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J '-- ' •A y 12X 16X ' 24X ' 28X ^.. . - .-,- 32X , -;■-•-• . -■ f fy>- / v^ IM Th« copy filmtd h«r« hat b««n raproducAd thanka to tho gonaroaitvapiar aat ImprimAa tont f ilmte an commanpant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant «oit par la darniAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaalon qu d'illuatra'tion. toit par la sacond plat, aalonja ».,?««■»»« (Hrri!E"».f n 1-. ir ; .\^ Mm '% immmimtt ^hm m^ ... -- t^L ■ i MiiMi V. 4 ■?*»« In Weeldjf Nutnhtra, price Oiie Penny^ to. be completed in one hand- aqme and readM^ Volume, price Two ShUling$f HELP, TO ENGLISH HISTORY, ( FROM TUB \ DAWN OF THE REFORMATION TO THE PREisENT TIME. AOOUBATELT COXFXLED FBOM THlE BEST AVTHOUnit. It ia'pl^oposed to give a practical, poj^ular, and impai'tial Bistot^ of England, from the Ha\ro of the rejigious reformation — ■when the seed was eov« by ilte wisdota of Wickuffr, VliicK afterwards germinated aM' ripened into a ricli liarvest through the labours of Lothkr, to the present time ; from the period when a Tope was the most powerful pnnce in Christendom, to the time when, feeble and fugitive, he has owed the pos- sesflioii* of >JSt. Peter's Chair to the precarious protection of hireling baydnets. ; ' .. ' '■ ■ V " a. As it would not be seemly to ignore the existence of Sngland, as' A nation prior to this reform, a nerepparily rapid sketch will be given of th« ea>liest records of the coilnti7, from the invasion by the Bomans to the accession of ITcjory VII., the first prince of the House of Tudor. i1^ i%- intended to complete the' work in fourteen Numbeni, and. aa nenily. as ^(J^siUe, the arrangement of 'Objects will be in the following f- f -^ NI ^%J X ^.^■4S^Al>M|F:ei BRITISH COLtJMBIA **f: ■^<.^ VANCOUVER ISLAND. > •"-■•r- WITJI " COLOUREp MAP, ■■OWIII* ". TKCE GK:>t33 AJSTD OOAIi eo*fT»1>CT.O »B01I ArtHm«» •OBBCEi, >T JOHN DOWER, F.R.G.S. ' ' , ^ • IU.IAM nr.NBY ^sr.Et, II. LOVELL'S COURT. FATERMOSTEB Rt)W, AKitt ALL IinoKKBLLKi.S IN GREAT BRITAIN AWD THE COLONIES. \ *^f^- mmfmmiimm I , ■ . :\ '•""/■■'■I-*' .-"f- •.•V"' *>■"'■ '-,.7. ;•. f.-^ m.. A •V / •*• '''■''■^"V I iI'W'w^IWk * "'P "W j'l" '' ■■ ' V'-/ MlpiiiiiaiM NEW BRIT] BRITIS IVANCC WIT THE g6lJ5 CONSTRUCTE JOHl WILLIAM HEN ABO AIX BOOXSSl liu ii«.iiJ^Jl.pKMi!ntap|f«ppi!Pip •V;. NEW BRITISH GOLD FIELDS A GUIDE to BR^TISir COLUMBIA AMD . < VANCOUVER ISLAND, WITH COLOUBED W^, BBOWn* THE GOLD ATSTD COAL FIELDS, CONSTRUCTED ?ROM AUTHENTIC SOUBO^S. at JOHN DOMER, F.R.G.S. \ / ■' .*; ■J \ - ' v - - ' ■ ' * : 1 - ■ ■■.3, -^ u'- , ■ ■ ■ ■ "■ ■ ■ • ■ ■ ' »v ^ * LONDON: :■ , <" " • WILUAit HENRY ANGEL. 11. LOVELL'S COURT. ■ * « ' \t PATEBNOSTBB BOW; ■ A ■_ - ' ■ ■ ' . » " - .^* ■'■"■"■ • . ■■■.■■■,-,.■,, • • ■-,,..» ■ • ' •^ ■■ .. ■ ■ ■ ■.■■■■■ ^' ■ ■ '. . '■ ' ' ij.- ■ . ■ ' . ""- • *.'■ .■ "'> - ■ •-.M !<■:- t -inn*""' - - r • / \ NEW CALEboNlA^ VANCOUVER IsCi^ND 5«£Hf//VC iHt COLD* (^AL pELDS. -.< - i_— ^ t '- — i. T y "■/ ' / ■ -• ' >•' :/ i I I ^ :y-auryf«?>t #l I .'»«•• : \ MMiimmmmtm MM iMM f v.... wmcautiBi 10 a« Bota Bi ■!•■ nun. \ •^■i.- t «-. ' . ■ X -. \ ♦'» 'v.. iiPVIiiiiPiPPMiiiP •■« K- • r OiooEiPBiCAL posilion— Dl« —Voyage ofVancpuTor— i of Ptcificand North-Weal with Hodsoa'a Bay Coi Ceition of Vancouver Ii tiop of the Soil by tl AspeeU of tha Island- Colonel Grant— Unnsua the Climate— IntereaUn tory— Statiatioa of Trade R?glon»-ipoeeh oTSlr —Interesting Detsile C( ChemUtry and Geology to reach the Diggingt- fit— List of ^Bequisitea Mode of proooriDg then I, M V ,"S;. X ,-■ 'fe- CONTENTS. Cession of Vancouver I.l«id to the Comp«.y-Ultlm.to B*«ump cession o' *""'" Crown-Fnttw Qoyernmentr-PhyHicd Zci. lAh! W«d-2?erSj of th. SoU^Tetimon, of Ueat. ^interesting Detsil. commnnic.ted by P^^*^ 'f f "tTnow Cheltr, wd Geology of Oold-Vorion. Me«. o^ Jj:^'^^*; to re«h the Digging.-Th.lwoBo«te.-P«.««MonjrwdO^^ fit-List of .Bequisite. for the Jonmey-EMlest «d Cbe..««i Mode of procoring them— Extrtcto. y -■■■..' •mm -^k I 3 ^tmmmmnmifmmtmmm immmmm i 1 % NOTE. ' • ' Just M we were pibout proceeding to prew, the. Intention of the government to chftnge the nune of the colony, In deferenoto to the wWici of Her >Iiye«ty, wm officially announce^ In order to avoid the delay neceaaary for ita alteraUon, we have deemed it advisable to request that, in the following p»g«i, "Nefr Caledonia" may be read "Britiih Columbia" throughout'- / f ■ •i:'' . BRITISH VANCOUA/ ^ CI oEooai A* it would appear ani act of w the vaat publfe b«wfttb liliely t El Doradtf, it is our iotontioi abstract qusstions rslating to il be foutid to parUke of an^ ei endeavour to furnish our rea description of the natural ai country, oollated Ufiva the moa brief historical sketch of tlie or and, finally, to indicate the res highly important ooloBT. Maw Caledonia ia situated and is defined, in the biUrecei for iU future government by 8 " all such territories within w to the south bv the frontier of by the Watershed between thi Mad those which fiow into the the fifty-fif* paraUel of north Oceah; and shall include Qu4 aiyacent, eioepting Vancouvei of ita own. ,,. _^ Vancouver Island hea ofi^ t or fifty mUes, extendiuB froi l^om west, longitude 128" K ipp T" -h'-- 'S> . BRITISH COLUMBIA AM) VANCOUVER ISLAND. ■ ■ ^ I CHAPTER I. , i OEOOmiPHlOAI. POilTIOII. . It wooM tl»«i Ml .cl «( .op.r.ro8.U«i> MltoJ" •J"! ^V^'V^ ''''MjirjffiKiru2t;i«.a on If Hotth-wM. »»« rf North *i«rt«. /„ .•*. r • I . -^ **^ . 0| M" ■. . r" "1\ " '"''■ ./. .j. .. » ,^ t ■■■ V ■ " \ ■-;' ■ 1-. ■■ • '* f 1 •..:#■..- ^f^ « i ."^ 1 . . >Nv f». ,4 ' ■«. » (•«^PN«MriM«M ■f^ .L- '«■ l-K *;■ if'..,- \ '- - t i ■s 3^. »f BRRIBB COLCMBU AND ▼AMCODTCB ULAMD. north-west toi southeast is 276 miles; its breadth rarles from 60 Qilea to ' 05 miles. On the east and north-east it is separated from the eoaat of British America by the Oulf of Georgia and Queen Charlotte's Soand, and on the south the Strait of San Juan de Fuca separatei it from th« Oregon territory or the tinited States. North of Queen Oharlotto's Sound will 'lie found Queen- Charlotte's Islands, between 5S)* 'vA 64* norUi latitude. The ipwup consists of three islands, abont IBO miles in length, by about 00 miles in breadth. I^ay be as well at the outset to correct a popular misconception existing that^old has been diseoTsred on Vancouver Island itself. The new gold!^ fields are on the mainland about 150 miles from the coast, and some little, gold has been, forwarded from Quten Charlotte's Island. < / M- A... ZAM.T SISCt EABIY DISCO The claim of the Spaniar tioDS on the western coast Tery generally admitted. Pope Alexander VI., the < between the united Spanis accordance with this treat communicate with India b; in a manner, the property \ were to possess exclusite ( intercourse with those coul In 1513 Vasco Nunez Barien, on the Atlantic, afi lookjng that place, arrived consequence, directed their until the complete' separati fadtorily established. In service, one Fernando Ma which has hitherto borne ' igeqgraphical problem as flobe. While Magellan w ^ [ferman Cortes conquered \ in the course o^ a Tew yei possession of the Spanish the Pacific side elf the Amei a small place near the ei California. The enterprisii tions for the purpose of succeeded in .planting a C( extremity of the peninsula the sea between California flicting, and involved in coi ultimately cleared up ever with America in the north-e' adventurers, the Spaniards i nations nor navigable pass Oceans weris to be found nc degree of latitude. They mnmmmm ^JJ^r' "^ f rj^- '-J-^r' wmmmm :;'■■: f^ .'•■■ ■%• -m:';- T I .. "^mmm. , yy^ 9\* ».4 ■■*^:v.;. ■/,. M^ ZAM.T SUCOTKBT AND 8CBftKQimST HUIOirr . CHAPTEE U. EABtY DISCOTBBY AND SD^SEgOSHt HIBTOBTt \, The olum of the SpaniRrds to havinsf mftde the fiiBt siiecetsftil iiyS-u tions on the western coast of North America in the sixteenth eentarr i* Tery generally admitted. In consequence of a bull issued in I49i by Pope Alexander VI., the celebrated Treaty of Partition was concluded between the united Spanish sovereigns and the King of PortURal. In accordance with this treaty the Spaniards were to miJce no attempto to communicate with India by sea through eastern routes, which became, m a manner, the property of Portugal; while, on the other band, they were to possess exclusite control and use of OTeiy western channel of intercourse with those countries which might be diseovered. In 1613 Vasco Nunez da Balbpa, the goTemor of the colony of l>anen. on the Atlantic, after a^hort march across the mountains oyer- lookjng that place, arrived on the shore of a sea. The Spaniards, in consequence, directed their researches particularly towards tbis isthmus until tbe complete separation of the oceans in that quarter was satis- facdorily established. In the meanwhile a Portuguese in the same semoe. one Fernando Msaalhaens or Magellan, discovered the stnit Which has hitherto borne his name, and thereby solved the difficult SfT*''W, PK^^«°J " to *»»• possibility of eireumnayigating the riobe. Wbife Magellan was prosecuting bis labours in this direction, mrman Cortes conquered the rich and jpopulous empire of Mezioo and m the Gourse olj a Tew years Peru and Chili likewise passed int<^ the ' ?hT?S ?^l^i ?,?*r ** P°°»'«J>-. Themostnortherasettiementon tne racifld side df Uie American continent known in 1528 was Caliaean. a small place near the eastam side of the entrance to the Gulf of CaIifoniia.^Tbe enterpnsmg Cortes despatched several fraitiess expedi- tions for the nurpose of extending bfs dominions, and at lensth succeeded m.pTantinjf a colony .at^La Santa Cmx; at the soutbSn extremity of the peninsula. Of the voyage made by him in tbe arm of the seaWween Cdifomia and the continent the aeoonnta an eon- ,, SL°J5' ""^ '"^oJ^ed »n considerable obscurity. However, it is certain h» Ultimately cleared up every doubt as to the eontinnity of that ooontry ri;«* '"**!" l*"* norA^ast After a succession of faOnres by asvand aaventnrers, tbe Spaniards came to the eonelosion that neithw wealthy S™ ""' i>»jig«ble passages between tbe Atiantie and the Padfie .VJ«!S V?!^ ^ ^'"iSl" ^°^^ »^ Mexico, unless beyond tbe fortieth degree of laUtiide. They then desisted in their eSbrts. and didnot ■/ /. V6p ^'''^mimmwnmniiiKfim^ ■-' '•x*'-^' ■*;ik- :^- "^it^imlt 'pfi* iHitf^-fff ' 1 ^ '* ^^T i^-ewi'p^X'-'^^ • mmmmmmm m^ 8 BKIUH COtOMHU ASD VANCOOV.m HIAITO. off their allegiaoce to J'* ^'fi^^^ieSn them and the Spaniaids irith un^ereundiup b«8« *f ."'"SoKjrpuraued iu certain iwcUoiia of the reference to tSemo«opoh«^^^^ New World. The Englieh joj*""*^ ^{J„ jujt demfiida wew as i^r- exclusive w?"»*i»o°',T '^rtoTcupy vicant porUonrof Amenoa sistenUy rej?ct?d Tljeir n^H^^^^^ „„t .eruple to being refused to ^« "°?«^'" , '-hSh she declared to be utterly, un- sanction the^Tiolation of 1»J" ''f^f „"„" ' celebrated natal capUin of iustifiable. In December, jaJT. "^ Svmouth with fi»e smaU Tessehi. Z age. Francis ^'•J*' •^JjJ/j^^^SCon^ bostilo cruiee against, ostensibly on a voyage to Egypt, but roaiiyon^-j^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^f fhe domfnions and subjecy f Sp^m^ ^S ^^^^,y,^ them through theStraits <>[ .f *8e»%. °"» reduced by a atorm to a this arduous task, when his little fleet ^^^^^ . ' „,„. i,„t, in ichooncr of a bunawd tons burden, with ^cr^^^^ .^ y^^^^^^. defiance of this ?irfo'i«'*tU^'!„ ^^17' portT?o W bis inves- prise. He sailed northward. and_is ^portea w n,^. P ^^^^ ^^t geems Stations as far as. the »??/ Sj"£*JJd L« ""^^^^^^ ""»"^ ^^ based on rather questionable authority, ana nasB brought pSon. aufficiently authentic •"^ence toot^bavin^ nee^^^^^ Foiward to substanUate the ^fr^^^^.^'^J^lyT^^^ the - the coast ^"^^^'VcSni^^^^^^^ "v3„o. struggled braToly to CapUin-Genera of ^"''fgf '»; "SJj'tJ^^^ eflect scltlemente at San Diego. Moniwej^ his perseverance was with a view of facihuiing J^®, ['^^Z^er mcMures weJe adopted, e ther unavailing, and upon his ^«»" "?/ Jj^^^ their territoiy by individual Spaniards or by ?f"'«TSSvean afterwards. il those region* r ?ri!c5Sl'Je J^ ^g.^ SSTlain definitively In 1774 the British l«S:«»«; *°f«'lJi?.*j5? of the month ^is Bhips were oppoeite it projcct.ug P«^»' jf^ i^J'SJ situated a litde beyond the forty-eighth parallel, to which bo «▼• »• «im«nf Cane Flattery, in tokob of his improved prospects. He con- spacious and secure bay. offering «very facility for the^wpwr of >n. TC'sels and the refreshment of his m^ti,in which he cast •nchor »•« ^ feaSd. undel; the impression (WlSch W.«" J^jK^ aorrect^ thatNootka was the term employed to distinguish tue P»y » J Znutiverof «ie surrounding tenitory.^ ^.^'T«2li" ^^hTt^ natives asserted they had never seen any other ^»«^»^J' SSefoS ever conupunicaUd with any other civilised V^'>V}^- .^h^^^'h; felt iustiaed ia putting forward his claim as bemg the first i^'ooxerm J Sootka Seund and it has since been almost universally conceded to Sm The wsuts o>^^^^ researches were far more i™POj»jJ* ^" tZe obfain"d by .11 the navigators^who had b'^'^^^" "P^Jjf^^dS rf of the sea. The positions of a number of points on the westem sioooi AmScI were fSr'^ti.e first time AceUrately determined. ««J Cleans wwo ^usTfforTedfo? ascertaining approximately the «*«».. ^f^^^SJ'i'^^i Henc'eforth Nootka became the Jlace to which vessels sailing firom thesoutii iienceiOTHi wooiaa «c • K _ departure on return- well as for repairs, than any other havDOur in inat PfJ^;:- ^-- "i «_.;_ 1790 a serious controversy sprang up between Great Bntam "d Spam, relative to the navigation of the Pacific and Southern Ocesa.jand the un. occupied portions of Americabordering upon those seas T^is was toe first occasion that the right of sovereignty asserted by Spwnovw^ vast region bad bee^ foFmally contested, although her P«»t«««o~ Jj c*Su"S navigation liad l3ng since ceased to be U-e*ted 7>t^ dcfj^J by the wS of the world. Upon careful examination of ofBdd docu- m'enSirhis been clearly demonstrated that "before the jmvjl rf the Spanish commander, Martinez, at Nootka, in May. "80j»o settlemeM factoiy, or commercial or military e8<»Wirfiment whatsoever JW^^ founded, or even attempted; and no jurisdiction ^ad ^exorciseo »j % •■ / li >. T. •*« traoted controrersy, lioweTer, Spain undertook by treaty, in 1790, to restore several pieces of land and buildings in the ^cinity of Nootka Sound, wbipb were declared to belong to Jobn Meares and^other British subjects at tbe time of tbe occupation of that harbour by the forces of his Catholio Majesty. Notwithstanding this demand was ewnestly pressed and conceded, many circumstances combine to sbow that tho basis upon which it was urged was very slirtt The convention, neve^ tbeless, having been concluded. Captain ueoiige. Vancouver, who had been one of Cook's lieutenants, was commanded to proceed there imme- diately, and receive the surrender of such lands and buildings as were specified in this treaty. He was also instructed to commence a scientific examination of the coasts included between the Uiirty-flfth and sixtieth Sarallels of north latitude, and more particularly to explore the supposed traits of Fuca, said to bav.e been passed tiirough by an Amencan sloop, Wadiington. - ' , Vancouver departed on the 1st of May from Cape Flatterv, On the southern side of the entr^noe to the strait, in order td perform the latter but most important part of his instructions. He sailed along the shore eastwards to the distance of about one hundred miles, and° first entered a passage opening south, which he named Admuralty Inlet, termi- nating in a bay called by him Puget's Sound. Many inlets on either side of the bay were thus explored to their terminations, and they then passed by an opening to the north-west into another extensive urm of the ses. where they unexpectedly met with two Spanish schooners em- ployed in a similsx du^. They came to an arrangement to unite their labours, and continued in company nearly a month, interchanging mutual civilities by tbe exhibition of their eharts. At the north-western On the 28th of August, 1702, Vancouver eommunieated to the Spanisli commissioner. Quadra, at Nootka, the fact esUblished hj him, " that the supposed Strait of Fuca waf^merely an arm of the Facifle. dividing from the American continent a great idand. on the western aid* of wbiob the teiritoiythen occupied by the Spaniards, and daimed by the Bn^sh, was sitaated." The two offieera agreed that the island ebould bear theinames of both; and it baa ever sinoe been distinguished on maps bykbejong and int^onvenient appellation of •f Quadra and Vancouver It win be observed, Chat a laek of adequte space bM compelled oi t» compnes our matter within a smsll eompasa. unusually limited, ooii* sidering the amplitude of the materids at our disposaL But as we art anziouf 16 render this historical sketch as eomplete at possiUt, it it IIMPiHIIiilllilllliPlliiP r97 V'-;' .■ V- h f» 111 requisite that we trading companie wealth, vigorousl; pursuit of their w Tbe United S merce and navigi was carried on bj about the Upper made their flmt e Mr. Simon Fraze trading port oi Astor, aOtBrman jeoted an associal certain condition the Russian Amc engaged as part Scotchmen. Th( under the contr divide one-half ol ieclor for having Yotk in the Tone 1811. A.spotwi from the ocean, ( as a compliment the intervention amalgamated wil corporation has ] in the district to be. uninterestini created. Hudso greatest breadth, having been foui idea of forming I vrbo, having full , men, laid his scl ' its value. A ca marie, Lord Cr .granted by Char! and a few years Nelson and the I tlie French and company having ~a conclusive p At the peaei restored to them of only 10 per o( tbeir factories i which period th North- West Coj ^V f3.^- p«,r;««-.- .■*L»f.*'' ^^^^f^:4:^ BIBLT D1S90TBBT AMD mnUIQOUIT HIROir. raquisito th»t we •hould gltnee at the Mrly opflratiou wealtb, TigorouBly sought to force a paUi.oter the Rocky Mountaiu in pursuit of their widiee. ... The United Btotes and Great Britain having signed a treaty of eom* merce and navigation in 1704, an extensive trade, ezehisively in fun, was carried on bv Americans with the Indians inhabiting the counMea about the Upper Mississippi and Lake Superior. The British fbrtradeii Siade their flrat expedition beyond the RocW Mountains in 1800. when Ir. Simon Frazer. a partaaier of the North-West Company, •stablished • trading port on Frazerls Lake, in New Caledonia. John Ja«ob Astor, a German merchant of large capital, residbig in New Toik, mo- jeoted an association, to be called the Pacific Fnr Company, which, under certain conditions, w^ to enjoy the exclusive privileges of traffing with the Russian American possMsions. To execute these plans Mr. Astor engaged as partners in the coacem a number of j^rsons. nearly all Scotdimen. These partners were to conducive business in ^a well, under the control of a superintendent, and they were coUeetively to divide one-half of the profits, tho other half b*bg retaiped br tbejpio- iectpr for having advanced all the funds. The ifrst party auittsd New 'Yo»c in the Tonquin. and arrived at the mouth of the OolnmbiainMaieh, 1811. A spot was sdected on the south bank of the river, eisfat mUea from the ocean, on which a ftrge factory was erected, ajlll called Aetozi^ as a compliment to the originator bf the speculation. In 1819, throogn the intervention of the Colonial Department, these companies beeame amalgamated with the celebrated Hudson's Bay Company; and, as tUi corporation has pV^yed a prominent part in the administration of affiiin in ttie district to the west of the Bocky Mouptains. it may not. porfaiVik be uninteresting to revert to the circumstances vtndn which it wai created. Hudson's Bay is about 000 miles in length, by 600 at Up greatest breadth, with a surrounding coast of 800 mile*. These dicnt having been found to be tenanted by fiurred animlls of great value, the idea of forming a settlement was suggested by OrosscHier, a Xkenehmaa, who, having fuled in obtaining any countenance froni'ttB 6wn eoantqr* men. laid his scheme befcwe Prince Rupert, who imdiediately perceived ' its value. A capital of ^£10,500 was subscribed bv the^Dnkeof Albe* marie. Lord Craven, and others, and a charter of incdiporation wai . granted Iw Charles IL in 1670. Stations were settled on Moose Bivar, and a few years later on the Albany, and soon after two more on the Nelson and the Severn. Hostilities were constantly bccnrring between the French and English eetaers; but, notwithstanding the fiot of th« company having sustained gigantic losses, they jtrospered marveilondj —a conclusive proof of the lucrative nature of their transaetioDi. At the peace of Utrecht the factoiri«s captured by the enemy war* restored to them, and in 1720 they had trebled their capital, with a eaU of only 10 per cent, on the ahareholders. Again, in 1 782. a nmnber of their factories were- appropriated by the French, under Porous^ after which period they bad to encounter mucltN,fierce competition with the North- West Company, terminating in 'aggressive animosity and Uood'^ / ■ -Mm. ■T-ic'-a-gTe^;- X • E?^:^ '•'■iT' .W '*T»'*T*'y y^JgP^R^^M^.'iii. t.^ ,' f ^ViX 4 ■^, ^. ^ _ .^.: ^v,,-^ ', '. / ■-■- \% BUTIIB C9I.01UIA AVD TAMOOOVU under thed. At length, in 1881. tn Act of f*rf*».««» V.?"*^ whioh the crown granted to the eompany (then indnding tb riJd eSJeSioni) VlloenKi of exelueffe trade "ow^dl thoee towt. fheTnSKnothetadudedlntheorigind ch*tyr. "jj^ WjJjJ treoteWLich. hy mutud eonsent. were open tothe m^«I •'«»«*«* ud those of t^e United State..- After a eareM in»«fi«Jg«» «" *^ nart of the goTemment, thit lieenie was renewed on the 4M^U» of Maj, ^-^S^^m^^^^n BayCo»panyaraatyeniydueU>d hy a goTemoT, deputy gotemor, and a ~«"^"t? "i "S2?'i2r fS by a8» pioprietor^'rmr^nting an aggregate «*PJg'«'f*S'XtW tfie JI80 proprieton SsWe more than two yotea. «00 ofatoek ajnrthe ield forK months by eaoh rOtor ptcstionsly to toting, eieeot «wh^ he aoqoiied by beqoest or marriage; and eMh member o™ M«nJttJJ mnrhdld nJt l2s than 41800 stoek. ^^^^Z!^ SSS?^ is superintended by twenty-ftre chief factor* at the "fl?««t»««ior .n?Kderthem i^^^:S^^-^^^^^f*^'=^ the Indians. Tht clerks serr* under hoth the fMtors ud the tramx theiTsalaries ranging from £20 to iBlOO per annnm. Tbj, «>mpanf £tTO ncTabout SSrestohliriiments. beddes hunting j«p^ticMana SSiT Their forte or stockaded podtions extend from thjoMjt fd iZldw to the Padflc. and from tt.e northern hound^ ^L^SJ? to the dioias of the Arctic Ocean. Vancouter I«|m»*J^J;"«* S^«5 £* company by the crown in 1849. the g««* ^ ••t«»?l* •* *• "jJ S elcTwyeM*, npon the distinct understendSg that they shon^ ^^to cSoiiseT This term expirea next yy, «« J* •Jj^S SretfehasannouncedthattheoreswilgoTernmentdiysnoteciiteBrirts rSiSl of the lease, as ^ •!*«J^«» V W^^ in auT war sattsfkotory. In the meantime it is in the highest degree £;^?L3f!Sfgr2te Aould toow np«i w^ "sS^-SS S? aettla and obtain eulhgrante of land « JJ^^^ ^^ThS 1. That no grant of land diaU contain leea thm twwty ""^ «• *f » mmhaaen oftond ehdl pay to the Hodsoo'a Bar Company the snmof ffpHJI fcTSie laJTsiad to them.toheiadin«*eand comimtt J^ TThatparehasendian|iroTideapassa» «w thei^^ Sdl?f«nfliea. or'he protided wSi a l-^^J^grFft ^^L?? paying for the same at a msonaWe rate. 4. That pw^Mf* "J, »^ qS»3ties of land dmll pay the same pike per •«i;»»2j'{. "^ "JS SSui ottt.with them flve s&igle men or three maided «««?>« ^*t«7 hSdS W^Cm.at iSTkerds. wh^ oomSirSSo^dl haTC the ri|ht of diirrag ^StSH^'t^^^^ Sffi^diSmade to the ^•t^^^^^^;^;^^ ftj sorfkce: buhhat the owner ibdl hare the pridiegeerw e^fatW r Me own benefit Sw coal mine «h*» «»!*•<« "•^St'iH'SSfli MMltr of SaTSd. ver ton. J6. That cfeiy frediqidsr dlail eqjoj IM SS^1ta£igV3l wte -f fldi iTBaeas^ SutmSSX Sdidand; and that dl thei^ bSrqSTand IreeTthem and dl natioM, e&er tndteg « J-jNT dMltaTtheidn. ll^fOTenunentof the Mead has heea ananieaeD ' the following const crown, with a counffl Boris authorised U twenty aorea^of m Eivenior to llx th< to elMtord disUi E tremor baa the ui tws will be pa« legidatore thua eon the afiWra of the tisud control of tb The computed ^■c[ua»•emUes,and,l and cooflrmed. an J aiggentin"**^^^ riTers,maybeanti . kgislators. it bein that this Tsattrao and order, adequ proTide for this* forward a bill in 1 ment of thia'dep oroTiBiond goxei authority will gi^ topetctheway.' -1862, "toappou 6f justice, and to of the colony: a \ in council to aul r)f tbe governor i Tsuchpersous. lit may be dee latent, Is not in and the attontic lurcw. The is competent fo unitSTthe idan< navdVuK^ x^*^ •xeculW Th< beappUedtotl ibiUini willllM dusibn well-info price of Companj, ritones, « manyemig.-. soil, nowcTcr, .tarini (acted ''■^. '^- ■ . 7- '.'-■'- i^' ^. A. following ooMtltaUoMl l'^;-'>?|J.Sl'S7|«!rfn^^^ tisual control of tb« ««»▼»• .^ ^,_- jji portflo U not !•»*•* i!S52 ..quaie mile., and. ••'^•SiiSw«^<>f '^®*'^*°*''" »*'^'*^' /^2SS ud coofirmed. »n lnd«"<««"*?'",. Ir^^U- on the Frti«r end ThompiOtt SilSatori it boing WUpenwWe, |f "VJ^ Vy the nrotwjUon of Um ffiffi^Mt tract of countryjhouWl^^^^ Xo Pride for thi. «<«*tf S'L^^V Coimnrir to%il»te Ihe Itotoi. V^- forwude bill ta the Hou^ blU i. to eeulHA.* latent,] the SSHf^a^d^ii^ndTncy TUe pjj^^ OTOTUional goxemment for » •P««i*?„ff Sne for wlflch U ie tam^ iShSrity will give piece to >»»«>" iJ^SSrniSftei^lrt of Dw-mJ"; Spite the wey/ 1* •"^^•" ^^J! mJJff for the .dmlniitfatijm 1842. ^'to appoint an offleer to "•*« JJT orfer. and good gotemiMttt of the colony: and. ae eoou 1%^^^\^^^Z a leaielatoie. toj^g* to council to' authorise »*J ®S^!' ^cU id aeeemfly. to be ooinpo^ i the goTemor and a f*^^'>\'*\^^^^^l:Z^i sobjeet to aocb ««g«i*»*S* -LhVlwn^olectjdtajuchmannm^^^ it may be deemed expedient * »»? become a gwat «»'»l^"S« "">notincludfd.aaitUde^nea^^^^^ ,^ ^eteloBtog to ; attention of the •«*»'*"f;Sl«aUonU left open, eo that tt sM. The quertion of "tore annexauwu . . ' j^, a„>,^ to Slent for the inhabitants at «J^»»^,*L»«!S A aufflcl«it Ke Stand and the mainland under onejjwrow^ ^ SJcutSe: The eame laws ^T^?!!'"^? ' ^fjj^ about tw«ity SiUlnSTVariog aocordmg to *»'••»«•",'£* J w5 may add. in «»• SffeUted from ewry miner for hit hcenee. wj ^^^ ^ '?".'»• "l .v^, brtneh of the •'»^«i,^~A' SaJJ tfat the «iiiting penoa who is in a portion to ^."Hudeon*. Bay *in VtncouTer Island, as »|~^|,J^ i^ adiaoant tw when compai«l with tl.o '^'^SS^t^^ii^^'^ ircM. clusibn ol ti>i< well-infL miee of . Companj, ritones, nu many amigi- soil, noweTar, \ >•■. T I ^ '\ ,♦■ I < 41 I I / I I I . 4t . > r o --.y}-'' f^^'^^^Vkswj*' M^^^^^f^^^9f^^^ '^^R'*T^^'^ '* w^ '^ry *#f-/'i **^* *»■»■• \ *^ --k *-t- w ^ v-j- V ^ r iriilfa^MittritadMikMfcMIMAiMiliMiaiilliiii^^ -^2l=^ u Buxiiii coummvL avs TAMooom i«u: f to b«Um that this diMnpaneVwiU be notified, and • niaterid tvdaaUon Ukeplwe, It WM the poUoy of thi. moribund oomprvSodSi^^^ colooiution M fur M prutioable. •• their proflti dependid. taa^*"' meaaure, on |iniMtrioted freedom of intensoufie with the naUvw Since wfritlng the abore Mr. Boeback baa nored a aeriea of mm1«. tioni in the House of Oommo^a to the eftot!- J. That the pridleges of the HudMtn'»Baj CkimpaoT. abont (a expire, ought not to be ivoewed. ' vwmpwiy, nDoui to 2. That the legal validity of the exdosiTe righta elalned bv tha SinThJ X"Xi ""'" "»••' ^•"^' ^"•''^•^ oneet:*b.'Je£! r«i;.'!!'"* "* "'"i'* °' the territory hitherto held by the Hodaon'a Bar • Jut E .« i!?'' "^ ^•^/*»' »*»• P'"Po«« «' coloii.ation3bt^£ out delay to be resumed by the goTernm^t of this oountiy. ''"■°'^" a«ser2d°thI?i"fi;Sr""'.'?° •'?".*^' *»» *•>• «"»« «' *"•»» I^ Bmy asserted that a large portion of the territory now daimed bv ih* InIZ rZhS! "\?' "^.i^p^^^u"" ?? ^'""'^ •» theT[ireTh?;h^^ij^^^ b» Charles II., so that thekng could not hareclTen then •£!».*!S winch was th. property of «ioS,er .tite He ^S&Xi^^B fnSLS"" ~'°'^'*»J»° in *»>• P«We diSricts, and oSte^topSiSSrS h^^S^r""/"?**^*?.- ^" ^«*'"^«» B"lw" LyttonTlnexpSSSS 3 «tj «^'J"*"?»"' ^•i ~««"K"W. •t*ted that the cliart<^ or'tSnJnSlni fand1i'^hVrS?h"tt?^^^^^^ "° quetticm^rSM nat to ««,«» ?hl if *"•'"*'"»• "n« government had oiiade up tbair miiida DwiJt fw offl J^ ?;•??: *'•"**'■ ''""J'* *^' '"''•'•'. ■ufimittrt to Je Fn . iL V T***" "' **•• *"''°' «°«* that next session ther would ba Sr?i!^"T *" ^T^ .' f ''•°»« *»» t''* •"¥«» which wodY Zy aU l^^n^JiA^i •^ ««"»»•«» that, in tip eTent of the SmSita government declining to tdce the Red River SetUement the tanSS arS Ihe Ear^ irc.!."* independent coWy. ^ tSSSJ. jg ^7ui. ine JLarj of Carnarvon, in reqdbstioff the Honaa of T^mil. «« permit the " Government of New Cd^doniaW- Zh^tHiTZii Sl?^ -^ ?•• •*?? ^""•' •»"» » condusion add tJatowSI »wt ffa'TairbfrnS^^^^^^^^ SiDti?i !f ShSU' ' ^."*' •y**'» «' eolonisation thanSTSS tSJfn MdiKK^^T"* ".'^. °°* «''• "tJ^W gold-bearing didSS diacovenes m lU It iKMsesNd a fertile soil, magSifleeiit woddTS ■^ \ the Qnest ti fiiheries.an eontained d thilikiug thi T)e obviatifd connection ' insnently ii troduee at< eBtablishint into decepc desirable, i cncy with a bytlieiaaax ^i^^^^^^^^^M^^^TF^^V*^^^^^^^ PIP w '■V UTTTi** MkMVX DMCOTBBT AMD tClttQUEJCt UUTOBT. II \ tb. 0ae.t timber - jb f JuUJ^^^f^^^^^^^^^^^ fflrAhi wme rn^^^^ mM attending L flr.t ••"'•"-rildll 4^, "!,:5 if in altemot were made to ly out a town, to allot l»nd ia estftblianiDg a v -i -•• ti,« •liAr*tion in tbe nam* la in erary waj into decepcy «nd ora^ JSr-^oi a'n iaUnd in tbT^oaSii'on of the^Frencb. already diatlnguUei by tbftaama app^H^Uon. :"<' »*v As^-- 1 ■v" *> ije-k^ M'M*<> Wf f mttmrnm *MiliMliHHHai liiHMi •»•■ "» f x^ 'h A^ji 18 ■inuH coi.r>iBu axo TmoooTia lujaitt. CHAPTER IIL PIIYIIOAL ASPXOTI A!(0 MATTIUI. BItTOBT 0» THK lUAllO. »n4 Ibe islands of the Psoiflc, renders jt. peeuliarlj suited for Uiw the coiponum of an extended commerce: end. from the Si of £ nSljLln. Arehipelago of the Pooifle and the continent of Amerieft. The eUmato mS T.?«il';.r-?"'"*. ""* of England, but on th. whole much ^ir!LtJZfj "*'" ""i'"":' f"^"- October to March, and daring !«!.»?« «! .^* '*•/ * Br"**^°» *•*•' P'*^*''"' The winds alonrSf coast in winler are from the south-east, varving ftom that to the sbutb- loSh «d ^o n'^^V'^V/ "''t^'lf K-^*'- "5 in SeVumSer from ie ?«- .u np"'V**««*; The soil under cultivation proves to be adaoted ftn- *!? f ~''"«"°" of "c«>lent wheat crops. Captain WilK.o?the Ctrden, as of the finest cliaracter. 11.e wheat weishs 03 lbs to th« J"J*' r?, "^'^^ ""• P'^*"""** '000 bushel " Kyjiddl' tieSj nrS^i\''i.5''"^^'"*'j^- Strawberries and go^berS*. (SSforSJ nearly ripe), wids^ad gone to seed, were seen at Nisquallv on ths IBtb ^Itain^^Sjiify'-"*^'** '•'^ '"*••• ^- '--^^^^^^ bot;;»ar»a;;M w.T"^^ •mong the ad^s f«,m diseaSi during the" xy^ Si I . bate been acquainted with the island." '^^ ' n.25* Hudson's Bay Company in 1840 esUblished a port at Bearer S &";i°° »''«>«'»f •••» corner of the island. It ha/bi"indISd Sri«?hS«' K"° .'T» 'Y ^'^' »^*' '«"'• ^'»«"« had for" lo^ penod been in the habit of procuring coal from the distriei The wrfS„dVS'«r'*°°.*'"''"'"^r* »f ">••<>«; b«t.onexa«iir.tioii1 was round » be of too loose and open a texture, and too laneW iotar- jeiTflne tunW are t^beobftiined. It II adapted foTtlM^ a£S Zn mose puiposes. At Point Holmes some ten pt tw«lvt nflaa of •• rieh mm mmmmmm \ » PITSIOA open prairie Is forauagrlcuU* South of this wheto the Hi Here, in May to a seam of c< the opposite li Douglas Bean of the Indiani mloers sank • six to seven f< of coal per w sUtes that tb an offshoot ol OQ four sidei " And," he a< eoa) can be Naoaimo. an do not make About 201 near Manain •igbt dollars aide, and is inbabitanU. women and who bring i Esny has cli arbour, wb There is, at called Tutui • An arm .forty milefc 1 The country .. -, equal altog may locate municatiob % niile's dis to forbid al its nortben Cowitcbin, centre of t during the between th rich alluvif tlie Hudsoi sijtuated u] •. cabiig^s, as traders, tu on the sv ■ -} • '^^^^i^'yk^'i^^^^riM'^; ;:^^i.=: ' ::z"' • '■'{.■ *» " .V»> ■4- ■ ^ # Itmaii^M^ Soutli of th« point tbe n«t J^»P"'*" 'J;J^bnth«d on« of Iti fottfc wheto .«h.H«d«.o.B.3r Company b« ^ ^ ^ Here, in M.y. \«*J/ ^'^^fT,^". of hating teen tome " biMk rtoff on to A tetm of coal ; thet fwo •P*'"" "' 1" ,:." Thii M«m. now nunod lb« Doug'i. Beam, rapid V y^'\^'^*i''^^Z^\i'. OU«n«« »°* » P^^ ^^ of the Indian... On «'• "*h. 'f ttSeT iS dl«J0T.red a mm miM mlneri .ank a .baft to • depth of ^"y. [••^^r^rTguppW m 180 tons 5x i Mten feet In tbiokne... fro.yhioh M hjgja WPP^ ^^ ^^^ of coal per week ha. been obtained bytenwguurm ^^ ^^ Juu. tbVt tbJa Mam. croppmc «>"' »'„*''•£ be w?.ba. bim alUofctd Soffeboot of the great Wa.8eam.^w^^^ y^ l^l^ on four aideb-on two bt "?"'""'",!!?• f":. to b» met wUh whM« "And." he add.. "altogetU *»'•>;•/" f!"S7/conteniently. «• fro- coal can b« •f/M? " ^ ZX„'.Cco«^°^^ filtlf tbfj Nanaimo. and it will ,^- Jj^, "^^'ioa out of tb.fr poMe-lon. th«r^ do not make a tery profitable •P«f";"'°" ""!_ 1^54, -otoutof themlnei . About2000ton.ofcoalwerj.uptoJanuary.^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^y. near Nanaimo. »»* '»'5» "JJbSw i. c^Smodiou.. .heltof^ on eT« •iabt dollar, per ton. Tbe "•"''"*'"" ,,.», MtUement of wmo ia» ,5e. and i. the !«»•«»•<>[.» l^^jl'^'S workinV «•». the remainder tobabitant.. of ^om ih'rty-'r«",.*!!JIw prSTided by the Indian.. \ women and oblldfen. Jbeir fo<^ i. m*in'y P^J^^^J^^ Th.com. who bring in on .ome day. .* mi^J " jT^^ediate tiolnity of tb« Snv ba. claimed. 6000 •«"• ^J^'lfi/J'fSVuU^atSn in tbe'dirtriet Lrtour. wblob 1. all the jjul J^.'^i'Ji'^J'pSwJJt. another barbouf, Therei..atadl.Unc.ofMfen>nUe.^^^^ caUed Tutui.. where the I°f '"W*^^" *"• JJ"^ Sanelah. diatant about . An arm of the «a run. inlahd »'»« "»»•••; ?J.° 4 -^ .nehorage. ^orty mUek from Kana^mo I» f «•« "^^^.X^S jSn tf.^ or pralK The country aurrounding ? '• "f JjJ!!!**K; bTwbatoter emigiani - . equal altogether to about three ^«"J^" ^^^J'^'JiiJ ,hut out from com- mj locato himwlf here mu.t be content to «" J'", j^^or. a. at about muilcatiob with any Other coloni.to "•'^°* *f.,"r'j!^ up in a manner ?So^ di.tance from the w4 \^^^yZ^^ZT^^ioV» arm. at to forbid all attempU at P«o«tf •^'»8 '»»»oJ*^'»"™^^^ ^^ Ih, ijand, «h« U. norOiem .ide. the largeat nter yet known to^jxLt onw ^ ^ Cowitcbin. diw^argo.it«.l. raking iU Jg-^ ifmootb. centre of tbe W*»?' ^fJ^^A Vxt«S if w^l 160 f<»t. lU d«Ui i. during the month of May. to an extent 01 -"J . , j^, ^^^ through betwMn three and four feet, and it iim. »n a pw"" ^^j , j^^^ ^ ?kh alluTial iMid. At ^i'»»]J» '*;;t "o^Jfrbe^^^^ .etilemwt, Uie Hudwn'.-Bay Co™?**'^ "*,? ^a?. 'n of i^^^ houM., or log situated upon a .mall hwliour, i. made up 01 wm« «^g ^ ^^j^,. . eabiq.. a. they.^in point of f.cU gJ^rfjjSded iSelo«..«; wbU. tradm. Ac. re«de with *• "^i* S ioCSrS tauare wSim U on the TOrrouuding country, compn.ing.aDou* w*w» -» J---- r />■ vS '=V! .A, /-- ^&^&iM«iii ' ' % . 'W V •HUM inumm, m nan^u uua. •.-.wti» Bag adr.noJng ««.( «, flnj, •nd at Matflbotiain. tit traot of (t20 ^m of flol Ktqu.n.ault lU.i >»• 200 acwa of praM. 3 b«Iond E.,,uin,.u.u harboaf. Sao'^rel i„~ open la«d 8«ce.«<,„g \iZ oaae, ^'.1^1.'"**.!" "*'' ••~« «" ««• th. eoaat till w. raachVadda, bIT, . ,aui 'hhiI ?"*i^"* *.** *'»'»'Wt.ri«, {•land for nearlj thrM milaa Bn««!.«j * . .' »'«rboiir. InrfaQtin* (b« l.r,I tract. wlth%o«T«iUo„,^roJ^"r';T 'i'" •'•.'!•<"" «»'•« i, frloh f. wall w.^n.d. «;p.f:;t;.i tint"' '^'"""•'* ""•• ^^' . ilo)*! O«ogr»phloal l^iiit. _I f J ' "'*°''' oommnnloalad tothii Jouw. for himaalf and man/wltV a blrnTr^^.u'' l^"'^; "<' buUt Ha found ll,a -oU produca ;bMtolV\& u:'**"*!' ^ ••tabliabingafriandlj ntI«ouJ^^;ftM'.«S^ '^"?*' "* ^'««Sj ^ •P«« to bo ablppad to Sn M«i' "aV tl'«y P"»p.m pila. S '6f pio. ..|.» .i;^„d th~°J^^««o^ 8u Tariati., of flr^'^d Si called by tl«aiiaUTaaQut.ohnli^lM«K!J? J^" *^* "'<^*'» <>' • riw. foHrtaan mil., wett of sSa Into Ih. fltifr''Vr "?'^' *» • Hot aoS coal haj. alaobaan obM^rJlltlhk'ffij; "^"^ *»• ''"•^ ^^•W Nug;m«ohorJj|tt.«.rwToJS^aJSS1bli^'* of «Tag- «d£ American Te«iili3EIui^«Vff?r*nJ?'~ **" *• «ri»«l of2i th«TM,«| iu onl JH^SL^ f ^^ ■ . Th* MtfTaa broggfat alo»,riS broad ba^. opon arOBBKltSSPf. *1 >??'• •' ■^"'<»- «>• rn * / - '\ '^. * ■ / ./ ## /., .<4tt ■A i^ immt M r^ '»* linlMAI. OMIOn ABO HAXCBAU MIROAV •! ^ % to % aitUao* of MT«BtMii orilM. A wmUt of «odiy id«U •*tUh •oroia lh« tiUranco. iMting. Iiowtitr. two bro«l opw eh«nn«l«» bo lli« tMUfii •hort of lh» lound ; lh« othtf ta .biurthS mU« *!»• riuarur bro.d. tud U • lilll. f«th« to tho Md .r« duuJJ5»E^^ 7'y «»•«»" "<*. •i^,*' «»'y '^r. J; tnet on il •rfBof •PwmWt like Uio Ihwo mMU of • y*m\. Tb« f«# IdflKnUwpofMd all oT*r it. mo«t of th«m inb»bltid bj ■ib«U flahidrllSIKuet of tho kOTtaos. U«n«r«llj ■pooking. Uio country oU WundKy ai Ji. brokTn ond rocky. (blcklTCO,.»W wiih^«--lX; wood, and unfit for cu^tl»ttio^ or •cUlcmont. Thorf is no trulb In tho roporti wbich haro been oirouIaUd of there bein* coal on Barclay Bound. Th* Indiana. lioweTer.deaoribaaoma coal as exliting at Munahtmli, in the country of Cojuoklesatuoh, soma threo days' joutnay into tho Interior, at tho b*ck of Barclay Sound. The coal »• feacrlbod aa a aeam four feet thick, cropping out from the top of a high hill. Tho InliabitanU of Barclay Sound may bo 700 in aU: they aia a poor. SsIJablo racd. are tery much dlirlded. both into triboa •«<»«"" families. Tli& are a harmless race, and Uto allogelhar by flabaig. bafing fow Sow* an* arrows among them, and aoarcely any muskatt., Efcn the young men hare a singularly old and worn •??••""••• ^ tlieyare g^jaraUy of much smaller aUturo than their «>«8°»«'»"',j** Nitteenati. Dwalllog on tho banks of a^smsU ^'V'. •^"i*^? W journey from Barclay Sound, la the only known inland tri»>«J«* «»»J"J In Vancouver Island. They ha»e been almoat oiUrminatad by tha Manairoo Indians, who haro reduced this tribo to four famUiec "Tho next harbour to tho north of Barclay Sound, to quote Orant, " is Glaioquot. where there aro 3000 Indians established, who aro anxious to trade with tha whltea; but as yet none but Americana bate bocn amongst them. A bar with from four to six fathomo <«** n»na «oroa« the harbour. Thero la good anchorage Inside, and sheltor from aU windfc Tho arm runs a considerable diatanoo Into tha intorior; but thsio iono open land that I am aware of, and fte surfaoa of tba wootfasd la foeiiy and brokon* . ' . .^ " From tho ngithward to Nootka there Is no land along tho aaaboard tliat^^ho AWaranco of being aTallablo for any uaoful ^^yott. NooiWbund is a large arm of the sea. containing seyeral •«»•£ •J^**^ barboun. There is no open land near it, and but little availMlo woo^ land. Tho Indians are numerous, and sometimes holtile. 11>ey aaixed an American vessel In tho summer of 1852. but did not molest tho eiow. At Nespod. a lltUa north of Nootka, coal ia reported by tba Indiana. Nospod Is called Port Brooka on tbo obarts." .,,,., , ./— North of Nesp«)d Is Koskaomo, but tjhm la no lan4 »t Ibta point for eolonlaaUon or sotUoment Tho coast ia rocky, though not high, ana n Teasel would do well to keep alear of it in winter. ii..*««M« " It wUl bo thua aeen.'* adda CoL Grant, " that tha moot fa? ouraWi I #*? tf I % -'A '••• M _F -/■ — r — r- >■ •A "> ,#^" ' \*k,^ ^ B-i t ( < \. ''. lis V' ■ '. ' ■ ■' f X '■"*?».■ ■1,'- - .' .' M i« ^HiliMiliiiiiHiii BBItlSa COLCMBIA ARO TANOOmm IttAMI). r places for MttHment ara to be met wllb ftnly on the otit *nA «.i(h coMU. The west eoast. oortb of Barclay sJand. hi d^^^a mort ui faTourable aspect; and even wiibin BarclayBoond w! haJe oiw I?d?.B The Indian population of the whole island is sUted at IT (MM Th— •re, m general, liyourabiy disposed to the whST.n.! -^' «?^ superintendence a« capable orbSng mde Trn'S;fa? T^l- .^mP*' r/nui„'Jd",5ri• **''•« from SaneUh to Lka ifSiu^ The quantity of land surveyed; in detail is 200 souan mil«i «#*S,{^ Tht «r±H'''''V""'*,''»'^''«= ^ remainder isTSSpd^T'w^SJ 2f thWEl'*" ''^•''P*'' '^°^ r ^ ^ «••'» '"™ the aboS^^b^Sw all that IS known is menUoned. ^nd bears a Terr small nraXja!. ^ #il! or prune, and also on the green s ps of soil amonff th« nUfc. nSw- ■ SFiSi" r""^ -- ^" -'^ fUiaiiues. Ilie savage mode of preparation is as fallaw«-.iTlL»m iS>iI. are dug in the ground, into which L ttrown hot S*~Sli i2 SkS^ Ct tiTtri.« left undisturbed untSf the nwt is sffiSS; used as a smoking mixture. Lilto the aalaL mingled^ With ttfSacco. are „„» «. „ „„„„™ mawre. Mie tha lalil It constitutes an arUcle of diet much sought SfKM*e hZ rf JSS two snecies exist on the island.. In wme diScto ftTlBlSSi excellent food for cattle, which are said to be so fond of It thai t1iZ»«m •s?ti «t »"!•«'?;? '*"^' p**5 ,th«»s Se woidffS m?*:^ 9raer to get at ^t. In the woods and low arounds seTerfl mriafiM Xr ^Ul sides, sufficient soil to support them exists, all the b^^nnSj X \ •■■.-■ .'- *.- ■■t-..- "*?**?•**;* •''T-.v^ mpiiiiini ■Te^r,- .'TT'. - ' I*' .Vi an- an for •y i«r re y. >y re I. ih i. ■e e e d ■ t I mmim mi FBTMOAI. AtPKCM A»l> HATOKU. HWIOB* OF SBM ISLAND. 21 ciiltiTalea in Great Britain ere to be met with in abundance. The s raSbeJrr the gobfleberry. black currant, raapbmt, a email black wild chem!2d a ?a?kty ofX crab-apple. are included hi the IW; »nd «a ihe Mutb of the island, as Well as upon the mainland opposite, the ™taS is unuSiiy^ltivated by the Ud men. The poUto appem to Gvebeen long known to them; >ut. •« H is neier grown by *fjjfj^ ■ SbesMcept those which haTC traded with the whit. man. it may ba SMfdiiSfhat the root is not indigenous, but ^» Vf S^Ki^tSJS of the «arW traders to thei* parts. There are eight o* nine Tanetwsof Jb.A«iS to bJ found on th^e island all dififering. in » jJJf^J,"'**- degiSe, according to the character of the soil upon which thw «ofr. Alfhowever axe of a larger size than any found in Europe. Mr Grant tofoms us JhaMSatoes^and dried «dmon form the -Uple food of ^ the mUws who can proqure them, the camass being eonsideied m ft* Kof HeUcJcy wldinner relish. They consume litUe animal food, bSoo J^ hunt for it except during winter, when thej -lioot' large^anuSs of wild fowl Bears, <*' Jj'h.ch Jj wj h'T'^y^ species exist in Vancouter, are numerous upon the iiland. Jn°!?J« ViS! X posses. "Shooting-irons" km t^*™^*^V!lf ^IbJIii^^SS skins with the Hudson's Bay Company. No P-J of the ^w isjg^gj to the white man's palate, unlef^ we except the J?®*;.'^^" «f2? m cooked. A Teiy hungry white xm 'dl. howeTcr. digwt bear me^ eMilv as anT 8a«Be: but the prospect of other" food must, be jtey re^/te"cfS Seitomach of thJ forW cari be induced. W^ thji^x accommodating. The elk. the lencurus, or large whitMailed de«, and a smaller species of black-uaed deer, are -I'^to be found upon the island. Thoflesh of the elk affords good nounshinff foof.o"'**^^.™ the otiier kinds is tasteless and insioid, containing »»* l'"J? "O"™*" mcnt The panther and the black anS white wolf inTest *»>• *«f . *»»J* " Squirrels MdmimKS," says CJol. Grant, " are found •f7*Jf •«£!;! numV«rs. |tnd both land and sea otters are <>«««><>°f^'J^ »«Jif ^2^.: the latter an. only found on the north coast of the island. The animriM generally from four to eight feet l?"^. "^Hi^^^'i'S'^*'^: SS wS I hngth of twelve feet; and iU fur is Tcrv soft and «f »<»»•• Jo^B^S^/" Si? most valuable of that of anv animal found o«\.*»»«J»«'i^;;fJ,SSi It is generally of a jet black colour, though aometimes it has a shghay browSishtint Sign's of the ^*^e' have occwionany beekjjwn bv^ trappers on Vancouver Island, but the amrtal has never m^^,"^ met with. Altogether there are very few animals producing ▼«•>»}• Sri on the place, and I should conceive the va^ue of fure actually trapped and traded on the island cannot exceed £40 per annum- *6f birds they have the Tetno oUeurup-iht male a beautiful badof bluish colour.ritherlarger than the Scottish grouse. .H®**" • Jj^ outer tiiioat, like that o! a turkey, of yeflow colour, which h« «8«*«; when he utters bis peculiar ci;^. This cry. something lAe that of mi owl.i. heardatalongtlistance !» uttering it. while^perched on one rf the lofty trees of the country, he frequenfly sounds hia «e^n^™; •■ the craping wivage. lured by the well-known sound, is g«»ded by it to hit appU to lus beautifd victim, whom, however, he never attempts MHiiMMilMiaMteiiiteiittiaiM ■--1 y^ wmmmmmmiKm, mmfifffi .Vi .>...;V.*Ji>yif.i) p r«nyi»%^^t«.,:tlii '^W-^ i / MMH MM -t. f ir rm^ S3 BBirna colcubu axd takcodtbb ^^t^ri K to bag unless he site quietly to receiva him. The Mvase Jthmiah t.. be" Vor'^S *'••""* "'^'°'*'''"'^'^^*"»'^^^^^ There is al'so another sMcies of grouse. IhyTrtrao BkkarLmii • »n» the drum yarlndge^ competes lbe%arietic.1rf feXiJd^ ' Tko obicurui IS found in the highest grounds, like theptarmiSn SKuanj' the other two vaneties frequent the low woodl. Xm rf SSm^ found Id numbers, and it takes a very goodahk wd a atS 5LS walker, to make up a game-bag of three brSoe a day ^ Of small bu-ds there is the Mexican woodpecker and • lir<». »;-. Bhapcn Slice es of bullfinch. Note it has noneTffindSd irSSSS So%t:K;ir"^ -' of\rMA*''ir;isif^^ whidfs:;!:?:^-?^'^;^?^^^^^ for most excellent ware -^halittK^ P* ^**r®'' '^"'wdieB material srow. ,„to« noble tree; the ^W« .JfcSi^d thi^IiSS rtJ^S' Ihe lai-gest and most nicturasona trnA «V^-, ^ V^. ir^*'"L '"J*"***- , A Imje .iMdet of Arbuto jrem oi the KMOMt. Bid ootte bub PUTBIC of viTers, sow bark is.smool and takes at found on the The iboTi too feet and there is anj Island appeal Taucouver Ii bten sent to superior to-'t the island, il \>anks o^m boweTcnr,^ih l8l«nd^jr#^ thelabduro The nat reckons son insiguifican 3000 strong teenatslOOi numerical e in some ins on the west whom for a and oil. I have been name of th of ground I Colonel Gi rate of a b to petty c quantities —To the 1 or Clellum l4be'btfxi cent, profi the pice distnbutio large price but it was been wort! nearly all tbrougfaoti spoken bj subdivide other; an other of • s'OnerB'tal ''*!9P9pM||in|pii^ ■: ft- * ■ ■ 'i^iff^.^WI^^:^-' '**~r J^^rT^ IPPPP PPP i - y.- *'' miu. .1 liMitmmrim PUTBICAI. ABPXCTt AMD SATCBAL HWTOBT OF IH« I8LAKD. 23 , , . f J Of riTers, wmetimeg reaching a height of from thirlj to fortj ]"«*• Jho bark ia smooth, and of a bright red colour ; the wood is hard and white, iSd t ikST' excJuent nolith. Only one kind of pine has as yet been foundon the island, the Afonlieo&i. iu • u» fu»«»iftntn The above-mentioned kinds all «ow *« •g"»*^f»?^*7^°S ^J,2 JOO feet ind upwards-whereTcr tlie land is at all w^«l' •»* '''S! there is any depth of soil. To the spectator from the •«^«'f J** Sand appeis oie mass of wood. Among the ^^^^J^^^^^^ the island Jita|»g. more propeny "r"'"!}'.- "-•— ^A"" j:- joQ^f \)ank8 0f l-iSTRiver on the opposite !n«"°l»°^;..S^ 'S?",!^^^^^ howav*>thi^i miahtbe very extensively cultavated in >«'»»3^1^ iZdMS ffivation is probably tbe way, next to salmon-flshmg, ^ the lahSfthe native population might be most profitably jmpjoyed. The native populatign has been 'o»8Wy estimated at 17^00. « reckons some tSy Iwgo. and P^f^^P* «}^^°' ffj* ^.C^^t iniignificant tribes. The Clayoquots and Cowitchins are called awow aOOOstrong. The Nootkas muster 2000, the S^^i?l\}^,\tltthe tccnaU 1000/the Sanetechs 800. the IsomassTOO.whichalwwabont t^^^ Numerical strength of the KoskeemBs. The other tribes vary from MO t^ in some insUncSs. less than 100. The most POwerM of these Jibw^J^ on the west coast, and at the bead of them stand *i« ^ »yoquot«. with whom for a long Ume the Americans have dnven a smart trade to salm^ and oil. The lands of the Sanetch, Isomass, Isclallum. •«* BjkJ «J» • have been purchased from them by the Hudson's B«ty Company in t^ name of the'^BriUsh government, leavmg to the naUves ^n/J • [JJ.?!!?! of ground reserved around the sites of their villages. " The J™!*;' "JJ" Colonel Grant, "wei-e paid in blankets for their J»°^8;f«"«'J^5;5|JJ* rate of a blanket to each head of a family, and two or tbrw m M*5«J to petty chiefs, according to their authority and ^^P®™^.®*; «™- quantities of blankets given to the ^wious tribes wew n««Jj "ffX ' Ito the Isomass or Songass, BOO ; to the Sanetch, 800 ; *» **»« Ifj*""" or Clellum and Soke Indiana together, about IM? t<>[»\«»»i- ,Vl*]?!i; 4rfl4beHininket may.bo about 5s. in England, to which;if wo add 100 per cent, profit, we hive a value of lOs.. or two doUars *»*, » J^g! «S2tK the pnce at which they were sold in the country in lW9.60,-whenthe distnbution was made. One thousand blankets at this "Mo »«*•««« • large price to pay to the aborigines for some 2000 square miloa <>» !«« • but it was fully an equivalentTor what the land .^" <«•;«[ •^jJf.^JS been worth to them." As all these aborigines Wist by fi»V«?I i^«SS« nearly all their time in canoes, their habits P5??f."' ,^*?« "Jj^"!! throughout the various parts of the island. Four «»i^no'J"8«*8« "* spoken by them ; but these original dialects have been J>w^|^.«P •;? sSbdividid into many others. Slearly all the tri^^'i^J? on?^ other; and eveiy year a war expedition la undertaken *y.««* JJ* J? other of the tribes against other tribes, t^"' Jl'^^t^nj^^J^iAvSl s'Oners taken aro carriwl off into slavery. An alliance of two neighbour- 4f' hi. \ ) \ '; V •Irk U«i3 • =«-■*- '♦■Mil •i'f i f*^' f' "f ^ # BBIII8H COLCMBIA AND TAMOOOTtl l«jiKD. •lIoTred fn fro5^rth?TiSMr?;d i^l'fj"?? ts wind aud wetthar cmbelliBhrnenttothe wene^Th«°^^ conmifered to afford •nobl« no means couroReoM ^he »h.r..»5?^°*" J"*,, ^'wribed as being bf Clayoquots and QuackoSa on Z 11k °* four inches; but among the be upwards of five S ten'inShS tS'"' '^"" ?/ *^ "« •" foond to well wS would do&M^^^^^^^^ *" ""* **» *»r« '"' hair, and if but the nrevaiS tin*^*u ""°^ *® P®""*"" • ^o"*! complexion ; every season. Their noses are loni- E .h«i; v *'»«\«^ during mouth ufflrtod l«rff«- .n^r--- ?'. ^" *°^*'^ ^"W high; their lead TiuSJusIy li^J; "i^^^^^^^ S°«^ T".: »'"««">«»ted Va fore- The ujier Si^of the^r^^ «.d w?^^de?eloned chite\ttl"tft^^^ their canoes theb> lower limba aw SnniL --5 • . "' ®f "qpattmg in costume is not difficuU to desSrJK • U ionJSJ «'f''""'T'?\^^« »»"~ then varied b» a beaMkin neil» 'x. *°"»»** of one blanket, now and abori^STh/rt rd»Sf tb^E^^^rn^^^^^ • sailSr's .hirt being SSwidiwdsuXeSt^^^^^^ f'^gmenU^ rdio of are attired m the wmo Sel 2 thi Sen SFh"?^^ apron, made up of a few niZJ i^Ss Seed wbSk#ith l^T %^ "" weed, which carelessly faUs half wfy do^ tte SiS Tte?****'"?^- never to possess good features, being rilpagSosed- but It7*^ ^^ have oonsdered their exbres^ion 5l«tA«?a.v ':.?"' ■®.°'®**^«M«" flatlenipgthehea^whioflrSsS S- I**" disgujting habit of a hideous appeanmco to theS^S^ ThKi?'"' «>»«»»«»« to give P-iously to the esUbTShSft/Sliro;^^^^ / /, ^ PHT t ■ Bay Compi tipped with the rouskel pretty well In the and every r at this time and during in rakiog t over with c that caught distinct kin to 60 lbs. mode of sec round then to air bladd Afterwards wooden tul Colonel " Whatevei tribes of Va another, in in the gem more filthy They are al some shelte on the bar as to be dif unfrequentl resque sitei tures in th their mean terrafirma, canoes, au( bones, piec( of every d( front of evi about, occa constant e: vermin of i fishing, the state, lying lire a few ol a group oeeasionall; canoes beii The firing ( to gaze at } down on tl ^Immm " tures in tbe palisades, generally not above three feet high, constitute their means of egress and ingress. They seldom move about muoh on terra firma, but, after creeping out of their holes, at once lannob! tlieir canoes, and embark thervin. A pile of cookie-shells, oyster-shells, fi^ bones, pieces of (>utrid meat, old mats, pieces of rag, and dirt and filth of every description, the accumulation of generations, is seen in the front of every village ; half-starved curs, cowardly and snappish, prowl about, occasionally hoWling; and the savage himself, notwithstanding his constant exposure to the weather, is but a moving mass covered ^ritb vermin of every description. Generally speaking, when not engageid in fishing, they pass the greater portion of th^ir time in a sort of torpid state, lying inside beside their fires. The only people to be aeeil outside lire a few old women, cleaning thieir wool or making baskets. Sometimes a group of determined gamblers is visible, rattling their atieks, and oecasionally some industrious old fellow mending his eanoe, all tbo canoes being invariably hauled up on the beaub in front of tbe villag*. ' The firing of a shot, or any unusual sound, will bring the whole erew out to gaze at you. They first wrap their blankets round thcif), «nd then sit down on their truneus in a position peculiar to themf-elres— th^«ra ♦51 '' ■■•( ' Vy '" v^ wmmm ,■< . .^J^»... *•■■', ■*.■■>■■ . i*.»..A-.- i..!'.' ,/^ mm .ii«.i' ( <*• •■ ^ miiMII Mlitflii ' „*'• \\-A\ H: / ] •s •V. r > M t SKITUH COtVMtlft AKD TANQOOTM UllJktIP. doubled up into tho •inAll««t ponible compftM, with their ebin rNting M their kneee, and thej look preoiselj like eo many flroga orouehed on tb« doDghill aroreesid." Theae eaTagea aeldom live beyond the age of fifty yeara. A grey^ i haired man ia rarely aeen among them— a fact to be aoeountad for by/ the horrible cuatom preTalent among thou of the aona and relatiTea Amtting rid of the old man when ha if -no longer ablA to aupport himaell. \yery often the poor wretch ia dia^oaed of by liia aelflah family at Um aborteat notice ; but aometimea a general eouneil -ia aummoned to give ia i kit of deliberation to the deteatable aot A. large gathering of the trib k ukea place, preaided over, by the tomtmnotit, or medicine man. If tbi old man ia nniveraally conaiderfd an eneumbranee he ia led off at onei , I and atrangled by a hemiwn cord, or a halter of twiated aeaweed. Nf^ leaa loathaome ia the habit common among them of extinguiahing life ii the womb; and from thia and other eauaea premature birth ia irequei with the women, who rarely become the mother of more than a oouple aavagea of the male or female gender. Every flower, tree, and herb ' growa in the iaiand liaa a name in their 'Iaia]guage, and the aborii have 4>Movered the means of extracting poiaonnom many planta. only application, however, they aeem to ttiaire of thia knowledge ia to rid of any obnoxious member of the eommunitr byxita meana. Fere Gheroux, one of the Jeauit priesta who have been wlMting years the endeavour to iutroduc^e the trutha of the Chri8l|aii religion among theae iboripnea, «xelaima, " He who would aow the aeeda of inatruo> tion in the heart of these savages has selected a mH truly sterile.'' ColooelGrant fumishea ua with a description of the labpura towarda thia end of the Pere Lamfrett. " At first he waa all enthuaiaam. * Pbu qtujt vm$ et$ tauvaget, plut it let aime,' he aaid. The aavagea were amuaad with the illuatrationa of the Holy Writ, and were aom^ what pleaaed with the aaored aonga he taught them. Some of the Isomaas womett laariM^ without much difficulty to chant portiona of the service i^theOatholje Church ; and he inalituted among them the ceremoniea of baptiam and el marriage, without at all. however, making tbem-comprehetid the true nature of theae inatitutiona. When they found there was nothing to ba made by their attention to his harangues their attendanoe\gnduaUy flagged, and when the fishiqg season came all hjs oonverta, male aoo female, evaporated, and preferred the pursuit of salmon to tfaatof veligioa. Qn their return they were more obdurate than ever ; tjie ehann ofpovaltgr had disappeared. Disgusted, be declared they were spoiled by th( ' course with the white man." About thia time the Cowitehina, a powerftil nation, aent " invitation to their paliaades, and {irovided him with an eaoort of canoes. Thia tribe had the reputation of being brave and nnoontamini bv'the viaita ^ the whitea. The good father's enthuaiaam roM ■§ He met with a brilliant auccess among bia new fldenda; in two days baptized upwarda of two thousand of them, and on the third ho manri seven hundred more. Religion havinv progress^ so manreUoooly, ho was beginning to think of introducing the fine arts, when, unfortnnatsly, his supplies of blankets and fish-hooks fell shqrt, upon which bis dio> r inter ruTi eipiss sxp •translation occurring i women; ai aent to bit to inform obliged to 1 FromC Iaiand we during the island and exported ei 8altobn, h< eoaat; atui coal, and without at of the isla eranberriei 18,500 oul auperfioial and fish), i f 'M - ■:4r -ii'fe- TSSa .i-- •A4 r ,lA-^.. FUTMeAL *•«€» ASip MATUIAL BHTOUT 01 tBl ItUNB. eiplM uprMMa thaandret thu*:.—' i5fa#to ikttu.Jatlo tOthm,' Um •IriiDiUtion orwljioh is, 'No goods, uo men.' The flibioR mmm oeourriog about Alt Umo, bit congreRttion wat reduoed to * »• oW women ; and when Ihey came back, finding no fre»b flab-books bad baaa sent to bim, they deapatohed an envoy to the Hudaon'a Bay Company, to inform them that unleaa tba padre were removad tbey would b« obliged to kiA him. , .. ^ . , .„ ■ From Colonel Orant'a exceedingly valuable deaonption of Vaneouvar Island we extract the following statement of tba trad* carried on then during the year 1858. All the fcond /i/# trade baa been between tba island and San Franciaoo; but the Hudson's Bay Company'a Tesaelahara exported cargoes of salmon from Fraser Biter to the Sandwich Mantt, Balteon. berring^ and cod are to be found abundantly all around tb« eoast ; aturgeon and halibut also exist in great quantitiea. The flsbariat, , ^ coal, and timber undoubtedly make the island worthy of attontioft,- without at all taking into account the facilities for farming m^oy pans of the island oflSsr. The exporta ware aa follows:— Coala, UIW ton*; cranberries, IbObarrela; piles, 198,800 running feet; souared timber. 18.600 cubic feet; spars, 1^000 running fiat; sawn timber, 10.000 superficial feet; oysters. 1000 barrels; salmon. 8540 barrels; oil (wha^a and flab), 200 barrels; oolaobnaa, 150 banala. Kf- 0. / '!<;■"; ■ if' ^■^.r- "^ , \ #^S: i : •I ^in^- r ' ' • ' 1 i: ''f I ji^mmmm RRITItN COLUMRU AMD T/INCOinriia UOAIIB ■fi 4- V '■^<^ I 1 V V CHAPTER IV. nx MAINtAMD, OB MKW OALSDOMU. Afwoachik* the mtinlMd. mv from tbe Oulf of OMrgia. wbieh rau between it and tbe Island of VwieonTer. New Caledonia preaenta m aaa- • T*''°',,»*8g«'d. rugged cliffs, against wbicb a foaming sea daahas in- fffectualljr. A monotonous Mries of rocks start up before tbe voTMti'a Tiew all denselycovered with fir trees. Tlie narrow seas between^tba lilsnd and New Caledonia are beset witb dangers to naTigaUon in th* form of swift curreuis, sunken rooks, fte ; while away up the gulf to Jolinsione Straits, and bejrond these to Brougliton Arihipelago. no ■ailing vessel unprovided with a pilot could safely steer its war. A single ^glance at the map will enable any person to peroeiTO thitt th« power holding fortificstions on VancouTcr IsJand. and on the BroughtoZ Archipelago, would be in posieuion of a Gibraltar and a Oronsiadt together,, and grasp the Pacific in its dutch by tbe thioat It ia with the interior of New Caledonia, however, that we have at present to deal, with those auriferoua tracts wbicb proviso to afford^ £.nglaiid as great an inducement to establish itself onlth* PaoiTo M California has given to the United Sutes of America. To^ay wa know aoareeljr anyihing moreof this territory than that it liei on tbe sbom of S! ?"'^?'.i.'"?" tB>1«i«Mi4, bounded by the Rocky Mountaina and , the line of the Americatf territory; and that in two of ita rivers sold ^ rushes with the eurrent Sir E 3. Lyttdn, in bis apeeeb to the House of Commons. nv«. in fact, a aummary of all that is positively known both of tbe oonntry and the gold fields that exist In it "I will give the hous*." he saicl. " a sketch of the little that ia known to us through official aouree; of the temtoiy in which these new gold fielda have been disoovend The tcrntoiy lies between the Rocky Mountains and tbe Pacifio; it is bounded on the south by the American frontier line, 49* of laUtude. and may be considered To extend to the sources of Fraier River. In latitude 65' V '••*•'««'<>"'.- about 420 miles long in a straight line, ita averam b«adth about 260 to 800 miles, faken from Mmer to ooitwrS greatest length wouliji be. however, 806 miles, and ita greateat bnadth 400 miles. Mr. Arrowsmith computes its area of square miles, inelnding Queen Charlotte a Island, at somewhat mora than 200,000 miles. Ofits two gold-beanpg rivers, one, tbe Frazer. rises in the northern boundary, and, flowing south, falls into tbe sea at the south-westem extramit/or the territory, opposite the southern end of Vancouver Island, and wiUiin . o<=i * •. »r*J^^ • ^t-tk^^ '■i^^-^^'" ■^^r -^^ ^i^fiJ^n 'r ^jif^«-v* '-^fsi" * "*' 'I MkMMMte mttrnmrntltd TIU MAINLANI), OR NKW CAtKDOIIU. a few milM of the Amerroan boundary : tlt« olhtr, tb« Thompton Rim.' riMfl in th« Rooky MounUin». and, flowing wMlward. joint tha Frastr about 150 niilM from tha eoaat It it on theae two riTora, and chiaflt »t their confluenoa, that the gold ditcoveriea bate baen mada. Hon genlleroen who look at the map may iiiiagina thia new colony »t u immeMurable distance from England, but we have already raoaivad OTor- tures from no le«a eminent a person than Mr. Cunard for a lina of poet^ •teamvewiela for letters, goods, and passengera. by which it ia oaleulatad that a passenger starting from Liverpool may reach thia colony in about thirty-fife days by way of JJ«jw York and Panatna. Wiih reg»rd to tba a^, there is said to be some tolerable land on the lower part of Fraaar Rt*er. But the Thompson Biver district is described as ona of tha flneat countries in Ibe Britinh dominions, with a climate far auperior to thitof countries in the a«me latitude on the other side of the mountaina. / Mr. Cooper, who ga»e vahijible evidence before our committee on thia dtytnot. with which he is thoitoughly acquainted, raceutly addressed to me a letter., ill whioli he states that * iu fisheries are most talnable, ita timW tha - finest in the world for marine purposes. It abounds with bitui|ihioua coal, well fitted for the generation of stenm. From TbompaoD> BiTOT and Colville district! to the Rocky MpunUine, and from tha forty-ninth parallel sittme 850 niiles north, a more beauaful country doaa not esiit. It is iti every way siiiuble for colonisation.' " Therefore. apJirt from the gold fields, this country alTordtaTa^ promise of a flourishing and important colony. In Charlotte's luand. which we include in thia new colony, gold waa discovered in 1860, bol only in email quaijtitiea. Here I may, perhaps, correct a popnler mis- conception. In Vancouver Island Hself no gold baa been yet diseovered. The discovery of gqld on the mainland wm first reported to the Oolonlu Office by a despatph'from the Governor of Vancouver laland. dated April Ittth, 1856. 'fhe governor had received a report from> clerk in the service of the Hudson's Bly Company at Fort Colville, on the Upper Coluhibia River. Further reporU followed in October, IBSO, teetiiymg to the importance of the discovery. From experimenta made in the tributaries of Fraier River there waa reason to believe that the gdd ' region wss extensi re : the similarity in the geological formation of the mountaina in th* territory to those of California induced the goTernor to believe that these would prove equally auriferous. " Subaequent accounts, in 1657,iaried as to the quantity of gold obtained, but eonfiimed generally the opinion of the richness of the mines, especially above the confluence of the JFrazer and Thompson Rivera. The governor writee on the 15th Of July, ] 857, that gold Waa being discovered on the right bank of the Columbia, a od the table land between that river and Frazei'a. On December 20th h< asoftbed the small qyiautity found to the want of ddll aud tools on the part of Ihe natives, who opposed any white men digging. The Indiana were especially hostile to the Amerieans, and opposed their entranee into the country. Great excitement liow prevailed in Oregon and Washington territory. An influx of adventurers might 1^ expected in the spring, in which ease collisions between the wbitee and ihe natitcs might be txpected to occur. As far back as the first discoveiy in ■'/'- r- /■ "O^-- /■. .■ ,:/ ff 'A :i ,:\ :M •:3 / matm K . *• •■m«H COLOMBIA AND VANOOOVIB IttAMO. iKWnMt. rh« VIght hoDourabIa gtntlaman iha mambar *.rT'.«5..!.-' 4th) that it would ba abortifa to attaoipt to rai.. . ra.inua tiZ ImS^L to dig for gold io that ragion in ^ha abaanca of tffaotiTa ma«hfJ2! aarviog ordar. In tha ^errisa of that diaoration he iuuad #Dro«l.mT Jon (DaoambertlHth. ish). daolaring tha rightaof tracSTn totEi«ld it Thompaon and Frawr Rirara; aaUbliahIng lioenaa faaa of 10a thlah from digging without authority from the eolouial gofernmenl JJiThl! gOTemment had no legal power to iaaua tha proolaraatiin. or oauSi Itto ^''^^^'^•^''7^'^e^ooomfoiuion aa gorernor on th! SJnd^ •nd. ndead. hia aola power haa bean tha moral power of hU anSi' which ha haa preserved peace is highly to bia honour^ Id » latter fmm ^ITJ'S^lV^" ""''""'' «*J'^P"7. March iind^meZit^ that her Ma. eatj a government would Uke i?eMurea to pw%ait erSS fSlS" *?!.■•"'• ^ '"^ ""^'^^ «f Americana TiwlTtoSTyb ^£7!ii**-Tn« " rP'?J?» '*' '""<»''' On the eth of Maj haauffi to the Colonial Office that 450 paaaengera. cbieflj goldmlnmrtad oMBa rooia, there seemed to be no want of capiul or iotellitfanaa ^wnt«nl iTriJir* ^^r "V' •"* B"i«'L«"bjecurand .boS an ^JSo^SX nSfan? ;„S*i r^T" ".'•'•'^J' O^"-*". *itb -on.. FrJSehnin JS Italians And I bava here the pleaaura to observe that ba stotaZ S^t though there waa • temporuy soaroity of food and a da«rth«fho\2i Mcommodation, they were fBmarkably quiet and onlarlT Tha ^J.™!! then toucheaon the advantSa to tbatSd. of thVS2j'fcom thKS^ of so large a body of people ; but ha adda signifleandy •— "•TheinterestBoftheempiremaynotbeimproTeatotbaaamaaxtont J^t BrTHf^""!? °' tuf^'^ population whose sympathies nn daeidadly anti-Brihsh |rom this point oi new the question assumes an alaraia* I'K-rK J**^! "" *°v1-^'>' tho policy of permitting foreigner. toanuJ the British territory ad hbtUm without taking tha oath of \utginMm otherwise giving security to tha government of the oouotrr.' ™"°""' " i«,«?!»'***^ that 'the princiDaldigginga at Fraser and Tbonpaon River, at present will conUnue flooded for many months, ud theraTa gre>t «,arcity of food in the yoW district.; that th. SpiIJidld 3v«' Tn Irt*"^ "*"• ^T V'"' »<»'.«>t7 f > • »ore fltvoorabl. mmod ; tbJt on the dangerous rapid, of the river aVeat number of eanoM bm baM dashed to pieces, the eargoea swept away, manv of the advanturan awant mto etemity-otbei.. nothing d.Snt«l/;«..iSg ont^^pVZ^t : „"5* '9*'°; '° •'•"•ftothe Hudson*. Bay Company, lipaat. hi. fc«»- 'How a«nou.Iy th. peace of the couutiy may U miiSgend juTSi ' \v / r^ "'''mmmmmfrnmrnmim mitmmmmm :\. ■. / ■ / r»'»'' * mmmmm MMMM tHR MAINUKD. OS NB« flALBSOMI*. •I / tTflnt of th« digfingB proting iinr«niuner»UTe. «nd Ui« minm belof nduocd to po»erty. and deatiluM of tlit utc««Mrie« of IM*. • I .hould aUU tbat 1 bato also atfO priTaU leUera mauUj from 5«i FranoiMo. glvJug an acoount of the c«l»ndiug •««ittnitot pro*aUlnf •hVr« aud of tl.« number of Amarloaot. of all olbtr fortigum. aud oT he n.-«roet prepaViog Up aUrl for Fraier Ri^er. In one 1«U« it to .tied that 2000 [eraoSa haTO already left, and 20.000 might leate befort the end of the aummer if the newe continued fatourable; but peibapa the newa df the flooding of the waUra may for • time rturd ao eopioua *" Th?Silli"ier for the eoloniea painta a tery warmoolourrf pictur. of theBoId-lieldingdlelrlcta; eo far *8 analrfgy can 8«W««^ "«*•'"; '• may Moept theS.ient baronef. autement a. being aufflc iently oredibic ' ThJ beat aothoritiea concur in atotina that the aeological formation of , New Cdionia ie almoat identical w?th that of 6regon and Cal.fornlo; in point of fact, a continuation of rock, mountain, and d uTlal drift, of the wme phyaioal atructure m tboM of the two latter weU-kno«n gold. '^'ArSSS San FrandU June 4th. will help u. to jedle. ^^ thine of the natural aspecta of the new colony : y^ from it we can aleo leiJJ however are the Caiiforni.n digger, and^rtore owner, to reach the new land teeming with eo nniob metallio wealtta. ^SMFraneuco, June 4(fc.-From the Frazer RiTor country the new. of the eilienWof gold on a Urge acale, that ie. ettendlng ow a large " 2er«ontinue. to be confirmed. Since the date of my laat lettw- T«y I litUe sold ha. found iu way from the new diggings to Ban Franotaeo. A .teamer i. hourly expecUd which may bring a cooaiderable quanU^. •butwe eaonot w^ct to receive much unUl the p«.pulaUonJner^ and a trade la eatkblUhed with the new gold *>°^^p'*^^^*ff*^ arriyal of gold here i. no proof of it. qon e«i.tence in tbeBntleh poeM» aion. io the abundance reported. _ .».«..— «;i« •• From California the exndue of mmer. continuee. Some tbouMOd. iiaTe lefl> aea. and greatfnumbera are going o»eriand. 'tw^nj •'»« ShaaU and from Yreka. in the northern porUon of thi. .Ute. and tra- Teinni through Oregon to the new El DoAdo. Thi. is a perfecUj prao- Sawf routo"lnd the^jouruey can be wcompllehed in •»><>«»«f »**»; 'Jl^ ••The excitoment in the intorior l. uniTerwI. I wa. up »»>• county thia WMk and returned only laet night, eo that I had an opnortunity of Mgt^TL ly5f From eVery noiSt of the compae. equate of miner, wero to hi Men making for San Francisco to ship th^fmseWe. off ; and I . Jirf^f^^SeSInt. hating beencompleUd for driving 'tock omland^ S»™Lt the demand. of the new population congreaaUng in tha Puget £S.?coS;trr One man had puM«sed a drove o/*mule^ "d anotI«r Sd iiSatod in 200 Califoriian horaes. to aupply tha demand for . !.«Kf«^ TheM two • venture.' wire to proceed overiand in two daya hSii WepTulaSr in horw. h«i been^t Frazer River and rotumed SSvlieed of tE?Sdicio».neM of hi.^.pe. ' He .poke o the oml«d trip withlonthuMam-plenty of gam4 and of graw. a fipp dimato. and no molenation flrom In^M>- \ - \ *? , ".v ■■. ■" ' '■ jF •** ■ W5' mmmmm .* -■ ■ 1 V ,''' . .V / :■ * wm^m wmmm M^^ ;• ■ ■■ "J O' : who could m.„.,« „ l..,;V^t.S?';"' ''""""' *« »""""^' •migration would Mt in fortL ^■•'■«'* Mirted. no doubt . ,.2 XT^"'"'"' '"^^^^^ b. large In tb.t oouBtrj . of go d near the gurfice h„ ?«.??.!» f, ''u P'***"- *"» •fflorWni nim to amooiate himaeJf in •!..«•" *"'* «ndep«ndanca iodiaooZl capital and labour. Hr;«f,,!^l*P"?" "^"'ring an ag«a«uS^ ortwo'oh„m,-,tm6.t '^tI iX***? v°*^'"»» hook/^?jS ^^^ • «P«h.r eauao which will hri„^ L *?* '^l'"» '° «Wa count;, iK ""j! •od..h.t i. the giiat Iwi";* ^^^^^ Portanee. Tbia'^flrsJ TeJ^Sy foT^l:;:* •'••Weratum of iJe flSTii V djinoe at all seaaons in tb^ „?• piT'"5 *P«"«W« •«!•»• in Vbu^ ^ •ttrac\addUionaImi„erttoitf^m ' ^^^^ and thi. fact dJoe wJU which wa^er i« m.m. a l *^'7 mining countrr and I««rK.- J . Wi. '-- V" ' '"W' -^r"^'" '• '% •4 MBiiiili "it ' "nu MAIMLAltD. 01 K>W OAIBBOVU. M rarniDg. Did noi Caliron)i« afford tha mMot of (rati/yiof tbia wi>h, Ihouwnda of our uiutra would likt* Itft tli« country. A« U ii. with nbuuiance of go«4-4««id to b« had cbecp. I Iiat* fouad that • larga proportUii of the farnia in iho interior of tlii* fountry ar« owned Ijr f^irmera wh» bouglit^ tliam willi tho produce of titclr labour in Um ninla. Tiie aime adTtDtagea can be obtained in the new gpld eoUDtrr, there being plesty of good land in (he Dntiali territory in the neighbour- hood and on VLucouver lalaud. It it to be hoped the gOTemment wiU make the price reaaonable." The Aran Ffanciieo JinllHin has a letter from a correapondeat on the Fraxer River, dated May '25th, A-om which we extract the followiof ~ IMttage :— " The igoruinff I arrived, two men (Kerriaon and Co.) cleaned tip flveouneea acd a half from one rocker, the product of half ^ day's work. Mjaelf and partner aUked off twr-Dlaima, ai|d ,aet to work making rookera, and no boarda being off the bar, we bad *o go into tho woodi and fail and hew out pur lumber. . Kerriaon and Co. the next day cleaned up ten ouncerand a half from two rookera, which 1 myaelf aaw weighed. Old California miners aay they never saw aueh rich diggings. Tho average reault uer day to the man was fully twenty dollars— some much more. The gold is very finer so much so tbat it was impossible to save more than twathirda of what went through the rookera." " The area of the auriferous country," wiTte^anotber eorreapondent, is asyet unknown. It seems to, be. however, a eontinuation of the great Calirornian gold fields, runniOg through Oregon (whose treasures have for Tears past been dug up) and the intermediate American territory of Waahington, to the extensive British poaaessions washed by the waters of the Oulf of Georgia and of Puget Sound on the west, and extending northwardly and easterly to the Rocky Mountaina." One word as to the prospecU held out by the new colony for agrionl- tural cmigrauU. Lvinp near the banlcs of I'razer River there ia a vast tract of low pasture-land, which might be made available for the breeding of cattle. Near Fort Langley. which ia situated aome aixty mUes up i'razer lliver, about Tour miles of open land exiat; and in the neighbour- hood of Point Roberta, which is close to the line of boundary between tho American and BritUh territory, there ia an additional traot of green, •milmg prairie. About two himdred miles from the seacoast. along the banks of Thompson River, a magnificent extent of pasture-land atietobea for some three hundred miles till it reaohes Lake Okanagan, at one of tlie souhses of the River Columbia. If native report can be relied upon. Urge traoU of level paature-land are to he met with near TscbesatJ, or Jtrris Inlet, whjch lies near the coast, midway up the Gulf of Oeorgia. and opposite Vanoouver Island. A fine seam of sound workable eoal has been diseorered cropping out of the eurface of the aoU at Bellingham Bay, which is about twenty miles south of the boundary line, and ia, consequently, an American possession. However, when the eountty Miall come to be " prospeoted,'^ a continuation of this seam will donbtleaa be found extending through the British territory. Alieady ajmaU vdn -fc.ZfJ^'^l* "i^Ji** hM been disoovered |jing on •andstartVtWM& Burrard Qanal and Home Sound. ^ t. • . ^ -w , »i li A • ■/# ■^ i. / Ml ■mmhi f^ *- i '■ 84 BRIIWH COIUMBU AKB TASC00t«« ItL4in>. m C^PTEB.V. - . ■ 00U> AMD m TBftB. ' 4".Ji JS?^S*«n'tSr«.^* '°'^*^ ^°'»°^' ''h** " i" «ke in it« native its parent roSa mav iTt iT^ -f "«°*«°<» <>' »»» on the geology of ' wripUon of a SCVibich *«°«d«™d '"•'ewly «ccon,p.nyingTde. discErawhatiuSD^/fj •""'^•***'*'°"°**- The eye can only otber^nranM. h^^'l^. ° "**: "/? "f**"" supported, as in numerous not unS ISsiXfrS^^^^^ »*^ pwcfsei M^^^h.*f^''''''i**^•^^^^ theyT«5 eome to the iunS?^ their bed fi!^.«L^ the atmosphere, shoald contain the metallie soofl enlighterme" ^f'U'n'S'rU^^^^^^ ? r?!!S«**' *^' ^ historical emimmL and inVkM h^^fJl *^'* """'"l' "'^ t>«»me an of knowledS^dMiinL if??!! S."'®-^ *^^ possessor of a portable stook un hi. IriKi. !? f*^il* ''**' 'J*' P^oiplea that gnide bim in maUwr Xelo^LTy'i^S^,;'^^ •implicij^it beini? -Iwa^ woSHJ load. insSffof SS,I!1^** *^^ commodi^ which Is hypSthetioaUy no ^?ea^5^hJ" "•>*"• •"»''"«• «f igiK^C-whiclte pleSflirM*iSiS*^St ■'''^^^ I««^ iS^L^it «,»-log7of igada- in only merons It was led the edicted latwas >untrjr, ninent km his Count th the oeiUity The tin of j«.its >7lhiB I spon maris '^ wired in the t sbiL "< it the nean Btook aking 1 our lyno eh is on is «ntT. . runty JistricU that, although perreotly well known to be auriferous, they are not ri6h enough to be worked In the United Kingdom the precious metal is found in the Widdow niountaina, in Cumberland, in Wales, and in Scotland. China, India, North and South Ameripa, Asia Minor, and the islanda of the Indian Ocean, are more or less auriferous countries; and of the European rirers, the Bbine, the Rhoue, the Tagus, and the Danube, it has long been ascertained tliat they are auriferous, though so poof as to preolude the hope of washing their ssnds at a profit . In j>bint of fact, the gold fomnd in Europe out of Busris, is too in> appreciable to enter into our calculations. Before the disoovery in Califoriiia and Australia nearly all the gold of commerce, amounting to about 60,000 Ibi. weight, and ofa value of ^5,000.000, was obtained from Asiatic Russia, Brazil, Transylvania, Africa, the East India islands, and the state of Carolina. This very genei'al distribution of gold, combined with the fact thatit almost always occurs in nature in ita native or nn* combined state, thus attracting the eve by iu blight, untarnished appearance, clearly accounto for ita beingknown as a precious aitiela from the remotest periods. Accordingly ita early discovery is not to be wondered ait It eziste, as we have shown, in a pure stato, is of a bright reddish jellow colour, it will not oxidise or rust like the ignoble metals, and, being generslly the produce of disintegrated rocks, which, together with other dibrii, the effects of aqueous and atmospherio aetion, is eanried away by the doods into the valleys, and to distances varying aeeofd- iug to the size of the metallio fragmenta and the force of the current, till 'fimklly it is deposited in dark glens and deep wate^holes. ^Again, when the current has been intercepted by nrotruding banks, or eneoked by sand bars, the river's heavy spoil has been wrung from it, toper pyrites, to which list man, eonsidering nature not inventive^^BOugh, has added brass To a person acquMutsd with the resulto of geological aoicnee, ft boulder, a pebble, or an accumulation of sand, day, or mud, is an evidence of that mighty mutation of the earth's mass which ingoing en *' }■ ♦! W ''•'^.^y A .« V -v •."»:' .7C^!Wf,« :.34-;.4- ii M / i' !^\ * BniTWH COWMBIA AND TISCOOTEB IIOAKD. time., submerged in tbe oc^t^i^Sern-LAA^^Z ^^ "V. •ewal 18 but an effect of the dii^miii7'^ihi.t *''" ^^^^* ** **•• "•»* upon the moM of parent rMk Vtilk^u^u" **' *"""»* <"■ atmosphere uj into bouldeS ZU& lit^h?"^ S!r?M?- ^ ^A*^ sand and mud. Traniformation aSrw*r..***^\/"'*t"' «~"^* ">to name of this unceasing aS-Lt^^^^ not destruotion, bowerer. is tbe borrow the rock to b, "iJtm S 'ilV^l atmosphere and the wet* do btit only bites its way Jnto oio ^Imu^a- * T*^«?t. "d the sea current • /bain of mSfnvTat ihSf li?! "'^V ^ H *•"• fo-n^atioa for deposited in layew Sneeth tL .«- ^"•'•nent anoAer. These rocks; roclcs. and in 2SJ S them colH^In!^^^ 'Igneous or stratiiS their mass, in veins or SmS&'nf?"*^' occurting mainlr through width. Tothe«»* through from and the Tolcano^aw alto ZtS^ *«"'bance. of which tbe earthquaS protrusion ofTiJSo'rrrKrua^^^^^ This uobeaTin| id and fissures to be fomed which TiSL^S ''"***•"• """•"^ "•"J «»ok» increased in number Th«i-«i:.«'",*^'' •"*^» «■««»• *» be cooled. all been moUen oXd by th^Sn'^f'jeS wf •** ^^^^ inlj) contact Kith the stratiiS hire bJ tJS^'J*'"''"^!' ^^^^ ^'^^ *«•»• to become partly fused -and this mJinL if "^ '?*"?"" heat.caulied them series of rocks partXk Jf the cbn.&r "' V°.uH*' P>^'»«»d. a third by geologists petamol^Sro rode!. '"*•"' ^V"^ ^"' *''»• "^ «*"«d skeKfatd rpricSii^ra",: s"'- ^"i^'^«i*» »•*• *^- straUfied rocks are priSly iJd S InS'i"*^ \= tbejqueousor stone, griutone irraTal .nJ L!f-i ' ^' ■"<*^'«>«» 'ocks. Sand, sand- olunch.^arr.Tar.ud%h.IerateT^ I?™ **'*' uT^^ ~«*- ' -»S^ are chiefly cimpos^dof chSk W»«? *'*" ^^'^i.^'bile tbe limerodEe through the iXlaoJi «f . Jl^r***"** ?"*• """«• As wo h«Te said! wJiictf succeeded iiU^^VndtS^^^^^^ «»»»• ..tion which the reader wSJinderstandm^^^ respective ages. It will be cW .1^ 4?.* tT^ r® *be order of Ibeij deposited in the coXioS Tl;^S!!^tlill'^J^l'^-^'''^'^'^^ mawh. or river, they would be SSnSrLS ^.i.'"''"^'"? '? ■•*• ^^^ Hring at the period.^ ^SostVthrSSSj^lS:^"' f'.tha^ammali; , served remain^ and aw^thus called f^nSi^ '**?" .*"°V^ these' pre- oldest aqueous rocks?3.ouMacS^'?^^^^^^^ Again, the primairTer the pre^nce of ancien 'Sidr« S*^^^ the synonym science' applies to them. ^*°^'®' "b'ch. accordingly, ft /tSnaformedrm^UJSic^^^^^^ , /wjBMuiuc IUNB8 01 three minomla. ««■>*.. *i % -y-*vmwuj day slate, i to tbe acti thrust tbn ' become mi tbe change are the oh ornptions.o they were I be able to Forbes to palsBozoio 1 in mind ab it in the oh Sir Rod washings c eastern flai sand and i mines of ._ jvith vertied traverainfl gold dt tr their natjdn •goeous and gold, the/qu consideriul) that found i elosed i^a 1 dissemipatm , app of Calilomia gold his bee and recently ing every vii mass of qiiai ridm»sL" In every found gramt mentioned, ela^./sand, ai driliu which i varies in thi< . letter ii diggings:--" foot thick, be that grey claj 'Was Bometim .found; and tl Tariouscoloui of bard white :\ # (^ttt AMD m •T cl«j date, &0. An the i^tder his observ^. tbii iransfonnatioii ig am to the action of the loMnse beat of the igneous rooks when tbej mn UiruBt through them/ eonseqiientlv any of the 4iqueou«° rooks mar become metamorphy It is found! however, that Aiey are genaraUy the changed pnmary'rocke, and this for tiro reasons ; flrsUy. because tbey are the oldest, an^ hence dating from the period trhen those mich^. orupUons.occurredy and secondly, because, being the lowest in aitoaSoii. Chey were neamt io the source of heat Our readers wiU now probablr w 15.®**°.?°**'^*,"*' *''* *<*"*'« 8'^««» *»7*'»« »•*• Professor Edwaii torbes to the g^d seeker: "This roeUl is found in connection with paJsBozoio rocka or in tertiary drifts of a very recent epoch. Bear this in mmd abdutioH. that it is useless to waste your time in searching for It in the older iertiaries or in secondary rocks.*' * Sir Roderick Murchison estimates the yearly produce of the sold washings of7the Ural at ^8,000,000. The metil is found on iS5 eastern flanks of the Ural chain. It occurs mingled wUh quartioM sand and sfraTel, lying in the courses of former rivers; but at th» w/rLwT'^w!'''' 5T Ekaterinburg, there is an extensive min«, mth verticil shafts and lateral galleries, which foIlow4he qukrtz veint Sl^*!3?"F^^",''H:, "^*"' "^•i" "ays Professor Ansted. "in which the* gold rff the Ural Mountains and Siberia is found, are «iy variable in S^l!L"*fe*' ,!'^«'»d«'? grahites, metemorphosed schists, and other Igneous abd altered rooks. In the Bussian alluvial deposite oontaioinir gold, the/quartz, pebbles, and fragmente are those which yield the mott S,lf^' ^^?«°«f!»l.*>>e matrix coDsisteofcoarsegnTvel, not unlike ttatfouiid near Woolwich; but there are also true auiiferoJs veins in- SJMmiSated? ^ *^ ^^^^^ *" ™*°^ ^''"^ of quartz, with gold 'It of Calif lears," sars the same authority, in describing the seoloffr a, "-that the district north of San Francisco, irom which the appears,' omia, "..«._ „ „. „^ *.»„„,»„„ w„ wmon ue gold his been obtiUned, is a broad tract inclosed on the east by a loftr and rebently elevated tract, partly volcanic, partly trachytio, but exhibit ing everywhere igneous rocks, perhaps not unlike much of that sinffolar ^IJJj* quartz rock, porphyry, and jasper, which abound* in theTJral fi. ;i ®^**7 **°®..'*^ ^'^ localiUes wbere ,the AustraUan gold baa been lound gramte^and motemorphic rocks occur, and quartz roeka are often mentioned. Rarely has it been found in the actual rook, butm the drift $•?;*"?••. »?o,g«''el, or lying loose on the Surface of the ground. Tbia driltJ which 18 formed of loose unconsolidated masses of dj, graveL ft© . ▼anris in thickness from aYew inches to twenty or thirty feet ' J-— i ***' ?.V!'*/^*'H'"*'* ^'^9»* gives this account of the Ballant foot thick, below which was a layer of rich black alluvial soil, and bdnw . that ^rey clay ; below that again was a description of i^ graveL lAkb ^as somebmes very good; then rod or yeUow clay, in wHioh gdd wS .found; and then a stnitum. varying in thickness of day. stnJnd with jranoua colours, and scarodv worth working ; and the next atratnn was or bard white pipeclay^ which was a decided barrier. Immediatdj above / / l-4t /- V ' t \.- > \ ; -^ 98 BBITIIB OOICHBU AXD TlXCOmrXB MLAJQ). or wheierer «•• fo^ «f 4I " Mnabanks and •nitoare aoonmulfttiiiff, tf.e^8Dw!fi2'^..£•^H£^'^° «f *'''\ *' »«^^ •' >• °«»^»» to remember \. ih^ Ydd win ivT^t^. r\-j ""»» °"Dg8 sBouid have been mixed with it Sw th- «K„te"V"'"**'^' «««?'•"« black.discbarging bubbles ■.;■) '»>■' ■A -f Vv W^i^ :*.. ^ ^lusaw igs- ' "y. ♦" "f %■ ' %(■,: BBITUB C0LU3IBU AWI) TAMCOirftK ItLAMBi. * I' ■ they wet« aeattered about, siogljr or in groups, on thalnoad entmelltd Jf ttrSriiiV^i.^'^?*"!? ^•~»^Pt*»" of *>>• '«t pastoral cowSriS -LIS « *• "** ****!• "P°° * thousand WlIsV It ii a land Jit.1,!^?" pemianMitiy alidea. for in certain aeawina of SJ K»^.^!f i and withered; the brooks and streams an dried up; the «iinS.KJ?'/"fi? 5' MpirinyTerdiire.and leaving behinTCm a ^ W ««*^ ?^ :*"*,•• ••""•* *y '•'^«». «»• beSi of former tonrataC 0««i?I.n!7l^* '*°'^*? *»°*^j"« "d "<»»••• the thirst ofibeiSrSS ^ 2Srf«"^ the monotony of this vast wilderness is interrupted^ S^h «w 1? ^^\t '"^ "^ Hnwtone, broken into confoMd-musMl -w« iVir- Jui^^^i'^ V ^°"7 »«>d Vron ridges of rock, almost impass- able, like those denominated the Uaek Hilli Beyond these Wtha ?trnt.-c";or7d-' fc^~'''y. Wains, the limfr^^^^^ S! "ChSmbe«'j«;,r„S"^-'"r°**"*^'?? ^^ *>^ P»P«« «onWbuted t» the whSe^ni^«;«,7V*'^"" a TiTilmcture of prafiie life. At daylight wl!i;?- f°«»™PWM>t harness np,'ana proceed in one huge ca^w roi?te«L*i!*T '"*/«.'"i»« wnyersS when they canX?^ S road becomes broken, and intersected by morasses and streams. th«h«ln of numbers in dragging the mules, or eltriJ^TtG wSJnl^il of £• ntmost importance.^ and supersedes ereiy other thoulS?Da?s dans! without Meiqg another humin being. exJept when Vmounle? IndK ax>8ses the path, sweewng bjr like a whirlwind ; and eten if S happMl Si';f"«r*?hl''bJ?/%5 "^ "u"^* **» retuS the ieuS^oSr *5P. ." '"?^y~~*h" h*™ wW%d m the posture it would lake in « SoSfhi'/IK-. ^ Tf •?« P^**? ^" salecte/iTSIL to S^nd iate AfflS'^hf^irSrr?? !'.*''•"* ''^ *^« »»••* grass within waT «ti?«Sr«f tf? V'*^*' ^^^^ '?*» *^» ^«»»»* w»t«he«. to ward off S aUaeks of the natlTes. some of wbom are continnaHy in auAusb wateh! ing kn opportunity to carTT off cattle or heises. SVHiSS.S exwsJ 51.^7?°%?'*^ *Vf5 ^'^ J(l"fif^°» "• ''•way -^ damping- SsinSKS ^T- "•?■"*»•/* ^fmcetul antelopes may be seen in the dirtanee SSi %'!!?'""■ "^ *»»«hi wh^ shot, the wolws gather to feast S^hl JSuranS Jf'Syi^r; S^Vkj Mountains till test SrASrf SS »« fh^^Ji! T** *'*'^J ■dTenturer. "qiiese hiUs bt thelPar West hse ta the region of perpetual snows, and an upwards of 11 000 felt iZ IfJ^ft' y** *«V'^8ht '^m tte)rimmed.Cw %T "^^i **•. »?«8*Md. as they sweU up irom elerated plains keW deXe sSrilit?™ *• 'T* ^ *•'• ^^'^ Thei521.'i!dten 57 Shi? d^Sfe*^?"^ "^^^ V;*^ *»™«^«^*»»« *tritusof thegranito fl!iteft.rl «?^?. « trees^and herbage, seorobed by the ardent Snd »- A«.?fi.?J!"' *^««'intaei;:ssunrand In winter swept by ebiUing bkS Aomthpsnow^jlad mountains." The defiles are eSeed&igly^h^ broken, ai horses. 1 and Tarioi of plunder Frbtal reasons foi Messrs. 8 ■.advertised vessels dir following 1 Fin See -'■ Thii DitI An out! means at i of the requ Other ar may be pun towels. 6d.; and iroollei 28. Od; hoi] blankets, 2s. rifle. .£5 6s; Forth»i once to the < extract from Oregon :~ , *• There i mineSr owing near its ban Mason horn , ^.. • "K .— .^«^^ 9 ' "It*- "A 'fi""»" m mmmtt \, liMiMiihiiiiiiiii HOW TO OBT nmtm. L 'I -41 broken, and the trayelUng ■ ptinTQl Md freqnenttj fgtal to bardenod Sf JlJidS ^ WbM^f fwUeM intr.i^en,who prof 1 about In oIuS From the foregoipg statement it will h\ admitted tbat we bad aotand m1II^«' for recoramenaing the route by 8ea\undere«.tin*cfrcumatanee2 ^adrertiMd tbeir intenUon of despatebinj; a tucoession of ftSdalo f/llStog'SU?- ''•• *" ^"«» V l4>d. and Frair BitS^S oeoona ditto , V ^q j^j -|q^ ■ ' mff iul^ Married eouplea in one berth 45 Os. iJitto ditto Single people . 1 . . , fm ^^^ - -. n,i..n- ^t*?i-f^.=^ °!'*H°fu^ " ?°y P'***' nekeMarily regulated by the mean, at the disposal of theemiglrant We Vubjoii a pubfishod S of the requisites for the Toyage, with price* affiled U *""'""J^ "» ODim FOB 10s. Od. j^ outm tob 10s. B«d. . . . . . Hook Pot . I Water Bottle . . I Wash Basin. . . .Metal Plate . . . uDrinkingMng . . Knife and Fork. . Tea & Table Spoons 9 Sheets . . ' . . Coimteipane . . lOs. Od. Bed > , , , ^ . KIlow. . . . . . 3 BlookeU .... 9 Sheets . . . . . Connterpane ... Hook Pot . . . . Water Bota» . . . WaA Basin. » . . Metal Plate .... Drinking Mag . . . Knife' and Fork . . Tea and Table Spoons 10 Othar articles of wearing apparel and utensils for domesUe mmosaa SSii'r"^'^ *" *•!? ••"•M'io- ^Coloured and whKSSJWS; ii7*„!n • '"***";"" «nderyshirts, 2.. 6d.; elastio drawers. In. OAj cottSi ««/?' the^ information of aueh as may bave decided upon prootedinff at once to the diggings on their arriTal it Victoria. weJnWtSTSSnir gtawt from a letter of the Timat' corn»pondent in CalifoS tt! ™ JIJ"*'" ■*? ^IP"*^,' difflcultiea to be encountered in getting to tb« aunes, owing to the swollen state of the Friier BiTer, and to the Monbr L^*\?"'S ^^'or"""^**^ »>yO»e fiwbetewhicb pwfS il SZ season firon the rndting of the snows of the Bockj Mouitaim* and ia U' •r ' M V. r ^ . .V.» .' * t L- \ >- •I1TUH COLOMtU AXO TAKOOOTBB ISLAMD of getting f^ni th" coa,; to tE; iJl!.!."''"^/ '^''^ "»•"' ""^ «P*M» dewribedV.MmnatPortToi^jJSr .?5.7 "•?•"*•* "*"•' « a»ui fifteen milel tCe Fort Hone Fr-«, pP ^T ?'"*' «<"»«n««»«l tbout Teasels of conSeJablf .ila^L f.r^ .?*'"r."u*^,°,V^8»>* ^ "•'"og h»lfw.y betwwn Fort LtnaSAnSi"**??"*'* o^ Hnrrtfen IliTer, o! Port Towneend chawe t^ ?S. ^ ^"* ¥*'P^ VeMell idling iJom dollar, to Hartson SJer alfoiS /.T'T" ^*"* ^"^JeT. Md^fUwi T Fovisiona wltbout cba'e fir ZJhT /X"^*' ^^w''^^"* ">»°t»»* Hirer tbe rapids comSSe but form no rlt*! »o»>th /of the Hwi^m Hope." Some Wrout« to i^»i^^^!T"' flf'«?tt'^">«~ "boTe rort bavV been tried? but^?Mri«JLl. ^ H «•«'"*>/ "»•, F"«« »iwr •afest and euiest roite^ "•""• " ^'T* *^** *^** '^'" "^w^" ">• ' FraJci;Jr4'e\'l'Sh?ortt^^^ Sf ,'• -"* »-'• 8« freight on erery trip either at ?^l&T*r^ «»¥o'M»d paasengen and tl.e fomer). V^.acTuSr WaL?" rteC.^« '^ ' with tbe goTeroor: and it i. ..«^-i^*i 'v •** iifrangement nadt Company %reie%Tsionfo?^^^ »V :ij. ^^si^B! MM „ -■''■'>■ " ■ .,i-i:-«S; ^m-. It,-: iw. mtftmhitmtu^ ;"•■ » , *■',; t*: tT no* TO •R JBMMM. SSj'^.iJlSi? ,^«^.««»»Pl«; W. m.7 M well add tiuit Brlddi pi«. St. Paul. • town 09 the twy eoutfiiM of eiTlliMMon. to ST. JSJ S?P.'7«*''*^n'*'"*^'y'^"'° Whence it *UI bo KlUlycSJloS'SrS tho Paofflo. Oownor StOTon.. of WaaUingtoa Unit^.^^h^ WMtom taminua i. rituaud. apon tho 8t«^^^ VanoouTor laland from tho mainland), ontertaino tho ateooBertZSff a. to ita praot eabUity. Tho longth 0/ ibo Une wiU i l«Soffilo?iiS\ portion or which i. oomplolod. Nino hundml miloTwill h«« te^i^ through an undulating Iwunliy. with no inVu%Mbto ^rinllriw l« \^ nearij eooo feet high, and down into* a fertile Tallev to erat* a^.SuZ ' ^go at an eloTaSon of about 4000 foorriaiig .brCnuT lkW%I Pacific. Thero ia otoij reason to ouppoao that br mSS£ . JnTwJ /to Uie north, both thoM rangea mayS "nSwId StJ^JSllfSit^ ?nZ?r!f?, ""^ ^P^''^ " »« JddUio^nl'tiTt5*KSS2.S !«!^:'i'?»'''*''"J*'* *»'*'»• North Paciflo KaUway wiU U rooldul ' Conrerted into an acoompliabod iaot •«tw.j wm do ipeoauy to StrH^'i^^ InftjmMion eonVeyed in tho following oonnmnleatfon W^t the effect of tlie won^MUs uewa may haTo Iwen upon tbe^Sutto TJr^Jh «"> opJj Jidg« from the yast commotion cwiSin OalifeSu! Son A «2 wU?? '^' ^•'^«?'? '«"' »•- contiilSd fS SSKS "M yw oeen reaobed. Thouaanda of our citiuna hara h»mn <1m>1mXm2 ehaaing poU^t of all aorU of miner.' aoppliM fo? tha inltlSJi^ Ijoplo oonj^ating he« from Of ery paWSiK^ Bound. TVoompIoto their outfit a Coli'aioTolwSneSi a nEW SiSL^i*'*"**itf*'P*T"«- Thew^tSZa^TflSOTiSf'" Calodoni^/Tory different from oar miaerable Dijgw iid«nidp5 % ■^. w^.P- "J. ■'N V TT MITIM 001W..I AKO TAKOOCM I.UMO. PoSX\*iS:iKlt ^^P«;t«cUan Son., of U.. n.p.^ th.t wurw wljof, WM notwSor«rL ''°";,'*"'''' •"^ «»»««"I« from •ocalJed Indian wan wiS K-Zt "*""*• OoTernment mar proW •qutndar rallliona bcfor. tl7fi» .«^ 5 ^. *5 ''"8^"' of tha buaioaaa. •riiied mineri. Men nl.o har. -Itt a }^ "' **'"*<'° »' «»«np« of wall. California know 1.0^10 i.,,;"^r!'Xft^^ ^/^ '° *••• "»oSritidnri ■ tha worJd. To al.ow tha exffnt nf "^ •}*«» ba/tar than anj ngulart la c«U8«| by tba r«,.nt e'odw of «„i:? f"^^^^ ^"'•''" n«w.p.i)e«S>m graphed two dava aince io if..?. PfP"'**"»». Sacramento journala Ml!- •enS up onl> thV wo.51 ft.S^^ »" tbi- citj that thir ahouS noAh. But thaaoc3/oi«l!. ','"', °.«'" »»«"> e«p«ptad Aom tha ,*>ora than aU. tbThJd bXeT"^''*'" "^l^ ««»''™'^'^« of^^ hack, and hara already could «.^.m "«•»'<«»! thej could not be h"d •nd cauain* U.a fave/to We Jl.h i* .T"%***i'"«f '"•» *<» the flam.," Th^" m;>.;7peroV";;^TdiJ,ovl?v n""!'-'^^'^''''^"'"-" A-iX own bo;Sara.*;nd iu ufl^Tcanlt fTJ^'"* e«narieuced within o^ oirn _^ ^^ whole domain ofTivUiiuitiM "L«l■;"'^^■"*'i*■*''""<* wW'ot^ 0.21"reBia(ered paaMn~„ J;° ^ Ws*' " '^»J»°d hy the reooid that Te««.la for the new miSS It i. J? t ' P*""*. "» •*«»™«" «"«» «iSi ^oae deparUng «• nT.nuLmtS in tS «'"''' '""' one-foSh^ house. He eteamabip Cott^wU^i the clearances at tba Oustom- canried about 1.40rpaLnffiS^^Sonl/£^ "° *^« *'*'' in-t. wSTy Panama saUedf June 14th. SS'at A™ *'" "P"*?*^- ^'^' «>• waa for ft70. Fully 1 2 000 ^^«!!«-^ "OQjiassenirerB^arhen her olearanee O the Uat two m^ontffaidTrS.wlHp''^ ''"»>'• ^ 16.000. That the next t'rLtti'fi,*;:.^'^"^.*^'*^ *! °°' i.- »»>« is no question; and it ia safe to M««mi r^ ***'^^.*° *1"*^ number theft tiro ocloek'^of U^r'S^a^JroJ^urioS^^^^ quite by aoipriae. Sha WMSS'exi^iSJ"'* '"••»**»«" "!• *^« ^ Company hafingjjiren JnfomaSon ffi^..'*' ■*{?' **"• ^'*« MaU before to-day. The aeniiltSm .k ^* »*»• woal4 not probably aniw Excitement ^and.ntic'ja^'ijte ^r^f!*^^>& weeks, as no steamer hid coma^ni^ ««'l,' ^'fif"* T*^^ '« twoentlw than ihe Panamt whifih^!i.S^ *° *^« interim wStl. l.»» -^ Paoiflo had arrivid Jn ih- fi5f ^t^x ^•^ «» »»«• 5 than thHiSZiiJ* Si?;2\<>f /«n^ b^^^^^ ' ^ naggeo among the general maaa. althoogli / X %fc ■■^-f^-^^ ,pjr.- "iH^'^ -N 1 MOW TO airlTUM. ^ ■om* otbw papcre of larg« olrcuUtlon bad MtmiagW wavarad ud. northward bouna In laaa thaa olbar alriren to ohack tba awalling tida of tha „„.«.««« „«„■«. « i,. „«» I?».l 1 J„ui?r> ^'"'i?" "• •"**• '''^*«'« 'ha city with Um aa«^ wkf hi K f "."••u ^.^''''S* ■••""«• bacama doublj aiira. and thoS •nd went in pollmall with all tha aatlm.iaam of fitth" eonrarta. tS quoalion waa no longar. Ara you going? but. Whao do joo gat off? iyuKiS* "i ?"'T/'J^*°* **' "'• JMUtim, tlia lattara of »bU am ry abla. and bat a hitherto prorad tha moat eompralianaiTa and aiaot Surnriaa raaobed Fort Langley. on Fraiar Rlfar. Jiioa fttb, and iw^ . coaAjd to Fort Hop*. arri,l„g ihera next day. Tha alaamar I. tlS {£ ^ S,rit?i.T5^ ""• '^\*'*^^\Vort Langlay. and e«o on the aame route. TheylU) ehaim twen^ dollara pauage from porta on the Sound to Fort Ungley and il Sat tof^ *"* ■* "*"""** ''"^ ^^•'"P henoeforih near? / "«. *t !???'!•? ^\^t^ of May and th^ 5th of June flftj eanoaa bad^ naohed Fort Langlar, eontaining an average of aiz peiaona eaeh. Tb« Governor of the Hudaon'a Bay Company, with four direetoi*, and CaoUin PreToat. of the Britiah ateamer SateUite. bad proeeeded to Foit Yale, where they appointed Cukom-houae oiBoera. They were ebrdially. woelTed by the miner* on t&a Tarioua bara along the rivar. and appointed magiatratea from amon^them. The Hudaon'a Bay Conpanw II pursuing a conoiliatory coune and keeping favour aueoeaafuUy. Afur - the let of Auguat OoTeraor OougUaa wUI enlbrea atriedy the tarns °%.f?u *? proclamaUon, requiring e\ery miner to haTO a Ueenae. for which he ia to pay fite^ dollara per mo^ He expceta to have advioaa from the home gOTomment in England dveanwhUe. and tha imnnaaioa 18 that the same regulationi will be tbenXesfliblished aa tbooa whieh • have proved Mtisfaetoiy in the Australian conies. Tba adlek that no ftwght ahall ha taken into tha interior on the s'teamen, or otherwise, except that abipped by and. belonging to t^e Bhdson's Bay Com^y, / /ll / ■ / /> \ \ 9^ \ / / t I -~r ~. \ ' > ^ K 4$ ••^"g •iffbt of lb. & **"* '^hJfe gifini S,'!^* "■TOoBPMyfer ^', •*»«» «pJowd. eou«i i!: " *® *••• r»«t fmut It '"** •»•»• font ia ««ttipg thei/ in « a * 12 ' '*"' *««k.. «nd th.* - 1W°8»- Tb«yi3 J'fiwgth of timJ °a!? °' •*• *• th« rirJrln?**'''''? ^ ^ W^ ^JwJaratfon of arrii.^ . ** y*' »Hth tbis i?.^?.?"" "•"••n ▼«? hiA feJ A' Tv^.: ^iPgfrf^—^-K ir*' m«mU^.«4,^> '*' ''.S'lW^' ' V ■ta4 rrar in, to tb« for ■N? HOW TO eiT Tuma. 4T. •ioglo diy. and rutli off with mittlMi tpoMl. naktnff tlaMi ••.^ m«h. •totnier lUm.luo; Juno Q.h. .t.«mer Commodort ; TJiTToA SSJ^ doop Curljw; June I4th. .bip Wmi.m Umj ; 7uS isil/bwk fii ^hoon«r O-prer. bark Mtdonno; Jup. luth. .UamnSiS; Cro? Twi . tho Cu.t.m hou«,. He,id« tl.««i there •!« Mrerd Wt lo tStoi! '''iJ,,*''*,^"'"'"" PorU on Puget Bound, wbich J^Zndn mlj^ puMDgere. The departuree for Fnxtr ft Ter rrom Ian FraneiM» hi*. no been e.. tb.n 0000 in this period of two ^^kM-Th!^S!ZrS ' public saile for the north agdn on the aand. the Orewn onlhl M^T clipperehipe. bark., brig*, and .chooner»-are noi/adTerUiedtoSn with quick detnatch. tome of tbe .mailer clau to Uka PWIoiSw thwSh cabin paMage by steamer, to Victoria f. «Mj «Te doIUri? iim IJS vJ^ri^i. n ''»"•'•• Nearly all the ^ig?a,ion heuci wiU land « rtL J*l« .^"^"""fto ^»iii Ihta aute !2 *l*T S']5*^*""» *? •••^* '''••^y excwded 12,000. It atatoo tbat Stem Uio lat of May to the lAth of June l».aoO paaMDgera lefk 8aJimi.t«ftS 8aa Franoiaco. againat 6.800 during a p«Tiou?^riod ^'wti& wk!^»^u "•. "•, '•^*' "t '° *• found V actual record to ba 8 07^ tuo raab Ibom tbe aouthem mmea la erea more oeneral than Amh «i^ Franclaco during the laat week lure aTeraged flVo hundwd StaSlJrf ^ tho Fmer River bound, and it i. aafe to aay that tha doJStJSL f^ tbia city for the north baf o rniohed tbe aame daily tToraafcthol .S ™ J?a«. ^1*"°' ■" •PP««nce ai»ilar to the irtJrtoJ VTiISS ^Ik fy^' "^PI^ *WOM, aDd Tobiclea of ^«,t oh.«etir.» caUod into requiwtion %k tho imnediato omenMicV; ud^ .!! emiffraUon of tbouaanda to a region totallv uncanDlkd ^ iIm^mU moitioi noeoasaiy for tbeir nao aid turteniSr^ wtth tho com. tv w "^ipgfr*-^ •■nif ■^ \-" ( I aifiiimimttmm^^^M I, 1 The mSil^^r • w»itii,u.UoD of t"" *"^ ««e4r to j!?**°" »>0'»d numb«M jTV? '?" J»«'t»a«cioaii nftii '*•• Even nft.«,«*7"®P»'«tod ,_ .»\ Alftxander Yo boatmen in S modore, and t remainder of I . miles aboTe i Y«le. Theym . thi rise in thi bundred and ; doubt that thi There were fro from four bun( The Indians ai numerous part' farburablj, bee Bostons than Jhey hare leai dollar a day or river, tbey now portion of the fearful of havj exoeodingly dei bacon at sevei pound. They n ., and retommenc going by that re and obtain' a o which they will Satellite u stati manned by twen up. They also easyoracquisitii represented as 1 snow veiy deep. about the middl carried on to a( prospect for dry Indian guides, w] Saliyon was Ter game bad beeno from some halM apooies is desoril exceedingly fierce Birer was first d afterwards shot a controTersy relatii is necessary to fair informants are of country, and they •^5W^-^f,»t"<^»W ' ' ■"'X^f: iiSL •■ l< « ■'" ■ .' "^ ■ ,. ■• ■.■ ■.'r . ■ * ■/'■'■ / ■' HOW xo on Tuai -g moJore, ud look t^rSoit ^^ nil . "^, ?" J"* "—^ <*>»• numerous party, headed by FoETS.!!?^^.^"'"!"""- Thempro faTourably: because SwTobUdSmAi iL:* "? ^*T»?«l *® ««*«▼• <»«•« Bostons San froS & gS«^S JS 7. ^fi!; *^*'f J'**?" *•» »•>• fearful of havinff thiiir ««H«»ii ^- ° "J"^ Boston*, beln* carried on to alvStaJe i^Ji %' *'"''''« ni?in« c*nnot b* prospect for dry dSri?« in *Kj*- '"'S,*^ """*« ^"^ •»«*<»« to fndiM guides, whoSJbS^t.-?""- , T^«y ^^ «««ompanied by gtmS had been S83SoVethf«ZA\"^^ No L_ \ 7 ■ ^ r ■ f •■ -i-e-.:>' 13-1- -^sf '»f5i '^'^ rf^'^-fy^ i i^-^\ '^ (•} / 1 ■ ■■'^ ■ 1 • ■ • n - . ?ff»^«^M^^ie>«ii|M^v . ,- -fv •''.*f* 60 BBlIltH COlirWU 4KD t*MO»T,»^i£^ left Mr. Henry Ken veiy successful. It ii retom u soon ai th mining.' "We extract the { **• Mr. Joseph T.: ui that he has been i Bar, during which tii aaTS there are partiei dollars a dar with rool and in good spirits.' V ' Between Fort 1 Bush left, about thre making less than ten Only thirty-flTe or fori "•AboTe SaUor's imposing a tax of. a ground Which the Inc •••The river is n canoes as high up as ; safety. The Hudsoi the fort •"Mr. Bush says river. He con|Btf to rej as possible. . "' Two miners of i in a canoe, after an al stage of the river tM near them were makii " '.Up to the latest had been drowned, i with provisions had a abundant and cheap s "The following is I '"Stephen Jndsoi dollars a day on an av( they made thirty-thrc Sisterday thir^-one d owney and Benxier, announce ;-• Downey ai found very ooane gold •"We learn that i abouts, was killed by < of Frazer River. It s( tions in the mines, anc Wp^iWW^'PtM' S-^'t;!!!^^''*-' t ^•?.-m»*5^i^^ ''^ ' /-: : Hdw TO «n noon. left Mr. Henry Eerriwm. of this eity, Iwm kt HUl's Bw, and htA bem veiy Buceessful. It i» the iotentioa of Mr. Ettiiug and hit pertawto wtara^M soon ai the freshet shaU baje substdel enough to pe^ 3 "We extract the following from the Puget Sound paper :- «. ♦!-??■ u^ ^' ?'»*»v'»h« "•»• iwiwenger in the steamer. Infonu us that he basWn at work three weeti on f razor Birer. nea^ SaiWk Bar, diirug which time he made ton d>Uars a da? with a loekerH* sars there are parties on the rirer making as much «s one bimdMA n,!' Sft'JT F^ ^T *iaHk?'««*°8" "»•'• '»"•. when Mr. Bush left, about three £undiPPiffy miners, none of whom wm J?*f'°ii''i.'**'" ^ dollaiplSn^. *k is far below the amS? Only tBirtyfiTe or forty men $n at work kn Thompson Rlfer? ^^^* "'AhoTo SaUor's Diggings the Indians are a litUe troubleeome. S?oCd"5iric??h:VndfS;^iii' """^r •"" """" "'• ^^ S?Urt. '^ ^""^'"^ '^ '^^•^^ '"^^ in JeSdring " • Mr. Bush says the mines increase in richness as you asoend tbt u ^o"° "P^*""** "• "tock, 4l designs letnmlng asqlseda^ . " • Two miners of Steilacoom returned isst OToning from Fraser Bifer in a canoe, after an absence of six weeks. | They state that dnrintf a low stage of the riTor ^y made.flfteen doUats per'day Mcb. Four «Jk« near them were making from four to nine ounces and^alf per daV^ «. JV-^^y* "»• l***^ accounte from Frszf r RiTor, fifteen persons in all bad been drowned. A refwrt was current on the riwr that two trains with pronsions had amved from the Dalles. Provisions aio said to bl abundant and cheap at Fort Langley.' Y «i.p«n«B. "The following is an extract of a letter dated •" ^mlor'h Digging$, Ma^ lit\, 1858. "'Stephett Judson and partner ^bave pot made less than twelTo dollars a day on an aveiraffe sinco they commenced. Day befora Testerdw they made thirty-three doUsrs (sixteen dollars fifty cento each) a^ Bisterday thiitr-one dollars. John Chapman with his Indian VTmA ovmej and Benzier, commenced woric jestoiday. John made at^aM an ounce;- Downey and Benzer soTen dollars fifty cento eaeb. Th«i found very coarse gold. ■ ^ '"Wo learn that a man named Charles Adams, weU known beta. abouts. was kiUed by Charles McDonald, of this place, near themouth of Frazer River. It seems that they were in nartnership in their'toperar tions in the mines, and that Adams wu making off with all the iunda /. '<&- a '■/ L^^^^S^M^?M m ^ ^ ±^^^^- FC3807 D68 • ■»^^w r'"T*^ \ I r. ■" > »., ■ t- -V 4J X- • I. ■" , ^ ■ ■ ,*■;*- i . . ' . ■ _ HA .".r: * » > ■ . ■• ,j. /V ;■ /v^' \ Haih Bueir, PHAtcr, WladM*^ PUBLIBI &rif» Ip in case _^ Xo.ll. The ,.Mort9on»j Ihrlr Bool. w i« -,/^l»M*tandM)»uriM. Extra ^«, The Jo. dour .VBiwalia • ' ^heing Vrieticei-ihtoU ft tli «, con»trufli