IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■ 45 ■ 30 ta iti u lli ia j 14.0 2.5 2.2 inii 2.0 '1:25 lllll 1.4 1.8 1.6 ISOmm /APPLIED J IM4GE . Inc .srs 1653 East Main Street .ss^ ^ Rochester, NY 14609 USA _^=r^ Phone: 716/482-0300 ^SS'^SS Fax: 716/288-5989 1M3, Applied Image. Inc.. All Rights Reserved i\^ 4^ <^ ^- '«««or of Veterinary Science. "Assiatan/p .f"'"^'°'^*''"J'"««ba»dry. Assistant Ree.dentandMathematical Maater. •. ■' A;sistanrr"*''"^""'"*'*«y™»"««- • . Assistant Superintendent of Experiments. • Assistant Chemist. -.Bursar. A. Blub.. John I. Hobso.v John MoMiLtAN, M.p. . Edward JEFts J. S. tJMlTiT 6. B. BoroB D. A. D0WLI.N0 . . Wm. Donaldson.. Chairman of Boa^ Secretary of Board ADVISORY BOARD. Deputy Minister of Agriculture. Toronto. • ^•'''^~«*''. County of Wellington • •• Con«tonoe, County of Huron." •• Bond Head, County of Simcoe • . AUsa Craig. County of Middlesex.' • ^°"»»'». County of Northumberland. ••Appleton. County of Carleton. • ^o°d-»*>ck. County of Oxford. ■ • John I. Hobson. • • A. Blue. 0. niTLLEIIN LX. B. Guelph, • . President, perintendent. >f Chemistry, iral History. »ary Science. Uuubandry. tical Master. Gymnastics, xperiments. mt Chemist. ..Bursar. . Toronto, t^'ellington. of Huron. of Simcoe "fiddlesex.* mberland. Oarleton. '{ Oxford. GROWTH AND USES OF RAPE. Eape (Brnssica Campcdris) was at one tiiiie ex' ensively grown m Europe for the oil expressed from its serds. It is now chiefly grown in Britain to provide pasture that will fatten sheep readily. In America, where there is not much of it grown as yet, it is used almost entirely for this purpose, although cattle also are pastured upon it to a limited extent. The soils which are best adapted to the growth of rape are those of a free-working character. Any soil that is well adapted to the growth of turnips will grow rape readily. It will also grow well on peaty soils rich in humus, and fairly so on clay loams, but the results will not be satisfactory where the attempt is made to grow it on stiff clays. On the humus soils there is also difficulty in getting the seed to germinate properly in dry weather. The proper place for rape in the rotation is between two crops of grain ; and, as is the case with turnips, it may be used as a clean- ing crop instead of the bare fallow. As a cleaning crop it is even ahead of turnips, especially when it follows rye grown for the silo, owing, first; to the smothering influence of the rye, and second, to the season at which the ground is plowed and cultivated. Tillage. The preparation of the soil will vary somewhat with the crop preceding the rape. When the rape is not preceded by rye, autumn cultivation, with a view to weed destruction, should follow the removal of the last crop grown ; and the sp.ing cultivation, up to the time of sowing the rape, may be the same as that applied to the bare fallow. When rye precedes the rape it should be sown in August if intended for pasture in the autumn and spring following. If intended for fodder or the silo it may be sown early in September, but will sometimes do well when sowed later. In any case not less than two and a-half bushels of seed should be sown. The rye may be cut with the binder when the head begins to come out, and cured in the shock when intended for winter fodder. It should be out at a later stage when put into the silo. The ground is plowed evenly as soon as the rye is removed. The "skimmer" should be used on the plow, so that all vegetation may be turned under. The plowing aiier xe rye precedes the rape. ther7"i rprJK " o^.^^ ^^ ''y^- ^hen yard manure after the rye is removed Thf--J^/'"'^ *° "PP'^ ^»"°- may then be called in. Two hundred *^ ♦h °^'"']fi«i»l f«rtihzer8 faJt and at least one hundred Dound«of ^^^ *'""^'"*'^ Po»nd« of broadcast before the last harCinr^"^^'^*'"'?*''^'" "'^y ^ «<>*» ground for the rape. One Wrl^l/ P''^*\^*^'"« the drilling of the lesB quantity. ro.y'le^H attd'abCt"!'- "*"i^u°^ «*^*' - » vating. uppiiea about the time of the first culti- rape in Ontario fs'lmtle^late^thanM,.; J^® *?" ^°' mowing the VIZ., the last week in June The ;r^**/?'°«^^f?r 'omvg turnips. U8>ng the double mould-board pLw^ ?Jl " P"* ^'° >°^ drills by inches apart, and the seed is sown J ""^^^ '"^'^ ^0 to 26 which should followcloselvaLrThi , "''^'"'^^ ^''^ *"«•«>'? drill 3J>e field roller may then aVot /^^ o've7th?^^^ "^^'*'- - 4 When rape is sown earlier than the nerT/-^^ ^?^l' «« «°°" •»« «ow J. tie bare fallow, to be plowed in T . „i ^''™ '•«P<> » »own on pound, of jeed per acre wilui" if^! " TFV ''■'"" "■«« <» «'» Tie cnllivation of «pe .fTe, ft C T"' '^ ""» P"'P™e- tke niDie as that apniied iV, ,hl J^^ '^'" "o™ is much th. me'nJV' ""i "'-" '?'Wnl Tap°: '"*■.*■*■."•» "«"-»- mence to work as soon as lli« ^1 if? • ''"' i'rae-hoe mar com going at short interval" u ,tH ,1™ *'''"' 'PP'»'". •"•I may S St 'he drills are gone over S the UnZr' '"'"■™ "■« '«»• I ■nay^be prevented from going to seeS"*^"™ """^ "' «<«. «« weeds re"^r°'^'"«^»°h-t'JU'd^^^^^^ » Sep- time of sowincf. The n««M„.;« '"oncn wiij depend somewhat on *j!1 but some'c^tion stou?d°bVZd%r^ ^ Pastured upon the rane It, lest they become too Ut for k ?.*«*"""« breeding ewes unon pecidly adapted to th^'fatt.t^':r.';"«'« »?-t form' "[T iT.: vo 80ia for meat. The latter ar'e mntT ^'"^ ^™^« ^bich are to tban any other form of ^e stocr at3r'''^ ^f "^^^ "P°» ^^ '^ Uattle may also be pastured nctnecessaVily inU tLn haJr^LTlM?' '" °^ ^^ P^^ ^ay, teract the tendency to scour 7? ♦? ' ^' • '" "P""® ^''8''«« coun- wfo« g„i„, .:z '™;::l > Jj:;r,i:o::c'z,"'irSd*.''' ''-" the rape the greater is the dancer T^« /. ' ^® ^^"^ ™''*"'^« there is .ho the