f^^^*'' MONTREAL,- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 51 THOMAS STORROW BROWN. Was born at St. Andrews, New Brunswick, on the 7th of May, 1S03. His grandfather was a Boston merchant, who sjvcrificed his all for the Royal cause, — andleft that city for Halifax in 177(i, when Boston was evacuated by General Gage. His grandniotiier was the granddaugliter of John Wentworth, and niece of SirBenning Wentwortli and cousin of John Wentworth, (afterwards Sir John, Governor of Nova Scotia,) who in succession were the three last Royal Governors of New Hampshire. She accom- panied to New Brunswick a son-in-law, Captain Thomas Storrow, of the British Army. On the ap- proach of war with the United States in ISll, wlien friends on the opposite sides of the River St. Croix were to become enemies, Mr. Brown retired as far as possible from the frontier to Woodstock, in the State of Vermont. Fi'om this place, his son, the sub- ject of this sketch, in Jlay, IS 1 8, tiien fifteen years old, came friendless and alone to ^Montreal, to enter the hardware store of Mr. J. T. 15arrett. In ISio he commenced the hardware business on his own ac- count, and in a few years had one of the largest es- tablishments of this trade in tlie city, which he giive up in 1835, devoting iiiuiself to public matters and land speculations. In 1S:J2, he was one of the principal organizers of the Vindicator newspaper, and soon became a public writer. He was the most active promoter of the Cliarter of the City Bank, which commenced business in 1^:53, and soon after eijually active in organizing tlu; Bun([ue du Peuple, of which he was one of the first direc- tors. In the summer of IS34, tlie law for the pro- tection of emigrants had expired, and there was no otlice or provision for them in Montreal. Sud- denl}' the cholera Itroke out, creating univeisal panic I the city being without funds, applied to Lord Aylmer, then Governor General, for an ad- vance, but was refused; tlie Mayor called a mw.t- ing of the cirizens, and in tliis way related his position, when Mr. Brown moved and carried a resolution naming himself and (o'lr other citizens, Felix Souligne, Toussainr Peltier, James Duncan Gibb, and Francois De.sautels, as a connnittee, to do all things needful. These gentlemen at once assumed full authority, and with tlicir own fniuh established Cholera Hospitals and slielter for emi- grants, furnished provisions to all in netsd, for- warded daily to their di-stination all wlio were in health, i)ayiMg tin; passage of all who had come destitute. Mr. Brown devotiul every morning to attendanct> in the hospital, and the afternoons to lorwarding emigrants. In all publicagitation up to the fall of iS37, Mr. Brown, being in daily commu- nication with Jlr. Papineau and other leaders of his party, was among the most active and idji(piitous in writing and public speaking. He wrote a seriesof letters signed Ij.M.S. to the A'cm' Yorh Krinrs.-f, on the alliiirs of Canada, When the Situ.-iof Uhrrtii were organized iu August, he was chosen general of that body. On the sixth of November, when returning homo alone after their last meeting, he was assailed by a body of the opposite party, and nearly beaten to death, losing the sight of his right eye, which he never recovered. The injin-ies thus sustained confined him to his home till the Kith November, when hearing tliat a warrant for high treason was issued against him he went down to Pointe aux Trembles, from which, after passing a day in bed on an island, he crossed to Varennes. When at supper there, he was joined by Alphonst; Gouvin and Rodolph Desri- vieres, two chiefsof the6'oKS o/Liberli/, who, by ac- cident, arrived at the same time. These three de- termined to establish a Military camp at St. Charles. Riding overm'erfectly and tiioroughly understood tiie French tongue. In I8.'J8 lie canu' to Jlontreal, and slnirtiy atti'rwanls commenced tiie study of law. In J 8 10 lie entered the ollice of Messrs. Aylwin and Short of Quebec, both eminent lawyers and who both afterwards be- came judges. In 1812 he removed to tlie office of the Honorable F. W. Prinnose, Q.C , where lie remained one year. Alterwanis he rfturned to iSlontreal and entered tlie oilic<' of tiie ll(ni(irai>le Sir Jolin Rose, wliere lie remained for two years, and was admitted to tiie Jiar in 1845. Mr. Carter soon aciiiiiied a most extensive practice, especially in criminal and municipal corjioiation alliiirs and prerogative writs. In 1856 lie published ^^ A Tnatisc oh Smumnnf CouvidioHH and (Jnkrs hy JusUcis of tin: J'cait." CARTER, Q.C. This work is cited as authority, and is referred to by the Bar and Bench. Mr. Carter as a criminal lawj'er hasno superior. In 1862 he was created a (Queen's Counsel, but on account of ill health slioitly afterwards accepted the offices of Cleriv of tiie Crown and Joint Clerk of the Peace. After two years he resigned, liaving been officially recognized in the most fiattering terms for the discharge of his onerous duties. Ill 1862 he \^ IS appointed assistant professor of Criminal Law in Met! ill University, and is now the only professor on that subject. He is a B.C.L. of iMcGill and a LL.D. of Bisiiop's College, Lennoxville, and has been one of tlie goveniDis of that Institution. In 1^67 he was elected by acclamation to repre- s<'nt Montreal in the Local Legislature of (^iieliec. In 1871 he was opposed by the Honoraiile L. Hol- ton, and only beaten by a majority of seven votes. The same year, in the fail, he was elected by accla- mation for Bronm county in the House of Com- mons, ( (ttawa, and in I S72 he was the seconder of the address. Since that time he has retired from Iiolitical liie to the duties of his profession, in wiiicii le is one of the must distinguished luminaries. ^-5^"^*- »5i^' 6' /,/. ',, MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 53 SIB aEORGE E. CABTIEE, BART. George Etiemie Cart'" • is the son of the late Jacques Cartier, of St. Antoine, and was born in 1814. He was educated at St. Sulpice, Montreal, and admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in 1835. In 18-54 he was created Q.C., and in ] 866 admitted to the bar of Upper Canada. About the time the " patriots " were deep in tiie troubles of '37 and '38, and Mr. Cartier, with the impetuosity of youth, advocated the popular cause. These troublous times over, Mr. Cartier settled down to the practice of his profession in Montreal, and soon won a distinguished position at the bar. At the general election, in March, 1848, he oifered himself as a candidate for the County of Vercheres, which at a former time had been represented by his grandfather. In this appeal he was successful and continued to sit for tliat County up to 1861, At the general election in 1857, when the late Jlr. McGee first appeared as a candidate for Parliamen- tary honours Mr. Cartier ran for Montreal as well as for his old constituency ; but the city then declared for the Opposition, returning Messrs. Dorion and McGee on that side, and Jlr. Rose as the only representative of the Ministerial party. Before the next general election Montreal was divided into three constituencies — East, West and Centre ; and in 1861 Mr. Cartier was returned for Montreal East, which division he continued to represent up to the time, when he was defeated by Mr. Jett<;, in 1871 when he was returned for Beauharnois and at last general elections returned by accliirnation for Provencher. Mr. Cartier entered Parliament as a Liberal, that is if we class the twoFrendi Canadian parties of the time, led respectively by tiie late Sir li. La- fontaine and the Hon. L. J. Papineau, as Liberals and Radicals (Rouges). When the Union between Upper and Lower Canada became an accomplished fact, Messrs. Baldwin and Lafontaine, the lieform leadi!rs of the ^W•stern and Eastern Provinces, joined their forces, and resting upon that act as the charter of the country's liberties, devised, and to some extent, carried out a policy designed for the general welfare of botli peoples, by giving to each the largest possible measure of privileges con- sistent with the rigiits of the otiier. In a few years Mr. liin<-ks succeeded Mr. Baldwin, and Mr. Morin Jlr. Lafontaine, but only to carry out the same [tolicy ; and as the LafoTitaine-Morin party had no oppusitiun am'>i)!r rhc French C'lnadians, it soon became t'le Freucii Canathan Conservative jiarty. On liie re-assembling of Parliament on tiie oth September, 1854, after the general eh'c- tion, Mr. Cartier was put forward as Ministerial candidate for the .Speakersliip. Tiie Opposition nominated j\rr. Sicdtt- wlio was »'lt>cte(i by a majority of tiiree, and tlie Macniih-Morin Tuiuistry imniediately came into power. Tiiis was the be- ginning of the famous " Coalition "government, of wliicli !\[r. Cartier became a member in January of the following year holding the office of Provincial Secretary until May, 1856, when he was appointed Attorney-General in the Tach^- Macdonald Cabinet then formed. When Sir E. P. Tachd retired from the Government, in Novem- ber, 1857, Mr. Cartier became the Lower Canada Premier, in the ilacdonald-Cartier Cabinet, and after tlie Ministerial changes in the first week of August, 18-58, tiie same Cabinet, with the title changed Cartier-Macdonald, continued in office until the 21st of May, 1862, when it retired from office on an adverse vote of the Assembly. Mr. Cartier was again invited to form a government in March, 1864, on the fall of the J. S. Macdonald-Dorion Cabinet, but declined in favour of Sir E. P. Tach^. In the TaclieMacdonald Cabinet then formed Mr. Cartier resumed the L. C. Attorney-Generalship, whicli he continued to hold up to the Union. On the first day of July, 1867, he was sworn in of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, and accepted the office of Jlinister of Militia and Defence in tlie government then formed by Sir John A-Macdonald, which office he held to his death. On the 1st of July, 1867, Lord Monck signified to the gentlemen assembled in the Privy Council Chamber the pleasure of Her Majesty tliat the dis- tinction of tlu! Companionship of tiie Bath be con- ferred upon ]Mr. Cartier, along with several otlier members of tiie Colonial Conference, whicli had sat in London to frame the " British North America Act of 1867." Tliat distinction Mr. Cartier, along with Mr. Gait, declined, and in tiie following year Her Majesty was pleased to create him a Baronet of the United Kingdom. Sir George Cartier had, along with Sir John A. Macdonald, the chief direction of public affairs in Canada for the past fifteen years. In 1838 he went to England relative to Confederation, and on that occasion had tiie distinguished honour of being tiie guest of Her Majesty at Windsor Castle. On the vexed question of tlie Seat of Government, Mr. Cartier proved loyal to the maintenance of the Queen's decision in favour of Ottawa. He was a prominent member of the Cliarlottetovvn andQuebec Conventions in 1864 and was, in66-67, among liie leading members of tiie Colonial Con- ference wliicii framed tiie Union Act. In tlie early fall of 1868 Sir George, witli tiie Hon. i\Ir. JIcDougall, again visited London to accomplisli a settlement witli tlie Hudson's Bay Conqiany, and repres<'nt t(j flie Tnqterial (Jovernment certain Cvdouial vit'ws regarding tlie suliject of defen(■(^ SirGeorge left Canada in t872on account of iiis health, and after travelling for some time. Ids healtli ajiparently restored, died somewhat sud- denly in London on the 20tii Jlay, fS73. His remains were sent over to (.'aiiada liy tiie British Goverument, and liis fimera! was one of tiie most imposing ever seen in Montreal. '^'S^e 54 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CHARLES JOSEPH COURSOL, JUDGE OF SESSIONS. It is an undeniable fact that there is not a French Canadian out of Parliament who has achieved such honors and more di8ti:M^tion than Judge Coursol. He was born at Maiden, county Essex, Ont., in 1820. His fatiier, Mr. J. Coursol, was an oiScer in the service of the Hudson Bay Co., who was " an intrepid explorer of the remote wilds of AmericH." His mother was a daughter of Mr- Joseph Quesnel, a gentleman who was one of tiie pioneers of Canadian literature. At a very early age his parents died and he was adopted by his maternal uncle, the Hon. F. A. Quesnel, who, when he died, left Mr. Coursol the sole legatee of his vast estates. Mr. Coursol was thus rendered independent as regards means, and his magnificent domain in the west, St. Antoine street, is one of the finest in Montreal. Thougli wealthy, he was never- theless by no means idle. His life lias always been a busy one. After a creditable career at college, he studied law, and was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1S41, and shortly afterwards married a daugliter of the distinguished and patriotic Canadian statesman, the late Sir E. P. Tach6. At tiiis time political excitement ran very high in Canada, and ^Ir. Coursol was among the most active and boldest of local pohticians and gave most substantial aid to his part}' — tlie Lafon- taine-lleformers ol' ttiese days, with latterly the late Sir George E. Carticr at their head. As a lawyer of acumen and ability, full of energy and spirit, lie soon found a iiigli position in the Bar, and in tlie Council he distinguished himself as an advocate of progress and sanitary reform. The patriotism of Judge Coursol was manife.stod during tiie " Trent " dilhculty, when he raised a splendid regiment, the " Cliassettrs Ctiiitullriis,^' and in a few year.s after, in ISOO, when the Fenia'i excitement tilled men's minds, lie marched at tl'e head of his battalion to the fron- tier to repel these lawless marauders. The Govermaent lias frequently honored Mr. Coursol witii cheir confidence in appointing liiin to many important cimimissions, his clear head, undaunted courage, legal acumen and general ability, (pialifying him in an eminent degree for tiie (hsciiarge of duties under wliicli iiundreds of other men would have sank, and especially in discharge of duties of a political character. The exliibition of these qualities pointed him out to tlie Government as a fitting person to fill the onerous and important office of the Judge of the Sessions of the Peace and Chairman of the Quar- ter Sessions of the District. In his cajiacity of Police Commissioner under the Dominion Act, Mr. Coursol has duties of a very confidential cha- racter to discharge in connection with the secret service of the country conducted under the juris- diction of the Departiuent of Justice in Ottawa. The circumstance which gave Judge Coursol Continental as well as European notoriety was the " St. Albau's Raid," during the war of the Northern and Southern States of America, Octo- ber, ISG4. All his action on tiiis occasion was en- dorsed not only by a large majority of the Cana- dian Bar, but Lord Cairns and Mr. Francis lleilly botii concurred in it, and which resulted in the passing of an Imperial Order, February, 18C5, suspending the Imperial Statute in Canada for the time being. After the resignation of Wm. Workman, Esq., as Mayor of Jlontreal, Mr. Coursol's friends pre- sented him witli a requisition nearly 50 feet long, and containing many thousand of names of the rate-payers of .Montreal, requesting him to stand as Mayor, and lie was elected by acclamation? continuing for two years one of tlie best Mayors that ever sat in the civic cliair. Mr. Coursol's name is intimately associated with the Pontifical Zouave movement, as also with the great demonstration of the 24tii June, 1874, when the St. Jean Bnptiste Society made the largest dis2)lay ever seen in ^lontreiil, purposely to endea- vor to bring back French Canadians, who had gone to tiie United States. Mr. Coursol as Presi- dent of tiie Association had niiicii to do with its successful temiination. Elected us President in 1872, he has been re-elected ever since, the only gentlen.an wlio lias received the honor of being four years consecutively its President from its foundation in 184.3. Mr. Coursolis also one of the Directors of " La Banque dii Peuple," Presi- dent of " Le Credit Foncier du Bas Canada," and several otlier institutions of Montreal. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 56 FRANCIS WAYLAND CAMPBELL, M. D. Son of Rollo Cfiiiipbell, was born in Montreal on the 5th of November, 1837. In ISol, wher^ 15 years of age, lie issued tlie first number of a monthly teriiperance publication called the Life Boat, which for the year continued under his care, when it was transferred to a firm in Montreal, who continued its publication for several years. Afterwards he became a pupil of the late Ur. James Crawford, and a student of McGill University. He graduated in ISGO. He shortly after proceeded to Europe and spent a con- siderable time in London, Dublin, Edinburgh, and Glasgow. In June, 1861, he passed most success- fully an examination before the Royal College of Physicians of London. About the same time he was also elected a member of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh and of the Microscopic Club. In Oct., 1861, he married Miss Rodger of . Greenock, Scotland, and in Nov. of same year re- turned to Canada and began the practice of his pro- fession. The late Dr. Hall, who was publishing the British American Journal, at once otfered him the editorship of " The Hospital Report Depart- ment," which he accepted, and till 1S64, when it ceased publication, he continued to edit this department. The profession this time felt much the loss of this journal, and Messrs. Dawson Bros, were induced to commence the publici'tion of the Canada Medical Journal, when Dr. Campbell joined Dr. Fenwick in its editorial manage- ment, and he continued in this position tiU 187ii, when Dr. Campbell having joined the Jledical Faculty of Bishop's College, Dr. Fenwick declined to longer continue associated with him. The result was the stoppage of the Canada Medi cat Journal. Dr. Fenwick having determined upon issuing a medical journal under his own control, Dr. Campbell at once deterniincd to contestthefield, and immediately issued the Canada Mcdiad R"cord, which is still {)ublished under his sole editorial management and of which he is pro})ri('tor. Besides his editorial duties, Dr. Canijibell has contributed about thirty papers upon various medical subjects to medical journals during the past twelve years. In 1872, Dr. Campbell joined with Drs. David, Smallwood, Hingston and Trenhohnein orsauiziiig the present Medical Faculty of Bisliop'sCollege. He was appointed Professor of Physiology, and elected by the Faculty their Registrar. He joined the volini- teers in 1854, and in 1S60. on his grailuation, was appointed Assistant Sia-geon of the 1st Battalion Volunteer Rifles of Canada, (now the 1st Battalion or Prince of Wales Rifles). In this capacity he served with his Regiment on tiie Eastern frontier (Hemmingford and Durham) during the Fenian raid of 1866, in the fall of that year he was pro- moted to the Surgeoncy of the Regin ent, and again during the brief Fenian raid of 1870, served with his Regiment on the Eastern frontier at Pigeon Hill, St. Armands and St. Johns. BOLLO CAMPBELL. Was born at Dunning, Perthshire, Scotland, 17th December, 1 803. He began business in Greenock. During his printing career in Greenock, he pub- lished and edited several small weekly sheets. In May, 1822, Mr. Campbell came to Canada and settled in Montreal, obtaining employment in the Courant office. He soon after entered the Gazette office, where he remained till 1834 when he proceeded to New York and pur- chased the plant for a new daily journal called the Morning Courier, published by a Mr. Smitli, and in which office he occupied the posi- tion of Manager. This paper was the second daily journal now published in Montreal. In 1836 he relinquished this position to coiumence the printing business in conjunction with Mr. Beckct, under the name of Campbell & Becket, and for himself some time, 3Ir. Campbell continued the business. From about 1844 to 1847, he puljlished the Canada Baptist Ilcgistcr, a weekly paper, its editors during that period being Dr. Benjamin Davis, (now of Regent's Park, Lon- don) and the Rev. D. ls\. Cramp, of Halifax, N.S. In 1S48 Mr. Campbell published the Colonial Protestant, a monthly periodical, edited by the Rev. Drs. Taylor and Cramp. The Colonial Protestant was only issued one year and the Pegister ceased publication in 1847. From this time till 1849 Mr. Campbell confined him- self to general printing, and having obtained a considerable Government contract was more or less drawn into political life;. In 1849 he pur- chased the Pilot from Sir. Francis Hincks, and we believe had actually become the proprietor of that journal, when, owing to the riots attendant on the Rebellion Losses Bill, and the feeling against Sir. Francis running so high, the office was attacked by a mob and damaged to a very considerable extent. It was then situated on Plai'e D'Armes. During all the eleven years of its appearance it was the recognized organ of the Reform party, and its pro})rietor Mr. Campbell exercised as much, if not more power with the Government than any other man in Canada. From 1849 till 1860 J[r. Campbell carried on, with one exception perhaps, tin; most extensive print- ing business in Canada, having in addition to his Montreal office, large offices in Toronto and Quebec, where he carried out his Government contnicts. In 1862, owing to pecuniary embar- rassments, the Pilot was discontinued, aiid Mr, Campbell retired from business. Previously, he had been elected to represent St. Lawrence Ward in the City Council, and was subsequently re- elected upon several occasions by large majorities. Mr. Campbell was appointed to an office in Her JIajesty's Customs which he continued to fill till his death, wiiich occurred after a long illness on the 2nd of January, 1S71, in the 67th vcar of his aire. 56 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. PIEERE J. 0. CHAUVEAU. His ancestors were early settlers at Charlesbourg, near Quebec. He jvas born in Quebec, 30 May, 1820, and educated at the Quebec Seminar)'. He married in 1840, Miss Mass^, of Quebec. He was called to the Bar,' L.C., Aug., lS-11. Created Q.C., 1853. Mr. Chauveau is a well known French Canadian litterateur and author of Charles Giierin ; Roman de mceiirs Canadicnues, dx. He is a cories- ponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences (New Orleans), President of the St. Jean Baptiste Societe, Quebec, a member of tlie Council of Public Instruction, and of the Board of Agri- culture, Quebec. He has been President of tlie Itistitut Canadien Fran^als, Monti eal, and of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. Has received hon. degree of LL.D., from ]\IcGill Uni- versity, that of D.C.L., from Laval University, and the same degree from Lennoxville Univ«'rsity. He was Solicitor-General for Lower Canada from Nov., 1851, to Aug., 1853; and Provincial Secy., Canada, from latter date to Jan., lSo5, wiien he retired from office, and in the some year was appointed Superintendent of Education, L.C., an office which he held from tiiat time until the Union. Called upon to form the first local Govern- ment under the " British North America x\ct, 18G7," for the Province of Quebec, July, 1SG7 ; and was appointed a member of tlie Executive Council of that Province, with the offices of Pro- vincial Secretary and Registfar, and Minister of Education. Sat for Quebec in Canadian Assembly from 1S14 to July, 1S55, when he retired from Parliament. Returned to Commons and Local House by acclamation at general elections 1867. Re-elected to Local House at g. e., 1871, and to Commons, at last g. e. Called to the Senate, 20 February, 1873, and appointed Speaker of that body, 21st of same month. He retired sometime ago into private life. Mr. Ciianvoau's name will for ever be remembered in connection with Education in Lower Canada. He is the founder of the Jactpies Cartier Normal school, an Institution whicli lias done more than any other French school in Montreal to educate the people, and under the able principalship of I'Abbd Verreau to scatter a sound course of instruc- tion tlirougiiout the land. The author is beholden to Mr. Chauveau for many acts of kindness in years gone by, and his first book which lit' {)ublifi)reciate(!." Mr. Cliauveau's second son is the Member for Rimouski. He was born in Montreal and educa- ted at tlie Jesuits College and afterwards at Laval and JIcGill Universities, and is a young man of great promise. L'ECOLE NORMALE JACQUES CARTIER. A ete ouvcrte le 4 M.arn 1857, sous la dependance immediate do r Honorable M. Chauveau, alors surin- tcndant de I'ln itruction I'ubliquo. Le Principal otait M. TAbbe Verreau, qui la dirigo encore. Elle prepare les instituteurs aux di'lerouts diplomci d'ecole elemen- taire, d'ecole module et d'deole aeademiqiie. Les cours s'y donnent priiiei])alement en fr.-ui^ai.s; mais I'ensei- gnement de I'anglais est obligatoiro. lis embrassent, en re.sume, la Religion, la ]iedagogie theorique et pratique, la langue materncllo, Ics seiencGsS oxactes, la physique et Thistoire, .surtout cclledu Canada. La littdrature,la musique. relocution Iraii^aise et le des- seiii y sont aussi cnseigne.s. Depuis le 4 Mars 1857 a 4 Mars, 1875, plus de 800 eloves ont etc admis, c'est en moyciino 50 par annee, nombrc qui ne pent gnjrc etre depasse, i cause du local. Les cours dureiit 10 mois et les eleves travaillent 14 heuie.s par jour avi'c deux heures de recreation. Pres de 300 diplomes ont ete aceordes et ceu.x qui lesre^oivent sont obliges d'enscigner pendant troi.s ans au moins; mais un grand nombrc depassent cette limite; les autrea entreat dans le commerce etudient le droit ou la medecine. Tous ont su c-onquurir dans la societe une position honorable se distinguant par leur bonne conduite, leur energic ot leur amour du travail. L'Ecole Norniale Jacques Cartier, conimo les ecolcs ilcGill et Laval, a exerceo une influence tros-sensible sur les progros de renseinnement elementaire dans I'etenduo du territoire qui lui est assigne. Le Principal a pu sous allocation speciale du Gouvernement, reunir lo.j elements d'une bonne bibiiotliwiue podago.i^iquc sciontiti(|ue ct historique, qui pourra un jour, Gtro ouverte au public, et former des collections d'histoire nalurelle, et dcs cabinets de physique et de chimie, Une ' places distinguets dans lo commerce, les prolessions liberales, ct dans le clerg^. Toute I'institution sera biontot tiansiwrtee dans un edifice qui rt'iiondra a son importance et (jui fera honneur au lioiivcriieinent ot i\ la villede Montreal, MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1^ PEANCIS CASSIDY, Q.C. M.P J. The subject of this sketch was bom of Irish parentage at the Village of St. Jacques de L'Achigan in the Province of Quebec in 1827. He received his education at the well known College of L'Assomption, where he was remarked for his untiring zetil in the prosecution of every branch of his studies. Leaving college he entered tlie office of Moreau & Leblanc, and was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in the year 1848. Sir Louis H. Lafontaine having remarked his talents and ability offered him the situation of Deputy Receiver General at an income of ^400 per annum, which Mr. Cassidy modestly refused on account of his youth. At the time of his death he was one of the oldest practitioners at the Montreal Bar, his partner being the present affable Sheriff of M«ftlreal, and the firm being styled " Leblanc & Cassidy." In 1863 he was created a Q.C, and was also the Batonnier of the Montreal Bar and in 1871 was elected by acclamation to the high posi- tion and honor of representing Montreal West in the Local Legislature of the Province of Quebec. On the retirement of Mr. Coursol from the Mayoralty in February, 1872, Mr. Cassidy was tilfccted as in the preceding instance by acclamation o i.he position of Mayor of Montreal. Illness, however, prevented him from occupying this important office long. He, however, fulfilled the duties of Mayor in an able manner during the short term which his health permitted him to do. Not long before his election to the chief magistracy of his city, Mr. Cassidy was seized with a severe illness, being very feeble at the time of his inaugu- ration, and afterwards prevented, except on one or He died. two occasions, from filling the office. however, on the 14th June, 1872. Mr. Cassidy was a man of genial disposition, quiet and unobtrusive in his manners, generous and social to his friends, and his many good qualities won him a host of friends of all political and religious denominations. He was highly esteemed by his confreres at the Bar, and he arrived at tlie high position he lield by hard work and application to his profession. He was unmarried. His funeral was one of the largest and most imposing tliat ever appeaced in Montreal, and, on tlie day of liis interment, business was generally suspended throughout the city, and many flags were at half- mast, and a most profound and sincere regret was generally displayed at the death of a good citizen by aU classes of the community. His only brother, John L. Cassidy, is one of the largest — if not the largest — merchants in glassware and ciiina in Mont- real, his business being carried on in that beautiful block of St. Paul street called The Nuns' Buildings. The following tribute is here inserted which displays the late Mr. Cassidy's honest and honorable career: " R(5unissant dans sa personne dcs qualites bien diverses, il savait satisfaire sa conscience, ses clients et ses confreres. Plein de vivacity, de verve et d'esprit, il ^tait cependant toujours maitre de sa parole, et il savait se gagner I'estime meme de ses adversaires. II etait ni avocat conime d'autres naissent poetes ; il avait I'instinct du droit, ce qu'oii a2>pelie le sens l^gal. II ne parlait pas pour parler, niais pour gagner sa cause, et il savait aussi bien ^lucider une question de fait qu'une question de droit. Les dossiers dans les fameuses causes de " Dorion " " Kierzkovvski," " Lionais " et " Guibord " sout la pour prouver sa science et son habilite." 58 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HONORABLE JOSEPH The ancestors of Mr. Clifujleau came from France, and were early settlers in the Seigniory of Terrebonne. He was born at St. Th^r^se de BlainviUe on the 9th of Nov. 1840. He was educated at the College ol Terrebonne, then went to that of St. Hj^acintiie, where he passed his curriculum. After tv/o years he entered as law student the office of MM. Ouimet, Morin & Marchand. He soon began a prominent debate in the " Institut Canadien," of which he afterwards became one of che Presidents. When the Hon. L. S. Moria was elevated to the Ex. Council Mr. Ouimet was first brought into notice. He was called to the Bar, Dec. ISCl, and was retained by the unr, of Moreau & Ouimet on account of his legal £ • uncn. The specialty of his talent naturally led him to tlie exciting spheres of che Criminal Courts. 11)3 first case was the defence of a wliole family i-aplicated in a case of child-murder. The miserable conditition of tlia accuseti, tlie indigna- tion of the people of the ward where the crime had been committed, and the weiglit of the evidence, had doomed the unfortunate prisoners to certain condemnation. Tlie yoiaig lawyer never- theless accepted that unequal challenge, and after superhuman effoias saved the whole family from the gallows. Since that period moro than twenty prisoners acciised of capital otleiices luive, nearly all successfuily, been defended by the learned criminalist vvliose reccvd in tlie Court of Queen's Bench promises to be one of the most complete in the ranks of those who have given themselves specially to the practice of Orinii'ial Law. However, politics iiad already absorbed a large portion of the young lawyer's attendoti and studies. From 1S()0 to '07 tliere was not an electoral contest in which he did not take a most active part. On tiie 1st of January, ISdi!, he became the joint proprietor and e' J his services in pronuii ing him to the Executive Council when tlie Hon. G. Ouimet was called to reconstruct the Chauveau Cabinet. His career as Solicitor General has not been long enoiigli to give tlie measure of his capacities as a ^linister of the Crown, but he lias lett notiiing l)ut pleasant reminiscences in his department. During tiiree terms he conducted with Mr. T. A. Ritchie, Q.C., the Crown jirosecutions in the Montreal Quei^n's Bench's Term with the same success that hereto- fore had followed him wlien defeniHng liis clients. He was appointed (^.C. by the Fi'deral (Jovern- ment in JsOi, and was admitted to tlie Bar of JIanitoba on the occasion of his defence of Ambroise Lepine and Andre Nault at Winnipeg in ( )ctoher last. On tlie "J-ltli Xovendier last h(> married Mary Lou sa, daughter ol Lieut. Col. King, B.M. of Siu'i brooke. 1 u ^- ^^it" ■ ■■■■:.. n MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 59 C. S. CHEERIER, C.R. M. Chorricr est ne a Repentignj', le 22 Jiiillct 1798. Son pore etait pauvre, mais il eiit le bonhoiir d'avoir pour parent et pour protecteur un homme qui oceupe unc des premieres places dans I'histoire de notrepays, I'hon. Denis Benjamin Viger. II tit s-es (5tuart8 dans los sociolesde commerce otd'industrie. Qui lui on fora un crime? La vie do M. Cherrier olTro le s])ectacle d'uno riehe nature pertoctionnoo ])ar le sentiment religieux, illumindo par le flamboau de la foi. Cost grace a cotto lumirM-e (ju'il a jxi niarehor toujours si droit dans la voie du bien, pratiquer toutes les vertus, roni|ilir si parfaiteinont tous sos devoirs Olivers Dieu et onvers la societe. (^iiiiii|if(in on diso, la philosophic seule formera ditHciloinont un hoiuiole hommo commo iM. Cherrier, un hoinnie dont la vie dopuis les ardours de la jounosso jusqii'aux graces de la vieillo.sso, est un enchainement de bonnes actions, d'actes de vertu. LE BANQUET. !Mercrcdi soir, un grand nombre d'avoeats et plus- ioiirs jugos do loutos los jurisdictions se ixninissaient a I'hotel Ottawa, prosonlait'iit utio adresse remar- (luablo a M. Cherrier qui rdponlait amoH, lo promior en sa qualite do vioux garcjnn actuel, I'autro on sa qualite de futur vieux gar^'on, ddja pas inal availed. 60 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOSEPH EMEEY CODERRE, M.D. Was born at St. Denis, River Richelieu, 23rd November, 1813. His father was a farmer of that place ; at the age of fourteen he was sent to an advocate and then some years after to a merchant, whence he returned home and after- wards continued in mercantile pursuits till 1843. In 1837, during the troubles, he was made pri- soner and passed 38 days in prison. He contri- buted to the establishment of the VAnrore des Canada, a journal devoted to the Liberal party of the country. In 1840, he studied medicine with Dr. O. Bureau ; in 1S44, he was admitted to the practice of medicine ; in 1847, he was named an Associate Professor of Materia Medica and Tliera- peutics in the school of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal, and, in 1857, Doctor to the Hotel Dieu. The same yeai" he received from the University of Castleton an honorary diploma of Doctor of Medi- cine. In 1853-4, he was elected President of the "Institut Canadien." It was during his presi- dency that the Society became proprietors of that beautiful block now belonging to them in Notre Dame street. He was greatly instrumental in raising the memorial monument in the cemetery to the unfortunate victims of 1837-38. He has published several Medico-Legal works which are important, and render the course of justice in imprisonment for certain crimes more regular. He has also written several pamplilets. He is chiefly known, however, by his detennined stand against vaccination, and has imbued a large number of medical men with his opinions, and adopted his practice, chief among whom is one of tlae most celebrated physicians of Europe, Dr. Herman, of Vienna. The latest pamphlet which the Doctor has written is worthy of perusal. He is Professor of Medicine and of Surgery in the Montreal Faculty of Victoria College. JOSEPH ALEXANDRE CREVIER, M.D. Medecin Naturaliste, professeur de medecine et des seiences naturclles, membre du Congriis Scieutifique Americain, de la Societe d'Histoire Natiirello do Quebec, et de plusieurs autres societes scientifiques et litteraires. II naquit au Cap de la Magdeloine, pris des Trois- RiviercK le 2G Fevrifr 1824 ; fit ses etudes clussiques su College de Chamblj' et partie ou Collt^gc de Ste. Ilyaeintr.e; et ses etudes medicales au College Canadien do Montreal ; fut admis a la pratique de la medecine le 8 Mai 1849 ; pratiqna douze annees d Ste. Hj'acintlio, et dix annees k Ste. Ccsaire ; vint se fixer tt Montreal en 1872; do 1852 a 1871, fut pro- fesseur prive de inedccine et des ."ciences naturelles. Les prir cipaux travaux du Dr. .T. A. Crovier, ont etc publicH dans les Journaux scientifiques en autre dans le " Naturaliste Canadien" cesont: 1°. Etudes Bur le Cholera Asiatique; 2°. Etudes sur la inurt apparonto et la niort reelle ; 3°. Etudes sur Zoophytes Infusoiros du Canada; 4°. Etudes sur les proprietes du veuiu du Urapaud Canadien, Bufo Americana ; 5°. Analyse chimiquc et microscopique du venin du Crai)aud Canadien ; C°. Tableau de meteorologil pour le Conite dc Rouville ; 7°. Etudes snr les eclipses et les treniblemcnts de terre; 8°. Analyse chimiquc et microscopique de I'air et dcseaux putrides de quartier Ste. .Tacques, de la ville de Montre.il; 9°. Un Monstrc Marin, Ic Pouipe (ieant; 10°. Analyse de Fair corronipue des Cliarniers ; 11°. De la nature du virus variolique, sa composi- tion cliimique et microscopique et ses eflTcls sur Teconnmie de rhommc; 12°. De la constitution Physique du Globe Terrestre, &c., Ac. Dans le moment actuel, le Dr. T. A. C. est a prepare un ouvrage considerable sur lo iiiicroscope appliqud aux sciences, aux arts et a rindustric, i! y .lura 2 vols de 500 i GOO pages chaque ; et plus de 800 gravures dans lo texte; 13°. Tableau des Oiseaux freijuentant les comtes de St. Hyacintbe, Rouville et Bagot, donnant lours noms Frau(;ais, Anglais et Latin, ainsi que leurs classificalioD et loura dimonaious, &c., &c. MONTREAL,— BIOGRHPHICAL SKETCHES. 4i' A. H. DAVID, M.D. Aaron Hart David was the second son of i:.e late Samuel David, Esq., inert'liant, who was bom in Montreal in 1706. Dr. David was born in thiw city on the 9th October, 1S12. He was partly edu- cated in Montreal and partly at Round Hill School, Northampton, ^lass., under tlie charge of the Historian, the Hon. 5Ir. Bancroft, and while there had the honor of being presented by Mr. Bancroft to the late General Lafayette as a Canadian, and speaking French; who shook hands with him, when he visited that celebrated school. Ke commenced studying medicine in January, 1S30 in Montreal, and in ]S33 proceeded to Edin- burgh to complete his studies. He became a Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1834, and graduated in the University of that city in 183-5. after which he returned to Montreal and commenced practice, where he has remained ever since. He is Professor of Practice of Medi- cine and Dean of the ifedical Faculty of the University of Bishop's College, and is a D.C.L. He has been president of tiie Natural History Society of Montreal, and also one of the physicians of Montreal General Hospital and St. Patrick's Hospital, and has enjoyed a large and lucrative practice for many years. He was a member and ex-governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, and a life member of the Natural History Society of Montreal, a corresponding member of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, an extraordinary member of the Royal Medical Society of Etlinburgli, a member of the Medico- Chirurgical Society of Montreal, a corresponding member of the Gyuiccological Society of Boston, a member of tlie British Association for the Advance- ment of Science, a member of the American Association for tlie same, a member and general secretary of the Canada Jledical Association, and is one of the oldest medical officers of the Volun- teer Force in the Dominion, having served with the Montreal Rifle Corps in 1837-38. Dr. David went to the Front during the Fenian raid, with the Hochelaga Light Lifantry of which corps he is surgeon. As a mark of respect to him his con- freres have photographed tl'eir School of Medicine on Ontario Street, and we have placed it under his photograpii on the o^ijiosite page. 62 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOSEPH DOUTRE, Q.C. The history of Mr. Doutre's life is tliat of the struggles of liis countrymen for civil and religious liberty, and is, therefore, of more than personal interest. His ancestors were from the old province of Ronssillon, in the department of Pyrenees- Orientales. His grandfather came from the immediate neighborhood of Perpignan, and had hardly arrived in Canada when the country passed under the dominion of England Mr. Doutro was born at Beauharnois, in 1825 ; was educated at the Montreal College. He was admitted to the Bar in 1S47. In 1S44, at the age of eighteen, his first work, a romance of five hundred pages, entitled Lcs Fianns dc 1S12 (The Betrotiied of 1S12), was publislied. He was an early adherent of the Institut Canadien, and ever since the warm friend of that institution, wliich obtained its charter luider liis presidency. As soon asthe Avenir news- paper had taken a fair start in 1S4S, ^Iv. Doutre became one of its contributors. Mr. Doutre lias been a liberal contriljutor to the newspaper press, and most of the journals of the province iiave at times published contributions from him. In 1S4S he published Lc Firre d la Swur, which was afterwards republished in Paris. In ISol he wa the author of tlie laureate essay, paid for by the late Hon. ]\[r. I)e Boucherville, on " The best means of spending time in tlie interests of the Family and the Country." In 1S52 was published " Le Sauvage dn Canada." To these should be added a series of biographical essays on the most prominent pohtical men of that date which appeared in t\w Jroiir. As one of the secretaries of the association formed in ISiilfor the coloniza- tion of the Townships, he was instrumental in starting the first settlements of Roxton and the vicinity, which work, it is said Mr. Cartier did much to impede. In lS-j:3 Mr. Doutre took the direction of tlie great struggle for the abolition of the feudal tenure, and by means of meetings held througliout the country, and diligence and care in the preparation of practical measures the agitation came to a crisis at the general election of ]So4, when the Parliament, fdled witli moderate aboli- tionists, passed a law which did away with this mediieval system of land tenure, to tlie mutual satisfiiction both of the seigniors and tenants. Another campaign, of ecpial importance began innuediately after, for making tlie Legislative Council elective instead of being nominated liy the Crown, and a iinv was passed to tiii-^ eiR'ct in 1 SoO, at which time ilr. Doutre was retpiested to stand as candidate for the division of Salaberry, but lie was defeited. In 1S')S tiiere conuiienced, in a decided i.ianiier on the part of tlie Roman ("atholic liishop of Montreal, tlie loiii: looiiiiug work of destruction against everything wliich gave mani- festation of life in the minds of educated Catholics. Mr. Doutre stood foremost in the liaud to liand battle which followed, and the victory was a pain- ful one, being achieved in the face of the con- scientious opposition of many friends. In 1S61, Mr. Doutre, under party pressure, accepted the candidature for Laprairie, which resulted in another defeat. This election, however, had the good etfect of drawing attention to the evil system of two days' polling, as it was evident that his first day's majority had been iqiset by large sums of money being brought into play upon the second day. This is the last time we find the subject of our remarks in the arena of politics. He has since devoted himself entirely to his profession. In 1S(>3, he became Queen's Counsel. In ISG6 he delivered a lecture before the Institut Canadien on " The Charters of Canada," a remarkably concise and complete synopsis of tlie political constitutions of tiie country under the French Government. In the same year he was intrusted with the defence of Laniirande, the French banking de- faulter, wliose extradition was sought for before our Courts. After the kidnapping of the man, when he was about to be released, he followed up the demand for his restoration to the jurisdiction of our Courts, througli the Foreign Office in London, to a point when the British and French Governments were very seriously out of iiarmony, vv'hen Lamirande solved the dilficulty by surren- dering all claims to further negotiations. In 1S(J9, the refusal of the R. C. authorities to bury Guibord, because he was a inemlier of the Institut Canadien, brought Mr. Doutre face to fiice with the necessity of clioosing between a direct contest with the authorities of his Church or renouncing his right to belong to a literary society, which implied tlie right of any personal liberty of action. His choice in this matter entniled political ostracism, and imposed upoti him the most arduous task of following the case in question from court to court through all the degrees of jurisdiction in Canada, in order to obtain the burial of Guibord, and of continuing the same in Eiisrland, where !ie went to argue, before the Privy Council, not only without fee, but -.t daily expense. In 1872 Mr. Doutre and his friends lirought the Institut Canadien to a condition of permanent and final success. By a careful management the insti- tution has l>een made self-sup[)ortiiig, and is now open gratuitously to the public. Hundreds of people go there and are seated in comfortable rooms up to ten o'clock at night, having at their disposal 75 newspapers and s, ()()() volumes. The Inslitiit Canadien, will head the list of free and gratuitous reading rooms and Tibraries in British Xoith America; and v.lien v anadians of all grailes of moral competency will appreciate such a boon, the name of Mr. Doutro will be uratefidlv reniemliered. '3^- MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 63 HON. MR. JUSTICE DOHEETY. Judge Doherty was bom near Dungiven in the County Derry, Iirland, in the year 1820, where his father Thomas Doherty was tlie proprietor of a small freehold estate, formerly belonging to the Rev. Mr. Alitehell, father Oi' the distinguished patriot John Mitchell, who was thus born in the same house as the subject of our sketch. The father of Thomas was a resident of the Barony of Innishowen, fonnerly the fanuly inheritance, and forming part of tiiat tract of country which is given on the old maps as tiio O'Doherty's Country, but at present known as the County Donegal. His father intended him for the priesthood, and with a view to tiiat result sent him at an early age to the Grammar School at Dungiven. This was, however, rendered impracticable by his father's early deatii, and his mother sent liim To the United States, to the care of a paternal urde who is still living, the Rev. James Doherty, D.D., of Vennont. The latter gentleman fultilled the trust thus reposed in a manner most creditable to him- self and beneficial to iiis nephew. Soon after his arrival in this country, he entered the College of St. Hyaciuthe, where he was a contemporary of His Lordship Bishop Fabre of Montreal, and His Lordship Bishop McEntyre of Prince Edward Island. After completing his course at St. Hyacinthe, he entered tlie Cniversity of Vennont in the year 1838, and graduated, receiving his degree of B.A. in J S42, and three years subsequently received the degree of M.A. On leaving tiie university he returned to Canada and taugiit the Classical Academy of Frost Village, Shellbrd County, and at tlit; same time pursued the study of Law under the giiidance of R. S. M, Bouchette, Esq., advocate, and was called to the Bar of Lower (]!anada in 1848. He practised liis [)rofession in Montreal, where he attained all the honours tliat the first Bar of the Dominion can oU'er to its mendxrs, being successively (.'liairnuin of tljc Board of Examiners, Syndic aiid Batonnier of tiie Bar of tlie District of Montreal. He was appointeil one of Her Majesty's Counsel in 1872, and a Judge of tlie Superior Court in Septend)er, 187L His a2>point- meiit gave universal satisfiiction as he has always retained a larire amount of public esteem and has been a true friend to many. HON. L. L. A. DESSAULLES Was boni at St. Hyacinthe on the 31st .lanuary, 1818. His father was owner of the seigniory of that name, and his mother was the sister of the late Hon. Louis Josepii Papineau. He began his classical studies in the College of Montreal (Sulpician) and concluded tiiem in the College of St. Ilyacintiie. He came to Jlontreal in 1837 to study law, but tiie troubles forced him to return to St. Hyacinthe ; he tlien began busi- ness and tried to start maiiufactur(>s in St. Hya- cintiie, but was strongly opposed by sunie influen- tial men in tlie locality who [)reten(ie(i liiat manu- factures would tend to ruin agriculture, and still more the morals of the people, a. id that opposition was partly the cause of a heavy loss to liim. He took active part in 1810 and tlie following years, as a corrcfipoudoit, in the polemics of' VAvaiir. In l8o()— :51, when tiie annexation move- ment was engrossing jiublic attention, he lectured six times on that subjec't before the Instifut Cmia- dicn. In is-'il) he lectured again before the Insti- tute on Galileo, and his coiidemiialion by the Roman curia. He showed upon olllcial docu- ments that it was not true that he liad been con- demned only because he did not rightly interpret the Scripture, but because he demonstrated the divers motions of the earth as a scientilic truth, and informed tiie i»u!)lic tluMithatit was only in l^'2'J, one hundred and ninety years after the coiidenina- tion of that great man, tliat permi-ssion was given in Rome to teach the Copernican system as a scientific truth and not only as a speculative the- ory. In 1856, he was elected to the Legislative Council by the three counties of St. Hyacinthe, Rouville and Ilierville. He was opposed by Dr. Pouliii, of Mainville. He was stroiiglv opposed by a majority of tiie clergy, although two or three cuirs voted for him. Tlie Doctor was beaten by a majority of 3012, the largest majority as yet obtained in this country in a fair contest. In 1^(>0, he accepted tiie editorship of the 2^///.*, wliere lie upheld with stnuiij convictions and great intellectual labor the principles of reform. In 18()2, he made a series ofelaliorati; articles on the public buildings of Ottawa. In 18-58, he gave before the Institut his L'cfHri' sitr Ir Pror/irs. The idea M. Dessaiilles expressed in ch'ar ttu'iiis in this lecture was tliat " man was the culminating point of tlie whole order of creation, and that it was through him alone that reason, intelligence, con- science and the knowledge oi a supreme being had been introduced into this world." In Dec, 18(J3, he was appointed L'lerk of the Crown, and ceased to meddle with politics. He has since continued to study historical and philosophical questions, preparing himself to the great struggle which will soon be forced u[»on all thinking, iiitelligtMit and independent men. In l'^(>-j, he gave six hictures upon tli(> giiMt American war before the Institut ('nnmlieti. He has delivered many other lectures. 64 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Ne a St. Dsnis (Riviere Richelieu) le 5 Avril 1803. II vint a Montreal vers I'annee 1819, et entra comme commis dans une des plus importantes maisons de com- merce de cette epoque, la maison do M. F. Souligny, dont il devint I'associe plus tard. II donna tonjours le concours le plus actif et le plus genereux a toutes les Institutions, de charity et d'edu. cation. L'Eveche de Montreal, la communaute de la HUBERT PARE, Providence, le monastcre du Bon Pasteur, &c., le comptent parmi leurs principaux bienfaiteurs. II fut un des fondateursde la Bank Jacques Cartier, de I'Assurance Mutuelle, et de la Socicte de Bien- veillanc© de Notre Dame de Bonsecours ; et juflqu'4 sa mort il est toujours re~'9 directeur de ces difKrentes Institutions. Mort le 34 Janvier 1868. ALPHONSE DESJARDINS, M.P. The family of the Desjardi lis settled in Canada before the cessionof the country to Etigluud. Mr. Desjardins was born at Terrebonne on the Gth May, 1S41. He was educated at the Masson Col- lege — which was lately accidentally burned to the ground — and also at the Senuuary ofNicolet, wliere he distinguished himself by his assiduity to his studies. He was called to the Bar of Montreal in 1862, and practiced his profession iu Montreal with considerable success until 1S68, when he then abandoned law for journalism, and became one of the editors of UOnlre. In ISCi he man'ied Vir- ginie, the eldest daughter of the late Hubert Paragnic jjrlvoe dc citoyens n'a fait plus pour developper Montreal, dans leur propre quartier, que celle dont ces Messieurs font parti. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 69 COLONEL JOHN DYDE Was the son of the late Robert Dyde of London, and was born in ] 795, at Altoaa, in the Duchy of Hol- stein in Denmark. The French Revolution was then at its height, and his father being compelled to come to Paris, where he had large business rela- tions, sent Mrs. Dyde to Altona, a town on the River Elbe, which was soon after taken possession of by the French, under whose flag the Colonel was bom. Mrs. Dyde disguised as a sailor, with hf)r young son concealed in a clothes basket, escaped to Hamburg and afterwards reached Paris, where her husi^and, with many of his countrymen, was a prisoner, for having too openly expressed opinions hostile to the powers that were. He was subsequently released, and in the spring of 1810 came with his family to New York and in 1813 moved to Boston. In 1814 the family came to Montreal, and he was at once installed in the militia, subsequently becoming Sergeant Major and Ensign and Adjutant. In 1817 he obtained a situation in the North West Company, and then set out for the Red River Country, going as far as the Rocky Mountains. In 1819 he returned to Montreal. In 1822 he married Eliza, daughter of W. J. Holt, a veteran officer who had been taken prisoner at Saratoga while serving under Burgoyne. He afterwards made two voyages to the West Indies. Was twice shipwrecked. After suffering great hardships, he arrived in 1829 in New York and immediately came to Montreal, where he had been given up as lost by all but his wife. In 1831 he went to Quebec as inspector of ashes, and was subsequently made manager there of the Tow Boat Company, retaining his place as Inspector. In 1833 he was appointed Lieutenant and Adju- tant of the Gamson Artillery. In 1835, in addition to his other appointments, he received the position of Manager of the St. Lawrence Steam Boat Company. At the outbrea'k, in 1837, of the political troubles he raised the Company of Grenadiers in twenty-four hours after the order had issued to raise a regiment of a thousand strong, " The Loyal Quebec Volunteers," and thus became senior officer. The Rebellion having been apparently quelled, the " Loyal Quebec Volunteers " were on the 1st of May, 1838, dis- banded, and he returned to Montreal, and received the situation which he still liolds, of inspector of ashes. In November the Rebellion having again broken out, he was transferred to the Montreal Light Infantry, and served with them till the troubles were over. In 1845, during the Oregon difficulty, he organized the Montreal Light Infan- try in three weeks. In 1850 he acted as Magistrate with the Troops in suppressing the fearful riots in Griffintown, when 207 houses were burned. In 1855, at the reorganization of the active Militia, he was appointed Lieut. Colonel of the Montreal Rifles, now the Prince of Wales, and on his promotion to command the Brigade, he was presented by the Regiment with a magnificent testiraoniaf. In 1860 he was appointed Commandant of the whole active Force in Montreal, and subsequently re- ceived the high rank which by special clause in the Mihtia he still holds, that of full Colonel. In 1861, during the " Trent" difficulty, the force was through his efforts and the loyalty of the citizens raised in a few days from 1000 to 4000 men. His eldest son Robert, who was Major of the Light Infantry, fell a sacrifice this year to disease con- tracted in the service, his second son Charles hav- ing previously died from the effects of the climate while serving in India inthe 14th Light Dragoons. In the same year — 1861 — he was President of the First Rifle tournament held in Canada ; he was also President in 1863 of the Grand Rifle Tournament held in Montreal, "grand" because no tournament since has equalled it in splendor or success ; he was President also for some yearj of the St. George's Society of Montreal. In 1866, during the Fenian difficulties, he commanded the 2nd Brigade ; the 1st being composed of all the Regulars, the 2nd of all the Volunteers. In 1868, by the provi- sion of Sir George Cartier's Militia Bill, his con- nection with the force was, much to his regret, unexpectedly severed after 54 years of uninter- rupted service. He was, however, by special privilege allowed to retain his rank. On the 25th of March, 1871. he was presented by the Volun- teer Force with a magnificent full length portrait of himself, painted by our well known and first class artist Mr. Bell-Smith. So great was the number of persons present on the occasion that the ceremony became a perfect ovation. The hall was densely packed, and hundreds were unable to gain admittance. He is now 79 years of age, and still a hale, hearty man. His 60 years service in the Military Force of the country have not impaired his vigor, he is fond of all athlotic pursuits, and is a keen curler. On a recent occasion, only a few weeks since, he had the honor at His Lordship's special invitation of playing a single-handed match with the Govenior General, the Earl of Dufferin, wiio had been a pupil of the Colonel's in curling. The editor cannot close this biography of Colonel Dyde without recording here what he and hundreds of otliers consider a marked slight on so old and great a volunteer officer and patriot : wiiile thousands of dollars have been paid by Government to give Cartier and McGee magnifi- cent public funerals, he who for nen.rly 60 longyears has faithfully served his country is allowed no Government pension for his declining days. Will not some of our Government Members and Mem- bers of Parliament who read this, exert them- selves to wipe out THIS BLOT from Canada's fair historical escutcheon t 70 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOSEPH DUHAMEL. The subject of this sketch was born in Montreal on the 22nd Feb., 1835. His fatiier was Joseph Duhamel. His mother was Domithilde Mous- set. He was educated at the Colleges of St- Th^rfese and St. Hyacinthe. He studied law in the oflSce of Messrs. Badgley & Abbott, and was admitted to practice 6th April, 1857. He went to college at the early age of seven years, and con- tinued in one of these educational establishments till his commencement of studjnng law. After his admission to practice he entered into partner- ship with the late C. Archambault, and remained with him till the mebincholy death of Mr. Arcliam- bault by the explosion of the steamer St. Jolin. He then practiced alone for some time, then entered into partnership with G. Drolet, Esq., until the latter gave up practicing, and lastly entered into the firm which now bears his name, viz., Duhamel, Rainville, Rinfret & Rainville. He was elected to represent St. Mary's Ward in the City Council at tlie early age of 18 years, and continued for the next tliree years as its representative. Perhaps no man living can say the same thing, that as a minor, he represented St. Mary's Ward, and left the Council when he attained his majority, to devote himself to his profession. He has many times refused to run for both the Dominion and Local Parliaments. In 1875 he was elected alderman for the East Ward, and is now a candi- date for Montreal East in the Parliament of Quebec. In 1859 he married Miss Alpiionsine, daugliter of Damase Masson, Esq., the 'vell-known mercliant of St. Paul street. WM. EVANS. The subject of our sketch was one of the most well known agriculturists of Lower Canada. Nearly twenty years ago the old gentleman, full of honors and patriotism, passed away from this busy scene, but his endeavors to elevate the standard of agriculture in this Province and to raise the p.si- tion of a farmer (the rea). bone and muscle u^ any country, except a purv,ly manufncturing one) still live and are obsfirvablc, as annually, the vario:i? country and other exiiibitions and o fitle shows come round. Improved breeds of aniin ds, and latest styles of agricultural implements, better barns and stables, a much improved system of planting and reaping, and many otlier things have all been tlie offspring of Mr. Evans' endeavors to promote the agricultural interests of this Province. He was for many years the Secretary of the Agri- cultural Society of Lower Canada. A contempo- rary writing of him at the time of his death, 18-57, says : " It has been our fortune to meet few wor- tliier or more patriotic men than lie, few more diligent in the promotion to the uttermost of his ability of the prosperity of this his adopted coun- try." Enthusiastically devoted to agriculture! pursuits, he spent over forty years as an agricul- turist in Canada, lie was also editor of the Agri- cultural Journal published under the auspices of the Society of which he was Secretary. During his latter years, after retiring from the Secretary- ship, he was a frequent contributor to the columns of the Journal. Almost the last words he wrote were these, " While it may be the will of God to spare me I shall persevere in the good cause of endeavoring to promote the improvement of agri- culture in Canada." Even wiiile the good old man wrote these words the vow so to speak was fulfilled. He died rather suddenly, though he had been ailing some time previously. " Full of years, enjoying the esteem of all who knew hira, and surrounded by a large circle of tried friends, he has passed peacefully away — a man whom many loved while living, many will regret his death ; one who strove faithfully to do his duty in that state of life in which it pleased God to place him." His sons are well known merciiants of Montreal. Two are in the coal and w^od business — perhaps tlie largest dealers of those articles in the city — vvliilst another owns the well known ag -lultural inipleinent and seed depot opposite St. Ann's Mar- ket, and whose name to fanners is almost as fa- miliar as his futlier's was of old. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 71 EDWARD PEARSON EVANS Was born in London, England, March, 1825. In the year 1S32 he came to Canada with his parents. His father was a mechanical engineer. Edward was the eldest of the family, and commenced early to work for himself, his first situation being with Joseph Mackay, then doing business in the Place D'Armes; lie next engaged with W. Gemmell, clothier, where he remained for some time. He next removed to Springfield, Massachusetts, where he started business for himself wiiich he continued for two years, but at the end of that time, finding it not as profitable as he wished, he returned to Montreal, where he entered into a partnership with his ol;' employer Mr. Gemmell, which was dissolved some tiiiie afterwards, and he then commenced business in his own name in McGill street. In 1853 he bought the property near the corner of St. Peter and St. Paul streets, then known as the Exchange Cofiee House, where he erecred two large warehouses, one of which he occupied as a wholesale clothing house. In the faU of 1859 he went to England to make his usual purchases, returning along with his wife, who had accompa- nied liim on the trip, in the S.S. "Hungarian" of tlie " Allan Line." This ill-fated steamer was wrecked off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, on the morn- ing of the 20th of Februar-, 1860, when every soul (numbering over 400) found a watery grave. By his many sterling qualities, combined with strict attention to business, he was enabled to accumu- late a handsome competency with which he was always ready to assist those in distress, and many were benefited by his liberality. WILLIAM SHANKS EVANS Was born at Berwick-on-Tweed on the 23rd May, 1831. He also came to Canada with his parents in 1832. Having a liking for his fiither's profes- sion, mechanical engineering, he served his time to that business when he soon became very profi- cient in it. In the year 1848 he removed to the United States, where he shortly afterwards received an appointment in the Dunkirk and Erie Locomotive Works, which he held for nine years, the most of that time as manager in the works. He resigned this position in 1860, after the death of his brother Edward, and returned to Montreal, where he has employed his capital in stock and real estate operations, being witii his brother, James S. Evans, amongst the largest real estate owners in the city. JAMES SHANKS EVANS Was born in Montreal on the 3rd May, 1833. He was a partner of the firm of Edward Evans & Co. at the time of the death of iiis brother Edward in the ill-fated steamer " Hungarian," contiiming the business on his. own account first in Evans' court, tiien in JIcGill street and afterwards in the new premises in St. Henry street, which he now occupies. lie lias by strict attention to business rapidly acquired a fortune ; energetic in his busi- ness habits, his real estate operations now place him among the larges. of the landed proprietors of the Island of Montreal. Mr. Evans' latest real estate operation is the purchase of tlie magnificent property in Dorches- ter street west, and known by the name of Rose Prd, and costing the large sum oi'S40,000. Mr. Evans is an honorary director of the Vic- toria Mutual Insurance Co. of Hamilton, and the inventor of the " Hotel Register," now patented in the United States. In 1873 the English Insurance Companies in Montreal etitered into a combination to rais«> tlieir rates of [)remiums, which action on the part of their offices caused Mr. Evans, himself one of the largest insurers in the city, to suggest the idea of starting a new Company wliidi niiglit break tlie combination and lower tiie rate of insurance, hence the existence of the Royal Canadian Insur- ance Company of Jlontreal. At the last general election Mr. Evans was requested to stand as representative for Montreal West, but though tnking an active part in the con- test, for various reasons, and especially not wisliing to divide his party, he declined tiie honor. 72 MONTREAL— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ROBERT T. aODFREY A.M., M.D. M.C, He is one of the best and most favorably known physicians in the city, and has written a good deal for the advancement of medical science. He is Professor of Surgery in tho University of Bishop's College, Lennox ville, and attending Physician to the Montreal General Hospital. He is the son of a British naval officer. After finishing his term of studentship he received the appointment of regi- mental assistant surgeon in the British Auxiliary Legion of Spain, where he served for a period of 3 years, from May, 183.5, to August, 183S. On his return to London, through the influence of General Sir de Lacy Evans, he got an appointment in the London Hospital which he resigned in 1S39. In 1840 he came to Canada, not with the intention of remaining, but taking a fancy to the country he determined to stay in Montreal. He passed before the Medical Board in 1842, and graduated in McGill College in 1S44. He has, apart from the active duties of his profession, taken a great interest in settling the Eastern Townships, where he always intends to settle, but he considers himself too young yet, to give up the active duties of a large practice. JAMES A. QLASSFORD Was born at Coteau du Lac on the 25th June, 1817. He was educated in Montreal. He was for some time in the lumber trade with his fatlier. He afterwards connnenced on his own account in the forwarding business between Montreal and Ottawa, and rapidly extended liis connections. In 1802 he was tiie largest forwarding merchant in the country, being the head of the well-known firm " Glassford, Jones & Co." Their stock then consisted of 45 vessels, exclusive of others chartered for tiie season. Tliey carried immense quantities of grain, etc., from Chicago and other western cities in connection witii steam vessels for Europe. Having unfortunately broken his leg, his health was impaired, and in consequence he died June Ist, 1809, aged only 52 years J 1 months. His sons are in the commission business in Montreal. -^^^^ > MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 73 DESIRE (i^monABD. Was born at St. Timothy, in the county of Beau- harnois. After finishing his preliminary studies, he entered the Montreal College, and passed with 6clat through all his studies and classes. He then entered the Law office of Edward Carter, Esq., Q.C., and was admitted to the Bar on the 1st October, 18G0. Mr. Girouard is one of our most important Law writers. In 1860 he published a work entitled " Essai sur les lettres de change et ■sur les biUets promissoires. " The importance of the subject, the diffusion and obscurity of our laws at this epoch upon tliis matter, rendered the work of Mr. Girouard of the greatest utility. The introduction, which contains the historical part, Is treated in a most lucid manner. In 1868 he published another work entitled " Considerations sur les lois civiles du marriaare." This work first appeared in the columns of the Nouveau Monde. In 1S69 he printed tlie "Etude sur I'Acte Con- cernant la Faillite." "M. Girouard exprime le regret de voir de si notables alterations s'operer dans notre droit, et compliquer dans une certaiiie mesure le fonctionnement des regies courtes et simples du droit commun de nos lois statutaires. Cette bro- chure se recommaude par des commontaires et des discussions utiles. Elle est divisee en dix-sept chapitres et subdivis^e en cent uu paragraplies. L'auteur fait preuve des connaissances sur ce sujet, mais la phrasdologie est loin d'etre irreprochable." In the work which Mr. Girouard published on marriage, taken from a notice in a recent French work, he divides his part on Catholic marriages into 4 sections, viz : 1st. " En face de I'Eglise ; 2nd. Par le propre c\ir6 des parties ; 3rd. Apr^s publication ou dispense des bancs ; 4th. Enfin, il ne doit exister aucun empechement non dispense par leur 6veque." In the Protestant marriages it is thus divided — " Le mariage des Protestants doit aussi etre c^l^br^ par leur propre ministre ; il doit etre c^l^br^ publi- quement apres publication de bancs, suivant les usages de chaque congregation ; uue licence de mariage dispense de toutes ces formalit^s, il suffit alors qu'il soit c^lebr^ par le ministre des parties, sans autre forme." Mr. Girouard has contributed a great deal to the columns of the Rcvuc Critique, in which he writes in the English language. These writings on the reports of the Church and State show much work, mucli research and a great love of study. He has held tlie position of one of the members of tiie Counsel of the Montreal Bar, and has always maintained a high position in the city as an intel- ligent and well instructed advocate ; hence he has often been retained in some of the most important law suits which have appeared before the Court for the past few years. Mr. Girouard first married the daughter of the well-known and much respected citizen,John Pratt, Esq. Tliis lady having died he again married an American lady, and has an interesting family. tt •74 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THE GESU. J^ Probably the most magnificent church in the Dominion, as regards it? interior aspect, is the Church of the Gesu on Bleury street. At the con- quest of Canada in 1760 all the property cf the Jesuits fell into possession of the British Go 'ern- ment. In 1851 they erected the large college of St. Mary. In 1863, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal having granted to the Jesuit Fathers permission to e>"ect a church in connection with their college, the beautiful Church of the Gesu was begun in that year and finished in 1865, except the towers which this year (1875) are not yet finished. The length of the interior is about 194 feet and its width 96 feet. The architecture is of the style known as the Round Roman Arch. The walls and ceilings are frescoed throughout in the most ele- gant and elaborate style. Besides the magnificent main altar are a number of smaller ones ; all de- signed and finished in a style of richness and beauty which cannot be surpassed. The walls are splen- didly adorned and illuminated by an almost endless variety of paintings and Biblical illustrations. All the arrangements and appointments evidence a vast expenditure of skill and patience as well as of money. . ST. MARY'S COLLEGE. This Building, situated in Eleury Street, is one of the largest Colleges in Montreal. A first-class course of instruction is presented in the institu- tion. Some of the most learned men in Montreal are professors attached to it, and they have pro- duced many of our most influential and best known men, both professionally and politically. Space will not permit us to give more than the names of the principal members of the staff", and the clergy attached to the beautiful Church of the Gesu. Rev. T. Fleck, S.J., President; Rev. P. Ha- mel, S.J., Vice-President; Rev. S. Robert, S.J., Treasurer. Professors. — Rev. M. Nobile, S.J. ; Rev. S. Durante, S.J.; Rev. A. Larcher, S.J. ; Rev. E. Hamon, S.J. ; Rev. J. Renaud, S.J. ; Rev. R. Chartier, S.J. ; Rev. E. Hudon, S.J. ; W. Monk, S.J. ; J. B. Nolin, S.J. : J. Pard, S.J. Disciplinarians. — Rev. J. Grenier, S.J. ; C. O'Connor, S.J. ; F. Santerre, S.J. ; R. Dewey, S.J. Professor of Elocution. — A. D'Anglars. Professor of Drawing. — J. L'Herault. Professors of Music. — J. Follenus, J. A. Fowler, N. Martel, M. Saucier. Church of the Gesu. — Rev. T. Fleck, S.J. ; R. J. Beaudry, S.J. ; R. A. Braun, S.J. ; R. A. G(irard, S.J. ; R. E. Hamon, S.J. ; R. A. Lang- cake, S.J. ; R. H. Lory, S.J. ; V. R. A. Pelletier, S.J.; R. W. Moylan, S.J. ; R. M. Nash, S.J. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 75 MASSACRE OF THE JESUIT MISSIONABIES, IN THE EAKLY HISTORY OF CANADA. In 1G46, and several years following, warfare between the Iroquois and the Indians of Canada was waged with extreme ferocity. Many of the French were slain, and very great alarm and distress prevailed in the Colony. Amongst those who were killed were several priests and a number of Missionaries engaged in converting the Indians. The Mohawks massacred the Jesuit fathers, Jogiies and Masse, in the year last named. In 1G48 and 1649, Daniel, Brebmuf and Gabriel Lalemant were put to death, wiiile serving at their Missionary Stations among the Hurons. The circumstances attending the end of these devoted men were of a very touching nature. A brief account of them will serve to shew both the spirit which animated the missionaries of those days, and the fiendish disposition of their Iroquois tormentors. Daniel was in one of the Huron bourgades in July, 1648, calling the people to take part in reli- gious exercises. Most of the warriors were absent. A strong force of Iroquois came upon the place. Most of the people retired for refuge into the rude- ly constructed chapel, the few defenders being at the palisades. The Iroquois soon broke through these and fell upon the chapel. Daniel said to tlie terrified Hurons around him " fly, brethren ! as for me, here I must stay, and here I will die.'' Urging them to flee by the rear of the building, he himself passed through the main door, which he closed behind him, and suddenly confronted the assailants. The truculent Iroquois hesitated for a moment at the sight of Daniel in his missionary robes, thus fearlessly advancing. But soon a shower of arrows and musket balls put an end to his. life, and he fell dead uttering tiie name of Christ. The Iroquois set the chapel, on fire and flung the body of Daniel into the flames. Breboeuf andLalemantexperienced a more dread- ful fate. They were serving at a missionary sta- tion, named by the French St. Ignatius, among the Hurons. On the morning of March 16th, 1649, the place was assaulted by about 1000 Iroquois. The Huron warriors, sending away the w^omen and children to the nearest bourgade, called St. Louis, defended the palisades. They desired the two missionaries to save themselves, as war was not their business. Brebceuf told tliem, in reply, that, at such a time, something more than /frc and steel was wanted, which he and his companion alone could administer. The palisades were soon forced. Breboeuf and Lalemant remaining behind to console the wound- ed and dying, the surviving Hurons tried to save themselves by flight, while the Iroquois seized the Missionaries and dragged them along into the town. According to custom, their savage captors compelled them to run tlie gauntlet, drawing them- selves up in two rows, and dealing out blows upon the missionaries as they passed between. Breboeuf and Lalemant were then placed not far from each other, fastened to posts. The torture of the Huron captives was going on around them. Breboeuf with a fearless aspect consoled the sufferers, addressing tliem in their own language, and declaring God's judgments against unbe- lievers. Wliile some cut oft' the hands of Breboeuf, and pieces of flesh from his arms, others applied heated iron to the body of Lalemant. Presently red hot hatchets were connected and hung round their necks like . ollars. Regardless of the pain Breboeuf continued to speak to his converts and to warn his persecutors. This so incensed these cruel wretches that they cut off his lips and thrust a burning brand into his mouth. Lalemant tried to approach his fellow martyr, but was ruthlessly prevented. When his tormentors had at length tried every species of device without succeeding in causing Breboeuf to manifest the least outward sign of suttering, they tore off iiis scalp and poured hot water over his head, in mockery of the rite of baptism. They called him, at tlie same time by his Huron name, saying " Echon! you say that people's reward will be greater in heaven, the more tliey suffer here ; thank us then for what we make you now endure !" The narrative, from which the foregoing particulars are taken, ends thus : "The eye of the martyr was now dim, and the torturers, from first to last unable to wring from him one sigh of pain, were eager to close the scene. Hack- ing off his feet, they clove open his chest, tore out his noble heart, and devoured it !" Lalemant's torments were prolonged until the following day, when a savage, by a sudden blow with his tomahawk, put an end to his sufferings. Some of Breboeuf^s remains were afterwards brought to Quebec, including his head. His rela- tives in France, who belonged to a noble family, sent out a hollow, silver bust, which, with Bre- boeut's skull enclosed and placed under a glass covering, is now to be seen at the Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Quebec. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WILLIAM HALES HINGSTON, M.D., MAYOR OF MONTREAL. Tlie newly elected Wiiyor is the son of the late Lieut-Col. Hiiigsiton, formerly in H. M. 100th, a regiment which came to this country to take part in the last American war, and did nuich ser- vice. The Ilingstons had heen established in Ire- land for centuries, and are allied with tl;;; Cotters of Cork, the elder Latouches of Dublin, and tiie Hales family ; and on the motlier's side to tiie old family of the Careys. "When the number of Regi- ments was reduced, after the close of the war, the 100th became the 99th, and was only disbanded several years afterwards, when Colonel Kingston selected a pretty spot on tlie banks of tlie Cliateau- guay River, near Huntingdon. There he organized the Mihtia Force, Lord Dalhousie giving liim command of the County of Huntingdon ; and sub- sequently. Sir James Kempt, of the County of Beauharnois. The wounds, however, he had re- ceived in action, especially one through the groin at the battle of Chippewa, which had lamed liim, terminated his life early, when the subject of our notice — one of six children — was only eighteen months old. At thirteen he was sent to the Montreal College, where at the end of his first year, he obtained the prize in eveiy branch, carry- ing three first and two second, while his chief opponent, the present superior of the College, obtained the remaining two first and three second. He afterwards spent a couple of years in studying pharmacy with R. W. Rexford, when he entered upon the study of medicine at McGill University. He graduated at the end of four years, and im- mediately left for Edinburgh, to obtain the Sur- geon's diploma of that University ; but by prac- ticing the most rigid economy he succeeded in visit- ing England and Ireland also, and alnu)st every country in Europe, spending the greater part of his time in the hospitals and bringing back with him diplomas from Scotland, France, Prussia, Austria and Bavaria. One, the membership of the Leopold Academy, purely honorary and given only to authors, was tlie (irst ever obtained by a Canadian, Sir William Logan and T. Sterry Hunt being the next recipients of tiie honour. He had almost made up his mind to settle in Edinburgh, as assistant to Professor Simpson, but yielded to the well understood wishes of his mother and returned to Canada. Dr. Ilingston began the practice of his profes- sion in the city of Montreal, in 1^53, taking up his residence in McGill Street. Here his urban- ity of manner, his punctuality, promptitude, strict ittention to the minutest details of his pro- fession, and his uniform kindness and gentleness of disposition towards all, witii his generosity to the sutlering poor, soon won fiir liim tiie goodwill of those with wiiom lie came in contact, and secured for him a rapidly extending practice. Cholera visited the city in lS-54, and was most severely felt in GritKntowu. Being the nearest physician Xo tiiat locality, tlie Doctor had abun- diuit opportunity of ministering to the relief of the afliictel. A few years afterwards, he removed into a house of his own in Bonnventure street. After- wards, he removed to Beaver Hail, wliere he resided until 187:,' when he purchased his present residence, corner of Union Avenue and St. Cathe- rine Streets. Dr. Ilingston has now occupied, for several years, a most prominent position in lilontreal, as a leading member of his profession — especially in siu'gery — his " first love," as the Canada Midkai Journal states ; and having, at the pre- sent time, besides a large city practice, one of the very largest consulting practices in Canada — call- ing him frequently to visit outlying towns and cities, and not unfrequently to the neighbouring States. Soon after beginning practice, Dr. Kingston received, unsolicited, the appointment of Surgeon to the English speaking department of the Hotel Dieu Hospital, and has been unremitting in his attendance upon the sufiering inmates of that excellent institution. There he has had the largest field in this country for the exercise of his calling, and has acquired a dexterity and precision in operating which is unusual. Many of the more difficult and hazardous ojierations in surgery have been there introduced by him to the profession in Canada, such for instance, as excision of the knee- joint, acquired deformities, and the successful removal of the tongue and lower jaw, at the same time. Though attached to no Medical School, Dr. Ilingston Inis largely availed himself of the material at iiis disposal in the hospital, for practically in- structing the medical students who attended it. Every day, for nuiny years, clinical instruction was given — the Doctor receiving no pecuniary rewaid therefrom. But as the young gentlemen whom he instructed graduated in medicine, and scattered theuiselves over the country, tliey gave many e\ideiices of their gratitude to, and confidence in, their generous instructor, and have largely assisted in building up iiis reputiition. Again visiting Europe, in 1SG7, one of his mas- ters, Professor (now Sir James) Simpson, paid a high tribute to Canadian Surgery in the person of Dr. Ilingston i>y inviting him to perform a surgical operation of dilliculty on one of his (Sir James') patients ; and on s^x'aking of him, a few weeks afterwards, in a British .Medical Journal of tlie time, Sir James styles liim, "that distinguished American Surgeon lat«dy amongst us." — — MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 77 As a graduate of McGill University he was one of a few gentlemen to organize tWe McGill Uni- versity Society, and to advocate and secure the appointment, from among the graduates, of Con- vocation Fellows to the University. The Hon. Alexander Morris, now of Mfinitoba, Mr. Brown Chamberlin and himself were the first office-bearers in the McGill L^niversity Society, a society founded chiefly for the purpose named ; but he alone, we believe, never occupied the position in the Univer- sity he was instrumental, in part, in obtaining for his fellow graduates. When Bishop's College Medical School was or- ganized by the late Dr. Smallwood and Dr. David, Dr. Hingstou was named Professor of Surgery, and afterwards Dean of Faculty, both of which, how- ever, he was forced to resign as the duties vere incompatible with his position at the Hospital. He received the degree of D.C.L., from the Univer- sity dt Lennoxville in 1871. When the Dominion Medical Association was formed Dr. Hingston was appointed first Secretary for the Province of Quebec; and two years ago, he was unanimously elected representative of the Pro- fession for the same Province. During his con- nection with the Association he contributed several papers on medical subjects. Last year, he was unanimously elected Governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, in the place of the lute Dr. Smallwood. One of the founders of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, he has three times held the position of Vice-President, and twice that of President, no small lionour in a city where the pro - fession stands so high, and a fair indication, it may be presumed, of the estimation in which he is held by his professional brethren. While tlie unanimity with which he was called upon to accept, aiid apparently with great reluctance on his part, the Civic Chair by the members of his own profession as wellasby the public at large, is tlieljest testimony that could be given of the esteem in which he is held by all classes and conditions of the connnunity. The boldness and frankness of the new Mayor's inaugural address was of a character to call forth encomiums from the Press geuernlly — the Wif)U'ss speaking of it as equalling Gladstcue's efforts, in clothing the dryest material in poetic language. The ease and elegance with which Dr. Hingston writes render it a matter of regret to medical readers that he does not contri'iute so frequently as formerly to the Medical Press of the country. For several years. Dr. Hingston wrote largely, Morgan, in his BibHotheca Canadensis, mentions a dozen of papers from his pen, the more important being on the state of medicine in Paris and Berlin; and a series of papers on the climate of Canada in its sanitary aspects. This latter paper the Doctor, a personal friend rJ tho author of this work and for many years his faiiilly physician, wrote especially for The British American Header, the first of the Ai' hcr's books introuuct 1 into Catholic and Pro- testant schi'.'.lc alike, and liow by School Act the basis o*' tue Examination in Dictation, &c., of caiididates for school diplomas for the Province of Quebec. As years have rolled on, however, and as professioni-1 duties have been multiplied. Dr. Kingston's t "^Torts in liint direction liave been less frequent, and of a more desultory character ; only being called forth in connection with some circum- stances o'" study of special interest. A medical sentleauui of Montreal thus writes : "I have known Dr. Hingston intimately almost since he commenced his professional career, and his beai'ing towards the public generally has been high- minded and honourable ; while towards his pro- fessional brethren he has ever displayed a courtesy and a delicately honourable bearing to all, even to those tacitly organized against him. He has, in vhe end, been rewarded, lor the younger members of his profession love and trust, and the elder res- pect him." " To the delicacy of bearing and senti- ment uniformly disphiyed by Dr. Hingston," says the same gentlenum, " as much to one as to any other member of the profession, are we indebted for much of a healthier and more wholesome tone of feeling among professional gentlemen than at one time existed." He is a nu'/nber of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinbuigh, besides the honorary titles of D.C.L. and M.L'A. CHARLES GLACKMYER. Was born in Montreal on the 22iul June, 1)?20. He followed a conij)lete course of studies at tiie Montreal College under the auspices of the Gen- tlemen of theSeminary of St. Sulpice. He studied law under the late Messrs. Peltier and Hourret, and was admitted to tiie Bar on the I Otii October, 184:j. Two years after, in 1847, he entered the Corpora- tion as Assistant City Clerk of Montreal, and on the 15th April, 1 859, was ajipointed City Clerk — an office whicli lie has continued to hold to the pre- sent day witii perfect satisfaction to the various mayors and councils which have been since then, ilr. Glackmeyer lias rendered important service to the city on many occasions, and his services could ill l»e spared to the Corporation of Jlontreal. He is in his official capacity, the right man in the right place. 78 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SIB FRANCIS HINGES, C.B. Sir Francis Hincks is the youngest son of the late Rev. Dr. Hincks, Professor of Oriental Lan- guages in the Royal Belfast Institution. He is brother of the late Rev. Ec. Hincks, D.D., rector of Killyleagh, who is well known by his writings on subjects connected with Egyptian, Persian and Assyrian antiquities and archaeology. The Irish family is a branch of one long settled in Chester, one of the old Roman cities of Eng- land. The subject of this sketch was born in the city of Cork, 1 4th December, \ 807, and educated at the Belfast Institution above mentioned. In 1832 he married Martha Anne, t'le daugiiter of Alexander Stewart, Esq., of Ligoniel near Belfast. He visited the United States and Canada in 1830, and next year commenced business at Toronto. In 1839 he founded the Toronto " Examiner, " which he edited for several years. In 1844 he removed to Montreal and founded the old well known paper " The Pilot, " and was for many years the chief political writer. At the first general election after the Union of the two Canadas, Sir Francis was returned for the County of Oxford, and in next year was appointed inspector general of public accounts in the Baldwin- Lafontaine Administration. From tliis date he continued to sit in the Assembly till 1S5S. Pre- vious to this last date, froiii October, IS-ll, to September, 1854, in the Hincks-Morin Adminis- tration, he was the leader of the Government. He visited Washington on several occasions to con- fer with the British minister tliere on the subject of commercial intercourse between Canada and the United States. He was elected by Lord Elgin to accompany him as representative of Can- ada when he negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty in 1854. He was also a delegate to the Maritime Provinces in lSo2 ou the subject of the Interco- lonial Railway, and in the same year was a dele- gate to the Imperial Government to urge the repeal of the Clergy Reserve Act and tlie grant of a guarantee for t! j Intercolonial Railway, during wiiich visit he made the preliminary arrangements with Messrs. Peto, Brassey, Betts and Jiickson, which resulted in the construction of tlie Grand Trunk Railway by English capitalists. He retired from ottice 1854, and the next year had the higii honor conferred on him of being appointed by the Imperial Government to the Governorship of tlie Windward Isles — West In- dies — wht^re lie continued till 1S()2 wiien InMigniii had the iiigii honor of being appointed the Gover- nor of British Uuiana, Soutii America, where lie remained until A.D. 1809. During liis Governorship of these two Colonies of the British Empire he received many proofs of the approval of the Home Authorities, among which are these two dis- tinctions : in 18(52 he was created a Companion of the Order of the Batii (civil), and in 1869 a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Visiting Canada in 1869 in connection with his private aftiiirs, and to see old friends, he consented to accept office in the Rose Government, then in power, and was sworn of the Privy Council of Canada and appointed Minister of Finance for the Dominion 9th October, 1869, which office he con- tinued to hold till his resignation in February, 1873. On the return of Sir Francis to Canada after a lapse of nearly 15 years lie was hailed by all classes of the people, and well did he deserve the public dinners, ovations and congratulatory ad- dresses showered on him at Ottawa, Toronto, and many other places. Venerable in appearance, and loaded with Impe- rial honors, well might Canada claim her son as the FIRST on whom the robes of a Governorship of a British Colony had been placed, and like the Hero of Kars in a neighboring Province raised to one of the highest positions a sovereign can exalt a sub- ject — kneehng at his sovereign's feet, and rising as Sir Francis Hincks. His life is an example that unflinching industry and perseverance and unalterable determination to succeed will always conquer every difficulty, and lead the individual on to success and honor. His political career may be shortly expressed thus: First returned to Parliament at general elec- tions, 1841, for Oxford County in Canadian Assem- bly, when lie was defeated in 1844. Returned again for same county, 1847 ; again in 1851, and also for Niagara, but elected to sit for Oxford. Returned for Renfrew, 1854, and retired in 1855 when appointed Governor of the Windward Islands. On again accepting otHce returned in 1869 for North Renfrew, which he represented till close of Parliiimeiit. Returned for Vancouver at the general elections of 187 1. 'le is the President of the Confederation Life Insurance Co. of Canada, and a member of Council of Royal Colonial Institute, London, England. He is also the autlior of various pamphlets on public affairs. Was President of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society for 1874. He is also President of the City Bank, and lias ehn-ted to reimiiii permanently in Montreal. Long may lie continue in our midst. I til MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 79 LOUIS PT)WAED HUBEET. Nearly two hundred and twenty -five years ago, : in the year 1648, the year in which King Charles I '^^f England was beheaded by his rebellious subjects, ' there lived in the city of Paris, in the Parish of Saint Genevieve des Ardents, in the Archbishopric of that city, Ren6 Hubert, an honorable man and of good position. He held the high appointment of Apostolic Notary and Registrar of the Officialite of Paris, (one of the most remarkable and highest of all the Parisian Courts of Law.) His wife was Anne Horry, a daughter of Nicholas Horry, wlio, when living, was also Apostolic Notary of the Parish of St. Nicholas du Chardonnel o^ Paris. i This couple had a son who figured in the early i history of Quebec, of the same name as his father, Ren^ Hubert. When living, he held the responsible position of Registrar of the Provost Marshal of Quebec, receiving his commission directly from King Louis JIV of France, and dated 20th April, 1700. He was also the Clerk of Conseil Supe- rieur, of Quebec, by commission, from April 1.3th, 1703, until his death, ] st September, 1725. All the papers, edicts, and ordinances of that court from 14th June, 170.3, to 1st November, 170-5, were signod by him. His son was Pierre Hubert who left Quebec to i reside in Montreal. He married Dame Marie I Joseph Chartier de Beauce. He was a " con- t structeur de vaisseaux," or ship builder, doing a -, large business and making latterly a good compe- tency. The subject of this sketch, Louis Edward Hubert, his son, was born in Montreal, on the IGth February 1760, just seven years after the cession of Canada to Britain, and the same year in which the old Pretender to the British throne died neglected at Rome. After passing with cddt all his studies in the Colleges of Montreal and Quebec, he married, on the 22nd November, 1796, Demoiselle Marie Cecil Cartier, only daughter of Jacques Cartier, merchant of the Parish of St. Antoine, River Richelieu, and aunt of the late Sir George E. Cartier, Baronet. He represented the County of Richelieu in the Parliament of Lower Canada from the year ISOl to 180-5, and when the war of 1812 broke out between Great Britain and the United States, he was named Capta.n Quarter-Master of the Militia of St. Denis. It was in 1813 that the combined movement of the American armies took place, their intention being to invade Canada at different points. One army of this movement was to march from the States by way of Champlain Lake and invade Montreal. The inhabitants of Montreal District then showed their loyalty and bravery, and they offered themselves voluntarily to serve against the invaders. The subject of this sketch holding an appoint- ment in the Militia with many others responded immediately to the appeal made by the Governor, and the Camp at Laprairie was formed, among whose citizen soldiery were Joseph Cartier of St. Antoine, Col. Bourdages of St. Denis, and J. J. Girouard, notary, of St. Benoit, and an old member of the Provincial Parliament of Lower Canada, The portrait from which the photograph on the opposite page is taken was drawn by the latter gentleman for his friend L. E. Hubert. The accou- trements and coat are of the old King George's style, a red coat and flint gun, but a brave heart and a faithful friend. Mr. Girouard has left a valued treasure to the family in the old portrait which he drew in the Camp of Laprairie in 1813- Mr. Hubert died at St. Denis in 1843 at the advanced age of 77. He left several children, the only surviving being Pierre David Hubert, Doctor of Jledicine, and Rend Augiiste Riciiard Hubert, the Prothonotary of the Superior Court of the City and District of Montreal, and who are both living in the city. 80 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EENE AUGUSTE RICHARD HUBERT. PEOTHONOTARY OF MONTREAL, Was the son of Louis Edward Hubert, merchant of St. Denis, River Richelieu, and of Dame Marie Cecil Cartier, aunt of the late Sir George E. Car- tier, Baronet, and was born on the 5th of June, 1811. When he had made with distinction all the classes of his course of study in the College of St. Hya- cinthe, at 25 years of age, he was admitted on the 16th April, 1S36, to the Bar of Lower Canada. Among his classmates may be mentioned the Bishop of St. Hyacinthe, Hon. Judge Sicotte and Pierre David Hubert, M.D., his brother. He studied in the offices of the late Louis Michel Viger, Esq., and in that of the well-known C. S. Cherrier, Esq. Choosing Montreal for the exercise of his pro- fession, for the long period of thirty years he always had a large number of rich and lucrative clients as a reward for his assiduity to his profes- sion, his talents and great integrity. No man deserved a better position than R. A. R. Hubert. In after years, his sterling qualities were well known and his honest purpose appreciated by those in power. He married, on the 2Gth December, 1833, in the Parish of Pointe aux Trembles, Dlle. Hermine Viger, the daughter of the late Joseph Viger, Esq., and of Thdr&se Archanibault of that place. Just thirty years after his admission to practice as an Advocate he was named Prothonotary, 11th Jaimary, 1866, and has occupied this important position and difficult situation to this day, to the entire satisfaction of the Bench, the Bar and the Public. A new Bank has lately been established in Montreal and has received the name of the patron suint of Canada, the St. Jean Baptiste Bank. The subject of this sketch is the Provisional President of the new enterprize. A sale which Mr. Hubert made last October, at Cote St. Paul, near Montreal, shows the most ex- traordinary advance of property that has ever occurred for several years past. This f-rm consists of 9G aqjents extent, and cost t'.,- sn.all sum of $4,800 in the year 18GG, an(' lie has sold it to a company of capitalists for ihe fabulous price of $280,000. His residence is photograplied on the opposite page, and is a fine house, " Mount St. Hubert," No. 441 Sherbrooke street. Let us now go back to 1S37. A year after his admission to the Bar he was engaged in the troubles of that year, and was present on the 14th December at the battle of St. Eustache with the late Dr. Chenier, slain in the fight ; J. H. Peltier, Esq., advocate, then his co-partner ; J. Chevalier de Lorimier, who was one of the victims of the troubles of 1838. St. Eustache is pleasantly situated on the north branch of the Ottawa River or the Riviere du Chene. The malcontents were strongly entrenched in the church which was set on fire, as was also the presbytere and about GO of the principal houses in the village. Nearly 200 fell victims to their folly from the fire and charges of the troops, or they were suffocated in the flames of the buildings destroyed. Mr. Hubert was ex- posed to the fire of the 32nd regiment and a battalion of volunteers on the north side when he was riding on horseback on the south side of the Petite Rivitlre du Chene, >i!\vii}g had a ball pass through his hat, and he would certainly have been killed, exposed as he was to the fire of more than 800 guns, if the balls had been better directed, but for the most part they lodged in the sides of the houses opposite to the Royal Regiment. On the 6th January, 183S, he was taken prisoner with his brother, Frangois Xavier Hubert, N.P., of St. Denis, at St. Antoine, River Richelieu, and thrown into the Montreal gaol, where were then confined the present Sheriff" Leblanc, the late Dr. Wolfred Nelson and many others. He remained in gaol for sdme months, till Lord Durham, converting his mission into one of peace, on the occasion of the coronation of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, caused the gaols of Canada, now crowded with political ofl^enders,to be emptied — many being released on giving security for future good behavior, Mr. Hubert gave recognizances of 810,000 that he would not "trouble the peace again for five years." More than thirty years have passed since the sub- ject of this sketch gave these bonds, a new genera- tion has arisen, Mr. Hubert has seen almost all his old companions pass away, but what he and tiie other " Fils de la Libertd" fought and bled for, this generation and their children have now obtained, viz-, responsible government and the election of its members by tiie people themselves. Very few have such an unblemished escutcheon and gt'nealogical register as Mr. Hubert, and very few can tell, especially in a new country, of the position and occupation of his great-great-grand- fiither. c-^ MONTREAL,— BIOG R APHIC AL SKETCHES. 81 JOHN SLEEP HONEY, JOINT rROTHOXOTARY Of the Superior Court for Lower Canada, District of Montreal, and Joint Clerk of the Circuit Couri of said District, was born in Callington (Borough) County of Cornwall, east, within three miles of the River Tamar on the borders of Devonsliire, England. His fatlier was a master-builder, and for many years was extensively engaged as such. He wiis a man distinguished for industrious habits, and high probity of character. At the age of thirteen Mr. John S. Honey entered the oifice of a distinguished Lawyer, in his native Borough, as clerk, and contiimed in this employment for four years. In the month of July, 1S32, the family emigrated to Canada from Plymouth, fortunately an-iving in Montreal in the montli of September, just as the cholera, wliicli had been so fatal tliat year, commenced to abate. Jlr. John S. Honey was favored wlien leaving the office of his patron in Callington, and through the influence of the lattergeiiileman, with a kind letter of introduction from Sir William Pratts Call, Baronet,' to Lord Aylmer, then Governor of Lowch- Canada. The family were promptly conveyed from Quebec to Montreal by the Steamer JoHJf Bull, well remembered as the principal vessel of tlie kind in Canadian waters. In December following his arrival Mr. Honey had the good fortune to be engaged by the Joint Prothonotaries of the then Court of King's Bench, ilessrs. Monk & Morrogh. He was first employed as Enquete Clerk, and at the end of the engagement, which lasted about a week, he became Clerk in the Inferior term of the Court of King's Bench, whence, after some two week's service, he was promoted to the per- manent staff of the Court of King's Bench. In six months after his promotion he was articled for five years as a law student in the office of the Prothonotaries, who were both lawyers, and at the end of this term was duly admitted to the Bar, but as his services in the Department were considered valuable by the Prothonotaries, and his salary having been handsomely augmented, he decUned to enter upon the practice of the profes- sion. In the course of four years Mr. Honey's administrativ(^ capacity effected many important changes in tlie office;, whicii continue in operation to the present period. The most valuable of these improvements was the introduction of the Court Book known ac, the Brjujiioiir, in whicli lie embodied particulars of the cases which had been instituted from the year 1S27. This laborious work was performed after office hours, and ex- tended over a period of nearly twelve months. It was presented to the Prothonotaries on the 1st of January, 1S37, and was so highly appreciated by the authorities of the Court, the Bar, and even the Mercantile community, that a handsome gift in money was handed by the Prothonotaries to Mr. Honey. In 18-50 the fees of the Court in Lower Canada wt^re ordered by law to be funded. About the same period took place, under another enact- ment, further decentralization of the administra- tion of Justice, which, by establishing several Courts in new localities, so reduced the. fees in all tlie old Districts that the Government was obliged to pay from the General Revenue a large amount annually to meet deficiencies. In order to remedv this defect in the working of these sev^eral Courts, Mr. Honey submitted to the Government, in the year 1S60, a re-adjustment of the ^Montreal Tariff of Fees, of the Superior Court, whioh was adopted in March, ISGl, and extended uniformly, to all the Districts. As a re- sult of this chauire, instead of a deficiency in the District of Moi treal of S5932, in the year 1S57, there has b(;en an annual surplus, tho amount of the last year (1874) not being less than SCS25. In the year 1863 Mr. Honey rendered impor- tant services to the legal profession by the Publi- cation of Table of Fees and disbursements payable to Attorneys and Officers of the Courts in suits at law ; also. Rules of Practice of the Court of Queen's Bencli ; and Tariffs of fees for Registrars, Advo- cates, and Officers of the Courts, including sche- dules of taxes upon Proceedings in Courts of Civil and Criminal Jurisdiction in Lower Canada. In the year 1S44 upon the death of Mr. Mor- rogh, Mr. Honey was appointed Deputy Protho- notary of the Superior and Circuit Courts, and so continued till the year 186-5, when upon the demise of Mr. Monk he received the ajjpoint- ment of Joint Prothonotary with Messrs. Coffin & Papineau. In the following yejir Mr. Coffin died, and was succeeded by ilr. Hubert, tlie firm then becoming, as it still continues, Messrs. Hubert, Papineau & Honey. 82 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WILLIAM HENDERSON. Was born in Derannanning, county Fermanngh, Ireland, Ist June, 1810. He is of Scotcli descent. He came to Quebec with iiis father, David Hender- son, in June, 1820. Afterwards he was engaged in the film of A. Jackson & Co., lumber merchants of that city. At the end of two years he entered into partiiersliip with Messrs. Jackson and McAl- pine. In 1828 he went into partnership with his father, when they commenced manufacturing lumber on the Ste. Anns, Batiscan and Champlain Rivers, 60 miles west of Quebec. At this time he also kept a general store at Ste. Genevieve de Ba- tiscan, which he continued till 1840. He was at the same time, from lS30to 1838, the Superinten- dent of Allan, Gilmour & Co.'s Wolfe-Cove and Shipping Department, Quebec. In 1842 he came to Montreal, and has been since in business. In con- nection with his lumber and timber trade he started Bteam saw and platiing mills and a box factory on the Lachine Canal Bank. These large mills were all burned down in 1874, but in January, 1875, were rebuilt, and are now the finest and largest saw and planing mills in the city, doing an immense amount of business during the year. In 1872 he also built steam saw mills in I'Assomption for the manufacture of sawn lumber, where he lias many miles of well wooded limits extending on the differ- ent rivers round about the mills. Almost all the pro- duce of these mills is for the English and American markets, although a quantity is sentto South Ame- rica. He owns several boats for slii[)ping his lumber and timber, all of which industries give employment to a large number of men. Mr. Henderson was a member of tlie City Coun- sel from 1868 to 1871. He is a life member of the Protestant House of Industry and Refuge, and takes a most active part in the welfare and support of the Montreal General Hospital and other charitable Institutions. He married, in 1835, a daughter of the late Captain Jauiiesonof the 4th Royal Battalion, and iiis sons are actively employed with him in his business. ALEXANDER HENRY KOLLMYER. Is the son of the late Henry Christian KoUmyer, and was born in Montreal May ISth, 1832. He was educated here, especially in the Royal Grammar School kept by the late Alexander Skakle, L.L.D. This was then the only institution in Montreal where a classical education could be obtained. He remained there till that gentleman died, when all the pupils were transferred to tlie High Scliool which was then under the care of the Rev. Mr. Siiupson. He remained tiiere till 1848, when he became connected with the then well-known establishment ofR. W. Rexford, chemist and drug- gist, where be remained for four years. Desirous to prosecute medicine he became in 1851 a student of McGill, and was ap- pointed House Apothecary to the Montreal General Hospital in 1855. In 1856 he obtained his degree of M.D. In 1668 he was appointed Lecturer on Materia Medica in the Montreal Col- lege of Pharmacy. In 1869 he was appointed Lecturer on ">■ Mny in the same Institution, and in 1872-3 he alo.. j gave, groatly to his credit, the wiiole of tlie tliree conr-.'s of six months lectures on Chemistry, Materia Medica and on Botany, and solely tln'ough his instrumentality is due the fact that by his keeping up these lectures the druggists of Montreal obtained their bill through Parliament in 1S74, by which they are now enabled to educate and license their young men. In 1871 lie was appointed Professor of Materia Medica and Therajieutics in tiie Medical Faculty of the University of Bishop's College, and during the same year an Honorary degree of M. A. was con- ferred on him by the same University at its Convo- cation in Lennoxville. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 88 LOUIS AMABLE JETTE, M.P. Is the son of Amable Jettd, formerly a mer- chant of L'Assomption in the Province of Quebec. His grandmother's name was Caroline Gauffreau, a granddaughter of a St. Dominique planter. He was born at L'Assomption on the 5th January, 1836. He was educated in the college there, an institution which has turned out many of our prominent men. On the 23rd April, 1852, he married Berthe, the daughter of the late Toussaint Laflamme, Esq., merchant of Montreal, and the sister of the well known and rising advocate, the member for Jacques Cartier County, T. A. R. Laflamme, Esq., Q.C. He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1857. Heis a corresponding member of the " Societe de Legislation comparee de Paris," France. He is also the treasurer of the Montreal Bar, also Editor of the Beviie Critique de Legislation et de Juris- prudence du Canada, and a correspondent of the Revue de droit International de Gaud, (Belgium). For a short period in 1862-3 he w!is the editor ofUOrdre newspaper. Latterly attending exclu- sively to the increasing duties of his profession, he was retained by the Seminary in the Guibord case. Hb was first returned to Parliament for Montreal East, his present seat, at the general election of 1872, when Sir George Cartier lost the election. He was re-elected by acclamation at the last general election. He is a member of the Parti National, and a supporter of the McKenzie Administration. 84 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. RICHARD ALBERT KENNEDY, M.D., CM. Was born in 1S39 at Montreal. He is tlie son of the late William Kennedy, builder, formerly of Yorkshire, England. Educated in the High School he commenced the study of medicine in 1 SCO, enter- ing the University of McGil! that same year. He completed the cuniculum of studies, passing all the examinations and being a participant in the first prize given lor the best examination in the primary branches in 1S(J3. The following year, ] 804, he received the double degree of 51. D., CM., from the University of JIcGill, and in I^Liy of the same year obtained the Licence of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, becoming a mem- ber of the same in 1&74. Commenced practice in Montreal, but sliortly after went to Dunham. After practicing for some time in Dunham he returned to Montreal, and rectnimenced profession- al practice in ISd!). In 1871, he was elected one of theattendingpliysiciansto the Montreal Dispensary, afterwards taking an active part in the manage- ment of that institution and becoming its secretary in 1S75. He isa memberof the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, and has read several papers at its meetings; also member of the Health Association, and author of a paper on the " Disposal of Sewer- age." In 1871, he joined with others in establishing a new medical school which was affiliated to the Uni- versity of ]>isliop's College, Lenuoxville, astlie Me- dical Faculty of that Institution, receivingthe same year from that U^niversity the ad'eundem degree of M.D., CM., and also tiie degree of A.M. During the four following sessions he has occupied the chair of Anatomy, but in April, 187-5, having resigned that cluiir he was elected to the Professorship of Sur- gery, a position he is eminently fitted for as his long ac(piaintanc" with the chair of anatomy ren- ders him proficient in that branch. WILLLAM KENNEDY. Was born in Montreal in 1822. Eldest son of the late Wm. Kennedy in his lifetime builder in Mon- treal, a native of Yorkshire, England, both parents being English. Mother, of the Powell family. On leaving school learned his business as a builder and also studied architectural designing. In 1842 entered into partnershij) with his father and carried on the business for seveial years until the retirement of the senior partner. Afterwards on bis own account, aiul hiis continued the occupa- tion to the present time, combining witli it the professions of Architect, Valuator and Expert. During this time has supervised and assisted in the erection of many public and private l)uildiiigs. In 1S;}S was a member of tlie ~'nd Conipa'"\of the Battalion of Volunteer ^lilitia under Colonel Maitland, which served during the rebellion of that period, being stationed to guard the ap- proaches of the city ; afterwards served in the Light Inlimtry wliih; under the conimaud of Colonel Dyde. Ill 1805 was member and Lilirarian of the Choral Musical Society which was organized under the direction of the late Mr. JIaffre. Tlie Society giving many concerts at which tiiey rendered the compositions of the old nuisters. During the early struggles establishing the ISIechanics Institute i\Ir. Kennedy becanu' a IJfe Member and actively assisted in placing tiu' Insti- tution on a. permanent iiasis, heing a ^lendier of the Finance and other Committees. The grant from Government not being sutlicient to enable the Directors to engage professional teachers Mr. Kennedy tendered his gratuitous services, and for several years successfully taught the classes in architectural drawing and designing. During the excitement of 1801 Volunteer corps were formed, and ilr. Kennedy actively assisted, b»!ing elected 1st Lieut, of the -Jud Montreal Engineers. In 18C4 received a 1st Class certificate from the ililitary Board for proficiency in military duties, and was also gazetted Capt. of his Company. In 18()9 was ])romoted to the rank of JIajor in the Active Jlilitia of Canada. During the Fenian Raid of 1870 he was at Huntingdon and to((k part in the engagenu'ut at Trout Kiver. In 1874 was elected one of the life (iovernors of the new Western Hospital. In March, 1872 was elected Councillor for the ."^t. Lawrence ward and afterwards Alder- man, actively attending to bis - MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 85 VERY REV. ARCHDEACON LEACH, LL.D., D.C.L. The subject of this sketch is a native of Benvick-on-Tweed, where he received his early education, removing thence to complete it at Stirling before entering the University of Edin- burf'i, where after four years of honorable study he t' V his degree of Master of Arts. For the following four years he was a Divinity Student in the Theological department, and after passing tiie usual examinations, was ordained. Shortly after this he came to Camida and for some years was minister of St. Andrew's Church, Toronto, where also he was Chaplain to the 93rd Highland regi- ment while it was stationed there. In 1S43 he received orders from Bishop Moun- tain of Quebec, and was tlie same year appointed as Incumbent of St. George's Church, Montreal — the old ciuirch in St. Joseph street now made into a factory — and continued for the long period of twenty years to be a faithful and conscientious pastor, when he resigned the Incumbency. By the late Bishop Fulford Dr. Leach was " collated and instituted to the dignity of Honorary Canon in tiie Catliedral Church of Montreal," and eleven years afterwards Bisliop I'ulford appointed him one of his domestic chaplains and Archdeacon of Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal. REV. ROBT. An eminent Jlinister in the Wesleyan Denomina- tion, was born in Louden in tiie year l/Sfi, and at an early age was trained and educated for tlie Jlinis- try. In 1817 lie was appointed to take cliarge of tlie society in Montreal, and arrived here in December of that year. Tiie Wesleyan chapel at that time was in St. Sulpice street, now occupied by tiie Fabri<[ne, wiicro he preaclied for 3 years. He returned to Eiighind in 1^:2S and nint; years Inter lie was re-appointed as Chief Pastor of the Wesleyan Body in Lower (,'aiiada, and arrived here in October, IS37. Sliortly after iiis second arrival in tills country his lieultli gradually failed, and after a career of great usefidness, he tlied in July, 1848, in the &2ud year of his age and 33id of his ministry. He was ciiietly eminent for his learning, gentleness of disposition, and deep but niiobtnisive piety. Tlie science of astronomy was a favorite study of liis, and liis lectures on tliat subject shewed great research. As a preacher he was seldom equalled, if excelled, in his day, as For some years after his resignation he was in charge of Lachine Parish. Upon the recommendation of the late Dean Bethune and Bishop Mountain he was appointed as one of the Professors of McGill Col- lege as early as in the year 184G, an appointment which received the confirmation of the Imperial Government. He was promoted shortly after- wards to the office of Vice-Principal of that Uni- versity and to that of Dean of the Faculty of Arts. He has been for years a Member of the Protestant Council of Public Instruction for Lower Canada, now the Province of Quebec. He is also Professor of English Literature, holding the Molson chair of tiie University. He is also Professor of Logic. Tlie autlior cannot close this short sketch of the Ven. Archdeacon without inserting the dedication of liis first edition to him, just ten years ago, of his " Harp of Canaan," where he says : " This work is dedicated as a small token of respect for high literary attainments and endeavors to elevate the standard of Englisli Literature in Lower Canada." Long may Dr. Leach remain like Rev. Father Dowd as members of the Council of Public Instruc- tion. L. LUSHER, the tollowiiig extract from tlie Canadian Courant, under (late, :L*3rd January, 1819, will shew: " We iiave sat under tiie preaeliing of tlie ablest divines, but we conceive the puljiit elocution of tlie Rev. ^Ir. Lusher in this or almost any other country stands unrivaled. Unifornilv eloipient, his language is chaste, persuasive and classically cor- rect, full of patiios and a laudablt' zeal. Although he preaches extemporaneously, the ej'e of criticism discovers nothing in liis language redundant, notliing to rctrencli ; and wiiilst itsweetly allures the understanding, is free from ostentation, bigotry and enthusiasm, remarkable in a preaciier of tliat persuasion." It was not an uncommon occur- rence that when it was known of his intention to preach in tiie country ])arts, he had to take his position at the church door, so that all niigiit hear liiiii iiotli outside and in. Mr. Seymour, at jires- ent residing in Montreal, remembers tiiis to liave been the case. 86 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. N. LOVERIN, M.D. He was born at Greenbush, Elizabethtovvn, i S29, and educated at Brockville Grammar School under the principalship of J. Windiat, Esq. In the University of Toronto in 1S52, he took the prize for anatomy and physiology. He graduated in McGill College May, 1S55, and married Miss C. Bronsdon of Montreal, the daughter of one of our most well known and oldest citizens of the present day. He practiced for many years as a physician in Chicago, and was surgeon in the late American civil war in the army of McCellan, being present at the battles of Centerville, Antietam and South Mountain. In the disastrous and terrible conflagration in Chicago in 1871 he was with thousands of others burned out. After the fire he was appointed 1st President of the Dominion Benevolent Association of Chicago, which society was organized to aid the sufl'erers by that awful fire. He is at present specially engaged in bringing before the Canadian Public the interesting, novel, and I might say wonderful, method of studying history invented by Count Zaba, a system which will eventually supersede all other systems of teaching history, and become the one and only method of imparting that interesting and useful branch of education to the rising generation of every civilized country. He has recently invented a most ingenious school requisite, " The Historical Centograph and Statistical Register," which has already com- manded the esteem of Rev. Abbe Verreau of Jacques Cartier Normal School and other well known Historians. L. 0. LORANGER, ESQ. The subject of this sketcli was born at Ste. Anne de Yaniacliiche on the 10th April, 15:37. He com- menced his studies in the College of Montreal and finished them in tliat of the Jesuits. After studying law for some yeai's he was admitted advocate on tlit! 3rd JLiy, 1S5S. He entered into partnersliip witli his two brothers, T. J. J. Lorangor, Esq., now Judge of the Superior Court, Three Rivers district, and Joseph Loianger with whom he now practices- He was obliged to work hard and to display a great energy to keep and satisfy, after the advance- ment of liis brother to the Bencli, a very large number of clients. He is considered as one of the best lawyers of the Bar of Montreal. Since 1866 he has been a member of tlie Council of the Bar, and was elected to represent the St. Louis Ward in J 861, and consequently Mr. Loranger is one of our oldest Aldermen. He is distinguished by a practical spirit, a sound judgment, an easy and agreeable speed), and an impressible but prudent disposition. He was President of the Committee of Arrangement of the great St. Jean Baptiste fete held 24th June, 1874. EDMOND LAREAU. Est ne k St. Gregoiro, Mont Johnson, dans le comt6 d'lberville, le 12 Mars 1848; fit do bonnes etudes classiques au semiiiairo de Sto. Marie do Monnoir ot fut admis a I'etude du droit le IC Sej)tombre 1867. II etudia sa profession au bureau dcs Messieurs Doutrc ot fut reguavoeat lo 27 Soptomhro 1870, a])r6s avoir ete gradue Buchetieren loisdo I'Universite Vic- toria. En 1874 il fut re^u Bachclier on droit do rUniversite McGill. M. Lareau s'cst beaucoup occiipe do littcraturo, d'histoire ot do journalisme. En 1870 il rcdigca lo fa\ji, et en 1872 il coopcra k la mlaction du National. II a aussi public dos arliclcs do niorite dans V Opinion Publiqijc tiur loH Anciaines Archtrit> Fran^'ais. En 1873 il publia, en collaboration avcc M, Gonzalvc Doutrc, avocat, le premier volume de VHistoire. du Droit Cana dien, publication do 800 pages, grand 8vo. royal. Son Bistoire de la Literature Canadienne, 8vo. pp. 400, parut en 1874. C'estun compendium important oil 80 trouvo reuni !os noms do tous coux qui ont con- tribue au inouvomont du progros do la litteraturo nationalo. Nous avons encore do lui lo Tableau des Dclais fixes, et autros ecritssur dos questions do droit quo I'autour a public dans los divorsos Rovuos legalea du pays. Depuis quclquos anneos M. Lareau a cesse d'dcrire pour ce livrer oxclusivement a I'exercise de la pro- fession d'avocat. II est mornbro do la Sociote do Legislation do Paris ot Locturour a la Faculty de Droit do rUnivorsito McGill. 1 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 87 JEAN LUKIN LEPROHON, M.A., M.D., CM., Bom at Chambly, April 7th, 1822, is the represen- tative in Canada of the Leprohon family, whose ancestor Jean Philippe Leprohon came to Canada in 1758, Lieutenant in a French regiment, and settled in Montreal after tlie conquest of the country by Great Britain. Edouard Martial, the father of Dr. Leproiion, served during the war of 1812, was present at the battle of Chateauguay, and was decorated later for ser\'ices rendered in that action. His wife, Marie Louise Lukin, was of Swiss descent. Her grandfather came to Canada shortly after the con- quest as Secretary to one of tlie early English Governors. Dr. Leprohon went through a complete classical course in Nicolet College, of which establishment his uncle, the Rev. J. O. Leprohon, was Director for over a period of thirty years. On leaving Nicolet College Dr. Leprohon entered on tiie study of medicine under Dr. Holmes, following tiie lec- tures at McGill College, and graduating at that institution in May, 1843. He t'len visited Europe and remained abroad till tlie fall of 1845. On his return he connnenced practicing his profession, and entered also on tlie publication of a French medical periodical : La Lancctte Canadiennc. He also lectured several times on Hygiene, the Climate of Canada, &c., before LTnstitut Canadien. In 1851 Dr. Leprohon was married to Miss R. E. MuUins, already iinown in literary circles through tales and serials contributed to the Literary Garland under tlie signature of R. E. M. In 1858 Dr. Leprohon represented the St. Antoine Ward in the City Council, receiving a vote of thanks from that body on his retirement from office. Dr. L. has been attached to the Montreal Dis- pensary as consulting physician since 1864. In 1866 he was appointed with another medical gentleman to report on the sanitary state of Montreal, and a report was published by them embodying valuable suggestions concerning hygienic improvements in the city. In 1870 he received a caU to the chair of Hygiene in the Meuical Department of Bishop's College, which appointment he still tills. Dr. Leprohon holds the honorable post of vice-consul of Spain for Montreal since September, 1871. He was appointed Justice of the Peace in 1851 ; Surgeon in the lOth Battalion of Militia in July, 1855; and is one of the Founders of the Woman's Hospital of Montreal. MRS. LEPROHON. We feel much satisfaction in being enabled to give a notice of one of the iew native born Cana- dian ladies who have devoted themselves to the advancement of our native literature. Mrs. Leprohon, better known to the public by her maidennameofMiss R. E. Jlullins, the accom- plished and talented authoress, was born in Mon- treal, and received her education in that city. At the early age of fourteen, she evinced a strong inclination for writing ; and from that time became a steady contributor, both of prose and verse, to the celebrated Literary Garland, publish- ed by John Lovell, of Jlontreal. Under the ini- tials of " R. E. M." she became speedily known ; and her pieces were invariably admired and received the encomiums of all. Every one was sur- prised to see in one so young, talents of so high an order, capable of producing compositions of such i grace and beauty. Among the many tales con- 1 tributed by her to the Garland, none were so well [received or so popular as " Ida Bcrcsford," (since translated and published in Frencii), " Florence ^it^ Hardinyc," and " Era Hitntimjdun," tales of action and pathos of so high a character, that they ly, without exaggeration, be ranked among those f the same class, by the best Englisli or American contributors to the periodical press. She after- wards became enrolled on the staff of some of the American journals and magazines. In 1860, Mrs. Leprohon became connected with the Family Herald by the same publisher, and whilst engaged on that paper, wrote her celebrated tale of the " Manor House of Do Villerai," wherein she made it her object to describe faithfully the maimers and customs of the peasantry or habitants, as they are called, of Lower Canada. It was also written to illustrate that period of our history em- bracing the cession of Canada to England. In all that she purposed, the authoress was eminently successful, and so popular was this work, that it was translated into French, and published in book form. This work has, according to general opinion, been considered as the very best written on Canada, and adds another laurel to Mrs. Leprohon's well earned fame. In the same year she translated into English the words of the cantata of Mr. Sempe, written to commemorate the visit of the Prince of Wales, sung before His Royal Highness, whilst in Montreal, by the Oratorio Society of that city. ilrs. Leprohon is also a very superior musical artiste and linguist, endowed vfixh great^ general abilities and accomplishments. ^ ■ ^0 Sc, '" r^/ZJ/ /^ ^\ 88 MONTREAL— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HONORABLE MAURICE LAFRAMBOISE. Son of the late Alexis Laframboise, Esq., of Montreal. Was born in Montreal, ISth August, 1821, and lived in this city up to October, 1846. Was married 18th February, 1846, to Mademoi- se.lle Rosalie Dessaullos, co-seignioress of the Seigniory of St. Hyacinthe. Lived in St. Hya- cintlie from October, JS46, up to October, 1862, when he returned to Montreal, where he has been ever since. Was elected Member of the Legisla- tive Assembly of Canada, in 1S57, by the County of Bagot, which he has represented until tlie Con- federation in iS67, when he was defeated by the great influence of the clergy against him. Was a Member of the Executive Council as Commissioner of Public Works, from July, 1863, until March 1864, when the wliole Government resigned Has been for many years Mayor of the City of St Hyacinthe. Was elected in June, 1871, by th County of Shefford to represent tliis county in tin Provincial Legislature of Quebec. Has alway been a Liberal in politics. Lc National, of which tiie Honorable ]\Ii Laframboise is proprietor, and Jlr. N. Aubin th editor in chief, was started on the 11th May, 1872 It issues two editions daily, and has an editoria staff" of five. It numbers about 3000 papers a day which will be doubled as is expected before long. 4 •f vrfw. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 89 BODOLFHE LAFLAMME, M.P. Toussaint Antoine Rodolphe Laflamme, Q.C., D.C.L., was born in Montreal in 1828. His father, a merchant in tliis city, was of a family that oriirinally came from Normandy, and his mother. Marguerite Thibaudeau, was descended from one of tlie banished Acadian families, and an uncle of hers founded tiie town of Thibaudeauville in Louisiana, and became a member of the United States Congress. Young Laflamme having com- pleted his studies at Montreal College, entered on the study of law in Mr. Drummoiid's office. In these days the democratic idea which were agita- ting the world had penetrated even to the banks of the St. Lawrence, and in Montreal they found ad- herents in a band of young men of talent, among whom were Messrs. Papin, Labergc, Labreche- Viger, Eric Dorion, Wilfred Dorion, Gustave Papineau, son of the Hon. L. J. Papineau, Casimir Papineau, M. Lanctot, Joseph Uoutre, Charles Daoust, &c., several of whom had already come prominently before the country in connection with the Iiistitut Caiiadien and public meetings. To further their political aspirations, which were con- siderably in advance of tiieir time, they founded the notedjournal L'Avenir, which, during its existence, demonstrated the talent and fearlessness in hand- ling political questions whicli our French-Canadian brethren are capable of when not overpowered by ecclesiastical influences. Occupying a foremost place in this phalanx of young politicians, who then formed the vanguard of tiie <>rreat Liberal party, stood Mr, Laflanuiie, who was elected Pre- sident of tlie Institut Canadieu in 1847, and was one of the chief editors of Z'^li-ew/r, and the writer of several of its most striking articles. Chimerical as many of the aspirations expressed in that paper are said to have been, it is claimed that most of the leading reforms advocated by it, such as tlie repeal of Seigniorial rights, decentralization of tiie Judiciary and the Colonization project of 1 848, have been taken up and carried by the Conservatives assisted in tlie latter item by the clergy. Never- theless, these young Reformers were looked on with no friendly eye by tlie hierarchy and priest- hood, who labored to jirejudice the minds of the people against them. Mr. Laflamme was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1849, and at first practised in partner- ship with the late Mr. Laberge. He is now head of the law firm of Laflamn^'^, Huntington, Monk & Laflamme, Montreal. In a few years he acquired a splendid practice, bringing him from four to five thousand pounds per annum. He is said to be a born lawyer, thoroughly versed in all. the details and all the departments of his profession. In some years he has had as many as four hundred cases in the Superior Court alone. He is frequently charged with very important cases before the Court of Appeals and the British Privy Council. Among other noted cases he acted as counsel from 1857 to 185Sfor tlieSeigneurs who claimed their indemnity in virtue of the Seigniorial act, having opposed to him Mr. Doutre, counsel for the Censitaires and a foemau worthy of his steel, the contest in this case being afterwards prolonged in the press. Mr. La- flamme was created a Queen's Counsel in 1SG3, and ill 18G5 acted along with Messrs. Abbott and Kerr for the defence in the trial of the St. Albans Raiders. He is Professor of the law of Real Estate in McGill College, from which he received the degree ofB.C.L. in 1856, and that of D.C.L. in 1873. Al- though unceasingly zealous in the service of the Liberal party by tongue and pen, he did not seek parliamentary honors till the general elections of 1872, when he was elected representative in the House of Commons for Jacques Cartier County, being re-elected by acclamation for the same con- stituency at the last general election. 90 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CHAELES ANDRE LEBLANC, SUEIMFF OF MONTREAL. The poitniit opposite is tliat of Mr. Charles Aii(lr<5 Leblnnc, present SheriH' for the District of Montreal. He was born in ilontreal on tlie IStii August 1S16. Besides the olfice of SheritF, lie has held many positions of liigli iionour during a long and eventful life. We will merely mention the principal. In June, 1S67, he was appjioiuted a Queen's Counsel, and in November, 1S72, was elevated to the post he now holds. For twelve years he was a member of the Council of the Bar, whi'.'h in 1SG3 elected him as its Batonnier. ~ .er.'i" Leblanc is, on behalf of the Government, LJector • f tiie Northern Colonization Railway, and also President of the Reformatory Institution, to which, in conjunction with his late friend Mr. Olivier Berthelet, be has given a great deal of his time. He also was for two years the President of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, and he now belongs to the Council of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec, of which he is an active member. If we turn to his early days we find that he was educated at the Montreal College in College street, the only educational institution at that time and which was under the direction of the Sulpicians, the Directors during his time being succi'ssfully R. R. Messrs. Quibillier and Bayle. On leaving College he studied law for five years under Pierre Moreau, Q.C., who took him as a partner when lie was called to the Bar in IS3S. The late Francis Cassidy, Esq., Q.C., who studied law in tlie tirm of Moreau & Leblanc, became the latter's partner and remained so for 25 years. In 1837, as a Fils dc la Lihcrir, lie became implicated and was incarcerated during five months in the Montreal gaol, — that gaol, which as tlie Slierifl" he now has entire jurisdiction over. Of his comrades at Col- lege we mention the names of Sir Geo. E. Cartier, Judges Bei thelot, Beaudry, Mgr. Bacon, Bishop of Portland, ^Messrs. Roucrlioy, de Boucherville, and many other Canadian celebrities. He bus been the Grand JMarshal of the St. Jean Baptiste Society for the long period of IS years. He was also the Attorney of the Jacques Cartier Bank from its commencement until his elevation to the oHice of Sherifi'. He is also one of the Directors of the London and Lancasiiire Lifelnsurance Com- pany, and a chuiciiwardtn of the Parish Church of Notre Dame, and it is a nmaikable fiict, showing the liigli e.'-timation in wliicii ilr. Leblanc is held b}' the gentlemen of the Seminary, that he is the first advocate tiiat ever held the appointment. We have much pleasure in thus imperfectly sketching the life of Slierifl" Leblanc, and can tes- tify that in all our dealings officially as Chaplain to the gaol, and in the organization, &c., of the Central Female Prison, he has ever acted as a per- fect gentlemen. Urbane and afliible in liis manners, anxious always to assist and help on, eveiy good work, we earnestly iiope that he may be long spared to fill his responsible position and be an ornament to his native city. THE COURT HOUSE. The Court House was built in 1800, under a Provincial Statute, by which the sum of ^'5000 was appropriated for its erection. Tiie ground upon which it stands was formerly the property of the Jesuits. It contains the Court HaJl, Court of Quarter Sessions, Prothonotary's Office, Offices of Clerk of the Crown, Judges Chambers, Grand Jury Room, Petty Jury Room, the Magistrates' Room, Law Library and Advocates' Library, and Superior and Circait Court Iiooms, &c. The Deputy of our worthy SherifTis Mr. Myrin Holly Sanborn, who was appointed in 1855, by the late Slierill" Ikiston, and has worthily filled his ofiice now for twenty years. He is a Notary by profession, having been admitted A.D. 1850. The present Court House, large though it is, is now insufficient for the immense amount of business which is brought to it, hence important changes are contemplate-! in its interior arrangements. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 91 HON. CHAELES JOSEPH LABERGE. Mr. Labergc was born in Montreal the 20th Octo- ber, 1827. He entered the College of St. Hya- cinthe in 1S;1S, and all his collegiate course was but an uninterrupted career of brilliant suc- cesses. Whilst at school the lion. Louis Joseph Papineau was forced to say to him, " Frankly, sir, I have never heard any one spcali as well as you. If I have had the reputation of an orator you have the talent, and I predict that you will be a great orator." Leaving school in 184-5, Mr. Laberge studied law under Mr. R. A. R. Hubert, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. He was elected to Parliament in 18-54, by the County of Iberville, and soon placed himself in the first ranli. as a Par- liamentary orator. In 1S5S he was appointed Solic' tor-General in tlie Brown-Dorion Cabinet. In September, 1863, Mr. Laberge was appointed assistant Judge for the district of Sorel, in place of Judsje Bruneau. He fulfilled the duties of his office for about a year, and never did a Judge give more complete satisfaction, wliether to the lawyers or to their clients. On tlie 23rd November, 18-59, Mr. Laberge married Mdlle. Helena Olive Turgeon, daughter of the Hon. J. 0. Turgeon, member of the Legislative Council. Twice elected Mayor of St. Jean, he refused re-election a third time. He established the Volunteer Companv of St. Jean, and the Franco- Canailien of the same place, wHch was conducted by him and by his successor, Mr. Marchand, with as much wisdom as talent. The life of Mr. Laberge was but a continuous sacrifice for liis country. Disinterested, devoid of personal ambition and political trickery, he never thought of himself, and all his public acts were only inspired by patriotism. He was a model politician, and was a living testimonial to the fact thai a man could be a true Liberal and at the same time a sincere Catholic. We would recommend his public and private virtues as an example to all public men. At tiie time of his death he was the editor-ia- chief of " Le NationaF — a man of probity — inflex- able principles and brilliant qualities — one of the finest intellects that Canada has ever produced. He died the 3rd August, 1874, in tiie 47th year of his iige. HON. JOSEPH OVIDE TURGEON. The subject of this sketch was born about tlie end of the last century at Terrebonne, a county whicii lias produced some well knt^vn Canadians — and wliich lies on the banks of the beautiful Lake of tiie Two Mountains. He was the son of M. Josepli Turgeon, Notary, and Dame Marguerite Lepailhin, who were married on the 20tli October, 1793. He married, June 1828, Delle. Helena Olive Turgeon, iiis cousin, wlio survived him till the 1st April 1SG3. The family of ]\L Turgeon is well known, seven are still living, viz. Corriiie,wifeof Dr. G.S. Lecli>re; H. R. Turgeon, merchant, who married Delle. Clara Chevalier; Dr. Ls. H. Turgeon, who married Delle, E. Mussen ; Helena, widow of the late Hon. C. J. Laberge ; — Rachel, who has entered as a niw of the Sacred Order of " Sacr<5-C(inir de father, an advocate of the well known legal firm in Montreal of DeBellefeuille & Turgeon, who married Delle. Julie Bertiielot, daughter of the Hon. Judge Bertiielot, and Oscar Turgeon. The Honorable Mr. Turgeon died on the 9tli November 185G. He was a Legislative Counsellor for many years, having been appointed by the Crown, sitting as the representative for Terri'boiiiie, He was educatet' at Montreal College, where he was dis- tinguished for his assiduity and perseverance ; and wentataii early age to the States, where liet ravelled especiii'-iy in the south, for a considt'rahlc period. Returning to Terrebonne he settled down as a country gentleman, and was chosen l)y the Crown as a lit representative for the county in tlie Legis- lative Halls of the Nation. He was a ni.-ni irreatly esteemed by the people. Quiet and gentlemanly, he secured their respect, niictol)er, 1851, when the llincks-Tache Administration was formed. On (lie 1 3tii August, 1853, he was ele- vated to the chief-justiceship of the Court of Queen's Bench of Lower Canathi, and on the 28th August, 1854, was created, for his eminent services, a baronet of tiie United Kingdom. Sir Louis has married twice, but liad no issue; first in 1^31, to Adele, only daugliter of A. Ber- thelnt, Esquire, advocate, and secondly in 1800, to a widow lady of Montreal. He died a few years ago. 94 MONTREAL— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. THOMAS D'ARCY McaEE- This eminent Canadian statesman, poet and orator, was born at Carlingford, County Louth, Ireland, on the I3th of April, 182-5. His father, Mr. James McGee, wa^ an officer in the Coast Guard Service, and his mother, Dorcas Catherine Morgan, was the accomplished daughter of a Dublin bookseller, who had been imprisoned and financially ruined by his participation in the con- spiracy of 179S, as a United Irislunan. Of this union, Thomas D'Arcy McGee was the fifth child and second son. Born and nurtured amid the grand and lovely scenery of the Rosstreoor coast, his early childhood fleeted by in a region of wild, romantic beauty, which impressed itself for ever on his heart and mind, and tended not a little, as we may well suppose, to foster, if not create, that poetic fancy which made the cliarm of his life, and infused itself into all lie wrote and all he said. Like most eminent men he owed much of his genius to a higiily intellectual and gifted mother. He was eight years old wlien the family removed to Wexford, in wliich ancient and iiis- toric city tiie years of liis youth and early man- hood passed. Soon after the'v arrival in Wexford, the McGee family sustained a lieavy loss in the death of the excellent and admirable wife and mother, wiiich left a deep and lasting wound in the heart of her favorite son, Thomas, wlio, to tlie last day of his life, fondly ciierished her memory. Mr. McGee's youth was spent in the ardent pursuit of knowledge, histor}' and poetry being his favorite studies, and in tliese he became, so to say, a master. Eloquence was a special gift bestowed upon him from his earliest years. He was little more than seventeen, when, after paying a visit to liis aunt in Providence, R. I., he arrived in Boston, just when the " Repeal movement" was at its height amongst the Irish population of that city. It was the 4tli of July, and Thomas D'Arcy McGee, boy though lie was, addressed the people tiiat day, and his precocious elo()uence surprised and delighted tlie multitudes who heard him. He was soon after offered, and accepted, a position on the stafl' of tlie Boston Pilot, and two years later becameeditor of tliatjoiu'ual. He very soon made sucli a reputation for liiniself as a journalist that his fame crossed the ocean, and he was invited by tlie proprietor of tlie Dublin Frccmmi's Journal, then, as now, one of the leading Irish papers, to become its editor. This offer, which he at once accepted, he justly considered a signal trimn[)h. So at twenty years of age, our poet-journalist took his place in the front rank of the Irish press. His connection with the Frcfmnn^s Journal, however, was not of long duration, and we next find him, with his friend Charles (Javin Dulfv, and two other talented young Irisimien, editingtiie newly started Dublin Nation, wliich soon became a |)ower in the country, and the mouth piece of tiie national party afterwards known as the young Irelanders. It was owing to his connection with this brilliant and powerful organ, and liis real or supposed parti- cipation in the abortive rebellion of 1843, that Mr. McGee became obnoxious to the British Government, and was forced to flee to America, in that memorable year, leaving his young wife to follow him when once he had prepared a home for her. He started, in 1S4S, or the year following, the Kctv York Nation, which pajier, from various untoward circumstances did not succeed, and Mr. McGee, being induced to remove to Boston, com- menced, in that city, the publication of the A>ne- rican Celt which he subscfjuently removed to New York and for some years published it tliere with marked success. It was during the publication of the Celt in Boston, that the maturing mind of its editor began gradually to recognise the senseless folly of the revolutionary doctrines to the dissemination and support of which he had hitherto bent all the energies of his powerful mind. The cant of faction, the tiery denunciations which, after all, amounted to nothing, and had only the ettect of unsettling mens' minds and leading many to ruin and destruc- tion, giving rise to a general spirit of insubordina- tion, he began to see in their true colors. It then became his aim to elevate tlie Irish people, not by impracticable schemes of rebellion, but by teaching them to make the best of their actual condition, to cultivate among them the arts of peace, and raise themselves by steady industrj' and increas- ing enlightenment to the level of more prospe- rous nations. Though as fondly as ever devoted to the land of his birth, he became more conser- vative in his views, and that because he had made a deeper and more study of the eternal principles which lie at the foundation of all human afliiirs, and of the relation between the governing and the governed. This change, this new direction given to his thoughts was sincerily owing to the further development of Mr. McGee's own reason- ing powers and the salutary influence of wise and learned Ciiristian friends. Yet it was unfortu- nately misrepresented, and excited much and bitter hostility among tiiat revolutionary party of which he had so long been a brilliant and able supporter. During the years that Mr. McGee was editing tiie Ameriran Celt in Boston and New York, and, 8ubse([uently, the Buffalo Snitinal in that border city, he delivered, in nearly all the principal towns and cities of the United States and the British Provinces, a prodigious number of lectures on all manner of subjects calculated to improve and elevate the people. He also organised, and took a leading part in the convention of one liundred delegates who met in Buffalo for the special pur- pose of promoting and increasing Irish emigration MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 95 to the Western States and Canada. A short time after this, Mr. MeGee was invited by a number of intluentifil Irish citizens of Montreal to make his home in that city, holding out to him the promise of a brilliant success, which promise the future more than justified. Soon after his arrival in Montreal, he commenced the publication of the Nctv Era, whicli journal, owing to his as yet imperfect knowledge of Canadian atlairs, was not a success, and was discontinued when Mr. McGee was elected by the Irish citizens of Montreal as one of the three members for that city. Such entire satisfaction did iiis conduct in the House of As- sembly give to iiis friends and constituents that a number of gentlemen subscribed a considerable sum of money and purchased a handsome residence in Montmorency Terrace, Ste. Catherine St., which they presented, ftirnished, to Mr. j\IcGee asa liome- stead for his family. Of the parliamentary career of Mr. McGee in Canada, space will not permit us to speak at length. Suffice it to say that it was successful beyond all anticipation, and won for him a lasting and honorable place amongst the statesmen of the country. His rare and captivat- ing eloquence, his consummate tact, iiis profound ability, made him, after a little time, the most brilliant, as well as the most jjopular member of the Legislature, tnumphing even over political hostility, and making friends of religious and political opponents. To his expansive mind and soaring genius was mainly due the Union of the Provinces as the New Dominion of Canada. During the government of Lord Monck, Mr. McGee was appointed President of the Executive Council, and acted, moreover, for a short time, as Provin- cial Secretarx' j)io tern. It was during the time of his holding tins double office tiiat lie wrote the concluding portion of his popular History of Ire- land, confessedly one of the best and most readable histories of that country that has yet appeared. The other books written by Mr. McGee at various periods of his life were " the Gallery of Irish Writers of the Seventeenth Century," " McMur- roch," " O'Connell and his Eriends," and " Irish Settlers in America." His " Canadian Ballads," were embodied in the general collection of his poems published in New York since his lamented death. Mr. McGee had been three times returned for Montreal West, twice by acclamation ; and was again elected by the same constituency as a member of the House of Conmions of the Dominion, in the first session of which, as in the fbnner House of Assembly, he won golden opinions from all, and had apparently a long and useful career before jjim, when, on leaving tiie Parliament Buildings, in Ottawa, on the morning of April 7th, ISGO, he was followed by an assassin who had been lying in wait for him, and sliot dead, at the door of his lodgings. Sad and pitiable close for such a life. It is not for us to say who were tlie instigators of so foul a crime, but a man named Whelan was arrested, tried for the murder in Ottawa, and paid with his worthless life the atrocious crime of wiiich lie was convicted, a crime which robbed the Dominion of its foremost statesman, and tlie Irish race of one of its most gifted sons. Tlie whole country was horrified by tlie news of Mr. McGee's most cruel deatli, and the public manifestations of sorrow were great and also universal. A public and most magnificent funeral was given to her murdered representative by tlie city of Montreal. All classes of tlie citizens vied with each other in shewing their respect and admiration tor tiie emi- nent man who, coming amongst them as a stranger only a few years before, had in that comiiaratively short time, gained tlie liearts of the peojile and entitled himself to the nation's gratitude. The name of Thomas D'Arcy McGee will go down to posterity as one of the men of whom the Domi- nion of Canada has reason to be proud. JOSEPH ALFRED MOUSSEAU, Q.C. The subject of this sketch was born at Berthier, July, 1838. He was the son of Louis Mousseau. His mother's name was Sophie Duteau de Grandpr(j. His grandfather v\-as Louis Mousseau, who sat in the Quebec Assembly as one of its members for several years. Mr. iloussoau was educated at the Berrhier Academy. He married Marie Louise Ilerselle, the eldest daughter of Leopold Desrosiers, Esq., notary, of Berthier, his mother being of the well known Bondy family. He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 18G0 and early showed great aptitute in his profession, wliich resulted in his being made Q.C. in 1873, a Queen's Counsellor, tliough still a young man. He is one of the partners of one of the most extensive legal firms in Canada, viz : — Mousseau, Ciiapleau and Chamjiagne. Mr. Mous- seau is well known as a political writer and for the periodical press. He was one of the founders of the La Colonizatcur newspaper in 1SG2, of the " VOpinion Puhlique in 1870. He is the author of a pamphlet in defence of Confederation against the attacks of the opposition 18GU, whicii was highly thought of when it appeared. He also wrote a bro- chure " Cardinal & Ditquet, vidlmes de 1837-38 " He was first returned to Parliament for his present seat, Bagot County, at the last general election. Mr. Mousseau isa Conservative in politics and his wish and vote will always be " to have British North America erected into a grand empire under the auspices and with the Institutions of the Mother country." Every lover of the Dominion of Canada will endorse these sentiments of Mr. Mousseau. 96 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, HON. JOSEPH MASSON. The subject of this sketch was born in St. Eus- tache, 1791. His father was a farmer of that place. After receiving his education there and remaining for a short time in St. Eustache, Mr. Masson came to Montreal and in 1814 entered into partnership with W. & H. Robertson, of Glasgow, Scotland, under the title of Robertson, Masson & Co., in Montreal, and W. & H. Robertson in Glasgow. This partnership continued till 1820, and on the death of Mr. W. Robertson, Mr. Masson entered into partnership with F. A. Larocque and Struther Strang. They opened a new house in Quebec under the name of Masson, Larocque, Strang & Co., which continued till 1832 when the two latter gentlemen retired from the firm, when it was con- tinued by H. Robertson, the Honorable Joseph Masson, John Strang and Charles Langevin. This fima continued to 1846 when the firm in Montreal was styled Joseph Masson, Sons & Co., in Quebec, Masson, Langevin & Co., in Glasgow, Masson^ Sons & Co., which continued till the death of the founder of the firm, Hon. Joseph Masson in 1847. After his death Wilfred A. R. Masson formed a partnership with J. B. Bruyere and Henry Hannaj' which firm still exists in the name of Thibaudeau, Gdn^reux & Co. The Hon Mr. Masson married, April, ISIS, Dame M. G. Sophie Raymond, daughter of the late J. B. Raymond of Laprairie, who is still living at Terre- bonne, and who will be ever remembered by her munificent and generous gift to the education of the County, in the building and endowing of Masson College, Terrebonne, one of the finest educational establishments in Lower Canada, but which was unfortunately destroyed by fire not long ago, but is again to be rebuilt. He left several sons and daughters, Mary and Sopliie are both married and reside with their husbands in France, AVilfred, who succeded in the business, but who died in London, England, and is buried there, — the Hon. Edward Masson, late member of the Legislative Council for Milles Isles County before Confederation, a county which no more exists, being now absorbed in the neighboring counties, and John, Henry and Louis. His vast estates are managed by the executors under the able superintendence of Mr. Moncel and the name of " Succession Masson," in St. James street, Montreal, is familiar to all. Tie Hon. gentleman died on the loth of May 1847, and was buried in the beautiful Church of Terrebonne, the Seigniory of which name he had purchased 31st December, 1342. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 97 Jean Baptiste Meilleur is indeed one of the literati of Canada, and a gentleman of raanv attain- ments, to whose efforts we owe niiieli of tlie pre- sent admirable system of education in this pro- vince. He was born at St. Lanrent, in th(! Island of Montreal in 179G, he was educated in the College of Montreal, was admitted to medicine in 1S2-5 and returned to Parliament in 1S:34. He was the first Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada. At the request of Lord Durham, with the assis- tance of the Abb6 Duchaine, he conducted a polemi- cal contest on the subject of electricity, and was engaged giving lectures on the foundation of the society of natural history, when he was appointed superintendent of public instruction by (Sir Charles Bagot, with the promise of that governor J. B. MEILLEUR, M.D., L.L.D. that tlie situation should not be made a political one. He made two trips round Lower Canada, to obtain information as to its extension, but failed. During the fifteen years and upwards that he oc- cupied this elevated station, he contributed from the "funds of the department to the foimlation of forty-five superior educational establishments. Some years since he vacated that situation for the postmastership of Montreal, an office from which he retired some time ago. Dr. Meilleur is a member of several learned American and Canadian Institutions. He resides now in Quebec* • His priicipal works are " A Treatise on the French," 1823; " New English Grammiir," 1854, and'" Traitu sur Tart expistolaire," 1853. ROBERT MILLER. Was born in the City of Cork, Ireland, March, J 81 9. He is the youngest son of the late Adam Miller and Theodora Lovell. The family emigrated to Canada in the year 1S20 when the subject of this sketch was still an infant. The family s"ttled in St. .Johns, Province of Quebec, where his father occupied the position of teacher of the GovernmiMit School until the time of his death, which took place in the year 1826. He removed to Montreal in the year 1833, and after serving an apprenticesb.ip with the late Arie' Bowman and the late Campbell Bryson, book- sellers, St. Francois Xavier street, commenced business on his own account in 1841. He subse- quently formed a partnership with his brother Adam, and tiie business was for years carried on under the firm of 11. & A. ^lillor in St. Francois Xavier Street, Montreal, and King Street, Toronto. Having obtained permission from the Commis- sioners of National Education in Ireland, they re- published the Irish National series of School Books which were authorized by the Upper Canada Sciiool Coiumissioners, and were for a number of years the sorFes in general use thronghont Canada. On a dissolution of the partuership in 1863, A. Miller who had charge of tiie house in Toronto, remained there, assuming the business on his own account, and R. Miller retained the business of the Montreal house. About six years ago he removed to those extensive premises, now occupied by him, 397 Notre Dame street, where he is still carrying on an exten- sive business in a.11 kinds of plain and fancy station- ery, school books, paper hangings, bookbinding and hlankbook muuifacturing. He is agent for Messrs. Wylie & Lochhead, paper hangi ng man ufacturers of Glasgow, Scotland, and President and Managing Directorof tiie Danville School Slate Company. For some years Mr. Miller took an active part in the Yoimg Men's Christian Association of this city, and was one of its Vice-Presidents. He has also been a member of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society since its formation, and was in 1871 and 1872 its President, and for a great many years has been an active member of the Methodist Church. ALEXANDER McAULEY MURPHY. The subject of this short sketch was bora in Carrickfergus, Ireland, on tlie 26th May, 1791 ; consequently, Mr. Murphy is just 84 years of age, aud rarely do we see an old gentleman in the possession of all his faculties .to such a degree as lie has. Two years before he came to Canada, in 1S17, he married Jane Allen, who shared all the trials of a new country with her husband, and was spared to him until a few years ago, when she died in a good ripe old age. He arrived in Canada in 1819, and has been for the long period of S-l, years a citizen of Mon- tioal. Coining from the great linen districts of Ireland. Mr. Murphy's store was always a great I'jiidezvous for all kinds of Irisli linen, &c. He com- menced business in 1 S 19, the year of his arrival, in Notre Dame Street, and retired in ISGO. The busi- ness was carried on in the same store where ilr. Murphy had been so long and well known by his two sons, Alexander — uowofCheapside — and John, under tlie title of IMurphy Brothers. After some years they dissolved, and have now both extensive establishiiuMits near the spot where for over 50 years their father carried on his business. Of his daughters, one married George Childs, Merchant, Montreal, and who is now a City Alderman. Another married Dr. Bowlby of Berlin, Ontario, another one married H. F. J. Jackson, of Berlin, aud the fourth lives with her father. Long [)ast the age generally allotted to man, old Mr. Murphy j'et does all his own banking, &c., and is a fine example of a well- spent life, both morally and physically. 98 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. PETER MUNRO, M.D., AND THE MEDICAL SCHOOL. Peter Munro, son of Dr. Henry Munro, of Montreal, and grandson of the Honorable John Munroe, U. E. Loyalist, of the ancient house of Fowlis, County of Rosshire, Scotland, was born at Montreal, 14th September, 1811. He studieil un- der the celebrated Doctor Robert Nelson, was licensed 23rd April, 1S34, and appointed pliysi- cian to the Hotel Dicu Hospital, 7th September, 1838. He was one of the founders of tlie School of Medicine and Surgery, now called the Univer- sity of Victoria, also of the Montreal Dispensary, with the following medical confreres, viz., Drs. Arnoldi, Badgeley Sutherland, and Horace Nelson. Doctor Munro sur\ave8 them all, and is now Professor of Surgery, since 1843, in Victoria Medical School, and also of Clinical Surgery at tlie Hotel Dieu Hospital. He is also President of the School of Medicine in connection with the University of Victoria. His father. Dr. Heniy Munro, of Montreal, was licensed 17th Ai)ril, 179-5, and served the North- West Co., and tlie Hotel Dieu for several years. Dr. Selby preceded him in tiie Hotel Dieu, and Drs. Beaubien and Nelson succeeded Dr. Munro in 1 829. His brother professors have photographed the Medical School and placed it here instead of the old Doctor's photo. JOHN WILLIAM MOUNT, M.D., CM., Surgeon in Was born in Mascouche, (St. Henry), County of L'Assomption, the 4th of August, 1829. His father was of English nationality, his mother French Canadian. He is grandson of the late Philip Mount, Esq., M.D., Staff the English Army. He studied seven years in the Ste. Th^rfise de Blainville and L'Assom}, he left his native country for Mon- treal, and opened an Academy. After some years, as the population, Ac, moved westward, he also removed to ]Mc(iill College Avenue for a .short time; in the nieantime constructing a building, both for a dwelling-house and school, in Victoria Street, where he lias one of the best Academies in Montreal. Mr. Nichols is one of the most suc- cessful teachers in the city. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 99 HON. W.LLIAM MORRIS. Was born at Paisley, on the 31st October, 17S6. On arriving at Montreal, Mr. Morns' father deter- niiiied to remain in the city. He then engaged in shipping. Mr. Morris was occupied in the quiet pursuit of his calling when a ship owned by him, riclily laden, was los", in tlie Straits of Belle Isle. The consequence was that he was ruined and left Montreal to settle on a farm near Brockville. In 1S09 he died. The Hon. William Morris eleven years afterwards and Mr. Alexander Morris, volun- tarily paid all the debts of tlieir father, and received from the creditors as a mark of regard two hand- some pieces of plate. In IS 12, when war with the United States was declared, Mr. Morris left his business to serve his country. Having received his commission of Ensign from General Brock, he joined tiie militia flank companies. In October he volunteered witii a British force under Lieut. Col. Lethhridge in tiie attack on Ogdensburg. After the close of tlie war, ISlC, he proceeded with the military settlers to the lands allotted to them, near the Rideau, and began business in Perth. About JS20, he was elected to the Provincial Parliament. Not long after lie initiated the discussion of tliat great Clergy Reserve question, wliich, for good or evil, is inseparably associated with his name. In the year 1820, he moved and carried an address to the King, asserting theclaim of the Church of Scotland to a share of the Clergy Reserves. In 1835 he was elected for the 6th time for Lanark. In ] S3(}, he was called to the Leg. Council. In 1837 there was a gathering in Cobourg of members of the Scotch Church from all parts of Canada. The object was to take counsel, to address the Throne, and, claim with their fellow- subjects of English origin a fair share of the lands set apart for the maintenance of a Protestant clergy. Mr. Morris and Dr. Mathiesu i, of Montreal, were appointed to be the bearer of petitions to the Queen and Parliament, setting forth the grievances of the Scottisli race in Canada. Mr. Morris' con- duct was so satisfactory, that his countrymen pre- sented him with a handsome piece of plate. In 1837-S he exerted great influence in organiz- ing tlie militia of his county. In 1841 he was appointed Warden of the District of Johnstown. At the union of the Provinces, he was called to the Leg. Council of Canada; Sept., 1844, he was invited to accept the ofiice of Receiver-General, and a seat in the Ex. Council. This office he continued to fill till May, 1847, when he succeeded to tiie Presidency, whicli he held until the resig- nation of the Government in March, 1848. From Oct., 1844, to .Juuo, 184(5, he was also a member of the Board of Works. He died on the 29th June, 1858, in the 72nd year of his age. Is the eldest son of the late Hon. Win. Jlorris, born at Perth, Ont., on the ]7tli March, 1827. Educated in McGill, and Glasgow, Scotland. Called to the Bar in 18-51 for both the Canadas. In 18G1 he was returned for South Lanark. In 1SG7 again returned by acclamation, and in Nov., 18G9, accept- ed office as Minister of Inland Revenue. Mr. Morris was a most active member in the House. For several years he occupied the position of Chairman of the Private Bills Committee. To him is due tlie intro- duction into Parliament of a most humane and Christian bill, " Theabohtion of Pubhc Executions." One of the great aims of Mr. Morris' political career was the confederation of all the British Provinces in into one grand Dominion. In 18-58 he delivered a lecture in the Mercantile Library, Montreal, called " Nova Britannia ;" there he advocated his favorite theory. Next year he published another lecture on the Hudson Bay, etc., in which similar views are expressed. His crowning laurels were the gaining of the 2nd prize of the Paris Exliibition Committee in 1865, a well written and digested work on Canada. During the political excitement of 1 804, Jlr. i\Iorris played a most iniponant part, and througli him alone was brought about the peaceful negotiation of Sir John A.McDoiiahl with Hon. George Brown,which HON. ALEXANDER MORRIS. resulted in the Confederation of the Provinces, With an untarnished reputation, receiving an unsullied name from his father, and keeping it spot- less in both private and public life, Mr. Jloriis might well be chosen to fill the high and respon- sible situation he now holds. Taking office as Go- V(!rnor of .Manitoba at a time when ailairs were in a very troubled and chaotic state, Mr. Morris at once set himself to the task of bringing order out of confusion, and welding together the difl'erent conflicting elements. By his concilia- tory and statesmanlike bearing, he at once became extremely popular with all classes, and haa con- tinued to remain so. In successfully making two treaties with the Indians and Metis, and settling their claims, he displayed (pialities of the iiighest kind, dealing with the claimants with wonderful fact, patience and skill. Without doubt through these treaties the country has been saved from bloodshed and the expeniliture of a vast amount of money. Long may he rule the destinies of Manitoba. His younger brother, Mr. John L. Morris,is a weU known advocate of Montreal, having been admitted to practice in 18-5!t, and hehl ever since important positions, both in the bar and the Scottish Church. 100 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WOLTRED NELSON, M.D. This well-known gentleman was born in Jlont- real on the 10th July, 1792. His fatlier was Mr. William Nelson, son of a victualling officer in the royal navy, as the commissariat of that department was then temied. His motlier was a daughter of Mr. G. Dies, of Hudson River, State of New York. Being an anthusiastic loyalist, he lost all he pos- sessed, and took refuge in Canada, where, he ter- minated a long and respected life. At the early age of less than fourteen years, Wolfred Nelson was apprenticed to Dr. Carter, of the army medical staff, at Sorel, December, 180-5. There being few medical men in Canada at that period, he was soon forced into practice, and had the drudgery of a small military hospital confided to him. In January, ISJl, lie was duly licensed, and established himself at St. Denis, on the Riche- lieu river, and soon enjoyed a flourishing practice. When war was declared in 1S12, he volunteered his services, requesting at the same time to be the right hand man of his regiment of militia ; he was, however, forced to take the surgeoncy, as uiedical men were " few and far between." In 1827 he was solicited to contest the repre- sentation of tiie " Royal Borough of William Henry," against Mr. James Stuart, the attorney- general ; and although great influence was used against him, he was eiecred by a majority of two, after seven days of tiie hardest election contest ever experienced in Canada. The attorney-gene- ral, instituted actions of so liarassing a nature, that tlie House of Assembly was petitioned ; this resulted in Mr. Stuart's suspension from office. But he assumefl such a fierce and determined atti- tude towards tiie tlien governor, Lord Ayimer, that it led to his being (k'prived of liis liigh office. The part tiiat the Doctor took in the troubles of '37 are sufficiently well known not to be here repro- duced, suffice it to say tliat two tliousaiid dollars had been oll'ered for his arrest. He Was conveyed to Montreal, and confined for seven montiis in tlie gaol. At the end of that time, iiaving previous- ly received his sentence, wliicli was baiiislimeiit for life, he was, with other persons connected uitii the rebellion, taken to (Quebec, and placed on board one of Her Majesty's vessels, in order to lie taken to the West Indies. \\hn\ in the West Indies, the exiles '-eceived the proceedings wiiicii had taken place in the House of Lords declaring their transportation illegal ; they were allowed to depart, inid readied tiie United States, 1st November, 1^38. In the l.'nited States tiie Dr. remained until August, L^'l^, when he returned to his native city, with a wife and large famiiy, to l)egin the world anew, having lost all his fine [(roperty by fire. He had ilet jdy atoned for tlie past ; and, by his services in [ueserviiig human life during the time when lever and cliolera were raging, and when grim death was stalking and carrj-ing ofi' numberless victims, he endeared himself t( a great many, and became entitled to the grateful remembrance of the people of the country. In 1845, Doctor Nelson was triumphantly elected for the county of Richelieu, in opposition to the great Hon. D. B. Viger. He represented that county for two parliaments, and was a member of the House wlien the celebrated Rebellion Losses BiU was discussed and passed. AVIien tlie hard names of traitor and rebel were hurled against him, the old man rose in his place, and in a determined manner, claimed to be lieard : " Those who call me and my friends rebels," said he, " I tell them they lie in tlieir throats ; and here and everywhere else, I hold myself responsible for the assertion. But, Mr. Speaker, if to love my country (piite as much as myself, if to be ardently attached to the British crown and our glorious sovereign is to be guilty of high-treason, then I am a rebel indeed. But I tell those gentlemen to their teeth, that it is they, and such as they, who cause revolutions, who pull down thrones, tramjile crowns into the dust and annihilate dynasties. It is their vile acts that madden people, and drive them to desperation. As for my own great losses, wantonly inflicted as they were, I cheerfully make no claim for them ; but I call on you to pay tliose'whose property you destroyed in my hands ; and I am happy, for I feel that with the protection of an Almighty Provi- dence, I may yet honorably, by my own exertions, accpiit my dues, advanced as I am in years. But tliere are hundreds of others with less encouraging prospects befVu'e tlieni, whose only crime was, reposing confidence in the man they loved and trusted ; pay these uniiappy men, I ask no more." Doctor Nelson refused re-election, and devoted himself with his wonted energy to his profession, in the line of which the iiisjtection of prisons clear- ly ran. He was made inspector of prisons in 18-51, and so continued until December, 1850, when he was ajipointed chairman of the board of prison inspectors for tlu^ two provinces. He was also a justice of the peace and conimissioner for the trial of small causes — offices which he threw up in is:!7. He was repeate City of Montreal. His reports oil ]irisoiis, i^c. are well written and contain much _ valuable information. ii^^.^.: MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPIIICiVL SKETCHES. 101 ROBERT NELSON, M.D., "Was born Jaimiuy, 1794, aiifl at an early age was apprenticed to tlie late celebrated Doctor Arnold!, of Montreal. While yet in his youth he was appointed surgeon to a regiment called the " In- dian WaiTiors," and serv^ed during the war of 1S12. He was one of the most distinguished and cele- brated doctors of the day. It is told that on one occasion an influential patient of his who had a ball lodged in his thigh for a considerable time, and which Dr. Nelson was unable to extract, went to England to consult some of the medical celebrities there. These, on ascertaining who had attended him in Canada, said," if Dr. Nelson is unable to do anytliing for you, we are perfectly sure we can do nothing." Tiie gentleman returned and died with- out the ball having been extracted. Having been prominently nuxed up with the politics of tlie day, after a warm contest, tlie Doctor was elected in 1S27, conjointlj- with M. Papineau, to represent the City of Montreal in Parliament. He soon. however, withdrew from that position to devote his time solely to his profession, which he loved beyond all other things. He did not take an active part in 1837; but he was aiTested and cast into prison. After a time he was admitted to bail. In 1838, the most eventful period of his career, he played a conspicuous part in the ailiiirs of the country. Being induced by a number of dissatis- fied persons of Canada, as well as some '' sym- patliizers " from the States, to take uj) arms against his country, he entered madly as chief into the chimerical scheme of invading Canada, which proved abortive to those engaged in it. His pro- perty was sold at a great sacrifice. He himself, a fugitive from justice, went to California, where he amassed a considerable fortune. He died at Ins country seat on Staten Islaixl, N. Y., in Marcii, 1873, .iged 84, leaving a large fortmie to his son and successor. Dr. Eugene Nelson, of New York. HORACE NELSON, M.D. Eldest son of the late Dr. Wolfrcd Nelson. A graduate of the Univensiry of New York and McGill College. He was about to pro- ceed to Europe, in 1837, tocoui])lete his medical studies, wlien the rebellion of that period pre- vented his doing so, when he went to New York and became an office student of tlie late celebrated Dr. Valentine ^[ott. He was admitted to practice in 1843, and resided in Plattsl)urgh,Xew York, for a number of years, returning to Moutreal in ilay, 18-58, where he practiced with his father and brother. He died in December, 18(53. At various times he held the following apjiointments : Pro- fessor of Theory and Practice of Medicine and Pathology, in the Medical Department of tlie Uni- versity of Vermont ; Fellow of the Pathological Societ}', Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology in the School of ^Eedicine and Surgery and in Descrip- tive and Surgical Anatomy, in the St. Lawrence School of Medicine, ^Montreal, and was Editor of Nelson's America i Lrincct, an ably conducted journal on Medical science. Surgery was a branch of his profession to which he was devotedly at- tached, and in which he had great success. ALFRED NELSON, M.D. Was a Licentate of the College of Physicaiis and Surgeons of Lower Canada, and was admitted to practice in 1849. He was tlie second son of the late Dr. Wolfred Nelson, and was for many years Stair Surgeon of Volunteers. He succ(>eded his father and brother in their practice, and died on the 0th of February, 1S72. WOLFRED NELSON, M.D. Eldest son of the late Dr. Horace Nelson. A graduate of the Jledical Faculties of Bishop's College, Montreal, and of McGill. Was admitted to practice and licensed by the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons of Lower Canada in May, 1872. After a visit to the London Hospital, he returned to Montreal, where he has since practiced very successfully, and is a young surgeon of much promise. On the staff of the Medical Faculty of Bishop's College, ho holds the appoiutuieut of Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Curator of the iluseum. 102 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. aEDEON OUIMET, Q.C. The subject of this sketch was born at Ste. Rose, on the 3rd June, 1823. His father was Mr. Jean Ouimet, of that place. He was educated at the College of St. Hyaciuthe, and also at that of Mon- treal. After a thorough course of training and study of Law he was admitted to the Bar of Lower Canada, in August, 1S44, consequently the Hon. gentleman is one of tlie oldest practitioners in the District of Montreal, only nine names now bearing prior commission to his. He is now the only practising Attorney on the list of tlie Montreal Bar who was admitted in 1844. He practiced for some years at Vaudreuil, and was the Mayor of that village. He sat for Beau- hamois in the Canadian Assembly from tlie year 1S5S until the general elections of 1S61, when he was defeated. In the year 1SG7 (July) he was appointed a member of the Executive Council, and held the high position of Attorney-General f/) -; that date till 27th February, 1S73, when the C .' r'- veau Ministry having resigned, the onerous, res- ponsible and important duty devolved on him of forming a new Ministry and Administration, in which he took tlie positions of Provincial Secretary and Registrar, also that of Minister of Public In- struction. He was returned for his present seat by acclamation at the general elections of 1SG7, and re-elected at the last general elections for the same constituency. He was tiie President of the '^St.Jcan Baptiste Societe" in 1870 and again in 1S71, also at one time the President of tlie Inslitut Canadicn Fmncais, andlvds been the Batonierof the Bar of the Province of Quebec. The Hon. gentleman is the author of the Municipal Code of the Province, and also of the Law on District Magistrates. He has carried whilst in Parliament important amend- ments on the qualification of Jurors in criminal cases, and in tiie Code of Civil Procedure. The Ministry of which the Hon. gentleman was Pre- mier went out of office last year, and was suc- ceeded by the De Boucherville Cabinet. Mr. Ouimet has always been a Conservative. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 103 JOSEPH ALDERIC OUIMET, L.L.B. & M.P. The family of this gentleman is one of the oldest and best known in the District of Montreal. He is the son of Michel Ouimet, J. P., and was born at Ste. Rose, on the 20th May, 1848. He was educated at the Seminary of St. Therese de Blain- ville, where he distinguished himself by the assiduity and success which he showed in his studies. It is rather remarkable, and speaks well both for college and graduate, that as one of the oldest French Canadian families of Montreal he graduated in 1869 as L.L.B. at Victoria College, Cobourg, Ontario, a college in connection with the WesleyanMethodists- He was called to the Bar of Lower Canada or Prov- ince of Quebec in 1870. The extensive law firm of which he is the liead is well and favorably known in Montreal. He is a member of the Board of Roman Catholic School Commissioners in Montreal. He was first returned to Parliament for his present seat on the resiirnation of the sitting member in the month of November, 1873, and had the honor of being re-elected by acclamation at the general elec- tion. He may be considered a Liberal Conser\'ative, being first returned as an independent supporter of the Sir John A. McDonald Government. He is in favor of " British Connection" and the carrying out of the scheme of confederation in its entirety- He is an active supporterof the protective tariff and the speedy construction of the Pacific Railway, by which the internal parts of the great tracts of land of the Dominion may be brought in connection witli the seaboard. He is also favorable as a pa- triotic man to the futlier development of the inter- nal resources of Canada and the improvements of her rivers, railways, and canals. We have pleasure in inserting this short .sketch of Mr. Ouimet's career as an incentive to other young men to persevere and strike out an honored position for themselves in this new but rapidly growing country. JOSEPH ALPHONSE OUIMET. Born at St. Eustache, county of Two Mountains, 17th November, lS4-'">. His father was Louis Ouimet of tiie same place. He received his education in the College of St. Mary's, Jesuits, and in the Montreal College. Pursued his legal studies, 1st, with R. and G. Laflamme ; 2nd, with D. Girouard, and 3rd, with Sen^cal «& Ryan. Admitted to the Bar of Lower Canada in March, 1868. Since then has been in partnership with the member for Laval Federal Government, the firm being well known under the name of Ouimet & Ouimet. Before Mr. Ouimet's entrance, the firm was known by the name of Belanger, Desnoyers & Ouimet. The first named having been appointed Judge of the Superior Court for the District of Beau- harnois and Mr. Desnoyers having retired, the firm became what it is now styled. Mr. Ouimet has entirely devoted himself to the duties of liis profession, and has neither interfered with pohtics, or city management, hence the posi- tion he has already attained. j\Ir. Ouimet married in 1868 Miss E. Poirier, daughter of the late V. Poirier, merchant of this city. 104 MOXTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICxVL SKETCHES. TJSEPH PAPINEAU AND THE HON. L. J. PAPINEAU. The subject of sketch muy well be called " The O'Connell o. ,ower Canada." His political career, generally, was conteniporancous with the greatest Irish liberators. He played perhaps the most important part in tlie iiistory of Lower Can- ada, dnrina; his long career. Thus nearly 00 years ago he held a high and important position, and as Speaker could with the oratory of his tongue sway the House before him. No man of any nationality was as eloquent as he — iiis genius and oratory were unsurpassed, and tiie name of Louis .Joseph Papineau will ever remain in Canadian Parlia- mentary History as the " Demosthenes of Can- ada." Mr. Papineau was born in Montreal, 7th October, 17S0. His father, the well known Notary of his day and a very distinguished man, whose portrait is side by side with that of his remarkable son and grandson, on the opposite page, was called Joseph Papineau. Joseph Papineau was one of tlie principal pro- moters of the Constitution of 1701, and was elected to the first Parliament that Canada enjoyed after tiie ^Military and Arbitrary Governments that followed tlie Conquest, and remained with Bedard the leader for many years in the Lesris- lative Assembly of Quebec, wherein he displayed much tact and ability, groat eloqin-nce, and more than any thing else, an unfaltering attachment to the Crown, as well as to tiie liberties of Par- iament and of the country. He retired from the Leadership of the Liberal Party in Parliament when his illustrious son replaced him there. In tlie sum- mer of 1S3S, they met for the last time at Saratoga, to bid each other a final adieu. The son starting for France, the father returning heart broken to their native land, whci-ehedied July Sth, 1S41, aged 90. Tiie Hon. Mr. Papineau was educated chiefly at the Seminary of Qu(!bec, and having studied the course of Law prescribed was admitted to the Bar of Lower Canada, in 181L So brilliant were his prospects and his talents even before this that in 1809, and when still a student, he was elected to the Asseml)ly for the County of Kent, now Chamblv, and in lSl-5 the high lioiior was given liim of being appointed Speaker. This office Mr. Papi- neau held with only two years' intermission dur- ing his mission to England as delegate of the Assembly in 1322-23 — ior the long period of 20 years, or until the year 1837, the year of the un- fortunate troubles, when he threw himself heartily into what he considered the right and lawful course of action to gain tliat wliich the present gene- ration enjoys, througii his and his confreres endea- vors then, Kesponsilile Government and all tlie lilierties of the British Constitution which had so long been denied in practice. In 1820, when Lord Dalhousie became Governor, he appointed ilr. Papineau to a seat in the Executive Council, but this post was soon declined by hiin, when he found it a vain honor without tiie influence this Council should iiave liad on tiie detenni nations of the Gov- ernor. In 1822, the Union of Upper and Lower Can- ai la having been upon the ^y)/.•9, and the subject being distasteful to many, Messrs. Pa]iineau and John NeU- son went to England, and were successful in getting tlie Union post[)i)ned for the next two years. In 1827 unfortunate difficulties arose between the Governor and Mr. Papineau, and to such a height did they reacli that thi; former refused to acknow- ledge -Mr. Papineau as Speaker though duly elected to that high office by a large majority of the Assembly. The Assembly triumphed, and Lord Dalhousie had to resign his office as Governor, after having in a pet dissolved the Assembly. He was succeeded by Sir James Kempt, who, after the next elections, duly accepted Mr. Papineau as the Speaker again apj)ointed, and giving him perhaps one of the greatest triumphs ever achieved by any person in the political arena of any country. Poli- tical troubles grew worse as years rolled on, and in 1836 they culminated in the events of that and the next two years, wliicli for the time threw Canada into a state of t"rmoil n-nd anxiety, now happily all passed away, leaving only the fruits so bravely and indomitably sought for, constitutional govern- ment and unbii'.sed representation. The so-called le&dersof the disturbances having had rewards of a)i;;: '■ ica placed on their heads, Mr. Fapinrau j: ' ^o t'^e United States, where lie resided cO 1839. He then removed toT^uii's, t re he lived till 1S17, when tlic issu< < i nescy proclamation enabled him to return nve land. His aged father had passed ;;■._ .n-.n his son was in exile in 1810, and raan^ o: the old familiar faces iiad, too, gone, to that " country from whose ! bourne, no traveller returns. ' But Mr. Papineau, ever energetic and possessed of an indomitable courage, again entered Parlia- mtuit, and was continued there until 18-51. Ar this period, however, for various reasons he retireil into private life, and I'or tlie next seventeen years enjoyed the calm of a gremi and sturdy old age, tin- love of books and horticulture, and the persoiinl esteem of those who best knew liis character. Hi» death took place on Saturday, the 23rd September, 1871, at his residence at Monte-Bello, and at tliej patriarchal age of 85. I His son, Louis Joseph Amedee Papineau, Esi|.. is the present Joint-Protlionotary of Montre:i'. and a man highly respected for his sterling (|1m- lities, partaking much of the disposition and eiu'i;." of iiis father, and the urbanity of his aged graii'i- father. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. lOi SIMEON PAGNUELO. Wns born on the ■''Ah January, 1840, in Lajirairie. His father was from Seville, Spain, iiaving come to thi-s country in 1S12 with the DeMeuron regiment. His mother was of French Acadian descent. He grail iiated at the St. Sulpician Montreal College, in 18.')8. After a complete course of studies he entered at once the law oflice of Messrs. R. it G. Laflanime, and was admitted to the Baron the 7th October, 18G1. After four years practice in Napier- ville, he returned to Montreal, where he has since practised law, first in partnership with S. B. Kaglc, then with Edmund Barnard : he now practices alone. He has been on the law hoard of examiners for several j-ears. Being retained as counsel by the R. C. Bishop of Montreal, in the ditferent contestations which arose in the civil and ecclesiastical courts regarding the livision of the City and suburbs of l''outreal ill different parishes, he was induced to make special study of the civil status of the Roman Catholic church in Canada. He published in 1872 a book entitled : " Etudes histonqiics ct legates mr la Liherte Rclit/icuse rn Canada." The first part of this book contains a digest on the change in the civil status of the R. C. Cimrch in Canada, arising out of the conquest of the country from the Frendi by the English, and from the capitulation and treaty of cession ; it includes ako a complete review of the English international law, and of the imperial and provincial stat\>tes, as well as a history of all the fitcts bearing on the reliitions between the state and the Church of England, the dissen- ters, the Jews, and the R. C. Church in Canada. His conclusions are in favor of the complete liberty of all Christian denominations, and of their e(|uality before tho!('(m (.'asault, of Quebec, one of tiie Justices of Her Majesty's Superior Court ; Joiin Henry I'angman, ' m 8th August, ISl.'j, and married UHli Sep- ber, 18(17, Miss Hertha E. Puci;anaii ; Marie Louise Pangmau; Jolm raiigmau, born 7th Sep- tember, 1847, Ciiarles p]dward Pangman, born 15tii, Noveuilicr, 1K4!>. On the 3rd Sepfeml)er, 1S.')7, he married Miss Georgiaiia Robert sou, daughter of the late Dr. Robertson of Montreal, by whom he has one son. He died /ith January, 18G7, his second wife surviving him. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 107 JEAN BAPTISTE HOMIER Was born at Montreal in tiie year ISOo. By assiduity and strict attention to business he am.iss- ed a large fortune. He sat for the long period ot fif- teen years as a member of the City Council, repre- senting St. Louis Ward. He married, in 1 S25 Delle. Lareau, and had thri'e cliildreii, two of them daiigli- ters, one of whom was mairied to the late M. Joseph Papin, and after his death a second time married to the \vt!ll iuillaiilo. Cetait d'ailieurs une ^jjoque d'offerves- conce d6niocrati(iuc ; lo souffle cpii atnlait les (i-Oiies en Kuropo etait arrive jus(pri nos rivages. La lutte constitutiomiello lie sutHsait jjIus i ces esprils ardents, il lallaitdes ruf'urnies ]>lus radicales, des mesuresplus 6iiorgiquos. L'Avenir avail conimeiie^ a se fairc IV'cho do cos nouvoUos aspirations, de ees iilocs vagues do libortiJ qui lloltaieul dans I'air. Le Pays parul pour donuer un corps plus Bolide it ees idees. une direction plus sage ot j)lus pratique ii ce niouvenient. Papiu fut I'un des apOlros les jilus ardents de totte revolution dans notro mondo politi(iue ot social ; il on fut ]ieut-etro I'fime, le ]«)rte-\us beuu language. Mais leur succes reveillei'ont les craintes et les alarmes quo les im])rudences, les exagerations de VAvenir avaient dijja jetees dans I'esprll du clerge ot de la jMq)ulalion, et que leiire adversaires suront exploiter. Ha mon- trorent plus do francliiso quo d'habilote, plus de talent (jue de tacticpio. lis eurenl le tort do no pas coni- prendro lour temps, do meconnaitre la force des traditions roligieuses du BasCanada. Ce fut un nialheur pour eux et ])our lo pavs. Papiu, le plus hanli de tons, nocraignit ]>as dedonner, sur la question des dcoles nnxtos, un vote reprouvo par la conscieriee de tous les catlioliques do ce pays. II n'en fallait pas plus jK>ur tuer un liomme ot memo un parti. Papin. defait aux elections do 1857, so remit a la |)rati(pie do ea ])rofession et devint bier-.tot avocatde la Corporation position lucrative et honorable, qui devait lui per- uiettre de retablir I'ordre dans ses atVaires, et de reparaiiro bientot sur la scene ])oliti(iuo. L'agc, I'otudo ot la reflexion en eussont fait I'un des premier honime d'Ktats et I'orateur le plus ])opulairo du Bas (.'."inada. O'etnit ce quo disait, le 26 fovrier 1802 une fiiido nombreuse reuide autour de sa tombo dans le cimotiorodu village do L'Assomptiou. 108 MONTREAL,— BiOGRAPIIICAL SKETCHES. FREDERICK WALTER LONG PENTON. The subject of this sketch was bom in Calais, France, 1S2G. His father was Henry Penton of Peiitonville, London, England, and liis niotlier, a daugliter of Mr. Cordier de la Honsic. The family left England after their return from France and came to Canada in the summer of 1832 to Sorel. Mr. Penton was educated in the Island of Jersey (one of the Channel Islands) and on his arrival in this country commenced farming. In 1 SG2 he came to Montreal and was appointed superintendent of the City Passenger Railway wliich post he resigned in lSG-5upon his appoint- ment as chief of tiie Police force of tlie City, on the resignation of last chief Wni. Lamothe, which situation he has held ever since Tiie remarks relative to the Force are taken from " Hochelega Depicta " A.D., 1838. THE POLICE FORCE. " This force was organized in consequence of an ordinance issued during the administration of the Earl of Durham, on tiio 2Sth June, 1S:JS. It consists of 102 privates, four mounted patroles, six Serjeants, and six cor[)orals, under tlie com- mand of four ollicers, viz., Capt. Alexander Comeau and Lieut. AVortli, for division A., and Capt. 'William Brown and Lieut- William Suter, for division IJ. Tiie superintendent is Mr. P. Lecli5re. The day duty connnences at 7 A. M. and eiuls at G. P. M. Each man is on duty every three hours in winter, and six liours in summer. Nigiit duty comnieuees at G P. M., and ends at (• A. M. Tiie time of relief in winter is gt>venit'd by tiie weatiier, at tlie discretion of tiie otlieer on duty : in summer, every four liouis duty relieves. The expense is borne by the Civil Home Govern- ment, and amounts to at least six thousand pouiuls per annum. A book of admirable Regulations has been published for the guidance of tlie police, and all its operations are scrupulously conducted in accordance with them. Tlie jurisdiction of the police extends through- out tiie city, suburbs, iiarbour, and island of Montreal, together with the parisiies of Laprairie de la ilagdelaiiie, Longueuil, Bouclierville, Varen- nes, Repentigny, Lachenaie, St. Vincent de Paul, St. Martin, and Isle Parrot." This is a very different arrangement from that of tlie present day 1S75. The four mounted patroles would be most beneficial now especially in the outskirts of Montreal — the efficient present chief does all that lies in liis power with the small force at bis eonnnand, but it is utterly impossible to cover sudi an extent as the city now does. I «»«>^v ^ PIERRE ETIENNE PICAULT, M.D. y-'^^Vas liorn at Courtenay, Department of the lioiret (Fiance), 12lh April, 1SU9, from a distiii- guisiied liiniily of I'iiysieians, being tiie fifth phyHJ- cian from fatlier to son. His father. Chevalier de la Ldgion d'iionneur, received one silver medal in ISOs from tlie Eiiijx'ror Napoleon tiie Ist., and an- other ill IS is fniiu Louis the IStli, King of France, (or Ills zeal and success in the jiropagation of the Vaccine. He took his degree as doctor in medicine in 1S3I. Married thesaine year Mademoiselle Julienne Bou- tolJe, and arrived in Montreal in 1833. Foreign Dil>lonias not being adi litted in Canada at thnt time he was employed as J'lofessor ot French lite- rature by the most important schools of the day, and counts among his old scholars, judges, mem- bers of Parliament, some of our wealthy merchants and a number of the principal ladies oi" Montreal. In 1838, tiie law having been altered, he took bis licence to practice medicine, and soon opened a pharmacy whicli to tliis day, has ranked amongst the best. Culled to succeed T. Doucet, Esij., he was appointed by the French government in 13G3 agent coiisulaire of France and promoted to the grade of vice-consul in 18G9, an office which he resigned a few weeks ago. Montreal,— BIOGRAPHICAL sketches. 109 WILLIAM PAEKYN. The subject of this sketch was born at St. Aus- 11, Cornwall, England, in the year 1807. His tlier was also William Parkyn, of the same place. 1 1S18 he came to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where he mained for six years and afterwards came to oiitreal in 18:24. Montreal tiien was rather ditle- iit from wliat it is now. In 1S25 he went into isiness, and after four years he commenced run- lig the steamboat " Cornwall" from Lachine to irillon, quite a ditfereni attair from the present ilendid steamers now on the Ottawa route — after- ards he was the on " St. Lawrence" " John ukon" " Canada" and "John Bull." Ill 1S3S he commenced with Mr. Molson the St. Mary's Foundry, now the Montreal ubber Works, till 1S45, inwhioh year he took the itablishment on his own account and continued it 1 1849. The next year we find him running the St. Lawrence," between Montreal and Quebec. In le year following lie fitted up the steamer '' Jenny iiid" which also plied between Montreal and nebec. In 1S53 he bought all the water power 1 the Canal from the Government which is situated at Cote St. Paul ; selling part, he built on the re- mainder several factories wiiicii were rented out as shovel, axe, and others factories ; aft"r tiiis he devoted himself to flour milling, chiefly in tiie Avon Mills, which were burnt down. He built the only steamboats of iron ever made in Montreal, viz. The Prince Albert, Fire Fly, Riche- lieu, and the Iron Uuke ; also the Emerald and Oregon, which last two an; now running on the Upper Ottawa. Mr. Parkyn married in lsi:3. Miss Margaret Holmes, who died in 1847, and he married again iu 1849 Miss Catlieriiie Annie Henwood. His oidy living son, Mr. James Parkyn, is now the owner of the IMount Royal Mills, and his only daughter is married to the Rev. A. N. Jackson, (yongregational minister, Tonmto. Althougii nearly 70 years of age ]Mr. Parkyn is still hale and heart}', and what redounds to bis praise has never yet in all his life either known tiie taste of spirituous liipiors or smoked a pipe or cigar. Few living man can say tlie same; ami few have a more happy recollection of a well s{)ent life. llfl M0NTRJ:AL,— BIOG IIAPIIICAL SKETCHES. L'HONORABLE LOUIS SENAUD. Etait n<5 prcXsde Montmil, le 18 rtSvrier, 1818. Dos VSgo lo plus tendre, il fut obligj, gi-ace a la maladie da son pdro, de poiirvoir dans line lai-ijo metrtire aux bcsoins do la faniille. Malyrd les desa- vantagos de ces debuts dans la %'ie, il sut biontot par 111! travail intellij;ont,vaincro los rigiieurs do la fortune. 11 otait ago do vingt ans a peine lorsqno dos econo- niios assoz considdrablos hii pormirent do so lunoor dans lo commerce dos produits ou il dovait plus tard obtenir de si grands suceOs. A I'iigo do trento ans il etait doj:i possesseur d'uno fortune oonsidorable. II avait alors pour associo son I'ri^re Jean Baptiste Renaud. Ecr., aujourd'hui I'un des plus notables negociants de la cite de Quebec. Leur niaison qui avait uno succursale ;i Quebec et des agencos dans la plupart des grandes villcs An- glaises et Am(?ricaines dtait la \>hiti populaire et la niieux connue de tout lo Canada. La lilionilite avcc bujuoUo il aidait do .-it's large ressources tous los marchandsdescompiignos Canadiennos et les avances (ju'il leur faisait en niarchandisos ot en argent attirorent choz lui presquo tous les niaroliands dii 13a.s-Canada, dont un grand nonibro dovinrent ses agents pour Tachat des ceroales dans toutes los parties (.lu paj's ; do cetto maniero il monopolisa en quelquo Korte le commerce do grains dans lo Bas-Canada. C'otait sa niai.so.i qai souvent etr.blissait les prix du marclio oi, faisait la bausso et la bais.-e. 11 fut un des premiers qui pratiqua sur uno vasto ecbolle I'expurtation des produits L'analli^'ll^^ ;\ I'etran ger. Son immense commerce coiitril)iia largemeut a faire aequorir au.\ produits les hauts prix qui jxindant jdus do quinze ans enricliiront les campagues f'ana' dionnes. Vers 185G il entreprit do concert avoc I'llonorablo Jolin Young des operations conimorcialos ntsouventexerce uno influence ddcisivi sur la iM)liti(jue de son tenij)S. Rarement uno deciiiii importante dtait priso sans qu'au prealalilo M Uenaud eftt dte consulto, ol plus d'une Ibis son es|)iii pr.Mtique et son jugement supericur romportoriM dans les dulibt^iations. Do sa premiuro fomme feuo Dame Mario Aiiiin Pigeon il a eu onze onfants dont huit encore vivaiit- Son unique fille a cpouse I'llonorablo F. X. A. Truilfi qui lui a succdde au Senat. L'un do ses fils, il NaiHjleon Renaud, ancien zouave pontifical, comliiii aujourd'hui avec succos son anciennc niaison do coin nierce. L' Honorable Louis Ri n.'tud a .'p ousii on 2iid marriagi' J)iimo lleltine Chicou Duvest, - ouvo do fou M. Droh'l negociant. II denieure actuolleiuont a Ste. Martine, district tie Boauharnois, oil il est jiroprietaire de vastes foruH!- et do moulins considdrablos MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Ill MICHAEL PATRICK RYAN. The subject of this sketch wasborn at Palis in the county of Tipperary, one of the finest and most delightful counties of the many such in Ireland, on the 29th September, 1825. He is the tiiird son of William and Mary Ryan. He received his educa- tion there and at an early date came to Montreal and commenced business. He married in 18-50, Mar- garet, eldest daughter of the late Patrick Brennan, Esq., of this city. He is one of the most extensive merchants in Montreal in his own line, which is that of produce. He has been most active in the welfare and prosperity of his adopted city, being a vice-president of the Artifuns' Mutual Building Society, a director of the Metropolitan Bank, of which the well-known Honorable Henry Starnes i tlie Manager. He is also a director of the Northern Colonization Railway, and of the Confederation Life Association. He is also a Justice of the Peace for the District and City of Montreal. Whilst he was a member of the Corn Exchange Association he had the high honor of three times being elected to serve as tlie president. He was also a Harbour Commissioner from August 1S73, to August, 1874. When the late lamented Honorable T. D. Mcdee was basely assassinated at (^)ttawa his constituency became vacant and Mr. Rj'an succeeded iiim in tlie representation of Montreal west in the Commons of Canada, having been returned for that seat l)y acclamation, April J 868. He was again returned at the general election of 1872 and re-elected at those of 1873, but was defeated by Bernard Devlin in 1871, and has retired for the present from poli- tics, devoting all iiis time to the extensive duties of his large business. JEAN BAPTISTE ROLLAND, No A Verchi^rcs en 1815 de Pierre Rolland etd'Euphra- sie Donais. Vint k Montreal en 1832, ct entra coinnio appreiiti imprimeur a I'lmprimorie do la Minorvo cliez M. Liidger Diivernay. En 1836 il entra k rimprimcrio du Morning Courier et laissa cet otalilitiscment on lfi42 pour prendre une imprimerio i son conipto en »iOciet(S aveo un do ses confreres d'apprentisage, M. Johti Thompson, nvec lequel il exploita I'lmpriniorio et la roliure avec les restes d'un vioil etablisHonient qii'ils achetdront pour trois cents piastres, moitid comptaiit, nioiti^ i credit. Il travailla aiimi I'espace de trois ans avec son associ^ sous les nom ot raison do Rolland el Thompson. Aprds la dissolution do sociote, Mr. Holland «e voua plus exclusivement au commerce do la Librairie. On comprendra facilomont comhion il lui fullut de labours, d'energie ot do prevoyaiice )>our fonder un etablissoment aussi oonsidi^rabio tpie Tost aujourd'hiii oelui do la Maison J. B. Holland &. Fils, n'ayant d'autros ressourcos quo son activite ot lo jiigomont qui lo distingue comme bon appreciatour on tontes cliosos. Cost cetto sjjeeialito si proeieuso au nogo- oiant qui lui a fait saisir les occasions de faire de bonnes affaires et qui lui a fait^viter d'en faire jamais (!e mauvaises. M. Rolland s'eft particniioroniont livro dans lou commoncenionts a la publication do livres d'ocole. Plus tard lorsquc. ses ressourcos lui i>ermirent d'oditer lies ouvraces Iitt<5raire?*, il donna tout I'oncourago- niont possible aux lottres Canadionnes, et malgrdque ilang bion dos cas il n'ait pu r^alisor la miso t'-j wos fon.ls, il noil a pas nioins continue a publior tontos Irrt i;iior ici qu'il a grande- mont contribu^ au developitouiout dos connaissances utiles dans ce pays i«ir I'importation d'innombrables livres desaino litterature Franfniso, du scieiices, itc. Tout en suivant sos art'airos avoc uno ^rande assi- duittJ, il a pu tnivaillor d, la cIkkjo publiquo comme citoyen a;"oc >mi 'Icvoiiomont ot un rare d^sinterosse- ment, so multiptiant ]iour sorvir losinl^rftsdossocietes de bionfaiHsance, de pbilantropio, dcs arts ot metiei-s &e. &c. Il a occujH) dos charges lionorirtijiios dans la ])luspart de ces institutions, a (Sti^ fait capitainoiie milico ot a])partieiit a la comini.i!-''in do la paix. Son dovouemout aux inti5rots do ses compalrioles ne s'est jamais ralonli. II ropresoiita lo Quiirlior Kst an consoil do la cite do Montieal coninio Keliovin durant nouf ans ot fo n'ost (ja'au mois ilo Mars (ioiiiior (pi'll a renonc<5 a eotto charge, vu sos occupations trop nombrousOK. Pepiiis jilusiours aniioos Mr. Holland s'est ])l\is parliculitMonioiit occujio ilo consli-uftions. laissant k SOS tils associos, MM. J. 1). et 8. J. H. Holland lo .soin de la maison commoroialo. M. Holland s'est I'ail construi'tour do maisoiis comuio il s'l'tait fait inarcliand. ('est ((u'il est do ces lioninies qui a]i])ronnent dans un jour ce romii'ro elasse sur le haul de la rue St. Donis, qni devront otro toutes tcrmini'es )ioui- lo ])romier Avril prochain. Ainsi on voit co que pout faire pour son pays un liomme qui s'est fait lui- meme. Kn politique, M. Rollau'; a toujours appartonii du parti consorvateur sans jamais transiger avec ses convictions, mais aussi sans jamais mettro rosj)rit do parti dans sos relations d'affaires privees ou dans rcxocution tn;irt. Ker., rem- plagant Mr. O'Sullivan comnio Sol-Guiiural. A la mort (ie M. Stuart M. llov eontinua ses etudes le^^ales sous feu Henry Stuart, Ker., 0. li., ot cotnpleta son terns d'dtude dix-huit mois avant sa majoritd. II etait re^uavocaten Janvier, 1842. Choisi corame avocat de la cite conjointeinent avec son ancien patron Henry Stuart en .A.vril, 1862, I'un des hommes los plus ins- truits et les plus honirables du Barreau. En Fevrier, 18G4, nomine consoil de la Roine. En Deoembre, 1874, .Mar^uillier do la Paroisse do Notre Dame. II dpousa le 22 Janvier, 18.57, Delle Corinne Herminie Boaudry, fille ainee do I'Honoriible J. L. Beaudry, membro du consoil Ld^i-slatif. EUCLIDE ROY. Avoeat, fjradiie de I'Univer.site do droit de Paris, France, momhrc eorrospondant de la commission legale pour I'ltalio, siegoant a Milan, representant du niinistrede la Justicodo la Puissance dans certainos causes du Revenue. No a Montreal, tils do Joseph Roy, et de Dame Emelic Luciniain, alias Lu.signan admis au barreau en 1845, aj-ant \mss6 18 mois a Pari.s et obtenu du ministrc de I'Instraction Publique lauto- risation de prendre ses inscriptions et de concourir pour nn brev6t de capacitt?, M. Roj' subit avoc Deaucoup de succos I'epreuvo des examcns, et obtint, en 1852 lo brevet de capacitc, distinction obtenue par peu d'hommesde Loi d'Amerique et quenulautre Canadian n'avait obtenue avant lui. En 18G2, soli- cits se a porter candidal pour representor le comtS do Montcalm, M. Roy fit la lutto contre M. Joseph Dufresnequi I'emporta par I'intorvontion d'influences indues et par une corruption qui no fut guare, ddpassSo m§me dans cos temps malheureux ok de.s parvenus enrichis achetaiont souvent plusieurs comtSs & la fois etsemaiont 4pleinos mains la ddmoralization parmi le peuple. Dou^ d'un caract6re Snergiquo, d'un grand courage soutenu par une force physique peu commune, M. Roy fut toujoursi la tete des organiza- tions auxquoUes la papulation Canadienne Fran^aise commo lo parti liberal, devait souvent reeourir pour sauvogardor lours droit. Plus d'une fois il paya de sa personne et contribua a ranimer le courage ot le z61e do la jounessequi avaiti combattre soil avoc lesarraes, soit avec la parole, soit aveo laplamo. L'un des fon- dateurs et Collaborateur du journal Le P(iys pendant plusieurs ann<5os, il conserve toujours des relations avec la prosso liberale. Elu Presidentde I'lnstitut Canadien de MontriSal en 1858 il fut reelu pour le second 8(5mestre. Cost sous sa presidence que fut inaugurd le monument des victimos de 1837 & 1838. Des 1850 il refusait des places lucratives que lui offrait M. Lafontaine, alors chof du Governoment. M. Roy suivait ainsi les traditions laissdos par son pore et par d'autres merabres de sa fiimille qui refusorent toujours d'alie- ner lour ind(5pendanco en accoptant des salaires publics. M. Roy epousa le 3 Juin 1875, Dllo Zoij Aubin, fille de N. Aubin, 6cr., RMacteur du National, et horanio do lettres. JOSEPH ROY. M. Roy venait de Mascouche, od il Stait r\6 en Octobre, 1771. Son pt^re etait un cultivateur do I'endroit. Vers 1790 il allait » Montreal, se mottro on apprentissage chez un vioux franjais, il. Pasteur, qui passait pour le meilleur sculpteur de son temps. Ce jeune hommo s'appelait Joseph Roy. Il n'eat rien de plus presse, on arrivant 4, Montreal, quo d'aller i. une ocole du soir. II ajiprit si bien, qu'il avaituno bonne (klucation commerciale, lorsqu'il ouvrit un atelier a son conipto, quolqnes annees apres. Vers I'annde mil huit cent trois, i! oii'-rit un mngasin sur la rue St. Paul, ontre la place J:,c(((ios Oarticr, et marchS Bonsecours. Comnio les anu- s marcliands de I'dpoque, M. Roy vendait un pen de totit dans Hon jnagasin, et il vondit bioii, car il dovint en pen do tem])s l'un des gros marchands do Montreal. II rtnit jmr adopter prosque complolement le commerce do.s urnemonts d'egliso ot so tit une clioutolo corsiderable. iK'* mi! huit cent (juatorjo lo-* patriotes lo choisis- saiont commo candidal pour Montreal contrn !o colobro .lamos Stuart, alors Bolicitoiir-gdnorale. li fallait du courage pour hitter contre 'o governemont ot contro iHi homme coMinio M. Stuart. O'olait sous le regno do la terreur ; lo Oouverneur Craig venait de dis- sciudro la Chanibre, pour la douxiimo fois dans I'espace de si.x mois, et avail jetS dans les prisons quolqaos-uns des hommes qui se faisaient le plus remarques par lour ojjposition k son administration. Toiites los influences fiiront mises en jou, tons les moyons employes pour fairo rcussir le candidal du goiu-erncment. .M. Roy, cepondant, avail ou la majo- rite pendant toute I'Slection qui dura pres de trois somaines ; los Canadiens no so laLssant ni seduire par I'ai-gent, iii ctlVa^-or par los bAtons, avaient noblement fait lour devoir ; plus d'uno fois ils avaiont repouss^ ^ coups de poing et i\ coups de piod des gens armes do ]iiorros et do batons. Mai , la voillo du dernier jour, uti .M. Forticr vondit assez do lots de terre pour qualifier doux il trois cents electeurs qui, le lendemain nllorent voter pour M. Stimrt ot lui donnerent la majoritt?. De|)uis mil huit cent neuf jusqu'':i mil huit cent tronle quatrc, M. Roy continua de travailler au trioinpho do la cause nationalo. Dans toutes les Elections et los ivssombloes politi(iuos on le voit parattro, toujours jirC-t a seconder do sa bouivo, de sa parole ot de son inSluonce ceux ipii dans la Chamhre ou les joiU'iiaux luttaicnt contro I'injustice ot la tyrannio. O'est chez lui quo los amis do la cause populairo so r(5unissaient ))Our so nges ; ils n'out qu'une voix pour dire quo c'elait un homme d'un grand jugement, d'un esprit droit et d'un cceur large, oil tons les nobles sentiments avaient leur place. II a pnssd sa vie a faire du bien k sa famille, a ses compatriotes, remplissant fidolement tons ses devoirs envers Dieu, la religion et la society. C'dtaitThomme des bons conseils, on lui on domandait de tons cotes. Presque tous les membres de sa famille, ses freres sur- tout du second marriage de son pere, lui devaient leur Alucation et leur ttablisscment. Parmi ceux-ci, il faut mentionner spdcialement M. Francois Roy qui fut I'un des avoeats les plus respectables et les plus remarquables da son temps, le patron et I'ami du rogrette juge-en-chet Lafontaine, le protecteur de plusieurs de nos principaux citoj-ens. 11 fut membre de la Corporation pendant longtemps, ot aurait pn etre mairo, s'il I'edt voulu. Nonimd marguillier, h, r^poque des difficult^s malheureuses etre le ii^eminaire et Monseigneur Lartigue dont il dtait I'un des ddfen- seurs les plus puissants, il out a soutenir une lutte forniidatle contro des amis et des citoyens influents. II y out de 1820 a 1840 deux hommes qu'on voyait constamment A la tete de toutes ces bonnes oeuvres, de toutes les entreprises utiles a la society : c'etait MM. Roy, et Fabre. J'ai dit que pendant longtemps la maison M. Roy avait et4 la maison de tout le monde, je dois ajouter que plus tard M. Fabre lui disputa cette nombreuse clientele d'hommos politiques, do journa- listes et de citoyens distingues. On pourrait dire d'eux qu'ils ne se faisait rien dans I'Etat ou dans i'Eglise sans qu'ils en fussent. C'est a eux que s'a- dressaient tous eux qui avaient besoin d'argent ou de protection qui avaient quelque chose a fonder ou i, soutenir, un convent, un college, une maison do charity, etc., etc. Apr^s 1840, les amis se separ^rent ; le drapeau sous loquol les Canadiens avaient marchd, unis, jusqu'alors, se divisa en deux, en trois m^me, et chacun crut avoir le bon morceau. L«s uns sui- virent Lafontaine, les autres Papineau. A la t@te de ces derniors, on remarqua encore MM. Eoy et Fabre qui continuorent de iravailler et de se devouer pour leur parti. lis restorent juscju'a la fin deux des amis les plus sinceres, des partisans les plus utiles do M. Papineau et furent deux des principaux pvoprietaires et tondateurs du Fays. Le 13 juillet, 1856, la raort enlevait M. Eoy a I'atl'ection do sa famille et de ses compatriotes. Jl la vit vcnir avec calme et sang-froid et mouruten paix Dieu commeavrc les hommes. Les elogos les plus honorablos ne mancjuerent pas i sa memoire. La religion et la patrie so plurent i lorocon- naitre pour un do leurs enl'ants les plus chers, la pro- miore, iiarlabouche de Monseigneur Bourgot, dveque do .Montreal, I'autro, par la voix do I'hon. Ls. Joseph Papineau. Le \iti\ixpatriote terminait la lettre de con- dol''anees qu'il adressait a la famille eploree de son ami par ces paroles : 'Celuiqiid nousavons ])ordu ne nous a laisse quede nobles exemplos aimiter ot pas un acte ni un mot qui doniandeiil li etre excuses." 11 est I'are qu'on puisso diro cola d'un homme, et, cepen- dant, si Ton en croit tous ceux qui ont connu M. Koy, cet eloge otait merite. M. Koy avait epouse uno domoi.solle J.usignan, dont la famille, d'origine Italienne, etait allieo a l-i iioblo maison des llouor do Viileray, de France, il a laisse trois enfants : Domoisello Alphonsine Roy, veuve do M. Norbert Dumas, qui fut cuiisoil do la Reino comniissaire do la Cour Soigneuriale,ot MM. Rouer et Euclide Roy. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 115 EGOLE OE BEFOBME A MONTREAL. Having received the following description of the Reformatory Prison too late for insertion in its proper place, viz., at the biographical sketch of the late 0. Berthelet, it is inserted here. In the next edition it will be put in its proper place. Cette 6cole est dirigee par les Freres de la Charit6. La congregation de ces Freres a commence en Bel- gique, et a et6 fondee par le Tres-Eeverend Monsieur Pierre Triest Chanoine le 26 Novembre 1809. Le but de cette congregation est d'entretenir et de servir les viellards, les malades et les ali^n^s, d'elever et d'instruire les enfanta de toute condition, mais principalement les pauvres et les orphelins, les sourds- muets et les aveugles, — enfin, d'exercer toute espfece d'ceuvre de charite. Cette congregation possede do grands etablissement en Belgique principalement pour lea ali^nes. Les Freres de la Charite sont arrives k Montreal le 22 Fevrier 1865, ii la demande et par les moyens de Monsieur Antoine Olivier Berthelet, Commandeur de rOrdre de Pie IX ; ils ^talent aux nombre de quatre, Frere Eusdbe, Frore S^bastien, Frere Edmond et Frere Lin. lis ont pris possesion de I'Asiie Saint Antoine, rue Labelle, le ler Mars 1865, oil ils trouverent 7 viellards et 4 jeunes gens. Ayant chang6 de Directeurs cinq fois en 6 ans de temps, I'asile qui avait et^ si bien Boutenu par charity publique, avait tellement perdu la confiance qu'au jour de leur entree les Freres etaient obliges de prendre k meme leur trousseau pour ejse- velir un des viellards, vu qu'il n'y avait pas ce ou'il fallait, dans la maison, au dire de M. CUment, direc- teur de I'asile. Ensevelir un mort, voil4 la premiere ceuvre de charity des Freres a Montreal I Le gram at unique bienfaiteur, Monsieur A. 0. Berthelet, prevoyait dej4 q:'" I'asile destine pour son oeuvre serait av.-^nt longtemps bien trop petit; il acheta une autre maison avoc un grand jardin, sur la rue Dorchester. lea Freres y entrorent le 10 Mai 1866. L'ann^e suivante I .ur bienfaiteur commen9ait ^ bfitir un Etablissement digne de lui, sur la rue Mignonne. C'est dans cette etablissement que TEcole de R^forme se trouve aujourd'hui. Les bStisses reunies, ont une longueur d'environ sept cents pieds, la grande bfitisse en pierre a 275 pieds de long sur 50, et porte, 6 Stages, le terrain de I'ecole est grand de 14 arpenta. Monsieur le chevalier C. S. Cherrier a bien voulu agrandir le jardin par une lisi^i ■> de 100 pieds de large sur 1000 pieds de long. Lea rrSres sont entr^s dans cet etablissement le 19 Fevrier 1868, jour a jamais memorable pour le depart pour Home, du premier detachement des Zouaves. Les Freres sont au nombre de cinquante, sept Beiges et 43 Canadiens, etc. lis ont diji un trea bol etablissement 4 Boston, et c'est de la Congregation de Montreal que sont partis lea sujeta pour cette nou- velle missions. Plusieurs autrea miasions en sent encore il attendre, mais la nombre des Freres ne suffit pas pour toutes les demaudes. Une Congregation auxiliaire est 6tabli dans la maison du noviciat & Montreal depuis le 19 Mars dernier, qui viendra en aide, pour etendre le but de la communaute, c'est-a-dire pour adoucir le sort des plus malheureux de la societe. La Divine Providence pour son oeuvre etait assist^e d'un bienfaiteur sans pareil ; il ne sera jamaia connu dans ce monde , tout ce que Monsieur Berthelet a fait pour cette Congregation. II a employe pour I'etablia- mentde cette mission au de la de cent soixante mille dollars. Les dessins de Dieu sont impenetrables I La Con- gregation etait restee pendant huit ans dans un 6tat voisin do langueur, et juatement 3 mois avant I'ouver- ture de i'Ecole de Eefornie, c'est-il-dire au moment ou son horizon grandis.sait notablement, Diou appelait ■1 lui son fideie serviteur. II eat 4 esperer que e'il n'a pas eu cette consolation en ce monde c'etait afin que sa recompense en fut plus belle dans un monde meilleur. 116 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. H. W. Was bora in Northampton, England, in the year 1770. He entered the Public service at the early age of twenty-one as Assistant Paymaster-General in charge of General Burgoyne and Lord Com- wallis's armies in the first American War, in which he took part and rendered important services. He accompanied his friend Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester), Commander-in-Chief, to Eng- land. In 1793 when Lord Dorchester was appointed to the Government of British North America, Mr. Ryland was induced by the then Prime Minister, under promises which never were fulfilled, to sur- render a high and lucrative office to accompany him to Canada as Civil Secretary, a post for which he was eminently fitted, and it may truly be said that during the time Lord Dorchester governed Canada, and for twenty years after, Mr. Ryland ruled its destinies, which fact is too well known to be contradicted. On Lord Dorchester's return home Mr. Ryland continued to hold the same office under his immediate successor and several succeeding Governors. So highly recommended and soefficient was he in his appointment that every measure of public importance was in the first instance sub- mitted to him. He took part in every thing that appertained to the Government and the country, and was appointed a Legislative Councillor and often in his seat in that Body although holding a Government appointment. He unhesitatingly denounced any measure introduced by the Govern- ment which he considered in any way likely inju- riously to affect the public interest. In the year 1809 he was appointed by the Gov- ernment to proceed to England on a public mission, the ostensible object of which was to endeavor to got the Imperial Government to amend or suspend the Constitution to render the Government i.idependent ol the people by appro- priating towards it all the Revenues accruing from the estates of the St. Sulpicians at Montreal, and to assume the patronage exercised by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec to the cures or Ciiurch livings in his diocese. By his indefatigable energy Mr. Ryland got the objects of his mission taken into consideration and but for the iuterventioTi of the Lord Chancellor Eldon he would assuredly have succeeded in two of them. As it was the whole affair held through, and he returned to RYLAND. Canada where he was well received, for no one could ascribe to him the failure of the Government scheme- He clearly showed how eminently fitted he was for the post of a diplomatist. The cor- respondence which on this occasion passed be- tween him and the public functionaries forms a pleasing and interesting portion of the sixth volume of Christie's History of Canada. Had Mr. Ryland been in a different sphere where his talents and attainments would have been more properly appre- ciated and directed there is no saying to how high a position he might not have readied. The darling object of his heart was doubtless to anglicize the French Canadian people, who would not be anglicized on any terms, and this gave rise for a time to a bitter feeling on the part of those who were opposed to him, which extended to a certain extent to the Government of which Mr. Ryland was considered " the fountain head." On Sir George Prevost's accession to the Gov- ernment, Mr. Ryland gave up his post of Civil Secretary and retained only that of Clerk of the ■ Executive Council, also an important appointment, which he held until his decease on the 20th July, 1838, at the age of 78. Mr. Ryland was a man of great literary attainments and great ability. In politics he was a conservative and in private life no man was ever more beloved, so in public life, no man was more respected by aU classes of Society . His son G. H. Ryland is the Registrar for Mon- treal. As a boy he was intended for the Navy, but entered the Civil service iii 1817 as Secretary to the Commission for the management of the Jesuits' Estates. In 1821 he was appointed Assistant Clerk of the Council of Lower Canada and succeeded his father as Her Majesty's Clerk of the Council, which office he afterwards on public grounds consented to surrender, receiving under guaranty the Registrarship of Quebec, from which he was transferred to Montreal. He married in 1833, Miry Pitt, youngest daughter of Lt.-Col. Ralph Gore and niece of Admiral Sir John Gore. His second son Warwick Hastings Ryland was born in September, 1835 and educated as a Civil in the High Schools of Quebec and Montreal. He is Deputy Registrar of Montreal, a gentleman of acknowledged official ability, highly educated and one of the first mathematicians in Canada. He is unmarried. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 117 EABRISON STEPHENS. Perhaps no man in Montreal deserves to be called a self-made man more than the subject of thv sketch. He v.'as born in Jamaica, in the State of Vermont, in the year 1 801. The Vermon- ters have always been '-enowned fo • energy and perseverance ; hence Mr. Stephens vsrhen he arrived inMontreal in the year 1828 determined to show his energy and pluck. Though a poor man, by indom- itable industry and perseverance he made his mark commercially in the city. He established the old and weU-known house of Stephens & Kellogg, and was also the senior partner in the extensive establish- ment of Stephens, Young & Co. He retired, having made a large fortune, from the finn in 1845, andhas spent the rest of his life since, enjoying the laurels of his well earned patrimony. He was one of the Directors of the Bank of Montreal for several years. His sons enjoy a large share of public res- pect, one being an alderman of Montreal, another once a consellor of the city, but now an extensive insurance agent, whilst a third has given his atten- tion to farming. The princely residence of Mr Stephens, situated in Dorchester street, next to St. James Club, is perhaps one of the finest in the city. GHORGE W. STEPHENS. Son of Harrison Stephens, Esq., was born in Montreal and educated in the High school. He gra- duated in McGiU College and took the degree of L. C. L. He was engaged for nine years in com- mercial pursuits, hence his value in the council of Montreal connected with his legal acumen. He was admitted to practice law in November 1863, and elected to the City Council in 1868. Alderman Stephens was the promoter of the following by- laws, — Prohibiting the keeping of pigs in the city, — Planting trees, — sale of coal to prevent fraud, — sale of wood to prevent fraud, — by-law concerning nuisances, drains &c., — Scavengers, and the New Carters' Tariff. He also conducted the Drill Shed and Road Committee Investigations, and has gene- rally kept up a surveillance over speculators in the City Council. His effortshave resulted in turn- ing public attention to the importance of improv- ing the standard of public representatives. And so uncomfortable has he made it for speculative aldermen, that they have for the most part now left the council. The municipal legislature is improved in its morale, and this partly due to his seven years strenuous labors. Mr. Stephens gained much distinction at the Bar in conducting the great case of Connolly vs. Wool- rych to a successful issue. This was a cause celebre, and will ever be a leading case on the law of mar- riage as applied to Indian marriages and those by cohabitation. Whilst at the Bar he was associated with J. A. Perkins, the firm being Perkins & Stephens, and their practice was very extensive and success- ful. He has never been absent from a Council meeting for 7 years when he was actually present in Montreal ; and I might add has always been on the side of economy, and good and honest govern- ment. 118 MONTREAL— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EEV OEOEGE SLACK, M. A. The subject of this sketch was born in London, England, 4th Dec, 1810. — He was educated for nearly five years by the ', icar of Heathfield whence he removed to the school of the celebrated Dr. Valpy. From this school he entered the Royal Navy in the Man of War the " Hussa" carrying the Admiral's flag, Sir Charles Ogle, in which he sailed for three years when he returned to England. Being paid offhe immediately joined the " Raleigh" and visited all the remarkable places in the Medi- terranean. From this ship he joined the service of Her Majesty Donna Maria II, and was appomted to the ship of war of the same name, in which he saw much service both in the Azores, and Portu- gal. After this he returned to England and was again induced to enter the Service of the Young Queen of Spain, joining the Isabella Schooner at Woolwich as 1st Lieutenant. After about a year's service he again returned to England, and shortly aftermade his last essay in foreign service by piloting the city of Edinburgh Steamer into Ferrol. Once more ii: liis native country he remained there a year and then sailed for Canada in the spring of 1836. Arriving in Montreal he purchased a farm of 200 acres in the Township of Efit(,n, Eastern Townships, but returning to England in 1837, he married Miss Emma Colston and agai*; arrived in Canada in 1S39. He was ordained by the Bishop of Quebec in May 1842 and lost his wife by sudden death the same year. He removed to Milton in 1844 and continued there 10 years. He married a second time Miss Isa- bella Ann Johnson. Removed from Milton to Bed- ford in 1864 he ministered there until the time he met with the railway accident which ultimately caused his death May 2nd, 1873. On his way from Lennoxville, where lie had been attending a meet- ing of trustees, the carriage in which he was seated rolled over and over down a steep embankment. He was picked up and brought to his son's, Dr. Slack's house in Montreal. Two ribs were broken, his back and sides fearfully bruised and his nervous system so shaken that for some days it was doubt- ful if he would recover. His health was so under- mined that he felt very reluctantly compelled to resign his position as Incumbent of Bedford. He resided with Dr. Slack until his death. He at- tended the Synod in June 1874, which seemed to fatigue him very much. A few days after he left early in the morning for Lennoxville to attend the convocation of the College, but was taken so ill on the way that he returned on the next train. (June 24th) He had a severe attack of erysipelas of the head from the effects of which he died on Saturday morning, July 4th, the effects of the shock of the railway accident preventing his recovery. He was for many years chairman of the Protestant Board of School Examiners for the District of Bedford and was appointed Rural Dean of Bedford by the late Bishop of Montreal, (Anglican.) His son George was born in 1847. He was educated at Lemioxville, is a B. A. of McGili University, studied medicine there and then at Charing Cross Hosjntal, London. In 1871 he obtained by Competitive examination the post of House Surgeon of that Hospital and held it for one year when he veturned to Canada and commenced practice in Montreal. He is also a member of tlie Royal College of Surgeons, England, and attending physician to the Montreal Dispensary. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 119 PARISH CHURCH OF MONTREAL. The first ecclesiastics who came to Canada were four Recollets, brought to Quebec by Champlain, in 1615, They were, the Superior of the Mission, and the Fathers Joseph le Caron, Jean D'Olbeau, and Pacifique Duplesis. Three others, Jesuits, were sent out in 1625, by Henry D. Levis, Duiie of Ventadour, and three more were added in the following year. In 1636 there were fifteen Jesuit Missionaries in Canada. Those who settled in Quebec, assisted by the Queen of France, the Duchess of Aiguillon, and other benevolent individuals, formed several estab- lishments in that city and the neighbouring coun- try, for religious instruction, the relief of the miserable, especially the sicii, and the tuition of the young. Montreal which was founded in the year 1642, soon became the scene of similar operations. The chapel, which was a slight and hasty structure of wood, was by degrees improved and enlarged as the wants of the population required, and was at length succeeded by a more substantial erection of stone in 1672. This stood in what is now called the French Square, or Place d'Armes, and occupied the middle of Notre Dame Street, standing quite across, so as to di\nde it into two nearly equal parts, and requiring travellers to pass half round the church to proceed from one part to the other. As the inhabitants increased in number, the church even in its enlarged state, became too small, and the church of Bonsecours was erected for their accommodation. The city continuing to prosper, especially after the Colony became British, further accommodation was needed ; and in the year 1824, the present magnificent church was commenced. On the third of September the corner-stone was laid ; and it was so far completed as to admit of being opened for public worship on tlie fifteenth of July, 1829 ; when high mass was performed by the Bishop of Tehnesse, and an oration delivered by tlie Rev. Mr. Quibler. Tlie greater part of the Canadian Roman Catholic Clergy were present, and the solemnity was attended by Sir James Kempt, Administrator, the Statf, Cor)>oration, and other pubhc bodies, and upwards of eight thousand persons. The edifice is a chaste specimen of tlie perpendi- cular style of Gothic arcliitecture in the middle ages. Tiie lengtli of the churdi, from east to west, is 264 feet 6 inclies, and its breadth from north to south, 144 feet 6 inches. Tiie heigiit of the flank is 61 feet from the flagging of the terrace to the eaves. There are six towers, so arranged that each flank presents three, and tlie cast and west ends two each. Those on the principal or west front are to be 220 feet high- The sjiace be- tween tiie front towers is 73 feet, l>y l-'O in lieight, crowned with an embattled' parapet. The flanks and east towers are each j 15 feet in height. There are five public ana three private entrances to the first floor, and four to the galleries, so that an audience of ten thousand persons, the number for which it is seated, may assemble and disperse in a few minutes, without disagreeable pressure. The tower contains the largest bell in America, and weighs 29,400 lbs. The eastern window at the high altar is 54 feet in height, and 32 in V^readth. It is separated by shafts into five compaiments, and sub-divided by mullions into 36 revisions. The window.! in the flanks consist of one range, and those in the front are finished in the same style as the eastern win- dow. The portal is formed by an arcade, consist- ing of three arches, each 19 feet by 48 in height. From this arcade are the entrances to the church ; and over it is placed another of the same form in relief, which connects the towers and piers. Between these are trefoil canopy-headed niches, intended for marble statues. It was a part of the original design to have a promenade between the towers 76 feet by 20, elevated 120 feet above the surface of the Place d'Armes, from which the spec- tator would have a delightful and extensive view of the River St. Lawrence and the surrounding country. The front towers are intended to con- tain clocks and bells, and to form observatories accessible by safe and easy flights of steps. The floor, from the front entrance to the chan- cel, is a gently inclined plane of three feet in the whole length. There are seven spacious aisles in the same direction, and two crossing them at right angles, one of which leads to the flank doors. The pews are raised six inches above the aisles. Thei-e are seven chapels, so placed that all are seen from tlie front entrance. The high altar is nearly at the extremity of the nave : it is elevated in the chancel 2 feet 6 inches above the floor of the church, and is encompassed on three sides by semi-circular seats for the clergy, &c. Tiie front of the chancel is open, and is approached by an easy flight of five steps, in the form of a double semi-reverse. Tlie eastern window, high altar, and choir, are seen from the front door to great advantage, with a perspective view of the side windows, altars, galleries, and the groined ceiling, 80 feet in height. The vaults of the ceiling and gallei-ies are supported in part by a double range of grouped colunins, 3 feet 4 inches ill diameter : from these spring tlie groins of the ceiling. The pillars are of wood, and painted in imitation of clouded Italian or American marble. The hue accords with the ceiling; but the efllect, though time may improve it, is too glaring, and is evidently inferior to that which stone pillars would have produced. The facings of the galltuytrii.sses, and tlie greatest portion of the carpenter's work, 120 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES KET( are painted in imitation of the oak finishings in the Gothic Cathedrals of Europe. The gallery screens are in moveable pannels. and painted a crimson colour : the railing, in front of them, imitates iron, and produces an agraeable effect. There are recesses in the piers, between the windows on the first floor, inter-led for family monuments, and in the recesses of the windows are placed the confessional screens. Suitable arrangements are made in the interior for all the monuments and paintings that may be wanted ; and at the sides of the high altar are places assigned for twelve large historical paintings, which will occupy an admirable light from their position. The organ is placed in the upper gallery over the front entrance ; the floor in this part is elastic, and the organ projects six feet beyond the line of galleries. The choir screen is finished in recessed seats for the clergy. The pulpit and canopy are attached to one of the pillars : the access to it is from the first gallery. It resembles in form that in the Gothic Cathedral at Strasburg, in Germany, the high altar resembles in part that of St. Peters' at Rome. The Eastern window was intented to be filled with stained glass. HON. HENBY STABNES. Is the son of a U. E. loyalist and of Scotch descent. At the close of the American Revolution Mr. Starnes' father settled in Canada, where he married a French Canadian lady. The Hon. gen- tleman was born at Kingston, Ontario, and edu- cated at the Montreal College. He early began business and was for some years a member of the extensive firm of Leslie, Starnes & Co., merchants, Montreal. Strict in his business habits and com- mercial transactions he acquired the confidence of his fellow citizens who elected him as Mayor of the city in 1856-57 and again in 1866-67. He is Lieut.-Col. of the Montreal Centre Reserve Militia, President of the Montreal and St. Jerome Railway, and of the Prince Edward County Railway,- also President of the Metropolitan Bank, Vice-presi- dent of the >S'^. Jean Bqptiste Soci&te and of the Warehousing Co., and also a Director of the Richelieu Steamboat Co., and the Canadian Engine and Machinery Co. He was one of the Directors of La Banque du Peuple, a Warder of the Trinity House, vice-president of the Board of Trade, and for many years the energetic manager of the On- tario Bank of Montreal. He sat for Chateauguay County in the Canadian Assembly from the general elections in 1861 to those in 1863 whenhe retired. He declined a seat in the Quebec Cabinet in 1867, and the same year was appointed to the Legisla- tive Council. He again, 1874, refused a seat in the Quebec Cabinet. Mr. Starnes' name is one of the most familiar in Montreal. His two eldest daugh- ters are both married to officers in the 60th Rifles, British Army. The honorable gentleman has always been and is a consistent Conservative. GEO. B. SHAW, M.D. CM. Was born in Manchester, England, and was the 4th son of the late John Shaw, Esq., of the Oaks, Bowden, Cheshire. He is brother to John B. Shaw, Esq., Barrister, Middle Temple, London, and to W. H. Shaw, Esq., Solicitor to the Great Eastern Railway of England. In his younger days he spent twelve years in the gold mines of Australia, where his thorough knowledge of chemistry was of much benefit to him. After a year or two in Canada he was appointed Professor of Chemistry in Bishop's College, Lennoxville, having been lecturer in that Institution in 1873. He was also elected lecturer on Chemistry to the College of Pharmacy, both of which positions he still retains. He was surgeon on the S. S. Medway during the last voyage in 1873 before she was lost. He is also an M, A. of Lennoxville, and a L.C.P.S.L.C MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 121 HON. ANSELME P. X. TEUDEL. Is the son of F. X. Trudel of St. Prospere, District of Three Rivers. He is the grandson of Olivier Trudel, Esq. of Ste. Gene^deve de Batiscan who represented Champlain County in the Legis- lative Assembly of Lower Canada for a long period. Mr. Trudel was born at St. Anne de h Pai ^de on the 29th April, 1838. He was educated at Nicolet College where he distinguished himself by assiduity in his studies. In April 1864 he married Marie Zo^ Aim^e, daughter of the Hon. Louis Renaud. He was called to the Bar of the Province in 1861. For a short time in 1860 he edited the well known paper La Minerve. He has been during several years President o*" the Cercle Litteraire and also of L' Union Catholique. In 1869 his seiTices as advocate were secured conjointly with those of the late Mr. Cassidy and L. A. Jette, M.P. for Mon- treal east, by the Fabrique of Notre Dame de Montreal for the famous cause " Guibord." The opinions which he sustained in his speech, touching the freedom of the R. C. Church's complete independence and its civil rights, and the thesis which he developed then on the ques- tion of " La propriety ecclesiastique," gave vent to considerable discussion in the press and were the subject of flattering appreciations from many publicists and canonists in France, Belgium and Spain, They determined at first in Canada a certain excitation, and induced the Trustees (mar- guilliers) of Notre Dame to decline to employ him (Mr. Trudel) any more in the case, and even a vote of blame was passed condemning his opinions I and is still in the registers of "la Fabrique." This censure caused Mr. Trudel to submit his arguments to the judgment of the Holy See. His contested opinions were approved of, not only by the most eminent canonists of Rome, namely, P. Perone, Drs. De Angelis and Sanguinetti, but the whole plead' ng was the subject of their praises. He is one of the authors of the Programme- Catholique (1871) and has written considerably in the various journals and periodicals of the day. From 1867 to 1872 lie has sustained in tlie press many polemics on the question of the Rights of the Roman Church and of its relations with the civil power. The most important of liis works has been published in part in the Revue Canadienue from 1870-1871 under the title of "Quolques considerations surles rapports del'Eglise de I'Etat." He thought it his duty to discontinue publica- tion on account of the irritation tliat those religious polemics had created among the Roman Catholics of the Province of Quebec. Since the general elections of 1871 he has sat for Champlain in the Quebec Assembly. He was called to the high position of senator of Canada on the 31st October, 1873. He was one of the promoters and organizers of the Canadian Papal Zouaves. Some of his writings have been pub- lished in the Echo du Cabinet de Lecture, in 1861, 1862 and 1863, under the heads of : "Destinies of the Canadian People," " Temperance," " Fred- erick Osanam and his works." LOUIS OLIVIEB TAILLON. Was born at Terrebonne, 16th September, 184'J. The College of -Terreboime built by Mr. Masson offered him a chance of completing his studies, which he successfully did in connection with the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, Dr. Desjardins, and his brother A. Desjardins, Esq., M.P. for Hochelaga County who were students at the same time. His brother the rev. L. M. Taillon, cur6 of Ste. Monique and rev. F. H. Leclerc, who was one of the Directors of the College were there at the same period. When he had completed his studies he entered as an ecclesiastic and was professor in the College for six years, but not wishing to pro- ceed any further in theology, he quitted Masson College and studied law. In the office where he studied no less than twelve young men were at the same time employed. Mr. Taillon passed succes- sively into the offices of Messrs. Fabre, Lesage & Jett^, — and Mr. Laflamme, and then to that of Mr. Girouard. After his admission to the Bar in November, 1865, he entered the office of the latter named gentlemen, but very soon left it to enter into partnership with Aldermau Rivard, where he remained till May, 1872, when he formed a part- nership with the Hon. F. X. Trudel. He has given all his time to his profession and has thus made a good position. In 1874 he was solicited to stand for Montreal East in the Federal Parliament in opposition to Mr. Jett^. He refused but this year, Mr. David, having decided not to present himself for the Local House,Mr. Taillon has been re- quested to stand asacandidate for that constituency. Mr. Taillan was a member of the Committee which organized the grande lete of " St. Jean Baptiste," in 1S74, and asone of the Commissioners of that day he greatly contributed to its success. 122 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. E. H. TSUDEL, MJ). Was bom at St. Genevieve de Bai-^can on the 26th March, 1821. He is * - youngest son of the late Olivier Trudel of the ue place and Margue- rite Toutant de Beauregard of Champlain. His father was the first member elected for the County of Champlain. He represented this county since its establishment until 1837. His son, Dr. Trudel, passed with 6clat all the courses of study in the College of Nicolet. During his term at this college he had as associates in the classes such men as Mgr. LaflSche, the Grand Vicar of the Oblats, His Excellency Governor Caron, Judge Loranger, Honorable A. A. Dorion, Chief Justice, Ed. Carter, Q.C., Honorable M. Fournier, L'Abb6 Provencher, a.".d »nnny others who are distinguished in the annals of Canadian History and Literature. He studied medicine at the University of McGiU College where he graduated in 1844. He is pro- fessor of Chemistry in the School of Medicine since 1848. In 1850 he was appointed to the Chair of Midwifery' and the Diseases of Women and Children. He is also the physician to " La Mater- nit^, Ste. Pdlagie, " since its foundation. He is one of the physicians to almost all the important institutions in Montreal, and has one of the largest practices in the city. He has been named to several honorable posi- tions, as President and Vice-President of the School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal, the Presi- dent of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, also Presi- dent of the Medical Society of the Dominion. Although so engrossed in his own profession, the doctor still gives a certain portion of his time daily to financial business. He is a Director of tlie Banque Ville Marie, andalso of the Credit Fonder. He lost his son, oneof the most promising young men in Montreal, not long ago, whose short sketch is given as written by one who knew him well. MAIRE THOMAS EUGENE TRUDEL. Naqnit A Montreal en Avril 1852. II etait fils aine de Dr. E. H. Trudel dont nous avons appris ik apprecier les talents ainsi que las vertus, et de Dame Marie Anne Fran^oise Aurelie Boutilliei-, fille unique de feu le Dr. Th. Boutillierde St. Hyacintho, Gi-aoo a I'enseignement d'une more vertueuse, Eugene re9ut dfes sea premiers ana les principes moraux etreligieux indispensables 4 tout homme de bien, et qui devaient en faire plus tard uii citoyen capable de remplir ses devoirs d'une mam^re honorable. Avec un caractere ferme et decides, une volonte qui ne reculait devant aucun obstacle, Eugene possedait un cieur d'or. II aimait teiidremeiit ses frt^res et soeurs, et sa charite ^t«it a touteepreuve. Au college on le voyait toujours ou I'appolait son regk-nient. De gai, d'eiijoue qu'il etait pendant la recreation, il devenait serieux et reflechi i I'etude. En classe, c'^tait un des plus ai-dents travaillecrs. Apres avoir re^u sou Vacation primaire chcz les F.F. de la doctrine clu-etieinie, il fut place par son pore au College des R.R. P.P. JtJsuites a Montreal. Son travail et ses talents lui valurent les premieres places de sa classe. Rendu eu rhetoriquo etcraignant, entoure de sa famille et de ses nombreux amis, d'etre expose i se uegliger dans scb devoirs d'ecolicr, il obtint d'allcr terminer son coura au Seminaire do Nicolet. Pout-6tre, aussi, voulait-il par 1^ suivre de plus prt^s les traces de son pere qui avait fait un brillant cours d'<5tudes dans ce meme Seminaire. Mais sa sante ddbile I'obligea, apr^s quelques mois, de revenir dans sa famille et de continuer ses etudes chez les R.R. P.P. J^suites. Enfin vlnt I'heure ou il fallut se ddcider a choisir un etat de vie. Ne voulant pas coipplir sur ses propres fo.ce.'i, il remit tout cnlre les mains de la Providence. Apres avoir consul te des hommes d'ex- perience et de savoir, il se d^cida a embrasser la pro- fes.'sion de son pere. L'Etude de la medecine est bien fatiguaiile. Le m^deciu ne peut arriver aux succes qu'ipres des etudes longues, ardues et souvent bien peiiibles. La saut^ du jeune Trudel deja affaiblie par ses etudes dassiques ne dut pas se fortilier duraut son ccurs d'etudes m^dicales. A I'Ecole de Medecine comme partout ailleur.s, il sut se faire aimer de ses confreres ; la aussi sestaleuts brilliireiit. Dans les rares instants de loisir que lui donnait la vie d'etudiant au medecine, il aimait a se livrer a la litterature. Nous avons eu le plaisir d'admirer plusieurs de ses dcrits. Apres avoir fini sa cldricature, il se presenta jx)ur etre admis i I'etude de la medecine. II passa ses examens devant les professeurs do la faeultd de m^e- cine de rUnivorsitJ Victoria, avec un brilliant succes. II arrivait a peine d'uu voyage en Europe entrepris pour retablir sa sautd et continuer ses etudes medi- cales, lorsque la mort toujours impitoyable vint le moissonner a I'Sge de 22 auu. MONTREAL,— BIOaRAPIIICAL SKETCHES. 123 WILLIAM WOEKMAN. Perhaps no man deserves a public place in our biographical sketches better than Wni. AVorkman. lie has l)een one of our most prominent citizens for the long period of above 45 years and was selected as tlie only Canadian in all the Dominion the representative man in a beantiful Vol. of Uni- vereal Biography, publislied in New York, con- taining sketches of " Prominent Persons of the 10th century." j\Ir. Workman was born near Belfast, north of Ireland and came to Canada about the year 1S20, previously having spent three years of service with tiie Royal Engineers on the Irish Survey. lie was a young promising man when he made his debut in Jlontresd as assistant editor of the Cinimnt. His elder brother Dr. 13. Workman now of Toronto, was associated with him. Aban- doning journalism, he entered into the large establishment of Frotiiingham & Co., wiiere he soon commanded so much confidence and esteem that shortly after his entrance he was admitted partner and the name of the firm was then changed to what it is still styled to this day, ^' Frotiiing- ham & Workman." Tiiis firm has always been tlie largest establishment in the hardware business in Canada and its name is " familiar as household words," througiiout the length and breadth of the Dominion. Mr. Workman retired from the finn in 1S59 having made an ample fortune. In 1S49 he was elected President of the City Bank and continued till last year to hold this responsible office, when he resigned. He is the founder of the City and District Saving's Bank. He was the first President of the Bank and held the office for six coiLsecutive years. He received from the Bank officials a grand epergne and service of solid silver ]date. He has always been a Liberal in politics and was a strong supporter of the Lafontaine- Baldwin party. Having these views Mr. Work- man has often been brought into close relations with the French Canadians of this party, and the author can personally testify to the unfailing expressions of respect and esteem entertained by many leaders of the Liberal party towards Mr. Workman. In 1868 Mr. Workman was elected : to the high and honorable position of Mayor of Montreal, and for the next two years following he was re-elected by acclamation. During his term of office his house was always open, as his gener- ous hospitii'ity was always profusely dispensed to all stiangers who visited Montreal. During the office of Mayoralty Mr. Workman was twice honored with a public banquet in which all classes of the community joined. On the occasion of the second, and on his retirement from the office of Slayor, he was presented as a gift from the citizens with a magnificent diamond ring which cost SIOOO and two costly pieces of solid silver plate accom- panied by a most flattering address signed in behalf of the citizens and Coqioration by a Com- mittee composed of the most wealthy and most influential citizens of Montreal. The following names of the Committee show the esteem in which Mr. Workman was held by every shade of political opinion: C. J. Coursol, Mayor ; William Molson, L. H. Holton, M.P., M. P. Ryan, M.P., Louis Beaubien, M.P., E. P. Pomiuville, J. A Berthelot, S. Sup. C.T.; Stanley Bagg, C. A. Leblanc, Champion Brown, Henry Judali, Olivier Berthe- let, Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, M.P., Hon. Henry Staines, M.L.C., C. S. Clierrier, A. M. Delisle, P. S. JIurphy, H. Cottd, A. Bernard, L. J. Beli- veau, and Duncan McDonald. During the visit of his Royal Highness Prince Arthur to Montreal, Mr. AVorkman as JIayor received him when he landed and was the recipient of many thanks, Ac, from the Royal party during their sojourn in this city, and we have placed Mr. Workman's likeness, as he was taken by express wish of His Royal Highness, who ordered the photograph at Not- mau's, on the opposite page, in the robes of Mayor, not only as complimentary to Mr. Work- man but as a momento of the Prince's stay in Montreal. For some years Mr. Workman has been gradually retiring into private life- Death has thinned his family and he feels that during the remaining term of his allotted career, having done his duty to this his adopted country, he may now retire from the battle of life and let the man- tle of his intelligence, energy and scccess fall upon the shoulders of some other rising men. 124 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. L'HONORABLE DENIS BENJAMIN VIQEB. M. Viger cwt tit? a Montreal lo 19 Aoiit 1774. La mai.son qu'liiibitaient alor.-t 80ii pi^re et .sa luero est encore debout et so trouve i reiicoigiuire des rues St. Vincent et St. Paul. Elie est eonvurtie en magasin depuis longtctnps. M. Vigor aiiiiait ii ])arlor do M. I'abbe Curateau do la Blaiscrie, f'ondateur et premier dirocteur du college de St. Raphael. Apre.» avoir torniine se.s etudes, il no balan^a pas 8ur le choix d'une carriere : il eiitra coinme etudianl en droit dans I't^tudc de M. L. C. Fouclior, alors depute de la ville do Montrdal et Sullieiteur-General. Son premier ecrit j)arutcn 1792 dans la Gazette de Mont rial, journal qui dans la suite changea do languo en changeant de maitres : M. Viger defendait ses concitojens contre lours adversaires declares. II n'avait alors quo dix-liuit ans. Apres avoir tormine a Q'ldlxsc sous M. J. A. Panct BOS etudes de droit, il futadmis au barreaui Montreal lo 9 Mars 1799. Deja rendu populaire parmi les Cana- diens pour scs taleuts ot son ardour i prendre en mains lours inlerets, il fut porte i la Chainbre d'As- gembloo ])ar les electeurs dn quartier Guest de la ville do Montreal on 1808. La memo annee, son cousin, L. J. Paj)ineau, dlait elu par lo cointode Kent. C'etaient deux nobles intelligences qui so lovaient ensemble i\, I'horizon do la patrie : c'etaient deux mains pui.ssautos qui venaient au secours de la iiberte menaceo. Sous I'iulniinistration du Gouvorneur Craig, il fut sur le point d'etre incarcere: neanmoins, il tut reelu en 1810. 11 ropresenta dopuis cotto derniere date jusqu'a 1814 lo comte de Loinstor, puis colui de Kent de 1816 a 1830. Lors de la guerre de 1812, la jalousie ossaj-a un instant d'atl'aiblir le prestige po])ulairo de M. Viger a pi-opos du soulovoment de Lachino, et le fit accu.ser d'un acte de deloyaute ttont n'eut ])as do peine i se laver cet liomme chez qui I'entliousiasme de la libortd ii'altera jamais les notions du premier dcs devoirs d'un citoyen. L'Acto de 1791 donnait au Bas-Canada des institu- tions libres et un Parlcment. En 1828, M. Viger fut choisi avoc MM. Neilson et Cuvillier pour ]H)rter on Angleterro les adrosscs du pouplo Canadien, exjiosant sos griefs contre I'adiuinis- tration du gouvorneur Dalhousie. Cos rejiresentations etaient couvertes de 80,000 signature: La mission dea agents Canadiei . qui coineida avoc une d-marche semblable adoptdo par le llaut-Caiiada, cut pour rdeultat le rapjjel de lord Dalhousio et un rai)port du comitd de la Chambre des Communes favorable au Bas-Canada sur un grand nombrode points. Nommd a la Chanabre-llaute par sir Janios Kempt, en 1830, M. Viger prit son sidge I'annde suivante a I'ouverture du 14e Parlement. La Chambre d'Assom- blde out encore besoin de ses services et le chargea cette memo anude d'aller soutenir, aupr^ des minis- tres Anglais, les accusations qu'ello jwrtait contre le ])rocureur-gdiidral Stuart. Celui-ci I'j-suivit. Apres deux anneesde lutte, dit M. Bibaud, jeune, M. Vigor gagna sa cause contre co terrible aclvorsaire qui fit une ddfense d'un volume in-folio qu'il i'allut refuter ligne ))ar lignc. Lord Godprich, niinislre des colonies, condamna et dostitua M. Stuart. M. Vigor, i)ar sos principes, ne pouvait prendre aucune p.»rt aux dvdnements do 1837 ot 1838; il ne pouvait approuvor qu'on sortit de la logalitd ot outre j)as.sSt les bornes de ddfonse que la Constitution nous mettait entre les mains. Co malheureux coup de fete ne ]>ouvait quo servir do prdtexto 4, coux qui, depuis 1821, voulaient I'Union des deux Provinces; ot on eft'ot, cet acte fut consommd en 1841. Neanmoins, on arreta M. Vigor tout-a-coup, lo 4 Ddcembre 1838; il fut jetd en prison sans avoir ]>u api)rondre la cause do son arrestation. Ses ])apior8 furont bouleversds ; on en emporta une partie a tin de ddcouvrir quelque chose qui piit lo compremett'-e : on no trouva rien. Les Commissairos charges do s'onqudrirdo la situa- tion dos ddtonus pour can.sos politiquos lui firent I'ort'ro de sa Iiberte, moyennant un fort cautionnement de bonne conduito: M. Viger pear toute rdjwnse doman- dason proces. En 1844, il dtait appeld par Lord Metcalfe pour former le ministdro qui remplaga celui de M. Lafbn- taine; il s'iidjoignit entro autres M. Draper, aujour- d'hui Juge en-Chef du H.-C, M. Dal^-, ci-devant Gou- vorneur do I'lsle du Prince-Pklouard, et I'hon. Denis Benjamin Papineau, son cousin et frore de I'orateur. M. Vigor continua de sidger au Coimoil Jidgislatif, oil il avait dtd appeld aprds sa rdsignation, jusqu'a eo que son grand iige lui rendit impossible de so rendre au sidge du gouvernement. M. Vigor est le jioro do !a presse Canadienne a Montrdaf; il fonda le Spedateiir, qu'il redigea en grande partie; il a]i])uya ile sa fortune les fragilos conimencenients do la Minerve, inaugurdo par M. A. N. Morin, son diove; et mitsa collaboration au service de toutos les belles causes. 11 fonda plus tard V Aurore dfs Camulds ; a ]>lusicurs re])r>scs, il aida les efforts do M. Ludger j)Hvernay, jiroprietaire de la Minerve, et no resta dtranger ii aucune cntrcprisc sdrieuse do joiirnalisnie. 11 fut I'un des fondatours de YOrdre ai encouragoa puissamment V Echo du Cabinet de Lec- ttn'o et cette belle institution litteraire et catholique. Conime le dit avoc raison I'historien biographe Bibaud, M. Viger a etc le Mecene do iilusieurs jeuiii's litldrateura. Plein do gdndrositd et de charitd chrdtienne, M. Viger a de tout temps versd dans le sein dos pauvres le superflu de sa grande fortune ; il donnait ainsi aux bonnes oeuvres co que d'autres auraientdonnd au lu.xe et au fa.sto. L'llon. Viger s'est eteint do vieillesse treizo Fdvrier 18G1, a I'age de 86 ans six mois moins six jours- Sa mort a dte cello d'un vr«i chretien. '^ MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 125 SIMON VALOIS. The tblloKing iiolifo ol' tlic Milijoct of this nkotch in takon from tho coluiniis of •• I'Ki lio ilii CnMiiol do Loftiiro Furoissinl," ill the tiiiio of his dcalh. ^oiisavons a aniioncor a nos iodours la inort (i'un ohrotion cxoiiH)laire ■' n rcsjioctablo eitoyon, (jui a oiiiHi'la paroissc (loAiuiiir^al jiai' sa (lioto, isos vorlus et (*es hoiincs a>ii\ To.s. 11 est lioii cl salulaiiv do con server lo souvenir do pareilU's existoiicos; nous avons done ehert'ho a reciieiliirtiuoliiiu's details ol nous don- noiis de plusles ])aroles do rei^ret el do |)iete([iu> M'j;r do Moiitival a ])roiioneik>s aux ol)se(|iios, devaiit la iioinhreuso assiHlaiico ()ui ontonrait le corps dii ro. gretto defuiit. M, Simon ValoimStait no on n'.H.a la Poiiilo Claire, d'lino ])ieiiso ot ancieiine fainille Caiiadionne ; il avail re(,"ii, bioii jeune, des |)rinoi|ios do Ibi ol do uonduilc qui no soHont rjaiuaisdeuionlis ; entin il elaitdouod'uno inlelligeneo ot d'an(> aptitude pour les atlaires doul il a donne dos i)renv' ;■■. reiuanpiaMes, el signalocs ''(ins- tainnienl ])ar losut ics. ]l vint, ,1 1'agodo !2iin»,dflns la villodo Montreal el il eiiira d'ahord coiniuo eomniis die/, uu coniinercant, oil ilsoniit on jieu de temps au courant do.s allairo induslriolles. l>cs le couiincMco- meiit oil ])Ut renianjuer ipi'ii joignait a uu earacWro pleiii do sagosso ot de inoderalion, uno oiiorgio ot nil espril d'entreprise nui le lancereul encore jeuiio dans des sjk'culatious inipoi'laiili^s. II so mil a la tele d'uno taiiiiorio qu'il aduiiuistra avec taut do wigosso ot d'aclivile, tpril put so retirer du conimorce, en 1S,'!7 avec uno fortune assezconsidcraMe. Cost Hlors qu'il alia logor au ried-du ("ourani, a cetto jolie dcmoure, Bitueo daus uno dos jilti.s belles positions des environs do la ville, siir les bonis du tleuve, en faco do ee beau point de vuo que juesento en cot eiidroit la largcur du tleuve, Tile Sle lleleneet les beaux horisons do la rive du slid. Kidi^le a sea habitudes de i>iete et iroccuiialiou. il donna loiijotirs rcxeiuple aux pieux Cougregunislcs ; enfin, il s'oceiipa a adiuinislrer sageuienl sa fortune iioii pas dans le but de laisser a ses onfaiits, qu'il die rissiiil, les nioyens do mi livrer a dos dei>oimo8 values ot iiuiliies, iiiais dans I'espoir, surtoul, qu'iis riiuile- raiontdaiiB la pratique des bonnes 5al a pontitit*, lissiste d'liu iioiubreux elergd, ol oiitouro d'uno immense assistance. (irsico aux soins des ?(i>urs, et au /.de du Ills du ilefunt, .M Tabbi'' \. Valois, I'egliseelail pioiiseiueul et admir.'ibleiuout dccoree. Nous avons vu rareiiient un tol ensemble ({ui pfttdonner I'idoe de la :^raiideuret do ''impression piofondo iles ceremonies funebres Idles quo los a dis[)osees I'l'lglisi-. Toiiles les lenetres illaioiit volumes et loud lies do drapei-ies sur le.squdles so (iessinaient des eroix d'or entources d'orneiuenls, I. a ciunidio du temple etail revclue d'uno lendiro de vlours noir, decoupco en lar^es tcsloiis hordes do jilusieurs rangs do galoiis, ol ornee de lariiies et de.s embleiiies do la inort, lo tout en or sur fond noir ; les colonnes elaieut ilrapces de noir el dc larines ainsi que lediuMir el I'aiitel, tandis du'uii conlon d(> liiniicres faisaiit lo tourde I'eglise, rtuiiplaeail la iumiereiiu jour par line b'.niic^re plus douce et plus brillante, el relevait la gravilc el la ridies.se di' celle orncnu'iilaliou gene- rale. Au milieu do I'cgliso cm voyail U' mau^ole^^;\ plitsiours degres siireharges do Ham beaux ot de ciorges (|ii I'aisaienl res|)iendir la net', et en memo temps en brfiiant, lemb.iumaienl de la plus d(Mice odour , aux aiigles,(piatre iiiiinoiisose.andelabros etaieni surmontes de tlamiiu"s; entin un Ires beau drap, complclcmenl brode en or, recoiivrail leeercueilel ri"lombail i\ longs plis sur les tiogiH''s. Mgr. I'evequo do .Montreal, ainsi que ,ses assislanis, elaieut roveliis dos ornemoiits los plus riches en velours enticromcnl Iii-chIi's d'or. Los assislanis el;iieiit Mgr. Vinel, le liev. M. Cbabot, l{ev. IVre Vignon, M. (liband, S. 8., To lU^v. M. Le.sage, cure do St. Valenlin. IM, I'abbe V^alois juvsidait iV tout I'lirdre do I'eglise el aux ecieinonies, avec uno ]iiele ol uno attention delicate jiour diacune des ]>ersonnes assislanleS| qui a L^ur do- mando k parlor dovant une ame qui avail tant de titres A notre estimc et a notro affection, et cette louange nous la renfermons dans co mot quo lo grand St. Ambroiso a profcie en parlant d'un pcrsonnago dmi- nont do son tomps, rcmpereur Thdodoso, done il ve- nait d'apjirondro la perto, il dit cos paroles si breves mais si exprossivos : Dilexi u/rum, j'ai aime cot liom- mo. Quo CO mot renferme do ehosos, ot que no dit-il pas, quand un eve(iue conimo St. Ambroiso declai-e ainsi Tostimo, la consideration, toutlo sentiment quo renferme I'amour ! Que no dit pas un tel mot, (pie de louangos il renferme ! Or, jo i)uis I'appiquor ausai 4 colui que nous vonons do prdro ; oui, moj aussi, je I'ai aime cot hommo, j'ai aime colui que nous pleu- rons, je I'ai aimd et j'etais rempli de toute rcstime et de toute la symjiathie, que renferme cetto parole, Dilexi virum ; jo I'ai aime pour tout ce que je con- naissais on lui, jKuir tout ce que je savais de sa pietd, de sa jirobite, de son ddvouoment a Dieu, a sos freres, a toute I'Eglise, Dilexi virum. "Jo I'ai aimd d'abord a cause de son amour pour Dieu ot do sa piete et aussi a cause de son esprit do justice et de probite vis-a-vis de ses freres ; co n'est pas une vaine louange qu'on lui a adressee par ces j)aroles, Mr simplex et rectus, placeos sur son corcuoil ; il savait comprendre et pratiquer tous cos devoirs qui font I'bommo droit ; il a etc bon fils, plus tard ils'est montrc bon dpoux, bon pore, bon citoyon et aussi bon cbrelien. Do memo qu'il aimait son ])ieu, sa famdic, il aimait la justice, il n'a jamais voulu faire do tort a person no, et il a cliercbe a faire du bien a, tout lo mondc. On no pout pas dire qii'il se soit ou- riclii aux dcpons du procliain, il etait probe, honnete dans les all'ai res; on no pout pas dire non plus qu'il ait jamais trntique do son bien il des taux usuraires; entin on no pout pas dire qu'il n'ait pas rendu a chacun co qui lui appartonait. Bien plus, il etait doux dans sa justice avec lo prochain ; il no reclamait lui-mome ce qui lui etait dii qu'avec moderation ; on n'a pas entendu dire que les (ribunaux aieut jamais retenii do poursuitos intentdos parluicontro ceux qui no pouvaient satisfaire a lours obligations, c'ost liL une promit^re louange qu'on pent done justement lui appliquer, Vir simplex et rectus. Mais ce n'est pas tout, il no s'est pas seuloment abatenu du mal, il a accompli de graudes a?uvre8, ot la grande fortune qu'il avaitacquischonnetomont, il a voulu I'employer aux fius les plus dignos et les plus honorables. II n'a pas songe 4 la consumer en vainos ddponses ot aux satisfactions dc I'orgueil et des sens, il en a fait un bien plus excellent omploi. II en a fait un bommage a Dieu et a sos freres ; il a d'abord bati un temple au Dieu vivant ot uno maison de prieres, ot c'ost co quo Ton a pu justement indiquer pai" ces autres paroles placeos aussi sur see restos. Dom-iis Dei adlficator. Lui qui avait tout rciju de Dieu, il n'a pas voulu sortir de CO nionde sans biitir une domeuro a son Dieu ; il lui aedific une domeuro, ct c'ost 14 qu'il va etre enseveli, cette maison qu'il a dievee sera son asile. Domus Dei aedificator. Cetto eglise ost bien bello, cette commu- nautd qui I'environne est magnitiqucment pourvuo, c'esta lui qu'on le doit, c'ost son ceuvro; de plus il a voulu aussi s'acquittor de sos devoirs vis-i-vis de ses concitoj-ens et il a liiit les plus grands sacrifices pour r6pandro on ce pays lo bionfait de I'oducation ; et quel MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 127 plus grand bienfaitquecelui de I'education ehrtJtienne, etablie parlui once pays et repanduo par suite doses soins ii dos pays lointains ? II a done compris qu'il devait partagor avec ses frercs les biens que Dion liii avait accordes, etc'est co qu'il a fait aniplenient en rt?pundant par de grandes largesses I'un des plus grands bienfaits, de maniere ;\ nieriter reellement cette autre louange qu'on lui adresso : Benefactor Maytn'ficus. Et en otfet, n'est-ce pas un bien excellent que celui-l;\ ? HepanJre I'education cbrdtienne, elever do jeunos en. fanta, les aider i se former et i se reniplir de bons sen- timents, les preparer pour I'avantago du pays, travailler ainsi a constituer nos families chr^tienneji, quel plus grand bienfait ? Or, c'ost co qu'il a accompli, et comme je le disais en commongant, il ne I'a pas accompli seulement pour co pays, il I'a ^teiidu au loin en ditferentes contr^es lointaines, oik il a fait connaitre par ses largesses le noni Canadien ; il a done arbore la connaissanco de noti-e paj's au loin sur des terres dtrangeres on y plantant I'otendard sacru do I'oducation ciu-^tienno ; pour toutcs ses vortua et pour tant do bonnes oeuvros, je puis done bien diro ([ue jo I'ainiais cet homnie, pour I'oxomple qu'il nous donnait, la gloire qu'il rendaiti\ Dieu, les bienfaits qu'il r^pandait sur ses frtiros, la gloiro qu'il attirait sur son pays, Dilexi virum. " Mais si je I'aimais et si jo pense aussi quo l>iou I'a aim^, ntJanmoins les justices divines sont telles, et la saintet^ de Dieu est si grande, (pio nous ne devons pas noas contenter do rodire les bonnes tsuvres du dt'finit, mais nous dovons jiricr pour lui, ot rcpi'tor encore ces paroles qui out ete aussi inscrites sur son tonibeau : Requlescat in Pace. " Oui, Messieurs, nous alloim raccompagnor a sa derniire demoure ot tlans les instants que nous allons passer encore j)ri^s do lui, ne nogligci>ns j>as de prior pour lui ; c'est un devoir a remplir, c'ost pour cela qui nous soninies vonus-ici, ne manquons ])as de raccomplir. La |>riore est necessairo aux rimes des dofunts ainsi quo le saiut Sacritice. Sans doute (|ue lui memo a bien prie pendant sa vie. Coux (jui I'ont connu en ont ete t^moins ; on admirait avoc (|ucl recueillement il priait, quand il venait on pnrticulier ici dans ce sunctuaire, au pied de cos saints autels , de plus, bien des Sraos sont appeli-esa prior pour liii ; ici dans cette maison, qui est la maison de la priore, (Hii a ete <-Ioveo par ses soins, il se fera bien des priores, il s'en fera aussi au loin dans cos pieux asilos (pi'll a si puissammont aides ; mais coinnie aueune taciio ne doit roster dans uno amo et (lue ricn do souiiii' ne ]ieut entrer dans le royaumc des cieux, joignez-vous aussi a ces priores, interesse/.-vous au bonheurdo cei)ieiix defunt. II est vrai aussi (lu'outro les i)rleres qu'il a faites, il a aussi otfert bien des sacrifices ijui sont bien utiles en ee moment a son Tune ; ainsi il a sacritice st-s biens, ot cet heritage ([u'll a amasse, il I'a laissea de dignes onfants qui reniploii'roiit a son excniplo en pieux sacritices; il est vrai aussi (ju'il a otlert un grand sacrifice a Dieu lors(pi'il lui adoiinc son fils : oti cela i! a accompli un grand sacritice. II ainiuit son fils, c'etait son fils unii[iie, il jiouvait de>irer do lui voir perpetuer son nom, il jiouvail es]icrer qu'il occtiperait une position brillante dans le mondo, et (|ue grace aux biens qu'il dovait lui laisscr, grace a sos licu- rousesqualite, il pouvaitdans lo mondo reussir coninio bien d'autros; mais non, quand il I'a vu se diriger par SOS inclinations vers des fonctions saintos, il n'a pas fait conimo tant d'autros pores tiui no voiidraient pas sacrifior lours fils; il ne I'a pas arrctc, mais il a favorise sa vocation sainte par sa soumission a la volonte divine ot parlous ses vceux ; il a renonc(5;\ porpctuer .son noni sur cette terro, il s'est contento du nom que IMcn devait inscrire dans lo ciel ; je jjuis lui rondro cc teinoignage. Ah ! Messieurs, si vous I'avie/, vu le jour oil son fils s'est consacro, avec quel bouhciir ii a accom|)li ce sacrifice, avoc qiieiie eiriisjcin ile neiir il I'a donnea lUeu ! vous aiiricz pii comprciidro coniliicii cette oblation si volontaire devait C-Iro agreable an Seigneur; mais lu'aiimoins, avec tant do nu'rites, oui cette ame si excellente doit etre accoinjiagiu'o do vos prieres, pour <|uellepuisso efrefavorablement acciieil- lie, pour (pie le t^eiguenr la coiironne, pour agiie;'i sa dornieio demoure, laiuiis que tons les cu'iirs rcpclaient ces paroles de la charitcetdo rcspeiaiico chiflieinies : : Jicquiesrat In /'((V. - 128 MONTREAL,— BIOG R APIIICAL SKETCHES. WILLIAM WEIR. This well known financier and politicfil econo- mist was born at Greenden, near Brechin, Scot- land, on the 2Stl) Octol)er, 182-S, and came to Canada in 1S4i. llaviiiji Hni.shed his studies at St. Th(''r('se College in I'^i-j, lie shortly afterwards settled in Montreal, wliere he has since resided with the exception of thice years (from ISoC) to 1S;')9) which he spent in Toronto. Mr. Weir first i)ecanie known ns a writer in 18-57, when lie coinnienced tlie [iiihliciition of the Canmlian BLcrchcoifs' ]\Ite for ]\IcLear's Ahiiansc a short historj' of Canadian banks and banking, ami a paper on the necessity of inaiiufiictures to Canada's pennanent prosperity, read before the Toronto Canadian Institute. Next year he wrote for McLear's Almanac an essay on the mutual relations of agriculture and manufactures. In ISf)!) Mr. Weir submitted to tlie Government, and afterwards publisiied in liis Magazine, a plan for the more speedy settlement of onr wild lands. " Tlie extension of railroads," lie wrote, " demands a change in our emigration policy, if we wish to retain either the i'migraiits or the sons of our own farmers and laborers. Neitlit r will remain to endure for long years the hardships and privations of the early busii settlers, now that l)y a two daya' journev they I'aii I'eaili the Western prairies and at once put in the phiw." lie proposed to raise a large loan for the purpose of settling the liack townships, to Illlike roads, build bridges, clear a j)ortion of eacii farm, erect a house and barn tiiero- on, and to sell the iiirnis for the cost of improve- Tiients on easv terms. His suggestions have sine<< to some extent been carrieil out, but not on the large scale which he considered necessary to success. Mr. Weir's etforts to ailvanco the manufacturing intt'rests of Canada are well known. At his sug- gestion and largely 'ln\ ugh his exertions the great Convention of mitiiiiliicturers was convtnied at Toronto in 1858. « *f this Convention Mr. Weir was Secretary, and he held the same position in the "Association fi>r the Promotion of Canadian Industry, " then formed. This Society embraced among its members many jirominent Members of Parliament, and its intlueiice and exertions secured those changes in the tariti" which laid the founda- tion of Canada's muimfacturing prosperity. So much, howevor, was public opinion opposed at the outset to the proposed changes, that, in order to explain the views uf the Association, he published for nearly a year a weekly newspaper, if is recent writings have been chietly on financial questions, and include an elaborate article on the resumption of specie payments by the United States. AVe have yet to refer to Mr. Weir's greatest work, namely, liis successful efibrt to effect the removal of the "SO\er Nuisance." The suspen- sion of specie payments by the United States in 1862 caused a large influx into Canada of Ameri- can silver coin, which, passing current in retail transactions antl in payment of wages, but not being bankable, caused great loss and inconve- nience to the public, who had daily to carry nearly all their receipts to the brokers to be sold at a discount for bankable funds. For nearly two years Mr. Weir urged upon the Government the importance of removing the evil. He exported during the same period about one million of dollars, and the Government at his suggestion exported a sinnlar amount, having previously prohibited its importation. Having in vain urged the Govern- ment to continue the shipments, he attempted in 1809 to export two millions more, but the attempt fell through for want of adequate sup[>ort. He, however, again resumed exporting shortly aft»'r- wards and early in 1870, (the Hon. Sir Francis Hincks having become Finince Jlinister,) Mr. Weir succeeded in obtaining ide aid of the Govern- ment to remove the whole depreciated coin from circulation. He contracted with the Government to etlect its removal, and carried through that great work with complete success. Five millions of dollars were exported inider that arrangement between March and July, 1870, at a cost to the Dominion Exchequer of 8118,000. Seventy banks and bank agencies assisted in the work, the shipments being mc.de from every |)lace of impor- tance between Sarnia andC^uebec. The coin was purchased at five, five iind one half, and six per cent, discount, Init only for half and ipiarter dollar pieces, 'i'hf^ smaller coins to the i-xtent of half a million dollars were purchased and exported by Mr. Weir at his own risk, making the total amount exported by him over setrn millions of (lollars. Among the local enterprises in which Mr. Weir has taken an interest, it may be mentioned that tlu! recent opening of Western Avenue is largely due to his exertions to secure a grand western entrance into the city. Mr. Weir married in 1849 a daughter of the late John Somerville, Esq., of Chatham, and has five sons living and one son and one daughter deceased. Ills two elder sons, William Henry and SomervilU' are with him in the l)usiness and totheni is due the credit of performing the onerous t)lfice work connected with removing the American silver. MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 129 HON. CHARLES WILSON. Is tlie sixth soil of the late Alexander Wilsoii, Esq., Collector of Customs at Coteau tin Lac. His mother was a daughter of Captain Monteith il'Aillebont, a gentleman who he'ld a connnissioii in the French Army, but also, after the capitula- tion of Can:)da to General Anilierst after tht; death of Wolfe, in 1759 entered the English service instead of returning to France according to the terms of the capitulation. Tiie Hon. gentleman was born at Cuteau uu Lac, April, ISOS. In IS3S lie married the sister of the late Dr. Tracj' of Montreal. He was the head of one of the largest firms in the city engaged in the hardware busines^s the house having been begun by liim in 183-1. lit! is also a Director of the Scottish Provincial Assurance Co. In ISol he was elected Mayor of Montreal by acclamation when the people received the right of election, and in lSo-2 and IS;").'] iiad again the high honor of being chosen by acclannition to the higliestoilicialofticeof the city. He wa.s created in lSo4 a Chevalier Commnndcnr of the Roman Order of St. Gregory the Great. He sat as a life ni(;nd)er of the Legislative Coun- cil of Canada from 1S-'J2 until the Union of the Provinces in 18(57 and in May 1SG7 by Royal Proclamation he was called to the high honor of representing the Rigaud Division in the Senate of the Dominion oi' Canada. The Hon. gentleman has always been a Conservative. 130 JIONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JONATHAN S. C. WURTELE, U.C, Was born at QiR'ljer, 27 tli January, 1S2S. His fatluir was Jonatlian Wurtt'le, St'igiiior of Kiver David, anil liis niotlier Louisa Soj^thiu Campbell, of a family well i\iiown in Quebec. His [taternal ancestors came from Strniiifelbaiili, a village in Wurtenibnrg, distant a few miles from Stuttgart, and they can be traced np in the church records to Io-jO. When he was an infant his father removed his family to Kiver David, in tlie county of Yamaska, « where he spent his youth. He was educated partly at the (Quebec classical school, and High School, which was then conducted by the Reverend \ Francis Lundy, D.C.L., and partly at home by a private tutor, Frederick B. Calvert, ]i A., Aber- deen ; He owes his French education to Mr. La- bont<;, the then worthy village schoolmaster of River David. He studied law at Quebec under the Honor- able Jean Cliabot, ]\LP.l', for Quel>ec, and alter- wards a judge of the Superior Court, and was called to the liar of Lower Canada on the Gth August, l&5(). Shortly after he was offered a partnership by Henry Judali, Q.C., and practised with him at Montreal, until 1S52, vhen the Trust and Loan Company of Canada agreed to advance S4()0,()()0, to the sutlerers by the great fuc, and ^\v. Judali, was ajuiointed the solicitor and ]\Ir. Wurtelc the agent of the Company. He remained in this otlice \ until 1S5G when family aliiiirs comitelled him to re- move to River David where he resided until ISG:*. During his residence at River David he was mayor of the jjarish, president of the School Com mission, a J. P. and Connuissiouer of small causes. He returned to Montreal in ls(i2, and was em- ployed as chief clerk in the Seigniorial Commis- sion, of which Henry Juduh, Q.C., was the chief conunissioner, until ISOlJ. He was then associated by the Honorable J. J. C. Abbott, Q.C, in his linn, and practised with him until ISds, when he formed his present part- nership with Frederick T.Judah. He was ap[ioiiitcd a Queen's Counsel, 2S Janu- ary, IS73. His firm witii which Athanase Brauchaud, P..C.L. is now a.ssociated, is the solicitor of the Trust and Loan Company of Canada, the largest landed credit institution in the Dominion. Mr. Wurtele was appointed a lecturer on Com- mercial Law in Mctiill University in ISd?, and re- ceived the degree of B.C.L. in 1870 ; in 1871, he was a[>pointed associate professor of Commercial Law, with the H<>iiora!)le .1. J. C. Abbott, whose professional eiigagenients interfered with his lec- tures. At the time of the agitation for the abolition of the Seigniorial tenure Mr. AVurtele was ap[)ointed secretary of the association of seigniors tbrnied fur co-operation to secure a fair iudeuuiity, and lie acted with Louis J. A. Papiueau and tlie late Colonel T. E. Campbell, C.B., and the late Honor- able John Pangman as the executive connnittee of the association. They employed as counsel on behalf of the seigniors belort; the Legislature, Jfr. Justice Dunkin and Mr. Justice Ramsay, am! tlu'ougli the etlijrts of these gentlemen and their own exertions, the bill before the Legislature to which they took exception was modified and the Seigniorial Act of 1854 which does justice to both seigniors and **bensitaires, was passed. Subse- (|ueiilly they retained and secured the services of tiu' two above named genth'nien together with ('. S Cherrier, Q.C, and 'Sh: Justice JIcKay, as coun- sel for the seigniors before the Seigniorial Court. Mr. Wurtele is the last Lower Canadian seignior who rendered li'alty and homage; having done so on the :ird KeJiruMry l^'»t, between the hands of His Kxcellency Lieut. -(jeneral Rowan, adminis- trator of the Government, and his act closes tlic register of fealty and homage for Lower Canada. Mr. WtMtele was married twice; the first time on tlie 7lh .ramiary, Isol, to Julia Nelson, daugii- ter of the late Dr. Wolfred Nelson, and the second time on the 1st June 1^7-), to Mrs. Sarah O'Brien, daughter of the late ThoTuas Ibanill' of New Brighton, Staten Island N.V. M( )NTia:AL,— lilorjlJAPIIICAL SKETCHES. 131 LES ZOUAVES PONTIFICAUX. L UNION AliLET. Si nous etions soldats, ici, nous viondrioris an Port d'iirmos et nous saluerions, car, lo };roiipc quo nous pn'sentons ii nos lecteurs porsonnitio, par son uni- i'ormo, le couraLre ilans I'actujn, ie devoucinont duns le dan^^er et la tidelito dans Ic mallu'ur. A lour rot'iur do Ronio, a]>r(;s la prise do la ville Kternollc, pai' los troujiosdo Victor Enimaniiol, lo 20 Ho|)toniljrc, 1870, les Zouavos Canadions, lieurouse- niont rapatrit's so torniorent on association do bicnt'ai- saiice, a Montri'al. Cos nolilesjounos f;ens, choisirent pour noni patro- ii}nii(iuo do lour socioto, lo glorioux norn du Colonol Allot, comniandiint dc lour beau Keginient, atin do ])orpi;luor en Canada los souvenirs si diers qu'ils rap])ortaionl d'llalio. Co nionveniont a^ant pris naissancect s'(5tantdeve- li)p|io a ^Montreal, nous lo consiilerons connnc tout a liiit lie al'liistoiro de cetto villo ot comino uiio do ses u'uvros, c'ost p{)ur(|Uoi nous alloiis esquisser a j,'rands traits, los ](riMci]i.'ilos jdiasos do I'liistoiro du Rej^inient dos Zouavos Fontilicanx, dojjuis sa creation, jusqu'au ia|iatrionioiit dos oat'atits quo lo Canada avait en- voyos a Konir, jioiir la dt'tonso du pouvoir teniporel. En 18U0, au milieu du rofroidisseinont des anies, deux foyers rostaiont ardonts ; d'un colo, i'JIglise tou- jours jouno ct vivace nialgro los faililossos de ses en- t'ants, de I'autre la Kovolulion, implacable adversaire de la vorito clirelienne, ct spociulenioiit acharnue a la destruction du Saint Siege. L'ltulio otait le champ do bataille seculaire de ces deux champions s^culaires. Le Piemont arinait a la s(jurdine etochelonnait sur los frontiercs, dos troupes anuerries. L'iU'nit'e du Saint Poreconiplait environ (!,0()0 lioninies mal arnios, niai disciplines et docouragcs jiar I'uvacuation dos Hoinagnes. Mgr. do Monxlo Tut charge d'olfrir lo corninandenient de cetto poigiieo owr ledefendro, il n'y a qu'une chose a fairc, y allor," ot il parlit. II arriva a Uoine le o Avril et a|ires avoir re(;u les ])leins pouvoirs du Saint Pero, I-aMoricioro so mil a I'auvre. 11 fut (lecido (juo rurinoo sorait porteo a 25,000 Iioninies et leseiu'olemenlscotnmoncorenta I'et ranger. L'Autriciie, I'lrlande, la France et la Bolgii|ue cn- vo^'oront les premiers conliiigcnts. Los Volontairos f'rangais se joigniront aux IJelges et fornxurent lo domi- bataillon de Franco-Beiges (jui est devonu le noyau des Zouavos. Un vaillant ca])itainodo rarmoo fran- _^aise, M. de Bec-de-Liovre on ])rit le commandeniont ; c'otait un hoinnie rosolii, porsevorant ot capable do rompre cos jounes totes a la iliscipliue militaire. Les oonipagnios fnreiit conti<5es a d'anciens militaires fran- <;aib ou Belyos, parnii lesquols tigurait deja comnie M. de Cathelinoau arriva avoc un fort detachomont de croises, qui se fondiront avoc los Franco-Belgos'et prirent lo noni de Zouaves Pontiticuux, en souvenir dos Zouaves d'Afriipie <|uo LaMorici^i-o avait si sou- vent conduits a la victoiro. On connaissait les Zouaves d'Afriquosous lo nom do " Les diables d'Afriquo. Les nouveau.x soldats do LaMoricioro s'appolerent " les diables du bon Diou." Tout allait bion ot I'armde Pontificale coniptaitd(5ja pros do 18,000 homnios. II (5tait t^vidont ((ue, si la Kdvolution accoi-dait encore iiuolquos niois a LaMori- cioro, la proio qu'ello guettait allait Iui (?cliappor. Cialilini qui avait vu Xa|)oleon a Cbamliery et qui en avait obtenii I'autorisaticMi, onvahit los Etats Pon- titicaux avec 4.5,000 honimos do I'arnK^e Pieniontai.so et une flotto armee do (iOO canon.". LaMoi'iciero fut pris on traitre, sans t'tre jirevonu. Cost hX ce qu'on a si bien ajxpelo lo guot-aiiens do Castoltidardo, lo 18 Se])tenibi-o 18(i0. LaMoricioro ecra^e ))ar lo nonibro a Ancone, j)lus grand api'os ladelaiteque CiaMini a)ir,'-s lavictoire, so retira en France, laissant a rarnice Pontificale lo souvenir do sos grandos vertus militaires conimo exemplo. En 1802, los Ziiuavos Pontiticaux olaiotit devenus sous lo commandoment du Colonol Allot et du Lieu- tenant Colonel do Charelle. un niagnitiquo bataillon de 1500 zouaves, que beaucoup :«^rotto Murray, (puind nno nouveilo in- vasion cut'ttou, .sous le commandoment imniediat dp (rarib.dili, suivi d'une armee do gueusards quo Iui avaient liiurni los logos. Lo 3 Novemlire, 18()7, fut la journeo des eporons pour le general nwntrc-timdos. Api'os les glorieux faits d'»iiues do Subiaco, de Mi>nto Ijibroiti, do Ncrola, do Vnlontano, do Bagnoroa oil les Zouaves 50 couvriront de gloiro, Montana dovait voir lailcfaito comploto des Gak'ibalilions. Pans cotto journeo memorable, ou la revolution regut uu si rude echec, M.M. JIurray ct Larocquo -^ 132 MONTREAL,— BI< >GRAPIIICAL SKETCHES. liireiit hlossd.". La nouvello s'en ri5pamlit cii Can.'whi et enflamma le t'oura^e d'tin jj;ranil nonibre de jeuiies fjons. M. Gustavo Drolet partit lo ]ireniicr lo 27 Novenil>re, 18f)7, i)our Rome, MM. Dusilet, Prender- f^ast, Ilciiaiilt etTetusuivirenta la fin tie -Deccmbrc. .Lo braille etait ilonne. Toiito la jonnessc du ( anadactait inquiitc et rcijar- dait du cote do la villc Ktornellc avec anxicte. Tons auraiciit voulu partir, mais los reiiseigiiomentu iiiaii- quaient, lo voyage etait long, coQtoux et diflieilo. Devant les demandcs nombreuses qui arrivaiont do toutes parts, Mgr. Bourgot, eviMjuo do Montreal voulut prendre la direction ilu mouvement et dans uiio lottre pastorale admirable il a encouragea la nouvelle croi- sade. Un coniite permanent fut forme :\ Montr&il lo 2G Decembre, 1807, sous la Pre.sidonco du rogrette M. O. Bortlielet, oomposd do 10 citoyons avec MM. Kivard ot Royal commo secretaires. Au cri do ■' Diev le vnit,'' jete dans los paroissos ]iarles cures, dos ceiitaines. jxiis des inilliors do jeuncsgens s'ottrireiit spDiitanoiiient de toutes les ))arties du Canada. Le Coniile do Montreal organ isa un premier detache- mcnt compose de 137 Zouaver; Canadiens, qui ]>artirent do cette ville, le 18 Fevrier 186S, sous la direction de Mossiro Moroau, commo aumonierot de M. J. Taillefer commo commandant. Le passage do cos jeuiies croises reveilla la foi et excita rentliousiasme, tant aux Etats-Unis qu'cn France. Drapcau blanc en tete, iivec la devise " Aime Dicu ct va ton cheniin " brodee sur la sole, les Zouaves furent acclamiSs comme les champions de la plus sainto et de la ]ilus noble dos causes. Partout sur lour passage, a Piouon, Versailles Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Brest, les grands catlioliquos de Fi-ance, M.M. Keller, de Latour, deputes au corps Legislalifs, Louis Veuillot, Ozariani, Poussiolgue, Pas- cal, Benoit d'Azy, de Riancoy, Cliantrel, Lotli, dtc, Ac, s'omprosserent d'cntourer nos Zouaves des plus dolicates attentions ct de lour oti'rir une ho.spitaiite coniiale, franche et generouse. M. do la Prade, niombrc do I'Acaddmie Frangaisc lour dedia une Ode celebre a lour passage a Lyon. " Allcz votre chemin, Fran(;ais dii Xouveaii Monde, " Race lie nos aieux toutu conp riuiinirc, " AUez, laissant chez nous une trace feconde, " Oll'rir un noble sang, au Dicu quo vous aimez. A Marseille, M, Taillefer jiresida a rembarqucinent do .son detacliement a bord Ic Mciiziilchct sut y fiiire respecter son drapoau, memo par des (iaribaldiens. L'ari'iveo a Rome se til dans les circonstancos excep- tionolles. Tons les ofliciers des Zouaves, avec le corps de nuisique du Regiment, attemlaient a la garo. Le Koi et la Roino de Naples so Irouverent sur lour jiassagc pour les saluer. Mais CO qui fut surtoiit consolant jiour nos jeunoscsm- patriotes, ot qui les indemnisa graiuloment des fatigues et des dangers de lour long voyage, ee fut la d»;licate attention do Sa Saintetc, I'augusto Pie IX, qui se transporta a uno croisee du Vatican pour bcnir los Boldats-polorins, avant lour ontree dans la Basilique de St. Pierre. ■ Lo eoniite de Montival, pendant (juo le premier ddtaclienient manceuvraitsur los rives du Tibreetdans la Campagna Romana, avait boaucoup de bosogno a organiser de nouveauxdoimrts. Le 14 Mai 1868, sous la conduito do Mossire Mi- cliau , ))artit lo 2nd detacliement compose do 22 volontaires. Le Seme cli'tuclicnicnt, compose de 28 volontaires, las...a Montreal, le 23 Mai, 1808. Le 4iimo defrcliement, compose de 48 volontaires, laissa JL)nti-eai le 25 Juin, 18CS. Lo Some defacliement, compose de 95 volontaires, laissa Montreal, le 3(1 Seplombrc ISO'J. Le Ceme detacliement, compo.-e de 38 volontaires, partit Iel8 Aout, 1870- Le 7ome ot dernier detacliement qui ne put traver- ser la France, en guerre avec la Prusse, laissa Montreal le lerSeptenibre 1870; ce deti.cbement etait compose do 115 volontaires, ct passa 15 joii i-s ;i Le-neven pros de Brest, guettant inulilcinent une occasion favorable do pei'cer les lignes des armeen Franco-Prussiennes, pour se rendro a Rome. Si i com chiH'res on ajoiite les vingt (juatre Zouaves jiartis ti deliors des delachements, on arrive au ti)tal tie 50;^ volontaires, (|ue le Canada a , des Italiens. dos Anglais, des Irlandais, des Ecos.sai8 des Prussiens, des Portugais, des Maltais, des Ru.ssos et jusqii'atles Australiens. Parmi cos niercenaircs, suivant I'expression adoptee par los journau.x de la magnanime Italic, parmi cos mercenaires, dont cliat('iiilii'e rannee I'ii'iiioiitaisf travcisait les fVontieies, et le lendeiuain il jtaraissait 1(I,0(M) lioin- nies (levant Moiitetiaseone. Civita C'ii-stellana I'ut eiisiiile a.ssioiifi'e, jiuis Vilcrbe. Le colonel do Cliarette retraita avec ses liuit cents boiunies dovant le gros de I'arniee de Bixio. I'our la prcnjiere foisde ('liarettc retraitail. Cette retraite est aj)i-cs le siege de JJoine, revonenienl principal de la canipai^ne, et ]iar la pniur les transportei' a Liver- pool via (Jibrallar. Apres 14 Jours d'uiu? t.-aversee ali'reuse, Liverpool futsignale, et lescatlioliques de celte ville rivalisen'ut d'attcntions pour adoiu ir le sortde nos ent'ants. Lord Denbigh lc mar(juis do 15ute ie Lajor Blundell et lluy Sharpies etaient venus do Londres, au devant deux, so mettro a le'.:rrlis])osition. Le ly Octobre ils s'enibarqaient a Liverpool sur le Steamer " Idaho," jwiir New-York. Cctte ti-averseo tut plus peniblo et encore plus dangereuse ([uo la premiere. Pentlant la tempoto, une aiicreso detacliact vint avec un Iracas epouvantable, tomber au milieu d'eux, dans routrejioiit. Cette ancre fiit suivio d'enormes vagues qui s'engouffrercnt par cctte troueo, et I'aillirent iioyer nos braves Zouaves qui avaient de I'eau jusqu'au eou, dans cette prison noire, — il etait miiiuif. Entln, a travel's millo dangers ils arriv6rent u New York Ic 5 Novcmbreapros 17 jours do mer. Et lo londe- niain, cinquanto mille porsonnes ho prossaient aux abords de Notre Damt! do Montreal pour ombrasser, qui un tils, qui un fWire, tons des amis. Le jietit bataillon so dispersa aux quatre coins du Canada, so di.sant au levoir, a J{ome, et einportant avec eux la semence jetee dans letirs cfeurs par I'auguste Pic IX. Comnu; nous le disions en conimen^'ant cette notice hislori(pie, atin do per|)eliier les giorieu.x souvenirs de leui- Regiment, nos Zouaves so reunirent quelqiies teui|)s aprus leur retour et fbndorent L'Union Allot. M. Taillet'er, chevalier de Pie IX. de .^lanitoba, fut le pi-emier president general, M. (tustave .A. Drolet, do .^Ionlreal. en fut le second, M. Charles Paqiiot do Quebec, en fut le troisiemo, ol M. Geileon Desilet, che- valier de St. Gregoire le Grand, de Troi.s-Hiviercs est le titulaire actiiel de cette charge. Cette .societe, entr'autre but (pi'elle poursuit, est or- gan i.see en societede bienfaisanco et desecours mutucls el vient en aide a sos inembies necessiteux. Kile ne so compose que agiio qui s'ouvrait. Le gouvernement les remercia de cetle oti're patriotiqiie: alors plusieurs d'entr'eu.x joigni- rent individuelleinent des corps ditbM'onts. Apix's leur retour de Rome, les Zouaves deinand(5rent au dijpartcment de la Milice et de la dtit'enso, I'autori- sation de lever uii Rdgiment eomplol d'Infanterio legero, ott're qui fut dt^clin^e par le niinistre dc la Milice d'alors. Tout dcrni(3reincnt encore, MM. Drolet, Laroeque et Renaud, furent cliai'g(js par leiirs eainarades do tenter un nouvel etl'ort aupres du Gouvernement pour 134 MOrTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICiVL SKETCHES. ohtonir I'autorisJitior; do lever un Eegiment complet a Moiitreiil, ne mcttatit conime seulo condition a cette jn'oposition, quo la coupe de la tenue sorait colle de Zouave, ada])tt'e aux Queen's Regulations. Lc '.joiiverneineiit ])arut I'avorable a, cette domande, niais lo major gt'neial Smyth ayant cru devoir sou- iiu'ttrece projel aux autoi'ites niilituires Imperiales, oil Aiijrletcnc, ro(,'ut uiie reponse nenative jwur le moment, qu'il transmit aux ori;aiiHiateurs du n>ouve- nient en les informant (pi'il esperait que bientot, leur proposition .serait accejitee. 1ms Zouaves, dcpuis leur retour ont monti'e l)eauroup d'osprit de corps et ont donne licaucoup tie marques do leur profonde atf'cction pour les traditions do lour Rcyimeiit. De memo que leur conduite a <;te reinar- (pialile a Rome, on i-econnait avcc plaisir que dans toutes les positions qu"ils remplissent tant a Montreal qu'ailleurs, ils n'ont jamais deriif;c' et (pie lours cliefs ont toujours droit de s'lionoror de les avoir conimainies. Ils ont f()iale un cercle, i, Montreal dans la ruo Cotto, No. 81, sous le noni de " Le Casino dc Jrontreal," en souvenir do leur cercle do Koine, oii ils ont invite la jeunesse, n)03ennant une Icgere contribution, a par- tager leurs amusements et lours delassemonts une des anivrcs les plus consieorables do cottc soeiete ot qui prouve sa vitalite, est la puiilication d'unc Revue lleufruelle, " Le Bulletin UE L' Union allkt," qui a fait ba manque parmi la presso p^riodig\ie du pays par la solidity de ses ])rincipes, la oorrection de sos informations et les nomboeuses nouvelles de Rome qu'il donne a lui a sos lecteurs. C'est un vrai journal zouave. Nous Savons de source cortaino, qu'au point de vuo politique international, ce mouvement, ou plutot cette croisado vers Rome, de mis 500 jeunes Canadiens, tiaversant la France, rAnglelerro et ritalie, pour sorvir a cote de 25,(100 jeunes soldats vciius de toutos les parties de I'univcrs, co mouve- ment de Zouaves disionsnous, a coiitribuc beaucoujiii faire connaitre favorablemont lo ("ar.ada lran(;ais on Kurope. Ils ont agi individuellcnient conime aulant d'agents d'emigration. i.>efait, Leauconp de Beiges et de I'r.iucais sont arrives en Canada, les uns j)our revoir loui-s anciens compagnons d'arines, d'autres atiiros par la bonne lenonimco que les Zou.avcs Beiges ot Fraucais ont faitoaux L'ani"'iens, on jiarlant d'oux dans leurs )iays. Kn re-;umi..ii cetto analyse liistoriquo du niouvo- niontdes Zouaves, origintSa Moiitrc.il, et qui dui-a trois ans.nousne craignons jias d'allirmor, (piYi boaucoup de points do vue, les Zouaves ont ocrit une belle ]>age de I'liistoire du Ciinada, et quo la Fatrie a droit do compter sur oux dans I'occasiou et d'on ctre tiore toujours. LES JESUITES A MONTREAL. Fondi'o et dclinitivement orgnnihce en l.')40 par St. Iguace do Loyola, La Compaijnic de Jisus avait dcja dcpuis ])lus d'un siocle et demi envoye des mission- naires dans toutos les parties du mondc. L'Amo- rique en particulior , k niesuro qu'on y dccouvrait do nouveaux jiays, otait dovonue le theatre de leurs tra- vaux. Dtya leBresil, lo Perou, la Floriue, le Alexiquo, pre.sque tout le midi du Nouvoau Monde avait ou sos a|)otros, le Nord cut los siens a son tour. Kn mil, los Fores Fiorro Biard el Kdmond Masse vinront en Acadio s'iv.ssocier aux premiers dofricheurs de la Nouvelle Franco. Kn 1625, lours succossours, appolos par los I'oros J{ccollets pour ])arlager lours jK'niblos travaux, dobar- qucnt au [lied du rochoroncore solitaire de( 'hamj iairi, to y jotiont en H!35 les fondonients do leur College do (iucboc, oil I'clito do la jcunesso canadionno alia des lors se former a la science et ;i la vortu. L'anneoprtiCedente, 1G34, lo Fore Paul Lojeune avait fondo U!io residence dans la villo naissanto do Trois- Riviuros. Monti-eal ne dovait avoir son tour qu'on 1(!42, ceponur canadien. Uno dea plus ciSlobros missions do la Compagnic dc Jesus fut sanb coutrodit cello do la Nouvello France. EUe a fourni si Chateaubriand plusieurs pages admi- rables dans son Genie du Christ ianisme, et u Parkman la principale mati^re interessante de son ouvrage, The Jesuits in America. " Si la France, dit le premier, vit son empire s'etendre en Amerique par dola les rives du Meschacebe (Mis- sissippi) ; si ello conserva si longtemps le Canada contre les Iroquois et leurs allies, elle dutpresquetous ses succis aux Jesuites. Co furcnt eux qui sauverent la colonie au berceau, en pla(;ant pour boulevard devant elle un village de Hurons et d'Iroquois Chre- tiens, en pruf, les Lallemant, les Jogues, qui rechauttiSrent de leur sang les sillons glaces do la Nouvello Fi-ance. L'uistorien do cos temps priniitifs nousdecrit ainsi I'un de cos Missionnaires Jesuites de la Nouvello France. " Le Pure Daniel etait trop pros de Quebec pour no pas y fairo un tour avant do rcprendre lo chemin do sa mission II arriva au ]wvt dans un canot, I'aviron a la main, aecoinpagnee de trois ou ([uatrc sauvages, les pieds nus, opuise do force, uno chemise pourrio et uno soutane toutedechiree sur son corps dtVharno ; niais avec un visage content et charme de la vie qu'il menait, inspirantpar son airot ses discours I'envie d'aller ])artager avec lui los croix auxquollos le Seigneur attacliait taut il'onction." " llien n'elait plus a})OHtoli, [lie, " ajoute ailKuirs Charle- voix, " quo laviode cos nii.ssionnaii'eschez les Hurons. Tons leurs moments etaient comptes par quelquo action hdroique, par des conversions ou j)ar des souf- frances qu'ils regardaient conime de vrais dodom- magements lorsquo leurs travaux n'avaiont ])as pro- duit tout lo fruit dont ils s'etaient fli'ttiis. Depuis (juatro heuros du matin, moment do leur lover, lors- qu'ils n'dtaiont j)as on course, jus(ju'j"i huit heures, ils domeuraient ordinairenietit renferiut^ ; c'etait lo tomp:j do la pritire et lo seal cju'ils eussont libre pour 136 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. leurs exercises de piete. A liiiit henres ehacun allait ofi son devoir I'appelait, Ics una visitaient lesnialadcs, les aiitres suivaicnt dans leurs campagnes ceiix qui travaillaient ;i la culture do la tcrro, d'autres se trans- portaient dans les bourgades voisines, qui (Staiont des- tituees do pastenrs. Ces courses produisaicnt tou- jours plusieurs bons ettets ; car, en premier lieu il ne niourait point, ou il mourait bien peu d'enfants sans baptemc ; des adultcs niOincs, qui avaient refusd de se faire instruire tandis qu'ils ^talent en santd, so ren- daient dos qu'ils dtaicnt malades : ils ne pouvaicnt te!iir contrc rindustricuseet lonstantecharitede lours nitkloeins. " Co n'otait l;i que les moindrcs travaux de ces liommes evangoliques: tantot ils suivaiont les sau- vages dans dos chasses de plusieurs anncos, ct pendant losquelles ils dtaient obligos de manger jusqu'a leurs vetcinonts; tantot ils se trouvaient exposes aiix caprices do cos Indiens, qui, coinme des enfants ne savont jamais resistor a un mouvement de lour imagi- nation ou de leurs dosirs. Mais les missionnaires s'estimaient hcureux et r<5compenses de leurs peines, s'ils avaioiit, durant leurs longuos soufTrancos, acquit uno ame a Dion, ouvoil lo ciel a un enfant, souhige un malade, essuye les plours d'un inf'ortune. Le ciel, touclio de lours vcrlus, acconia a plusieurs d'entr'eux cetto ])almo(iu'ils avtiiont tant desiroo, ot qui les a fait mottro au rang dos aimtres. "Mais lo marlyrc dii I'ore do Brobiouf out plus d'eclat que celui tic touts les autres. Leslrofpiois connurent bion vitc qu'ils avaient aflairo a un liommc a qui ils n'auraiont pas le plaisir do voir s'ochapper la moindro faiblesse, et coinme s'ils cussent appi-ohonde qu'il ne comminiiquut aux autres son intropidilo, ils le sopa- rerent ajiros quoiquos tomps de la troujic dos prison- nicrs, Ictiront niontor soul sur un dchafaud, ots'achar- norcnt de telle sorle sur lui, qu'ils paraissaient hors d'oux-mOmos do rage et do desespoir. Tout cola n'onipochait point le sorvitcur de Diou do parlord'uno voix forte, tantot auxHuronsqui ne lo voyaient plus mais qui pouvaient encore I'entendro, tantot a ses bourroaux qu'il exhortait a crain' -e ia colore de Dieu, s'ils continuaiont a persecutor les adoratours du soul vrai Dieu. Cotte liberto etonnad'aboi-s les barbares, ils voulaient lui imposcr silence et n'on pouvant venir !\ bout, ils lui couporent la li^vre inforieuro et roxtr(5- niito du noz, apjiliquorent partoutle corps des torches allumoes, lui bruliirent les gencives, etc. " On tournientait aupros du Ptire deBrolMvuf un autre missionnairo nomni(5 le Pore Jjallemant, qui ne faisait (juc d'entrer dans la carrii^rc 6vangoli(iuo. Le jounc Lallcmant etait Parisien, d'uno famillo distinguee, et avail etd ar une Providence tonte Rpeciale la conservait en Russic pendant la tourinente rdvolution. naire Ji I'abri et comma en reserve pour de mcilleurs jours. Que devim ent alors les maisons ct los antres biens ■^es Jesuites tant d Montreal que dans lo roste du ' innda ? Nous empruntons la rdponse a un illustre homme d'eta* : " La Compagnio de Jesus etait en qnelque sorto nee et avait grandi en Canada avec la colonie. Pionnicrs de la civilisation, pros de 250 de sesniembrea, dontunedouzainodo martyrs, I'avaient arrosee de leurs sueurs et do leur sang. Lors de la conquote autant par justice quo par egai-d pour les Canadiens, le gouvornemont anglais traita les Jesuits avecegard ; apres le coup terrible qui otait a la Com- pagnie elle-mOme sos titres et sa vie on out encore aux citoyons do Montreal, sous la prosiilonct do sa Grandeur, Monseigneur Ignaco Bourget, dans le but de prendre les mesures necessaires pour ouvrir au plustot dans leur ville un College sons la direction dos Pores do la Compagnio de Jesus. L'ontlioHsiasmo fut ininionse ; mais los malheurs du- temps forciiront los Pores a relanlor do deux ans les travaux do construction. Commence en Mai 1847 le college St. Mario s'ouvrit le 28 Avril 1851, ot le 31 Juillet de la memo annde Mgr. Ignace Bourget en fit la benediction solennelie ; mais des le 20 Septembre. 1848, los classes avaiont commenctJ ot lo college avait iHo en ploinc pros]K''ritd dans un local improvise, siniplo maison on bois, au coin dos rues Dorchester ot St. Alexandre. 138 MONTREAL,— EIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Le College Ste Marie, apros avoir ajout^ a Bon enseignement un Cours de droit, fut incorpord par Acte du Parlement Provincial en 1852. Les travaux de construction de I'aile droite ne furent termines qu'en 1855 ; I'edifice complot bSti en pierre de taillc, a 225 pieds de long, 50 de large, 60 de haut; le nomi)ro des^li^ves, ces derniiiros annees a depasso 350, dont prfis de 200 (Staient pensionnaires ; lesautres, demi-pensionnaires ou externes. Le Cours d'Etudes, dans lequel I'lnstruction Reli- gieuso tient le premier rang, so divise en deux sec- tions : le Cours Classique et le Cours de Commerce. Le Cours Classique, enseigne spdcialement en franjais embrasse I'etude approfondie des " Langues el. Litterature latine, grecque, franjaise et anglaise, des Matht'matiqucs pures et appiiquees, de I'Histoiro et de la GtVigr.apIiie, de la Philosophic et des Sciences naturelles," en un mot, de tout ce qui prepare aux carrieres libdrales. II est divisd en huit classes : Elements Latins, Stntaxe, Methode, Versification, Belles-Letters, Rhetorique, ] oi'e et 2e Annee de Philosophie. Le Cours de Commerce, enseigne specialement en anglais, embrasse les "Langues et Litterature anglaise et fran9aise, les Mathdmatiques, et autres branches mentionnt'os ci-dcssus, etde plus la Tenuo des Livres, et tout ce qui prepare aux carrieres commerciales et industriellds. II est divise en quatre classes: Grammaire, Litte- rature, Rhetorique et Philosophie. II J- a en outre des Classes Elumentaires et Pre pa- ratoircs pour les cleves trop pen avances pour I'un et I'auti-e cours. LE OESU, 1864 Cette eglise attachee au College Ste. Marie est une reproduction modifide du Gcsa de Rome d'apr^s les dessins de M. Kiely ; co ningnifiquo edifice, quo bien des visiteursproclamentun des plus be.iux temples de I'Amdrique flit commence le 19 Mars 18G4, et consacrd au culto le 3 Ddcembre 1865. C'est un' vaisseau de 194 pieds de long, sur une largenr moyenne de 96, ainsi distribues: 1° un vestibule interieur de 17 pieds, surmontd d'uno pre- mii^ro triliuno pour le peuple, ct d'uno secondo pour roi-gno; 2° du piod do I'dgliso propromont dite jusqn";V In naissanco do la gr,aiiresento, a jwu pros au centre de I'edificc, c'est I'apparition de Jesus aux Apotrcs ; Saint Thomas met sa main dans le cote cntr'ouvert du Sauvcur, et semblo s't?erier, au contact du Saci-c-Cceur : " Mon Sauvcur, et nion Maitrc I" rAgncautrioniphant, le picux IV-lican ; puis : en so rapprochant de I'orguo, commonccnt les bar- i monies ontro lo ciel et la lerrc : la Sainte Viergc j ber^ant I'enfant Jdsus au concert des angos ; Ste. Ct5cile, presidant a rorchcstre ; le roi David avec sa harpe. Sur la Zone forniant entablement au-dessous des grandes fenOti'CS so trouvent ranges en busto, dans des mcdaillons, les principaux .saints ou bionlieureux do la Compagnie do Jesus ; ce sont, en comniengant par la droitc, en entrant, les BB. Alphonse Rodriguez et Berchmans, les SS. Stanislas et Louis do (Jonzague puis dans le transept, a droitc, St. Francois Kegis faisant face a St. Frangois-Xavicr ; li gauclio St. Ignace en face do St. Frangois de Borgia ; en redes- cendant la grando nef, St. Franyois de Hieronimo, le B. Camisius, le B. Ignace d'Azevedo et le B. Bobola. Au premier plan, se trouve, d'abord dans les baa cotes, un chemin de croix, peinture i, I'huile sur les dessins du P. Arthur Martin ; dans lo transept,£l gauche en face de I'autel de la Ste. Vierge, le martyre du P. de Brobeuf, ma.ssacr6en haino de lafoi par les Iroquois i droite et 4 gauche do I'autel de St. Ignace, deux apparitions au saint, d'une part, la Ste. Viergc, dans la grotto de Manrose, de I'autre Notre Seigneur sur le chemin de Rome, pronon^ant la fameuso parole : " Tibi Romce propitius ero." Dans I'autro aile du tran^ sept, en face de I'autel de St Joseph, est le martjTe du B. Jean de Britto, decapite aux Indes; k droit© de i'autel de St. Frangois-Xavier, celui du B. Andre Bobola, massacre en Pologne par les Cosaques, ot k gauche celui des premiers martyrs Japonais, Paul, Jean et Jacques. Pour completer I'euumeration, ajoutons deux ma- gnifiques tcile.s, dues au pineeau des freres Gagliari , que Ton aperjoit du bas de I'tJglise, et qui couronnent riiorizon au fond des ba.s-c6t(5s : c'ost d'une part, St. Stanislas Kostka, recevant la communion do la main d'un angc; et do I'autre St. Louis do Oonzague, rece- vant la Ste. Eucharislic pour la premiere fois de la main du Cardinal S. Charles Borromdo, en presence do son pure et de sa more. Cos deux toiles, justcment admirecs, sortcntdu memo atelier que lo portrait de ilgr Ignace Pourget, et celui de St. Ignace de Loyola, •lui se voient au salon de I'Evdche. On admire encore dans I'eglise du Gesii, entre autres objcts d'art, les trois autels principaux, en bois du paj's, dus en grande partie au cii au de M. Pigeon. Le maitre-autel est une copie, dans sa partie inferieure, de la facade do I'eglise St. Louis et St. Paul, anciennement attaeheo i la maison profosse des Jesuites a Paris. Los orgues sortent des ateliers de M. Mitchell ; le petit est, quant au buffet, de fabrique fran?aise et le premier qui au si^cle dernier ait paru a Quebec. Los ancions cloves du Colldge Sto. Marie, en firent I'acquisition, ot rotfrirent a leurs maitrcs, lo jour de I'inauguration de I'eglise. 140 MONTREAL,— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. NOMS DE8 SUPEUIEURS JESCITES A MONTREAL DEPUIS 1642 A 1875. DE 1C42 A 1C57. Eev. P^re Jos. A. Poncct, 1C42. " " Jos. T. Dupcrron, 1G42. " " Ambroise D.ivost, 1G43. " Gabriel Druillette, 1C43. " " Jacqnes Buteux, 1C43. " " Isaac Jogucs, 1643. «' " Paul Lejeunc, 1645. " " GabriclDruillcttc, 2defois, 1645. " " Adricn D'Baran, 1G45. " " George d'Eudomarc, 164". Pierre Bailloqiict. 1648. JeanLequen, 1648. Charles Albancl, 1650. " " Andre Richard, 1050. " Claude Pijart, 1050. " " Simon Lemoyne, 1657. DE 1692 A 1701. 15ev. Pore Francois Vaillant, 1C92. " " Jacques Lambcrvillc. " " Claude Chauchctior. " " Pierre Cholenec. " " Frangois Vaillant, 2dc fois. (i II Pierre Lagreneo. «' " Louis d'Avaugour. it lU'v " Jacques d'lIcU. •' J. B. St. Pe. '• Reno Floquet. " J. B. Well, 1791. " C:xzot, viont de Quebec former la resi- dcnce de Montreal, et nioiirt on 1800 a (Juebec. DE 1839 A 1S75. Vive Pierre Chazellc, 1812. " Felix Martin, 1844. '■ Firmin Vignon, 18r>7- " Louis Sacbe, 1862. '• Firmin Yignon, 1865. " Frederic Lopinto, 1870. '• Theodore Fleck, 1873. Air XOVirlAT A MONTREAL F.T ATT SAILT AT DE 1843 A 1875. J]ev, PeroPaul Luisct, 1843. " " George Schneider, 1843. " " Charles Scliianski, IS jl. " " George Schneider, 1852. » " Louis Saclie, 1853. •' " Jacques Perron. 1862. " " Louis Sacht?, 1865. " " Theophile Charaux, 1871. " " Jacques T*erron, 1873. " " Isidore Baubrcss^e, 1875. ISF.COLLET, ^^ ^kw^ wrm^i^ ^^mw^ 142 MONTREAL-INDUSTRIES AND MANUFACTURES. THE CANADA PAPER COMPANY OP MONTREAL. Paper making to a very large extent in the ter- ritory now embraced in the Dominion of Canada is of recent date. Up to 20 years ago there were only some 8 mills, turning out about 2400 tons per annum, in the aggregate ; at the present time there are 22 mills, turning out about 9,000 tons per annum. Kind of papers made : news, book, and coloured printing paper, envelope, blotting and cheap writing paper, wrapping papers from the best to the poorest quality. Stock used for making papers : linen and cotton rags, Sutmett rags, rope, old papers, bagging, esparto (Spanish), grass, straw and wood. The introduction of wood as a fibre in the mak- ing of paper has been the means of keeping the )irice of newspaper particularly (it is used almost exclusively for that grade of paper, but mixed with rags to give the paper strength) at such a figure as enables newspaper proprietors to issue their papers as cheaply as they do. Straw is also used to some (but very limited) extent in the making of newsprint, but the paper makers do not find it so reliable or easily managed as wood. The largest concern engaged in the business of paper making in the Dominion is that of the Canada Paper Company of Montreal, which in 1873 took over the business started by Angus & Logan in 1859. This Company are now running five paper machines in their mills at Windsor Mills, Shei-brooke, and Portneuf, P.Q., and are turning out about 2000 tons per animm, which consists of news and book printing, principally, also coloured printings, envelope papers, wrapping papers of all qualities, and roofing and match papers. This Company's business is carried on under the superintendence of William Angus, President and Managing Director, assisted by John Macfar- lane, Assistant Managing Director in Montreal, while the mills are more particularly superin- tended by Thomas Logan, Vice-President, who is ably assisted by Angus McDonald, who manages the largest of the mills at Windsor Mills, P.Q. Mr. McDonald may aptly be styled the father of paper making in Canada, having come from Scotland to do the pioneer work ; he has been actively engaged in paper making for nearly GO years. The Company's business extends from Manitoba to St. Johns, Newfoundland. They have invested in the business of paper making alone — say for land, buildings, machinery, and stock which is required to be kept on hand to conduct their large business successfully — the sum of S300,000, and employ at their mills 200 opera- tives, while as many more are employed outside to furnish supplies, principally wood, of which they use aninially 9000 cords. An idea may be gained of the immense amount of raw material required to run their establish- ments when it is considered that they require annually : 200 tons bleaching powder, 3U0 " Bodn ash, 50 " alum, 2 " ultramarine blue, 750 " common lime, 300 carbo;8 vitriol, besides the rags, ropes, bagging, old papers, &c., &c., &c. The Company also keep a very large stock in their warehouses in Montreal, besides the goods of their own manufacture, everything that a printer requires in the shape of all kinds of papers, cards, card board and ink, supplying also printing presses from the smallest job press to the largest news- paper and book printing press. Their stock is always large also of imported f)apers, inks, twines, pens, pencils, &c., &c., in act everything that stationers require in the way of staple stationery from the lowest to the highest grade. They do a large business also in the manufac- ture of blank books, copying presses, and other things that can be made advantageously enough to compete with imported goods. There is invested in paper mill property in the Dominion of Canada, inclusive of stock necessary to carry on the business, about $1,500,000.00, and this industry gives profitable employment to at least 2,000 operatives inside and outside the mills. Formerly about one half of the kinds of papers now produced by Canadian manufacturers were imported. By the investment of capital and the introduction of the most modern machinery into Canadian mills, this beneficial change has been effected, while consumers are more promptly sup- plied and require to carry much lighter stocks than when it was necessary to import, besides by a wholesome competition, being enabled to procure their supplies at a lower cost than the same papers can be imported for. 5|fc^ ^;m MONTREAL,— INDUSTRIES AND MANUFACTURES 143 VICTOE HUDON. Was born in Quebec, " Riviere Quelle" in 1S12. His father was a farmer of that place. Ho came at the age of 25 years to Montreal and has ever since lived here. He early coinuienced his career in the grocery trade, and rapidly, by strict attention to business and unswerving honesty, acquired a large fortune. No man can better claim the name of patriot more than Victor Hudon. Victor by name, he has been victorious over mfiriy difficulties and struggled on to affluence and success. Well does a man deserve a niche in his country's history, who at the allotted term of man's life nobly began such a patriotic enterprise as Jlr. Hudon did, in building the extensive mills which bear his name and are photographed on the oppo- site page, and endeavouring to bring back his coun- trymen and countrywomen from the United States to work in their own land and emigrate no more to other parts. Mr. Hudon is a director of the Bank Jacques Cartier, as he is also the President of the Cotton Mills which bear his name and are a lasting mem- orial of his energy and success. A good Christian he has given no less than thr';e sons to the Church, who are priests in the College of St. Mary. He has always refused all positions in the City Coun- cil and in the Government of the country. THE VICTOR HUDON COTTON MILLS. We append here a description of the mills principally received from the urbane Managing Director, General Nye, who has been connected with the company from the first, his practical knowledge obtained by thirty years' experience in the United States, in some of the largest Cotton Manufactories there. As the Managing Director he has made judicious selection of assistants, nv.i has proved that the art of cotton spinning can be carried on as successfully in Canada as in England or the United States. The Mill is filling up witli first class machinery ordered by him in England of the best machine manufacturers there. The capi- tal stock is $500,000. The full working capacity of the engine is 600 horse power and the fly wheel attached to the engine is the largest in the Dominion, having a diameter of 32 feet equal to a circumference of no less than 96 feet or say 32 yards. This enormous wheel makes no less tiian 45 revolutions per minute. It weighs 30 tons, yet revolves with as much case as the tiniest toy wheel. There are four large flue boilers each 7 feet in diameter and 28 feet long attached to the engine. The length of the Building is 450 feet by 76 wide, five stories in height and most substantially built of brick, with the under story all of solid masonry. Tiie working capacity of the miU when in full operation is, 80 bales of cotton per week which is eqwal to 135,000 yards or cloth. There will be 600 hands employed when full. The enormous number of 35,000 spindles are continu- ally revolving, preparing the yarn for 650 looms. In passing through the establisimient, one will see tliat system and discipline are carried out with militar)' precision. Beliind the mill is a fine wharf to accommodate the landing of merchandise, cotton and coal. Tliis mill is one of the sights worth seeing in Montreal and to those who have never seen the delicate and wonderful operations of manufactur- ing cotton a visit will well repay the trouble. 144 MONTREAL,— INDUSTRIES AND MANUFACTURES. MOUNT BOTAL MILLS. These large mills are situated at Cote St. Paul, near Montreal, on the banks of the Lachine Canal. They were buUt in 1873. In the process of manu- facturing wheat into flour there has been almost no improvement shewn until the last fifteen or twenty years, and more especially in the last five years. To ^ i^it the process of manufacture in one of the old iishior.ed mills and the process as now carried on in theso mills, the contrast is so striking that it seems a wonder how they ever succeeded in making any thing but inferior qua- lities. The Mount Royal Mills with the ware- house attached are 140 feet long and about sixty feet wide, built of brick and are sixty -five feet high to the eaves, while the extreme height of the tower is over 100 feet. The miU has 10 runs of stones and is capable of turning out 500 bushels of flour per diem. The capacity of warehouse is 750,000 bushels of grain. The elevator can discharge grain vessels at the rate of 3000 bushels per hour. From the time the wheat is being taken out of the vessels until the flour is shipped, no process in the manufacture is ever handled by manual labor, every thing being done by machinery. The grain after leaving the warehouse is passed through three separators which completely remove all foreign substance such as oats, cockle, grass seeds, dirt, &c. It then goes through two novel scouring machines or decorticators which loosen any dust or smut which adheres to the berry and then passes through two brush machines which are so perfect that every berry is thoroughly brushed, and the wheat compared with some that has not gone through all this cleaning is like a boy with a dirty face and one with a clean. The wheat is now ground and goes in the shape of meal to what is termed the bolting apparatus, wliich are reels covered with silk of different degrees of fineness, where a complete separation takes place between the flour, middlings, shorts and bran. Some of the silk used is only 32 in. wide and costs over S4.00 per yard, while the silk used in these mills costs nearly $200.00. Hitherto the mid- dlings were considered the most inferior flour, but by a patented meclianical process, they become tlie finest and most nutritious, combining all the medical qualities of Graham flour, while the bread baked from it is much whiter than from flour made in any other manner. Mr. James Parkyn, the proprietor of these extensive mills, is the only son living of Mr. William Parkyn, whose biography is recorded in the second part of this volume. fm^'f - ■- » , : w y • s 1 1 I'i^i M » T ~ - Bf^lid MONTREAL,— INDUSTRIES AND MANUFACTURES. 145 LAKE MEMPHRAMAGOa AND THE GIBRALTAR HOTEL. Lake Memphramagog has truly been called tlie Canadian Lake of Geneva, and it well deserves the name. It nestles among mountains of con- siderable height, it offers one of the finest pieces of scenery that the tourist can meet with, in all the Eastern Townships; and though its Ijeauty is but yet little known to the outside world at large it is fast becoming a favorite place of sunnrier resort for invalids and pleasure seekers. Lake Memphramagog is situated on tiie Canaloying the liest luute- riids. The works arc under the personal super- vision of Mr. Robert Gardner, Sen., and his two sons, the elder of whom is in partnership with his fiither. Mr. Gardner, Sen., is a man of large experience, liaving served his time as a machinist in tlie old country. He was born at Castle Sem- ple, near Lochwinnock, county of Renfrew, Scot- land, and attained a fair Scotch education at Lochwinnock school. At the age of 13 he removed to Paisley, where he learned his trade as engineer and pattern maker, with the famed firm of Donald it Craig, engineers and macliinists. Two years after the completion of his apprenticeship he married, in 1S41, Miss Helen McGregor, of Paisley, and set sail for Montreal in the famous bark Favorite, commanded by Captain Alexander Greenliorn, and landed in this city in the month ot^May, 181:2, where he immediately got employ- ment in the St. IMary's foundry, then owned by the late John Molson. Two years after he was emphjyedas foreman at Mr. Wm. Kerr's foundry, Wellington street. In 1840 he engaged to go to Now York, where he remained as foreman pattern maker in tlu' Novelty works, and afterwards at the Alair works for about two years. Soon after he took charge of the foundry of Messrs. Smith & Bonner, at Plattsburg, New York. About this time the new firm of (iilbert, Mi hie & Bartley was started in this city, when the subject of this sketch was engaged to return to Jlontreal to take the management of it. After an eiiffligement of two years, he finally embarked in business for liiniself on his own account. Beginning in a small shop, he has been gradually increasing his business and iiis premises until they have attained their present huge proportions. Tlie firm employs from !I0 to 100 hands. Their tiiorough knowledge of their business, their active liabits and courteous maimers iiave earned for the IMessrs. Gardner tiic general esteem and confidence of the public. FOUNDRIES AND MACHINERY. About the year 1821 win-n the mercliants sub- i^cribed capital for building the liist boat fiir towing vessels from (,^>n«'bec, Mr. John D. AVard an American macliiuist, oll'ered to construct the engine for much less than the price for wiiich it could 1)0 imported. Tiie idea was considered pre- posterous. Some suliMcriliers withchew their iianieH, heavy security was (h-nianded (roin. iiiui, and no mont!y was to be paid till tiie cylin Boyal William, the first real steaiii- siiip that crossed the Atlantic. From these have urown up the works of Gardner, Ives, Bartkn-, (iilbert, McDousjall, &c. MONTREAL,— INDUSTRIES AND JIANUFACTURES. 147 H. B. IVES & CO. Mr. Hubert R. Ives the sole partner of this firm is a native of Connecticut, one of those States which has sent out so many energetic men. In the sum- mer of 18-59, he, in connection with Roger N. Allen, of Greenfield, Mass., attracted by the in- ducements offered by a protection Tariff, cona- menced business as hardware manufacturers and founders under the firm name of Ives & Alien. Although at that time a strong prejudice existed against Americans, they were well received and soon established a reputation for integrity and business capacity. The first year proved the suc- cess of the undertaking, but difficulties and dis- couragements were met with which ajtpeared almost insurmountable ; not the least of them was the inconvenient and contracted premises which they had secured for their first experiments. Get- ting additional capital tliey bouglit a property on Queen St. upon which they erected a new foundry and work shops. In 1870 a large portion of tlieir works were destroyed by fire shortly alter exten- sive improvements had been made, but nothing daunted they rebuilt on a larger scale and made furtlicr additions to their macliinory and plant. Their business still increased and required greater Jtccommodations and a warehouse was planned and erected, which in point of capacity and conveni- ence for liandlingand storing goods is the finest in the country. Early in the spring of 1874, the partnersiiip between Messrs. Ives & Allen was dissolved and the business and property retained by Mr. Ives, who had always sustained the most responsible position in the firm. Since the dis- solution a fresh impetus has been given to the business, whicli has increased notwithstanding tiie depressed condition of trade generally. This in- crease however has been in tiie direction of lieavy importations of American hardware, wiiicli, owing to the low tariff imposed l)y the governnu'ut can be brouglit into tiie coinitry for less tiian it can be produced liere. Tlie business connection of tiiis firm is most extensive, being chiefly confined to the Dominion, but large shipments of goods iiave been made to South America and Japan and other foreign countries, Dksckh'tion ok Premises. — Connnencing at King street we have tJie stove foundry ]()() x 100, together with the pattern and mounting shops, the latter so arranged tliat stoves when finished are dehvered into the third flat of the warehouse whicli fronts upon Queen street. Tiiis warehouse is 121 ft. front by 100 deep, and five stories in lieight besides basements, and containing 00,000 square ft. of flooring. Upon the first floor are the offices and a passage in the centre admits the driving in of teams which may be loaded or unloaded upon each side. Upon 'the further side of the passage is the general delivery for castings and foundry goods. The other four flats are occupied for samples and stock room, and for the manufacture of wire-work, coffin-handles and other goods. Upon the soutli side of Queen St. and connected with it by an ornamental iron bridge over the street arc two buildings, one a four story brick buihling, and the other having an iron front with some pre- tentions to arcliitectural ap[»earance. These are filled witli machinery, and here are jiroduced the various house furnishing goods. In tlie rear of these and extending to Prince and Ottawa streets is the general foundry ISO x ](''> ft. Tliis con- tains two furnaces and can turn out a great num- ber of tons of cjistings per day. Crossing Prince street is anotluT property extending tiirougli to Duke St., consisting of buildings, yards, and sheds ; also upon Ottawa St. are yards and sheds for storage of iron and coal. Classification of business : Builders' and house furnishing hardware : com- prising a general assortment ut lucks, butts, liinges, and otlnu- metal goods which are set forth in an illustrated catal(tgue of 100 pages. In addition to goods of tlieir own nianutiicture they are sole ao-ents for large American nuinufactures of goods of a similar cliaracter, and liave control of a ndl- in" mill which is producing the l>est cut nails y«'t made in Canada. Stove and hollow ware: a complete line of the above are produced from '"^i 1*^ jeune Pariseau observait et cLerchait autour do lui avant d'adoptor detinitivenient la carriore qui lui convicndrait. Au bout (le qnohiucs anncos il ahandonnait le com- merce de nouveautes, avec I'intention do se mottre dans celui des meubles. Mais comjirenant quo la, comme ailleurs, Ics connaissancoa pratiques sont la base la plus solide dc toute entrcprise, il s'engagoa comme apprenti chez un meublior qui jouissait alors d'une grande r<5putation a Montreal. Le travail qu'il s'imposait etait rude, mais il s'etait habitue a ne pjis reculer dovant les difticultos. En 1854, il ouvrajt pour son propre compile un moileste magasin dc meubles dans une niaison en bois sur la rue St. Laurent. Six ans apres en 1860 il transportait son ctablisscmont sur la rue Notre Dame, on face de TEglise des Recollets. Le grande niaison a la tete de laquelle est encore aujourd'hui, M. Pariseau, etait fomlee, et son succtis n'a fait depuis lors ([ue s'affirmer d'avantage, chaque anniJc. Aujourd'hui M. Pariseau, possfide retablissomcnt le plus considerable do Montreal. Sa reputation comme commcr(jant intt^gre, actif, intelligent, est solidement ^tablio, son nidrite jjersonnel est incoiiteste et il con^pte ati nonibro do cos homnies do progr^s qui ont tout fait chacun dans sa si)liore pour le developpc- mcnt du commerce i Montreal. M. Pariseau est dans touto la force du (erme le tils de pes oDuvres, un self maa1tli, l)ut shortly after his re-engagenuMit witli thi; firm of ilessrs. Ferrier & Co., continued ill health rendered his prospects in connection with the pursuit of business very mythical. He reliu^tautly sureiider- e!iy alone of all his prairie companions lias escaped. Two years of tiiis life built up a consti- tution which has for- fifteen years bid defiance to the excitements of city life, which has enabled its possessor to niaintaiii bodily and mental activity from l-"> to IS hours por day, which has enabled him to withstand the keenest competition of his business and by dint of hard work to build up the well known establishment called " CiiEAi'SinE." Jlr. Mm-phy has been highly favored in the re- putation of his father, who commenced business in the year 181 9, and to whom he has succeeded. Clieapside is a modern store ])ossessing many attractions in style and architectin-e and always well filled with useful and fashionable dry goods. It is situated on Notre Dame street, opposite St. Helen St. -*— r---^- "sj— §s« II AUCTION R MONTREAL,— INDUf TRIES AND MANUFACTURES. 153 HENEY SHAW. The subject of this sketch like a great many of Canada's successful business men is an Irishman. Born in January, 1S26, he is the second son of James Shaw, Esq., of Derryadd in the county of Longford, Ireland, and is from a very old and respected fiimily who emigrated from Scotland in the reign of Charles 11. His mother was a Jlcliityre, also of Scottish descent. In 1846, Mr. Shaw came to Canada, engaging with the Hon. Malcolm Cameron, in Port Sarnia, where he remained three j'ears, and was one of a knot of young men who spent tlieir sjjurfi hours reading, discussing literature, politics, &c., &c., of wliom tiie present Premier of Car-ada was the leader. Mr. Shaw's library being tb i ^st extensive was the one most frequented by the young men. The case was of peculiar construction, being form- ed of five sliingles one each at top and bott'iui, one at each side and one across tlie centre ; over- head was pasted the well-known lines from Cow- per: " Here shining in scarlet flnd gold, Tlie Poets, enchanted, I view ; And hope iu due time to behold Tlie Iliad and Odessj loo.'' From this small beginning Mr. Shaw has lived to possess one oi'tlie finest private libraries in the Dominion. In1S49he removed to tlie far West, entering a Rook Store in St. Louis, wiiere I. is ;'xten- sive knowledge of books and remarkably tenacious memory soon made liim conspicuous and lie l)ecame the most eminent Book Auctioneer in the L^nited States. Though scarcely 24 years of age he was employed to conduct some of the [jrincipal sales in the leading cities of that country. In IS-35 he sold in Toronto, Montreal and otlier leading cities ol Canada, the same year he married tiie daughter of Alay and sale of furniture of a superior class, and several of the principal })rivate residences of Montreal have been furnished fiom this favorite establishment. Mr. Shaw's plan has been to inqiort from the best makers in New York and Hoston, 8[)ecimens of the finest work in Bedroom Suites, Drawing-room Suites, Book- cases, Wardrobes, Desks, Ac, and sending the samples thus imjiorted to some of our large city manufacturers, or to the factory with which he is connected at Bowman ville, he gives out by contract the work to be made from these articles stipulating that the material used must be perfectly sound and seasoned, and the workmanship as good as the sample. In .is noble way of Mr. Shaw's, for encouraging home industry, which should commend itself to every right thinking citizen, one of our manufacturers employing 120 men, obtained last year a contract for three styles of bedroom suites, which amounted to over 18,000 df" rs, and \v l.ich were all satisfactorily made and f - aid ready sale. This manufacturer has worked a large order for the latest styles of etao;eies, side- boards, bookcases and office desks. In this way the best workmanship is secured for each article. Mr. Shaw has given the exclusive manufacture of chairs ami sofas to a second firm ; fancy articles, sucii as library au'l reclining chairs, to another; wardrobes and bookcases to another ; and diniug-rooin furni- ture, &c., to another. While the whole of the polishing and upholstering is done in the top fiat of his own building, under the most careful super- vision. In this way the most elegant and fashion- able furniture is produced in a very excellent and superior manner, no way inferior to the imported articles, but at a great saving in cost ; b(>sides this jilan which Mr. Shaw lias adopted, gives constant employment to between one hundred and two hundred skilful mechanics, most of whom are French Canadians returned from the United States, who brought their families back to swell the manufacturing population of our city. Long may he be employed and spared in t'.iis patriotic work. This is the most efiective plan of emigrant agency, standing in strong contrast with the action of some of our legislators, wiio vote the jtublic money to send agents for the purpose of inducing our fellow-countrymen to return from the States, where many of them are ill destitution, but who, when they require tlieir new mansions furnished, procure the whole of it from some New York or Boston establishment. Jlr. Shaw's plan of reproducing the best New Y'ork or Boston styles, ai well finished, at about half the cost, will have a tendency to check this haliit of transferring our money and labour to increase the w'ealth and prosperity of foreign cities. The fur- niture establislmient of Mr. Thomson for instance is second to none on this contiiit'ot for elegance o( designs and general excellence ; but the pric(.'s at which it must necessarily be sold prevents many from purchasing it ; while the furniture sold at Mr. Shaw s stores, though elegant in style and ot the latest designs, is not so elaborately finished, and, consequently, much less cX}»ensive. The auction sides are conducted in the lower room of the immense building, of which we give a fine interior and extei.^r view as well as a photograph of the proprietor on the opposite page.