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Tl si Tl w M di ei bi rl! r« m This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmA au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X v/ 12X 16X 20X MX 2tX 32X Th« copy flimMl h«r« hn b««n r«produc«d thanks to tho ganoroslty off: ; Matropolhin Toronto Library Canadiin History Dtpartmant The imagM appearing here are the best quaiity possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specificationa. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated imprea* sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or Illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. 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Un das aymboies suhrants apparattra sur la damlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: la symbols «»> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols ▼ signifis "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames aa required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte i dee taux de reduction diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un ssul clichA, 11 est f iimA A psrtir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, tft de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iliustrent la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I 9 I COLLECTIONS OF THE m l^tia %%\m^\ ^m% FOR THE YEARS 1892-94. VOLUME VIII. HALIFAX. N. S. : MORNING HERALD PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1895. -J-1^ ^METROPOLITAN TORCHTO CENTRAL L!B£ARY History ^sy^y 1 OBJECTS OF COLLECTIONS. 1. Manuscript statements and narratives of pioneer settlers, old letters and journals relative to the early history and settlement of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, and the wars of 1776 and 1812; biographical notes of our Indian tribes, their history, characteristics, sketches of their promi- nent chiefs, orators and warriors, together with contributions of Indian implements, dress, ornaments and curiosities. 2. Diaries, narratives and documents relative to the Loyalists, their xpulsion from the old colonies and their settlement in the Maritime Provinces. 3. Files of newspapers, books, pamphlets, college catalogues, minutes of ecclesiastical conventions, associations, conferences and synods, and all other publications, relating to this Province, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland. 4. Drawing and descriptions of our ancient mounds and fortifi- cations, their size, representation and locality. o. Information respecting, articles of Pre-historic Antiquities, especiall}^ implements of copper, stone, or ancient coin or other curiosities found in any of the Maritime Provinces, together with the locality and condition of their discovery. The contribution of all such articles to the cabinet of the society is most earnestly desired. 6. Indian geographical names of streams and localities, with their signification and all information generally, respecting the condition, language and history of the Micmac, Malicetes and Bethucks. 7. Books of all kinds, especially such as relate to Canadian history, travels, and biography in general, and Lower Canada or Quebec in particular, family genealogies, old magazines, pamphlets, files of newspapers, maps, historical manuscripts, autographs of distinguished persons, coins, medals, paintings, portraits, statuary and engravings. Iv Nova Scotia Historical Society. 8. We solicit from Historical Societies and other learned bodies that interciiange of books and other materials by which the useful- ness of institutions of this nature is so essentially enhanced, — pledging ourselves to repay such contributions by acts in kind to the best of our ability. 8. The Society particularly begs the favor and compli.nents of authors and publishers, to present, with their autographs, copies of their respective works for its library. 10. Editors and publishers of newspapers, magazines and reviews, will confer a lasting favor on the Society by contributing their publications regularly for its library, where they may be expected to be found always on a file and carefully preserved. We aim to obtain and preserve for those who shall come after us a perfect copy of every book, pamphlet or paper ever printed in or about Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland. 11. Nova Scotians residing abroad have it in their power to render their native province great service by making donations to our library of books, pamphlets, manuscript, &c., bearing on any of the Provinces of the Dominion or Newfoundland. To the relatives, descendants, etc., of our colonial governors, judges and military oHicers, we especially appeal on behalf of our Society for all papers, books, pamphlets, letters, etc., which may throw light on the history of any of the Provinces of the Dominion. RULES AND BY-LAWS. 1. This Society shall be called The Nova Scotia Historical Society. 2. The objects of the Society shall be the collection and preserva- tion of all documents, papers and other objects of interest which may serve to throw light upon and illustrate the history of this country ; the reading at the meetings of the Society, of papers on historical subjects ; the publication, so far as the funds of the Society will allow, of all such documents and papers as it may be deemed desirable to publish ; and the formation of a 'i'liary of books, papers, and manuscripts, affording information, an i illustrating Historical subjects. 3. Each member shall pay towards the funds of the Society, Five Dollars at the time of his admission, and two dollars on the second day of January in each succeeding year, but any member shall be exempted from the annual payment of two dollars and shall become a Life Member, provided he shall at any time after six months from his admission pay to the Treasurer the sum of Forty Dollars in addition to what he had paid before. The sums received for Life Memberships to be invested, and the interest only used for ordinary purposes. Persons not resident within fifteen miles of Halifax may become members on payment of Two Dollars at the time of admission, and One Dollar annually thereafter. No person shall be considered a member until his first fee is paid, and if any member shall allow his dues to remain unpaid for two years, his name shall be struck from the roll. 4. Candidates for membership shall be proposed at a regular meeting of the Society by a member ; the proposition shall remain on the table for one month, or until the next regular meeting, when a ballot shall be taken ; one black ball in five excluding. 5. The regular meetings of the Society shall be held on the seQond Tuesday of every month, at 8 p. m. And special meetings VI Nova Scotia Historical Society. shall be convened, if necessary, on due notification of the President, or in ease of his absence, by the Vice-President, or on the applica- tion of any five members. G. The annnal meetino; of the Society shall be held on the second Tuesday of February of each year, at 8 p. m., at which meeting there shall be chosen a President, three Vice-Presidents, a Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary and Treasurer. At the same meet- ing four members shall be chosen, who, with the foregoing, shall constitute the Council of the Society. The election of members to serve on the N. S. Library Commission, under the provisions of Chapter 17, N. S., Acts of 1880, shall take place each year at the annual meeting, immediately after the election of Oflicers and Council. 7. All communications which are thought worthy of preservation shall be minuted down on the books of the Society, and the original kept on file. 8. Seven members shall be a quorum for all purposes at ordinary meetings, but at the Annual Meeting in February, when ten members shall form a quorum. No article of the constitution nor any by-law shall be altered at any meeting when less than ten members are present, nor unless the subject has either been discussed at a previous meeting, or reported on b}' a commiitee appointed for that purpose. \). The President and Council shall have power to elect Corres- ponding and Honorary Members, who shall be exempt from dues ; and the duties of the OfHcers and Council shall be the same as those performed generally in other Societies. 10. The Publication Committee shall consist of three, and shall be nominated by the Council. To them shall be referred all manu- scripts, etc., for publication, and their decision shall be final. 1 1 OFFICERS le President, the applica- II the second iieeting there jrresponding I same meet- 3going, shall Commission, 0, shall take • tlie election preservation 1 the original } at ordinary ten members r any by-law nembers are at a previous hat purpose, elect Corres- f rom dues ; ame as those ee, and shall ed all manu- final. ov 'riiK: Nova Scotia Historical Society. ELECTED I2TH FEBRUARY. tBQB. PHmmiomMT. HON. M. H. RICHF.Y. VlOm-PRKaiDEMTB. REV. JOHN FORREST, D. 1). HON. J. W. LONGLEY. HON. L. G. I'OWER. CORftmaPONDINQ Secrbtary. V. B. CROFTON, ESQ. RbCOROIHQ SmORBTARY. A. A. MACKAY, ESQ. Trbaburbr. R. J. WILSON, ESQ. Council. J. J. STEWART. REV. J. W. SMITH. A. H. MoKAY, ESQ., Ll. D. HON. MR. JUSTICE TOWNSHEND. COMMISSIOMBRS OF LIBRARY. (Under Chap. 17, N. S. Acts, 1880.) HON. M. H. RICHEY. HON. R. L. WEATHERBE. A. H. McKAY, ESQ. REV. Dr. FORREST. COHIMITTBB OF PL'BLICATIOM. REV. T. WATSON SMITH, D. D. J. J. STEWART, ESQ. A. A. MACKAY, ESQ. A. H. McKAY, ESQ. Ll.I)., Hec. Secy^ Auditors. F. W. BOWES, ESQ. W. L. BROWN, ESQ. VIII Xoni Sfotiit Ifisforical iSocipftf. MtMBBRB. Al.l.KX, T. C, Al-M.«'ON, Al'CilSTIS, Am-ison, Davim, Ai-Mox, Hon. W. .1., Almox, T. K., Almox, C. M., Almox, 1U:v. II. L. A. (Pictou) AunilllAM), ClIAULKS, Al{rillllAM>, MUS. ClIAlJLKS, BAKKit, IIox. L. K. (Yarmouth) Hkll, F. II., Ulackadak, C. C, IJlackadah, II. 1)., Blackadah, II. W., BoAK, Hon. Roi;ki:t, Bowes, F. AV., Bkowx, W. L., BlLMEK, J. T., BUIUJOYNK, JOIIX, Bi iixs, Rkv. Di{. R. F., Burns, Adam, Cahan, C. H., Campbell, D. A., Campbell, G. S., Ciiuiicn, Hon. C. E., CiiLiiiOLM, Joseph A., ClIIPMAN, B. W., Clark, Robert, coxgdon, f. t., Corey, CD., Crawford, Rev. E. P., Crofton, F. B., Dennis, Wm., DesBrisay, Hon. M. B. (Bridge- water) DeWolf, J. R., DeWolf, J. E., Doane, Arnold, (Barrington) DoDD, Hon. Murray, (Sydney) Doull, John, DouLL, Wm. M., Duffus, John, Eaton, B. H., Edwards, J. P., (Londonderry) Fabrell, E., Faulkner, (r. E., Faulkner, Rev. Prof., FiELDiNcj, Hon. W. S., Flemmin(s, Sandford, Forrest, Rev. Principal, Foster, E. V. B., Francis, T. H., Fraser, C. F., Fkasek, IIox. D, C, (New (Jlusgow) Fuller, H. H., Fyshe, Tiios., CfORDON, Rev. I). INI., GouiKiE, M. H., (WiiulHor) (fRAiiAM, Hon. W., Green, F. W., (Ireenwood, R. p., IIaoue, Rev. Dtson, Hall, C. F., IlARRIN«iTtJN, C. S., Harris, C. E., Harris, R. E., Hill, W. H., Hind, H. Y., (Windsor) Holmes, S. H., Howe, Sydenham, (Middleton) Hubbard, J. M., (Boston) Hunt, J. Johnston, Jack, Rev. T. C, (Maitland) James, N. C, Johnson, J. A., Johnston, Hon. J. W., Kenny, T. E., King, D. A., Knight, J as. A., La VERS, G. E., (Y''armouth) Lawson, George, Lenoir, M. U., Lithgow, J. R., LONGARD, E. J., Longley, Hon. J. W., LoNGwoRTii, Israel, (Truro) Lyons, W. A., McDonald, Hon. Chief Justice, Macdonald, C. J., Xoi'd Si'nfid llhtiu'ii'tll Socle///. IX Ml Macdonai.I), Rkim( k, Macdonam), S. I)., I\I<(Jii,Mvi{AY, Hon. a., (Anti- •jonisli) l\I<\M|-.< MAN, A., McSllANK, ^/r.-CoL., .1. \{., Ma< KAY, Adams A., I\Ia< KINTOSIl, .1. C, ]MA( l»ONAl,I), C. 1)., ]\I((lllKK, LkoXAIM) .1., M( Nki!-, Ai.i.x., IVIacnai!, John, I\I« IVAV, Al.KXANDKK, McKay, A. II., Madku, I)|{. a. I., Mkn<;kk, John, JMkynki.l, W. IJ., MiLLKK, Hkv. K. T., ]M<)\A, Mouse, Hon. W. A. D., (Amherst) MOTTOX, KOUKUT, MrUUAY, KkV. KoiSKIM, NiTTixci, C. IM., Crniro) OiTWAM, F. r., PAKTKiixiK, Kkv. I)i{., (Frodeiic- ton ) Pattkkson, IJkv. Dk., (X. (ih\s- vex, K. T. p., ShoUTT, Al.l'UEl), Sii.vEU, A. p. SiM('5(,x, Rev. Allan, Slayteh, W. H., Smith, Rev. Dif. T. W.. Smith, ,^. (ioniUEV, Staius, II. H., Stairs, ,). F., Stehxs, R. S., (Liverpot)!) Stewaht, C. .1., Ste>vaiit, tF. ,I., St(Hjy, J.I)., Tempi. E, Hehhekt, Thokxe, F. L., ToniN, Wm., TowNsHENi), Hex. C'. J. riiooi', A. (V., Tiioop, AV. H., Tucker, F. 1)., Wai.duox, .iNIa.ioij, R. A., Wallace, W. B., Weatheriu:, Hon. R. L., Weldox, R. C, AViiiTE, N. AV'., (Siielburno) AVlHT.^IAX, Alfhei), AV^HiTMAN, Henry, (Boston) Wilson, R. J., AA^ooi), J. Taylor, AVOODUURY, F., AVylde, J. T., YOUNHJ, AVm., T r ^1^ II u 1 ! I Noin Scotia Ili'storimJ Socieh/. LIFE MEMBER. Macdonald, J. S. CORRESPONDINQ MEMBERS. Goldsmith, Edmund, F. R. II. S. K(linl)iir<>h. Gkikfiv, Maktin .1., Ottawa. IIannay, Jamics, St. .Tolui, N. B. AVakd, Roiu'.KT, IJenmida. WiNSLOw, Rkv. William Cor- LKv, D. 1)., Hoston. Mass. HONORARY Members. Hill, Rkv. G. W., 1). C. L., Eiiirlaml. Toiu.v, W. B., London, G. B. Almon, Hon. W. J., Halifax, N. S. Ill lU(h). .LiAM Cor- on. INIass. PREFACE. The late Dr. Akins, on tlie IHtli of April, l-s:)!), read a paper l)efore the Halifax Mechanic's Institute on the "•History of the Settlement of Halifax." In 18-17 this paper was jyublishea in the form of a small-sized pamphlet, with notes [)repared by the author. Subsequently, from time to time he added thereto, eorrectin<>- and in some cases rewriting until a few years before his death, Avhen it had reached the size of the present volume. After his decease the Society decided on publishing the History as he left it, in considera- tion of the historical value of the added matter. That determination has been carried out in the work as now presented. The i-eader will please bear that fact in mind, as it explains much that mioht otherwise be regarded as author's mistakes. Instead of being written at one time, its compilation covers a period of probably half a century, and events are referred to and facts are stated as they appeared to the author's mind at the time he wrote. The Society, however, felt that it was better that the work should appear with these trifling defects, than that any reconstruction of it by other hands should be permitted. n ,'.! ■I HISTORY OF HALIFAX CITY. I d CHAPTER I. Halifax, the metropolis of Nova Scotia, aucl the chief City of the Acadian or Lower Provinces, was founded in the year 1749, at the expense of Government, under the direction of the Lords of Trade and Plantations, and was named in compliment to George Montague, Earl of Halifax, then at the head of the Board, under whose im- mediate auspices the settlement was undertaken. From the Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, when Acadia was ceded to the Crown of Great Britain, to the year 1749,- no progress had been made by the British in colonizing the country. The inhabitants consisted of a few thousand Acadian peasants, scattered around the shores of the Basin of ]\[inas, Chignecto and the Valley of Annapolis. The (xovernor resided at Annapolis Royal, a small for- tified port, with a garrison of two or three hundred regular troops, and was, in a great measure, dependent on New England for his neces- sary' supplies. This was the only British port within the Province, with the exception of that of Canso, where, during the fishing season, a number of French, with a few Indians and New England fisher- men, assembled, and where a captain's guard was usually stationed to preserve order and protect the rights of property. The French population, though professing to be neutral, had refused to take the Oath of Allegiance to the Crown of Great Britam, and were continu- ally in a state of hostility to the British authorities in the country. Their poverty and ignorance placed them completely under the control of a few designing emissaries of the French Governor at Quebec, who incited the people to resent British rule, and frequently put all law at defiance, by assuming to themselves the sole manage- ment of municipal affairs in the settlements most remote from the seat of Government. The Governors of Canada had undertaken to claim all the country from the River St. Lawrence to the Bay of Fnudy, as compreheuded within their jurisdiction, confining the ;mi y^oca Scottd Jlistoriail 'Sociel'/. I I ill 'III ;ii I : ' I 1:.,; ! ' i ii , ■ 1^ ;' si territory of Aeatlia ns ceded under the Treaty of rtreclit, to the Peninsula alone, and had aetnnlly eonunenced to erect forts on the Kivcr St. .Tohn and the Isthnuis while the nations were at peace. The necessity of a permanent IJritish settlement and .Military Station on the Atlantic Coast of the Peninsnia, had long- been con- sidered the only effectnal means of preservino; British anthority, as well as for the protection of the coast lisliin^', which, at this time, was deemed of paramonnt importance to IJritish interests. But lately the continual breaches of neutrality on the part of the French, together with the loss of Louisburg-, under the Treaty of Aix-la- Chappelle, in October, 174H, rendered such an establishment indis- pensibly necessary to the support of the IJritish Crown in Nova Scotia. The scheme for settlement at Chebucto is said to have originated with the people of jNIassachusetts,* who, in calling the attention of Government to the claims and encroachments of the French, suggest- ed the necessity for, as well as the great conunercial advantages to be derived from such an undertaking ; and it has also been asserted that a committee of influential citizens had been formed in Boston for the purpose of more effectually advocating the design. No authentic information on the sul»ject, iiowever, has been found beyond the suggestions contained in (lovernor Shirley's letters to the Secretary of State, in 1747 and H, in Avhich one extensive plan of British colonization throughout Nova Scotia is proposed and details suggested, many of which, however, did not receive the approval of Government. f A plan for carrying into effect this long-cherished design was, however, matured l)y the Board of Trade and Plantations, in the year 1748, and submitted to Crovernment in the autunui of that year, and being warmly supported by liord Halifax, the President of the Board, advertisements soon api)eared under the sanction of His Majesty's authority, " holding out proper encouragement to oflicers and private men lately discharged from the Army and Navy, to * One Thomas Coram, whose name appears frequently in the liistory of the state of Maine, is said to liavo suggested a scIumuo for building a town at (Uiebuclo in 1718, and applied to Government for a grant of land, but was jirevented by the agents of the Government of Massachusetts Hay, who su))posed that sueli project might interfere with their fishing privileges, and he was compelled to abandon his enterprise. This, however, has not the weight of much authority. t Copies of several of Shirley's letters were furniHhcd Governor Cornwallis on leaving England, as part of his instructions. Ilistitvy of Iliilt'fttx Cif}/. rct'lit, to the forts on the it peace. m\ ^lilitary no- been con- [vutliority, as it this time, crests, lint ' the French, y of Aix-la- hinent indis- \vn in Nova ve ori«»inate(l i attention of ndi, sn;j;>>;est- L(lvantn<2;cs to l)een asserted ed in Boston design. No been found yr's letters to densive plan troposed and receive the I design was, itions, in the tnnin of that B President of nction of His lent to oflicers md Navy, to irv of the state of biiclo in 1718, and the agents of tlic :l might interfere enterprise. This, lor Cornwallis on M settle in Nova Scotia." Among other inducements was the offer to convey the settlers to tlicir destination, maintain them for twelve months at tlie |)iiblic expense, and to su[)pl3' them Avith arms and aimnunition for defence, and witli mateiials and articles for clearing the land, erecting dwelHngs and prosecuting tlic fishery. Tlie en- couragements appeared so inviting, that in a short time 117(5 settlers, with their families, were found to volunteer, and tlie sum of £40,000 l)eing appropriated by Parliament for the service, the expedition Avas placed under the command of Col. the Ilonble. EdAvard Corn- Avallis, M. 1*., as Captain (ieneral and (Jovernor of Nova Scotia, and set sail for Chehucto IJay, the place of destination, in May, 174!).* The licet consisted of i;i Transports and a Sloop of War. The folloAving is a list of the vessels, Avitli the number of settlers. f Sphinx Sloop of War, Avith Gov. CornAvallis and Suite. TKAN SCOUTS. Captains. o tn CS s o 7i so u *" C 'A a CO C'liiirlton Frii^'iitc. Whicliolsoii Wilniin:51 ;i78 :5L'0 541 342 :551 550 411 213 no;] ;]4o 2.30 172 2S7 77 190 ISO 315 27 220 10 2570 The total number of males, exclusive of children, Avas 1040; of this num))er aboA'c r»00 Avere man-of-Avar sailors. J The names of the principal settlers, Avith the rank and calling as they appear in the register, are as foUoAvs : ' ("(iruwallis \va •. t;nzet tod nth May, 1749. tSmollet's History nicnlions 4,000 s(;ttlers willi their families; this probably Avas intonlt'd to inciii.lo the (Jirmans and otiier set Hers wiio arrived between 1749 and 1753. ttributod to the air pipes for care tlje !Hiit one dcalb, a ehild, ociurrcd during the voyage. Tliis was attri re of the Hoard of Trade and Plantations in providing ventilalorH and i ; Transpin-tn, a new invention then lately introduced. 6 2^oru Scotia Hist or md Sociehf. i! 1 ! Leonard Lockman and Ezokiel Oilman, ^lajors in the Army; John Lemon, Foot Major and Commissary ; Otis Little, Edward Amlierst, Thomas LcAvis, Benjamin Ives, Frederick Albert Stras- burger, and Francis IJartelo, Captains in the Army ; David Lewis, (ieorge Hurners, (ieorge Colly, Richard Partridge, Thomas Newton, John Collier, Robert Eiver, John Creitjhtou, Thomas Vonghan, John Galhtnd, Richard Reves, William Joice, Joseph Wakefield, Augustns Oraham, Alexander Callendar, David Haldamc, Robert Campbell, William llryan, and T. Vanghan, Lientenants in the Army ; James Warren, Thos. Reynolds, and Henry AVendell, Ensigns ; John Ham- ilton, Adam Coekburn, and Wm. AVilliams, Lieutenants in the Navy ; John Steinfort, Dennis Clarke, William Neil, Oustavus Mugden, and John Twinehoe, Lieutenants of Privateers ; Chas. Mason, Robert Beatie, Charles Covy, Samuel Budd, John Ferguson, Nicholas Pux- ley, William Watson, Joseph Tomwell, Henry Chambers, Nicholas Todd, Roger Lowden, Joseph Ounn, John Thompson, Robert Young, Thomas Burnside, Timothy Pearce, Richard Drake, Newbegin Harris, William Vickers, Richard Cooper, Richard Mannering, Thomas Dumster, and Robert Coekburn, Midshipmen in the Royal Navy; John Jenkins, Cadet ; Rene Oillet, Artificer; John Orant, John Henderson, Edward Oibson, William Hamilton, and William Smith, Volunteers ; Lewis Hayes, Piu'ser ; John Bruce, Engineer ; AVilliam Grant, Robert White, Patrick Hay, Mathew Jones, Thomas Wilson, M. Rush, James Handeside, H. Pitt, Oeorge Pliilip Bru- scowitz, Cochran Dickson, Joshua Sacheveral, Thomas Inman, John Wildman, David Carnegie, and John Willis, Surgeons ; John Steele, Lieutenant and Surgeon; William Lascells, Augustus Carsar Harbin, Archibald Campbell, John Wallis, John Orant, Daniel Brown, Timothy Griffith, Henry Martin, Robert Grant, and Alexander Hay, Surgeon's Mates and Assistants ; Robert Thorckmorton, Surgeon's Pupil ; Mr. Anwell, Clergyman, John Baptiste Moreau, Gentleman and School nia (iter; William Jeflfery, Commissary ; William Steele, Brewer and Merchant ; Daniel Wood, Attorney ; Thomas Cannon, Esquire ; John Duport, and Lewis Piers, Gentlemen ; Arcliibald Hinshelwood, John Kerr, Wdliani Xisbett, and Thonms Gray, Gov- ernor's Clerks ; David Floyd, Clerk of the Stores.* " Governor Cornwallis, in his letter to tlie Lords of Trade, dated Cliebucto, 24th July. 1749, says : "The number of aettlera— men, women and children— is 1.400, but I beg leave to observe to your Lordships that amongst them the number of industrious, the Army; tie, Edward Ibert Stras- >avid Lewis, las Newton, iighan, John d, Augustus t Campbell, I'my ; James John Ilam- in the Navy ; Mugdeu, and son, Robert icholas Pux- rs, Nicholas )bert Young, , Newbegin Mannering, in the Royal John (Irant, and William ;, Engineer ; nes, Thonuis Philip liru- [nman, .lohn John Steele, irsar Harbin, niei Brown, 'xander Hay, n. Surgeon's /, Geutk'uma lliam Steele, nas Cannon, ; Archibald Gray, Gov- Chebucto, 21th s 1,400, but I beg of industrious, A JliHtnry of IlnUfnx City. 7 On the 21st June, 1749, old style, the Sloop of War, "Sphinx," arrived in the Harbor of Chebucto, having on board, the Honourable P^dward Cornwallis, Captain (ieneral and (Jovernor-in-Chicf of the Province of Nova Scotia, and his suite. They had a long any Minas to Annapolis, with orders to Alasearino to come down with a (piornm of his Council as soon as possible, that the new connnission mi<>ht l)e opened and another Council appointed in accordance with the Hoyal Instructions.* (iovernor CoruAvallis' lirst dispatch to Kn<>land, after anivino- at Chebucto, was sent via Hoston, and bears date '>'2\n\ June, the day after his arrival. In this letter he says: ''The coasts are as rich as ever they have been representetl ; we cau() leaoues of the coast. The harbour itself is full of lisli of all kinds. All the olllcers ai>ree the harlionr Is the (Inest they have ever seen. The country is one continued wood ; no clear spot is to be seen or heard of. I iiave been on shore in several l)laces. The underwood is only youuL!; trees, so that Avith ditliculty one is able lo make his way anywhere." "■ l)e Anvilles' Fleet have oidy cut wood for present use; they cleared no oroiind, but en- cam|>ed their men on the beach. 1 have seen but few brooks, nor as vet have found the navii>alile river that has been talked of. There are a few French families on the east side of the bay, about three lea<>'ues off. Some have been on board." (iovernor Mascaiine havin,t>' rec<'ived Cornwallis' letter on the "jrith, on the followinji; day, ordered Cajitain Davis to make ready his t;'alley and u'o round to Chelaicto with fresh provisions, ^[ascarine Avas waitiuii' the arrival of the new (Jovernor at Annapolis, as appeals by his letters to (iovernor llopson on the 11th and 2(tth .June, in which he says: "(iet ready supplies for the new Captain (ieneral who will be here, ])ut the fleet will Ite at Chebucto." The "Snow Fair Lady" arrived shortly after the Sphinx, and was dispatched to Annapolis to afford Mr. Mascarine the means of transportinsi' his council and part of his <2;arrison to Chebucto. (Jii This niesson«or arrived on tlic fourlli day, at Annapolis. " It is."says the Governor in liis letter, "25 leaj^iics over to Minas, (now llorton), and the I'reneh have ntado a path for driving their cattle over." tt 'oniwnUls iin- H to Apthorp rpoHc, to liiro of liOuisliuru; I'jiriiu' in ciiHi' [)oliH. At the v'jiH (lispatchod ^juino to coino ■«il>l(', that tho I appointed in aftiM' anivinu; •Jnd .luno, the coaHtH aro as lish ovcrv «hiy harlionr itsoll" harbonr in tho nod wo<)d ; no hoiv in several with th, ake ready Ids s. JNIasearino \nnapolis, as 1 1th and 'HWh e new Captain ebnoto." Tiie inx, and was tlie means of Jhelnicto. On lays the OoVcruor !ueh liave matlo a 1! Jlisdn'f/ of Jliilifiir C'ifi/. the 2r»th, the '' Fair J^ady" was in the harlionr of Aninipolis ready to reeeive (iovernor Mascarinc and snite. On tlie 27th, the transport l)e|i>an to make their appearanee off tlie harhonr of Chehiieto, and by tlie 1st .Inly, they had all arrived. As their passajje had been extremely <><)od, and none of them had in the least snifered, the (iovernor fonnd himself in a position to afi'ord vessels to Colonel Ilopson the moment the settlers should be i)ut on shore.* Aecord- injily havinji; eountermanded the order to Boston for transports, he dispatched to I^onisbur«>; the ship "Brotherhood" on the 1st .Inly, and on the r)th, the "London," " Wilminr more convenient and comfortable accommodations. I have, says (Jovernor Cornwallis, in his letter of the 20th August, contracted for frames and materials for barracks and officers' lodg- ings from Hostoii. Hoards are very high owing to the drought. I have got none inider £4 iier thousand, and shall be obliged to furnish a vast number to help the people to get under cover, and have sent an officer on purpose to IJoston to obtain them at a fair price. Many houses are begun and huts and log houses already up for more than half a mile on each side the town. Tradition says that on clearing the ground for scttleniQiit a number of dead bodies were discovered among the trees, partly covered by the underwood, supposed to have been soldiers of the Duke D'Anville's expedition which put Into Chebucto Harbor in 174(5,* but the (lovernor In his letter does not mention the facts. During the winter months the jieople were kept actively employed in cutting pickets for fences and wood for fuel, and for erecting new buildings. Mechanics were placed at the head of working parties to direct their labours, and by a judicious division of the people into small parties the more laborious portion of the work was executed witii uncommon dispatch. Mills were also erected at the expense of (lovernmeiit for sawing lumber, and a mill master appointed with a salary, and every facility held out to enable those settlers, who Lad not yet been accommodated, to complete their dwellings on the ai)proach of spring. The (Governor in his letter of 27th July, describes the site of the Town as very advantageous. He says : ''It *Thc remnant of this formidable fleet whieh was destined for the destruction of tho British settlementH of Acadia and New England, put into Chebucto Harbor in distress in September, 1746. The troops it is said were encamped on the western side of the Basin, near the small Cove about 4 miles from town, which still bears the name of the French Landing. The Duke died of grief at the failure of the expedition, and the Vice Admiral Dcstourvillo, ran liimself through tho body, and was buried on George's Island. His remains, or what was supposed to have been, were afterwards removed to Franco by his family. Several of the ships of war were sunic on the eastern side of tho Basin. Tho hulls of these vessels were visible in calm weather about 50 years ago, but they have long since disappeared. M. Jonquiare, afterwards Governor of Canada, was also in this expedition. 12 Xin'K Sntflii Jltnloiirnl Soclrtff. ■r " 1 hnH all the convonlonocH I could wIhIi excopt a fri-Hli watiT river.* Nothinj? is oawier than to Idiihl wharvcH ; one \h alri-ady lliiinhccl for whips of 200 tons. 1 iiave i-oiistaiitly oinployotl all the carpt'ii- tiM'8 I could get frouJ Annapolis and the ships here to ItuiUl h)g houses for stores. I have likewise ottered the French at Minas considerable wajjes to work, and they have promised to si«nd llfty men to renuiin until October. As there wns not one yar; abont five leagnes from the entrance of the Ilarbonr to those points, and the beach all along as well adapted for curing their fish as can possibly be imagined ; no fisherman wonld ever have thought of going within these forts. Indeed no ship would choose to go so far, as no finer harbour can be than that of Chebucto, which reaches from these points to Sandwich River ; so that notwithstanding any forts upon these points, an enemy's fleet might be secure and indeed block up all ships within the bay. He accordingly fixed upon Sandwich Point and the high lands opposite, (now called York Redoubt), andCleorge's Island as the most proper positions for the erection of the necessary defences. On the latter he immediately placed a guard, landed his stores and planned an when Mr. Wm. Steele was sworn in a member of the Board, and on the following day the (lovernor's proclamation was read in the camp, ;i Hisforii of IlaJifitx City. 15 ) fortify. Mr. I the settlement lubject to j^reat 1 too far up for entrance of the 18 well adapted ; no fisherman ts. Indeed no an be than that Iwich River ; so \n enemy's fleet in the bay. He lands opposite, the most proper . On the latter md planned and n of the Council 'puties, who had .Jean Melanson, Pre, and Philip to the Council c taken. Heinjj; ral departments, r respects to His ition henceforth, ley were assured IS heretofore, no 'rovince, without nor. They were a proclamation •h had been cus- , to report to the ive districts, and iities as soon as jlace on the 17th> le Board, and on read in the camp, prohibiting all persons from leaving the Province without permission, and against the retail of spirituous liquors without license. On the 18th, Mr. Bruce the Engineer, Lieutenants Ewer, Collier and Mr. .John Duport were appointed Justices of the peace, and all the settlers having assembled in separate companies with their respective overseers, each company chose its constables. The (rovernor designed opening more perfect means of communi- cation with Minas by constructing a road, which he described as being 30 miles only, in a direct line, and to build a Block House half way, but having only two companies of soldiers with him, one of Ilopson's and one of Warberton's regiment, together with about (U) of Goreham's Indian Rangers, and the 50 French, who promised to assist in the work, having disappointed him, he was compelled to postpone the object until after the arrival of the army from Lonis- burg. Proper access to the interior, by the construction of a good road to Minas, was deemed of paramount importance to the settle- ment of the country. The inhabitants of the rural districts were so insulated as to be in a great measure independent of all authority. Colonel Mascarine, on returning to Ammpolis, received directions to send a Captain, 3 Subalterns and 100 men to Minas, and to erect a Block-house and Battery there, the troops to be first (pnirtered at (Irande ]*re, where the Block-house was to be Iniilt, and the French people Avere to be hired at fair wages to assist in the work.* Capt. IIow, who had been sent to St. .John River in the Albany with Capt. Rouse, having returned overland with thirteen Indians, three r/. 19 and inhabitants alisades aronnd eve to be placed cleaved without javvicade, Avhich t on the pavt of uses withont the ng bnilt of logs those fvom New avniy, and such rn, also veceived ply of lamps to oveham was sent L-s fov the wintev, )avation possible e ensuing wintev. I of the town fov at they had com- 3 at Canso undev attacked by them ians weve killed. Bd in Council to lisbuvg, to vecall 1 an attack on the Majov Oilman, lout avms. The off one, and the it of vangevs was cut off the heads take move active ng otticevs at the y met them, and Indian killed or -lifnx to Boston, dated ling before, aw several wing sticks of timber irbour, they were sur- 1 a volley upon them lads of the others, the taken i)visonev, this offev was in consequence of the lavge vewavds offered by the Fvench to the Indians fov English scalps. Ovdevs were given fov vaising two independent companies of vangevs, one of one hundved men by Majov (lilman, who was sent to Piscata(iua fov that i>uvpo8e,* the othev a company of volunteevs by Captain AVm. Clapham, who with (ioveham's Indian Rangevs, now vetuvned fvom theiv stations at the head of the Basin with a company of Philips' Regiment, weve to scouv the whole countvy avound the Bay. The St. .lohn Indians having kept the tveaty, veceived fvom (iovevnov Covnwallis a pvesent of 1000 bushels of covn, and an ovdev was also given to puvchase at Minas 500 bushels of wheat, to be baked into l)iscuit fov the same puvpose. Captain How was intvusted with these and othev pvesents, and was divected to bving back with him, if possible, some of the tvibe to go against the INIic-^Iacs. The pvepavation necessavy to the pvotection of the town against Fvench- Indian hostilities tended to expedite the pvogvess of the settlement ; befove the middle of Octobev, about tiivee hundved and fifty houses had been completed, two of the squave fovts finished and the bavvicade cavvied all around. A number of stove houses jind bavrack buildings for the accommodation of the troops had been also evected and the (lovevnov's vesidence completed. The Council met theve on the 14th Octobev. About ;30 of the Fvench inhabitants Aveve em|)loved on the Public AVovks, and in cutting a voad fvom the town to the Basin of ]\Iinas. A numbev of influential and industrious families fvom New England and othev places had alveady becoma settlevs, and Halifax Ilavbov was the vesovt of a lavge numbev of fishing vessels. About this time a destvuctive epidemic made its appeavance in the toAvn, and it is said neavly 1000 i)evsons fell victims duving tiie autumn and tiie following wintev. On the 14th day of Octobev, the (lovevnment found it necessavy to publish an ovdinance, coinnmnd- ing all Justices of the Peace, upon the death of the settlevs, to name so many of the neighbouvhood ov quavter (not exceeding 12) to Avliich the deceased belonged, to attend at the burial and cavvy the covpse to the gvave, and whoevev vefused to attend without suHicient veason should have his name stvnck oft' the IMess IJook and Registev of Settlers as unworthy of His Majesty's bounty ; and again in "These men were supplied with hatchets and snow shooH £or winter warfare. '}0 Xoi'd Sn)(i\i lltsUn'li'iil Sui'h'hi. '« « li '::!ii- Dc'Ct'inber, nnotlior order was made e()niinaH(lin Crowns were )f Utrecht only )t Nova Scotia ment system of oencies of the :'il was accord- force in the old d that after a ind to I'.e most The rep(Ht was ►ceedings in the als. ds all that can during the lirst hat in founding the City, the (spiritual wants of the settlers were not lost sight of by tlie Uritish (Jovernment. Preparatory to the embarkation of the settlers, a letter was addressed by the Lords of Trade and Planta- tions to the Society for the Propagation of the (Jospel in Foreign Parts, dated Whitehall, April «)th, 17 ID, recommending to the Society to ai)point ministers and school-masters for the new settlement at Chebucto, and for such other townships or settlements as should from time to time be formed in Nova Scotia, and rc(iuest- iiiii' the Societvto make some provisions for them until arrangements should be made for their sullicient support, by grants of land, etc.* The Society resolved immediately to act on this reccnnmendation, and undertook to send six clergymen and six school-masters, when the settlements should be formeregationali8tH, niany of wlunn oanie from New Kngland to settle in Halifax. It was called Mather's Chnrch after the cele- brated Cotton Mather, one of the leading divines of that denomina- tion at Hoston, in early store thereon. ,v-: CIIAFIKH II. The winter of 174l)-r)(), as has been before nienticnied, was spent in eontinnal appreliension of Indian anent rejiidations with reji'ard to the militia were enacted, and an ordinanc<' was issned compellints all settlers able to bear arms between 1(1 and CO, to be formed into 10 companies of 70 men each,* and a <>nard (,f — oflieers and i\{) men to assemble every eveninji; near the parade to keep <»nard nntil snnrise, and all militia men called npon to labonr at tlu' fortilications, were to be allowed Is. per day. Labourers were constantly employed in raisino; a barricade and continninu; it to the water side, and block honses were erected between the forts. Dnring the winter intellijjence freqnently arrived from Mlnas, Pisiqnid, and the eastern shore, of attacks belno; nunle by the Indians npon strajiglers, an' Acadians were l»ron*>ht from ^linas to Halifax for trial, liaving been fonnd in arms with the Jndians. A laroe reward was offered for ti>e a[)prehenslon of LeLoiitre, the Indian missionary, anl. (liHinisscd. Ho iliHcloscd tlio I'mcI to X\w C'oimcil lliivt the Mic-Mnc IiidiniiH of Nova S<'()tia went cvt-ry year to (^lU'lu-c, to ivcrivt^ clotliiii''' from tilt' Fivncli (Jownnm'iit, and that Ia'Cohi had niadi' the Frciicli of Acadia lake Ihr Oath of Alh' found to l»e ahs >lutoly ne<'essary, in consecpience of the demorali/ed state of the seltl'-ment from settlers and others who infested the town and who were not settlers. On the 'l\n\ iM'hruary, 17."»(), an ordimince was passed in Council, prohihitinsi the recovery of any debt contracted in Kner and others, havin«>; ajjplied for water lots, and liberty to build wharves on the beach, the subject was rt'ferr»'d to y\\'. Morris the surveyor, and Mr. IJruce the enuineer. 'I'hey thouii'lit the (juay was a work of time tind reipiired means from Kns»land. licences to build wharvt's were therefore «»ranted. with a reseivation of the ri<>ht of the Crown in case tlu» (piay should be I'esolved on or the frouta<>'e i-ecpiired for vernment purposes. This scheme was afterwards abandoned by (iovernment, and the licences remained unrepealed. At this period the line of the shore was so irregular, as in some places to alt'orlan; <>pene(l early with line warm days and thaw, and the lishin*; schooners lie■<> npon the IJank.i' The snow lay all the winter, from the middle of January; it was, however, only three feet deep in the woods. The healthy condition of the settlers nmy be inferred fronj there never being more than 'J.') in the hosjtltal ship at any one time. Hy the \\H\\ March, a place had been erected for a public Hospital, and a school bnildin<>' commenced for the orphan children. The French from the inteiior engajied freely for money to s([nare tind)er for the erection of the blockhouses, and preparations were in progress for the comi)letion of the Church. A meeting of the (iovernt)r and Council took place on IDth April, when the French Deputies again appeared with a petition to be permitted to sell their lands and leave the country. The names of street was laid out- tlio upper side of the present ricdforcl How beiiiK the western limit. Tliero wei'o Mve forts, ha\ inn eacli four (luadraiiKiilar bloekhonses, with a barrack in the centre ; these were connected by wooden palisades or pickets. A number of licences to erect wharves and buildinKs nlonK tin; beach had been granted by Government to individuals en^aKed in trade and the fishery, before the idea of a t<(!neral (Jovernment breastwork had been abandonerl. These titles continued to bo held Kood ; a number of wharf proprietors, however, obtained conformation grants from time to tinio as they required water extensioji, Mr. Ohai'les Morris, the Survcyor- (Jcneral, who had the sole management of the land ottice, in his repori i to the (lovern- ment, advised small si)aces to be reserved on both sides in makinR these conformation grants as well as in subsequent water grants in fee. which have been found of much in(!onvenience to trade, and a drawback on the progress of the City. Xo reservation of water was originally mnde at the foot of the cross streets or hills. At the close of the last and the commencement of the present century, when conformation or extension water grants were asked for, he marked on his i)lans narrow stritis »)r reservations on the sides of many of these water grants, which for there being in many instances inaccessible, have since proved of no value to the i)ublic and a great injury to the proprietors of water property. t Cornwallis' letter of 19th March. ( .. <;• ! ■■'■ r ' t .1 'J ' 2r, Xoi'ii Sijitli'i Uttitoi'ii'(tl Soi-h'li/. tlu'Sf (U'piilii's wt'iv .l!i(|ii('s 'IVriot from (iiniul Vw, Fniiwolrt (Jrimjivr from Hivcr (U- CiniMnl. llnltiHti' (iiili'iiu' mikI .Iriin Amliv. .Mr. C'ornwiillis was t'oiitiiiiiJilly I'mldiiMs.stMl l»y K'tti-rs fnun llu' lloMid of 'rnidi'. lindinji' fault with the ix|u>nMt'H inciirnMl in pliiiitin'-- till' si'ttlcmi'iit. flO, 0(1(1 had Iktii voti'd l»y rarliamcnt. and CU\,. ()(M) of I'xci'HS iiad liot'n di'mandod an a fiirtluT voto ; thin conld not bo conHidi'mi ho o;roat an oxponditnu' under all tlu' circiim- stauci'H. aw it incliuU'd the pay and iMpiipmcnt of two n'^imontrt of infantry. In his ivplion. he says, •• Not a pound shall lie expended '• l»v me iinnecessarilv. lait without monev vou could have had no • • ' ' •• town, no settlement, and Indeed no settlers. "V is very eertaln that "the puMie money cleared the ji'round, liuilt the town, secured it, '•kept both soldiers and settlers from starvin<>' with cold, and has •• brouiiht down above l(»(M) settlers from the other Colonies. Lots "in Halifax are now worth .'»(> guineas. If there was no puldic " m<)ney circulatin' f(»rts, barracks, store houses, " hospitals, chun-hes, wharves, etc., i)ubli(' works all that seem »' altsolutely necessary. Accordino; to your Lordship's directions, [ "have discharji'ed the two (iovernment Apothecaries and shall dis- " chartre some of the Surueons' .>hites that nmv be spared. As for " the saw mill, we never had one board from it — it has Iteen a constant " pla<>iie from the bei>innin<». Thirty men have been c<)nstantly kept " there ever since the affair of the Indians. (Jibnan has behaved so " ill I shall have to dlHchar*>;e him from all service. I have laid in a " (pumtity of lumber in the Kind's yaid this sprinji; at a reasonable " price. For want o.*' stock 1 have been sometimes oblijied to piiy " iT) per M. The settlers have paid t*(!. I have ji'ot them lately at " £;» lOs., t>) and £2 Iws. No new boards are ji'iven to settlers." The salaries to the public ollicers of C'ornwallis' (Jovernment appear exceedin' the settlement. His Aides- de-Camp, C'apt. IJulkely and Mr. dates,* had no allowance except some triHin<>; connnission on the issue of molasses and spirits. In June, IToO, the (lovernor and Council assiH|u'ctivt' lots t<» tlio contiv. Tlu'v luxl ln'gim to oUmu' (Icoijif'M IhImIkI !IM(1 to VWVi l»|ock-ll(MIHl'H. Sl'VlMl .'l^-pomKU'iH liiul ln't'M iiioiintiMl upon it, ami n luiliHndo carried all around tlu> workn. 'Vhv frame of tlu- C'hnrcli, which had been bronjiht from Howton, was erected and wan liein^ covereer of its houses, but no improvement of the lands in the neijjh hour hood had been nuide beyond a few snuiU jiardens. The fishery was prosperous d produced 2'), 000 (piintals the tlrst year. In the month of Aujjrust, 17')0, three hundred and llfty-threc settlers arrived in the sliiji Alderney ; and in September following, three hundred (Jerman Tiotestants, from the Palatinate, in the ship Ann. The (iovernor and Council were embarrassed in providirj for their sui)port. I found it necessary to enter into pecuniary nrranjiements w" i ■ merchants of the town, who at this early j)eriod had form, themselves into an association for the benefit of trade. Those who came in the ship Alderney, were sent to the opposite side of the harbour, and connnenecd the town of Dartmouth, which was laid out in the autumn of that year. In December followin*;, the first ferry was established, and .lohn Connor appointed feiryman by order in Council. In the sprinjj of the followinjj; year the Indians surprised Dart- mouth at night, scalped a number of settlers and carried oft several i)risoners. The inhabitants, fearing an attack, had cut down the spruce trees around their settlement, which, instead of a protection, as was intended, served as a cover for the enemy. Captain Clapham and his company of Rangers were stationed on IJlock-house hill, and it is said remained within his block-house firing from the loop-holes, during the whole affair. The Indians were said to have destroyed several dwellings, sparing neither women nor children. The light of the torches and the discharge of musketry alarmed the inhabitants of Halifax, some of whom put oft 2« Xoca iStvlia Jlistoriad iSociet>/. to their assistance, but did not arrive in any force till after the Indians had retired. The night was calm, and the cries of the settlers, and Avhoop of the Indians were distinctly heard on the western side of the harbour. On the followin*); morning, several bodies were brought over — the Indians having carried oft" the scalps.* Mr. Pyke, father of the late John George Pyke, Esq., many years police nnigistrate of Halifax, lost his life on this occasion. Those who tied to the woods were all taken prisoners but one. A court martial Avas called on the 14th May, to inquire into the conduct of the different connnanding ofKcers, both commissiy the Indians or French on the town of Halifax. Many stragglers were cut oft" during the first years of the settlement, particularly along the western side of the Basin, where the best firewood was to be obtained. It was at length found necessary to send out an armed body when fuel or lumber was rec^uired. The enenjy usually retired before a regular organized force. The Ranger companies under Goreham and Bartelo, were most efficient for this purpose ; they were usually recruited in New England, where men for that service were more readily found. The Governor in his letter to England mentions 4 men killed, soldiers prisoners who were not upon ^ruard, and our people killed 3 Indians, and had they done their duty well, might have killed many more. IJiafoni of Udlifdy City. 29 The Gorman sottlers who came in the ship Ann, were cmi)loyc<\ in the public works at 28. per day, besides a supply of beer and other liquors to each. It was decided that all settlers who came in the previous year, should cease to draw pro\'isions after the ir)th September, IToO. This order was afterwards repealed on 'iOth, and it Avas determined that all settlers already in the town or who should come before 1st December, should be entitled to one year's pro- visions from the time of their names bein work out their i)assa<>e money. About this period a uloom was cast over the settlement bv the news of the nnirder of the Hon. Kdward IIow, one of the Council at Chignecto. ''Captain IIow was employed on the expedition to " Chiunecto as knowino; the country well and beinji; acquainted both '•'■with the Indians and tlie inhal)itants, and furthermore he knew "personally their leaders, LeCorne and LeLontre. His whole " aim and study was to obtain a peace with the Indians, and "- o'ot the Knolish prisoners out of their hands, for which purpose he "often had conferences with the French oHicers under a Hao" of "truce. LeCorne one day sent a Haji; of truce by a P'rench ollicer "to the water side, a small river which parts his people from the " IJritish troops. Capt. IIow and the ollicers held a parley for some "time across the river. IIow had no sooner taken leave of the " ofllcers than a party that lay in ambush fired a volley at him and " shot him through the heart, an instance of treacherous brutality " not to be paralleled in history, and a violation of a Hag of truce, " which had ever been held sacred, and without which all faith is at " an end, and all transactions with an enemy." — [Cornwallis* letter 27th November.] n Soe victualling list in the appendix, no Xora SvhlUi in.stor!i'nl Stu-ioh/. TIjc spriiip; of 17')1 tlio nve acre lots on the Peninsula wore laid out ; the people engatrod in clearing the land. The uncertainty from surprise by Indians, however, nuich retarded the work ; a large space, however, was cleared around the town before winter set in. Another vessel having arrived on the 10th June, with (lernian Palatine settlers, they were directed to he employed at Dartmouth in picketing in the back of the town. In .luly, the arrival of 200 more was reported, and tiiey were <»rdered to lie placed at tlie iiead of the N. W. Arm and mouth of the Basin ; and those who owed work for their passage, were directed to picket in their stations. Monsieur Dupacquir, who had engaged to bring out .'>00 Swiss, brought but twenty this j'ear, but more were expected in tlie following spring. Ninth July, a proclamation issued to forfeit all lots of the town settlers who only put up slight frames of liouses, unless tliey immediately proceeded to- board them in and linisli them as dwellings. On the ISth June, Jas. Stephens and Wm. Harris were Imnged for house-breaking; this Avas tlie second public execution which took place in the town. William Piggot had a license granted him to open a coffee house on the .Sth April the same year. In January of this year the Council passed a series of regulations for the (ieneral Court and County Courts, and orderi'd them to be published by the Provost Marsiial by reading the same after the beat of drum through the settlement, and on the first day of the next sitting of the (Jeuuial Court and County Courts. The only matters further recorded worth}' of notice during the vear IT')!, was the «lismissal of Mr. Otis Little, the Commissary of Stores, for remissness in his oflice, and the resolution of the Governor anjil Council to pay a draft for £882, sent from (.Quebec, for the ransom of English prisoners taken by the Indians an;e's Island,* and expensive earth works had l»een thrown np. Towards the close of the year Mv. Joshna Clanger, a gentleman from England, who came ont at the connnencement of the settlement to trade and distil rnm for the soldiers, was charged by government with having attempted to make Halifax the repository for Lonisbnrg merchandize, bronght np secretly and to bo carrying on an illicit traffic, he l)eing at the time agent victnaller to Government, (lovernor Cornwallis, npon information, cansed Mr. Manger's stores to be searched f<»r contral»and articles lu'onght from Lonisbnrg. Mnch discnsslon cnsned, and the settlement was for so\ne time thrown into commotion, by what Mr. Manger called in his letter to Kngland, the high-iianded proceedings of the (Jovernor. 'This Island is called in the old French maps Isle Racket or the Snow Shoe Island, being in the shape of a snow shoe. it i : i -.rl 02 Nora Srntia Ili^tcrioal Snricf)/. ( iiAFraR in. In January, 17.V^, Mr. C<^llier, who liad been aetino; as Chief Justice, and Captain Frotlieringliani, were called to the Coiineil in place of Mr. Salisl)urv and Col. Horseman, v,lu> I'.ad returned to Knolanlished. At the same sittin«>' of the Council, an order was passed for the recordino; of deeds and mortoages, makino; all papers unrecorded void ajjainst those which had been reoistered. Col. Horseman's stone bulldiug was purchased for a prison in place of that before used. April 21)th, Charles Morris, James ^lonk, John Duport, Robert Ewer, .Joseph Scott, John Wm. Iloffeman and Leonard Christopher Kedolf were appointed Justices of the Peace. It was resolved in Council at their slttino; on 12th June, that a lottery should be held for l»ulldin<>; a Light House near Cape Sambro, to raise t'l'jO. One thousand tickets at f-i each. Prizes from one of .€')()(> to t'T the lowest. Two hundred prizes, in all amounting to f.JOOO, IT) per cent, to be def>/. 83 (Jovernor Coruwallis havin«; obtained pennission to re8i«5n the (ioveinmeiit, the Hon. Perejirlne T. Ilopson, was ai)i)ointod his snccessor, and was sworn into otiiee before the Coiineil on Monday, ;Jrd Aujjust. ^Ir. Cormvallis, howe\'er, did not leave the province nntil after the lOtli of October, as he api)ears to have attended the C'onncil held on tiiat day.* In Hepteni'x'r, 17o2, John Baptist Cope, eonnnonly called Major Cope, a Mic-^Mac chief, head of the Shubenacadie Indians, came in Avith terms of peace, which were ajjreed to. This bears date the loth September, in tliat y^ar. Immediately after this document Avas signed. Cope left town in a vessel, havinjj; recpiested Capt. AV. rigj>ot should be sent to Indian Harbour, to meet the Indians there, to ratify the Treaty. Mr. Piggot was accordingly dispatched, and brought up with him two or three Indians, who appeared before the Council, after which tliey were sent back to Beaver Harbour, under the conduct of Mr. Piggot, with blankets, provisions, etc. The terms of the Treaty were agreed to and conlirmed in Council, and the whole wi!S engrossed on parchment and ratified on 22nd November, 1762. The names of the Indian delegates on this occasion were, Andrew Ilodley 3Iartin, Gabriel Martin and Francis »Ieremiah. I\Ir. Saul received directions to issue provisions, accord- ing to the allowance of the troops for six months, for 1)0 Indians, that being the number of the tribe under Cope, occupying the eastern part of the province. This treaty does not appear to have been respected by the Indian Chief, who we find, not more than eight months after its ratification, refusing to respect the pass of (iovernor Hopsou to one Anthony Cartel, who had been captured by the Indians, in one of the harbours eastward of Halifax, and carried through the country to Shuben- acadie, the head-quarters of Major Cope, from whom he was ransomed by a French inhabitant. It would appear that the terms of amity, entered into by Cope and his men with the (iovernment at Halifax, had been in some manner without the sanction of Abbe LeLoutre, who, when Anthony Cartel was brought before Count ■fi p.-.'-. On September 29th, 1752, the first fire rcRulntions were publislied at Halifax, anionfr which arc found the folh)winK : Two or three Magistrates may order a hotise to be pulled down or blown up to stop a fire, the owner to be indemnified by the house owners of the Town. The fire wards to be appointed by the Justices of the Pcaec, each to (^urry a red sttitt' 6 feet long, with a bright brass spear 6 inches long on it; and Jlher regulations. This custom is still kept up in the Cityi or was until very lately. 84 Xoi'K, Sv(tti<( Jlistin'ical Sociclif. Knynioiul at LouisI)urtj;, wna present, and as Cartel expresses il, invei<;lied bitterly ajjaiiist (iovernor Cornwallis, ami said if he wanted peace he ought to have written to him, and not to liave treated with the tribe of Indians. Tliat he. Cartel, might depart, having been ransomed, but that the first Knglislnuan he oaiight slionld be retained until he, LeJ^outre, had full satisfaction for him- self and his Indians. In April following, two men named John Connor and James (irace, arrived at Halifax in an Indian canoe, bringing Mith them six Indian scalps. They informed the Council that they and two others, having i)ut into a place between Tor IJay and Country Harbour, in a schooner, were captured by the Indians, and carried ten miles into the country, where their two companions were nmrdered ; that they had surprised the Indians at night, killed several, whose scalps they secured , and having escaped to the seaside, seized a canoe, and made their way to Halifax. Along the coast, both east and west from Halifax, Indian massacres had been frequent. Those persons engaged in the fishery, who were com- pelled to land for wood and water, were chiefly the sufferers. IMuch had been said and written in Europe at the time, relative to the aggressions of the French, during the suspension of hostilities between the two nations. The Indians, from their religion and trading intercourse, more favourable to the French in Canada and Acadia, were made use of to harass the IJritish settlers, who (though the two nations were then at peace) were looked upon with a jealous eye by the resident French population. A French writer, (1 refer to a little work, now a scarce book, published during the second siege of Louisburg), states that the English neglected to cultivate an acquaintance with the manners and customs of the Indians, and it was therefore not surprising at the time, that they should show less affection towards them than towards the French, who had great regard to their humours and inclinations. "80 strong is their aversion to despotic power," says the nuthor, "that force will never do ; they will yield tp nothing but persuasion. Though they know nothing of precepts or subordination, yet they enjoy almost every advantage derived from well-regulated authority. Their laws and customs appear impressed on their hearts. In order to gain an ascendancy over them, you must gain their esteem, for Illstorff of ItaVijax CUij. 35 they never confide in a person whom tliey do not vahie, and tliis esteem is very ditHcult to obtain." Tlie savajies were exasperated ajjainst tlie Knf2;lish by a speech delivered by Count Raymond, at a meetinji; of tlie chiefs, in which, to suit his own pui'poses, he depicted the most frightful cruelties perpe- trated by the English. During the Indian hostilities, opposition on the part of the Colonists was altogether of a defensive nature. The regular troops, as well as the undisciplined militia, proving unfit for such warfare, it was found necessary to employ the New England Rangers. These Avere volunteers from the New England provinces, accustomed to Indian warfare, many of them Indians and half-bloods. They ascended tlie rivers, i)enetrated into the heart of the province, and attacked the enemy in their strongholds. The Indians finding they were opposed by men ecpmlly accustomed to the forest with them- selves, soon found it their interest to make peace with the British.* In 1758, it was found necessary to i)rocure the services of 250 of these Rangers from New P^ngland, by promises of high pay and other advantages. Long accustomed to the border war with the Indians and French of Canada, they had become Avell disciplined, and accustomed to hardships and fatigue, and were perhaps at this time superior " all other provincial troops in America. The Provincials were troops raised in the Colonies at the expense of the Provincial Ciovernnient, and Avere distinct from the Rangers, who were independent companies paid by the British Government. They served at Ilavannah, at Louisburg in the first siege under Pepperell, and with Wolfe at Louisburg and (Quebec, and afterwards served to form the groundAVork of Washington's army in 1775. After the fall of Fort AVilliam Henry in 1758, it Avas said that the INIarquis de Montcalm sent a number of prisoners taken at that place, in a A-e^sel to Halifax. They were Provincial soldiers, chiefly from the New F igland provinces. This Avas said to haA'e been an attempt to introduce the small pox into Halifax, many of the men being ill of the disorder on their embarkation. Providence, hoAVCA'er, frustrated this benevolent design. The prisoners being kept on loAv diet, half starved, and exposed to the cold, soon i i .; t ■ • • * Governor Cornvvallis reduced the Ilangera. He thought Gorcham very incom- petent to command them. 30 Xocd Scotia Jlititoricul >Sofu't>/. recovered, wliilv "le French in charge of the vessel, liaviiij>; indnlpied in the use of wine and strong fare, were thrown down with the disease, and nearly all perished. The vessel was l)ron; year 1 ()()() niore.f The latter were from Montbeliard, of the Confession of Angsbnrjih, and were placed under the spiritual charjje of the Kev. .1. IJ. JMoreau. They had been induced to einijjrate by j)roniises from Kinj; (ieor<'^iiis,iii,yMffM!m'tmi»ii'fm!'^ii»m*^mmfm'm9m IIiHtim/ of Ilalijax City. 87 pame out this yonr to hcII cvorytlunjj; they jmsacasod ovoii to their beddinp;, before fjoiu"; on board ; and they stated that owin«; to the want (»f beddiu"" and other convenieneeH, many of them died on tlie paHHafje an'ash Harbour, west of Mahone IJay, where they afterwards built the town of Lunenbur"'. They were accompanied by a company of Rangers under Major (Joreham. The expedition was placed under the comman;ie8 on the anniversary of the holiday, called (Juupowder Treason, beinji the 10th of November, accordinjj; to the alteration of the style. At the Council held on the 22nd I)eceud)er, 1752, the Justices were ordered to look out for a proper place for a bridewell or work- house, and to form a plan for the buildiu Henry Wynne and William Manthorue. Among the local events recorded this year, was a rol>bery in one of the King's storehouses, which was broken open on the night of the 26th October. There was also a cartel published l)y (iovernor Hopsou, for the exchange of prisoners with the French (lovernment in Canada. The most important circumstance of the year, however, was a charge against the Justices of the Inferior Court of Connnon Pleas, sent in to the Council by a number of the most influential iuhabi- IThtory of ITulifax Ctty. 80 taiits, olmrjjin}? tliom with pnrtiality, aiwl pniyliijf for n pnhUc hearing. TIiIh (locmnont waH pivHciitcd to the Council in Doci'njhor, and waH .si<;no(l by 'loHlnia Manner, .loHopli Hnndol, Iwaac Knott, .lolin (irant, Francis Martin, Kdward Crawley, Richard Cathorwood, Robert Campbell, William Xesbitt, .lohn Wel)l». William Mc(ioe, Sebastian Zouberbuhler, Sanuiel Sellon and Isaac DenchampH. These charges came on for hearin*;' before the Council on Jird January followinji; ; they consisted of ten distinct charges ajfainst Charles Morris, .lames Monk, .lohn Duport, Robert Kwer and William Hourn, Ksquires, .lustices of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, for the Town and County of Halifax, and were si«»;ned by the following inhabitants : .loshua Mauj>;er, S. Zouberbuhler, Samuel Sellon, Edward Huckleton, .lames Porter, Daniel Wood, .lonathan (lltT'ord, William Schwartz, Kdward Crawley, William .leffray, Vere Rous, Francis Martin, ,Iohn Brooks, Henry Wilkinson, William Nesbitt, .John Woodin, .lames Ford, George Featherstone, Thos. JSIattison, .loseph Antony, Alex. Kedy, .James Fullou, William Murray, Louis Tripe!lin«» all peisons (except foreij^nerii, who were to l»e placed elsewhere) hetween the aji;eH of 1<» and <»0, to Hcrvi' in the AJilitia. On the first day of .lune, another proclamation was issued for a inuster of the Militia. 'I'host' of llu^ south suhin'hs to assendde within the pickets opposite the end of Ilarrinji'ton Street, near Horseman's Fort. Those of the north suburbs, between the (!rena- dier Fort and J^utteral's Fort, and those of the town on the esplanade, near the Citadel Hill. On the 12th of April, ll^tl), (ilaiide (lisiirash, an Indian who styled himself (lovernor of LaHave, appeared before the Council, and haviu}); declared his intention of makinji; peace, terms of amity were drawn up and sijiiied by the (lovernor and the Indian Chief, on the part of himself and his peoi)le. The terms were the same as those made with Major Cope, and it was arranged that some of his tribe should come up and ratify the treaty. Governor Hopson went home on leave in the autumn of 175;], and the government was administered by Col. Lawrence. Jn one of his last letters to the Board of Trade, in reference to the disturbed state of the country, (rovernor Hopson says, " Your Lordships may imagine how disagreeable it is to me to see His Majesty's rights encroached upon, and those encroachments openly avowed and supported by the (lovernors of Canada and Louisburg, when it is not in my power to prevent it. I have barely a sut.icient force to protect the settlers from the insults of an Indian war, under pretence of Avhich the French take an opportunity to commit hostilities upon His Majestv's subjects. I am inf often liccn mixed iiiii(>ii<); them in the (>\|>e(UtionK, tind iim eonvineetl piiHt donlit thnt tht>y niv reeen «ndered to innpeet them. The retinii waw aw foUowH : Mr. Kii'haid llowevH, 2 stillH in (Iranville Stn-et. Wm. Murray, 1 Htill in (Irafton Street, rei)orted not .safe. .lonatluni (iitTord, 1 Htill in Itarrintfton Street. Octolter Kith, Mr. John (ireenwood presented a petition to the Council, Hinting that he had paid paHHa i'm.^ the labour of 12 men for IIG days. (Jovernor Ilopson took leave of the Council on 2()th October, and received an address on his departure. lie sailed for Knj>iand on the 2nd Novend)er followin«?. On the 10th November, two Indians ajjpeared before the Council, who had been sent from Lunenburji; by Col. Sutherland. They Htated they were of the tribe of Cape Sable Indians, which conninted of about (50 people with two chiefs ; that IJaptiste Thomas, one of their priests, was one of their chiefs, aud the other Francis .lean de PerisHc was not a chief, but deputed by the other chief. They stated that they had never joined with the other Indians to molest the Knglish ; that on the contrary they had always exhibited a friendly spirit, in conse(pience of which they had never received any assistance from the French. The Council gave them 2000 pounds of bread, 3 barrels of pork, 20 blankets, 30 pounds powder, some shot, tobacco and other articles, also two gold-laccd hats for their chiefs, and one sdver-laced for the deputy. The close of this year was occupied by the (lovernor and Council, in investigation of the riots which occurred at Lunenburg, known as the Hoffman Rebellion. It was found necessary to send Col. JVIonkton with a body of regular troops to suppress the riots. IMr. Hoffman, the supposed ringleader, was brought to Halifax and » • - t .. 42 Xofa ^Scotia Jlifilonait Sofh'it/. imprisoned on George's Island. He was afterwards tried and sentenced to a fine of £100 or two years imprisonment. It may be proper to advert to the religions condition of the settle- ment at this period. The greater portion of the inhabitants were at this time of the Chnrch of England. The Protestant Germans had nearly all nnited themselves to that Chnrch, and sought mission- aries from the S. P. (r. Society. The Rev. John Breynton succeeded Mr. Tutty in St. Paul's. Jn 1702, he reported that half of the population had professed them- selves members of the Church, and that the actual communicants were between oOO and fiOO. . Mr. Breynton established an Orphan House, and the Orphan School was under his superintendence. In 1 /;'),'}, fifty poor children were diligently instructed. Ralph Sharrock was the school-master. In 1755), the Rev. Thomas Wood from the Province of New Jersey, was appointed to assist Mr. Breynton, and he remained jointly in charge with Mr. Breynton until 17(53, when he was removed to Annapolis. It may heie be observed, that on the establishment of Repre- sentative Government at Halifax, in 17")H, among the first acts of the Assembly, Avas that for the support of Religious AVorship, which contained a clause for the free toleration of all Protestant dissenters, whether Lutherans, Calvinists, etc., completely exempting them from all charges for the support of the Established Church. By this act, the right of the parishioners of St. Paul's and all future parishes, to present their own minister to the ordinary for induction was declared, and immediately after its publication, the parishioners of the parish of St. Paul's, in the Town of Halifax, presented the Reverend John Breynton and the Reverend Thomas Wood as joint Rectors, or " Rector and Vicar," as they were called, to the Governor, who immediately went through the form of induction, a ceremony thought necessary in order to entitle them to privileges of incumbents. The record of this fact will be found in the correspon- dence of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel at that period. During the winter of 1753-4, there had been no disturbance from the Indians, and the (iovernment availed themselves of the oppor- tunity of sending out proper persons to make a survey of the UtfiUn'H of Hal I/ax Clff/. 43 country around. The Avinter was mild and the frost not so severe as usual or of so long continuanee. The valley of the Shuben- acadie had been examined, but it was not found available for settlement, being the principal resort of the Indians under Cope. The Township of Lawrencetown including Chezzetcook, had also been undertaken, and further grants of land in that quarter of the country were sought for in the following spring. The des'^vtion of many of the lower orders of the German settlers at Lunenburg is mentioned ; they appear to have gone over to the French, (governor Lawrence in his letter to the Board of Trade, August 1st. 1754, speaking of the French, says, " Thay have not for a long time brought anything to our markets, but on the other hand have carried everything to the French and Indians." At this time the land was being cleared for the Battery at the east side of the harbour, the site probably of the present eastern battery. A fort was also in progress of erection at Lawrencetown when the settlement was progressing, not having been disturbed by the Indians. This settlement had been formed by Governor Lawrence in consequence of the good meadow lands at the head of the harbour, and he granted the township to 20 proprietors and built a blockhouse for their protection. But the undertaking was not prosperous, and tinally failed to answer the object intended, owing to its exposed situation and the distance from Halifax. The arrival of the Vulture, sloop-of-war, Capt. Kenzey, from the Bay of Fundy, produced much excitement in the Town ; slie brought severfll prisoners charged with murder, who were lodged in jail to take their trial before the General Court.* Benjamin Street, Samuel Thornton and John Pastree, were placed on tneir trial for the murder of one of the midshipmen and a sailor of the Vulcan. It appeared on the trial that a schooner, of which the parties charged were part of the crew, commanded by one Hovey, belonging to Boston or some part of New England, was found trading in the Bay of Fundy and supplying the French with provisions, etc. Capt. Kenzey sent a boat aboard Hovey's shallop, under the idea that he had contraband goods on board. The crew refused to allow the man-of-war boat to come alongside, and fired u.. ^ ■ ♦ ■ Mr. Nisbctt was Attorney General at llic linio. Ho had been acting in that ofllou since the Sprint; of 1752. u y^ui'tl Srotld Jlistoi'iral .SV>c/t'///. into her, killing j\Ii'. eTolly and wonnding several others. Hovcy, the master, appears to have gone below and hid himself dnring the whole affair. lie was discovered in his berth by the ollicer in com- mand of the man-of-war boat, after the sloop had been captured. This affair occurred in July, 1754, and the trial took place before the Chief Justice in Michaelmas Term of that j'car. This was the lirst sitting at which Chief Justice Belcher presided. The three prisoners were acquitted of the murder, but it would api)ear they were found guilty of the minor offence, as they wore sentenced to six months imprisonment, and afterwards placed on board a man- of-war (1755). Joseph Hovey, the master, was discharged, the grand jury refusing to iiud a bill of indictment against him. The following appointments were made by the grand jury in Michaelmas Term, 1754: C4augers of Casks, Paul Pritchard and Lewis Piers ; Surveyers of Pickled Fish, Henry Ferguson and Daniel Hills ; Cullers of Dry Fish, Charles King and E. (ierrott ; Cullers of Hoops and Staves, Dennis Heffernau and Benoni Bartlctt ; Surveyors of Lumber, etc., Joseph Scott and Joseph Marshall; Surveyors of Cordwood, Sanniel McClurc, Josiah JMilliken and Joseph Wakefield. On Monday 14th October, 1754, Jonathan Belcher, Esq., was sworn in Chief Justice. The Court then adjourned to the Court House, where His Majesty's Commission was read, appointing Lt. Governor Lawrence, Governor General of the province. ISIr. Belcher's appointment bears date in July. At the connnencement of Michaelmas Term, the following ceremonies and procession were observed, the first of the kind ever seen in Nova Scotia. On the first day of Michaelmas Term, the Chief Justice walked from the Governor's house honoured by the presence of His Excellency Charles Lawrence, Esq., Lieutenant Governor, and accompanied by the Honourable the Members of II. M. Council, proceeded by the Provost Marshal, the Judge's tipstaff", and other civil oflicers, the gentlemen of the Bar attending in their gowns, and walking in procession to the long room at Pontach's, where an elegant break- fast was provided, where the Chief Justice in his scarlet robes, was received and complimented in the politest manner, by a great number of gentlemen and ladies, and officers of the Armv. Break- fast being over, they proceeded with the commission before them, to ^'mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm Ilistoi'if of ILOifnx Cit)/, 45 clmreh, where an excellent sermon was preached by the Rev. jSIr. Dreynton, from these words : " I am one of them that are peaceable and faithfnl in Israel." A suitable anthem was sun*;, after which they proceeded to the Court Ilonsc, which upon this occasion was very handso'nely fitted up, v.here the Chief Justice being seated with his Excellency the Lieutenant Governor on his right hand under a canopy, the clerk of the Crown presented His jMajesty's commission to the Chief Justice, appointing him to be Chief Justice within the province, which being returned, and proclamation for silence hc'u.^r " -? , the same was read, and directions were given by the Chief ii> >; '» for tlie conduct of the practitioners, and the grand juy appearing in Court npon the return of the precept, were sworn and charged by the Chief Justice, and the business of the day being linished, the Court adjourned. His Honor the Chief Justice, accompanied and attended as befare, returned to the Governor's house. A few days after ISIr. Chief Justice Belcher, the Provost ^Marshal, the gentlemen of the Bar, and other officers of H. M. Supreme Court, ar^d the gentlemen of the grand jury, waited on his pjxellency the Lieutenant Governor, when the Chief Justice, in his robes of office, addressed bin Kxcellency in the name of the Avhole, as ff)llows : "• Siu, — We esteem it our indispensable duty to testify our zeal, '' as Chief Justice, provost marshnl, grand jurors, practitioners and " officers of II. M. Supreme Court of judicature, for the interest of " tills province, and the protection of its laws, our attachment to your •' l)erson, and our respect and gratitude for your eminent services, " by expressing our joy in His Majesty appointing you to the chief '' command of this his dominion of Nova Scotia. Wo shall ever "• t'onsider it rvs essential to our fidelity In the execution of the laAvs, " to exert our Uiost vigilant endeavors for the ease and success of '^ your administrations, and not only to suppress any measure^ k' subversive of yt.ur consultations for the pulilic good, but at all " times atT'ectuatc the means prescribed by you for the prosperity' of '' the province. Our solicitude for the advancement of justice '' under the laws, caniot be more fervently expressed, than by the '' tender of cur anient wishes for your being and happy continuance " in the chief (hair <>!' this Government," ji-i i!.„. it ' 4G Xoi'd Srotni Wslntu'ral Sneielj/. To which his Excellency the Lieutenant (Jovevnor was pleased to muke the followino; answer : *' Mr. Chief Justice anject of tlellbera- tlon and the protection from the Incursions of the French along the Hay of Fundy and from Loulsburg, both nations l»elng at the time arrayed against each other in open warfare. On the IHth February, 1755, Mrs. (ireen, wife of lion. Benj. (ireen, and her family. Captain Horatio (Jates and Mrs. (Jates, with Captain Hale and their servants and baggage, were received on board Captain Kogers' sloop for Boston. Captain (Jates had been one of the Aldes-de-Camp of (iovernor Cornwallls, he was after- wards a (Tcneral In the American Revolutionary Army.* The loss of the Mars, a 70 gun ship, occurred oft' the harbour In May, 1755. It was In iiu easterly gale and supposed to be the fault of the pilot, (iuns and crew were all saved. The Mars rock at the western eiitraViCe of the bay marks the spot. The guns and stores were brought to Halifax. Admiral Holborn's letter announc- ^ce Bio^raphicc^l notQ in the It^sl Chapter. 48 Xora Srotia, Jlhtnriad Socicftf. ino; tlio loss of the shii) hears date the 2Htli May, oft" Halifax Harbour. ;{Oth December, 17")5, ^Montague Wilmot and Charles ]\rorrls, haviiif? Iteen appointed to the Council, were sworn in. The other members were .John Collier, Mr. Cotterell, Robert jNIonkton and Captain Rous. A number of French prizes, takey by the fleet under Admiral IJoscawen, Mere this summer l)rou»;ht into Halifax. There were in these 1!),0J)H gallons of rum and brandy. A Mr. Ellis had for seveial years held the ofllce of (Jovernor of Nova Scotia, and received the emoluments, but never came out. Lt. (Jovernor Lawrence receive The only other event of this year worthy of notice was the following melanclioly affair detailed in Col. Sutherland's letter from Lunenburg, dated 12th September. '' Yesterday," he says, " I received the melancholy account of Mr. Payzant's house being burned in Mahone Hay, and that he himself and other people who were with him, were killed by the Indians. 1 innnediately sent out an officer and party, which returned this morning, by whom I am informed that on Payzant's Island the house is burned, he with another young Jllstoi'tf of Uoltjdx fit II. 49 man killed and scalped, a woman servant and child also killed and scalped near the Avater side. His wife and fonr childre (t.isinii;. The younjj; man was son to a family which lived on Captain Kous's Island. As his hands were tied the gentlemen innnediately con- jectured some further mischief was done there, and on their arrival they found the man thereto belonging, likewise scalped. It appears that Captain Kous's is the most advanced settlement, that they first came there and took the boy to conduct them to Pnyzant's.'' 'My. Payzant came to this country with a strong recommendation from Mr. Pownall, secretary to the IJoard of Trade. The death of James Payzant, Ksqnire, a clerk in the otHce of the Secretary of State, of the age of 100 years is announced in the London (lazette for 17r>7. This was probably the father of the gentleman who came out to Halifax, to whom iVIr. Secretary Pownall's recommendation referred." 1750. January 2Gth, the term of Henry Wynne and William Manthorn's licences of the Dartmouth and Halifax ferry having expired, John Kock i)etitioned and obtained the same on the terms of his predecessors. On the 30th June, 1757, Lord Loudon arrived at Halifax with the troops from New York, destined for the invasion of Cape lireton. Saturday, 16th July, 1757, His Excellency acquainted the Council that the Earl of Loudon had this day represented to him that a fever had broken out among the troops, under His Lordship's connnand, occasioned by the great quantities of rum that were sold to the soldiers by unlicensed retailers, and if continued nmst prove of fatal consequences to the service ; and unless steps were immediately taken to effectually stop the same, he would feel himself justified in ordering all liquoi's found in the possession of such unlicensed retailers to be , with several others which afterwards joined them, and 1(5 smaller vessels of >vnr. The naval forces amounted 1(>,(K)(> men, and tlu' land forcea to 12,000, six thousand of whom were provincial troops. Loudon left three regiments at Halifax, and several of the vessels renuuned to winter here. In May of this year the (iovernor and C<»uncil offered a bounty for sowing land with grass on the peninsula of Halifax, also for the erection of stone fences around the lots, and for raising grain and potatoes. Loudon was succeeded in the supreme command by Abercrombi»i, another incompetent — a debilitated old man who renmined in com- mand for a short time. He was succeeded by Sir Jeffrey Amherst. In the following spring about 12,000 troops arrived at Halifax, under the comnumd of (General Amherst. They were soon followed by Admiral Uoscawen from England with a large Heel consisting of 23 ships of the line and IM frigates. This great Heet arrived in Halifax harbour in 3Iay, 17'»M, accompanied by 120 transports. The lan«l forces amounted to 12,200 men. On Sunday, 2Mth 31ay, they set sail from Halifax, ir)7 vessels in all. They were met by (Jeneral Amherst, with part of the force, as they went out of the harbour, (loveruor Lawrence accompaniel Jliilijny f^ihf. r>5 TIiIh yoftr >v«h also ineinornl)lo jih llie one in which Kcpiv- HCMitiitivc Govonuneiit wiih CHtaMiHt'd in Nova Scotia. Tlic Hubjcct of calling a hc);ishitivc AHuenilily liad inuUM'^onc much ('iKcuHeiion. It had liccn ivprcsoiitcd liy Ihc (Jovcnior and Council, to th<* authorities in Kn^land, tliat such a ntcp at tluit paiticuhir time would be fraught with much danger to the peace of tlu colony Chii'f .luHtice Helciicr, however, having 7, tliat a representative system should he ostaMiHlied and tiuit twelve ujendjcrs should be elcctid by the province at lar}>;e, until it <'ould be conveniently divided into counties, and that the township of Halifax should s(>nd four niendters, Lunenburtj; two, Dartmouth oiu', Kawrencetown < '.m', Anmipolis Hoyal oiu', and Cundu'rland one, nuikinij in all twenty two members, and the necessary rei»ulations were also mude for carryings into effect the object intended. Much discontent prevailed in the town, and also in other partw <»f the pr(»vinoc, in consequence of the oppositioi. <<♦' (iovertior Fiawrenco to the calling' of a He[>resentativ(^ Assembiy. Hithert(» tin' (lovcrnment ha;islative and !,xecutiv«' au*'"Mity. I'nder the Koyal instructions the (Jovern.'r was directed to call a Kepresentative Assembly as soon as the circumstanceH of the country would permit, but the (Iovernor was of opinion that it would be injudicious to proceed to a popular election until the country was better jjrcpared for it. After repeated remonstrances fronj the people of Halifax and sonie i)res8ure from his Council, it was on the 7th January resolved in Council that an assenddy shouhl be called, and a plan was drawn up and submitted to the Board of Trade for the sanction of the home government. VVe find, however, that in Febrnary following it was resolved by the inhabi- tants of Halifax to petition the Crown against the conduct of (Iovernor Lawrence, not only as regards his nnwilliugness to establish a representative government, but his oppressive and overbearing conduct in other respects to nnmy of the leading inhabitants. This petition was entrusted to one Ferdinantlo Paris, a gentleman in London, accompanied by affidavits and a power of I ; 56 JVbi'rt Scotia Historical Society. attorney, conferring on him authority to represent the subscribers before the Privy Council and the Board of Trade and Plantations. A subseripton was set on foot, and about £120 sterling subscribed, to meet the expenses of the application to Ciovernment. Those documents were certified by Chief .Fustice Ik'lclu^r as authentic, on 14th Marcli. As these proceedings bear date in February, 17')?, it is probable that the resolution of the Council of the 7th January had not been made known. The petition and power were signed by the following residents of the town who reputed themselves as a committee appointed bv the people for the purpose of forwarding their views : Robert Saonderson, William Pantree, Malachi Salter, Jonathan Binney, Otto \Vn\. SchAvartz, Robert Campbell, Henry Ferguson and John Grant. These papers were also accompanied by a copy of an address from the people of Halifax to Lt. (xovernor Robert Monkton, praying that certain sums of money, collected as rum duties, etc., might be expended on the fortifications of the town as a protection to the inhabitants, and oflFering to contribute both labour and money for the purpose. It also complains of the " misera])lo management of those Avho have had the direction of the defences." This petition bears date lUth October, in the same yeai'. The language of one of the letters addressed to Mr. Paris, the request on the subject of the Halifax grievances and the over- bearing military rule of (lovernor Lawrence, bespeak nuich excitement to have existed in the town on the subject. The feeling ai)pears to have prevailed principally among the leading inhabitants. We find that the list aliove referred to was signed by Mr. Binney, Mr. Salter, Mr. Pantree, Mr. Scliwartz, Dr. (Jrant, Mr. Sannderson, Mr. Fairbanks, Mr. Robt. Campbell, Mr. Butler, yjr. Suckling, Mr. Vanput, Mr. (J. (Jerrish, Mr. (iibbon, Mr. Wiswell, Mr. Mason, and many others. On the first of Noveinber following, the Grand Jury of Halifax petitioned Governor Lawrence that some immediate steps may be taken to fortify the town so that the inhabitants might be placed in a more secure position in case, of invasio.i. They refer to a petition presented to Lt. Governor Monkton on the same subject, to which no reply had been made, and concluded by asking that they might know without further delay what they were to exi)ect ; that if no further security is to be provided for the settlement they may have an ol a pli Jio.^ Jllslorif of lIitUfo.c CH>/. i)i Jill opportunity of conveyir.g themseh-es, their families uikI effects to ti place of jjreater safety iu some of the neighbouring Colonies. The names of the (Irand -lur}' Avere Kobert Saunderson, Joseph Kunclell, John Anderson, Paul Pritchard, Hugh ^NIcKay, Josei)h Fairbanks, William Schwartz, Kobert Campbell, AVilliam Pantrec, John Killick, John Hrooks, Henry AVilkinson, Walter iNIanning, John Slayter, Kichard CatherAvood, Joseph Pierce, Alexander Cunningham, Kichard Tritton, Jonathan Gift'ord and Benjamin Leigh. On Monday, the 2nd of October, 1758, the newly elected members met in the Court House in Halifax, pursuant to sununons from the Provost Marshall ; their names were as follows : Josei)h (lerrish, Kobert Saunderson, Henry Newton, William Foy, William Nesbitt, Joseph Kundell. F^sipiires. William Best, Alexr. Kedie, Jonathan Binney, Henry Ferguson, (leorge Suckling, Kobert Campbell, AVillm. Pantree, Joseph Fairbanks, Philip Hammond, John Fillis, Jjambert Folkers, \ (Jentlemen. Phiiii) Kuput. , • . J. . hjM<-*H t, Newton ana Kundell, |jo wait on the They sent Messrs. Nesbitt, (lovernor, who sent Messrs. Morris and Green from the Council to swear them iu. They then chose Robert Saunderson their speaker, which was confirmed by the Governor, who addressed them as follows: "Gentlemen of the Council and House of Represent- atives : His Majesty having been most graciously pleased by his royal instructions to his Governors of this Province to direct the calling an assembly of the freeholders to act in conjunction with his Governor and Council as the Legislative Authority, when such a measure should be found essential to his service ; 1 am to assure you that it is with particular pleasure I now meet you convened in that capacity, in consequence of a plan some time since formed here for that purpose, with the advice and assistance of His Majesty's .)H Xoi'o, >Sojtiu JIf'fitoi'kvl SuciHi/. Council, and Ity me transmitted to the J-,oid Connnlssioner for Trade aiul Plantations to be laid before His Majesty for his approbation. '' (Jentlenien of the House of Hepresentatives : " I entertain the most sanguine hopes that you are come together " unanimously dit*posed to promote the service of the Crown, or in " other words, the real Avelfare and prosperity of the people whoui " you have the honour to represent, in everj' point to the utmost of '' your authority and cai)acity. " This, I presume, you will conceive is justly to be expected, not " only from the immediate regard due to the Civil Rights and "■ Interests of your constituents, but likewise from the uns[)eakable "• obligations you are under to demonstrate in their behalf your '* dutiful sense of His Majesty's paternal concern for the prosperity " and security of those his subjects in those distinguishing marks " of his royal favour and protection which we have from time to •' time so happily experienced in the Heets and armies sent out for " our immediate preservation when Ave were under the most imminent " danger of being swallowed up by a merciless enemy ; also in the " ample supplies of money for so many years annuall}' granted for " the support and encouragement of this infant colonj^ ; and inore- " over still, in the continuance of His Majesty's royal bounty for " that purpose, when from the seeming inclination of the inhabitants " to have an assembly convened some time since, it might have " been presumed, and indeed by an article of His Majesty's " Instructions, which 1 shall order to be laid before you. it has been " judged that the Colony has become capable of proviciing for the " necessary support of government here, as has been usual in all " His Majesty's other American Dominions. " Gentlemen of both Houses : "As my Military occupation requires my attendance a :S early as " possible upon the Counnander-in-Chief of the Forces to ihe West- " ward, and as the Lieutenant Ciovernor is now necessarily employed, " and will be for some time to come, upon an enterprise of " imi)ortance in a distant part of the province, there is not at " present an opportunity of entering upon such particulars as might " otherAvise call for your attention; J am therefore earnestly to " recommend to your serious consideration the expediency, or rather Uiatoi'H of Jlah'Ji(,c OV//. 50 " the necessity of uimniinity and dispatch iu the coutirmation of " such Acts or lesohitions of a legishitive nature, as the Governor " and Council under His Majesty's Royal Instructions have found " expedient, before tlie forming of an assembly and indispensably '• necessary for promoting the welfare and peaceable (Government of " this people. " You may depend upon it, Gentlemen, on my return to the " (lovernment you will find me perfectly disposed to concur with '"• you in enacting such further laws, making such amendments to " the present ones, and establishing such other regidations as shall " appear upon more mature delilierations to be consistent with the " honour and dignity of the (.^roAvn and conducive to the lasting " happiness of His Majesty's subjects where I have the honour to " preside. " ClIAHLES L.VWKKXCE." The House then resolved that the members should all serve with- out pay for the session. The calling of the Legislature had been delayed till the autnmn in consequence of both the Governor and Jvt. Ciovernor being absent with the Army at Louisburg. Governor Lawrence came up to Halifax from Louisburg specially to meet the J^egislature. The Governor in his letter to the Board of Trade about this time noticed particularly the serious effects on the settlement of the enormous importation and retail of spirituous liquors, and expressed a hope that the Legislature would check it. On 2nd July, 1761 (second session) the House voted £50 for a public clock in the Town. The following year (1759) Halifax was again the rendezvous for part of the fleet and army both before and after the siege of Quebec ; not a few of the more enterprising settlers followed the camp and enriched themselves during the war. Admiral Darell with 4 ships of the line arrived in Halifax Harbor in April and left for the St. Lawrence on 5th May. At the news of the victory, the town was illuminated, and tire works, bonfires and other public entertainments lasted several days. Between the years 1751) and 1768 the harbor had been the constant resort of the squadrons under Lord Colville and others ; i ■ , 60 Xnva >^co(ui, Jlislorical 'ocietif. the place was euliveiiecl by the presenc^ )f ;i large aniiy aiul navy, and at the close pf the war several gentlemen of condition were induced to become settlers. Peace having been proclaimed in 170.'^, the 2Sth day of December of that year was solemnized at Halifax as a day of thanksgiving on account of the termination of the war. Though the town possessed all the advantages to be derived from the presence of the naval and military forces, the resident population did not increase. I^'rom the notitia parochials of the Rev. Dr. Breynton, the Kector of 8t. Paul's, the number of inlial)itant8 in the town did not exceed 1300 souls. However, in 1769, six year« after, the Doctor makes the following return : Inhabitants in and a])out Halifax including (garrison ? Acadian French aud fishermen, by the late public survey 5000 souls, of which 200 are Acadians and 5') protestant dissenters. The number of births that year was 200 and the deatlis 11)0. Among the local occurrences of the year 1759, was tiie trial of Thomas Lathum, baker, tor the murder of Lieutenant Collins of the Royal Navy. It appeared that Mr. Collins, Captain Sweeney, Doctor .Johns, Mr. Fulton and others of the Navy, had been sipping at the house of one John Field, and late in the evening proposed to go out in search of some Avomen with whom one of them had made an engagement. They knocked at the door of one Hewitt, and inquired for Polly. On being refused adniission, it appeared that Tliomas Lathum, the brother-in-law of Hewitt, who lived in the neighbourhood, hearing the noise, came to his own door and demanded of the gentlemen in the street whether they intended to rob Mr. Hewitt. They replied that they were gentlemen and not robbers. Some further words provoked a scutlle, in which Fulton was dragged by Lathum into his house. The affair terminated in Lathum discharging a gun after the party, and mortally wounding Collins. Captain Sweeny had i)reviously called the guard, who shortly after the affair arrived and took Lathum into custody. J^athum was tried on the 24th April, 1759. The names of the grand jury, who found the bill of indictment, were Michael Francklin, foreman, Charles Proctor, Abraham Bowyer, Walter Manning, James Quinn, Nathan Nathans, J. Pernette, John Craig, Terrence Fitzpatrick, John Kerby, Jonathan JliHtory of Halifax (Jlly. 61 Pierce, James Porter, Henry Sibley, J. Flanagan, Michael Moloney, Kobert Cowie, Charles Terlaven, Jonathan Giflford and James Browne. On the 11th March, 17G0, the following gentlemen were appointed Justices of the Peace for the county of Halifax, viz. : The Hon. .Jonathan Belcher, Hon, Benjamin Crreen, Hon. Jolni Collier, Hon. Charles Morris, Hon. Richard Bulkeley, Hon. Tliomas Saul, Hon. Joseph Gcrrish, William Nesbitt, John Duport, Joseph Scott, John Creighton, Seba&tine Zouberbuhlcr, Kdward Crawley, Charles Proctor and Benjamin Gerrish, and on 30th December following, Malachi Salter, Alexander Grant, Jonathan Binney and John Biirbidge were added to the numlier, ^lessrs. Morris, Duport, Scott, Gerrish and Crawley were appointed .histices of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas. Governor Lawrence, who had been for 7 days ill, died of inflamma- tion of the lungs on the morning of the 10th October, 1760. The Council were iuimeiliately summoned, and Chief Justice Belcher sworn in to administer the Government. A question had arisen on a previous occasion, between Mr. Belcher and Mr. Green, as to the cligibilit}' of the Chief Justice to the ofllce of administrator of the Government, which was decided in favour of the Chief Justice, but some years after, the (piestion Avas determined by the British Government declaring that the two oflices of administrator of the Government and Chief Justice, should never be held by the same person. It was resolved in Council, tliat the funeral of the late Governor should be at the public expense, and a monument to his memory was afterwards voted by the Assembly to be placed in St. Paul's Church.* The funeral of Governor Lawrenr'e took place on the Thursday following, 24th October, at 4 p. m. The procession began from Government House as follows : — The Troops in (iarrison, the Military Oftlcers, two field pieces G poimders, the Physicians, the ministers, the corpse in a coffin covered with black velvet, and the pall, to which were affixed ' The inscription to be placed on this monument la given at full IcnKth in the (iazette of that day, but it was not to bo found amonx those which cover the walls of old St. Paul's. There is, however, an escutcheon with the arms of Lawrence on the east gallery. 02 Xnva Smliti HifttorirHl SnrH'lf/. escutcheons of His Excellency's arms, supported by tlie President and the rest of IIih Majesty's Council. The ^lourners, tiu' Trovost ^Marshall, the House of Assembly, the Magistrates, the Civil OfJicers, the Freemasons and a number of the inhabitants. The Hearers, Clergy, Physicians and all Otlicers, Civil and Military had linen and camltiic hat-bauds. The corpse was preceded ueav Die church by the orphans singin3 Alxnit the end of October, Commodore Lord Colville arrived in the liJirbor with tiie Northumberland and tln-oe otlier ships of the line iind several fri;omery's Highlanders to relieve the two battalions of the OOth Royal Americans. Among the advertisements in the Halifax Gazette of 1st November, 17y tlie artillery. liOrd Colville's fleet being •:. the harbour at the time, ''each ship fired a Royal Salute, beginning Avith his Lordship's flagship the Northumberland." The order of the procession on this occasion was as follows : — 1st, A Company of (Jrenadiers ; 2nd, Constables of the Tov»n ; 3rd, ' Now Northup's corner, Buckingham and Argjio Streets. t At this period there waa a fence on the north side of what is now called Jacob St. and ii gate near the openinK of Hrunswick St., in front of the North Barrack old parade, some say further north. I The situation of the south gate is uncertain ; there were several south gates. It was along Salter Street, probably in a line with the old forts known as I^uttrell's and Horseman's Forts. 04 Nora Si'ott'a Jlistorirnl Sovielif. Magistrates; 4th, Civil OtHoers of (..ivernmeut ; 5th, Constables; Gth, The Provost Marshall with two depiities on horseback ; 7th, a Band of ]Miisie ; Hth, Constables ; 9tli, The Commander-in-Chief of the Province, the Honorable .Jonathan Belcher, with Admiral Lord Colville and Colonel Foster, commandant of the Garrison, and the members of His Majesty's Coinicil; 10th, the Speaker and the members of the Honse of Assembly, followed by the principal inhabitants. At three o'clock the company waited on the Com- mander-in-Chief at (Governor Lawrence's head tavern, where a very elegant entertaiinnent was provided for tliem, and after dinner His Majesty's health was drnnk nnder Koyal SaUite from the Batteries, also other toasts, and the evening concluded with great rejoicings and illuminations, bon-lires and artificial fire works, played off by the Koyal Artillery, A sermon was afterwards ordered to b(? preached (l.'Uh February, 17(51) in St. Paul's Church, on account of the decease of the late King, and all public amusements were ordered to cease for one month from that day. The 17th was accordingly set apart anrl the sermon preached by the Uev. T. Wood, the Curate. Part of St. Paul's church was hung in black, and minute guns were tired foi* an hour and a lialf, and the flags on the Citadel and (rcorge's Island were half-mast during the day. On the 11th day of February, 1700, two Indian Chiefs of the Passanmquodd}' and St. John River tribes, came to Halifax with Colonel Arbuthnot and appeared before the Council, and by their interpreter, settled with the (lovernor terms of peace, renewing the Treaty of 1725 and giving hostages for their good behaviour. At their request truck houses were established at Fort Frederick. Benjamin (4errish, John Collier and Thomas Said were appointed a Committee to prepare the Treaty in French and English, which was to be taken l)ack with them to be ratified by their tribes. It was arranged that Colonel Arbuthnot should accompany them, and that they should be sent back at the puldic expense, alter which His Majesty's health was drunk and the Chiefs returned to the quarters assigned them by the Governor. On the 13th the Treaty was ratified in Council and the Indians and the CJovernor and Council settled the tal)le of the prices to be established at the truck houses. The Indians stated that the number of tlieir tribes, men, women and children, was about 500, During the sitting of the Council on the Jlisfoi'tf of JIah'fiix t'ifif. 65 lUtli, Roj^ei' Morrib, one of tho Mic-Mat' IiuUuim, appeared and brought with him three Frenchmen who were lately arrived from Pictoii, and another Indian called Claude Kenie, Avho said he was Chief of the Tribe of Cheboudie IndiauH. He stated that he had left 70 of luH people at tieddore ; the men wore out killin}>; moose and their families were in want of provisions. It was arranged that provisions should be sent to them and that the men should forthwith come up and conclude a peace. Treaties of peace were afterwards concluded on lOth March following with three Mic-Mac Chiefs, viz., Paul Laurent, chief of the Tribe of LaHave, IMichael Angustine, chief of the Tribe of Richibucto, and the before-mentioned Claude Renie, chief of the Cheboudie and Musquodoboit Indians ; the treaty was signed in Council on that day and they received their annual presents. Another treaty of peace was signed in Council on loth October, 1761, with Jannesvil Peitougawash, Chief of the Indians of the Tribe of Pictock and IVIalogomish, and the merchants and traders were notified that the Indian trade to the eastward would be thrown open under regulations in the following spring. The following summer Joseph Argunault, Chief of the Mongwash Indians, with a number of followers, appeared before the Council and executed a final Treaty of peace. The members of Council and Legislature, with the Magistrates and public oflicers, attended on the occasion. The Abbe Mallaird being introduced, interpreted the treaty to the Chief, who was then addressed by the Hon. Mr. Belcher, the Com- mander-in-Chief. The treaty was respectively signed by the Commander-in-Chief and the Indian Chief, and witnessed by the members of the Council present, the Speaker of the Assembly and Mr. Mallaird.* The Chief then addressed Mr. Belcher in the folloAving manner : That he had formerly paid obedience to another King, but that he now acknowledged King George 3rd for his only lawful Sovereign, and vowed eternal fidelity and submission to him ; that his submission was not by compulsion, but that it was free and voluntary with his whole heart, and that he should always esteem King George 3rd as his good father and protector. That he now buried the hatchet in behalf of himself and his whole tribe, in token (i I.; " Note.— ThiK document is not to be found anionK the papers preserved in the Secretary 'h oiHce at Halifax. Sv M Xni'it Scotiii, Jlisloi'iviil Sot'iH;/, of their 8ul»iniHHion, and of theii' luivinji imule ii j)L'ii('i' which hIiouIcI never be broken npon any consideration wliatever. Tiie Ciiief tlien laid the hatchet on the eartli, and the bame being' bnried the Indianw went thronjfh the ceremony of waHJiinji, tiie paint from their bodicH, in token of hostilities beinjj ended, and then partook of a repast set ont for them on the {viound, and the whole ceremony was concluded by all present drinking' the King's health and their llaggas. This ceremony is said to have been performed in the (iovernor's garden, westward of the old English burial ground, where the Court House now stands. IJenjamin (lerrish, Ks(piire, was appointed Connnis- sioner of Indian Affairs, and additional truck houses were built and other arrangements made throughout the Province for nun-e effectually carrying on the Indian trade. On the :U)th December, 17()(), IVIalachi Salter, Alexander (Jrant, Jonathan IJinney and John IJurbidge were appointed Justices of the Peace for the Town of Halifax. Mr. llurbidge was a member of jVssembly ; he afterwards removed to the country and settled in Cornwallis township, where his descendants now remain. The French having invaded the British settlements in Newfound- land, and captured the fort of St. John, a council-of-war was called at Halifax, for the pnrpose of consulting on means of the defence of the town in ease of an attack. This Council was composed of Lt. (iovernor Belcher, Col. Richard Bulkely, Halifax Militia, Major General Bastead of the Engineers, Col. William Foster, Lt. Col. Hamilton, Lt. Col. Job "NVinslow, and the Right Honorable Lord Colville, commander-in-chief of the squadron. They met on the 10th July, 1762, and continued their sittings until 17th August. They recommended to Government the embodying a i)ortion of the militia force, an*, that the Batteries on George's Island, Fort George, Point Pleasant and East Battery should be put in repair and guns mounted, and the erection of such works around the town and at the Dockyard as might be considered necessary for the protection of the place. The whole to be placed under the superintendence of (ieueral Bastead of the Engineers. Some of the old works were put in repair and others added on this occasion, but the cause of alarm having subsided, further expense was deemed unnecessary. At the first settlement it had been found necessary to occupy not only every elevated position in the vicinity, but also large spaces arou othe ceas( lay obsti gru- "^'nriinw Ilfntorif of Ifalifax, Clfjf. «)< around the town nn at first laid out, for the purposes of defence and other military oltjeots. After the ncceHsity for those defences had ceased, it fre(piently oecurred that the military commanders would lay claim to the <;rotinds as militaiy property, and in this way obstacles had continually arisen to the extension of the town, a ojrievancc which has continued to be felt until the present time. Those whose duty it was to plan and lay out the town appear to have been jiuided more with a view to the construction of a military encampment than that of a town for the acconnnodation of an increasin<>; population. The narroAv blocks and small dimensions of the building lots have been found to be a continual drawback on the comfort, the health and the convenience of the inhabitants, and of late years these inconveniences have been severely felt in the business parts of the city. This, however, was not the case in laying out the north and south suburbs ; here the lots Avere of ample dimensions, and though the streets were not of the width frequently met with in modern cities, yet of sutlicient dimensions to ensure comfort. It is to be regretted that the town and city authorities, during the last 35 years, have not, as in other places, exerted their authority in the arrangement and laying off of building lots, and by whole jome regulations, prevented the crowding of buildings on pieces of land not sufficiently deep to admit of proper ventilation. It is also a matter of the utmost importance to the future welfare of the city that those lands now in the hands of the military and naval boards in various directions around the city which are not immediately required for military woiks should be handed over to the Civil Government for public promenades and other useful purposes. July 18th, 1768. The Chiefs of the tribes of Indians of St. John's River, named Pierre Thomas and Ambroise St. Anbon, appeared before the Council with the following requests : They said the use of rum and spirituous liquors was too common among them, and requested that a remedy might be thought of to prevent it. They also recpiired lands for cultivation, and that they should not be required to bear arms in case of war with any of the European powers. That some further regulations of prices in their traffic should be made, and several other matters, all of which appear to have been granted them. They desired to return home as soon as possible, that their people might not be debauched with liquor in the town. \-- I.: 66 uVom Scotia Ilintoi'ical Societ>/. Tins year (17(58) Mv. Joshua IMauger retired from the office of Agent of the Provhieo in Loneneral election took place, after wliicli the House sat for fourteen years Avitliout bein^ dissolved. In 1771, (iovernor Lord William Campbell issued a proclamation forbidding horse races as tending to gambling and idleness. October 8th, 1778. Governor Legge was sworn into oHice. The subject of fortifying the town came under the consideration of the Council in the following year. It was considered that the ground being rocky in manj* places around the town, it would not admit of entrenchments being made, and that the only practical fortifications would be temporary blockhouses and palisades, and it was resolved that the Engineers under Col. Spry do innnediately proceed to fortify the Navy Yard in that manner, which may be defended by the j)eople of the town, aud affoi'd a retreat for them. Any attemi)t at fortifying the Citadel Hill this season was thought to be out of the question, the season being too late, the scarcity of workmen very great, and there being no troops for its defence. The (jrovernor proposed and it Avas agreed in Council to collect a foice of 1000 men with pay and provisions, aud that [vwr com- panies of light infantr}^ now forming at Jjunenbuig be ordered up, and that 100 Acadians fi'om Clare and Yarmouth, and \.wo light companies from Kings County do march immediately to Halifax. The public authorities uppear to have been kept ii: \ con.stant state of apprehension of invasion, while a continued suspicion of many of the leading inhabitants being favourable to the revolt, seemed to have taken possession of the mind* of (loveruor Legge, who, having differences of opinion with some of his ofHcials, attributed their disagreement with him on subjects of finance, etc., as marks of dislovaltv. He at length became so obnoxious to those iu authority, that it was deemed advisable to remove him from the (lovernment. His quarrels with Jonathan Binney, Governor Francklin and other leading men of the town, are disclosed iu the oflicial letters and minutes of Council of that day. It was found necessary to remove the ^Military Stores to George's Island for safety, and additional batteries Avere erected there. The olHcers of the Town Hegiment o/ Militia were called on to subscribe the Oath of Allegiance before going on duty. Those who sub- scribed were Col. IJutler, Major Smith, Captains Vanput, Brown, Finney and Millet, Lieutenaals Pykc, Piers, Solomon, Clarke aud 74 Xoca Scotia Historical Society. Fletcher, Secoiul Lieutenants Tritton, Jacobs, Schwartz and Kerby, and Adjutant Peters. Among them we recognize several family names, the grandsires of some of our present citizens. Among the magistrates appointed in 1771 were Joseph Gray, John Aniiel and Captain Thompson of I lis iMajesty's Ship Mermaid. The bureau of Governor Lcgge, at tlie Government House, Avas broken open in 1744, and a reward of £100 was offered for the detection of the thief. The condition of the Orphan House, and the children therein, was considered bad, and an order was issued for innnediate steps to be taken for its being put on a better footing. During the Avinter of 1774, Sambro Light House was without light for five successive nights in consequence of Mr. Woodmass, the contractor, not having sent down a supi)ly of oil, for which lie was dismissed by Order of Council. The following year William Nesbitt, speaker of the House of Assembly, was appointed Custos of Halifax County, and the names of Thomas Bridge and Thomas Proctor added to the Commission of the Peace. Col. Butler, commanding the militia force. rei)orted that the sickness in the town, together with the dail}' labour of the inhaliltants, rendered it diilicuit to make up the number of men orderett fol' the town guard, which duty the i)eople considered a hardshii). The guard was accordingly ordered by the Council to Ix; discontinued. The scarcity of provisions in the town Avas at this time so great that the government found it necessary to tlinpatch tlie Snow Elizabeth to (^uel>ec for flour for the inhabitants. The impressment of men for the Navy had been a gr^^at grievMnce ; the trade of the country was not only injured, but the town wan becoming deprived of lish and fuel in consecjuence of the scarcity of lishermeu and labourers. The merchants petitioned the Governor and Council on the subject. The memorial was sent to the naval commaiuler of the station ; it does not appear, however, that any further attention was paid to the remonstrance. In September, 177;'), it Avas proposed to tln-oAv u)) some temporary Avoi'ks in addition to the old Avorks on Citadel Hill, and to entrench about the naval yard. On consideration, it AAas thought too late in this season to do any earth Avork on Citadel Hill. Col. Spry, Ilisftiri/ III' IliiJIfti.'' ('ill/. iii \n>\\v\v[\ i)ro[M»si.'d till' I'li'i'lidU of IjlofUlioiisi's in tlio lu-iyiilxmrhotul (»f tlic town. It is pi'ohnliji! tin- old lilooklioiises at Foit Xi'odliam aiul TliiTr Mill' House, tlii' ri'iiialiis of wliicli aiv witiiii! tlu; ivcollei'tion of many ()1" otii' I'iti/i'ns, may iiavo l)i'i'n originally constructeil altoiit this tinio. 'I'lii'v wvw in full ri'i)air iluriui;" tlit- war of I -s 12. till A I'ontinual inllux ot stran;ii'rs rrom tUi' olU colonies caused Martial Law to he proclaimed on the .'JOtli of X )veml)er of tins year, and it was deemed necessary I»y the Council that ji proclamation should lie issued re(|uirin,u' all persons not being" settled inhabitants of the town, who had arrived since 8e[)tember, to give notice of their arrival and names to two Magistrates, and all inn and tavein keepers were re(iuircd to report arrivals at their houses, and vessels were forbidden entering the North AVest Arm witnout license. One thousand militiamen were ordered for the defence of the town. The constant arrival of loyalist refugees from the revolted colonies, during this and the siibseciuent yenrn, rendered provisions scarce, and ill addition to these troubles, the small-[)ox broke out in the town about the middle of .Inly. The King's troops had all been 'e!uove(( from Nova Scotia to the revolted provinces, and the Sovei'jiol' was iii(<»iiue(| by the home authorities that no troops could be spared, iiud that the iiiliabitants themselves must defend tlie t»»wii. 'i'he town gllMl'il wtis accordingly again composed of niilitia. 1 77."). till' llftll neliefill Assembly held lliis year \\h Hpv»!|ii|i session from 12th .iune to 2(»tli July. Mr. Nesbitt Avas Speaker. Chief .lustice Helclief presHei) at tllP fjmirtp|' Ht-'9H|nj)S j||}s Mtll)l>|l|f'^ and gave a very loyal address to tile Alagistratus Itlld imliltc! functionaries [)resent ; all Alagistrates and town oflicers took the Oath of Allegiance. The general feeling throughout the town appeai'cd to have been eminently loyal ; some of the leading citizens, however, though linn in their allegianci! jo \\\v. Miitish Crown, yq|; thought that self govcrnnuiit in the Co|oll|eM Ih |lsci|| |!)iiljerM wt|3 the conect policy. 'I'nis threw several under suspicion; Mr. Joliii l'"i]lis, Mr. Malaclii Salter and ^y. Smitft, w||m were natives of IJoston, were among the number. Mr. Kegge, the ( Jovernor, proposeil to ralHp i\ Vf^itueiit in Halifax, to be commanded by himself, but was unsuccessful owing to ills un[)opularity. 7G y^in'ti Sroliii IfisliH'i'i'dl Snrlt^lif. In tlu' uutiiiiin of till' [nvvioiis year, si dilliciilly liail ariseii regarding' the importation of soiul' tea, in wliicli Mr. Smith and Mr. Fillis were eoncerned ; and it havinij; Iteen understood timt Fillis had said the measnr< ui" (iovernment Avere oj»i)ressive, tiiese two .uentlemen were "idered to Ite removed from jdl olliees under (irovernmenl . 't 'i ear previous a (piantify of hay lieh)nyinrovinee, there Icino; tlien no Connty Sheriffs at this time. ITenry NeAvton was Collector of ('nstoms at Halifax, .lames linrrows. Comptroller, [iCwis Piers, (Jaiiu'er of Liqnoi-s, etc. 'I'he Afasjisti'ales of the town were .lohn (-rei_i>hton, .lohn Hn'*- bidenjnmin (ireen,.Iohn CnnninjLiham, (Jeorj'O Cotnam, .Foiin Newton. Winkworth 'r(inf Ciiief .Instice IJelciiei' (tccni'red this year. Mr. Morris, one of the asnistant jud^iv's, was ap])ointed to lill the ollice of ('hief .Instice until another shonld be api»(>iiited. 1777. The jail a1 Halifax was al this time in a very insecure cojidition. Criminals were continually escapinuL from it, several of whom had been found !;ii Hosterman, Thomas StevtMis and 1 i t' Kdnnind I^hclan appear ;.s Coshii issioners of the Poor, .lohn N\ Oodin, Keeper of llio 1 ooi' \ Halifax. ouse and Thomas lb-own, Schoolmaster ;ii H 1 Xoi'd St'otio Ilistoi'i'.'al Snrlt't>i. On tlie i.'Uli .Inly, 177".>, tlic Kcvonf;;!', privsileer, C'jipt. Slu>p|);\nl of Halifax, was taken and di'Stroyinl l»y two Aniorican armed vessels. Jn I)c('end)er followinjui;, II. M. Sloop-of-War Xorth and the armed sloop St. Helena, in eominu' into the haihonr from Spanish Hiver, Cape IJreton, the ni<>ht lK'inrished. 17S(), This year the foliowlnu" Ui'ntlemen were in tlie Conniiission of the Peace at Halifax: William Xesl»it1. Winkworth Tonii'e. ►lohn Uni'hidu'e, lienjamiii (lre(>n, .lolin ('innnn;ham, Thomas Proctor, 'I'homas Hrici^e, (Jeorui' \V. Slii'rlnck and ,Iohn (Jeoro'e Pyke. A pnitlic slan*rliter house was erected (his year in the town and John Woodin. senior, made keeijer. Mai-ch 12th, 1780. John O'Brien advertizes as keejier <^>f the lavei'n known as the (iolden IJall, formerly kej)t hy Edward Plielan. The fiold(>u IJall Avas situate* at the corner '>f Hollis and Sackvilh; Streets, opposite the ltuildinied hy W, Harrington. The hotel called the Pontac, at the corner of Duke and Water Streets (now 1Jou'(M" Ciniinnuham's corner) was at this time kept I»y one Willis. It was here the Town Assenil'lies, Pii!>lie IJalls and Kntertainments were held. The Court House stood at the north-east corner of Huekinaham and Arod, sold. On the lath .hmnary. this year, the town was illuminated and thei-e were great rejoicings througluuit the day for the success of the British troops in Gi-orgia. The (Jovern»»r being informed from England that a large arma- iftont was fitting out at Bivst. it was res(»lved in Council that the town militia should he called out for duty and a i)ortion of the country militia got ready to maich to Halifax if retpiired. (leneral McLean, then in command of the Carrison. was directi'd to put the Ifistori/ fif Jftilifti.r Cifil, 7!» forliliciitioiis in working ordoi'. 'V\\v Ilsilil'nx militia was oni|)lf)VO' established between Halifax and Knu'land. Sevei-al privateei's, (hirin«2; this and the foliowinji' years, were fitted out at Halifax to cruise in American waters. The Keven<>e, (.'a|)t. James (Jandy, and the Liverpool, ( apt. Youn*;, the former niouutinj.'; .'JO and the latter S ijuns, sailed for Halifax early this si)rinti. They were accompanied by the Halifax. Holiert K. Foster, master, owned and litted out by Alexander Urynier. oui' of the principal merchants of the town. The iNth .lauuarv beinu' the ()ueen's birthdav the citl/ens and militia had a Uall at Willis' rooms in the Pontac. In .May, the Hevenue brftuuht in a richly laden Suoav, bound from Cadi/ to C'lu'sapeake Hay. The I'dond Friuate and an armed sloop liotli brouuht in American prizes. For several years two lar town contliuied to Ito iiift'stod witli Vwhh (Janl;iin('(l to tlio (lovcM'iior nnd Council. St'vernI riots on the wluirvcH havin>j; oconrrcd in consccinoneo of tlio prosH, procltnnation was issnod (UMn()li»hin was to lu' raised by lottery. This lottery wns carried into elfeet, but the buildinji does not tippear to have 'leen erecteiri from this proceeding'. It was 'shed in the old building at the corner of Harrington and ' ie Streets, from which it has only lately l»een removed to the J residence of the Kev. Doctor (lili)in, the Head Master. This ltnildin>j; was oriyinally occupied as a phn-e for the meetin<>; of the Leyislalnre, and was previously at one tim<' use; in the city, except St. Paul's Church, and the old Dutch Church on IJruuswick Street. The Kev. AVilliam Cochran, afterwards Vice- President of King's Colle<>e, was the first head master. He was sncceeded by the Kev. CJeorge Wrioht, who was Garrison Chaplain and minister of St. Georoe's. On his death, in 1811), the Rev. John Thomas Twining received the appointment. He retired frf)m the school in 1848, when the Rev. Edwin Gilpin, succeeded him. Ilislnrfl of /fdJl'fil.V Clfif. M niAITKH V. At flio ('(HiniK'iK'omont of tin- yi'sir ITMl iiiiiny <»!' tin- Loviilist i('fnistrate. On the tith .January an armed party of sailors and marines assisted by soldiers and conunanded by mival ollicers, seized in the streets of the town, some of the inhabitants and several coasters belon<>ing to Lunenbur*;, who had come up in their vessels to sell their i)roduce ; l»onnd their hands behind their backs, carried them throuiih the sti'eets and lode to the Sessions, who recpiested the (Jovernor, Sir Richard Hughes, to interfere. The Governor issued his piochunation declaring all such impressments, without the sanction of the civil authority, to be illegal and an outrageous breach of the civil law, and calling upon all magistrates, etc., to resist such proceedings and to bring the offenders to justice. It does not appear, however, that the prochunation was sutlicient to procure the release of the unfortunate coasters. The names of the (hand .Jury on this occasion were AVilliam Meaney, William (Jraham, Robert Kitts, Peter jMcNab, .lohn IJoyd, William Mott, AVilliam Millett, junior, .lohn 3I()ore, William Carter, .lames Creighton, .John Cleary, Richard .Jacobs and Charles Hill. On the VM\\ .lanuary, this year, died INIalachi vSalter, Esq., aged 0') years. He was one of the first members of iVssembly for the town. His colleague in the rei)resentation Avas .Joseph Fairbanks. Mr. Salter came from IJoston to Halifax, very soon after the town i' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k A {./ ^ ,.V ^ 4^ ^"^|U|i6 I FhotogFaphic .Sciences Corpcaiation 23 WIST MAIN STMIT WnSTm,N.Y. 14SM ( 71* ) •73-4503 H-> Xoca iSco'id Ilislorir'il Stx-icl;/, Avus coiumcnoed, and carried on liuslnoss as nu'i'diant. He is said to have visited Clielmcto llarltoiir wiiile en^asied in llie lisliery, several years before the arrival of Cornwallis in 1741>. The old buildino- at the corner of Salter and Harrington Streets, formerly the residence of the late Hon. AVilliani Lawson. afterwards owned by John P^sson, was originally built by Mr. Salter, and was his residence for many years. This is one of the oldest houses now remaining in Halifax. It received imi)rovemeuts, and was enlarged by >"Mr. Lawson, about GO vears ago. The School Lottery, before mentioned, Avas carried on this j-ear. It was divided into two classes. The first to consist of r)00() tickets, at 20s. each, Avas advertised on the 2r)th Septend)ei'. The hlgliesl prize Avas $2000. The prizes in all came to £4,2r)0, leaving a balance of £~i'>() for the purposes of the school. The most exciting occurence of the vear Avas the arrival of the Charleston Frigate, the sloop Vulture, and the armed ship Vulcan, in July, after a sharp conflict Avith a French Squadron. The Charleston had left the harbour a short time before in convoy of some transports, and Avhile out had taken several i)rizes, Avhich had been sent in a fcAV days previously. On the U)tli July, the Charleston discovered near Spanish River, Cape Breton, tAvo French Frigates, of 40 guns each. Captain Francis Evans, of the Charleston, having throAvn out signals for the transports to make for a port, bore doA\n upon the enemy. The Little Jack, convo^'to the (Quebec fleet, being in company, supported the Charleston and the Vulture. Some time after the action began, Capt. Kvans being killed by a cannon shot, Lt. McKay, the succeeding oflicer of the Charleston, under the direction of Capt Dennis (ieorge,* of the Vulture, continued the action Avith the greatest coolness and bravery. Nor was the Vulcan, armed ship, in the least deficient in giving signal proof of the resolute determination of the troops on board, under command of Capt. KAvatt, of the 70th Hegiment. IJut notwith- standing the superiority of the French, after an obstinate resistance they were enabled to sheer off and bear aAvay, and Capt. (Jeorge conducted his much-shattered little scpuulron into Halifax Harbour. ' AfterwanlK Sir Dennis George, Baronet. He was father of the lato Sir Rupert D, GeorKC. Scerotary of the rrovinec for many years, and of Sir Samuel Hood (Joory;e, Avho was for a short time member of Assembly for the County of Halifax. Capt. UeorKo unvrried Miss Cochran, of Halifax. Hi fit n I'D of Jill I ifi IX Citi/. 83 The Little Jack stuck to one of tlie French Frigates of 42 guns, but was afterwards recaptured. Ou the .'ilst, the remains of Captain Fvans, Avere interred with military honors, under St. Paul's Church, where his monument is still to he seen on the east side of the chancel. He was a young man of great promise, and his premature death was a loss to tlie service, and shed a gloom over the town, in which he had made many friends. This year (1781), Lord Charles Montague, who had been (Governor of one of the West India Islands, arrived at Halifax, with 200 of his disbanded corps from Jamaica. This nobleman died at Halifax, from the effects of fatigue, in travelling over land from Quebec to Halifax, in winter. He was buried under St. Paul's Church, where a monument to his memory is to be seen near that of Capt. Evans. He was a younger son of Robert, Duke of Manchester. 1782. The continual intercourse at this time carried on with the revolted colonies, rendered it necessary that a more strict system of inspection should be adopted with respect to vessels and passengers entering and leaving the port ; accordingly Capt. Thomas Beamish was appointed Port Warden. His duty was to gran^ passes to all vessels and boats leaving, and to visit all Ihose entering the harbour. No vessel or boat was allowed to pass George's Island, in the night time, or leave the harbour without sending a boat to the island, and also producing a pass from the Port AVarden ; and all vessels coming iu were to be hailed from the island, and ordered to send their boat on shore to the Market Slip, or public lauding, to be examined by the Port Warden before landing in any other part of the town. The Port Warden's otHce was in the old building which formerly stood at the corner now known as Laidlaw's Corner ou Water Street, just above the Steamboat Wharf. At this time the water came up as far as the spot on the wharf, where Bauld and Gibson's store or shop now stands. The Governor, Sir Andrew Snape Hannnond, went to England this year, and was succeeded by (iovernor Parr. He received a very flatteriup- address from the inhabitants of the town. Ham- mond was esteemed a good Governor, and had gained the good will of the people by his courteous manners and desire to meet, as far as possible, the wishes of the inhabitants in all municipal matters. d4 Xocti tSfotia Hhtori'cdl iSocii'f'/. This summer 57 transports with troops, and the Renown, a Hftj' gun ship, put into Halifax on their way to New York and Canada. In October the Renown sent in a prize laden with a rich cargo of silks, etc. The annual ships Adamant and St. Lawrence made their trips this season in 35 days. Among the occurences this year was the conviction and sentence of a man named William McLean, for street robbery, and the murder of a Mrs. Ann Dunbrack in .luly, by persons unknown. The grand Jury recommended McLean to mercy, but the Governor and Council saw no reason to grant a reprieve, and he was executed. Street robberies were at the time of frequent occur- ence in the town. Articles of peace between Great Britain and the United States of America were signed in November of this year, and with France in January following. The principal public amusements in the town during the year were subscription assemblies, held at the Pontac, and at Mrs. Sutherland's Coffee House, every fortnight. The latter establish- ment was in Bedford Row, opposite the Commissary 'Offices. The national societies dined to'gether, and levees were :.v^ nd parties given at Government House on all public holidays, xne Garrison consisted of the 70th, 82nd and 84th Regiments, with Baron de Seitz's* Germans. Night riots were frequent, and continual complaints appear to have been made before the Sessions, of signs being removed from shops, and windows broken. The views of the town and suburbs at this time show the fortifi- cations at Citadel Hill, Fort Needham and Point Pleasant. They were supposed to have been taken by one Colonel Hicks, and were engraved and published in London. These views were mere outlines. Copies of them are to be seen at the Provincial Museum, where there are also a series of views, very neatly executed in copper plate, of the Government House, St. Paul's Church and other parts of the town. These latter were published about 1776, some six or seven years before those of Colonel Hicks. * Baron de Seitz died at Halifax in the following year. He was buried under St. Paul's Church with military honors, with his full uniform, sword and spurs, according to the ancient custom in Germany when the last Baron of the race dies. His monu- ment, a quaint old German performance, may be seen In the east gallery of .St. Paul's, with his armorial bearings, etc. Among his effects advertized for sale was his dia- mond ring and coach with 3 horses. Histnri/ of Halifax City. 85 Governor Parr aud family eaine out in tlie ship St. Lawrence, and assumed the government in October. Benjamin Green, Esq., son of tlie Hon. B. Green, one of the first members of Council, was elected member of Assembly for the town in February, without opposition. Mr. William Shaw was at the time Sheriff of the County. In December, 1782, a large quantity of heavy ordnance was brought to Halifax from Charleston, South Carolina ; also 500 refugees, men, women and children, arrived about the same date. In August, 1783, a number of Negro refugees arrived from New York. It was resolved that they should be settled in ditTerent parts of the Province ; however, not a few remained in Halifax, and became servants and labourers. The Loyalists continued to come from the old Colonies, many of them in a destitute and uelpless condition, until tlie population of the town was increased to three times its former number, and much temporary suffering in consequence prevailed. Yet many intelli- gent and enterprising settlers were at tliis period added to our population, giving new life and spirit to the town. Many spacious and commodious buildings began to be erected, taking the place of the low gamble-roofed and picketed buildings of an early day. It is very remarkable, however, that in the year 1791, only seven years after this great influx, the population had again so decreased as scarcely to exceed 5,000. In 1783, Governor Parr estimated the population at only 1,200. This was before the Loyalist emigration from New York. In 1781, one hundred and ninety-four Negro men, women and children arrived in Halifax from St. Augustin's, in a destitute condition ; they did not remain in the town, but were distributed by the Government throughout the interior parts of the Province. • Governor Parr in his letter to England of November 20th, 1783, says, "upwards of 25,000 Loyalists have already arrived in the Province, most of whom, with the exception of those who went to Shelburne, came to Halifax before thev became distributed throughout the Province." Again in his letter of 15th January, 1784, he says, "In conse- quence of the final evacuation of New York,* a considerable {\ ■ *New York was flimlly evacuated by the British Troops on the 25th November, 1783. 86 Xova Scotia Historical Society, number of refugee families have come to Halifax, who must bo provided for at the public expense. They are in a most wretched condition, destitute of almost everything — chiefly women and children, all still on board the vessels, and I have not been able to find as yet any i)lace for them, and the cold is setting in very severe.* On the 20th October, 1784, an advertizeraent appeared in a Halifax paper, for sale, " All that land near the entrance of the harbour and opposite to Cornwallis' Island, called Manger's Beach, containing by particular grant f) acres according to the plan attached to the grant." This beach had been formerly occupied for curing fish, and had buildings erected thereon for that purpose.! The Penal Statutes had been repealed in 1783. The Roman Catholics in the town, chiefly emigrants from Ireland, having become numerous, purchased a piece of ground in Barrington Street, where they built a Chapel, which was dedicated to St. Peter. The frame was erected on 19th July, 1784, and many of the inhabitants, both Protestants and Roman Catholics, attended the ceremony. This building stood in from the street, directly opposite the head of Salter Street. It was painted red, with a steeple at the western end. It was removed in or shortly after Bishop Burke's time, on the completion of the new stone church, now St. Marj^'s. The Rev. Mr. Jones was the first officiating priest. The Rev. Edmund Burke, who came from Canada, ofldciated at St. Peter's for many years before he was appointed Bishop. A number of emigrants arrived in Halifax this year from England. Three hundred passengers came in the Sally transport, in a great measure destitute of clothing and provisions. Fresh provisions became very dear, and the merchants of Halifax had flour up to £3 lOs. per cwt. The Governor and Council, in consequence, ordered the admission of provisions from the United States to afford relief to the inhabitants. * Note.— Tradition says that the town was then so crowded by refugees and soldiers, that the cabooses from the transports wore removed from the \ essels, and ranged along Granville Street in rear of Government House, for the accommodation of of the people. t The tower now on Mauger's Beach was not built until about the commencement of the present century. nisfnn/ of IfoJiJa.v City. 87 The House of Assembly was dissolved this year ; it had sat fourteen years without being dissolved, in consequence of the American troubles. The only alteration in the Halifax representa- tion was the return of Capt. William Abbott for the County. Mr* Francis Green, second son of old Councillor (Jreeu, was again chosen Sheriff of Halifax in 17H4. 1785. January 3rd, IMr. Sampson Salter IJlowers, a barrister from Koston who came among the TiOyalists, was appointed Attorney (Teneral in the place of Mr. (iibbons, who had received the appoint- ment of Chief .Justice for the Island of Cape Breton, then a separate ])rovince. The Orphan house being no longer in use, was ordered to be let on a lease for one vear.* In September, 1785, a number of whalers from Nantucket came to Halifax ; three brigantines and one schooner, with crews and everything necessary for prosecuting the whale fishery, which they proposed to do under the British tlag. Their families were to follow. A short time after they were joined by three brigantines and a sloop from the same place. On the twentieth of October following, the Chief Land Surveyor was directed to make return of such lands as were vacant at Dartmouth to be granted to Samuel Starbuck, Timothy Folger, and others, from Nantucket, to make settlement for the whalers. The Town of DartTnouth had been many years previously laid out in lots which had been granted or appropriated to individuals, some of whom had built houses, and others though then vacant, had been held and sold from time to time by their respective owners. Most of these lots were reported vacant by Mr. ^lorris, the 8urve3'or, and seized upon by the Government, as it is said, without any procaed- ing of escheat, and re-granted to the Quakers from Nantucket, which caused much discontent, and questions of title arose and remained open for many years after. At a Court of Admiralty held on Friday, the 27th August, 1785, for the trial of piracies committed upon the high seas, M. Buckley and Belitham Taylor were tried, committed and sentenced to death for running away with the schooner John Miller of Chedabucto and * The locality of this orphan house is uncertain. 88 Xorn Sent id Ilintnrieul Society. her cargo. Two nieu were also hanged this year for robbery committed to the eastward of Halifax. The death of the Chief .Tustice, Bryan Flnucane, having occurred this year, Judge Isaac Deschamps filled the office until the appoint- ment of Chief Justice Pemberton. Judge Flnucane was buried under St. Paul's Church. His escutcheon is in the gallery. A general election occurred in 1785, when Mr. S. S. Blowers, .John George Pyke, Richard John Uniacke and Michael Wallace were returned for the County, and John Fillis and William Cochran for the town. The whale fishery was the chief sul)ject which engaged the attention of the public during the year. Much advantage was expected to accrue to the commerce of the place from the Quakers from Nantucket having undertaken to settle in Dartmouth. They went on prosperously for a short time, until they found the com- mercial regulations established in Kngland for the Colonies were hostile to their interests, and they eventually removed, some of them, it is said, to Wales and other parts of Great Britain, where they carried on their fishery to more advantage. A petition was presented this autumn to the Governor and Council from a number of merchants, tradesmen and other inhabi- tants, praying for a Charter of Incorporation for the 'J'own. This was the first occasion on which the subject was brought prominently before the public. It was, however, not deemed by the government " expedient or necessary " to comply with the prayer of the petition. The reasons are not given in the Minute of Council, which bears date 17th November, 178.5. The names of the Councillors present were Richard Bulkeley, Henry Newton, Jonathan Binney, Arthur Goold, Alexander Brymer, Thomas Cochran and Charles Morris. The functions of His Majesty's Council at this period of our history embraced all departments of executive authority in the Colony. They were equally supreme in the control of town affairs as those of the province at large. The magistrates, though nominally the executive of the town, never acted in any matter of moment without consulting .he Governor and Council. The existence of a corporate body having the sole control of town affairs would in a great measure deprive them of that supervision which thev no doubt Ilisfo)'!/ nf Iltih'jox Cltff. Ml» deemed, for the interest of the community, should remain in the Governor and Council. 1786. It was customary at this period to celebrate the Royal birth- days and almost all public holidays by a levee at Government House, a review of the troops in garrison on the Common, and occasionally a public ball, either by the Governor at Government House or by the inhabitants of the town at the public assembly room. This custom continued in Halifax until about the year 1844 or 1845, when it was broken through by (Governor Falkland. On the 18th June, 1786, Queen Charlotte's birthday was celebrated in the town by a levee and review, and in the evening by a ball in the old Pontac building. The confectionery on this occasion was very superb. It was prepared by one Siguor Lenzi. The ball commenced at half- past eight, supper was announced by the elevation of a curtain that separated the two rooms. In the. middle of the table there arose an artificial fountain, with the temples of Health and Venus at the top and bottom, all constructed of sugar. The Gazette of the time says, they " did not go home till morning." A regular post communication was opened this summer with Annapolis ; a courier was engaged, who went through once a fortnight with the mail between Halifax and Annapolis. John Howe, who had lately come to Halifax from Boston and had established a newspaper, was at this time postmaster ; he succeeded Mr. Stevens. The following spring (1786) the town was so enveloped in smoke for many days as almost to impede business, caused by a great fire which raged in the woods in the neighbourhood. On 10th October, 1786, arrived His Majesty's Ship Pegasus, commanded by His Royal Highness Prince William Henry. He was received at the King's Slip by Governor Parr and Major General Campbell, then in command of the (Harrison, and conducted to the Government House, which stood in the square now occupied by the Province Building, where he was waited upon by the military and the principal inhabitants. The Pi-ince expressed a desire that all display should be laid aside, but the people illuminated their dwellings, and by 8 o'clock the whole town was lighted and the streets crowded with people. In the Gazette of the 9th February, 1786, appears a resolution and engagement entered into by the merchants and others at a JM) Xitrii Scnfiil ffi.sftn'iriil .Sinu'cfi/. public mi'ctiufi lately lield in Halifax, wherein they pledfjed them- selves neither to Imy nor sell articles imported from the I'nited States, prohibited by the (Joveruor's proclaiuati«)U. The documenl is sijjned by 7.') jiersons. On 2Hth February, a (ierman Society was formed in Halifax, when .lohn W. Schwartz was chosen President, Doctor F. (Isehwint, (pronounced Swint) Vice-President, Godfrey Schwartz Treasurer, Henry ITtboflf Secretary. In 1700 Adolphus Veith was secretary of this Society. On 4th March, the jail was broken open and the prisoners, six in in number, all escaped, of whom live were re-taken. Mr. Green was then Sheriff. Inquiries were instituted, but no information obtained. The delapidated and insecure state of the jail at the time was the subject of public comment. The money collected for Liquor JJcenees in the town, between 3l8t May, 1784, and 31st May, 178o, amounted to £i)lil. Mr. Francis Shipton was Clerk of Licences. Three vessels were fitted out during the summer of 1786 for the whale fishery, — the schooners Parr and Lively, and the ship Romulus. This year the merchants and shipowners formed themselves into a society called the Halifax Marine Association, for the benefit of trade. The following year Nova Scotia was erected into a Bishop's See. The Right Reverend Charles Inglis was appointed Bishop. He arrived from England on 16th October, and made Halifax his residence. On the 3rd July, 1787, the Pegasus, frigate, commanded by Prince William Henry, arrived again at Halifax, lA days from Jamaica. On Friday, at half -past two o'clock, the troops were drawn up in double line from the wharf to Government House. The Prince landed at the slip under a salute from the artillery on the King's Wharf. He was accompanied to Government House by the Governor and Council, where he received an address from the inhabitants. There was a dinner and ball at Government House in the evening, and a brilliant illumination of the town. This month two whalers returned bringing 1,060 barrels oil and 72 cwt. whalebone. It is not mentioned whether these vessels belonged to the Quakers or to some of the merchants of the town. Jlintorii of lUilijox Cittj, 01 On the 24th .lime, the Frcemasous had a graud procession. They walked to St. Paul's Church, where they heard a sermon from the Rev. iNIr. Weeks. The Piince reviewed the troops in garrison on .'tOth July, consisting of the o7th and 87th Regiments, and tlie first Battalion of the 60th Regiment. On the 7th .luly the fleet, consisting of the J^eander, Conunodore Sawyer — Pegasus, Prince William Henry — Ariadne, Capt. Osborne, the Resource, and the Brig Weazel, Commander Hood, fell down to the beach, intending to proceed to Quebec the first fair wind. They sailed on the 14th. The Pegasus, with the Prince, returned to Halifax early in November. He received an address on the 6th, from the House of Assembly then in Session. At two o'clock on that day, the barge of the Pegasus with the Royal Standard tlying, preceded by the Commodore in his barge, with his pendant, and the Captains of the other ships of war in their barges, proceeded slowly in procession from their ships to the King's Wharf, where the party landed under a salute of 21 guns. Tliey were received at the stairs by the Ciovernor, Council and Assembly, and the troops, under (■eneral Ogilvie, being ordered up, they proceeded to Government House, where a number of members of the Legislature were presented to him. They then proceeded through the lines of troops to the (lolden Ball,* where a handsome dinner was prepared, and where the Prince dined with the members of t Assembly and the principal oUicers of Government. He retired at G o'clock, after which a ball was given m the evening at ^larchington's new building in Water Street, adjoining the Ordnance Yard, called the British Coffee House. The Prince entered the ball room a little after 8 o'clock, and at 12 the company were conducted into the supper room. The table was handsomely decorated and contained places for 200 people. The Prince is said to have displayed great aflf ability in conversation on the occasion. An Act was passed this Session authorizing, the sale of the Orphan House, the Court House, the Public Slaughter House, and the Old Jail, and to erect a Jail, and also to erect on the Lower Parade a Public Hall, a Province House of Brick or Stone for the setting of the Legislature and Riblic Offices. The Commissioners ii ' S. W. corner of SackviUc and Hollis Streets. t The HouBe afterwards voted £700 for the coet of the day's entertainmente. 02 Xutv. Scoiiii Il'sloi'icaf Soc>€(f/. ■s, appointed for this purpose wore John Xowton, Richard John Unlackc, .John Goor«ii' Pvke and Mr. Tavlor. Such parts of this Act as have been exocntod wimo afterwards repoali'd by Act of 1707. 1788. An Election for ^Icnibers for the Town took place this winter, which was attended with extraordinary excitement. On the 20th February the poll opened, at tlie Court House, in Halifax ; the candidates were Mr. Charles Morris and Jonathan Sterns. It closed on tlie Friday following, when it stood: Morris, 415; Sterns, 274. Majority for Morris, 141. Mr. Morris was carried through the Town and tlien taken home to liis father's house. Hand-bills had been posted up reflecting on the government. Serious riots at the election occuned and many persons were inirt, some of whom received fractures of tlic skull and other severe injuries. Armed persons paraded the Town assaulting individuals. As this was a very remarkable election, and resulted in more turbulence and riot than had ever before occurred in the town on such occasions, we here copy the following extract from Antliony Henry's GazettP. of L'uth February: — "The unwearied and spirited exertions of a num- '' ber of respectable gentlemen in a great measure calmed the minds ''of the people, and prevented their violence being carried to any "very great length; nevertheless it was utterly impossible, in such "confusion, to prevent many persons from being wounded and '•hurt, two of whom, we arc sorry to inform the public, remain "in a dangerous state; one having his skull fractured by some "persons who rushed out of Laycock's house on the beach, and "the other having been dangerouslv wounded bv a shot from a "window in the same house. We are likewise sorry to inform " the public, that Mr. Benjamin Mulberry Holmes and his son, ' ' have been much beaten and abused by the populace on Friday " night, and were it not for the very fortunate and timcl}' inter- " position of Mr. Tobin's man and some others, it is probable " they would have fallen a sacriflce to an enraged multitude." The excitement had been caused partly by certain proceedings on the part of the judges of the Supreme Court against Mr. Sterns and Mr. Taylor, two practising lawj^ers in the town, whose names had been struck off the roll by Chief Justice Deschamps. One of the gentlemen, Mr. Sterns, was the defeated candidate at the election. On the 3rd June, Bishop Inglis held his primary visitation of his Uhtni')/ of ITiiUfux Cit>i. 98 C'lorgy, when he doUvorcd a charjio, loeoivcd nn lultlrcbs. and held a ponlh-matioii in the afternoon at St. PanlV, when one hundred and twenty younp; persons Avent thioup;h the eereniony of eonlirnuition. A heavy rain-ntorni oeenrred on Sjiturday, .')th July, whon the streets of the town were very mueh injured l\v the torrents of water which poured down the hills. It was estimated that the rainfall was upwards of IHG tons of water to an acre, which, allowin<; the rain t<> have fallen equally on the whole peninsula, would make the fall of water on that small space equal to ;• ]'),(»()() tons, in four hours. .Inly oO. Arrived five sail of whalers, having- on Itoard the follow- nifj; valuable earj^oes : Sloop " Watson," Danl. Ray, Master, 150 bl)ls. sperm. 50 do. headmatter. Brigt. " Lueretia," J. Coflin, Master, 250 bbls sperm, JJOO bbls. blaek oil, and 3000 cut bone. Brigt. "Somerset," S. Gardner, Master, 230 bbls. sperm. Brigt. "Sally," P. Worth, Master, 200 bbls. do. Brigt. "Industry," W. Chadwick, Master, 8-i bbls do. 2G bbls. headmatter, and 300 do. black oil, also 0000 cut bone. The " Andromeda," frigate, commanded by Prince William Henry, from England, arrived on 17th August, 1788 ; he was again received with the usual honours and the town was illuminated. The Prince attended a sham-fight on the Common, on 10th September, in which, the 4th, 37th, and 57th Regiments took part. Three soldiers were wounded by bursting of their muskets during the performance. On 21st October, the new Chief Justice Jeremiah Pemberton, took, the oaths and his seat on tiie bench, and his patent was then read in open Court, Wednesday, Oct. 22nd, was launched at the south end of the town, a handsome brig, the property of ^Messrs. Gouge & Pryor; she was the first vessel of the size ever built in the town. The following gontlomen composed the Magisfrncy of the town this year, viz: — Benj. Groen, John Cunningham, ,Iohn Newton, Charles Morris, George Smith, William Sherlock, John George Pyke, Thos. Cochran, Anthony Stewart,* W. Taylor, Stephen N. Binney, J. M. *Anlhony Stewart wua a;,'entlcniaii fruni the province of Mnrylaiul;he was the fat her of (ho lato Jndi?c .lanios .Stewart, who married a sister of the late Chief Justiie Sir \i. HalibiirtoH and who died iu 183i>, und was succecUcd on the tiupromc Court licuch by U. J. Uniuckc, junior. 94 iVovrt Scotia Htstorlcal Society. F. nulkeley, Rovd. Michael Houseal, Jamos Gautior, William Morris, Charles Morris, junior, Daniel Wood, junior ; Matthew Cahill was High Sheriff. It appears that the rank of Esquire was not applied to any person, at this or any previous period, except Magistrates and high public functionaries, and persons to whom it was accorded in consequence of their personal wealth and rank in society. Being a member of the House of Assembly did not confer the title. There was then no regular ])olice establishment in the town, the 3Iagistrates, by turns, attended to police duties Avith the aid of the town constables, who were annually appointed. All special matters were discussed and settled at the special sessions, Avhich was generally a private meeting of Magistrates in the back office in conjunction with the Clerk of the Peace. Criminal charges of a delicate nature, or when private character was likely to be affected, were usually investigated with closed doors, and no information made public until found to be necessary for the ends of justice. This system continued until Mr. John George Pyke received the appointment of Police Magistrate, about GO years since. His duties were merely to relieve the Magistrates from the more onerous duties* of attending daily at the Police office. Colonel Pyke became incapacitated by age about the year 1825 or 6, when Mr. John Liddell was appointed, who had to his aid three or four Police Con- stables, two of whom had attended his predecessor, and the valuable assistance of David Shaw Clarke, the clerk of the peace. Such was the arrangement until the Act of Incorporation in 1848. The ''Royal Gazette" was published ]>y Anthony Henry, until about 1801, when it fell into the hands of 3Ir. John Howe, from Boston. The " Weekly Chronicle," another paper, was at this time estal)- lished by Mr. William Minns, stationer, in Barrington Street, opposite the north-end of the Grand Parade. It was commenced in 1787, and continued to exist until about 1828 or 0. Among the merchants who advertized in these papers we find the names of James Vetch, opposite the woodyard; David Hall & Co., in HoUis Street, opposite Government House, (Crown Prince Build- ing) ; and George Bell, Granville St. The shops appear to have contained both groceries and dry-goods, like the country stores of History of Huliftix City. 95 the present day. A. & R. Leslie were at the corner of Dnke and Water Streets, near the Pontac. Lawrence Ilartshorne, Hardware, corner of Granville and George streets, between the market house and the parade. This old corner, so many years known as Hartshorne & Boo;gs' corner, had a gun at the corner of the platform which extended down the hill to the lower corner, occupied by one Hart, a Jew, afterwards known as Martin Gay Black's, and now occupied by the new building of the iMerchant's Bank ; this walk was the resort of the merchants in the morning, and the fashionable and idle in the afternoons. 1789. On the night of Friday, the 23rd January, Cochran's buildings, a range of three-storey buildings iu the market square, Avere totally consumed by lire. Firewards were John Fillis, J. G. Pyke, R. J. Uniacke, Michael Wallace, Geo. Bell, Lawrence Hartshorne, William Lawlor, Charles Hill. On 9th February, an advertisement appeared in the "Gazette," as follows: "I am directed by His Excellency the Governor, to " acquaint the several gentlemen called upon on Friday last to form " a Fire Company, that he desires their attendance at the ' Golden " Ball" on Thursday next, at twelve o'clock, to agree to rules and "regulations. (Signed) Jas. Gautier." On loth August, the jail was broken open, and a prisoner for debt, one Livesay, who had been imprisoned at the suit of William Stairs, escaped, for which Sheriff Green was prosecuted ; Green stated that he had repeatedly represented to the Council the insecure state of the jail. Mr. James Clarke succeeded Mr. Green as Sheriff of Halifax, this year. The Dockyard at this period was in full operation. The Commissioner in charge was the Honorable Henry Duncan, who was also a member of His Majesty's Council. Doctor John Haliburton, father of the late Chief Justice Sir Brenton Haliburton, was Surgeon of the Naval Hospital, Mr. Provo Wallis was Master Superintendent, Elias Marshall, foreman oTshlpwrights, William Lee foreman of carpenters, Alexander Anderson and Provo F. Wallie, Chief Clerks. A great scarcity of bread was felt iu the town this summer. Vessels sent to Canada for wheat, returned empty. On the 9th July, the Goveroov received a letter from the Governor of Canada, stating ,#' 9G Nova Scotia Historical Society. the great scarcity of provisions in the F*i'ovince of Lower Canada or Quebec, that a famine was dreaded, and requesting him not to obstruct the exportation of corn and flour from Halifax to Quebec. But the Justices of the Quarter Sessions presented a memorial which had been laid before them by the bakers of Halifax, setting forth that there is not more of flour in the town than sutticient to provide bread for three or four days, whereupon it was ordered by the Council that no vessel be permitted to clear out with bread or flour to Quebec, except the brigantine " Ceres," until further consider- ation. There were amateur theatrical performances this winter at the Pontac. It would appear that the old theatre in Argyle Street, in the recollection possibly of some of the oldest inhabitants, was in operation this year. We find plays advertized to take place there in February and March. This building stood on the spot on which the present Acadian School was afterwards erected. It was the only theatre in the town during the time of the Duke of Kent. It was afterwards occupied by Walter Bromley as a public school upon the Lancaster plan, until removed to make way for the present building, in the year 181 G. The first Agricultural Society was formed in Halifax in the year 1789; the Hon. Richard Bulkeley was the first president, and Mr. James Clarke,* (afterwards Sheriff Clarke,) was the first secretary. The old Block House on the Citadel Hill being in a ruinous con- dition, was taken down this year, but the flag and signal staffs which were on it, were preserved. June 1, 1789. The old gaol and garden were offered for sale .at auction. This old building was in Hollis Street, nearly opposite the present Halifax Hotel, and was formerly the property of the late Mr. Robert M. Brown. On the IGth June, in comformity with the Act of the Legislature formerly passed, the Governor was pleased to nominate Hon. Henry Newton, Hon. Thos. Cochran, James Brenton, John Newton and R. J. Uniacke, Trustees of a Grammar School forthwith to be erected in the town. "These gentlemen chose 3Ir. A\'"illiam Cochran, of " Trinity College, Dublin, and lately Professor of the Greek and Sheriff Clarko wasfath^-r of the late David Shaw Clarke, for many years Clcrlt of tue Peace, and one of the Police Magistrates of the town. Hislortj of ffalifax CU>j. 07 ••Latin languages in Columbia College, New York, to be master. •' Mr. George Gleuuie, who was regularly educated iu the Uuiversity " of Aberdeen, to be usher, and Mr. Thomas Brown, already well "known iu this town, to be teacher of writing, arithmetic and " mathematics. It is thought proper to give this early notification " to the public, but until a suitable building can be provided, the • ' school will be opened without delay in the room where the " Assembly of the Province meets." The Legislature after this met in the building known as Cochran's building, which was erected at the Market Square after the fire before mentioned, and the old building appropriated permanently for the Grammar school, which remained so until lately, when the school was removed to the private residence of Mr. Gilpin, the head master, and the old building sold. The following advertizement appeared in the '• Koyal Gazette:" " Information for Masters of Vessels. The Block House on Citadel "Hill, which was a conspicuous object, is removed, having been in " a ruinous condition. The Hag and signal staffs remain." " The " hulk of the large ship, sometime since stranded at the back of " Thrum Cap, was beaten to pieces in the last gale." On the 15th October, Charles Hill advertized for sale at auction, the ground where the Court House stood, now known as Northup's Corner; measuring on Buckingham Streei, Di feet, and on Argyle Street 43 feet. On the 17th July previous, the old Court House, and the building adjoining, knoAvn as Kirby's soap-house, and other buildings, were destroyed by fire. 1790. In the month of July, this year, the whaling fleet arrived, after a successful voyage. The brig Prince William Hejiry, Capt. Pinkham, with 110 barrels of sperm oil; brig "Hibernian," Capt. Worth, 100 barrels sperm and 32 black oil; ship " Parr," Capt. Chase, 480 sperm and 100 black oil, and brig " Harvest," Capt. Kelly, with 200 sperm. In August following arrived the "Romulus," with 170 bbls. sperm oil. Among the chief merchants of the town at this time were Wil- liam Forsyth, Philip Mavchington,* Brymer &, Belcher, Hardware 1 4 Mr, Marchington was a Loyalist from New York. He conimonced business in Halifax soon after his arrival, and accunnilatcd a large landed property in the town. He owned all the land on the north side of the lane known by his name, leading from the ordnance into Argylo Street, since called Bell's Lane, also the whtirf adjoining the 08 Nitt'a ScofJo Ilisforiod Society. merchauts, successors to Thomas Robie ; Michael Wallace, retail store-keeper; James Moody, Hollis Street; Sabatier, Stewart & Co., Chas. Geddes, dry goods, lower side of the Parade ; Richard Kid- ston, general merchandize ; George Deblois, William Millet, Charles Hill, Hugh Kelley, all auctioneers. John W. Schwartz kept store at the corner of Granville and Buckingham Streets ; Lawrence Hartshorne, at his corner, had a general assortment of cutlery, etc., D. Hall & Co., in Hollis Street, opposite Government House; Ann Bremner kept a dry goods shop at the north-west corner of the par- ade ; Peter Lynch kept a hat store at the sign of the "King's Arms ;" C. C. Hall & Co. was the chief dry goods store in the town ; Benja- min Salter, Ship Chandlery, Water St. ; John Fillis & Son and G. «fc J. Thii'lock were among the wholesale dealers ; Linnard & Young were the fashionable tailors ; Richard Courtney had a shop at the lower side of the parade, William Sellon in Granville Street, King & Story in Marchington's buildings, John Butler Dight, wholesale store in Marchington's buildings ; C. C. Hall & Co. had this year removed to Marchington building ; Winkworth Allen, general dealer, in Cochran's new building. Mr. Wm. Millet the auctioneer, on the 9th Sept. advertized for sale, " a negro man and sundry " other articles." In the following year, James Forman & Co. occu- pied a store on Copeland's wharf, also Benjamin Salter. The British Coffee house Avas kept by John Gallagher at the head of Marchington's wharf. Mrs. Sutherland's coffee house, was at this time, one of the chief places of resort for Public Committees and Societies, as well as for Public entertainments ; concerts were held here throughout the winter, commencing in September. The Halifax Marine Society, which had been established in Halifax for several years, held their quarterly meetings at this house. There was a house of entertainment then kept on McNab's Island by one Mary Roubalet, for tea parties in the summer. It Avas called the Mansion House. On the 12th day of January, 1790, James Clarke and George Geddes, Church Wardens of St. Paul's, advertized that in conse- quence of the inclemency of the weather on Sunday there was so small an attendance in church, that the contributions towards the Ordnance yard, Iohk known as Marchington's wharf, afterwards the property of Tim. Oonnors. He died at Halifax ; he was the grandfather of Major Welsford, killed in the Crimean War, whose monument U to be been in the old English burial ground. JI'Mory of Jloh'/ox Cff>f. '.»:) clothing of the cliiUh'cu hi the Suiulay Schools in the town, were so small, that they desired to invite contributions from the inhabitants for the relief of the orphans and others attending the schools. In February following, the church wardens again advertized the distri- bution of clothing to the poor children of the Sunday Schools : 15 great coats, 64 shirts and shifts, 70 pairs stockings and 35 pairs strong shoes, which cost t'oO. 7s. 2d. The St. Paul's school had nineteen boys and sixteen girls in attendance. On the same dav, there was a visitation of the Halifax (Grammar School by the Governor, the Bishop, the Trustees and others. The attendance cluring the winter was usually about 60. The school was addressed on this occasion, by one of the elder boys, and after the examinations in the Latin classes, writing and arithmetic, several scholars repeated pieces and dialogues. Mr. Cochran was the head- master ; he shortly afterwards accepted the charge of the Academy at Windsor ; and the Rev. George Wright was appointed in his place. His salary was £150 per annum from the Legislature, with what he could get from the pupils. The number of scholars was 68. He states his loss in the shape of discount on his Treasury warrants amounted to from 15 to 20 per cent, in consequence of the delay in payment. The winter was very severe ; The harbour was frozen over, and the destitute condition of the poor very great. The gentlemen amateurs of the theatre, sent £'2b to the Rev. Mr. Weeks, of St. Paul's, Dr. Andrew Brown, of the Presbyterian meeting house, and Mr. Houseal of St. George's iu Dutchtown, for the poor of their respective parishes. The overseers of the poor, Jonathan Tremain, .lames Gautier, .lames Kcrby and Andrew Belcher, met at the " Golden Ball," to assess the inhabitants of the town for the poor rates. The Court House having been destroyed by (ire, the (Quarter Sessions held their sittings on the 10th February, iu the long room of the "Golden Ball," for the trial of oft'enders. The '^ Golden Ball" was kept by Edward Phelan this winter, who occupied the north end of the building as a store for general merchandise. An Act of the Legislature had been passed this year, and was published early in May, reciting that the destniction of the Court House by fire, and the inconvenient situation of the present Asscm- 100 Xova Scotia Hhlorkal Socidti. bly House, made it necessary that a more suitable place should be provided, and the state of the Province finances not being such as to admit of the expense of erecting a proper and suitable building, it was therefore enacted, that Commissioners be appointed to treat with Thomas James and William Cochran, for their building opposite Government House, for i'200 per annum, and to expend £100 in furniture for the purposes of the meeting of this Legislature and the Courts of Law. This building lately erected after the fire, stood on the spot now occupied by the new Dominion Public building, and continued to be the place of holding the General Assembly, the Courts of Law, etc., until the Province Building was completed for their reception in 1820. The building in which the Legislature for- merly held its sittings, and which was now appropriated for the Grammar School, was this year repaired at the public expense. In June, the Grand Jury addressed Chief Justice Strange on his arrival from linglaud. The names of the Jury were : — Richard Kidston, foreman, William Millet, Lawrence Hartshorne, Godfrey Schwartz, Winkworth Allen, John Davis, J. Forbes, James Lewis, Benjamin Salter, James Strachan, William Lawlor, Martin Shier, John Boyd and Alexander Copeland. In the autumn, the Secretarv of the Province announced to the people of the town, that in the event of a war Tith Spain, and the Avithdrawal of the troops from the Pi'ovince, it would be necessary to call out the Militia for the defence of the town, and the Colonels of regiments were called upon to hold themselves in readiness, and to make returns of the state and condition of their respective regiments. About this time. Captain Stack was a regular trader between this port and Ireland, and sold his cargoes of beef, salt pork, lard, etc., at auction, at Charles Hill & Co.'s rooms. The Halifax Bar addressed Chief Justice Strange, on his leaving for England on a visit, this autumn. The address was signed by S. S. Blowers, R. J. Uniacke, James Sterns, E. B. Brenton, James Stewart, Daniel Wood, Foster Hutchinson, J. Prout and W. H. 0. Haliburton. At a Court of Quarter Sessions, held at Halifax, in June term of this year, the Sheriff, pursuant to law and by ^irtue of a warrant directed to him by the Justices of the Sessions, to lay out a road Ilision/ of ITallJox Citji. 101 in the north suburbs of the town, reported that he had laid out the road by a jury, in the manner following, viz : — Beginning at the north-east corner or angle of Lot No. 2. on the road leading from the Dockyard to the Naval Hospital ; thence to run north 28 west, 40 feet ; thence north, 59 east, 238 feet, which leaves a road of 40 feet wide, between Allbright's ground and the Hospital fence ; thence north, 28 west, 6(50 feet ; thence north 20 west, 664 feet to the road leading to Fort Needham, leaving the road 50 feet wide between the shore at the Narrows at high-water mark, and the Lots Nos. 3 and 4. This notice was published, that all persons who might think themselves aggrieved by the laying out of the road might have an opportunity of being heard before the sessions, ou Tuesday, the 5th September, 1790. It was signed by Thomas Wood, Clerk of the Peace. This road was intended as a continuation of Water Street north- ward, to meet the road which leads up from the water to Fort Needham, but it does not appear to have been on the line of the present road, but to have gone through the northern end of the Hospital grounds, along the water side, below the site of the old magazines. At the session of the House of Assembly in 1790, several articles of impeachment against the Judges of the Supreme Court, as before mentioned, passed the House, which were laid before the Executive Council by the Governor, on 7th April. It was proposed to sus- pend Chief Justice Deschamps and Judge James Brenton, in conformity with the request of the Assembly. 1791. Governor Parr died on 25th November this year, in the 66th year of his age, and the ninth of his government. He was buried with military honours, under St. Paul's Church, on the 29th of the month. The procession moved from Government House to St. Paul's Church, in the following order : — All the Lodges of the Free- masons, (His Excellency having been the Grand Master,) the 20th regiment as the firing party, the Church Wardens, the Physicians of deceased, the Clergy, the Bishop, the body covered by a pall adorned by eight escutcheons. Pall-bearers, Hon. A. Brymer, Major Boyd, the Commissioner of the Dockyard, the Admiral, the Hon. S. S. Blowers, Hon. Thomas Cochran, Major Rawlinson, the General, the relatives and servants of deceased, particular friends, the Sheriff of t 102 Xoi:n Sirttht ITiHlnricdl SooiPhj, tliP county, raeiTi1)ovs of Council, viz., Morris, IJulkeloy and Newton, Judges ]}rcntou and Hutchinson, the treasurer of the province, the Speaker of the House of Assembly, Custos of the county and Jus- tice Binney, Magistrates of the town, the bar, staff of the army, officers of the navy and armj', ofllcers of militia, gentlemen of the town, and the whole garrison all under arms, lining the streets. Minute guns were tired by the men-of-war in the harbor and by the Royal Artillery, during the procession. The service was performed by the bishop, Dr. Charles Tnglis, and the body was buried under the middle aisle. During the autumn and winter, a number of black people from different parts of the province were brought to Halifax, to bo removed to Sierra Leone. Michael Wallace was agent, who on ath December, advertised for 1000 tons of shipping, for the purpose. Ships '• Venus," " Parr," " Eleanor ;" Brigs "Betsy," "Beaver," "Mary," "Morning Star," " CatheriLO," "P. W. Henry;" Schrs. " Liberty," and "Two Brothers," the whole commanded by Lieut- enant Clarkson, having on board the colored people, all sailed for Sierra Leone on loth J.anuary, 1792. The hire and damages amounted to fiiOC') 8s. Od. sterling. This expense was borne by the Sierra Leone Company. These colored people were chiefly those who came from the old provinces with the Loyalists. They formed a colony in Africa, called the " Nova Scotia colony,"* which still exists, and about 15 years since several old negroes were living who recollected the removal from Halifax, when children. The fleet arrived at their destination after a passage of 40 days. The num- ber embarked was 1139. The day of arrival was 28th March, and the 28th March in every year is still kept up by the adherents of the Lady Huntingdon Congregation at Sierra Leone, as the anniversary of the arrival of then* fathers in the colony. Until these Nova Scotian adherents of Lady Huntingdon's connec- tion could erect a chapel for themselves in their new home, they united with the other coloured congregations of Methodists and Baptists. Mr. Zachary Macaulay, who was at one time Governor of this colony, says : "There were five or six black preachers among the Novu Scotians 'Among these negroes was a coloured preacher, the Rev. John Marrant, wlio had been ordained in London in 1785, as a minister of Lady Huntingdon's connection. He laboured among the people of his own colour while in Nova Scotia, and having accom- panied them tol^iurra Leone, officiated among them there for several years. He returned to England, and died in 1791. JThtorti of TTalitax Clh/. ion '' raised up from tlicir own body, who arc not without a considerable " influence." Among these, Avas John Ellis, who was Superintend- ent of the churches ; he was succeeded by Anthony Elliot, a yoimg Nova Scotian negro ; he acquired several of the native dialects and became an active Christian missionary in Africa. He died in 18.54 at the advanced age of 80. Elliot followed the avocations of a lish- erman and pilot as the means of livelihood, and on the Sundays he preached to the people the Word of Life. The population of the city and suburbs, in 1701, had fallen to 4,81)7. The returns on the census this year, are as follows ;— 11)01 males over 16 years of age. i)35 " under " " 2209 females. 422 black people. The Agricultural Society of Halifax, offered premiums this year, and published a volume on husbandry. A gold medal and 10 guineas was offered for the best essay on the natural history of the Hessian fly, and the method of stopping i^s progress in the wheat crop. A volume of the Society's proceedings, was this year published at Halifax by John Howe. 1702. On the 17th April news arrived of the appointment of Mr. John AVentworth as Governor. He had resided in Halifax for seven or eight years, having held the office of Ranger of woods and forests, and had been Governor of New Hampshire. On 12th May, the "Hussar," frigate, Capt. Rupert Denis George, arrived, having on board Governor Wentworth, etc. He landed at the King's wharf under a salute fired from the parade and a guard of honour from 21st regiment. On the 14th he was sworn into office. In the even- ing the town was brilliantly illuminated. On 17th August a fire broke out in the property oi John Welner, soap-maker in Gramille Street. Six tenements and the Ordnance laboratory were consumed ; "NVelner and his wife, two aged persons, were burnt to death. The sum of £140 was raised by subscription for the sufferers at the fire. The principal sufferers, however, de- clined to receive any aid, and a committee was appointeviiul- luill on Halifax Common. A model of the red light hoUHe at .Shelbnine, and the tract of new road from l*ictou, was delineated in the most ingenious and surprising manner, as was also the rcpre. sentation of our fisheries. To all these inimitable t>rnanient8, corresponding mottoes were attached, so that not only taste and elegance were conspicuous, but encouragement and genius were displayed. Such was the deacriptiou of this affair as it appeared in the newspapers of the day. Cochran's buildings were again on lire, 30th January, 1793, but the Are was extinguished without much damage. War with France was announced by letters from the Secretary of State to the Governor, dated 9th February, 1793. Orders were also received to raise ii provincial regiment. This regiment was to be called the Nova Scotia Fensibles ; they were to be raised in Halifax, but were not to have half pay, and the Commissions were to be giveu to half pay officers. Young Haligonians were thus excluded. It was about the same time decided on embodying a part of the Militia force for the defence of the town. 1050 effective men were accord- ingly marched into the town from the country, who were to receive pay from the British Government while on duty. The Governor published his thanks to the militia on 2nd November, for the alacrity with which they obeyed his orders in marching to Halifax. By the month of May the number of men enlisted for the Nova Scotia regiment, amounted to 100, the enlistments were afterwards in- creased to 600 men. Apprehensions appear to have been entertained of an attack on the town by the French fleet. Every precaution appears to have been taken by Governor "Wentworth for the protection of the Capital. In his letter to the Secretary of State of 23rd July, the Governor says, " In twenty minutes I could put under the command " of General Ogilvie, 900 militia men, and in a few hours a second " battalion of 600, who reside in the neighbourhood of the town." The Halifax Militia Artillery, commanded by Capt. J. Tremain was a most effective body of men. It had been this year formed and consisted of sixty freeholders of the town. The Town Regi- ment of Infantry was commanded by Col. John George Pyke. 550 men of the Town Militia assisted the Garrison in repairing km; Xut:a Scolid Ilisforirnl Snrhfi/. aiul iiiuiiiiling the Itultcrios on Citnclcl Hill nnd eliscwltt'iv. On llic 2ml April, two Frcneli Prizes were 1»ronjj;ht into the hurbour l>y JI. 31. Ship Alligator, with cargoes valued at i"40,OOU. Among the events of the War "was an expetlitiou titled out at Halifax to attack the Island i>f St. Pierre, in Newfoundland. It consisted of the Alligator and Hussar, men-of-war, with a body of troops under (leneral Ogilvic. Hefore leaving, the two ships of war received permissions from the Governor and Council to i)reHs through the town and complete their crews. The place surrendered without lighting, and the Governor, M. Danscvillc, with several hundred prisoners and stores were brought to Halifax. They landed on the 20th of June. Governor Danseville was placed on parole, and resided at Dartmouth for many years in the house known as Brook House, now or lately the residence of the Hon. Michael Tobiu, juur., about a couple of miles or more from Dartmouth town. The old gentleman displayed some taste in beautifying the grounds at Brook House. He built a llsh pond and laid out walks among the beech and white birch groves near the house. The pond still remains, but the walks and most of the trees have long since disappeared. He remained a prisoner with an allowance from Government until the peace of 1814, when he returned to his own country a zealous royalist. Mr. Mizanseau was his aide-de-camp ; he married a farmer's daughter in the South East Passage, and left a family who bear his name iu that neighbourhood. Governor AVentworth proposed to place the French prisoners who had been brought to Halifax from time to time, ou au Island iu the North West Arm, afterwards known as 3Ielvillc Island, but the General preferred the Cornwallis *Barracks. The Island was not the property of the Government at this time, but hired by Governor "Wentworth for this purpose of a prison. It afterwards became Admiralty property. A poll tax existed at this time. It had been imposed by Act of the Legislature in 1791. One shilling per head was imposed on all males above 21 years of age. The law also contained a tax ou cattle, with an extra tax on certain trades and occupations. It was ostensibly for the purpose of reducing the provincial debt. It does not appear, however, to have been regularly collected in the town. Note.— Uncortain ivs to whore the Cornwallis Barracks were situated. llistot'ii of Halifax City. 107 \1\)\. On the lOth Mny, IIIh Hoyal Hi}?lmoHs Piinoi' Kdwnnl tvi'i'ivi'd at Iliilifax in the Hlanchf Frij^ate, twi'lvc days from St. KittH. Iii> landed hnnuMliately nndoi' a Hnlnte of 21 ^unn. A Icvi'c took place on the 11th and an addrens wan pieHented to him conehed in tlie moHt fnlsome and ridieuhaiH lan^na<:;o. On the :? \i\\ tliere was a garrison review nnder tlie connnand of (leneral Oj^ilvie. On tlie 22nd .lannary, the foUowinj? year, he set ont by hind for (Quebec. lie was at Hoston on oth Febrnary, where lie remained 10 days and then embarked for the West Indies. It appears, however, tlnit he was in Halifax on 2')tli February. 17!)4. This year a number of merchants of the town agreed to underwrite policies of insurance on vessels and goods, and appointed Henjamin Salter the broker, who, on the 10th May, advertised attendance every day during ''change " hours at the " Coffee Rooms." The town was again harassed by press gangs from Admiral Murray's ship. The Admiral had persuaded the (lovernor and Council to allow him twenty-four hours power over the inhabitants to man his fleet — though Capt. Home had been previously refused the privilege in .January. In December the Marine Society, which had been established by the merchants of Halifax several years previously, was re-n>odeled and extended in its operations. About this time a project had been formed by Governor Wentworth for uniting the waters of Halifax Harbor with the Bay of Fundy by a canal from the River Shubenacadie, and rendering the river navigable. Suggestions on the subject had been made to Governor Wentworth by persons whom he supposed competent to judge of the feasibility of the project, and was very sanguine of success in the Avork if not interrupted by hostilities. It does not appear, however, that any attempt was made this year towards effecting the object, but three years after (1797) the sum of £250 was voted for a survey of the projected canal. All public lands in the town were this year granted to trustees. A grant of part of the King's Stores for a fishmarket was made, also the Pi'ovince Building ground and the Grand Parade. The old English burial ground opposite the present (Jovernment House on Pleasant Street had been originally set apart, in 1741), as a genera lOH Novn. Scolid Ilififorical iSucicti/. burial place for the inhabitants of the town. It consisted of two acres and a (quarter, but tlie title had not passed out of the Crown. It Avas this year granted to the Church Wardens and ^''estry of vSt. Panl's Parish. The}' have been considered to hold it in trust for the original purpose for which it Avas dedicated. The old poor Jiouse burial ground was also included in this grant. TI e Fj'ench prisoners brought from St. Pierre and iMi<|uelon, who had been lodged in the town with others who had been taken in prizes, were sent, in the month of July, to the Island of (jluernscy. AVe llnd Captain George of the Hussar receiving permission from the Council to till up tlijc complement of his men by impressment. In July following a similar ai)plication frojn Capt. Knowles of the ship Daedalus was refused. vVdmiral IMurray, it appears, obtained another license in September to press through the town for seven days. Commodore (^eorgc informed the (iovernor that intelligence of the state of the defences of the town had been, or was likely to be, communicated by the French prisoners' , through persons from the United States, to the French ambassador at Washington, and suggested an embargo on all vessels },o'ng to the United States for the present until he should receive intelligence from Admiral Murray. The Collector of the Customs at Halifax was accordingly ordered not to clear any vessels to the United States until further orders. The following gentlemen w^re added to the Magistracy of the town: Michael Head, M. I)., George Sherlock, Francis Green, J. M. F. liulkeley, J. B. Dight, John Phillips, M. D., Jonathan Tremaine. James Clarke was SheritT. Among the advertisements which appeared in the newspaper this and the previous year was a notice that sedan chairs would stand for hire in liarrington Street, also at the Court House, for the convenience of the public. The principal merchants and ship owners in the town between 1787 and 17'.)o were Cieo. Bell, Hardware and Glass Store in C^tranville Street, near the town guard, then kept in the old house behind Masons' Hall; Peter Smith, Wines & Groceries; James Veitch, Groceries and General Store, shop opposite the wood yard ; David Hall & Co. Dry Goods Store in Hollis Street, opposite old Government House ; Charles Handesayde, Boot & Shoe Maker in Granville Street ; Alex. History of ILiJifdx Citf/. 100 and Robert Leslie, Dry (Joods Store at the corner of Duke & IloUis Streets, near the Pontac ; Lawrence Ilartshorne, Hardware Store at corner of Granville Street, between the ^larket House and the Parade; Wni. Forsyth & Co., Jniportino' Merchants; Linnard »& Yonno;, Tailors, in JMarchinoton's IJnildinos, Upper AVater Street; (leoroe DelUoise, Cleneral Dealer; .lohn liutlcr Dight, Iniporlino; JNrercharit, and WlnlvAvorlh Allen and the ^lessrs. Cochran. AVilliain jMinns, Stationer, Henj. Salter, Iniportin!>. .lames Romans, Hoot tfc Siioe Maker, corner of Duko & (Jranville Streets ; Wm Dickie, Dry (ioods, Phel)e jNIoody, Drj' (Joods, Matthew Riclnirdson, (ieneral Store, Robert Chrisley, Dry Goods, .I(>hn 3[cMasters, Dry (ioods, Kdwanl King, Livery Stal>le, John Kic Philis, Importing 3Ierchants, Treniain & IJoggs, opposite the fuel yard. Hardware, etc., Tliomas Roby, Merchant, (iranville Street, IJrymer «& llelcher, John (irant, AYm. Forsyth & Co., Jonathan Tremain, jMorchants, James Moody, (irocer}' & (ieneral Store keeper, Hollis Street, Alichael AYallace, AYines, Groceries, etc. C. C. Hall & Co. no Nova Scotia Hiittnrkal Society. appear to have been the leading dry goods shop keepers ; their store was in Marchington's buihlings near the Ordnance. Charles Hill, Auctioneer, James Forbes, Wine, (Jiroceries, etc., Wa^er Street, near Fairbanks' Wharf. Andrew (lallagher kept the British Tavern opposite Marchington's AVharf. Sabatier, Stewart & Co., General Merchants; their firm was dissolved in 1790. AVilliam Millott, Auctioneer, King & Stoe, Shop-keeper, No. 6 Marchington's build- ings, near the British Tavern ; Thomas Russel, shop-keeper, store near the Coffee House ; Alex. Morrison, Bookseller, Thos. Donald- sou, Confectioner, Etter & Tidmarsh, corner of the Parade, British Merchandise, D. Curry & Co., Dry (ioods, James Frame, Cabinet Maker, Jonathan & John Tremain, Hardware, etc., David Rudolph, near the Golden Ball, Dry Goods & Groceries, Richd. Woodroffe, Fui'rier, near the South Barracks. 1795. At the request of Prince Edward, the men of the Militia were employed on the fortifications in the neighborhood of the town during the summer. At this time the French prisoners in the town became very riotous ; they were ordered to be removed to a place of confinement and none to be permitted at large. Several French prizes were brought in during the summer by Capts. Cochran and Beresford, of the Hussar and the Thetis, Sloops-of-War. An armed Snow named the Earl of Moira was kept by the Provincial Government for the protection of the coast. The most stirring event of the year was the arrival of the Hussar and Thetis after a long cruise bringing with them two French ships-of-war which they had captured ; part of the enemy's squadron bound from the West Indies to Virginia. Several Halifax ship masters lost their vessels and were made prisoners by French privateers in 1795. The names of Capts. Jacobs, Lloyd, Ewing and John Pry or appear among them. They suffered much hard usage at Guadaloupe where they were detained. A project for building a bridge across the Narrows was contemplated about this time. A petition was presented to the House of Assembly dated 11th March, 1796, from a number of persons praying for an Act to authorize the building of a bridge across the Narrows. Between January, 1795, and January, 1796, the Halifax markets appear to have been well supplied. The newspapers of the day mention that 786 head of fat cattle, 30 cows and calves, besides sheep and swine had been brought into the town, History of Halifax City. Ill 17i)G. St. George's day was celebrated with much fe^itivity by the English Society. They had a dinner in the evening at which Governor AVentworth and Prince Kdward were present. Among the decorations were sixty variegated lamps, (ienl. Ogilvie and Chief Justice Strange were among the guests. The Prince arrived and departed under a royal salute and, during the dinner, sat under a canopy of white satin and gold lace. During the spring of 171)6 Halifax suffered from a scarcity of provisions. The inhabitants were indebted to Messrs. Ilartshorne and Tremain, whose mills at Dartmouth enabled them, through the summer, to obtain flour at a reduced price and to afford a sufHcieut supply for the fishery. The 4th June, old King George's birthday, was celebrated this year with the usual ceremonies. There was a levee and a review of the troops, and Sir John Wentworth entertained the Prince and a number of the principal inhabitants at a Ball, when the old Govern- ment House was brilliantly illuminated. There was a dinner the same afternoon among the merchants at the British Tavern, March- ington's buildings. St. Patrick's day, this year, was also celebrated by a levee at the Government House and a dinner at Gallagher's hotel. The society sat down to dinner at five o'clock. His Royal Highness Prince Edward, CJovernor Sir John Wentworth, several members of Council, the Speaker and a number of members of the House of Assend)ly attended. The Prince and the Governor retired early, but the society kept up their festivities to a late hour. On July 21st, vessels arrived in the harl)or with five hundred Maroon negroes from Jamaica. The Maroons were the descendants of a number of African slaves, who, when Jamaica was conquered from the Spaniards, took refuge in the Island, They continued in a state of insubordination, but occasionally made treaties with the English. At this time thqy were in open hostility, but had been conquered, and it was arranged that a number of them should be sent as settlers to Canada. They put into Halifax on their way. They were uuder the superintendence of Colonel Quarrell of Jamaica, who ha triumphantly to the Cove and instantly had them conveyed to a comfortable hal)itation. After shaminp, by his example, older perfuons who had iarper boats, ho put off again in his littleskitr, but with all his ell'orts ho could not then approach the wreck. His example, however, was soon followed by the men in thn Tribune's jolly-boat and by some of the boa!s of the Cove, and by their joint exertions the eipht men were preserved, who, witli four that escaped in the jolly-boat make the whole number of survivors of this line ship's company. Some have been disposed to blame Capt Barker as exhibiting too much obstinacy in not abandoning? the ship and preserving his crew, as a violent storm was evidently approaching, but on exauuning the men who have survived we find (thongii other ofhccrs in the sa.'ne situation might have formed a difleront judgment) that the conduo of Capt. Barker was through- out the trying scene completely cool and collected. Though from the manner in which tlio ship had been run ashore, no blame could attach to him, yet he could not reconcile it to liimself to lose so line a ship without making every exertion to save her. Having by the greatest etlbrts con- siderably lightened her, he had reason to suppose she might get off before high water. She made no water while she lay aground, there was therefore great hopes, if she could not that night have been got up the harbour that she might with safety have been brought to anchor and have rode out the gale. When she finally got oft", universal joy was dilfusod throughout the ship— every man thought the ol>ject of their joint efforts was attained — but the rapid manner in which the water poured into her, soon damped their joy and plunged them into despair. Had the shij) been finally saved by the great exertions which were made to effect it, every man would have l)raised Capt Barker, and, notwithstanding those exertions failed, wo think wo may justly say, in the language of Mr. Addison, " 'Tis not in mortals to commtiml succoss Hirkcr did more ; lie did deKorvc it " To his memory therefore and that of his brave fellow-sufferers, the con- miseration of their countrymen is justly duo. From every generous heart they will receive that commiseration; and wliilo the mind runs over the whole trying scene the tears whicli must involuntarily fhjw will OHibalm their memory. Having closed the f.eneral ^ene, we think it will not be unacceptable to our readeis if we notice the conduct of some individuals. A iinarter- ntaster belonging to the ship, by the name of Mc(!regor, had his wife on board ; tliey were a respectable couple and greatly attaidied to ea(di other. Alcdregor from his affectionate solicitations for her safety, endeavored to persuade her, while tlie ship lav on the shoals, to go ashore in fine of the boats which came oft' from tiie Island, as his mind would be more at ease, could he put her in a place of safety. To his solicitations she replied, ' tliat she never would abandon him ; if it was his lot to perish, she wished lis Nova Srofhi fTixton'nil Snn'offf. not to HiirvivP him.' Vindiiij.' it, in Viiin to iirjzo lior fiirtlior, lio dpsistod I'ndn tlu? altiMii|it iiMil slic iil'tdrwards sliarcd tlic roiiinoii late. A ('oiiHid- craldo time aftor tlio ship had rniiiKU'rcd a man was disrovorcd swimmiii;; t(t\vards the \vro(k. On liis pproachin^' iioar it was found to he McC irc^or ; ii(5 informod his comrados w ho wcm han^dnjj; l»y tho wrcclx, tliat lio liad swam towards thu slionv, that hn had vcninnMl as far as \m could with safpty into tho surf, and fonud if ho wont I'urtlior he shonM ho (hislicd to pi('('<'S, and ho cantionod thom all to avoid nnikinti a lil lato as liiH nnfortujiato consort, rt hoso death hi; was contintuilly doplorin^r whih^ on the shrouds. liiinlap relates another instanro whi(di occurred, \vhi(di thoufih it may ujipear ludicroi;.s alter tho distrossiny: scenes wo have noticed, is so descrijitivo of that cool thou^ihtlessuoss of danger whi(di so often dist n- <^uishes our ]>ritish tars tiiat it would ho incxcnsahle to omit it. Daniel Munroo, one of tli(i survivors had as well as i)uidap<_'ot into tlu* 'ire-top. Alter SI while ho disappt^ared and it was concludcul that ho Inid hcen washed away with many others; aftor an ahsenco from tho ton of ahout two hours, ho suddenly popped his head up throu;.'h tho luhher nolo to tho surprise of Dunlap, who ou(juiro(l whore lie had Vieen; ho said lio had l)eon cruising uhout for a better horth ; and it appeared that, after swimjidnj; ahout tho wreck for a considerable time, he had returned to tho fore shrouds, and crawled in on tho cat-hHrpins and had actually been to sl«M>p there more than an hour, and ho said he was and really appeared to be ^rreatly refreshed. Mr. J'rennan of the Dockyard, who had fzoiio aboard with Mr. Rackum, after the sinkin are sorry to mention that Mr. KacKuni, whoso exertions on board La Tribune to preserve the ship wore gratefully acknowledged, perished with th(! unl apjjy ship's company. Having mentioned all tho disastrous circumstances which have attended this distressing scone, it is with pleasure wo. now notice the attention wliii h has boon paid to tho widows and (diildien of tho unfor- tunate sullerors Ills Royal Highness Rrince Edward with that uniform generosity whi(di has distinguished his Royal Highness duri: g his residence in tiiis province, directed immediate provision to he made for the bereaved families, and there is reason to hope through his Royal Highness' representations, that provision will be made as permanent as their suflerings. Actions like these dignify even kings and add splendour to the highest rank. Jlistnr}/ nf /Ialifn.v Cifi/. 11*.) Hosidcs tli(» attontion sliuwn by liis T'liyal Hi^'imoss u liboral siib.scrip- tion lia.s Immmi inaih^ l>y Mk? jiarrisdu and jiontliMiu'u ol' tlio town Inr tim uitltiwH of the Huldicrs wlio wiTt! druwnod and for i\\v iiien wlio inaiiiu'd tlit of (ialvin to Lieut. iMMinel that, tboijjjh lie speaks with becomin:ton, Charh^s Belcher, John Ck)wdsley, William Crofton, Nops ; Captain's Clerk, William Foley; Surj^eon's Jiate,, lames MuUiuiiinoy; CUmner, William Thomas. List of olhcers and men saved from La Tribune :— .lohn (Jalvm, Master's Mate; Seamen, Abraham Wanhill, .lames Crawford, llobert Parker, Daniel Monroe, K Knowles, Richard liest, .lames (Jreen, Henry llusloy, Chris. I)owlin}r, liobert Dunlap and .John White. We have boon favored with the foil Avintr extract of General Orders, dated Halifax, November 20, 17i)7 : Jjieutenaiit (ienoral, His lioyal Hij^hness Prince Edv.ard thiid; Weiitworth. Mr. Wallace remained treasurer until 1H27 or 1H2S, when he was succeeded by I''!* won. Mr. AVallace aned by the (Jovernor and the Prince as commander in chief of the troops. This is what was called the new fishmarket. The old nnirket had formerly been private property, and the rents of stalls at this time were received by Mr. Cochran, but it was subject to town rc(];ulations. Connnissloners wert; about the same time appointed to purchase land and to erect buildin<;s for the acconnno- dation of the Legislature and Courts of Justice as soon as peace should occur and the price of labor should be lower. The Act formerly passed for erecting; buildings for this purpose on the '^ lower parade" was repealed, and that of 171)7 was amended in 1799 and the Conunissioners were directed to purchase land in the south suburbs, and build a Government House. The winter of 1797-8 was again very severe. The heavy falls of snow rendered the road from Halifax to Windsor impassable. The Prince ordered the troops to clear the road between the town and his residence on the Basin. The supply of fat cattle from the country for the troops was retarded for a long time by the state of the roads. JllHtorif of /fdlljhj' ('iff/. \-2\ It wiiH pro|)o8(>(l to I'liiHO a fund in tlu> town to Ik> iil the dihtpoHal of (lovorninont for the pnrpoHt'H of war. The inlniliitantn sultsfrilti'd n Huni approaching £t()()(> townnln thin fnnd ; tiic olllccrs of tlu> Royal Nova Scotia Kcncilde Hcginient, £200. The hoys of the (iranunar School c«)ntiil)nteil altoiit t'2l, and the i*e«;inient in jjanison anil the oIlIeeiH in the public departments, including the contii- hutiouH of the Nova Scotia Keginient, amounted to t'2O07. Much cnthuwiaHui on the Hubject prevailed, and great loyalty wa« diHplayed l»y the people. A general fawt was proclaimed on 21st May, which was kept :it Halifax with uuich Holcmnitv. A connnission was issued in .Iidy to William Forsyth, Andrew Helcher, William Cochran. Lawrence Ilartshorne, Charlen llill, Hichard Kidston, .lohu I lemner, William Sahatier and Michael Wallace, as directors for tlie Sliuhenacadie Canal. A survey and report was nuule by this conunittee which was printed and published. There were several icguhir traders at this time lietween Halifax and IJoston. The principal and most regular one was the Schooner Nancy, Captain Tut" ton. In the mon* lanuary, 170H, a boat arrived in the harbor with Capt. Wyati ni ivcral passengers of the IJrig Princess Amelia, bouml to Ilai. tx, which had been wrecked on the south side of Sable Island on J)th November. The wreck had been reported by an American schooner, who saw signals of distress on the Island. Sir John AVentworth immediately sent a vessel to the Island with clothing and i)rovision8 for the relief of the sutferers. Capt. Wyatt equii)ped his long boat and, having got over to the north side of the Island, embarked with four of his crew and Lieut. Cochran of the Fusiliers, one of the passengers, intending to seek relief. He arrived safe in one of the harbors to the eastward of Halifax, where he obtained a pilot who brought him to Halifax. Capt. Parker, who had charge of the vessel sent to the Island, brought off the remainder of the crew and passengers in safety. 1798. On the 8th August, this year. Prince Kdward received an injury by a fall from his horse while riding on one of the streets in the town. The horse broke through a defective wooden bridge over one of the street gutters. The horse rolled over him hurting one of his legs ; it did not, however, prevent him from attending to his 4 \i 122 yuva Scotia Ilistoriad Soclcttj. military duties. lie was recoininended by tlic physicians to go to Kngland for further udvico. An address subscribed by about four hundred of tiie inhabitants was presented to him on liis departure, Avhich took ph\ce on the 21 st October, Avhen he embaiked in II. M. Siiip Toi)az, Ca[)tain Church. Tlie House of Assend)ly had previ- ously voted live hundred guineas to purchase a star of the order of the (iarter to be i)resented to Ills IJoyal Highness. Among the events of the year was the arrival in the harbor, in Novend)er, of the I'nited States Squadron, consisting of the Sloop- of-AVar Herald, Csipt. Stevens, and the Pickering, Capt. Chapman, with the 35rig Commerce, Capt. Childs. Salutes Avcre exchanged, and the cai)tains landed and paid their respects to the (Jovernor, Admiral and General, and were hospitably entertained. The United States was at this time at wai"- with France. On the 2r)th November news of Nelson's victory at the Nile arrived in Halifax. The town was illuminated in the evening. Salutes were tired and other demonstrations of joy occurred through- out the day. A number of prizes were brought into the port during this autumn. Mr. James Stewart, afterwards Solicitor-General, Avas this year elected without o[)position for the county. On the 2oth Se[)tember a tremendous hurricane visited Halifax and continued through part of the night. Nearly all the wharves in the town were swept away, and most of the shl[)i)ing in the harbor damaged. The tide rose to an unprecedented height, overllowed AVater Street and did nuicli damage to property. The water came up to the old market house where the city brick building now stands. The market wharf and King's wharf were partially destroyed, and the market slip or [)ublic landing swept away. The loss of i)roi)erty in the town, including the shipping, Avas estimated at above £100,000. Among the names of persons engaged in Inisiness in the town this 3'ear we llnd, .James Kidston, Wholesale and Retail Dealer, JNIatthew Richardson, at the foot of Prince Street, James JMoody and James Tidmarsh just entered into co-partnership; Forman & (irassie, Fraser, Thom & Co., Shii)[)ing ^Merchants, Lyon & Butler, Sho[)keepcrs, near the market house; Thomas Moody, Dry Goods, etc., corner of Marchington's wharf; James Leaver, o[)posite the History of Halifax City. 123 Dartmouth Mill Flour Store, in "Water Street ; John IVfeMasters, IJenjaniin Etter, Watchmaker and Hardware Store at the corner of Cieorge and liarrington Streets, lower side of Grand Parade (Crosskill's cornei) ; Phoebe Moody, Dry Goods, opposite the Parade, in Barrin<>;ton Street. In the followin<>; vear tlie names of Jonathan and John Tremain, Samuel Ilart, Trcmain & Hoggs and William Annand appear. The members of Assembly for the county were : ]\Iichael Wallace, Jonathan Sterns, Lawrence Ilartshorne and Charles JNlorris. Mr. Sterns was replaced by James Stewart.* William Cochran and J. G. Pyke were still members for the town. Mr. licnning AVentworth was Provincial Secretary. The Hon. Richard IJulkeley, the senior councillor, was Grand Master of the iSfasons. The papers of the day are filled with long advertisements about the Government Lottery. 171)0. The chief event Avhich occupied the attention of the good people of Halifax during the autumn of this year was the arrival and movements of His Royal Highness Prince Edward, who had now been created Duke of Kent. Having received the api)ointment of commander-in-chief of the troo|)s in IJritish North America on fith September, he arrived in H. M. Ship Arethusa, Capt. AVooley, forty-three days from England. The Prince landed in state. A procession of boats was formed from tlie frigate to the King's Wharf under a royal salute from the ships, and on reaching the wharf, by a salute from the Citadel. A double line of soldiers, including the militia, lined the street from the King's Wharf to (Jovernment House, through which the procession passed. The (iovernor and Council, Admiral Vandiput, (ieneral Ogilvie, the ollicers of the staff and public departments and a number of the principal citizens, attended. On his arrival at Government House the bells of St. Paul's and the old jNIather Meeting Hou;4e rang out a merry peal, and a large number of the inliabitants crowded around to bid him welcome again to Halifax. In the evening, bonfires were lit on the Grand Parade in honor of his arrival. The Duke soon after removed to *NoTK.— Mr. Stewart was tlic son of Ant Inny Stewart, l)cforo mentioned, a Loy.alist fjentlonian from Miryland. Ho was Solicitor UcniMvil and afterwards a .hid^eof the Kni)rcinc Court. He married a sister of the late Cliief Justice, Sir J{. Haliburton. Judge Stewart's residence was the yellow briek Imuso at the corner of l*l(!asant Street and Morris Street, afterwards the residence of Mr. Alexander St(!wart, Master of the llolis, but not related to Jud^e James Stewart. The lute lloverend James Stewart, of Dartmouth, was his (grandson, 124 Nona Scotia Historical Society. his villa on the Basin, six miles from town. This beautiful little retreat had been erected by Prince Edward on the land of the Governor, Sir John Wentworth. The grounds were laid out and improved at considerable expense under his direction. The Rotunda, or music room, on the opposite side of the road, next the water, surrounded by the rich foliage of the beech groves, and surmounted by a large gilded ball, flashing in the sunlight, presented a beautiful and picturesque appearance on the approach to the Lodge. The villa was built altogether of wood, consisting of a centre of two stories containing the hall and staircase, with a flat roof. There were two wings containing the Duke's apartments. In the rear was a narrow wooden building with pointed gothic windows, resembling a chapel, containing the kitchen and offices, which extended some distance southward beyond the main building. The grouping of the beech and birch trees in the lawn and around the house was well arranged. They were the original forest trees, selected and permitted to stand in clearing away the space for the buildings. The rooms were not spacious, and the ceilings low, which appears to have been the fashion of building in Halifax at the time. The woods around were very beautiful. They were traversed by walks, and in several places by a carriage road with vistas and resting places where little wooden seats and several imitation Chinese temples were erected. Several of these small summer houses were in existence in 1828, and probably later, and portions of them could be seen through the openings in the trees on passing the main road. The Duke erected a range of low buildings on the edge of the Basin, a little to the north of the Rotunda, which were occupied by two companies of his regiment, and contained the guard room and a mess room for the officers. This building was afterwards known as the Rockingham Inn, a fvaourite resort in summer, when tea and ginger beer were to be had under the piazza which ran along the edge of the water. This hotel acquired the name of the " Rockingham," having been for a long time after the Prince's departure the place of meeting of the Rockingham Club. This club was established either while the Duke was resident here, or very soon after his leaving for Canada. It was composed of Governor Wentworth, the members of His Majesty's Council, the Admiral of the station, several of the principal military officers, and History of Halifax Cit}j. 125 a number of the leailing citizens of Halifax. Dr. Stanser, rector of St. Paul's, was one of its members ; also the Hon. Andrew lielcher, both of whom had villas on the Basin, the former at Sherwood, afterwards the property of the late Mr. Thos. Kenny, and the latter at Birch Cove, now in the occupation of the family of the late Peter Donaldson. The Rockingham Club was partly literary and partly social. The members dined together at the hotel, which was styled the Rockingham House, in compliment to Sir John Wentworth, the head of whose family, the Marquis of Rockingham, was about that time in, or at the head of the British Ministry. The large room which extended along the south wing of the building, east and west, with the end to the water, was hung with the portraits of many of the members of the club painted by Field, a portrait painter of considerable talent who, at that time and for several years after, resided in Halifax, and from whose brush the portraits of many of the then principal citizens and their ladies still remain.* In 1799 the prices of provisions in Halifax markets were as follows : Beef, by the quarter, from 4d. to 5d. per pound ; pork, 6d., mutton, 7d. to 8d., veal, 8d. to 9d., fowls, from 3s. to 4s., oats, 2s. 6d. and 3s., butter. Is. 3d. and Is. 6d. In 1798 the number of illegitimate children in the Halifax Poor House was fourteen, in 1799, seventeen, and in 1800, fifteen. The total cost of the establishment during the three years was £570 16s. Id. Fines received at Halifax, 1798, £60 ; 1799 and 1800, £82 lOs. Fresh ^Vater Bridge was renewed and completed in 1798. In 1799 the Legislature made some amendments to the Act for the erection of public buildings. The Commissioners appointed by the Governor and Council were authorized to purchase land for the site of a new Government House. The old House to * Among Field's portraits i-onaining in Halifax, are those of the Hon. Michael Wallace, Hon Wm. Lawson, Hon. AT^drew Belcher and Mrs. Belcher, Bishop Charles Inglis, Rev. Dr. Archibald Gray and Mth Gi-ay, the late Andrew Wright, of the firm of Belcher & Wright, and his sister Mary, the late L»r W. J. Almon, and others. That of Sir John Wentworth, a full half lenKth, the best performance of Field in this country, was removed from the Rockingham to r-ovemment House by Sir .lohn aftoi- the club had boon dissolved, and became Governr .ent property. It was afterwards removed to the Province Building, whence it was taken some years ago, and is said to have fallen Into private hands, having been cither lent or given away by order of one of the gentlemen who, some years ago, occupied the omce of Provincial Hccreta! e hoped that ere long it will lind its way back to fts place in the Building. That of Commissioner Ingleflcld, also a member of the club, hung for many years over the mantle piece of the committee room of the Legislative Coi:noil Chamber, but was afterwards presented to the late Admiral Uigletiold, father of Sir Edward Ingloticld, lately Admiral on this station. 126 JVot'tt Scotia III ,sto rival ISocidy. be appropriated to tlie House of Assembly and Courts of Law. riie Conunissioners were JNIessrs. Wallace, Coehran, Ilartshorne, and .lolin IJeckwith. The IIous'^ of Assembly voted £'10,001) for the building, etc. The old (iovernment House having been found unlit for the accommodation of the J^egislature, was sold and the block of buildings known as Cochran's, before mentioned, was leased this year for £300 per annum for the accommodation of the Law Courts, the Legislature, and the public ollices connected witii the Provincial Government. Commissioners were also appointed to build a new market house for the butchers and for a vegetable market. This was the wooden building which was removed during the administration of (Governor Le^Iarchant, to make way for the present brick structure. A clerk of the market was ap[)ointed. There being then no convenient accommodation for the vegetable market, the country people were permitted to sell in the streets and the square in front of the market house. This has once more become the custom ; the portion of the new market ai)proi)riated to the country people having been lately taken for city ollices. The want of sutlicient space in the central parts of the town for the convenience of markets and the ei'ection of public buildings, has been always an impediment to the improvement and embellishment of the city. The small dimensions of the lots as originally laid out, being only forty feet by sixty, and the short space between the streets, the narrow spaces allowed for the public lajidings, and the small size of the water grants for the erection of Avharves in the old town, have been a continual drawback to the convenience of trade and the progress of improvement in front of the town. And it is a subject of regret that at the present day so little attention is paid by the public authorities to the future welfare of the city in respect to laying off building lots and streets by private owners and speculators. The regular packet between Halifax and Boston, the Schooner Nancy, usually occupied three days in her trips. She was commanded by Capt. J. Huxford. He was afterwards known in Halifax as Crazy Huxford. He was on board the Shannon, frigate, in the engagement with the American ship Chesapeake, and iiad been wounded in the head, from which he never fully recovered. He was one of the best pilots on the coast and was, until his death, a naval lltHtoi'i/ of Halifax Cfty. 127 branch pilot attaclicd to the Dockyard. When iiiuU'r the Inllncnce )f liquor he became frantic and was continually shoutinj; tlu'ougli .he streets of the town without hat or coat. This poor old nuin died about twenty-five or thirty years ago at a very advanced age. In May the small pox made its appearance in the town and strict quarantine regulations were enforced. Dr. Gschwint (pronounced Swint) WC3 appointed health oHiccr. The elections took place this autumn. 3Iessrs. AVilliam Cochran and .lohn (leorge Pyke Avere again returned. The former polled 104 votes and tlVv^ latter 840. At this time the electors were confined to freeholders only. The franchise was not altered till about the year 1«3(). Mr. Cotnam Tonge, Edward Mortimer, Messrs. Fulton and Morris were elected for the county. Only two resident in the town succeeded, Tonge and Morris ; Wallace, Stewart and Ilartshorne were rejected by the Pictou votes. On Saturday, the 11th August, attempts were made by persons unkuowo to set lire to the Dockyard, Government house and the engine house. The (Jovernor and Council offered a large reward for discovery. A night patrol of militia and inhabitants was ordered out under the superintendence of the magistrates. The Rev. Bernard ISIichael Ilouseal, minister of 8t. (Jeorge's, iu the north suburbs, died on the Uth March, this year, in the seventy- second year of his age. lie was a native of the Duchy of "Wurtem- berg, was educated at one of the German universities, and was esteemed a good scholar and a pious minister of religion. He had been chosen by the learned consistory of Stuttgart for the ministry of ihe Lutheran Church, and embarked for America iu 1752. After oeing several years in the ministry he took charge of a congregation of Germans in New York, and came with the Loyalists to Halifax iu 1783. He was buried in the old German burial ground attached to his church in Brunswick Street, and his tombstone remains there. Mr. Houseal was succeeded in the Church of St. (xeorge by the Rev. George Wright, who was also principal of the Halifax (Grammar School and chaplain to the garrison. The Round Church, in Brunswick Street, was at this time only iu process of erection and was not iinished until the year 1811, or thereabouts. On the 30th October, H. M. Ship Porcupine, Capt. Evans, arrived from New Providence, having ou board the Duke of Orleans 128 Nova JScotia IlisUmcal Society. 1] and his two brothers, the Duke of Montpensier and Count Beaujoile, attended by Count Montjoye. They had been waiting for a passage to England and had proceeded here in the Porcupine in hope of meeting with an opportunity of going to Europe. Finding no immediate opportunity to England, they both took their passage in a merchant ship for New York. Though considered as prisoners on parole, they dined with the (Tovernor, and paid a visit to the Duke of Kent at the Lodge. They also attended a public ball at Government House on the 17th November. The Duke of Orleans was afterwards elected to the French throne as Louis Philippe, King of the French, and eventually died in exile in England. After he became king, on meeting with several persons from Nova Scotia, he very kindly enquired after several gentlemen of Halifax by name and spoke with much feeling of the kindness he experienced while in Halifax. On arrival he was found to be in very straitened circumstances and the Duke of Kent was believed to have given him pecuniary assistance to enable the party to proceed on their voyage. HiHtory of Halifax City. 129 CHAFrEK VI. tSOO. At the commencement of the centurj' Halifax presented a prosperous condition. The population now approached 0,000. Trade was brisk, and the place was enlivened by a large garrison and the presence of a Prince of the Blood Royal. The harbor was the resort of the fleet and was the principal station of the naval commander. The war was at its height and the Prize Court in full operation. Several privateers had been fitted out by the merchants of the town and captures of French vessels were frequent, though the trade of the port occasionally suffered from the French cruisers on the coast. Among the captures from the enemy at the time, the most remarkable was that of two prizes, one French and one Danish, brought in by Captain William Pryor, commander of the Privateer Nymph, of Halifax. Several public buildings were commenced this spring. On the 5th June t . Prince laid the corner stone of the Masonic Hall. His Royal Highness was Grand Master of the Masons of Lower Canada, and acted for the Hon. Richard Bulkeley, Grand Master of Nova Scotia, when age and infirmities prevented him from attending. A masonic procession was formed and the ceremony is said to have been one of the finest which Halifax ever witnessed. The band of the Prince's own regiment, the 7th Fusiliers, performed under the direction of Mr Selby, organist of St. Paul's, one of the craft. On the 10th April, Sir John Wentworth laid the corner stone of the Round Church (St. George's) in Brunswick Street. The Legislature this session voted £500 towards its completion. The land on which the church was erected had been purchased some time previously by the Committee of Superintendence. The design is said to have been the work of the late John Merrick and Mr. J. Fliegar of the Surveyor General's department, and for some years surveyor to Governor Went"^'orth while Surveyor General of Woods and Forests in Nova Scotia. St. George's old church, then known as the Dutch Church, was at this time occupied by the congregation l.'JO Nova Scotia Historical Society. of the north sulnirbs, many of whom were the descendants of the first (icruian settlers. Though always an independent congregation, it had been considered part of the parish of St. Paul's, the whole Township of Halifax having been originally included in that parish, and it continued so until legally erected into a separate parisli by the name of St. (leorge's parish, under the Act of the Legislature passed for that purpose in 1827. The Rev. (leorge AVright was at this time minister of St. (ieorge's congregation. He had lately succeeded Mr. Ilouseal, who was styled Missionary to the Germans. A sum of money, as we have seen, had been voted by the Legislature for the erection of a (Jovernment House. MucIj discussion had arisen in the House of Assembly and with the Executive authorities, regarding the funds to be appropriated for this purpose, and some difference of opinion existed regarding the site for the building. It was finally arranged that it sliould be placed in the field between Hollis and Pleasant Streets, to include the site of the old hospital. The corner stone of this edifice was laid by the Duke of Kent on the 11th of September. A procession was formed which proceeded from the old Ciovernment House, accompanied by a band of music, and the ceremony was concluded by a prayer by the Rev. Doctor Robert Stanser, Rector of St. Paul's. Isaac Hildrith was the architect, and John Henderson chief mason. No building since erected in Halifax exceeds (Government House in neatness of design and solidity of workmanship. Some of the old brick buildings now remaining in the city were erected by Mr. Henderson. The old market house was taken down this year and the new one commenced. This old market occupied the site of the recent City Court House. The new one was erected in tlie open space opposite the King's wharf, where the new brick market house now stands. It was a Hat-roofed wooden building intended to accommodate the butchers only. A pitched roof was afterwards put on this building. There was a small green market built at the same time next tlie north line of the fuel yard, which was afterwards removed. Tiiese buildings were erected at the expense of Government, the sum of £2,2r)2 having been graiited by the House of Assembly to be appropriated to the erection of this new meat market, also to the repair and extension of the market slip or public landing, and for Jlistory of IfaJffax City. 131 tlio fisli-markot, and, at tho samo tlnio, €2")0 wa« voted to the hoii-H of the late .loHopli (Jerrish who claimed some interest in a porilon of the old market house lot. A small piece of <;ronnd at the corner of the military fuel yard, next to the new market house, was about the samo time purchased from Mr. Kidston who then occupied it for Aveijih scales and other purposes. The (Jrand Jury refused to accept the <»rant from the Crowirof tho old market house lot in the way it had boon drawn by the Secretary of the province. The Council declined to make the alterations in the <>rant required, and concluded that tho old buildinjj and the lot should remain under the control of the Commissioners of Public Markets, and ordered the old buildings to l)o taken down and the ground leased. In ]March the House of Assembly was in session. The elections of Mr. Tonge for the County and Mr. Pyke for the Town were declared void by the House in consequence of some defect in their qualifications. On the !)th April following, the new election for tho town took place, and on tho 14th, Andrew Belcher was returned by a majority of 65 votes. 3Ir. ISIichael AVallace was returned for the County. Mr. Tonge, having been also chosen by a country constituency, fell back on the double return and retained his seat. On the 12th March, the House attended at St. Paul's church in a body, when the Rev. Dr. Stanser, then chaplain, preached before them. This summer His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent took his final departure from Halifax. The usual addresses wore presented l>y the House of Assembly, His Majesty's Council and the people of tho Town. He embarked in H. M. Ship Assistance on the ord August, and sailed on the 4th. His embarkation was attended with full military ceremony, the troops lining the streets. His Royal Highness, accompanied by the Governor and Council and the principal Naval and Military Officers, proceeded on foot through the avenue formed by the troops to the King's Wharf, whence he reached the ship under salutes from the batteries, the artillery corps and the ships of war. Several of tho old inhabitants not many years since recollected the scene, and could describe tho feelings evinced by tho townspeople on the occasion. His tall command- iiig figure in full military uniform, his hat surmounted by the lofty white plume, then worn by the fusiliers, could be seen above the 132 Nova Scotia Hint on ml Society. heads of t'lo surrounding crowd as he walked down the line with ti smile of reco; the winter. Sir John Wcntworth's stables at the lodp;c were l)urned down. The most disastrous firo which had occurred in the town for many years took place on the otli February, when the block fronting the old Government House on Hollis Street Avas partially destroyed. On the 13tli February this year, the society known as the Sun Fire Company Avas established at Halifax. It was, perhaps, the first Fire Company ever instituted in the town. Those known as the PhaMiix Fire Company, the Hand and Hand and the Heart and Hand Avere of a subsequent date. The Sun Fire Company in the year 1810, included most of tlie principal inhabitants of the toAvn. Their names Avill be found in the Appendix. 1802. A considerable outlay of money appears to have been made on the streets of the tOAvn about this time. The commis- sioners appointed for this i)urpose Avere Charles JMorris, J. G. Pyke, LaAvrence Hartshorne, Michael "NV^allace and William Lyons. The expenditure this year on the streets amounted to i''.)t30, and in the tAvo succeeding years to £G1)G and £808. The sum of £500 had been granted in 1801 toAvards the expense of paving some of the streets ; the remainder probably Avas raised by assessment. The names of the toAvn magistrates in 1802, Avere John NcAvton, Custos, Jonathan Binney, Geo. W. Sherlock, J. G. Pyke, Dr. Michael Head, W. Taylor, Stephen H. liinney, Jas. Gantier, Wni. Cochran, Charles Morris, Junior, Daniel Wood, William Thompson, Michael Wallace, Charles Hill, Richard Kidston, P. Marchington, Jonathan Tremain, James Clarke, William SchAvartz, Hibbert N. Binney and John Bremucr. These are the Magistrates for the 184 Xura Soilia Ili'slori'nil Snco'lij. County of Ilnlil'ax. 'I'lu'y all nppoar to liiivi- Ih'cii ivHitU-ntH in llio town. Lt'wi.s M. Wilkins wan Slu'iilV; .lolin Newton and 11. N. Jlinnt'V wi'iv Joint C'ollot'torK of the CiiHtoniH ; Daniel Wood, Inspector; .I()Un Cleveland, Colieetor of li^iit duties ; anil .lolin II. Flie^ar, (lanjier. The Kiiewards <»f the town weie Mr. I'yke, .Mr. AVallaee, Mr. Hill, .Mr. Cleveland, Mr. Clarke, AVilliani Millet, Kllas Marshall, Thonias Killis, Andrew Liddell, .lohn Flllis, Win. Joyous, ThonijiH llo^oys. (!irls. Total. AV'hites 1924 2i.Sl) 17J>0 KKU) 7H72 Blacks !>() 1G() .SI 108 451 In Naval Yard 25 ;]() 27 27 115 Dutch Village 15 10 ;]() W.) 1)4 Total ." 8532 Col. Bayard retired from active Hcrvioe and settled in Annapolis County. Ho was the father of the lute Dr. Hayard of St. John, and grandfather of the present Doctor William Mayard of that city. {Cant. Howe was a descendant of the Hon. Ed. Howe, one of Cornwallie' first councillors. llisfori/ nf Iliillfiix Cllij, 1:5:. 'I'lii'io wci't* 1(K)() thvi'llinjj; Iioiihoh in tlio town jind pi-ninsuhi. In takinjj; the (vnwnH, llu' wnrdH of the town wore «liHtinVur«l, I'ontuc Wind, Mnrki-t Ilousi' Ward, (lOVcrnor'H Wunl, Mcotinjj; Ilonne Wiird, South llarrack.s Ward, South SuhnrhH and Nortli Snhnrlw. The Huni of t'H, '.)()() had been expended l>y the Connnissioners on the huUdinj*' of (Jovernnient IIoUHe, and l»nt the IhHt Htory had lieen completed. Mueh dlnsatinfaetion was exprenned in the Ilourte (»f AsHenilily with the course i)urHued by the CoinmissionerH. Ilelclier, lIutehinHon, Cochrun and IJeckwith had kei)t i»o niiinites of their proceedin*>;8. Wallace appears to have had the principal super- viHioii He was censured by the House for having; acted without the concurrence of those associated with him, and for exceeding- the limits prescribed him by law. IJut his zeal and ability were commended and no corrupt motives were attributed to him. In 1804 an additional sum of i*2,'j()0 was voted to complete the building, a considerable sum having been voted and expended the previous year.* Several fires occurred in ,Iune which were supposed to be the work of incendiaries. It had been proved beyond all doubt that buildings in several parts of the town had been set on lire. A patrol of militia under Colonel Pyke Avas ordered to patrol the streets from sunset to sunrise, and all suspected i)ersons who could not give a good account of themselves at night were ordered to be arrested. A reward of £100 Avas offered for discovery, and several arrests were made. A boy Avho confessed to having attenii>ted to set fire to the Dockyard was sent out of the province. On the "ind September the l>7th regiment arrived in the harbor and landed immediately at the King's AVharf. On the lltli the fleet arrived from Jamaica under the command of Commodore Baynton, consisting of the Cumberland, 74, Ikllerophon, 74, (langcs, 74, Vanguard, 74, Cloliah, 74, Thesis, 74,. Elephant, 74 and the Pelican, Brig. The 7th regiment embarked shortly after^ and the town people presented a farewell address to Col. Layard and Lieut. - Col. Edwards. In April the Governor and Council were prevailed on to grant a press warrant to Capt. Bradley of the Cambrian for * The building cost about £18,000. 11 t 136 Nova Scotia Illntorical Societij. ten days in the toAvn to enable him to fill np the number of his crew, it being 50 short of its complement. The Rev. Dr. Burke was at this time Koman Catholic Vicar General of Nova Scotia under the Bishop of (Quebec ; he afterwards administered the Episcopal ollice in Halifax as Bishop of Zion. Dr. Burke was a gentleman of education and highly esteemed in the community. The death of a very aged inhabitant, John Murphy, occurred this year. He was 90 years of age, and had been one of the first settlers of the town. He had acquired a large property in fields in the south suburbs, where he kept a large number of cows, and for a great many years supplied the principal inhabitants with milk and butter. The fields extending northward from Smith's tan yard to the corner house formerly occupied by the late Sheriff Sawyer, were known formei'ly as Murphy's fields. 1803. The following is an account of the butchers' meat sold in the Halifax market for six months commencing July Ist and ending December 31st, 1802. Sheep. Calves. Oxen. Pigs. July 785 264 157 — Aug 964 147 186 — Sept 1401) 91 273 21 Oct 1017 85 224 76 Nov 928 78 465 407 Dec 883 — 614 692 Total 5986 665 1919 1 196 The above is exclusive of the meat issued under contract for the Navy, but it is to be assnmed it included the Army contract. 1804. This spring the House of Assembly recommended that the old market house should be taken down and a new building erected on the ground for the purpose of a County Court House and police oflSce. This was the brick building lately nsed for city purposes. An Act was passed in 1804 with that object. The trade of the port was much depressed this season by the number of captures made by the enemy, and from the low prices obtained for fish in the "West India market, where the merchants of Halifax were undersold by U. S. fishermen. History of TTah'Jar Cihf. 137 Among the events of the year was the arrival of several distinguished prisoners, among whom was General lirunet and suite, who put into Halifax on their way to P^ngland, having been made prisoners at St. Domingo. Governor Wentworth assigned them the old Rockingham Inn, near the Prince's Lodge on the Basin, as a place of abode while here. They were shortly after removed to England. In the autumn General lioyer, commandant of the garrison, undertook to try the metal of the Ilaligonians by causing a falsie alarm oi' invasion. The report was spread early in the morning that the French were off the harbor. Before 10 o'clock, A.M., about 1,000 militia men were embodied and at their respective posts. Two hundred of them were artillery men. The dress companies were all in uniform and fully equipped. Among the first who appeared on the parade ground with their guns were Parson Wright, head master of the grammar school, and the Solicitor General, James Stewart, better known as Judge Stewart. 180.'). Press warrants were granted by the Council on the Gth May to Vice Admiral Sir Andrew Mitchell, then in command of the station, for fourteen days. He afterwards demanded an extension of his warrant for six months, which was refused by the Council at their meeting on the 18th. In their reply to the Admiral they mention that, the number of seamen engaged in the West India trade, etc., had been so reduced by captures, imprisonment and other causes that there were not sufficient in the port to man the vessels, and that all the seamen to be found in the town would not now be enough to meet half the demand for one sloop-of-war in the fleet. Moreover, that there were many at the time in French prisons wliose families were supported by charity in the town. This, together with the high rate of wages in the United States, had reduced the commerce of the port to the greatest necessity. Finally, that the execution of impress warrants on shore were attended with much disturbance and annoyance to the laboring poor and others not fit for service, and the Council were of opinion that it should only be resorted to on the most urgent occasions and when advantage from it was to be reasonably looked for. Mitchell, finding he could not prevail on the Council, undertook, in the following October, to send press gangs through the town 138 Xova Scotia HiHtoriml Society. II without warrant. An armod party of sailors and marines from the Cleopatra, frigate, under the command of one or more oflicers, were sent out. The citizens resisted and a riot ensued, which resulted in the death of one person and the wounding of several others. One of these encounters occurred in the store of ^lessrs. Forsyth & Co., where a number of merchant sailors had secreted themselves. General Wentwortli 'called a meeting of the Council on 2;3rd November, and it was 'ordered that the Solicitor-General should proceed to prosecute all persons belonging to the ships of war Avho had been engaged in impressments. The Attorney (General, R. J. Uniacko, Mitchell's father-in-law, was in England at the time, on leave of absence. The Admiral's gang had broken open the store of P^orsyth & Co. under the pretense of looking for deserters, and Sir Andrew defended his conduct under the authority of a warrant from the Admiralty, but he was condemned in heavy damages for his illegal proceedings. The town artillery at this time consisted of three companies commanded by Captains Charles Morris, lirennier and Fillis, and there was another under Capt. Mcintosh of Spryfield,, which did duty at York Redoubt, composed principally of market fisherman who were regularly trained to battery exercises. Governor AVent- wortli appears to have been assiduous in his efforts to keep up the local defences of the town, and to have placed much reliance on the volunteer companies for that purpose. There was a plentiful harvest this year throughout the whole province. Provisions of all sorts were plentiful in the town, so much so that the arrival of the fleet and a large export to Bermuda and Newfoundland did not augment the prices. The importations of flour from the United States, both this and the following year, were very extensive. In October an unfortunate French prisoner named Pierre Paulin was executed on the common for the murder of a fellow prisoner. The Governor and Council refused to reprieve him. In December the town was illuminated and other joyful demon- strations made by the inhabitants on the news of the IJattle of Trafalgar. 1800. In the month of February, Lieut. -General Gardner, the commandant of the garrison, died at Halifax ; his funeral was Ilhtnry of IIah'fa.v City. 139 attended with much military pomp and ceremony. He Avas buried under old St. Paul's Church. A general election occurred in 1800, when Edward INlortinier of Pietou, Simon B. Robie, S. G. W. Archibald and William Lawson were returned for the county, and John (ieorge Pyke and Foster Hutchinson for the town. Cochran, the old member, petitioned against Lawson on the ground of qualification. The Government House remained still unfinished. The sum of £i^2^'2 had been expen, ^2,000 more than had been voted. On tlu 2': :i April Halifax was thrown into alarm by the appear- ancv' of a number of large vessels in the ofling. Signal guns Avere fired from the alarm posts in the harbor, and the military and militia Avere under arms. There Avas another alarm of French invasion on or about the 20th May, Aviien several large A'essels were again reported off the harbor. The militia of the tOAvn were again assembled, but the greater part of them AA'ere without arms. Governor Wentworth had previously made seA'eral applications to the Imperial GoA'crnment for arms for the Halifax Militia, but it does not appear that much attention Avas paid to his solicitations. Among the adA'ertisements Avhich appeared in the the Gazette this year Avas notice of a periodical publication to be called the " Nova Scotia and Ncav Brunswick Magazine or Historical Library," Avhich Avas offered for sale at the book stores of Messrs. Morrison, Bennet, Edmund Ward und AVilliam Minns. IVIorrison kept his book and stationer's shop at the corner of Duke and Granville Streets, after- Avards knoAvn as Joseph Robinson's hat store, now owned by Mr. Kiezer. He Avas succeeded in his business by George Eaton, Avho Avas the principal book seller and stationer in the toAvn for several years. This old building, Avith others along the upper side of Gran- ville Street avis destroyed by fire about 1827. At this time there Avas a laAv in existence to prevent persons building Avooden houses in the toAvn above a certain height. The present Avooden building at the corner was then erected under this laAV and did not' exceed what by measurement Avas deemed one story and a half. ScA'eral stone and brick buildings Avure erected in consequence of this law. That to the south of Kie::er'8 corner occupied by Mr. Simonds and others, (inothcr \n Vhf- same block built by the late William Macara, i'il> . 140 Nova Scotia Historical Society. ! (Irujrolst, and the lar«T;o (lonl)lo tlirce story stone building in IJarrington Street, nearly' opposite St. Paul's, were all erected about this time by IVIr. Matthew Richardson on the site of the late Andrew Belchei's garden. Several old ganible roofed houses, the remnant of the first settlement, were destroyed by the above- mentioned fire. On 22nd December, the American Government laid an embargo on all vessels within American ports l)ound to any foreign places, and the officers of the Customs throughout the States were directed to refuse clearances to all such vessels. This was a great check to trade, and Halifax felt the result in the scarcity of provisions and particularly of ttour, which went up immediately to £!) per bbl., the inhabitants having been in a great measure dependent on the States for that article. A sailor named John Wilson had been taken from the American Frigate Chesapeake on cluuges of mutiny and desertion. He was tried in Halifax by Court Martial on board the Flag Ship lielleisle on 26th August, condemned and executed on Blst. Two other seamen were in October following executed on board the Jason, Capt. Cochran, for mutiny. The following list of town officers appointed by the Grand Jury for the Town in 1806, will be found interesting: Halifax, Nova Scotia, ) ^, ^ „ ,T ' , rr 1 CoruT ov Qlaktkr Sessions. March Term. ) ^ The Grand Jury present to the Worshipful Court th 3 following as proper persons to serve as Town Ofllcers for the ensuing year, in the different oflices to which they are named, viz : William Lyon, County Treasurer ; Henry Yeomans, Town Clerk ; Samuel Muirhead, Stephen Oxley, Clerks of the Market ; Richard Woodin, Michael Denny, William Hogg, Enoch Wiswell, Surveyors of Lumber and Fence Viewers ; Joseph Hamilton, James Romans, Sealers of Leather; Nicholas Vass, Thomas Adams, Patrick Ryan, William Ford, John Knowdie, Frederick Stormy, Surveyors of Pickled Fish ; Thomas Adams, William Ford, Cullers of Dry Fish ; Nicholas Vass, William Ford, P'rederick Stormy, Gangers of Oil ; John H. Flcigher, Ganger ; Henry Shiers, Richard Woodin, William Graham, INFeasurers of Wood ; Francis Le'Guire, Measurer of Wood and Coals for the Fuel Yard ; Richard Woodin, Henry Shiers, History of Jialijax City. Ill Willinin (inihaiu, ]\[casiirers of Grain; Richard AVoodin, Henry Sliiers, William (Traiiani, William IIo<>g, Measurers of Salt and Coal; John Hrown, William Ford, Cullers of Hoops and Staves; James King, Edward King, Weighers of Hay; John Metehier, Sur- veyor of IJricks and Lime; AV. (t. Forsyth, Lawrence Hartshorne, John Sullivan, John AVilliam IMorris, Hogreaves ; John Plielan, Pound Keeper ; Thomas Stone, John Atkins, John Alansfleld, David Fletcher, AVilliam Shea, (Jeorge Isles, I'eter J^affen, Edward Herbert, John Clarke, Richard Munday, Henry AVright, Hugh Cliisholm, Andrew Bowers, Francis AVade, Alexander Cunnniugs, Patrick Tobin, Constables; Jacob Michael, Constable for Dutch Town ; Peter Shaft'ro, Constable for Dutch A'^illage ; John Mc'Alpin, Overseer of Highways for Dutch A'illage and Pen. ; Jacob Bower, George jNrintosh, Overseers for Harriot and Spryllelds ; AVilliam Adams, Constable for Harriot and Spr^'fields ; Peter A'ambolt, John Duffeney, Constables for Margaret's Bay; Christopher Bout*elcer, Overseer of Highways for ISIargaret's Bay ; Frederick Bouttcleer, IMeasurer of Cordwood for jMargaret's Bay ; George Duffeney, Fence A'^iewer for Margaret's Bay ; George Mc'lntosh, Overseer of Highways from Spryfield to Catch Harbour ; AA''illiam Keys, Over- seer of Highways from AVindsor Road to Gay's River ; Robert Fletcher, Terence Canty, Constables for the Shubenacadie Fisheries ; Edmund Bambrick, Jonathan Shelling, (icorge Hiltz, Overseers of Roads from Sackville Bridge to the extremity of the County ; Jacob Haverstock, Overseer of Roads from Nine Mile River to Ham- mond's Plain; George Dunn, George Hiltz, Surveyors of Lumber for Nine Mile River to Hammond's Plain and AVindsor Road ; Colin (irant, Christopher Shultz, Robert Anderson, Fence AMcwers ; Christopher Haverstock, Joseph Fielding, Jacob Pentz, Constables for AVindsor Road and Hammond Plains ; Henry Bambrick, George Fultz, Hogreaves; John Shultz, (Jeorge Hershman, Hugh Bambrick, Assessors of the County Rates; Henry IMiller, Pound Keeper; Edward Foster, Surveyor of Highways from Dartmouth Town Plot to the Basin ; Samuel Hamilton, Constable from Dartmouth Town Plot to the liasin ; Jon. Trcmain, Sr., AVilliam Penny, Surveyors of Highways, Dartmouth Town Plot ; David Larnard, Constable, Dartmouth Town Plot; James Munn, Pound Keeper, Dartmouth Town Plot; Henry AVisdom, Surveyor of Highways from the Ferry 142 Xoca iScotia Historical Society. up the Prcstou Road to Tanyanl ; Mark Jones, Constable ; John Wisdom, Ilogrea ^ ; INIark Jones, Pound Keeper ; George Simpson, Surveyor of lliguways and Fence Viewer from Tanyard to Simpson's ; Hugh Koss, Constable ; Thomas Settle, Surveyor of Highways and Fence Viewer from Simpson's eastward to the new bridge ; Philip Molyneux, Constab'c ; Timothy Crane, Surveyor of Higlnvays for all Preston, and Fence Viewer; John Richardson, Constable ; Thomas Settle, Surveyor of Lumber and IJark ; (ieoi'ge Horn, Hogreave ; John Stewart, Surveyor of Highways from Cole Harbour to Turner's ; Robert Collins, Surveyor of Highways from Turner's to Jones' ; Robert Turner, Constable ; Peter IMc'Nabb, Surveyor of Highways, Eastern Passage; IJenjamin Horn, Con- stable ; Adam Archibald, Muscpiodoboit, Surveyor of Roads ; William Gould, Constable ; George M'Leod, Robert Nelson, Fence Viewers; Hugh Archibald, Pound Keeper; Archibald Crawford, Overseer of Roads for Meagher's Grant ; Alex. Grant, Constable for Meagher's Grant ; Peter Ogilvie, Overseer of Roads from Meagher's Grant to George Anderson's ; Peter Gordon, Constable for Meagher's Grant to George Anderson's ; Jacob IJayer, Overseer of Roads from Musquodoboit Harbour ; John Turple, Constable for Musquodoboit Harbour ; George Rayer, Overseer of Roads for Pitpiswick ; George Baker, Constable for Pitpiswick. March 5, 1806. WILLIAM LYON, Foreman. On 11th May, 1807, it having been reported to His Majesty's Council that the Grand Jury and Sessions had refused to accept a gr^nt of the piece of land on which the old Market House stood, upon the conditions which had been inserted in the grant, (probably on it being vested in Commissioners) the Governor and Council refused to alter the grant, and if not accepted by the Session it was ordered that the old building be taken down and the ground cleared and remain under the control of the Commissioners of Public Markets. This was the site on which the late City Court House was afterwards erected. 1808. In the month of April, 1808, the new Governor, Sir George Provost, arrived to take the place of Sir John Wentworth, who was allowed a retiring pension of £500 per annum. He Ilistoi'i/ of tlttllfux Citfj. 113 brought with him the 7th, the 8th ami tlie 23i'd Uejriments, con- sisting of about 3000 men, with Brigadier Oeneral liton. The Governor came in H. INI. Ship Penelope. At six o'clock on the same evening of his arrival, he landed at the King's Wharf under a salute from the IJatteries. Sir rJohn Wentworth was at his villa on the Basin — the Prince's Lodge as it was called — when his successor arrived, and did not receive the otlicial letter announcing his appointment until 18 days after the arrival of Sir (leorge Provost. On the loth April, Sir John came to town and the new Governor was sworn into ofllce. It was deemed advisalde that some trusty person should be sent to the United States to obtain information as to warlike prei)ara- tions then progressing in that country. Mr. John Howe, the postmaster at Halifax, was chosen. He proceeded to Boston and afterwards visited other parts of the Union. Mr. Howe was again dispatched on a second mission late in the fall, and on his return made a report to the Lieutenant Governor. Mr. Samuel Hood George, afterwards Sir Samuel, came out with Sir George Provost. He was appointed Provincial Secretary, and afterwards represented the County of Halifax in General Assembly. He was the eldest son of Commodore Sir Denis George, who married Miss Cochran of Halifax, and succeeded his father in the Baronetcy. This young man died early of consumption, and was succeeded both in the Baronetcy and the office of Secretary by his youngest brother Sir Rupert D. George, who remained in office until responsible government was established in the province. The ships Milan, Observateur and Centurian were stationed at Halifax during the winter. The Centurian Avas the shi[) in which Lord Ai'Hon circumnavigated the globe. She remained in the harbour as x receiving and store ship for many years, and was broken up at the Dockyard somewhere between the years 1820 and i323. Among the visitors to Halifax this year was the notorious Aaron Burr, late Vice-President of the United States. He passed under an assumed name. 1809. The winter of 1808-9 was remarkably severe. During the month of February the cold continued so long that the great expenditure of fuel was felt by all classes of the community. Much HI Kova Scotia Ilidoriail JSocieli/. ! distress prevailed amon a pistol in one hand and an ax in the other. Capt. Stairs then retreated into cabin and searched for his pistols but found them taken from his chest with a sword ; finding himself destitute of arms he again ascended the deck and saw .Jordan giving the fatal blow to the man who was on the deck, when he turned from him and presented another pistol at Capt. Stairs, which flashed when they closed and the pistol in the struggle was thrown overboard. The man who had received the wound below having reached the deck, made an effort to assist his captain, but in his attempt, from weakness, fell on his face, where he was shortly after dispatched with an ax by Jordan. In the Hcufile Capt. Stairs called upon his mate (Kelly) for assistance, whom he per-eived was in the act of loading another pistol, but who made him no answer. At which time Jordan's wife, a nt companion for so base a monster, attacked him with a boat hook which he parried with his arm, and after much exertion disengaged himself, and seizing one of the hatches, jumped into the sea. The wind blowing a strong breeze, the vessel soon left him to his precarious fate, where he remained about tiiree hours, when he was taken up by the schooner Eliza Stoddard, of Hingham, in an almost lifeless condition from wet an(>th year of the reign of King (ieorge III, a jubilee was celebrated at Halifax on the 2:Jrd October, with great ceremony. The market slip, the new tlsli nmrket and meat market were all repaired and improved this year at the cost of tT)?!, i*'»()0 of which had been voted by the Assembly for the purpose. The taxes gathered in the town for liquor licenses in IHOtJ amounted to CHOO. The Fire Insurance Association of Halifax was established on 24th April, 18()J). The first directors were Andrew Belcher, Charles Hill, Lawrence Hartshorne, Foster Hutchinson, .lames Fraser, George (irassie and H. H. Cogswell. INIr. ,1. H. Fliegar was secretary and the otiice was kept in his house in lloUis Street, where it continued to be kept for a great many years. He was succeeded by Mr. William Newton, at whose death Mr. Tremain was ap- pointed. 3Ieetings of the Committee on Trade were held during the autumn. The Halifax Marine Insurance Company first opened their otiice for business in AVater Street, opposite the fuel yard, this year. The committee of management were (Ieorge CJrassie, Jesse Woodward, Garret Miller, James Kerby, Lawrence Doyle, Lewis E. Piers, John Osborne, Thomas Deblois and John Albro'. Among the merchants of Halifax at this time we find, in addition to the above, the names of Wm. Stairs, Wm. Bremner, Hartshorne & Boggs, at the old corner of George and Granville Streets, Kidston, Dobson & Co., Richard Kenefick, who had lately brought out Irish linen goods, Forman &. Grassie, Shipping Merchants ; William Bowie, afterwards a partner of Stephen W. Deblois, and who lost his life in a duel with the late Judge Richard Uniacke, Alexander Izat, Dry Goods, at corner opposite two pumps, cornei' of Hollis and Duke Streets, now occupied by the People's Bank ; Martin Gay Black, Dry Goods ; Geo. N. Russell, afterwards Wallace & Russell, Hardware Merchant, corner of Hollis and Prince Streets, now occupied by the Union Bank building ; Temple and Lewis E. Piers, Ship Chandlery. This firm several years later * A report of these trials was published in 1810 by Mr. Bagnall at the office of the newspaper called the " Novator," taken from the notes of two students at law, Charles K. Fairbanks, afterwards Master of the Rolls, and Andrew W. Cochran, who for many years was Secretary of the Province of l^ower Canada an4 member of Coi^ncU. lliMoi'ii of iliiliJi(X (,'ifff. 117 puix'lmsed tlic irrofjulnr slinpctl lot adjoining tlu' City Court IIouhc Intely occupied by Stairs, Son & Morrow, removed a range of one story buildings or sheds known as tlic Katstail, and erected n building in which they carried on the ship chandlery business until the estab- lishment was purchased by Mr. "William Stairs. Henry Austin, afterwards a partner with William Stairs in ship chandlery. Water Street, south of the fuel yard, and John Owen, shop keeper and shipping merchant. There was a small newspaper, (pmrto size, called the "Novator" established or published Uv Halifax in 1801) by one James liagnall in Sackville Street. It was not of long continuance. Jones Fawson was Sheriff of Halifax this year. From the commencement of the year 1810 until the montii of April, 1812, there was a constant apprehensioji of a rupture with the United States. The garrison and navy enlivened the town by their frequent balls and festivities. The Rockingham Club, before mentioned, continued to have tlieir weekly dining on Saturday at the old Kockingham Hotel on the Basin. Jt was then customary for the merchants and other principal inhabitants, occasionally to give public dinners to the generals, admirals and principal ollicers of both army and navy. These dinners, as well as those of the National Societies, were held at the old Mason Hall, that building then containing the most spacious and convenient room in the city. In January, 1811, the merchants of Halifax petitioned the King, through the Lieutenant-Governor, to permit the coal mines in Nova Scotia to be opened and worked under regulations. A proposal was made this year for the formation of a Joint Stock Bank. The books for subscription were opened at the oftiee of Henry Yeomans, insurance broker, and were first signed on 13th February by the Committee of Trade, consisting of William Sabatier, Andrew Belcher, John Black, James Fraser, George Grassie, Charles R. Prescott and John Pryor. No further proceeding appears to have been taken towards this object. Much suffering as usual among the poor prevailed this winter. A society for the relief of the poor had been formed, which distributed during the year ending Uth February, 1811 : 1 HH Noca Si-otia JliHtoriail Society, •iH') conls wood which cost Vy.)\ 8(10 11(8. supir 4SM.') T) 111 '» tea 702 " rice 2'M) " (lour loGO louvc'tt bic'tul to 2iiii pcrHons 'M\ £1071) IT) G Ki}j;hty-four persoim in (listross, a\ ith theii' fainilicH, tuul others, in Ilallfiix, TrcHton, Dartmouth, C'hezzetoook, Windsor Koad and Lawrcncetown, with several faniilies In Dij^by and Shelburne, were relieved at the time from the same funds. Subscriptions raised for the above purjjoses. . . . i'255 Donations from individuals, &c :JM4 The committee in charge of this fund and its distribution were Kdwd. IJ. lirenton, Revd. Kobert Stanser, Kevd. Archibald (iray, "NV. J. Almon, M. D., Ilibbert N. liinney, John Lawson, Treasurer. On Wednesday the IDth February, a public fast was proclaimed throughout the Province, which was observed at Halifax with due solemnity. * Two tires occurred this year, one at Commissary Buildings on IloUis Street, the spot on which the Bank of Nova Scotia stands, on 18th April, and the other at Bellemont, Mr. John Howe's residence at the North "West Arm, on Gth May. Both buildings were saved. The ofHce of the Nova Scotia Marine Insurance Company was kept by Henry Yeomans, broker, of the Company. A new Marine Insurance Office had been started in February ; George (Jrassie was Chairman of the Committee of Management, and John Bonnett was Secretary. The Pkjvince Builimncj. Decisive measures were adopted this session by the Legislature for the erection of a building for the accommodation of the legislative bodies, the courts of law and the public otlices, on the site of the old Government House on Hollis Street. Commissioners were appointed and plans and elevations prepared or procured by Mr. John Merrick. Chief Justice Blowers, Mr. Speaker Wilkins and Judge Hutchinson had the planning of the interior arrangements, lll&a: Ifisforff nf Thilifnx Citff. \V.) and (roorji^e (IraHHlc, Winkwortli Allen and .lolin MiM'riok W(»re tlio coniiniHHionci'H to' orect the l)nil(linited estate of one Jonathan Clarke. Hibbert N. Hinney anci H. II • Cogswell were the churehwardens. Their adverti/.ement for tenders for the work appears in the Oazette. The smn of £'500 from the Arms Fund was at the same time «?ranted to St. (reory the Peoi)U;'8 Hank. There were four or live alonj^ the east huU; of IJrnnHwlek Street, one at the foot of Cornwallis Street, and a number in the Houth HubiirbH and other pnrta of the town ; alwo two in Harrington Street in front of the I'arade. 1814. During the winter of 181.*l-ll some distress exinted aniong the poor in the upi)er streets. 'I'liis part of the town was cliielly occupied l)y people of the lower order, and in conse(iuence of the war had become a resort for soldiers and sailors. Harrack Street, before mentioned, was known as " The Ilill " and was as well known through His Majesty's dominions for its evil reputation as the worst haunts of Plymouth or Portsnu^uth in Kngland. On the 25th February a public fast was proclaimed by the Governor, after which we do not find any further proclanuitions of this kind for many years. A press warrant was granted to Rear Admiral Grifllths on 28th February, when many of the idle and worthless vagabonds of the town were happily secured for His Majesty's service, where they would be brought under wholesome restraint. It had been arranged this spring that a residence for the Admiral of the station should be erected. The Hritish Parliament had granted the sum of £3000 for this purpose, which being found insuflicient, the House of Assembly of this province voted flfiOO towards its completion. A site was selected in the field between the Naval Hospital grounds and Gottingen Streei^^, and the present building known as Admiralty House was commenced this year, but not finished until some time after. Why the local funds of the province should have been devoted to this purpose does not clearly appear. The arrival of the English packet on 21st May furnished news of the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte and the entry of the allied armies into Paris. It being Sunday, the event was celebrated on Monday by a military review with salutes, and the whole town was illumin- ated in the evening. A military band performed during the evening on the flat roof of the old market house, long since removed to make way for the present brick structure, and the streets were crowded to a very late hour. The merchants and many of the principal inhabitants met at the Exchange Coffee House and other JJinloi'ii nf JJali/ax City, HV,\ placed, wlu!!'!' hot HiipiK'i'rt wtTf iihiiiium1 ill honor of tho occaMion. Ainonjj; thi- ('aplinvH this year was tliat of thi' Aiiu'ricaii jnivati'iT. Snap l)ra«<;on, six <^iins and 70 iiu>n, ltroii;ji;ht in \*\ II. M. Sh>op, Martin on '>lh .Inly, takon olV Saniltro Li<>;ht. and on the l.'Mli. the I'liitod States Sloo[» liattli'snake, |H jinns, l»y tlii' lA'andiT frifiali-. talvcn noar Shollainic llai'l>or. Alioiit thi> saiiio time :>1(> Hiitish piisoiKMS well' ln'oii>>lit to Halifax in Cartels fi'oni Salem in .Massa- ehiisetts. The Kattlesnake was afterwards sold and tittt'd ont as a piivateei' by merchants in Liverpool, (Queens C'onnty. The Hiitish forees havinjr captnied Washinjiton in August, IMI I. a larjje nninlier of Itlaek slaves, of both sexes, from the plantations alonji; the Potoinae and Chesapeake Hivers, who had deserted their masters, took refn<;e on board the Hritish men-of-war while they laid in Chesapeake Hay. Sir (ieor^e Cochran, the naval commander, sent them on to Halifax, where many of them arrived in September, following? in a transport ship and the Hrig .lasper. They were afterwards located at Preston and Hammond's Plains. Many of the domestic slaves remained in the town as servants, attachiii. Ho(h hrotlicrs of the Intr Hon. .loseph Ifowe, Provincial Secretary, etc. (!. Hon. William A. Ulack of the Legislative Council. 7. Mr. Barry was afterwards in the House of Asfiembly for Slielhurne : died at LaHave aged 8U years. 166 Norn Scotia Historical Soriety. l! Halifax (li; Smoked rierring in barrels, 142; Boxes, (;,42') ; Fish Oil, 40,6(58 gallons. ' 181"). The winter of 1814-1.') was more severe than the previous one. The small pox had l)roken out in the town and many persons died of it. A numl)er of the i)lack refugee negroes had been, about the month of Mav, after the removal of the prisoners, placed on Melville Island. They wore nil vaccinated to prevent the spread of the disease among them. They I'cmained here for a short time until they could be located in the country. The treaty of peace between Oreat Britain and the United States was ratified in February 181 o, and executed at (ii'.ent on the 24th December following. An immediate exchange of prisoners took place after the ratification, and many seafearing men belonging to Halifax, who had been confined in American prisons, were restored to their homes. Peace was proclaimed at Halifax on .'b'd March. This spring an Act of the Legislatiii-e passed foi- estal>lishing a Bridewell or House of Correction in Halifax. It was placed under the control of the sessions, and the old gamble-roofed l)uilding formerly used as a pooi- house, then situated at the westeiii end of the space known as the old poor house grounds, was taken for the purpose and fitted up witli cells, etc., for the r'"-^'>uei's. Tins building was taken down, having ceased to be rsed after the erection of Bock Head Prison and the Provincial Penitentiary on the North West Arm. It Avas one of the oldest buildings in the town afterwards, and was in early days the residence of Mr. Wenman, the keeper of the Asylum. When it was first Iniilt is uncertain, but being situate within the lines of the old forts, was probably a military residence of some sort during the first iWo or six years of the settlement. A regular ])olice court was this summer established in the brick Court House. ,Iohn (icorge Pyke, -lohn Howe and John Liddell were appointed i)olice magistrates. Mr. Pyke had long been custos of the county, and he and subsequently Mr. Liddell gave regular Hhfory of TIaliptx City. in: jittciulancc tit the oflleo. AFr. I'vke wjis allowed eleven shilliuos and elglit pence per day, and had three police constables at Ins command, with the additional assistance of Hawkins, a colored oentleman, who dressed in an old military nnil'onn with cap and feathers, nsnally escorted the criminals to and from the workhonse, and when occasion reqnired inflicted his '.V.^ lashes on jnvenile otYenders at the old whippin<2,' post, which stood at the sontli-west corner of the hnilding opposite Messrs. Stairs' office — a system of pnnishment less expensive than paying their hoard and lodirin«i; for eight or ten weeks from the taxes of the citizens. The Spring of 181') was very backward. The Hasin had been frozen np all wintei", and was not free from ice nntil the month of ,Inne. On the first of June the harbor was full of ice so as for an hour or two to impede the progress of the ferry boats. It was partially collected from loose ice which came down the Narrows from the Uasin, and some drift ice which was ])rougiit in in the night previously from the sea by the tide and southerly wind. There were two ferries at this time. The v,\,\)ev ferry was conducted by John Sken-y, Avhose memory is still clurished by many, ])oth in Dartmouth and Halifax, as one of the most obliging and civil men (^f his dav- Skerrv's wharf in Df^rtmouth was a short distance south of the steam boat wharf. Tiic other ferry was the proi)erty of Mr. James Creighton, known as the Lower Ferry, situate to the south of Mott's Factory. It was conducted for Mr. Creighton by deputy and was afterwards held under lease l>y Joseph Findlay, the last man who ran a ferry boat with sails and oars in Halifax Harbor. These ferry boats were furnished with a lug sail and two and sometimes four oars. They were large clumsy boats. and oecui)ied some tliirty or forty minutes in making the passage across the harbor. Tiiere were no regular trips at appointed hours. When the boat arrived at either oide the ferryman blew his horn (a conch shell) and would not start again initil h.- ' a(l a full freight of passengers. The sound of the conch and the cry of ''Over! Over! " was the signal to go on board. The boats for both ferries landed at the Market Slip at Halifax. An act of the Legislature had been ol)tained this session to incorporate a Steaml)oat Company with an exclusive privdege of the feriy between Halifax and Uartmouth for -J'* years. Thev could not succeed in getting up a 16« Xova Scotia HistoTiral SocipIi/. ii •I i' oompany, steam navigation being then in its infancy, and in tiie following year had the act amended to permit them to rnu a boat by horses to be called the Teamboat. This boat consisted of two boats or hnlls united by a platform with a paddle between the boats. The declc was surmounted by a round house which coii<^ained a large cogwheel, arranged horizontally inside the round house, to which were attached 8 or 9 horses harnessed to iron stanchions coming down from the wheel. As the horses moved round, the wheel turned a crank which moved the paddle. It required about twenty minutes for this boat to reach Daitmonth from Halifax. It was considered an immense improvement on the old ferry boat arrange- ment, and the additional accommodation for cattle, carriages and horses was a great boon to the country people as well as to the citizens of Halifax, who heretofore had been compelled to employ Skerry's scow when it was found necessary to cany cattle or carriages from one side of the harl)or to the other. The first trip of the Teamboat was made on the 8th November, 1810. The following year an outrage was committed which caused much excite- ment and feeling in the town. All the eight horses in the boat were stal)bed bv a voung man named Hurst. No motive for this oruel act could l)e assigned, drunkenness alone appearing to be the cause. The culprit was tried for the offence and suffered a lengthy imprisonment. Mr. Skerry kept up a contest with the Con >any for several years, until all differences were arranged by his becoming united with the Company, and after a short time old age and a small fortune, accumulated ])y honest industry, removed him from the scene of his labors. The teamboat after a year or two received an addition to her speed by the erection of a mast in the centre of the rouna house, on whicli was hoisted a square sail when the wind was fair, and afterwards a topsail above, which gave her a most picturesque appearance on the water. This addition considerably facilitated her motion and relieved the horses from their hard labor. As traffic increased several small paddle l)oats were added by the Company, which received the appellation of Grinders. They had paddles at the sides like a steamboat, which were moved by a crank turned by two men. In 1818 the proprietors of the old ferries petitioned the House of Assembly against the Teamboat Company suing these small boats as contrary to the privilege given them by Ilixtor;/ of Halifax Cifff. !()!» the Act of Incorporation. It afterwards became a subject of litigation until the (inestion was put an end to by Mr. Skerrv becoming connected with the Company. Jos. Findlay continued to run his old boats from the south or lower ferry until about the year 1H35. On the .'Ird August, the Man-of-AVar IJrig Vesta ".rrived from England with the news of the Battle of AVaterloo. The town was illuminated in honor of the victory, and the inhabitants kept up their rejoicings till a late hour in the evening. Preparations were made for a public dinner on the occasion, which look place at Mason Hall on the loth. The Attorney General, R. J. Uniacke, took the chair and James Forman was Vice-President. The committee of manajre- ment were Doctor William B. Almon, John Pyke, eldest son of old John Geo. Pyke, the eustos. David Shaw Clarke, G. Lewis and John Howe, junior, John Albro, Thomas Ueaviside, Edward Ali)ort, Joseph Allison and William Bowie were the Stewards. Subscriptions had been opened throughout Great Britain and the Colonies for the families of those soldiers who were killed and Avounded in the action. The Town of Halifax including the garrison and public otlicers contributed the large sum of £o,800. This year an Act of the Legislature passed for regulating the appointment of Trustees and Master for the Grannnar School of Halifax. The first Act establishing this school bears date 1780. The refugee Negroes brought to Halifax by Admiral Coekbuvn had been in a great measure a burden upon the conniiunit}'. A proposition was made this year by the British Government to remove them to a warmer climate, but no steps appear to have been taken to effect tiie object. Had this suggestion been carried out at the time much suffering would have been spared to these poor peoi)le, and the inhabitants of Halifax relieved from a burden. On 26th February a resolution passed the House of Assembly directing the conuniswioners of the poor to cause an account to be taken of the number of black persons in the Town and the environs, who were brou^':ht to this country fron; the United States of America. The following return, dated March t)th, was signed by Richard Tremaiae, Chairman of the Commiltee : 170 Xura >ifotii.i, Jli.shti'ioU ^Socicti/, Men. Women. Childron. Total. Jn the Town of llaiifjix IT'.i ')() 101 :\M Winds. M load 11 14 "iC. T.l i)tirlmi/uth and Pioston ... . . ... :i70 JVlr. i' janks' Kstatc ;ii I .ake Porter ... . . ... 27 iji The n)< 11 and women with families were "euerallv in need : none appear to ha\X' been located at Ilanunonds Pl.-'ins at this tinu'. flames Archibald was tried for the uun-der of Captain IJenjamin EUenwood of Liverpool, X. S., before Chief .Justice lilowers, in Kaster term of the Supreme Court at Halifax this year. He was convicted and executed soon after on the Common. Another attempt to incorporate Halifax Avas now made. It will be seen that in 178;') the merchants of the town suggested the subject for the considei'ation of the Governor and Council, but they disapproved of the measure; again in 171)0, the Si)eaker of the House ol" Assenddy, in consequence of complaints regarding the settlement of the poor and the neeessit}' of a police force, etc., drew up the following resolutic n, which was passed : " Resolved, that it '' be recommended to this House t' i)res 'i-.t a hund)le address to His '' Kxcellency the Lieutenant (Jovrnor, to request that he will be " pleased to grant a charter to thi' Town of ilaliiax for incori)or- " ating the same, and enabling the inhabitants thereof to nudvc such '- by-laws as shall be sufllcient to regulate the police of said town." No step, however, was taken ])y the Governor and Council relative to this resolution. 5 The merchants of the town had a meeting on the subject in IBK!, which resulted in a delinite proposition being nnide, in Avhich all thf details of the proposed charter were fully set out in a pamphlet of some length. The following preface or introaiictioii to ->t oi' it. It will be necessary to have an Act of the (ieneral Asseuii.l. to confirm the Charter when first granted, and on every reuevv ■i.4' Air. S.iltaliri' iind ;i \'v\\ otlu'i's wvvv itriiicipnlly coiict'iiu'd in rii(li';)\(.riii^ l<) ro!\v;ire reaction was not fully realized until ahout two years after peace was proclaimed, when tlu' rapid fall off in the \ahie of real estate and the sU(Men check uiven to connaereial pinsnils was found to have i-educed many specidatois to [)o\-erty. Sir John Cope Sherlti'ooke havinir lieen ai)pointeil (ioNciiior (!(Mieral of Canada, the principal inhaliilants of the town iiasc Jiim a farewell dinner on 2.'>th .June. It was presided o\ci' li\ Clijcf .liistioe lllowers and the vice chair wa- occupied liy .Midiael W'idlace. the treasurer of the province. An :id(h'ess, largely siiiutd l>y tiie inliahitants, was presented to ihe ( lovernor on his departure. Sir .John had rendered himself M-rypopidar in Halifax hy his affaMe manners ami his pi-ompt and deeisive way of ireatin'j, all matters lintuiiht )o his notice by the ('111/'^^^. lie cmliarKcd al the Kind's wharf on Tliiirsday, 27lh .lune, under a valule fi'om the l>atterie>^ and the cheers of the inhabitants. 'i'he rouLih condition o\' ihe streets of the town at this pei'iod r(Midere(l immediate^ •.'■.■.d extensive* impi'ovements nece-sary. Those in the least fr jiieided parts of the town had lieeii so much iu\ti'lected that iii many places lliey were iiiipassaJile from Hie accumulation of ndilti^h and the lirokeu condition of the wooden platfoi'ms or briduc^s at the mitlei's and crossiniLis. 'u many jdaees the streets were ovei'ii'rown with ;j,ra >; cxcepl in ihe eenlre. Krunswick Slr(>et. thouLiii one of the principal h'lihways of the town, was overii'rowu at each side with '.tra^s. Alany ol' the old Dutch houses then still remaining!,' in this sli'eel slood on hank^a few feet above the sidewalk' and wIkm'i' there were no Iniildin-is rou'di 174 Xnrn Scnti'fi H/sloricdl Snch'ti/. i! ij ' ['^^ stono walls or foncos maikod the lino of tho stroot. Wator Stivot, from the contiiiual trnllic and utMir dnrinji; tlu> period of tlio Avar, had been worn into holes and was in wet weather almost imi)aH8al)le from the aecnmulation of mud, particularly between the Ordnance Yard and the foot of Prince Street. The market square at this time, as also that portion of Water Street between Collins' Wharf and the Kinislature contributed the sum of €1,'2()y the death of HiHhop Charles Inolis, took place in 1H17. IntercHt had been nuide with Lord Itatlnirst, the Colonial Secretary, and the Archl>ishop of Canterltury to have Dr. .lohn InjjliH, son of the hite Hishop, ippointed to the See. The sippointinent was said to have been arranjjed in favor of Dr. Inlain, pre\ lih'd, an; tried and oonvieted of the ninrder, were exeented on tlie Common. The Nova Scotia Fensible Uegiment, after the close of the war, remained in Canada for some time. Early in June of this year they embarked at (Jnebec for Halifax. The transport in approachino; Halifax ran upon a reef of rocks known as .Teddore ledges, Avhich lies off the harbour of that name eastward from Halifax. The weather was calm and the troops Avere landed in safety, with the exception of four private soldiers, two women and several children, but with the loss of considerable part of the baa«;e. It was found on landinjrj; the men that the tide was ri«lnp;, and that in all probability the opoater part of the ledp;e would be covered at hi' that Colonel Darlinti, who commanded tlie Rep;iment, and several of the oflicers were intendini; to avail themselves of the hip;her parts of the led<>e, immediately declared that all oflicers should be compelled to remain witii their respective companies and share the fate of their men. One oflicer, a captain, is said to have shown symptoms of impatience or somethinii; worse on the occasion, and abandoned his wife and family and his men, seekino- shelter for himself on the rocks jnnidst the reproaches and jeers of his comrades. The IJeoiment was, however, successfully landed on the ledoes, chiefly throuQ;h the heroic exertions of the Adjutant-Lieutenant Stewart, who volunteered to carry a cable from the bowsprit of the ship to the rock, when havin«; ther. made it fast the sailors were enabled to construct means for landinii; the men in safety. Part of the Reoiment was brou2;hl to Halifax in coastinii; vessels about the first July, and others found their way by land, having been brought on shore froni the rocks by the fishermen of the neighbourhood. Col. Darling and some others being displeased at all the credit of the exploit being attached to Lt. Stewart, who was probably not a favorite of the Colonel, brought him to a Cotn't- Martial for some trifling offence supposed to have been a breach of orders, and it is said he Avas compelled to leave the Regiment. Two very extensive fires occurred at Halifax this year. One on the 8th October, remembered as the '' Halilmrton" fire in conse- i^ Jti.-ilnrii of Uuiifcx L'il'i. 1 t I (luciiee of tlie l»ik*k IjiiiUliiig tit the ooiner of llollis luul SsickvilU* Streets owned by Mr. (Jeurgo llaliburtoii, having been the lirst house eonsnniecl. Tlie lire destroyed nearly the whole block from llaliburton's corner to where 3Irs. Howard's new stone building stands, on the east or lower side of llollis street. All the buildings on Sackville Street down to the corner known as Reynolds' corner, and the Avhole of the buildings on the upper or Western side of Bedford How were consumed. The lire commenced at ten o'clock in the evening arid continued to rage until six o'clock next morning. It was considered the most disastrous lire that had ever occurred in Halifax. The old buildings were all of wood except llaliburton's corner house. The Ijlock was soon rebuilt with a better description of buildings. Mr. W. K. Reynolds erected a line stone store at the corner of Sackville Street and IJedford Row, which still remains ; this was far the llncst store in Halifax at the time. A range of 1)rick buildings along liedford Row were at the same time erected by the late Nicholas \'ass. Haliburton's corner was also rebuilt of brick, and the buildings on HoUis street, the property of Mr. LeNoir and others, Avere built about the same time by the late •ludge William Hill and his brother T. T. Hill, then both at the Halifax Bar. Several old wooden houses were pulled down during the lire by order of the llrcAvards to [ireveut the s[)read of the lire. The town was assessed to pay the damage. The other lire was on Water Street at Creightoii and Clrassie's wharf. It occurred iii the night of 17th December, during xcry cold weather. All the stores at and near the head of the wharf were consumed, and the lire extended to buildings on the op[)osite side of the street. Mr. Grassie rebuilt with brick and stone, and afterwards lined the shutters of his new store with sheet iron. The Karl of Dalhousie, a Scotch noblcnmn, who had distinguished himself in the Spanish campaign as a general of Divisii' under l^ord Wellington, had been appointed to succeed Sir .') Cope Sherbrooke in the CJovcrnment. He arrived in Halifax on 24th October, liSlG, in the Frigate Forthe. Lord and Lady Dalhousie, immediately after their arrival, landed in state and proceeded to the Council Chamber under a salute from the Citadel attended by the heads of Depaitmeuts, civil and military, when the Earl was sworu l||i 178 xVuftt iScotla Jlistui'ical ISocldy. t into ollice in presence of His Majesty's Council. The troops lined the way from the King's wharf to Cochran's building where the Council Chamber was then situated. There had been no theatrical performances worthy of mention in the town since the Duke of Kent's old theatre in Argyle Street had been appropriated to the school under Mr. Bromley. In the autumn of this year a company of players, Messrs. Price, Chamock, Placide, etc., fitted up an old store on Fairbank's wharf as a theatre. Placide, Price and Mrs. Young were considered good performers and attracted large audiences. At the close of their career the manager got into jail for debt, when Placide, the best comic aetor of the company, distinguished himself by escaping from prison and passing the sentry at the jail gate in the night, who supposed it was a Newfoundland dog, Mr. Placide being famous for imitating the bark and whine of the canine species. 1817. The winter of 1816-17 was much more severe than that '^f the preceding year. The south-east passage was closed with ice all winter, and the ice remained until late in April. Great distress prevailed in the town as usual n»nong the laboring classes during this winter, which was also the < throughout the whole Province; The sum of £600 was contributed this winter by the inhabitants of Halifax for the support of destitute emigrants who had been brought up from Newfoundland. An attempt was made by the Legislature in their session of 1817 to relieve the pressing necessities of the county by an Act authoriz- ing the Governor and Council to procure copper coin to the value of £2,000 to be issued from the provincial treasury. The Act was disallowed by the Colonial Secretary in England. No good reason appears to have been assigned for its rejection. The circulating medium at this time in the town and throughout the country was Spanish doubloons, old Spanish dollars, pistareens and other small Spanish coins, with a mixed collection of copper coinage, English and Spanish, with all kinds of half-penny tokens issued by private individuals in the town. No British coinage ever reached Halifax except the old English Guinea. The troops were paid in old Spanish money, which was brought from South America and the West Indies by the merchants in exchange for their cargoes of fish with occasional importations of Spanish silver by the British t UihUh'ii nf JIalijax CV///. 17'.> (iovcrnmeut for tlie troops, ute. An issue of papor iiionoy was at this time made uiuler an Act of the province. It was in the year 1817 that the project was lirst broached for the establisliment and erection of a college on the Grand Parade. The sum of i:j>,7rjO was then remaining in the hands of the Governor from the revenues cellectcd at Castine while the State of ]Maiuc was in the hands of the British troops. This sum Lord Dalhousie obtained the permission of the Colonial Secretary to appropriate towards the erection of a college in Halifax on the model of the Scotch Universities. The professors were to receive moderate salaries. The students were not to reside in the collesfe building, but only to attend courses of lectures which were to be open to all students and all else who might feel disposed to purchase tickets for the courses. This winter the theatre on Fairbanks' wharf was again in operation and as attractive as ever. Miss Powell was at this time giving lessons in dancing. She gave her spring ball at Mason Hall on 21st May. This lady, who .vas patronized by the fashionable part of the community, was the daughter of Mr. Powell who conducted the theatre in Argyle Street when under the patronage of the Duke of Kent. She lived many years in Halifax and died at an advanced age, having been dependent on the charity of her friends for several years before her death. The naval force on the station had now been reduced to a few ships under the command of Rear Admiral Sir David Milne, father of Vice-Admiral Sir Alexander Milne, who some time since commanded on the North American Station. Sir David's flagship was the Leopard, Frigate. It may here be noticed that the British and Foreign Bible Society had lately organized a branch in Halifax. The second annual meeting of the branch society took place on the 5th May. It was attended by the Earl of Dalhousie, who occupied the chair, and a number of officials. The chief speakers on the occasion were Judge James Stewart, the Rev. Dr. Archibald Gray, of St. Matthew's, and Judge Wilkius. Martin Gay Black was treasurer and Walter Bromley, secretary. Mr. Black continued to act as treasurer of this society to the year of his death. The Speaker of the House of t ■( -■'-, 180 Xora Sfitliii JJishn'i'iil >Sin'irlif. A.sscml)ly :iiul ii luuiihci' ol" Uic mt'iiiltcrs ot llic House wltc also prL'seiil on lliis occasion. Tlic grout tlestitution of the laboring [)art of tlio i)oi)iilation timing tlie ^vinter, as usual, lenilerctl it necessary on belialf of llie Commissioners of the Poor for the town to call ou the inhabitants for contributions in addition to the annual poor rate assessed. The l»oor Jiouse at Halifax was then, as has been the case freciuently since, tlie rece[)tacle for transient pau^jcrs from tlie country, and tlie sum of f oOO was voted this year by tiie House of .Vssembly towards the expenses of the establishment. Tlie charitable societies of St. Patrick and St. AntU'ew dined together on tlie respective anniversaries of their patron saints. Pichaid .1. Uniacke, the Attorney General, occupied the chair at the St. Patrick's dinner, and Dr. Samuel Head the Vice. The Governor, Mr. Philip AVoodhouse, the Commissioner of the Dock- yard, the Bishop of Nova Scotia, the Commanding O/Mcers of the (Jarrisoii and other distinguished guests were present at both dinners. A lire occurred in the southern part of Granville Street this winter, which destroyed the chocolate manufactory of IVIr. John Ferguson and his dwelling house. The fire companies of Halifax at this time were, perhaps, the most useful institutions in the community. These companies consisted of several hundred gentlemen each, who formed themselves into a company for the purpose of rendering assistance at ilres. Each member provided himself Avith a leather cap, two or three buckets, canvas bags, etc., on Avhich were painted the name of the owner and device of the company. The members were elected by ballot. They held ({uarterly meetings and occasionally dined together, and gave annual balls at Mason Hall. The Heart and Hand and the Hand in Hand Companies were the oldest, but the Suntlre Company was the most exclusive. The Phomix Company was also very ellicieut, being comi)osed chiefly of young tradesmen of the town. The Engine Company Avas a very ancient institution, and tolerably elllcient, considering the kind of machinery they had to work with. The Axe Company, as now, was composed of carpenters and others suitable for such work at lires. It was customary for the soldiers in garrison to turn out at lires and form lines with the iuhabitauts for the conveyance oif IThfon/ of JTuHfoy Cihj, idi ISO water by buckets, handed tliroiiuh the lines from the harboi- or the wells and tanks of the town. One feature whleh is noAv nevei- seen at fires was the "uard whleh was furnished bv the niHitarv to take char<;e of the property removed to the streets from the l»urnlnfi' houses. Seareely a pile of furniture or <>;oods could be ol)serYe(l without a sentry over it with Mxed bnyonet paeiuu' up and down. The supply of water was principally drawn from the wells and pumps which were kept in ordor by the Majiistrates of the town. These pumps hnve been before noticed. The inhaldtants of the subur]»8, however, depended for %ou(\ water on their private wells. Almost every house in lirunswick and Loekmau Streets had a th May, a nightly watch was established by order of the Governor and Council for three months. 1 184 Nova Scotia Historical Socifttf. I "5 si 'i a it Duriu^ tlie Hprinjj; of 1818 and the pioviouH tiiituinn, Hevcnvl vessels arrived in this port with einijiraiits from Fiirope, many of whom were found to be in a most destitute condition. They could not bo permitted to remain a bunlen on the town and the (lovernor and Council advanced funds to assist their removal to the country, and Mr. Samuel Cunard and Mr. Michael Tobin were intrusted with the funds for tiie purpose. " On the 0th February there remained of these emigrants in " town only 20 families and .'iO sinjjjlc men. Their distress and " that of the humbler classes in the town this winter inchiced " the Ciovernor to place €100 more in the hands of Messrs. Tobin and Cunard to be used by them to mitip;ate the sufferino; of the poor in general. They, in consequence, established for a time " a public soup house, beginning with ')0 gallons of soup a day; "■ but in three days they were obliged to double the <|uantity, " finding that oO pounds beef and vegetables, producing 100 " gallons a day, did not more than answer the demand. The " lifting up of the place and eight days' issue cost over £nO, and "'■ they supposed the money would be all gone in a fortnight more. " They attended constantly in person at the daily issues and say '' that r>00 daily partook of the gift. They estimated that i'200 '* more would be re(iuired to keep up the establishment until the *' pressure of want should be alleviated in some other way. The " lirst .€r>0 was paid out of the Arms Fund, £100 from the Treasury, " and the House voted £200 on 10th February for temporary relief " of the poor at Halifax." — [Murdoch.] Eight armed fishing vessels were seized this summer by the ships of Avar on the station, and brought into the Harbor of Halifax. Five were released and three condemned in the Court of ^Mee- Admiralty. A general election occurred this year, The poll for the County and Town of Halifax was opened at the County Court House on Monday, 15th June, and coutinned until Wednesday, when one of the candidates, Mr. Richard Kidstou, having withdrawn, the other two, Mr. John Albro' and Mr. H. H. Cogswell were returned. Capt. Thomas Maynard, R. N., was Sheriff this year. He resided in the old house in Jacob Street formerlv known as the (Irenadier -'■-'4 IJislui'l i>l' lliilifnx (.'il'l. I Hit Kort, wliii'li filouil oil llic spot whi-rc llic Trinity C'linicli litis siiiec Itct'ii eiirtoil. Aiiioiiji; tlu! cvt'iits of the year worlliy of iiotico was the appoar- aiK'c ol' Aiilhoiiy II. llollaiuU proprietor of tlie Aoadian Heconler iiewspajier, (wliieii iiad been estabiiHiied in \Hl'A) at the Bar of the Assenilily to answer eharjies of haviii}:; published severe animad- versions on ]uililie altaiis, paiticiihuly from some remarks relative to Kdward Mortimer, one of the Count v members, for wliieli Mr. Holland snlYered a short imprisonment. This atlair, with the letters of Aiirieola, wliieh now bepin to appear in the same paper brought that paper into public notice. A lUll was introduced into the House of Assembly this session by ^Ir. 8huw, who resided near the Three Mile House, for lighting AVater Street, but it does not appear that the object was effected. Pai)er money, issued from the Provincial Treasury, had been for some time in circulation and had to some extent taken tlie place of the Spanish Silver, which had been, heretofore, the only circulating medium in the town. During the month of February this year, the harbor was blocked up with float ice as far down as (leorge's Island. IJctween KUh and 20th, persons crossed from Dartmouth on the ice at the Narrows. In the "good old days when George the Third M'as king," his birthday, the 4th June, was celebrated with great enthusiasm at Halifax. A levy at Government House, a review of the troops, and sometimes the militia on the connuon, and a royal salute from the Battery and shipping in harbor, terminating Avith a ball in the evening. This year the ollicers of the Ord Halifax militia regiment gave a dinner at the Exchange ColYee House in the large room lately occu- pied by the Corporation as a Council Chamber. The North British Society also dined together ou St. Andrew's day at Masons' hall. Lord Dalhousie, and all the heads of departments, civil and military, and Bishop Burke attended. Judge Brenton Halliburton Avas Pi-esident, and Geo. Mitchell Vice-president. Dr. Burke had been officiating priest at St. Peter's, the old Roman Catholic church which stood ou the present St. Mary's grounds at the head of Salter Street. He was this year appointed Bishop for this province under the title of Bishop of Ziou. He was consecrated INC. Xocii, Snotfii, IJf.stnrii:iitl llu spiu't- on which Ihf Snii'iii C'hiiiK-l stood. Cknsis of tiik Town hi IIami ax, takin I.skmt. Men, :nil, limit's niulei- \i) yrais of ji«j;i', l>|-.>(), Total iiialis :»2.l I Koiiialcs, total .-,177 11)111 Colored |)oi»iiUitioii, males .'J'Jl, leiuales oiM 7 1.'» Total populiitlon of the town 11 15(J Memo: — Population in 1752, — I2li). " '' 171M, — lt(l)7. In the spriui; of IHU) the excavations at the north end of the (Jnind Parade Avere commenced for the erection of Dalhousie Colleire. A grant under the great seal of the province, of a i)art of the parade ground had been made to Trustees as a site for the college in Aug- ust IH18. The lA^gislature at their sitting in Feltruary, voted i*2U00 towards the erection of the building and a sum of 1*3000, l)art of the Ctistine fund before mentioned, was also api)ropriiited to the building, the balance together with an additional vote of £2000 from the i)rovince being invested for the support of the college. The space known as the Clranentleuu'n voliinleered in each wai'd to visit the poor tlirouiihout the winter months. .V souj) house was estalilished, and other arran^'ements made to meet the objects iutendeil. This society continuetl for nl>out six or sevi'u years. In 1^21 IJeamish Murdoch was its secretary. Tlu' I'ollowinu" yeai- William Youn;^' (the late Chief .Justice) was actinu' secretary. A lar<2;e issue of paper money by the [)rovince took place in l.s2(>. Silver chan|j,e was almost driven out of circulation by the issue of small notes, many at one dollar, at 'is. (td., and oven at Is. ;»d. Those notes were issued by [)rivate individuals ui)on Iheii- own credit and responsibility. Those of AVilliam l.awson and Adam KiSSOn wore the most numerous. The doubloon Avas ;d this time established at t'l currency, and the vSpanish dollar tit live shiilintis. The [)rico of Hour had fallen to twenty-seven shillings and six pence per barrel. An anonymous pam[)ldet was i)nblishod from the i)ross of A. 11. Holland. ohargin«i- the magistrates of the town with malpractices, ■which caused nnich excitement. It was discovered to have been written by Mr. AVilliam AVilkie, of Halifax. Ho was indicted for libel, tried at the Faster term of the Su|)romo Court, found guilty and sentenced to two years imi)risonmont with hard labor in the House of Correction. . This was esteemed a mos. tyrannical and eruel proceeding on the part of the government. The pamphlet was a vorv paltrv offonce, such as :it the present dav would be passed over with contempt. Wilkie, though not a person of much osteom, yet being a mend)or of a rosi)ectable family in the eom- numity, should have boon spared the nidignities thrown ui)on him by Chief Justice lilowors and the other Judges of the Supreme 196 Xoi'o Srotiii Tlisforicaf Soeiet;/. ! I U •1 ; Court. After the Heutence was known, the sympathy in his favor was very general throughout the town. The reaction after the peace had reduced the price of agricultural produce, not only in Halifax but throughout the province. The West India trade, then the chief branch of commerce, had begun again to be prosperous, and the merchants were looking forward to profitable voyages. But the value of real estate had so fallen that sales were made in the body of the town for much less than half the cost of the buildings. This state of things continued for several years, and very few ncAv buildings were erected between 1819 and 1823. The population was about l."),000, but the number of houses did not exceed 1,000. The market square at this period presented a very ditt'ereut appearance from what it does at present. A low wooden building stood on the site of the present brick market house. The roof was originally flat and afterwards a pitched roof was added. The butchers' stalls in this old building were very convenient, perhaps more so than those in the new market house. The cellars of this building fronting on Water Street were let for the beneflt of the town, and the south end was, some time after this, occupied by Mr. Alexander McLeod as a liquor store and grocery for many years. The ground in front of the market wharf and market slip was much lower than at present, and also that part of Water Street between the old City Court House and Stayner's Wharf, all which was filled up about 1830 or, perhaps, a year or two later. A range of shops under the Court House before this alteration in the streets afiforded a large revenue to the town, but their value as places of business was destroyed when the street was raised, an^ though partially occupied afterwards, they proved damp and unfit for storage of goods. The truckmen, who were then very num- erous, ranged their trucks and carts in lines in the square fronting the meat market (there being no other stand allowed) and in cold weather they might be seen, in the afternoons, when not engaged in trucking, amusing themselves with the game of football. Two liquor stores, one at the head of the market, on Beamish's Wharf, and the other at the opposite corner, now known as Laidlaw's corner, kept by Samuel and David Muirhead, were the chief places where spirits and beer were retailed to the truckmen Hhtory of Halifax Cihf. 1»7 and fishermen. In front of these shops were ranges of npple and pake stalls kept by old women, where also gull eggs and lobsters boiled hard could be had by the fishermen and shallop men from the wharves. The red woollen night cap was generally worn in those days by the market fishermen and the people from the coasting vessels. The sidewalks throughout the town with the exception of part of Water Street, wore all of wood. The old platform on George Street, between Granville and IloUis Streets, was known as Ilarts- horne's platform. Messrs. Ilartshorno «& Hoggs occupied a range of wooden buildings at the corner of Granville Street, since replaced by the stone building erected by George E. INIorton and now occupied by Knowles' Bookstore. On the lower corner, known as Martin Gay Black's corner, there stood an old gamble-roofed house on a high green bank occupied by jMrs. Hart as a dry goods store, and afterwards by T. & S. Greenwood, watchmakers. This old building was about this time replaced by another which afterwards made way for the handsome free stone building erected by the late Martin Gay Black.* This platform was the resort of merchants and others who congregated there in the mornings for a short walk and to talk over the news. A large ship gun did duty as a post at Hartshorne & Boggs' corner, and another at Black's, and formed a neucleus for loungers — not smokers, for smoking was strictly pro- hibited in the streets of Halifax at this time by the Magistrates of the town. Opposite, near the Province Building rail, was the old town pump mentioned above, known as Black's pump, remarkable for its good water, where dozens of boys and girls might l>e seen towards evening getting water for tea. The old wooden range known as Cochran's building, which occupied the site of the present Dominion building, had beer only lately evacuated by the Legisla- tive Assemblies and the Courts of Law, and was now being fitted up for shops. Among those who first occupied shops in this building were Winkworth Allen, who afterwards went to England, Mr. David Hare, who afterwards became the purchaser of the property ; "NV. A. Mackinlay, on the north side, and Clement H. Belcher, at the north-west corner, both well known stationers and * This fine stone building has been since pulled down and a new building for the accommodation of the Merchants' Bank now occupies the corner. I 198 Xni'd Svoti'd fflstnn'rifl Suri'eftf. hooksollorH, oociipicd llioir ivspoctivc shops !i lon<; timo, tlio latter for nion* than twoiily years. At thi> o[)p(>site coi'Ium', to llu' south, on llollis Street, stood a hii'iu'e three stoi-y ItiiMdin^ erected Ity the hite .lames Hamilton, who caiTii'd on an extensive dry ^'oods business. It was afterwards sold to Ilni-ns iV. Murray, who erected the i)rescnt handsonu' fi-eestone edilice on the cornel'. .Mr. William A. IJIack kept his watchmaker's estaltlishmeid at the corner below, now occupied by the 1*. Walsh Hardware Co. 'I'he old Halifax Journal oliice occupied a wooden building' at the corner of (loorji'e and (Iranville Streets, where the stone store of 'I'. vV. K. Kenny now is. .Mr. Ueiijamin letter had his watchmaker's shop at the corner of (Jeoru'c and IJarrinuton Streets, now known as Crosskill's corner, in the same old wooden buildinji which has since under<«;on(! extensive alterations. .Mrs. Donaldson (>arried on the confectionery business at the corner opposite and was succeeded by ,\dnm Ksson. Thore were two Donaldsons, both confectioners, whose wives carried on the business after the death of their husbands and acoumulaled lar; the war. 'I'he ])arad(' nnd was surrounded Ity a hiari'in |»r<'« of one story with !i little shop :it the corner occnpied hy n woithy old iinni, .hinies Smith, who held the <»llice of DcMcon of St. .M:itth(>w's Preshyterinn Church, o[tposite. 'I'he other deacon was .lames Dechman, senior, who was for many years keeper of the town clock, and residoone to their rest. 'I'he latter was father of the late .lames Declnnan. of Halifax, masti>r carpenter, who dielsh(»p Street. The |{(>v. Dr. Archiltald (iray* was minister of St. Matthew's at this time. His place of resinildinti', now known as the Acadian Hoti^l. Seveial Imildinji's Itoth in Ilollis and (iranville Streets, riMnnants of thi> lirst settlement, stood on hii;h Ljrassy 'aanks with porches and steps ontsid(> and ceilai' doors on the side of the hank with ]tlMnk platfoiins over the jiutters ; the porclies and steps fietpiently projt>ctin;^' out on tlie side path. The Hon. .lohn IJlack, a short tim»' previous to the year IS21, huill lh(> line licitor-Oenerftl, afterwards Master of the Rolls in Clmneery, son-in-hiw of Mr. Lawson, had jnst erected the line brick building since occnpied as a boarding school for yonng ladies. The late Sanniel Lydiard Hrcwer built the iron stone house of three stories south of ]Mr. Uinney's residence about the same time. The residence of the Hon. Michael Wallace, Treasurer of the Province, was in Mollis Street immediately opposite the Government House. It was a wooden building and considered a first class residence in its time ; now altered into two separate dwelling houses. Trees were common in the streets of Halifax at this period as 1ms been before mentioned. The stone building in Morris Street, the residence of Chief Justice Sir Hrenton Halliburton, then Judge Halliburton, had been erected some years before this. Judge Stewart, his brother-in-law, built the yellov.- brick building at the north-west corner of Hollis & Morris Streets, now the residence of a gentleman of the same name, son of Hon. Alexander Stewart, late Master of the Rolls and .Fudgo of Admiralty. The Hon. Thos. N. Jeffery, Collector of the Customs, built and resided in the building later occupied by Mrs. James Donaldson. The late Hishop Inglis, then Rector of St. Paul's, owned and oecnpied the low wooden building nearly opposite Mr. Jeflfery's, since the residence of Mr. Hagarty. At the corner, opposite Judge Stewart's, was the old gamble roofed house, the residence of James B. Franklin, sou of Governor Franklin. This old fashioned house still remains as one of the few relics of the early town. The Hon. Charles Morris built a handsome wooden dwelling house on the south side of Morris Street, between Hollis and Water Streets, afterwards the property of Hon. S. G. W. Archibald, Attorney-General and Speaker of the House of Assembly ; since his death occupied as a boarding house. The late John Trider aoout the same time built his rough stone house at Freshwater Bridge. The late John Tremain had a Ropewalk adjoining his residence on the south side of the road leading up from Freshwater Bridge, now known as Inglis Street. This property was afterwards purchased by James Forman, Junior, and the old ropewalk building removed. The residence of Major Bazelgette at the head of this street had been originally constructed by John Trider from the materials pf the old I tlintnt'ti i)f HiiUjux Cihi. ;oi Government Iloiitjc which had lu-on removed and the mnteriali* Hohl to make way for the foundation of tlie Province Hniidin^. It after- Avards became the property of the late .lohn Moody, a merchant in the town, who sold it to Major Hazcljj;etto about the year 1H17 or 1818, who added to the building and iniproved the jfronndw. Mr. Moody purcliased the adjoininj; grounds and erecte«l a new h«>uisi' ; after hi8 faihirc hiu residence was purclmsed by lion. Knos Collins, who improved the property and beautllled the surrounding grounds. Old Fresh Water Bridge, so well known in former times, crossed the stream from Smith's Tanyard nearly in the same place as the present abutment. It was a rickety old wooden structure with a rough curb or rail. It was a favorite resort of the young of both sexes on Sundays and summer evenings, and the old wooden rail was covered with names and initial letters carved with the pen knife by visitors. The walk down Pleasant Street and up the road now known as Inglis Street and round the new road, as the Tower Road was then called to Pyke's Bridge, and thence down Spring Garden Koad to (rovernment House, was the fashionable promenade for all classes on Sundays and holidays. The old English Burial ground was then surrounded by a high, rough stone wall, built without mor- tar, which was removed some years after the new cemetery on Camp Hill was consecrated. The Governor's garden up Spring Garden Road adjoining the burial ground extended as far as the General's quarters. A portion of this Held was taken for the site of the new Court House and County Jail. The new Poor House in the opposite space, then lately erected, was a rough stone building whitewashed on the outside, but the Work House or House of Cor- rection was the old gamble roof building probably originally erected as a soldiers' barracks in the days of the forts, and afterwards used as a Poor House. All these buildings have been since removed and the ground sold to private speculators, a step much to be regretted, as the space was very extensive and the most eligible situation for a public building in the whole city. The Poor House Burial Ground, at the corner opposite the present new Court House, was at this time a standing nuisance in consequence of the want of drainage and the careless manner in which bodies of paupers were interred. After the law for closing all places of burial in the city had been cai-ried into operation, this \\\ ■2U-2 Xoi'ii. Si'uliii JJisliiiii'dl Siicirh/. :»= ■I opi'ii spare was pluntnl Avitli lives and ' alonj»' the shore to Steele's Pond, beyond which it was passabK' foi- carriaiies. At a very early perioil, however, there had been a broad carriauildins: :ii h Ifistorii iif Ilnlifax Cifji. 20;i of llirt'c stories originally witii :i Hat roof ami a parapet all around with ornaments in tlie shape of urns at the corners and in the centre. A roof Avas put on this buiUling al»out the time of the death of old IMr. IJniacke, and the parapet removed. At the south termination of Argyle Street stood the residence of ^Ir. Alexander Creighton, a small low house, and along Blowers vStreet, to the west, was a low range of wooden buildings which had been a soldiers' barracks or guard house. The late Chief Justice Blowers, about the commencement of the present century, erected the large wooden building at the (?orner of Barrington Street, adjoining the Koman Catholic property, as a residence. After his death it Avas sold and became a hotel under the name of the Waverley House. It has since been purchased ana attached to the Roman Catholic church property. In the year 1821 there were no houses in Clottingen Street, north suburbs, except the stone house at the corner of the lane leading Avestward, some years before built by Major McCola, ToAvn Major of Halifax, since owned by Mr. R. Duport. A Avooden house, a short distance north of it, built by Peter Hay, Mason, and the old hipped roofed building at the corner of Gerrish Street, knoAvn as the North Pole, still standing. Mr. Lewis Demolitor had then lately built a large house at the northern extremity of BrunsAvick Street, A\'hich at that time Avas considered a very Avild speculation. This is the same honse lately the residence of the Hon. Senator Northup. The late Benjamin Etter also, about this time, built himself a residence at the corner of North Street, afterwards the mansion of the late Hon. AVilliam A. Black. Captain Michael Head, R. N., occupied the two story honse to the westAvard of W. A. Black's property, which a few years before had been built by the late William Rudolf, of Halifax, and was afterwards the residence of Commissary General, W. H. Snelling, and afterwards by John Northup; now or lately known as Belle- Air. Lockman Street then could boast of very fcAV buildings and was so grown up with grass as in some places only to afford a narroAV path in the centre for pedestrians and occasionally a stray carriage. The original Lockman Street extended only from North Street to Gerrish Street, in the rear of what was called the Dutch Lots ; it was afterwards continued southward by consent of the north suburb I ^ . il 204 Xova Scotia Historical Societt/. lots, as far as Cornwallis Street. The old house, formerly the residence of Major Leonard Locknian, a German otilcer, one of the original settlers, for whom the street was called, stood on the western side near the northern extremity of the street. It became very delapidated and was removed some years ago. In the year 1818, or perhaps as late as 1820, that part of the north common known as Camp Hill, since appropriated as a public cemetery, as also all the swampy space westward of the drill ground, was in a state of nature, covered with cradle hills, laurel bushes and ground juniper. The butchers' boys kept their sheep there, and in autumn the swampy portions jift'orded to the sports- men good ground for snipe, plover and curlew. An old building, known as the St. Andrew's Cross, stood on the hill at the corner where Quinpool Koad, so-called, now meets the common. On the opposite side an old two story house called Quinpool, which had been the residence of a Mr. O'Brien, stood in a lield to the north of the road. This old house became uninhabited and was afterward taken down by Dr. Cogswell, the proprietor of the property, when he divided the lields into building lots. There were two main roads leading from town to the Basin, both meeting at what was called the Three Mile House, a building erected by Mr. Shaw, a member of Assembly, as a hotel, afterwards known as Increase Ward's country house. The Wistermont Road was known as the Blue Bell Road from a very old house with a swinging sign which stood at the corner before you arrive at the Willow Park property. Mr. John Young, known as the author of the letters of Agricola, had then lately purchased this latter place, had improved the house and gardens, and was commencing to work it as a model farm. Further north were the old Dutch farms of Philip Bayer and Jacob Shefforth on either side of the road, surrounded by groups of old willow trees. The Bayer's house has disappeared, but that of the Shefforth family fell to the late Mr. Henry Vieth, who repaired the old buildings. The other road, known as the Fort Needham or Lady Hammond Road, was a prolongation of Gottingen Street. After passing the farms of the late John and James Merkel, it turned to the westward down the hill to the shore of tlie Basin at the Three Mile House. The Kempt Road had not yet been opened though for some time in contemplaliou. Two block houses, the remnant of the old fortiti- I Hhtory of Halifax City. 205 cations of Halifax, overlooked these roads. The first or nearest blockhouse, was at Fort Ncedham on the hill south of the Governor's north farm. The other surmounted the hill just above the cottage of the late John Steel, called Tliree Mile Cottage, at the termination of the Blue Bell Road, near the present Three Mile Church. The old house at the Governor's north farm known as Lady Hammond's house was then in good repair, since fallen down. This house was erected by Lieut. Governor Hammond as a country residence for Ills family. The north farm, as it was called, extended eastward to the shores of the narrows and included the beech grove near the old railway station. This beautiful grove has been lately cut up by one of the Government Railway Superintendents who caused building lots to be laid off and sold in the grove. This fine collection of trees had been carefully preserved for nearly a century, and had been the scene of many festivities, and was associated with very many pleasing events in the minds of the older citizens. The common was the usual resort of a large portion of the inhabitants on a Sunday afternoon during the summer months. It had been the custom for many years, and had continued to be so until discontinued by (rovernor 3Laitland, for the whole garrison, which usually consisted of service companies of three regiments, a part of artillery, and a company of sappers and marines, to parade on the common every Sunday afternoon at three o'clock during the summer season. The Governor and his staff attended and the whole brigade, with their regimental colors, and the artillery, with their field pieces, formed a line and were inspected by the Governor or Commander-in-chief, after which they marched around the drill ground, passing before him at slow time, saluting him in open cohnnn of companies. No booths, however, wci-e allowed on th^ common for the sale of refreshments except on the King's and Queen's birthdays, when grand reviews came off. Sunday presented a gay scene at Halifax in those days. There being then no garrison chapel for the troops, the regiments in garrison, preceded by their brass bands playing, marched in full dress to St. Paul's and St. George's churches amid the ringing of bells and the sound of martial music. The carriage of the Governor (who was then always a general officer) in full military costume, with his aids-de-camp, drove up to the south door of .a. 206 NoiHx Scotia Historical Society. St. Paul's, the whole staff having first asssembled under the portico which then ran along the southern end of the church. His Excellency, followed by a brilliant display of gold lace and feathers, the clank of sabres and spurs, and the shaking of plumed hats of so many officers, many of whom were accompanied by their ladies, on entering the church, picsented a most brilliant spectacle. All this was followed by the old Chief Justice Blowers in his coach and livery, the carriage of the Admiral, and those of several members of Council. All being seated and the body of the church full of fashion and dress, the peal of the organ began to be heard and the clergy in surplice and hood (he who was al)out to preach, however, always in the black gown) proceeded from the vestry up the east side aisle to the pulpit, preceded by a beadle in drab any one paid magistrate and one unpaid assistant, together with tlie clerk of the peace and three police constables, afterwards increased to four. Old Colonel Pyke presided as Chief Magistrate for many years, and was usually to be seen sitting in the little police office in drab knee breeches with gray yarn stockings and snuff' colored coat. Age and infirmity having at last compelled him to retire, Mr. .John Liddell, the second in command, was appointed Chief Police Magistrate by Sir James History oj Halifax City. 207 Kempt.* David Shaw Clarke had been for some years Clerk of the Peace. He was a member of the Bar and particnlarly well qualified for the oHice he held, the duties of which he performed with much satisfaction to the public. He was very remarkable as being the most corpulent man in town. The late Samuel >ruirhead, who kept a liquor shop at the head of the Market Wharf, was next in size to Mr. Clarke. Muirhead died in 1820, and Clarke, from that time to the day of his death, had no competitor. No man wai=i better known or more popular for about thirty years in Halifax than David Shaw Clarke. He was succeeded in his office by his son James Stewart Clarke. Drunken people were frequently to be seen in the streets in those days, yet the peace of the town was tolerably well preserved by the tiu'eo or four police constal)les. Old .lock Henderson was very corpulent, but his great knowledge of his profession ivndered him an exceedingly useful officer. .lack Mahar was celebrated as a detective, l)ut king alcohol at last put an end to his usefulness. The practice of publicly whipping thieves had almost altogether gone out of fashion by this time, though occasionally resorted to at the work house. Among the town oddities was Consta])le Hawkins. He was a negro, one of those who were brought from the Chesapeake by Admiral Cockburn. He liad l»een for some years employed at the work house to do the whipping. He was usually dressed in an old military green uniform, epaulets, plumed cap, with red sash, and on state occasions, a sword. With constable's staff' in hand, this worthy might be seen in the morning .at the opening of the police office, escorting prisoners down (Jeorge Street to the ofilce for examination, accompanied by a mob of Imys. Among the other curiosities of the town was old lien Myers, usually known as Major Ben. This old fellow, an ilete, a cocked hat and long white feathers hanging over his shoulder, ami on particular occasions, a star on his breast and a sword and sash. He was the messenger of the poor honse and Bridewell and came down to the market every morning with his wheelbarrow in which he brought l)aek supplies for the establishments. Governor^, liad a voice in 'ili appoinlments ai this time. 208 JVbra Scotia Jlistorical Socieh/. ! . •J ;5 ; u 1 i * ;:t- f l3* It The troops mounted ornavcl every morning on the Grand Parade and went through the saUite and troop before relieving guard. This formed a great attraction to strangers and people from the country. The band usually played for half an hour before the ceremony of inspecting the guards commenced. At sunset and at gun fire, at eight o'clock in the evening, the drum and fife proceeded from the town clock, in Barrack Street, to Government House or tlie General's quarters, and back again to the barracks. This had been an ancient custom in the Halifax garrison and was partly kept up until about the year 184'). Guard mounting on the parade at 10 o'clock in the morning during summer continued until Governor Le Marchant left Halifax in IS-jG. One feature of the town which frequently afforded amusement to visitors must not be omitted. The negro population of Hammonds Plains and Preston, the latter particularly, had been, after the peace, supplied with the American uniform coats taken at Castine or somewhere in Maine in the year 1H13. The sky blue coats with red and sometimes yellow facings, in conjunction with old torn and patched trousers of every description, presented the most grotes(iue .appearance. A short time before this a fensible regiment known as the York Rangers, having been disbanded in the town, their old green uniforms, faced red, and the sugar loaf shaped caps, were given to the negroes, who presented the most ridiculous a))poarance on market da vs. M. Geneni kept dancing school at Mason Hill and gave many pleasant school balls in the winter season to the great delight of the young people. M. Perro, a polite old French naval f)flicer, was most popular as a teacher of Fren"h and was mucii esteemed in the conununity. M. Chenalette was the most famous confectioner ever known in Halifax. In his latter days he kept his establishment in Sackville Street, opposite Bedford Row, and was celebrated for his Fi'cnch cordials and fancy confectionery. Such was Halifax in 1821 and thereabouts. > Ilistor'i n/ Ililifnx Cif;/. 2(»0 CHAITER VIII, FOlMiriCATION* AND DEFKNCK6 01 TIIK TOWN— I'l liLIC i;i 1U>IN«.,. KT«'. Fmin the year 1741) to 'oi or T), the defenees of the town consisted of palisades or pickets placed uprigiit, Avith block houses built of logs at convenient distances. This fence extended from Avhere the Roman Catholic Cathedral noAV stands to the beach south of Fairbanks' wharf, and on the north along the line of .Jacob Street to the harbor. These palisades were in existence in 17oo, but were removed at a very early period, not being within the recollection of the oldest natives of the town living in the year 1825. A large portion of the front of the present Citadel Hill was originally private property ; a small redoubt stood near the summit with a flag staff and guard house, but no traces of any regular or permanent fortilicntion appear until the commencement of the American Revolution. There were several block houses south of the town— at Point Pleasant, Fort Massey and other places. A line of block houses was built at a very early i)eriod of the settlement, extending from the head of the North AVest Arm to the Basin, as a defence against the Indians. The foundation of the centre block house was still to be seen in 1848 in the hollow below Philip Bayers' pasture. During Governor Lawrence's time, the Indians made an attack upon the saw mills at the head of the North AVest Arm, which stood near the site of the present mills, and murdered three men ; their bodies were buried by the soldiers near one of the block houses, and were three times dug up by the Indians in defiance of the guard, for the purpose of securing the scalps. These block houses were built of square timber, with loop-holes for musketry, — they were of great thickness, and had parapets around the top and a plaiiorm at the base, with a well for the use of the guard. m 210 Xoni. SiX)fiii. Ilishtrii'dl Soeii'f;/. h 'I 111 I7."».j, lour Imtti'iics wt'if i;rt'cltnl alouji tlic Ijciich — llic coiitii' one, (.'silk'il tliu middle or (iovornor'H Htittery, nlood where the , show a strong fortification on George's Island.* It was not until the connnencement of the revolutionary war that regular works appear to have been con- structed for the defence of the town and harbor. About the vear 1778, the Citadel Hill appears to have been, for the first time, regularly fortified ; the summit was then about eighty feet higher than at present ; the works consisted of an octangular tower of wood of the block-house kind, having a parapet and small tower on top with port holes for cannon — the whole encompassed by a ditch and ramparts of eaith and wood, with pickets placed close together, slanting outwards. Below this there were several outworks of the same description extending down the sides of the hill a considerable distance. Fort Massey, George's Island and the East Battery exhibit the same kind of fortifications in the pictures of the town made about 1780. At the latter place there was a barrack, afterwards rebuilt by the Duke of Kent about 1800. * We have seen that Governor Cornwallia, at tho very commencement of the settlement, selected George's Island as the most eliKible position for fortification. Prisoners wore sent here at a very early period. Ififtton/ of iMifu.r Oitu. n\ During till', Aiiu'ricjin Ht'volutionary War, Colonel Spry, the cliiof I'liginecr, ercTtcd a liattory and several small block houses near the old Dutch Church in Brunswick Street. Several fields on the north any the autumn of 17r>0. It received an addition to the north end with a new steeple scmiewhat similiar to the old one in the year 1H12. The first sermon was preached in this building by the Kev. Mr. Tutty*on 2nd September, IT.'iO. It remained in nearly all respects as at its first erection until certain late alterations have changed Its appearance, particularly an addition to the south en'». It wuh replaced by a new one al)out 18211, but the oUl case of Spanish walnut was preserved.* The old Cierman church of St. Oeorj^e, in IJrunswick Sti ot. bears the date ITOO on its spire. It was orioinally erected 1.^, private subscription anionjj; the (;ennan settlers of tiie north sp' ii) in or about the year 17')2 or ".\. After the removal of the Cienniiua to Lunenburj:? there were but llfteen families of (;ermans remaining; in the north suburbs. This snudl conjircirution, not knowin*? any Kufilish, erected the buihliu"- on the (lorman burial fjround as a school house and chapel. The present steeple was erected in 1700, and the followinj; year the buildin{»; was dedicated as a church by I)r Ureynton of St. Paul's, after which the oongrefjation followed the forms of the Church of Knohmd. Dr. Ureynton on that occasion preached in (leiman and in French, after which he :iddresseation in Knojlish. In 17H:^ Key. IJernard Ilonzeal, a Lutheran minister, came to IlaUlax amonji; the Loyalists from New York and, havinjs 'oeen ordaii* -i a minister of the Church of Knjiland l»y the llislio[) of London, became the minister of St. (Jeoroe's, receivino; a stipend from the Society for the Propajjation of the (Jospel in Fon'it>n i)arts. lie died aliout t'.u' close of the lust century, a few years after the present rounil church, known as St. (Jcortic's, was erected, and Mr. (Jr;iy was app.)inted to the charoe, after which service in the old church was discontinued. It was then appropriated as a school house. About tlu' year l^;^:*) or '1 it underwent a thoroujih repair which was superintended by several persons in the j^arish who wore descendants of the ori^rinal (lenuan scttlei-s. Old St. Matthew's was coeval with the (irsl settlement of Halifax. (Jovernor Cornwallis assijjiied a lot at the south-west corner of Prince and Hollis Streets for a disseutino meeting house in 1741). It was built soon aftei' at the expense of government, and was called Mather's Church in compliment to the memory of Dr. Cotton Mather, the celebrated New England Congregationalist divine, by the dissenters then in the town, who were principally from New England and of that denomination. The Rev. Aaron Cleveland, from New England, was the first minister who otlieiated in this M W 1! « i; y I- n ( If: * This organ has been lately roniovert to Trinity Chapel, in Jacob Street. 216 Xova Seoth Historical Sodetp. '1 '3 building. The Presbyterians from Scotland and the North of Ireland, having become numerous in the town, soon amalgamated with the American dissenters, and gradually obtained exclusive possession of the building, after which it received the appellation of St. Matthew's Church. The late Rev. Mr. Russell, father of the late George N. Russell, of Halifax, officiated there for some time after it became Presbyterian. Dr. Archibald Gray was the officiating minister there for about twenty years ; he was succeeded by Rev. Ebeuezer Renny, Rev. Mr. Knox, and finally by Rev. John Scott, the last minister who preached in the old building which was burned in the great fire which destroyed a considerable portion of Hollis Street, on New Year's day, 1859. The lot of land on which it stood was, some years after, sold to Doull &, Miller, who erecteed there a large stone warehouse, which is one of the neatest and most aul)stantial buildings in the city. The first market house occupied tlie site of the brick building lately used for the City Courts and offices. It was built soon after the settlement. A balcony ran along the lower side whicli was used by merchants, etc., as a public promenade. About tiie commencement of the present century the remains of this old building were removed to make wav for the 'oriek edifice. The upper portion of the new building was let as a pul>lie coffee house ; the large room now used as a City Council Clmmber was appro- priated for public meetings, festivals, etc., and the south end, above" tile police office, was occupied for many years as the Exchange or Merchants' Reading Room. The first court house in Halifax, as before mentioned, stood at the corner of Buckingliam and Argyle Streets, where Nortimp's store and country market stood later. Chief .Justice Belcher lield his court there in ITo'), and the first Representative Assembly held their session there in 1758. It was destroyed by fire about the year 1783. Chief .lustice Belcher resided in the old house in Argyle Street to the north of the old Methodist meeting house, formerly owned by the Rev. William Black, Methodist minister. This building, at the time of its removal, was one of the very few old buildings tlien remaining in the town. It was taken down some years ago and a range of shops and a market house now nllH 1 ' History of Halifax Cit>/. 217 occupy its site. Tlie old Zoar chapel, the ciadle of Methodism in Halifax, has been lately turned into shops. The stone house at the corner of Prince and Argyle .Streets, opposite the south-west angle of St. Paul's Church, was originally built by the Hon. Kichard liulkeley, the first Provincial Secretary, and was his residence for many years. It was purchased by the Hon. H. H. Cogswell about 1818, and since his death has under- gone extensive alterations to render it suitable for a public hotel. It is now known as the Carlton House. There is an old liouse still standing on the western side of Grafton Street, in Letter , Forman's Division, which was the residence of William Nesbitt, the Attorney General of Nova Scotia and Speaker of the Assembly, in 17G0. After the death of Mr. Nesbitt, towards the end of the last century, it fell to his daughter, Mrs. Swaun. This old lady died there nearly 80 years ago and the property was afterwards sold. The street was cut down about 50 years since and a story or breast work was erected on the street under this little old cottage which may yet be seen projecting from the main building, presenting the appearance of a balcony. The residence of Richard Gibbons, formerly Attorney (:Jeneral, stood at the corner of Buckingham and Grafton Streets, formerly known as George Isles' corner ; it was lately taken down and replaced by a range of brick buildings now owned by Mr. Maloney. This w^as also one of the remnants of the first settlement of the town. The building at the corner of Barrington and Sackville Streets, formerly occupied as the Halifax Grammar School, is also a very old building. The House of Assembly held its sittings there in 1765, perhaps earlier. After the court house was burned down the Supreme Court met there for several years. It was also used at one time for a guard house. It was devoted to the purpose of a school on the establishment of the Halifax Grammar School in 1785. Houses of entertainment were numerous and well kept at an early period. The Great Pontack was a large three-story building, erected by the Hon. John Butler, uncle to the late John Butler Dight, previous to 1757, at the corner of Duke and Water Streets, aftenvards known as Michael Bennett's corner, now Cunningham's corner. It was the principal hotel in 1764. In 1769 it was kept IS J i I 218 Xnva Scotia Historical Socict'/. U li : by .luhu Willis. The town assemblies and other i)ul>lii' eutertaiii- nients were held at the Pontaek in 17o8.* The Clown Coll'ee House, freciuented liy country i)eoi>le, was kept by AVilliam Fury in 1 7ay, known as the Indian Saint. St. Aspinquid appeared in the Nova Scotia almanacks from 1774 to 1786. The festival was celebrated on or imme- diately after the last quarter of the moon in the iiionth of May. The tide beint; low at that time, many of the principal inhabitants of the town, on those occasions, assembled on the shore of the North AVest Arm and partook of a dish of clam soup, thuclaiiis beinfi? collected on the spot at low water. There is a tradition that during the American troubles when agents of the revolted colonics were active to gain over the gooil people of Halifax, in the year 17H(i, were celebrating St. Aspinquid, the wine having been circulated freely, the Union .Jack was suddenly hauled down and replaced by the Stars and Stripes. This was soon reversed, but all those persons who held public offices immediately left ttie grounf'.s, and St. Aspinquid was never after celebrated at Halifax. t Whether there was a passage for carriages across the Parado does not appear ; probably not, as it Avas used for a public parade groimd in 1749. t Probably employed at the Governor's gardens. Iliston/ of iLilifax 0U>/. •JV.) trees at great expense. This was a private enclosure, extending from Lockman Street to the beach, south of the Dockyard; his dwelling house stood in the centre and faced the harbor. Part of the old wall, a year or two since, was to he seen in Lockman Street. 'J'he old Governor's gardens, west of the Phiglish burying ground, were well kept up for about 30 years. There was a large summer house in the centre. Mr. Grant, the victualling agent, had a large fruit garden south of Government House, where St. Mattlicw's Manse now stands, extending from Hollis to Pleasant Streets. It was surrounded by a stone wall. Ornamental trees were, at an early period, very numerous in the suburbs, particularly in the south, and tended much to the beauty and comfort of the town. The poplar trees which stood in front of the residence of the late James Kerby and others, in Biinswick Street, and the willows on the eastern side of the street, near the round church, are within the recollection of many of the old inhabitants. The fine old willow trees which occupied both sides of Argyle Street near the residence of the late Attorney General Uniacke, those at the south end of Hollis Street, near the Lumber Yard, and those around St. Paul's Church, are also still within the recollection of many. These trees were all cut c' >wn by the Commissioners of Streets in 1829 and 1830, because they grew on the side paths and were therefore deemed an encroach- ment on the public highway. Halifax was thus denuded of its shady walks by the gentlemen of taste who constituted the Com- missioners of Streets at that period. AVithin the last few years several attempts have been made to re-produce trees on the side- Avalks, but with partial success, there being no protection afforded to them by the city authorities. Before the year 17G0, the houses were generally built of square UMd round timber, some with small pickets placed upright between the stiib« of the frame, and the whole covered over with clap boards ; they were usually of one story with a hipped roof, the shops a: A half doors Avitli no glass, swinging signs, and wooden shutters opening downwards, on which goods were exposed for sale. Several of these old houses were in existence in 1850, windows and doors being altered. I I i 220 Nova Scotiii, Ilistoncdl Nocieftf, In 1768 ami '77, there were laiiip posts at all the principal corners, the town being then lighted at the public expense. The Duwoh in the north suburbs usually built with the ends of their houses to the street ; those of the better sort had or^iamental windows and heavy cornices with Aveathercocks. One or two of these old houses were to be seen in Brunswick Street about thirty- live years ago. Among the old houses which have now disappeared was one which stood in the field opposite tlie toAver wharf, near Point Pleasant ; it was built about 1770, and occupied l)v (Teneral Fanning about 1783. A year or two after the settlement Mr. (^lerrish built several small stone houses near the tower ; the clearance east of the pine woods is still to be seen ; they were occupied for a short time by the settlers from the north of Ireland who went to Cobequid. A large wooden building stood in the centre of the enclosure now occupied by Government House, built before the American Revo- lution, and used as a residence for field officers and other military purposes. The public hospital stood on part of the land now occupied by Government House to the north of the present house ; it was afterwards sold ; probably the spot on which St. Matthew's church now stands. The first jail stood where the late Mr. Robert Brown's house in Hollis Street stood, opposite the Halifax Hotel ; the jail was kept there till 1787, or thereabouts. In 1777, the Provost Marshal was suspended from his office in consequence of the repeated escape of prisoners from this building. In 1752, government purchased a small stone house built by Col. Horseman for a prison, probably a military one ; this was near where St. Mary's Cathedral now stands. One remnant of the first settlement, now forgotten, was an old hardwood tree which stood on the beach, just ubove high water mark, at the corner of the Market Slip ; this tree was used as a public gallows from 1749, and was there within the recollection of one or two aged persons living in 1825 ; it was cut down about 1763, but the stump remained until 1784 or '5. The progress of crime between 1749 and '54, was perhaps less rapid than might have Ijeen expected among a population of 5,000 or 6,000, composed of such materials. During the first five years History of Halifax City. 221 there were tifty criminal trials on record, many convictions for grand larceny, which Avas then the snbject of capital punishment. After the appointment of Chief Justice Belcher, convictions were less frequent ; most of the executions, as in the time of the general court, were for stealing or receiving stolen goods. The Dockyard was first established at Halifax in 1758. It was extended and improved in 1769. The date over the gate is 1770. The walls have since undergone several renewals. Tlie ToAvn Clock was erected early in the present century jointly by the garrison and the town. The merchants of Halifax raised a subscription towards the object. It was placed at the head of George Street for the convenience of the inhal)itants. It was managed by the garrison. The late James Dechman, senior, was keeper, and I'esided'in tiie clock for many years ; he died about 1829 or 1830. According to the plan of the town made by Col. Desbarres in 1779 or '80, and published in his nautical charts in 1781, there was a nine-gun battery about where the Ordnance wharf now is, a,nd the five-gun battery a little to the north, but on an angle with the other. Gerrish's wharf, since known as Marchington's wharf, was immediately north of the five-gun battery, and .Joshua Manger's wharf at the foot of Jacob Street. Proctor's wharf appears to have been situated near where Cunard's old wharf now is. The old market wharf, known as Fredericks' wharf, and afterwards as Beamish's wharf, was as at present. Fillis' wharf appears to have been that now known as Mitchell's, south of the Queen's Wharf. Terrance Fitzpatrick's wharf was situated about the spot now occupied by lesson & Boak's wharf. Crawley's was to the south of the latter, and Collier's about where Pryor's wharf now is. There was a battery at the Commissioners' point at the south end of the Dockyard, and the storekeeper's wharf ran out to the south of the Commissioners' point somewhere, apparently, in the vacant space between the Dockyard and West's property. Joshua Manger's Distillery was situated between the Dockyard and the present hospital grounds. Guns were mounted on the careening wharf. Three batteries with ditches and enclosures were formed by Col. Spry, Chief Engineer, on the lower side of Brunswick Street ; one on the corner of Brunswick and JS.orth Streets, one on the south n it ,H' 222 Xora Srntin TlistnricnJ JSnn'ptj/. I •■'■ j ""1 =1 corner of Dockyard Lane, and the other down Gerrish Street below the Dutch burial ground. Tt Avas generally understood thr , these works were on the opposite or western side of Brunswick Street, ])nt Desbarres' plan places them on the east side. The works on Citadel Hill appear to consist of a small enclosure, but no regular fortifications appear. KAKLY PRIXTINO IX IIAIJKAX. In 1751 printing was first introduced Into Nova Scotia. The first press was established at Halifax, and there was not a second in the province until 1700. Bartholomew Green, .Tr., was the grand- son of Sanniel Green, of Cambridge, IMassachusctts, and v\'as of the firm of Green, Biishell & Allen, of Boston. He removed to Halifax with a press .and tj'pe in August, 17"»1. He died about six weeks after his arrival, ')2 years of age. John Bushell, who Jiad been the partner of Green in lioston, immediately succeeded him in Halifax. He printed for the govern- ment, and in March, 1752,* published the first newspaper printed in Nova Scotia. The work for government was inconsiderable, but was the chief support of liushell. He was a good workman but had not the art of acquiring property, nor did he make the most economical use of the little which fell into his Jiands. Bushell died in February, 17G1. The proclamation published by Governor Lawrence in 1758 for the settlement of the French lands on the Basin of Minas was printed by John Bushell. Anthony Henry succeeded Bushell as a printer at Halifax. He was a German, and had lived some time with a printer, but had left his master and became a fifer in one of the provincial regiments. AVith this regiment he came to Nova Scotia, but some time after obtained his discharge. There was then no printer in the province, and his pretentions to skill in this art greatly facilitated his release from the army. There appears, however, to have been a printing office at Halifax in March, 1756, conducted by one Isaac Ourry. Henry began business with the press and type which had been used by Bushell. He published the Gazette. The government, through necessity, gave him some work which was badly executed. This paper was edited for some time by the Hon. Richard Bulkeley, Secretary of the Province. 9ee Thomas' History of Printing in America. Histni-y of Wdiftix City. 223 In 1700 a printer witl» a ncAv and good apparatus came from London and opened another printing house. He published a news- paper and was employed hy government. Henry, who had been inattentive to his affairs, did not despond at the prospects of a rival, but, much to his credit, exerted himself and did better than before. After a few years' trial, his rival, not finding the business so profitable, nor place agreeable, sold out his paper, and Henry was again the only pi'inter in the province. He procured new type and a workman better skilled than himself. His printing from this time was executed in a m>)re workmanlike manner. He remained without another rival until the British army evacuated Boston, in March, 1770, when the printers in that town who adhered to the Koyal cause were obliged to leave that place, and they, with other refugees, came to Halifax. Henry continued printing until his death. He possessed a fund of good nature, and was of a very cheerful disposition. He died December, 1800, aged 00 j'ears. Robert Fletcher arrived at Halifax from London in 1700, with new printing materials and a valuable collection of books and stationery. He opened a book store and printing house near the parade, published a newspaper and printed for the government. Until this time there had been no book store in the province. Fletcher executed his printing with neatness, and raised the repu- tation of the art in Nova Scotia. He remained in Halifax until 1770, then sent his printing materials to Boston for sale and went into other business. Alexander and James Robertson, who had been printers in New York, Norwich and Albany, went to Shelburne, in Nova Scotia, in 1783, where they printed a newspaper. John Howe began printing in Halifax in 1770, and was publisher of the Gazette in 1801. Howe commenced the Halifax Journal in 1780. In 1790 his office was at the corner of Jackville and Barrington Streets. This paper was afterwards purchased and carried on by John Munro ; his office was where Mr Kenny's new stone building now is, at the corner of George and Granville Streets. The weekly Chronicle was set on foot by William Minns, a Loyalist settler, in 1780, and was continued until 1828. Mr. Minns kept a stationer's shop in Barrington Street, below the parade. This paper had the Star and Garter at its heading. m 5. f* m 224 Nova Scotia Historical Society. 1 < i S J Henry's printinp; office was in Grafton Street, in rear of the residence of tlie late Attorney General Richard John XJuiacke, where his descendants resided for many years. There was another printing office in the same street, further north, which is represented in the engraving of the town in 1776 with a steeple surmounted by a hand holding a pen. After the peace of 1784, printing found its way into the Province of New Brunswick. f tho acke, other ented id by Hi star >f of Halifax Cit>/. 2i£:> vince CHAPTER IX. The following short sketch of some of the persons who took a lead in establishing the Colony, has been compiled chiefly from public records : The Honorable Edward Cornwallis, the first Governor and Com- mander-in-Chief, was a younger son of Charles, third Baron Cornwallis by Lady Charlotte Butler, daughter of Richard, Earl of Arran and uncle to the celebrated Duke of Ormonde. He was born in 1713, was member of Parliament for the borough of Eye in 1749, and was elected member for the city of Westminster in 1753, shortly after he returned from Halifax. He married the same year, a daughter of the late Lord Townshend, but left no children. He was afterwards raised to the rank of Major General and appointed Governor of Gibraltar. General Cornv/allis was twin brother of Dr. Frederick Cornwallis, Archbishop of Canterbury. The gentlemen who composed the first Council were Paul Mas- carene, Edward How, John Gorham, Benjamin Green, John Salisbury and Hugh Davidson. Col. Mascarene was a native of Castras in the south of France, was born in the year 1684. His parents were Huguenots and were compelled to fly from their native country on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes when all Protestants were driven from France. He made his way to Geneva at the age of 12, were he received his education. He afterwards went to England, where he received a commission in the British army in 1708. He was appointed Captain in 1710 and ordered to America, where he joined the regiment raised in New England for the taking of Port Royal. He was at the capture of Annapolis Royal that year, and was for some time com- mander of the garrison as senior major of the regiment. On the death of Colonel Armstrong he became Lieutenant-Colonel of tho regiment under General Phillips, and was third on the list of coun- cillors in 1720 , when the first Council was organized in Nova 'i •22C^ Novo, Scotid JIhtoi'icuf Sociefif. i ::5 .1 'Wl Scotia. In 1740 lio was appointed Lieut. -Governor of tlic fort, and administrated the government of the Province until tlie arrival of Cornwallis in 174D. He remained in command at Annapolis after the settlement at Halifax, and was subsequently engaged as agent of the British Government in arranging treaties with the Indians of New England and Acadia in 1751. He retired from active duties and died a Major General in tlic British army at Boston, on 20th January 17fiO. He left a son and daughter. His son was said to be living in New England in IHIJo, at a very advanced age. Tlie late Judge Foster Hutchinson, of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia and the late Deputy Commissary General "William Handlield Snelling, were his grandsons. His great-grandson, JNIr. W. Snelling Stirling, has his portrait, painted by Smybert of Boston about 1725. Benjamin Green was a native of the province of Massachusetts, born in 1713, youngest son of the Kev. Joseph Green, minister of Salem, Mass., and graduate of Harvard College. He was brought up as a merchant under his elder brother Joseph in Boston. In 1737 he married a daughter of the Honorable Joseph Pierce of Ports- mouth. He accompanied General Pepperal to Louisburg in 174.'*, as Secretary to the expedition. After the capture of that place by the Provincial army, he remained there as Government Secretary and manager of the tinauces until Cape Breton was restoied to the French, when he removed with his family to Halifax, and was appointed to the Council by Governor Cornwallis in July 174'.». After the removal of Mr. Davidson he acted as Secretary of the province. He held several other important public olHces, among which were those of Treasurer and Judge of the Court of ^' ice- Admiralty. On the death of Governor Wilmot in 17GG, Mr. Green being then senior councillor, was appointed Administrator of the Government. He died at Halifax in 1772, in the uUth year of his age. His eldest son Benjamin succeeded him as Treasurer of the province. Benjamin Green, Junior, was father of Lieutenant William Green of the Navy, and Joseph Cireen and Henry Green of Lawrencetown, the latter left descendants at Lawrencetown. The second son of Governor Green was many years sheriff of Halifax, and having married a Boston lady, afterwards removed to that place. His daughter was married to Mr. Stephen H. Binney, sou of Jonathan Biuuey of Halifax, whose desccndauts are numerous. Jfishtif/ nf Ilnlijitx. ('if if. 'to: In 'ortH- 74'>, e l)y ' jiud ) the was IV.). r the Viee- Tiecn f the tvi" of er of cnaut en of The lifax, that ', son us. John Ssilishiiiy was liroUu'i- to Dr. Thomas Salislnny, the ennneni civil hiwvi'i" in J.oiHJon. Lord Ilaiifsix was his fiit-nd and pation, and sent him out witli (iovernor C'oinwallis as one of his suite. He tloi's not apiK'ar lo haw laki'U any active i)ai't in the settlement. He nuurietl a Miss Cottou, who hrou«i;lit liim a fortune of i'l(),0(MI, wliich lie spent in extrava«»ance iiniand in I7r».'}, an«l (Ued at Ollk'y, tlie country seat of liis relative Sir Thonuis JSalishury in ITH'J. His only daughter was the cele- brated Mrs. 'J'hrale, the friend of l>r. .lohnson, afterwards married to a Mr. riozici. Hugh Davidson also came out with (Governor Cornwallis. He was the lirst Trovincial Secretary ; he returned to Knjj;land in llitU under char«;es of trading in the supplies and stores for the settlers. Governor Cornwallis in his letters to the IJoard of Trade, thought him innocent of the nuiin charges made against him. Captain Kdward How was a member of His Majesty's Council at Annapolis in 1741. He was with Col. Noble at the aflair at Minas and (irand Pre in 1747, where he was severely wounded and taken prisoner by the French under DeCorne. He came down from Anna- polis with Governor Mascarene in June 1749, and was sworn in a niend)er of Cornwallis' ilrst Council. He was well acquainted with the language of the Indians and their manners, and was sent on a negotiation to the French and Indians at Beaubasin in 17'»1, where he was treacherously murdered by the enemy, though acting under a flag of truce, having been shot through the back from the bush. The French oHicers denied having anything to do with this disgrace- ful affair, and charged it on Mr. LeLntre, the Indian missionary, who it was said was jealous of Mr. How's influence with the Mic- macs. His widow afterwards petitioned the government for pecuniary aid, in consequence of her husband's services, and for money advanced by him for public service. The late Richard W. How, captain in the Hist regiment, formerly of Halifax, was his grandson. Colonel John Goreham was a native of Massachusetts ; he was with General Pepperal at the siege of Louisburg in 174o, as Lieutenant-Colonel of his father's regiment raised in Massachusetts. He afterwards had command of a company of Rangers at Annapolis and came down to Chebucto with his rangers to meet Governor 22M Xnrn Smtiii Ilinlnyhiil Soi'irft/, is |i; 1 » * CornwalliH in 174J). Ho look prccedeiuH' iit'xt to (iovfiMior Mascareue nt the council board. He is styled Captain Gorehain by Mascarene and by Coinwallis in his coniniissions and coi reBpondence. That of Lieutenant-Colonel Avas probably militia rank only. It \h ]irobablc he returned to Hoston soon after the settlement was formed :iH his name does not appear on the Council books after XliVJ. He had a brother, .losepii (Joreham, who was also a member of Council in 17, and in conipany with Mr. Bruce the Military Kufjineer laid out the town and peninsula. He was appointed to the Council in 17;')'). Though Surveyor (ieneral of the Province he acted for some time a .Judge of the Supreme Court during the time of Chief .luHtice Belcher, which otllces were both afterwards filled by his eldest son Charles. Captain Morris died in 1781, and was succeeded in the office of Surveyor (fcneral by his son Charles, whos'^ son, the Hon. Charles Morris, also filled the same ollice and was a Member of Council in 1«()8. He was the father of .John Spry Morris, Ksq., afterwards Surveyor General, who was the fourth in succession who had charge of the Surveying Department in Nova Scotia. There are numerous descendants of Captain Morris in Halifax. Jonathan Belcher, the first Chief Justice, was a native of Massa- chusetts, son of the Governor of that province, of an eminent colonial family ; he was appointed Chief Justice of Nova Scotia in 1754, when a young man, and administered the government on the death of Governor Lawrence ; Chief Justice Belcher arranged and revised the laws as they appear on our first Statute Book, and rendered good assistance to Governor Lawrence; in founding the settlements at Horton, Cornwallis, Falmouth, «S:c., in 17^8, '9, and 1760. Judge Belcher died poor; the Legislature voted a provision to his only daughter. His son, the Honorable Andrew Belcher, was for many years a resident in Halifax and member of Council. Captain Wm. Cotterell was the first Provost Marshal or Sheriff, (there being no county divisions at this time). He was succeeded in that ottice in HAO by Captain Foy, who held that situation many years, and received a small pension on his retirement. Mr. Cotterel afterwards acted as assistant Provincial Secretary. n r :! A 230 Nova Scofki IL'storicnl Society. I AVilliam Nlsbett came out with Cornwallis in 1740 as one of tlie Governor's clerks. He practised as an attorney and solicitor. He was appointed Attorney General on the resignation of Mr. Little, which office he held for 25 j'ears. He was one of the first represent- atives in the General Assembly of 175S, and was elected speaker on 4th Decemlier 17')f). He continued in the Chair of the House (with the intermission of one session when sick) until 17H3, when lie retired on a small pension and died the followino; year ap;ed S3. Jn 17(»3 he declined a seat in the Council. Durinp; tlic period of his being Speaker, tlie House sat for 14 years without being dissolved. The old house in which Mr. Nisbett resided situjited in Grafton Street, Block letter E, Collins' division, mentioned in a former chapter, still remains, though much changed by the cutting down of the street many years ago. He left no male descendants. His daughter, Mrs. Swaun, died in the ohl (irafton street house about fiO years ago. Archibald Hinshelwood was one of (lovernor Cornwallis' clerks, and performed the duties of Deputy Secretary with Mr. Cotterell and others for many years. Most of the drafts of the letters sent to P^nglaud by the first three Governors are in his handwriting. He was elected a member of Assembly for Lunenburg in 17ol) and again in 1765. Lord William Campbell the Governor appointed him to the Council in 1773, but he died before taking his seat. His property on Argyle Street after occupied by the City Water office fell to his nephew, (he having no children), who left two sons in the navy, both of whom died young. The old property was sold about 60 years since and purchased by Mr. W. A. Black, who resided there many years. Otis Little was Captain of one of the New England Independent Companies. He was probably a native of England. Being in England in 1749, he came out with Governor Cornwallis, who appointed him Commissary of Stores, fiom which ofHce he was dismissed on suspicion of having traded in the supplies for the settlers. He acted as first Attorney General of the Colony, and was probably a lawyer by profession. He was the author of a well- written pamphlet on the resources of Nova Scotia, written in 1748, Hhtorii of Halifax City. 231 of the . He Little, •esent- ker on \ (with len ho 3. In of his solved, fvafton fovmev own of ». His e about clerks, 'otterell prs sent ig. He d again him to . His r office s in the d about resided pendent eing in is, who he was for the ny, and a well- in 1748, with a view to encouraging British emigration to the province. Capt. Little left a daughter, who died unmarried at Halifax early in the present century. John liaptiste Moreau, (lesignated gentleman and schoolmaster in the book of the settlers, had been originally a Roman Catliollc priest, and Prior of the Abbe of St. :Matthew at Breste. He joined the expedition under Cornwallis iu 1715), and wont to Lunenburg with the settlers in 17r)2. Ho received ordination as a clorgymnn of the Church of England in HjIO, and ofliciated to his countrymen and the (lormans in the County of Lunenburg, where ho died nnioh esteemed and regretted in the year 1770. He left a son, Cornwallis Moreau, who was the first male child born in Halifax, and was called Cornwallis after the Governor. This old man was livins at La Have, in Lunenburg County, in the year 1848, being nearly 100 years of age. He received pecuniary assistance from the Nova Scotia Philanthropic Society in that year. Doctor John Breynton came up from Louisburg with the army, where he had been acting Chaplain to the Forces. He succeeded Mr. Tutty at St. Paul's in 1751 or 1752, in conjunction with Rev. Thomas Wood. Mr. Breynton was inducted Rector in 1758 or '9, under the provisions of the Statutes of the Province, and Mr. Wood acted as Curate or Vicar. After Mr. Wood's removal to Annapolis in 17G3, Mr. Joshua Wingate Weeks, from New England, became assistant minister at St. Paul's. Dr. Breynton received his degree of D. D. iu 1770. He died in 17 — , and was succeeded at St. Paul's, as rector, by the Rev. Doctor Robert Stauser, afterwards Lord Bishop of the Diocese. Dr. Breynton was esteemed an eloquent preacher, and was in the habit of addressing the settlers in English, French and German. John Creighton was an officer in the army. He served in the Dragoons at the Battle of Fontenoy. Having been discharged at the peace of Aix la Chappelle, he was placed on half pay as Lieutenant of Warburton's Regiment of Infantry, and came out with the expedition in 174t>. Mr. Creighton was sent to Maligash with Col. Lawrence in 1752 to assist in forming the settlement at Lunenburg, where ho continued to reside until his death, which look place in 1807. Ho was Colonel of the Militia, Judge of the Common Pleas, and for some lime a mem])er of His Majesty's Si I ^l| 232 Nova Scotia Hiatorical Society. t ! . .'is ^ < "!•) t ;' j ( .. j i 1 t t 1 : ^; j ^1 1 i . i 3^ : i;:i ^^ 1:? i ^1 "I ■/, ^1 '1 y\ > N4 3 1 u .luscph Fiiirbiuiks was from MassaeliiiscttH. He was oiu; of tlii; reprt'sentalivcs in the liist House of Assembly, summoned in 17af tUu 175H. Kair- e liuic as for lied a L'seott , banks, l)anks, i.l*>;e of banks, mhintl. iiletl in i nuiuy ibei- of it 16th, udau(?e. jsideuce lan and f which t 188r». ears in arriage. Gray, ity, St. cv. Dr. of Mr. (rray, , Es«i., sou of •. John Deputy Gerrish was a le came Hiburbs, where he built a residence for himself and had a large garden. This old house was lately pulled down. It stood on the upper side of Lockman Street and was built with a hipped or gamble roof. He received the rank of Major in the army for services performed to the British Government, lie died at Halifax, and was buried under the little old Dutch Church, in Brunswick Street, where his escutcheon and monument with armorial bearings are still to be seen. The street between Brunswick Street and the water, which was laid out between the German lots, Avas named Lockman Street in compliment to the Major, who was for many years a leading mau in Dutchtown. It is not known whether he left any descendants in the province. The names of Jonathan Prescoft, Maiachi Salter, Richard Gibbons, Lewis Piers and Otto William Schwartz appear among the principal inhabitants of the town in 1750. ]Mr. Salter was from New England, had been extensively engaged in the fishery, and had visited Chebucto Harbor in 1744, five years before the settlement, while on a fishing voyage along the coast. Chebucto was the frequent resort of Cape Cod and Marblehead fishermen previous to the settlement. He was a Member of Assembly and Justice of the Peace for the town in 1751). The old house at the corner of Salter and Hollis Streets, afterwards the residence of the Hon. "W. La>vson, and later of Mr. Esson, was built by Mr. Salter and was his place of residence for many years. During the American revolt, IMr. Salter, with several other gentlemen of the town, became suspected of treasonable correspondence. He was twice under prosecution, but on a full investigation nothing appeared to have been said or written by him of sufficient moment to warrant the charges. Mr. Salter was the ancestor of the family of that name now remaining in Halifax. He died at Halifax, in January, 1781, aged 65. Mr. Gibbons was acting Attorney General for several years, and a leading practitioner at the Bar of Halifax. His son, Richard Gibbons, died at Sydney, Cape Breton, at an advanced age, where his descendants arc numerous. The old gamble-roofed house at the corner of Buckingham and Grafton Streets, known as Isles' corner, lately pulled down, Avas the residence of Mr. Gibbons. John Duport was the English Attorney. He came out with the settlers in June, 1749, and in July following was appointed a It: 236 Nom Scotia Historical Society. V. ^ 'i •I >■' ilj Justice of the Peace. In 1752 lie was made Judge of the Inferior Court of Connnon Pleas. He performed the duties of Secretary of Council for many years. He was sent as a Judge to St. John's Island in 1770, and was afterwards Cliief Justice of the Island. Mr. Duport left a daugliter married to Mr. P. Skey, of Falmouth, and a son who was in the army and was fatlier of JMr. Robert Duport, later an oHicer in the Purveyor's dei)artment of the British Army. Judge Duport was much esteemed, and appears to have been an active public servant during the first twenty years of the settlement.' Joshua Mauger was an Englisli trader, who had been connected with the government contracts at Louisburg, and appears to have resided in Halifax for the purpose of connuerce only. In 1751 he held the otlice of Agent Victualler for the navy at Halifax. In 1754 he had shops established at Pisiquid, (AVindsor) Minas, (Horton) and other places, where he sold goods and spirits to tlie French and Indians. He had still houses in Halifax where lie made rum which he supplied to the troops and the navy. Mr. Mauger had some dirticulties with Governor Cornwallis regarding illicit dealing. He went back to England about 1761, and was appointed Agent of the Province in London, which he resigned in the following year, having secured a seat in the British Parliament. He owned much property in and about Halifax. The beacli at the entrance of the harbor, extending westerly from Cornwallis, now McNab's Island, was originally granted to Mr. Mauger, and still bears his name. Michael Franklin was a merchant from England who settled in Halifax about 1752 or 1753. He was elected a Member of Assembly in 1759, and appointed to His Majesty's Council in 1762. In 1766 he received the appointment of Lieut. -Governor of the Province, which he held until 1776, when he again took his seat at the Council Board. Governor Franklin was a most active and esteemed public oflicer. His name appears connected with almost all the transactions of importance which occurred in the town from 1763 to 1780. During the American Revolt, his exertions in support of British authority while administering the government, were in a great measure instrumental in preserving the tranquility of the province. He married a daughter of Mr. Botencau, of Boston, Jlistorii of Halifax City. 237 whose wife was a dangh . >f Petoi. Faneiiil of that city. He left several chilclreu. The la.e James Boteneau Franklin, for many years Clerk of the House of Assembly, was his eldest son. Mrs. I'ltzgerald Uniacke was his snind-daughter. Lewis Piers was a grand-sou of Sir" Henry Piers, 1st Bart, of Iristeruagh Abbey, Ireland. The Hon. Thomas Saul Avas the wealthiest and most enterprisin^r merchant from 174!) to 17G0. " The names of IJenjamin (Jerrish, Charles King, Henry Ferguson, Joseph Fairbanks, William Piggot, William Fury, James Grant, Jacob Hurd, Daniel Shatford, Samuel Sellon, Carles Mason. Lewis Piers and Robert Campbell appear on the lists of the Grand Jury between 1751 and 17^4. The following names appear on the register of early settlers — Richard AVenman, Thomas Keys, John Kdes, John Gosbee, Ralph Coulston, Kdward Orpen, John Christopher Laurilliard, Philip Knaut, Peter Burgman, Otto William Schwartz, John Jacob Preper John W^oodin, Andrew Wellner, Christopher Preper, Simon Thoroughgood. !• I 'J* 1 . ■I IliMonj of Halifax City, 239 APPENDICES. A. The following Ih a copy of the advert iscinent wliieli appeared in tlic London (iazctte, March, 171t> : "WiiiTKiiALL, 7th March, 1719. A proposal havlno; been presented nnto His Majesty for the establiHliujo- a civil "overnnient in the Province of Nova Scotia, in North America, as also for the better peoplino; and settlin<>; the said province, and extending and improving the tishery thereof by granting lands within the same, and giving other enconragenient to snch of the otiicers and private men lately dismissed His Majesty's land and sea service, as shall be willing to settle in said province. And His Majesty having signed his royal approbation of the report of the said proposals, the Right Honorable the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations do, by His Majesty's command, give notice that proper enconragenient will be given to snch of the otiicers and private men lately dismissed His Majesty's land and sea service as are willing to accept of grants of land, and to settle with or withont families, in Nova Scotia. That r>0 acres of land will be granted in fee simple to every private soldier or seaman, free from the payment of any qnit rents or taxes for the term of ten years ; at the expiration whereof no person to pay more than one shilling per annnm for every 50 acres so granted. That a grant of ten acres over and above the 50 will be made to each private soldier or seamen having a family for every person incUiding women and children of which his family shall consist, and from the grants made to them on the like conditions as their families shall increase, or in proportion to their abilities to cnltivate the same. That eighty acres on like conditions will be granted to every officer nnder the rank of Ensign in the land service, and that of Lieutenant in the sea service, and to such as have families, fifteen acres over and above the said eighty acres, for every person of which their family shall consist. That two hundred acres on like conditions will be granted to every Ensign, three hundred to every Lieutenant, four hundred to every Captain, and six hundred to every officer above the rank of Captain. And to such of the above mentioned officers as have • families, a further grant of thirty acres will be made over and above their respective quotas for every person of which their family shall consist. 11 a ;u 240 Nova Scotia Historical Society. I ^1 n ■ ^ ^f ■I \i =3 ■!■; ^j That the lands will be parcelU'd out to the settlors as soon as possible after their arrival, transports. WiuTKHVLL, April 18, 1749. Lieut. -Col. Cornwallis made Colonel and Commander of the Forces destined for Nova Scotia, with a salary of £1000 per annum. May 9, 1749. Hon. Edward Cornwallis to be Cai)tain General and Governor-in- Chief in and over the Province of Nova Scotia or Acadia. C. Extract from a letter in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1749 : Boston, 10th July, 1749. We have advice that two French men-of-war of 80 guns, and 20 transports, with a Governor and troops for a garrison, have arrived at Louisburg. The French Government offered Governor Hobson to transport his garrison to Chebucto, Avhich was accepted, and orders came to discharge the vessels taken up here for that service. Col. Cornwallis, Governor of Nova Scotia, arrived at 111. 242 Xova Scot III, Ilisfoi'ii'dl Sochhj, i! "•■4 ^ . Cliebucto'on 2lst .lime* in tlio Sphinx, and ('apt. Konwo in i\ Hloop of war, and llftcen tiunwportH with 2000 advontnivrs on hoard, whose , first scttloniont will ho at or near C'lu'lmcto, where the (lovernoi'j intended to keep the transports till next yi'iw for the convenience of the people, especially the wonu'ii and children, nntil honses arc Imilt. 'I'lie same enconraficnient that has lu'en ^iven to the liritish ilishanded soldiers is <>'iven to (lovernor Sherlev's and Col. Pcpperell's reents. Hnni was sold at Lonishnrjj; for '.Ul. per gallon, and molasses extremely cheap. The French lost a great number of men in their passage to Lonislmrg by the small pox, yellow fever, etc., but the transports at C'hel>ucto lost only one child. I). The following account of the expenditure on the settlement for the year 174i), was submitted to Parliament by the J.ords Connnis- sioners of Trade and Plantations : Blankets, WfxAena and Shoes for the settlers, ami presents for the Indians t I ,;W."» 4 S Lines, Nets and Hooks for Fishery, Stationery, Surveyors" liistrninents, lirieks an 12 1> Liuhterage and Shipping off the settlers, package and charges of Hospital Stores, a Surgeon witli medicines by the Transport from Liveipool, and the Union Snow XU't li Medicines, Sugar, Live Stock, for the voyage, and Drugs, Instruments and necessaries for the Hospital (JHO 14 S French Bibles n>-2 1" lU Cash paid for victualling for settlers 12,008 (i Treasurer of the Navy's account for Bedding and Victualling during voyage 7,3.'>4 19 Ditto, on account of the Sarah, Transport, from LiverjMjol 07 IS 8 Treasurer of the Ordnance account for Held pieces, swivel guns, 81 mil arms and powder .S,.")92 4 4 Printing and incidental expenses by directions of Lordsj Com- missioners of Trade 44") 19 10 Ventilators for six Transports 102 1 1 (i 2 Fire Engines 72 1« Pay of Surgeons, Apothecaries, Midwife, exclusive of what they received at Halifax S60 Silver and (iold carried out by the Governor 3,922 S Bills of Exchange drawn by the Governor, the account of the expenditure not yet received 11 ,452 1.3 4 Bill to Capt. Ives for a boat 40 The Treasurer for Scales and Weights 21 7 Bills drawn by Delancey & Watt, of New York, for Silver sent to the Province <),52.3 o 9 * The mcmorandnni on the first page of t he rcRister of settlers makes the date of Com wallis's arrival the 8th June— the writer of this letter may have been misinformed. jriHtnnt of Halifax Cittf. 243 4 4 llioiniifi Haiuleock, Kh(|., for Moiinlii, IMaiik, 2 StlwtonorH, Halt iukI Money Hhippud to pun 'wwo iiwiterialH for uhUh £ l,rt28 l.T Hilla drawn l»y H. Martin, f rouj jloston 570 m 6 i'.V2,H()4 2 7 To tlio TranHport Service for c Mvtying the SettlerB to Nova tSuotia, etc o.'} (172 1 3 To (jiovernor Cornwallis for personal outfit .i'7«,47« 3 10 fiOO i:76.976 3 10 (rtignc(l) CmusToi'iiKK Kildy. Account Hubinittea to Pnrlitiinent by the Lord« Commiasioners the followinj? year : Blankets, Woolens and Shoes for nettlers, and presents for Indians £, Supplies for Fishery, Surveyor's Instruments, liricks and (ianien Seeils Lighterage and Shipping Settlers, package and charges of Hos- pital Stores, etc Medicines, Sugar, Live Stock, Drugs, Instruments, etc., for 1,325 4 8 2,729 12 9 330 3 Hospital P'rench Bibles ... Cash paid for Victualling ' ' ttlers Treasurer of the Navy's .. ,0; nt for Bedding and Victualling during voyage Ditto on account of Sarah, Transport, from Liverpool Treasurer of the Ordnance account for field pieces, swivel guns, small arms and po wder Printing and incidental expenses by directions of the Lords of Trade Ventilators for 6 Transports Two Fire Engines Bill to Capt. Ives for a Boat The Treasurer for Weights and Scales Thomas Handcock, Esq Pay of Surgeons, Apothecaries aiid Midwife, exclusive of what they received at Halifax To Transport Service for conveying settlers to Nova Scotia .... Fees thereon Fees on money received from the Exchequer, exclusive of the sums charged on the foregoing articles To Freight, Bed, Bedding and Cabins for 514 passengers on board the Alderney, Nancy, Fair Lady and Two If riends, Transports, and incidental expenses attending embarkation, etc. , etc To expenses repairing and fitting Sloop, New Casco (iratuities 322 Foreign Protestants from Holland Cash paid on account of Victualling settlers Cash to Treasurer of Ordnance for Bills drawn by Governor To Governor Cornwallis for the purchase of stores, payment of officers, package of stores, artificers and laborers, and con- tingent expenses, exclusive of £2,500 paid to his regiment for the four pence stopped for provisions to 11th Sept., 1750 Lieut. Martin's disbursements at Boston, for materials, vessels and stores 680 14 8 102 17 10 12,008 5 7,354 19 67 18 8 3,592 4 4 445 19 10 102 11 72 16 40 21 7 1,528 15 6 800 23,672 1 3 147 19 9 473 4 6 3,144 4 4 833 19 6 338 2 4,500 1,000 35,268 2 6,503 18 2 ^t* 244 Nova Scotia Historical Society, ■ \ si ,. "i To Apthorp & Handcoek, flisbiirsements at Boston, for inateriala, vessels and stores £ Tlios. (Winter's iiills remitted him at Boston, on account of Expedition to Chignecto Jienj. (ireen, Treasurer, l)y liis account from Sept. 20, ITjO, to Nov. 30, 17")0 Richard Bulkley, Paymaster of Works, from 1st August, 1750, to Nov. 30 To hire of Transports retained in the service and not paid by the Navy To Foreign Settlers employed in public works at 12d. per day, ti\l the money advanced is tliereby reimbursed To Col. Phillips' (now Corn wallis') Regt., to return deductions for provisions to Christmas, 1750 To provisions supplied Cols. Warberton's and Lascelles' Regts. , Vrtillery Company, Independent Companies, seamen in vessels, laborers and artificers Victual and transporting Lascelles' Regt. from Ireland To Office of Ordnance for Timber, Materials and Tools sent from Annapolis, hire of ve sels, magazine of powder and payment of officers and artificers employed by the Board Cr. By account of Money granted by Parliament for Nova Scotia Colony Regiment, March 23, 1748, granted upon account towards the charge of transporting to His Majesty's Colony of Nova Scotia, and supporting and maintaining there such reduced officers, etc. , etc £ 40,000 1749. (^ranted upon accoiuit foi' defraying the charges incurred by transporting to H. M. Colony of Nova Scotia, and sup- porting and maintaining settlers not provided for by Par- liament ■ .36,476 3 10 1749. Granted on account for supporting, maintaining and employing the settlers, March 19, 1750 39,778 17 2 Exceedings 57,682 19 3 £ 0,924 14 (1 2,000 3,021 14 4,073 10 3 4,002 2 4 1,005 ... yl9 5 8 17,832 8,581 3 3 8 9 10,417 15 2 3 £173,838 3 £173,938 2 3 CilT'tiTOPHER KiLBV. The charge for contingencies, and the last charge of £10,417 15. 3., probably embraf^e the expenditure on (lovernment buildings — the two churches of England, 8t. Paul's and St. Matthew's ; alsf) the fortifications and other government works then in progress. Whitehall, February 20, 1750. Estimate for 1751 £74,970 Estimate for 1756 £61,657 1752 90,6.39 1757 40,068 753 58,.559 1 758 15,7.5.^ 1754 47,741 1759 13,081 1 755 55,799 History of Halifax City. 240 E. 40,068 15,7r)3 13,081 The following extracts are from the letters of a French oflicer after the siege of Louisbnrg : " The eyes of all Europe are fixed on this formidalile armament; they have assembled an army of 22,000 men, IGOO brought from Europe, the remainder provincial militia, witli a large train of artillery and munitions of war, 22 line of battle-shii)s and 200 transports. Yet Admiral Ilolburn, who appeared off Louisburg with 22 sail of men-of-war, took it into his head that our luimbers were equal to his own, and has made his Avay back to Halifax. They will ask him there, why did you run away ? Oh \ says he, a superior force venit, vedit, fugit. It is vexatious that 'the first squadron which France lias equipped since 170;} should be shackled with orders only to keei) a look out. If ever there was a certainty of firing gunpowder to the renown of the white Hag, it was on the 1 9th August, when Holburn appeared off Louisburg." In some of his subsequent letters he appears to give a very accurate account of the seige, and some facts relative to the war not to be found in any history of that period. In speaking of the landing of Wolfe at the head of the Highlanders and the American Light Troops — " It is the interest of the conquered not to diminish the glory of the victor, and besides it is our duty to do justice even to our mortal enemy, for which reason I confess that the English on this occasion behaved with such valor as before the event must have appeased temerity. Yet it must be allowed that at the same time the difficulty of the enterprise does them infinite honor, it saves ours ; who woulti have forseen that they would have ventured to have climbed rocks till then rendered inaccessible, under a heavy fire from our batteries, notwithstanding their boats were ev6ry moment knocked to pieces in the surf, which drowned great numbers. In speaking of the capitulation he soys : " Though reduced to the last extremity we demanded far more advantageous terms than we had reason to expect. After a consultation between Admiral Boscawen and General Amherst, an unconditional surrender was demanded. Dracourt, the Governor, extremely exasperated at those terms, resolved to hold out, but was compelled to give in on receiving a most peremptory petition on the part of the inhabitants, presented b}' M. Prevost. The capitulation was signed on 15th Jidy, 1758, after a bloody siege of two months. On the day following, our troops were drawn up, and the colors and arms surrendered to General Whitmore, who took command of the town. The evening before the English took possession of the 246 Nova Scotia Historical Society. 1 , town, we siiflfered our soldiers to plunder the magazines, and the priests spent the whole night in marrying all the girls of the city to the first who would have them. No one here can perceive, at least by any personal inconvenience, that we are in a conquered town. The garrison has embarked with as much tranquility as if it had been going on a voyage of pleasure. Every soldier has taken away whatever belongs to him without suffering the least injustice. M. De Dracourt has received all the honors which a person of his rank deserved ; Admiral Boscawen has shown all the respect to Madam De Dracourt as were due to her merits. This lady has performed such exploits during the siege as must entitle her to rank among the most illustrious of her sex, for she fired three cannon every day in order to animate the gunners. After the surrender she interested herself in behalf of all the unfortunates ; in this number M. Maillet de Grandville was a striking instance of the instability of fortune. He left France at the age of 17, arrived at Quebec in indifferent circumstances ; by his industry and application to business, he accumulated a vast fortune which enabled him to purchase the Lordship of St. Louis, which cost him 80,000 livres ; but now, by the taking of Louisburg, he is left quite destitute with a numerous family." F. Halifax, July, 1752. A list of the families of English, Swiss, etc., which have been settled in Nova Scotia since the year 1749, and who now are settlers in the places hereaiter mentioned. North Suburbs of Halifax. , -erf 33 u) t6 m^ «S3 «!±< ceS a^ Heads ok Families. ^S g o ^9 H h Sl John Scutt Edmund Dwight Benjamin Brown . . . . William Gindler Samuel Shipton Charles Procter Jonathan Hoar Gerchon TufFa Preserved Cunnable . William Bourn Matthew Barnard . . . William Rundal Anthony Caverly . . . Charles Hay Nathaniel Henderson 2 1 5 1 3 2 2 1 2 9 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 .3 3 2 1 3 5 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 1 6 9 i» 2 5 6 10 5 1 1 4 2 o 2 5 6 19 5 1 1 4 2 History of Halifax City. North Siburhs. — (Contixiei).) 24; Heads ok Families. Henry Chad wick Samuel Lyne Thomas Fitzpatrick Judah Ri^er Ezekiel Gilman John Kinselagh Benjamin Ivea Mrs. Decorot Josiah Crossby William Harris Benjamin Phippeny (ieorge Uerrish Robert Norman John Cox Edward Bowden John Tongue Samuel Tanner Samuel Chandler George Sanders John Christian Mulhlhe . . Ernst Preper Christopher Harness Charles Robins , Ezekiel Wildman Walter Motley Charles Christ Peter Schahlan Peter Mozar John Hoffens Peter Wayte Thomas Hay Jacob Cheney John Jones Mary Birin Charles King John Porter Joseph Pratt Daniel Brewer William Hunstable Benjamin Storer Jasper Battel Ulrich Dithoe Hans. Geo. Kohl Joseph Chadwick Christopher Warner John Christopher Rodoph . John Burger Erad John A. Le Mand Ludovick Schnerr « ?«5 3 I 13U 2 1 2 7.") 2 3 1 g 2 2 2 2 5 1 2 42 1 4 1 63 ES o 4 a 5 2 m I o 6 4 10 2 2 4 4 4 3 ft 8 4 6 4 4 I 2 10 '} 3 3 () I 3 3 S t 4 2 4 3 3 I t 8 ft 30{» 2 18 Nova Scotia Hhtorical Society. Swiss and Germans in the Noiitii Suburbs. '■r^^ \ ] Heads of Families. dig. Liidk. Hagelsieb Jolin Peter Tahu .... Michael Brier I^a renz IJusgler Looiiliard Urieh .Jacob Craft Wondal Ramjer (iciorge Storch Peter Klattenburger . Michael Clouser .... Aliehael Morash Jacob Schmidt Joseph Ley Rirthel Hans Jacob Moser ('onrad Hall .Jacob Hall .Joseph Bley Michael Ley K izabeth Werner ... Magdalen Orell Benedict Mayhofer . . Aodreaa Kalb Adam Ruiidl U ' rich Seeger Daniel Schinnaker ... .lohn .Jacob Schmidt . Adam Luty Conrad M ucher (iodfried Knotz Peter Lawner Ciodfried Torpel Jacob Tanner •Johannus Buhofer . . . < Jeorge Nagel Rudolph Pense Adam Wambolt Peter Wambolt Riichart Sclutp M ichael Hags; Michael (timber . ... Adam Buhler Andreas Young Beringer . . . Casper Hickman Henrick Oxner .lean Mange Casper Lehry Peter Estmann Johannus Lonus Loui Eouton 53 t "S ts !S'-o ^O rt « «u rt fc- ti > P > tS « P ^ ^5 ST) p ^1 1 4 I 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 T 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 I 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 T 1 2 1 1 I 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 T 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 ...... 3 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 2 1 i> 1 J 1 ] 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 I 1 1 2 2 2 ] ] 1 4 o 2 1 1 2 2 1 o <.y 1 1 1 ..... 1 3 2 . . . . . 1 4 1 o 4 4 12 3 3 4 3 ;') .'t i> 3 3 7 8 .? 2 3 3 2 7 I 3 2 2 6 5 .5 6 2 ^ 6 \ 2 4 2 .? 2 2 2 3 7 4 2 3 o 4 4 12 3 3 4. 3 a 7 8 a 3 a 3 2 7 1 3 •t- 5 5 6 2 3 6 '4- 2' 4 2: 8^ 2 e 3 7 4 2 Jliiitoni of JIdlffax Ciitj. NouTir SrBiuns.~(CoNTiMKi).) 24 !i Heads ok Famiues. .2' .2 iJ« S o ii .^ ■je u «S(; s « = « 5! O r o ■^"3 c-- r5j r-'^ •^ C r^ C rt *•§ 3 t-S Casper Trilliau Augustin Wolf Anton Halton Matthias Nagel FniDciska .S(3huiiler . Ludwig Ko^nig Nicliokis VVolt Johannes Sehroeder. . Johannes Loesten . . . . Utriek Klett Maria .Schlittcr Jolianiuis Millei- Joha;uies Hoaif (ieoige Vogler Jacob Paulus Coiirade Werner Matlieus Finer Andreas Sronnagel . . . Jacol) Heish Ceorge PoIIeber Uhristian Finis Sperry Adam Jung Johann Jung 0] 1 2 1 I 1 2 I 2 i 1 2 2 2 2 ] 41 13 1 1 26 o 12 4 4 2 4 S 4 6 8 o 4 7 7 141 250 ..'1 U so ■I, •I:; Nova Scotia Historical Societi/. South Suhurus. Heads of Familiks. Mary Fvan<'o , Thomufti Lath liii Jonathan Presoott * . , Joseph Koat VMinund CpviV'ley f . .' -ht) Winit'on \ il'iam Trel'oy Darby Cavanaugh . . , Kdward Liiah , Alice Twyny James Ridtler John Crooks James Hiekens , James Pierpont John Shippey Peter, a negro John Call , Ruth Wheeler Joseph Harris Richard Peirie Francis Coburne , Charles Terlaven . . . , Darby Sullivan John Jackson (iregory Ives Samuel Sellon Isaac Underdunk . . . , (ieorge Featherstone Maurice Welsh , Andrew Shepperd . , William Mallus .... Phillip Hammond . . Solomon Reed , Joseph Evans , John W^alker Thomas Nunan George Knox Joseph GuUison .... Jason Chapman , . . . . Rebecca Baldwin . . . Richard Manning James Cane Dennis HiefiFernon . . W^illiam Wickham . . John Rider Josiah Marshall .... Joseph Pierce John Steel .■3 3 11 I 4 H 4 I a 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 5 8 1 5 5 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 I 2 2 2 4 ;s-o C0 rr,.ji .fi" x-=; c' =; «» ,Sk :i i- a > «iJ a « ss %% E» 5 5 1 5 2 5 6 3 7 * Father of the late Hon. Charles Prescott. t Afterwards Member of Council, & 3 4 13 3 5 7 7 2 4 5 3 4 7 3 5 7 8 2 8 8 1 6 2 2 6 5 3 4 10 4 4 2 6 4 2 4 (> 5 5 1 5 2 5 6 3 7 ///.s^or.v oflTah'fax Ciff/. Sorni Slulkii.s.— (CoxTiMKD.) 2.')1 Hkadb ok Famimkh. Malachy Salter Charles Kaiiicr .leroiiiiali Rogers . M'eter, Maniuis D'Conti and 4 6 (> 10 4 8 T) 7 (i 3 2 3 3 7 3 2 5 o ^ 3 2 3 3 S 3 3 I A Sicilian Nobleman, who came with a number of settlers from the West Indies. He was afterwards a Lieutenant of one of the companies of Rangers 252 ^>- Nova Scotia HiMorical Society. SoiTH Sninms. — (Continikd.) Hkads ok Familiks Cornelius Crowley . . , Nathaniel Millctt . . . Peter Wallace John .Slayter Martin Ludovig John Wisdom George Cheshire George Featherstone . Richard Sparks Jacob Hurd William Williams . . . Jedediah Harris . . . . Abraham Slayter . . . . Richard Winter John Arlmckle Perfect Miller Mary Miller Samuel Greenfield . . . Moses Clarke Lewis William Matthews William (Miristopher Thomas W^alker Daniel Hills Richard Williams Daniel Farrel James Fidlerton Nathaniel Mason Aaron I'orter Jacobus Derkindrekin William S«ward Joshua Orne EliasGirott Richard VVenman Daniel Shatford Charles Henderson Jonathan Harris Patrick Cambell Aaron Cleveland James Monk Samuel Crafts William Russel Aun Wenmen, in Orphan House Joseph Palmer, in Hospital Michael Naddow Joseph Gerrish Dennis Mehaney John Conway Mrs. Taylor Michael Lawler So s > ^1 '/.(id oS 1 = 3 1 1 t 65 21 1 27 1 1 1 1 1 2 I 1 1 1 1 ...... ,3 3 1 ""2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 4 11 1 3 1 o H 6 3 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 3 r* 5 T) 3 s 4 2 »> 3 1 3 3 4 2 8 4 1 4 2 6 T) 3 4 6 3 5 5 8 8 fiO 19 22 "T 28 2 Cy 1 2 f • « o H 2 6 3 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 3 it 1 5 r> 3 3 H 4 1 2 o 3 1 1 3 1 3 4 5 o 1 8 4 1 4 2 6 6 5 3 4 6 3 5 2 5 4 8 8 60 11 19 22 1 28 2 1 6 1 2 Iliftfnrif nflTHllfax City. South Si luuns.— (Coxtixiki).) 2").'] Hrads of Familieh » ata «o a: ^,2 *^ S O ?, CO O c8 £-0 3 H Petur Murpil. . . John (iallant. . . Nicholas Nagler I Swiss Josiah Bmcliet . I 1 1 17 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 '> 3 1 T AViTiHx TiiK Town of IIalikax. IIkads ok Families x2 So a > B o Si; « a Tliomas Power Joshua Mauger William Steele, Esc] Benjamin ( ierrish Robert Cowey Abigail Ward William Austin Thomas Matterson Freilerick lieeker William Schwartz Isaac Deachamps Madam D'Pacciuet John Brown Thomas Fulford Lewis Pierce Tiiomas (irenoak Leonard Lockmau * William Ford John Joluistoiie Tliomas Luke Leonard Cotton William and Edward Nichols , James Brenock Thomas Oakes Mr. VVIieyland Jolin Wcllenon (Wellenor?) . . Thomas Price Vernon Merefield 11 14 2 o 1 il 3 21 o 15 20 4 4 11 2 3 3 3 4 2 9 I 9 3 4 4 10 3 r» 4 3 * Leonard Lockman waw a Gernmn. In early life he practised medicine. He afler- wardH held the rank of Major in t.lie aiinv, which he received for aervicos rendered to the Urif ish (jovernnient. He cam*; out with the settlers in 1749, and eventually settled in the North Suburbs. He died at Halifax, and was buried beneath the old Uennan Church on Hrunswick Street, where his monument etHl reniaint). Lockuian Street was named after him. 4, W 254 Nova Scot in IliHtorical Society, WiTiriX THE ToWX OF II.VMrAN'. — (('oXTIMKI).) ii ■ > Heaps ov Famiurs. td x^ «o X.J £- li: ^ u a 4) « i< "1 II SI ^1 John Brown Allen Usher Jeremiah P^it/siniona . . . Daniel McCylster John Panier Peter Anohote John Anbony David Loyd Thomae Hani Alexander Keddy Jane Knight ^Villiam Brew John Marlow Jacob Cone George Twelve's wife . . John William Hotfnian. Mr. Snrget James Fitzgerald James Stewson Redman James Colbeck Alexander Abercrombie John Baxter (jiles Harris William Pierce Edward Luky James Patfield Widow Clerk William Davis Melony John Steinford Ceorge Suckling Alexander Allen Widow Henry Thomas Frost P'phraim Cook by M r. Brown James Colvill Thomas Moore Josepli Maseen Edward Potter ( 'hina Brownjohn Francis Lock Daniel Stewart Robert Grant John Stockley Edward Marguin (ieorge Greenwood . . . . James Smith John Collier, Est^ .'{ I .S 2 o 2 m t 1 10 1 2 O {\ 7 .S 4 10 2 n 'A 2 ii 2 ?) 3 .S 3 2 2 I f) 1 4 fi '» 3 2 T 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 Ki () 3 4 3 4 8 ,') 3 r. ^ 7 a' (( 7 4 10 2 11 o . •i 2 2 I 5 I 3 3 1 3 2 2 1 f) 1 i 4 1 H 2 1 Q I 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 10 I (5 2 5 3 1 4 I 3 1 4 2 S r» r. i llhtonj of Jf(ilif((.r Citji. Within tmk Town uv IIamiax.— (Contim ki>.) It Oil William l'i),'g(»tt William host William HeiulurHon . Aimo Woodsiilu . . . , John t'oimor Hicliui'il Hurry William Heyslii|» ... .lolm I'elcr l)o lirace John Raet John Mundy Richard Sti ' itton . . . , Joseph Cinirohill . . . . Laurence ( 'ollins . . . , John Humphreys . . . . Jo.seph Coeisiiton . . . . Ehenezer Petty .... Rol)ert Howden TiionuiH Xewnuin . . . . William (irithn James Huston Thomas Hagan Thomas Mannen Edwanl liutler John (4rant Kdwai'd Orpin John Vintenon Thomas Hranham . . . . Henry Wilkinson. . . . William Wright Henry Wynn Paul Pi'itv^hard Alexander Forbes . . . William White John Pfall Thomas Wilder Thomas (ireensword . (Jeorge Nelson Robert Parfect William McCarty . . . John Ewes James Fallon William Johnson . . . . 'I'homas (Janipbell . . . James Porter William Vanfelson . . flames Ff>rd Rol)ert Freeman Jolin Wooden William Roaoock. . . . Peter Parkman lAjXtkryC' :i •f. "" 7 1 3 4 (( 2 •> i 3 2 2 I) 3 2 1 1 2 «> 3 1 1 4 1 I ! 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 o 1 7 3 4 2 T 1 2 2 1 1 3 4 2 2 1 2 '> 1 1 » 4 ? I 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 .I 1 1 2 T i 3 2 I 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 I o 11 f) n 4 H 7 4 2 (i 4 3 7 (} 2 iT 3 4 2 3 2 r> 2 2 4 a 4 2 fi (> /) 2 2 2 3 S 3 3 t i 4 2:tC, Xoi'd Smfin Jlhtnrii'dl SociHi/. Within tiik Town oi- Hai.ikax. — (Continikd.) il J." J, '4 IlKAim OK Familikh, Matthew ir()|>kinM . . . fllllllOH DoUglllHH ilollll Muu(1h Miuy lloliertson Mary WillianiH Nathan Nathans • iooryii Tayh)r Patrick Furh)iig .l(»hn Shvyter John Ker iJoliii (!lcwloy (JaiTot Mea(i Charles Mason Matthew MeNenmia. ( Jeoige Frank John Wehh lloheit Ewor Peter Martin Miciiael Mullineanx . Thomas Reeve John Bohanan Hay Kuste, IJntter Thomas (Johlcn . . . William Williams . Kdwanl Leo ilames liannerman . Hiehard Bnlksley. . ffohn Franks (-hristopher Cooke. Ilohert Dickie Josepli Wakefield . Tliomas liryant . . . Kdward L'Cras. . . . Lawrence Ren . . . . J<»hn Fenly William Walker . . Mr. liruce Thomas Rnndal . . . Wigel . . , Mark Cullymore . . Nathaniel (iosford , John Naymers . . . . Davis Townsend. . . John Cloary John Kent William C^rafts . . . , Rosana Scott Patrick Hritt .,o- ^2' ■J JiZ kz C8 > s > *^ S5 il s^ 4 1 ir> i") (• 2 ?) 4 2 4 .'{ T) 4 (( (» 4 »> .•I 2 2 4 li 4 S 4 4 r> 7 o a i" -i ) ^ H (1 • 1 II •J • •1 4 3 IS •» U) 4 I r* 5 I 4 1 \n r. 2 (i •> 1 f) 2 .s 1 3 4 t> ^ . . 4 ;< T) 1 4 3 (\ (i 4 »> r* . . / r. 1 .'{ i> • • t) 1 4 •J •> 4 o 8 4 4 r» 1 7 o i i> WMfori/ nf IIa)lj)ix Citif. Within tiik Town oi- IIai.ii. \x.— (Contintki).) 257 IIkadh ok Famimkk. ''• a s It William Hcarslo * Joaenli Knnl William Katon . . . •laiiifH Tato Samuel Spni^'iic . . Stcplit'ii Mdviiic . 1 M 1 •'< •J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '\ 1 Within tiik Pk KKTsf «»i IIai.ii ax. Heads ok Kamimbh. ..«' r-ji 50 ■»:-^ i: "3 ii i: "5 t" rt > s i* c ^ « ^1 SI 3 £l JameH Viokars .Io»j1 Waterman . . . . Uatherii)e Austin . , . Andrsw Maxvell . . ilohu (latter Luke .Siiippey Henry Sweetlaml . . . Jonathan Markham Fiancis Porter Matthew Corker . . . Thomas Landurkin . CSrittin Jenkins Mary Hollowell . . . . Ktlwanl Castlo Mrs. Wliitehand . . . John Crowley Philip Knaut Stoiker Nelson John Lowrey . . . . . Joseph Scott Israel Abrahams . . . Thomas Ames Thomas Dame J^onjamin Lee Mary Cooper . Michael Kexton . . . . George Popplewell . John ]]eswick John South Richard Mollis * Captain in the army. t Between Buckingham Street and the present Blowers Street. o H I ;< ;i I o H 1 .> 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 (i 2 .( 1 1 1 4 W 7 1 1 .S 1 ») 1 » o •> 1 • t • * . 2 1 T) 1 i .s 2 1 4 2 1 (> 1 1 3 1 i 4 5 1 2 10 1 1 1 4 2 1 4 T >) '> ~t 1 »> 1 1 .'{ 1 ') 2 i 4 } ■il 'i , '.I ;{ 258 -^^jt'(t Scotia Iliston'cal Society. WiTiiix TiiK Pickets of Halifax. — (Continued.) Heads ok Famii.ik.s. Mr. Reynolds •Jcanics Whellon William (iiles Frederick liarley Ezekiel lUidd iTosiah Hardy John Kdnuuidson James Thompson Mary Webl) Timothy Cane James Hantield James Hal trig I-aac Solomon James Thorp Samuel lilockden Elizabeth (lunnel Eleanor Cannon 'IMiomas Walker Charles Morris Josiah Millekin John Codman Lewis Hays William Moore WiJiam Cannon Sanniel MoClure Henry Fielding Patrick Kennedy John Walker Benjamin Fogg William Foye Otis Little Hngh Vans Lewis Frignet Joseph Antrims Benjamin Creen, Estj . . H. J. O'Brien Bartholomew Kneeland Joseph Fairbanks James Fillia John Rous Joseph Rous John (ireensword William Fury Debtors in Gaol Criminals William Falkner !S /;«> « 'l\^ (Ci-I tCrt Vp^ ^ II « o c y 5 l\ I 1 1 1 1 I I W /) 2 2 2 4 I 1 1 2 .S 2 2 4 4 2 W 2 2 }> 1 '> 4 17 W I!) S 1 o H 2 T 2 (i 2 4 I .•{ W ."» .S w (» ;{ •> .1 s 'A r> .") i") (> s 4 .■) ."> !) 7 10 21 (i I!) S I ?;«» - — . • cs u a 5 O &1 1 3 ."» , >> 1 o 1 () <> 4 1 1 1 'i .") 1 :i 1 'A 4 !» 2 .-{ 1 >> 1 .> 1 s 2 ~> .) >) 1 ;") 1 •s 1 ~i •) 1 o (> i H 4 t) 1 o ] 9 m 1 3 10 >> !> ^ / 21 1 (i 1!) S 1 Wstorij of Halifax Cit>/. 259 On Several Islands and Haubohs, Employed in Fisiieuy. Heads of Famiues, above 16. Females above 16. <^ a 13 l1 On Coknwallis Island : Ciipt. .Josepli Rouse 4 t .■» 10 " Maiif^er •' Cook Ihadsluiw 1 32 10 () li 1 2 At Ketch Hakbok : .John (Iiacu 1 Capt. (Jill - — Brown 2 1 ..... At Samhro Island : C'apt. Matteison 19 21 1 4 1 1 2 Thomas Younttston 1 I At St. Margaret's Hay : IJcnjaniin Frog 22 10 13 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 James Ford Adam Clown I 1 Allen 29 2 2 1 Laboueus Employed in His Majesty's W<»kks on Okouge's Island. Heads ok Families. tCr-l ti > ca o ^ a 3 el ■3 Richard Reeve 11 1 I 1 1 1 1 3 Thomas Leak Patrick Hamilton 3 2 Cornelius Larigan 2 Laborers 11 260 •n •1 !i 'A-f ■ J ^ova Scotia Historical Society. At the Block Housp: and thk Isthmis. Hkads of Families. Adam Schafner Jacob Soloer Johannes Frederick . . . , Peter Moeser Richard Voleker Adolph Henokel Philip Krepof Casper Meisner Johanims Hoars Henrick Hiltz Henrick Mertz Johanna M. (iirtler. . . . Margaretta Hoars Philip Sponnagel Michael Westhoefer . . . Wilhelm Wensell Johannes Forrokner . . . Ferdinand Sludt/ Christian Schmidt Johannus Schnok Christopher Schafner . , Lorentz Conrat Jacob Brande Philip Winter Johannus Knaut VVenel Wust George Evalt Adam Lehnhart Conrad Graff Jacob Berger Philip Sigler Frederick Heison Henrick Lehn Johannas Barget Andrew Walter Henrick Minok Wilhelm Knveller Adam Fileoh Andrew Saner Eva (iibhart Peter Krauner Jacob Seely Adam B'-ettinger Caspar a^itricli Christian (^othart Johannes Schmidt John Sebastian Nicolas Ditrich Klauter Ludovig Feller Leonard Anton Freher . (6 'i\'-^ «a k --S Ao "3 0) ijt !S t- 11 •A i* n A p ft. p o 3 2 o T 6 4 (i I 4 o 4 W ") 2 .S .3 >2 S 2 2 2 4 1 5 2 2 T o 2 4 4 (> () 2 1 Ft / .) f") 2 2 T 2 1 1 V-s t- ^ « t- c3 -13 J s H -1 s Ilistonj of Halifax City. 201 At TiTK Blook Hocse axd the Isthmus.— (Coxtixueo.) Heads ok Familiks. ..'^ W«5 (O iS«5 xS v;:^ Bo 13 a iit. cS ^ S > P ^ sS « ~ SB £- Is rt ^ d ^ Lauren/. Lahn . . . . AndfcuH Veloeker Ludovig Sohnocr . I'liilip Hirohuian . Anna Luse Caspar Qenok . . . . Miilip Rotehauser Conrad Teele Michael Mei-okel . (leorge (J rant . . . . Parte I Hoarse. . . . Alon Ofetcrtav . . . . 2 1 2 I 2 2 1 1 i) 1 I 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 i) i 1 o H !■> S Is SB OS eS « 11 50 f^ c Is Witliin the Pickets oi .u.aifax Within the North Siiburhs 4()8 60 84(5 317 420 81 168 73 (522 20". 169 47 13 66 279 io.-> 11 a 29 18 38 28") 138 10.1 38 3 39 G08 2032 7()o Within the South Suhurhs 818 Within the Town of Dartiuoutli . . . Oil several Islands and Ilarhors em j)l()yed in Fishery, etc. Oil the Isthmus and the Peninsuh of Halifax. / J 19") 202 216 90c; 101-' 1122 r)84 4248 1914 1122 90(5 families, 1914 males over 1(5. 1 122 females over 16. 084 hoys under 16. (508 girls under 16. 792 excess of males over females (over 16). The foroooino- is copied from a book in the Crown Land OfTice, liavino; l»een in the Snrveyor (ieneral's odiee, apparently, since 17th May, 1771), as the bUudc knaves contain memoranda of different warrants of survey from that date to June, 1781. Copied dth December, 18(]2. 262 Nova Scotia Historical Society. ^:i ^1 i1 ji; , G. From the OentJemen's Mar/azine^ Vol. 20, 271. Haliiax, Nova Scotia, December 7, 1749. Deak Sru, — I have .at various times j^iven you the last account I was al)le of the state of offuirs in this Colony. The summer was beautiful beyond description ainl even the concept'' mi of those who are always confined within tlie liquid walls of 15r' .n. As to the winter, which you know T always dreaded, I do assure you 1 have felt severer weather in England. The people ac-niainted with this climate say that it began this year sooner than was ever known in the memory of man, and assure me likewise that it will not be more severe than it has been already ; if so, there is no danger to be apprehended from it. This you will r?ad.ily grant when I tell you, notwithstanding the tenderness of my .onstitution, to which you are no stranger, that 1 have not added a single thing, not so much as a great coat, to my dress since 1 liave been in this Province. When 1 look back upon the 21st .lune, the day of our arrival, I am astonished to see the progress made ; there are already about 400 habitable houses within the fortifications 'ind not less than 200 without. So suri)rising is the growth of this colony, so great the happiness of l»eing ruled by one wlio lias no other interest at heart but that of making thousands happy. From my soul I wish that all other govej'uors would copy such an amiable example of imitation ; he does not, like most othei's gripe and squeeze to accumulate a fortune ; on the contrary, he derives no profit to himself from a'^vthing, but, with the most unexampled generosity, gives all places and commissions gratis to the most deserving, nor suffers his officers to take any fees at present. You know wliat an Knglish rabble is (and the greatest part of this colony was such.) Vou know they are generally tumultuous, refractory, full of discontent and nnuMnuring, capricious in demanding favors, not long satisfied with present concessions, and not seldom abusing them I)}' restless imi)ortiinity for more. Such generally is fhe rabble of mankind, and sucli were many of the settlers of this [)rovince, but by his prudent inanagement and proper generosity, by his condescension, candor and ntt'ability, the (rovernor has charmed fhe tiger's fury and furned a sad tumulfuous rabltle into a tractal>le :nid (piiel people. Tliey now work with ten times the alacrity they G TlIK ElJKCTlOX OK A Ll(illT IToiSK AT SaMIJUO. At a Council liolden at tlie Govrs. House at Halifax, Frvdav, June 12th, ITiVi.* "^ ' PiMvSKXT— His Kxcellcney the (iovr. JJcnj. Green, ^Vn\. Steele ) John Collier, Geo. Fotherinohani, j ^''^^^l^'^' Resolved, That, Whereas a Light house at the Entrance of the Harbor of Halifax, would be greatly beneficial to the Trade, Navi- gation, and Fishery of this Colony, and might be the means of preserving the Lives and properties of many of his Majesty's Subjects, and whereas altho' many persons might willingly con- tribute towards so good a Woi'k without any " Expectation of a Heimbursement, yet probably many may more readily be concerned therein, Avlien attended with any hopes of promoting their own Interest at the same time. A Lottery, ticcording to the following Scheme, be set on foot for raising a sum of t'l")!) towards building a Lighthouse at or near Cape Saml)rough, (whereby, l)esides the advantages before men- tioned,) a considerable number of Settlers will be usefully employed for some time, and a great & lasting IJenelit to the province be gained, l)y a voluntary Tax upon tliose persons (amongst others) wdio at present contributed nothing towards the Expence of the Government whose protection & favour they enjoy. Scheme of a J.ottery for Raising £450 towards building a Light- house at or near C:>pe Samliorough : — The number of Tickets to be 1000 at £:) each, ,t';U)00. The num])er of Benefit Tickets to be 200, vizt. : 1 Prize of €r)00 £-,00 1 Ditto of ,'500 '.](){) •2 Ditto of 100 each 200 ;") Ditto of ,"(() each 250 10 Ditto of ;50 eacli ,",00 40 Ditto of 10 each 400 140 Ditto of 7 each il.SO I The lirst aivs to kocp ijoats con.statilly jiiissinK iiiid iM'passiiif^. bcl ween S'.iiiiso aii' shall be over — To be drawn publickly in tiie Town House, at Halifax under tho Direction of niana«ers to be appointed by his Excelly. the (iovr. as soon as all the 'I'ickets shall be disposetl of, and in case the said Tickets shall not l)e all disposed of, before ye .'5 1st Auj^t. next, tlio money reed, for uwy sold to be repaid to the j>ossessors thereof on Dennuul. KD: COKNWALLIS. I. Onveriior fJorn'raJh's* t>> Dnkc i>f Ticdford. (ropY.) CiiKiucro, 22nd .June, 1741). Mv LoKl> Dl KK, — I arrived here yesterday, — this morninii a Sloop arrived from Mv. Ho[)son, which I am oi»li<>ed to send to lioston in case any ship sliould be t»"oin«>; thence to Knuland. I would not ne«ilect an oi)por- tunity of writin"" to your (Jrace. I met the " Fair J^ady " storesin|) at sea the eleventh, after we had been from Knjjfland four weeks, who told me the Transports arrived at S|)itliead the day before he sailed, and were to sail in ihree days after him, we were then off the island of SaM", and excepi the Hist eiuht days had met with conti'ary wi..- ;-; ali the passai>;e, besides we had -;teered our course for Cape lJ;u m> but was foi-ct 1 oft' the banks by a <>;ale of wind from the North \X.4 so that I had reason to think the Transports mii>,ht be soon at Cheliuclo — we liad nobody on board that knew anything; of the coasts nor of the Hay of Funday, so were to cruize otT the coasts till we met with a pilot, we made the Coast of Acadie the 1 1th, but met with no pilot till the 2()th, when we met with a sloo|) from IJoston to liouisburii'ii with two pilots on board, for the use of the (iovei'uor, — the wind not serviuiL!; for tlie IJayof I'unday, and the olliccrs assurin<:; me in case of fo^tiy weather (not unusual U|)on those cojists) we mi;j;ht be a fortniiiht !L>t'ttin<>; to Annapolis. 'I'he wind was fair for Ciicbucto. so I thouiiiit it advisable to u'o in there rather than risk the being some weeks, per'rips, al'ti'r the settleis arrived. Tlii> Itonornidc krlwiird i'nrnwnllis was (Iflli son of CIiiiHcs, lliinl Huron (^orn- wnllis, \t\ liiiily ( 'liarlotli' lliillcr. (liiiiLflilcr of liMcliiird, K;\v\ of Arriui, imd nncli; (o tlif «i!(liral(i| pilKi' ol Orinoiidc II" \\iis lioiri '-':.'nil lA^hrnary, \~\IIA. Ili- was McniIxT of l':irliiinii'(i( (or IIm^ lM)rrii|i,'li of I'lyc in ITIII. imil in IT.Vi, siiorli,\' allcr his rclnrn f'-tii'i lliilifax, Ih' was clcrlcil for ilic ciiy of Wcstniinsicr. Il(; niafrit'd, the same yi .iv, a (iinii,^lil( r III I III' lad' J; ird 'ro\-. ii-^lii a I. hn I left no family. It. I7.V.I Ik; was made; a Vfajci (iciii'r.il, and was aflcrwards (linrinor of ( Jil»ra,llitr. ) ijiiK'oln. -Collihx' ((nil l),hi. Vs I'crrci/rH. I Ilitihii'n of UaJifax Ci'ti/. 265 els, and , to ye s over — i ir weeks, before he ; then off niol with ir course nd from ■ts mijj;ht iinythinji; ;e off the ■adie the I a sloop lie use of , and the )<)n those wind was ■re rsillu'r s arrived. Maroii ( 'oni - Illicit! t<» till' ,vas Mcml)!)- I'olurn f't'su iiim; VI :i»', i» ailiNi A.f,i.ii>i i< w.i-i (Avin v. ami un :< Ih Cai-oli >. I conld save the jjarrison of Louisburoh the bad and lon to comi' here with a (piorum of the Council as soon as possililc that J may open my connnission, take the oaths and appoint another Council, according to His Maje- leagues off ; some have been on board. As to the disposition of the French or Indians I can give Your Grace no account till 1 see Colonel ?trascarene, when I shall write more fidly and contiinie from time to time to actpianit Your (Irace of our proceedings. I wish the Frenc'i may not be uneasy at waiting so long on board for the evacuation of Louisburgh as it may l)e some time before Mr. Ilopson will get transports — it will, I fear, retard (lij .settlement. I am iV:c., ED. COKNWALLLS. P. S. — I expect the transports daily. His Grace the Duke of liedford. 200 J^ova Scotia Historical Society. , 1 j'.j Is • -r.i (From the Duplicate.) AVe cjiine to tiiichor in Merlignielie liuy, >viiere I was told there was a French settlement. I sent ashore to see the houses and manner of livin<; of the inhaltitants — tlu-re are hut a few families with tolerable wooden houses covered willi bjulc, ;i ti'ood many cattle and clear ground more tiuui serves tl»en)selves — tliev seem to he very [leaceable, say they always looked upon themselves ms Fujilish subjects, have their grants from Colonel Masiarene, the (lovernor of Annapolis, and showed an unfeigned joy to hear of the new settlement. They assure us the Indians arc (|uite peaceable and not at all to be feared — there are none hereabouts, I have, ».V:c., Fl). COHNWALLIS, (From the Duplicate.) This Frenchman will he there in three or four days — 'tis 21) leagues from hence to Minas, and the French have made a path for driving their cattle over here. •J, Governor CornwaUifi to Dul'o, of Bedford.* CiiKniTTo, JiLv 2;5rd, 1711). TNIv LoKi), — My last to Your Grace Avas of June 22nd, a duplicate of which is enclosed, — the 27th, the transi)orts appeared off the harbor and in a few days most of them got in. As their passage had been extremely good and none of them had in the least suffered, 1 foinul they would be ready to sail the moment the settlers should be put ashore. I despatched a sloop to Boston to countennand the order I had given, and sent to Mr. Ilopson to let him know J wotdd send in a few days trans[)orts to bring away his garrison. Mr. Ilopson had wrote me that he had agreed witli Desher])ier, the French Commissary, to make use of the French transports upon condition that in case the Knglish shii)s should arrive before they were all on board he should be at liberty to disembark them. I sent him one the 1st of .July and four more, the largest of the tleet, the oth. I own 1 was nnich disappointed in finding j\Ir. Ilopson unprovided with transports as 1 never had the least intimation that he was to wait for the ships that should l»ring the settlers. I have an account from Boston of July ;>rd that my second order got there soon enough to prevent all but one from sailing, but as they Avere all hired this will cause some expense ; they write )ne it will not be mucii. * John IluHficll, 4th Duke of Hcdford, wiih appointed Secretary of Statu in 1747-8 and resigned the ofHce in 1751. He was afterwards Minister Plenipotentiary to Franec. He died in mi.—Collinn' Pecraac Jliston/ of ILilifnx Citii. 2(;7 )l«l there iseH and families ny cattle in to 1)1! < Kn«iliHli Jovenior the new able and LIS. 'tis 2r) I path for .lulv I received fnun Mr. Ilopson copii-s of Iciters f roin inj»- an ae<'()iint of the le inoiuli of the 171i». f which is )or and in had been 1, I found dd be put the order o(dd send r. Ilopson le French comlition sere all on t him one he 5th. I mprovided he was to \n account ihere soon ■y were all vill not be in 1717-8 and t-y to France. (iovernor Shirley and Colonel Mascarenc ^iv French having' bcy sea ; another company I shall send to the head of the bay the road to Minas begins. I propose, likewise, a blockhou f way for the conveniency of travellers, and then to empi i the men I can get together, soldiers and inhabitants, to clear the road from hence to Minas ; 'tis about 30 miles in a direct line — whether this can be executed before winter I cannot say. Had the garrison of Louisbourg been arrived. ' North-west Arm. Ilisfo,'}/ of Ilidifnx Cihi. ?G0 thoy would Imvc n of iminite lulvantiijro ; at [.roHoiit I tur e only one (•(.mimny ol s,„ \ „„e of Wiuh.nton's and ()() of « Jorlun.>''.-i KaiigisrH.* A liHt of the .iiiwvs 1 shall bo al.lo to send Votir (iiaco by tiienextHliipstliiii sail, with an ammnt of what further piom-ess we shall have made. I am, &c., ,„ „. ^, , Kl). CORNWALIJS. lo His (trace the Duke of Hedfoid. .1. Namks or TiiK INIkmiskks ok tuk Si n IN TIIK Yl'.AH .lohn W. Pvke. .lohn 'ricniain. Michael Tobin. Stephen W. DeBloin. Charles Hill. .John Owen, liichard Treniain. Henry Taylor. J. E. Hutier. David Shaw Clarke, flames (irant. James Kcrbv. William liowle. Alexander Creighton. elohn Letson. Alexander FIddls. AVIlliam Lawson. Adam J)eChezeau, ,Tr. Andrew Smith, .lohn Liddell. .Joseph Dolby. William jNlilward, Jr. Azor Stephens. .Joseph Marchington. I^awrcncc Hartshorne, Jr. KiKK Company ok Hamkax 1H1!». Itobert Lyons, Jr. John Howe, Jr. James T. Alport. Henry Austin. John Carroll. .Joseph Allison, l^ewls 10. Piers. W. Uremner. Samuel Story, (leorge N. Russell. James Russell. K. J. Hopson. Samuel Cunanl. Knos Collins. James Cogswell. .John Dupny. Lewis DeMolltor. Temple F. Piers. Edward Alport. John Salter. John Moody. George Mitchell. S. Morris. John Ferguson. W. N. Silver. ' These Hangers caino from Annapolis ; Micj* had been enlisted in New England (ind were cliictly composed qI' Indians of half blood. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ■<' 4*« ^ ,/ 1.0 ^Ui 1^ ■i> Bi 12.2 £ |» 12.0 1.1 Kii i^ 1^ 6" FholDgFaphic Sdmoes Carporation ^^ <«^x as vmr main stmit WIISTIi,N.Y. H5M (71«)t72-4S03 270 Nova Scotia HiMoncal Society. James Bain. Miles W. White. AVilliam K. Reynolds. A. McDonald. Charles lioggs. II. Ford. D. McColl. AnsKNT Memueus. p. Sennerats, London. Mark Patter, Trinidad. James Harlow, London. John Telford, Scotland. G. W. Anderson, Glasgow. James Walker, Chester. Members Lately Deceased. John Henry. Thomas Leo DeWolf . James Bell. Robert Lyon. Samnel T. Prescott. AV^inkworth Allen. John Buchan. Thomas Anstin, Jr. Peter Bain. From the Gentlemen's Maijazine^ Vol. 20, 1750. (Jane.) The Town of Halifax is entirely built according to the plan given in our last February number, and many additional buildings are carrying on. The barracks for the soldiers are completed and the fort at the mouth of the harbor will soon be in a good posture of defence. The story in the papers of tht Indians burning a town of 200 houses is without foundation. Major Lawrence, of Warburton's Regiment at Nova Scotia, appointed Lieut. -Col. of Governor CornwaHis' Regiment and Lieut. Governor of Annapolis Royal. (July number of the Magazine, 1750.) August, 1750. Halifax, Nova Scotia. — The fishery here is extremely good, one company only having 1400 or 1500 quintals of good dry fish ready to ship for a foreign market, and others also have been very successful. Mr. Brown, gardener to Governor Cornwallis, with his son and four others, going out two or three miles from the town, were beset by the Indians, who killed him and his son ; the latter they buried, but the other body was found on the ground scalped, and brought hither and buried ; the four others, it is feared, are killed or carried off. The Indians have also attacked and scalped seven men that were at work on the other side of the harbor. Parties are gone out to repel them. ' History of Halifax City. an Return of tiik 1st Compaxv ov Halifax Voluxteer Artillery, Under the Command of Captain Richard Tremain, Gth July, 1812. ' f \ Peter Robb, Sergt. Major. John Brown, ^ Wm. Forsyth, c< Thos. Fenerty, \ Sergeants. John Rogers, Charles Dunbraek, ^ Thomas Nelson, ^, , John D. Scott, f ^''''P'^- William Rudolf, J David Mnirhead, ^ William Story, Jr., [ Bomb'rs. Martin Piazza, John Tremain. Frederick Major. William Gorham. James Mc Allen. John Miller. William Bond. John Peeples. William O'Brien. Alexander Smith. George Morin. Francis Story. George Nock. Samuel Lydiard. Benjamin Marshall. lienjamin Kingston. Peter Hay. Frederick Ivringle. John Henry, William Smith. Martin Gay Black. Leslie Moffatt. John Phillips. Frederick Run veil. Francis Muncey. Robert Grinton. George O'Brien. Morgan Doyle. Daniel Fraser. Alexander May. Thomas Gentles. John Pendergrass. William Stairs. John N. Ford. Nicholas AVright. Samnel Black. Azor Stevens. Henry Monson. Dennis Connor. Paul Cermanatti. Henry Wright. Abner Stowell. William Schwartz. Peter McNab. Tliomas Muirhead. Alexander Fiddis. Herven Cameron. Thomas Simmons. William H. liarry. John Hussey. Thomas Richey. John McPherson. Fred'k John Knight. John Cobb. Thomas Smith, Jr. Daniel Ferguson. Charles W. Hill. AVilliain Murray. Thomas Beamish. Nicholas Vass. Alexander Clarke. Joseph . jrdley. Henry B .,er. John Bonnell. Henry Warner. David Hutton. Ralph Tnrnbull. Donald Fraser. James Wilson. 272 Nova Scotia Historical Society. ■4 t ~i A •^- t Z'^ , "■S i "tH -i 1 a^ « . ; ; -1 1: ■■ i : ' ,' :j ' - ' ■ 1'^' ^ : 35 ' ' ■^ 11 -»V ■I •^-^ ! "i , ': 11 I t ( : ' 2i •"• 4» . \ ! .*** I '■ 1 i -t*! ■ "> ! 3» i i I t li i ■• 1 ' i t ii John Forrest. John F. Salter. John Fillis. Richard Scott. William Strachan, Jr. John Simpson. Robert Fraser. James Cogswell. John Buchan. Wyndham Madden. James Leishman. Hugh Gall. Alexander Smith. Joshua Lee. Robert Field. Halifax, July 6th, 1812. Sgd. RICHARD TREMAIN, Capt. H. V. A. veil. I. [aclden. man. mith. MAIN, . H. V. A.