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c^ Crisis in North America ! 
 
 
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 m^mm ®f mwrn^) l4i 
 
 AND 
 
 '^M' to 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 BY ISRAEL LEWIS, 
 
 , v COLOURED MAN ! 
 
 April, 1846. 
 
 WW 
 
 
 5i >v><V 
 
 I HAKRISON, rKINTEK, MONTKEAL. 
 
 ^:^mmm^^^m^ 
 
 -^ 
 
 'I 
 
Freedom without Slavery ! 
 
 
 Freedom with Slavery ! 
 
CONSULTATION COMMITTEE. 
 
 A meeting of the Consultation Committee of Co- 
 loured People of Montreal, met according to notice 
 for the purpose of Petitioning Her Majesty to allow 
 the organizing of 100,000 Coloured Men from all 
 parts of the world, to assemble at Niagara for the 
 purpose of putting an end to Slavery. 
 
 Mr. Moses Carter, being appointed Chairman, and 
 Mr. P. J. Lee, Secretary. 
 
 It was moved by Mr. Paul, and seconded by Mr. 
 Dego, that Mr. Israel Lewis report his Preamble and 
 Resolutions ; adopted. 
 
 Mr. Lewis then submitted the following. 
 
 " Whereas, we believe that all the human race 
 that are found on this great globe, are the children of 
 one Almighty Parent, who has declared that, " He of 
 one Blood has made all men." And whereas, He 
 hath said " I am no respector of persons." " The 
 Ethiopian cannot change his skin, nor the leopard his 
 spots ; and Ethiopia shall stretch out her hands to 
 God." 
 
 And Whereas, we believe that black men have 
 souls, to be saved or lost, as well as white men, and 
 that black men have the same love for liberty as 
 
 I 
 
white men, such as the liberty of his body and mind, 
 the right of the franchise, reading of the bible, the 
 observance and keeping the sabbath-day, a proper 
 knowledge of the Saviour and his mission into this 
 world ; also to enjoy the company of his wife and 
 children, so he may educate them, that they may ac- 
 quire true religion, industry and economy, and there- 
 by enjoy the fruits of his labor. 
 
 And Whereas, there is a state of slavery and de- 
 gradation on this continent, which is at this moment 
 deprivivg four millions of our race of all the bless- 
 ings above mentioned, intended for them as part and 
 parcel of the human race ; and they are deprived of 
 their rights in various ways, many of which are too 
 shocking to submit to the people of Canada ; they 
 part man, wife and child, as the Canadian farmer does 
 his lambs, pigs and calves ! And send them to every 
 market in the slave holding regions, to be butchered 
 01 used in any other way that their purchasers think 
 most to their profit. 
 
 The ungodly slave-holder, seduces the helpless 
 unoffending slave-woman, and she is compelled to act 
 as the lamb who licks the knife of its bloodj^ slaugh- 
 terer 1 Many of the slave-holders treat their slaves 
 in the most barbarous manner, they shoot them ! 
 They brand them ! ! They dirk them, and starve 
 them ! ! ! These poor coloured fellow-creatures, 
 move about with their heads bowed down, almost 
 afraid even to look at the^un which the Almighty 
 
o this 
 e and 
 ay ac- 
 there- 
 
 nd de- 
 oment 
 bless- 
 irt and 
 ved of 
 re too 
 ; they 
 3r does 
 I every 
 chered 
 5 think 
 
 elpless 
 to act 
 ilaugh- 
 ' slaves 
 them ! 
 starve 
 atures, 
 almost 
 nighty 
 
 5 
 
 has created. They know not what moment the over- 
 seer may order them to receive forty stripes, save 
 one, for not performing more work than perhaps they 
 are able to, in order that their master may supply the 
 christian markets with sugar, cotton, rice, tobacco, 
 rum, brandy, coffee, hemp, and other articles too nu- 
 merous to mention. 
 
 Four millions of slaves producing one hundred dol- 
 lars each, annually, would be four hundred millions 
 of dollars yearly. We ask the christian public, if 
 this sum is taken from our race in one year ? What 
 has been taken from them in fifty years ! ! ! com- 
 ment here is unnecessary, — an enlightened people 
 will estimate for themselves. 
 
 We have often heard it asserted, by the enemies of 
 our enslaved and down trodden race, that they are 
 poor, ignorant, degraded, and unfit for freedom ; now 
 we put the question to the civilized world, ( slave- 
 holders excepted) suppose the many thousand mil- 
 ions of dollars, which have been wrongfully kept from 
 them had been properly laid out on their education 
 and moral improvement, would they not, in all pro- 
 bability, be as well qualified for the various stations 
 in life as these unfeeling slave-holders and task mas- 
 ters ? It is the want of philantrophy in the slave- 
 holder that causes our degredation, and not the want 
 of capability in our organization ; give the coloured 
 population of the world the same opportunities as the 
 white population, and will they not be equal: it is 
 
 • 
 
therefore unjust to charge our race with being unfit to 
 appreciate and enjoy liberty. 
 
 Another of the horrifying evils of slavery is amal- 
 gamation, and cohabition between father and daugh- 
 ter ! Mother and son ! ! Sister and brother ! ! ! 
 
 These occurrences happen in consequence of the 
 manner in which they are separated, sold when they 
 are young, and sent into various parts of slave-hold- 
 ing countrys, where they grow up without any know- 
 ledge of their relationship ; and then amalgamate in 
 the way above mentioned. Good God ! stop the in- 
 stitution of slavery for the sake of thy Son ! 
 
 And where .s, the American people have often 
 said that Great Britain was the cause of slavery ! — 
 This base and foul libel, we have always denied on 
 the ground that when the United States declared in 
 their Declaration of Independence, " that all men are 
 born FREE and equal," Great Britain agreed to it, 
 and gave them their freedom, as they call it, but at 
 the same time, did not tell them to hold the African 
 in bondage, therefore Great Britain has a right to al- 
 low slavery to be abolished, in the way we propose, 
 in order to rid herself of the wicked charge of being 
 the cause of perpetual slavery in the United States. 
 
 Ani> Whereas, it seems to us, the time has come 
 when Great Britain and her allied friends, should 
 exercise their power and authority to give freedom 
 to the whole of mankind, without distinction of either 
 kindred or color. 
 
latto 
 
 lamal- 
 
 laugh- 
 M t 
 
 • • 
 
 )f the 
 they 
 
 •hold- 
 now- 
 
 late in 
 
 he in- 
 
 ofteii 
 jry!— 
 ied on 
 ired in 
 len are 
 
 to it, 
 but at 
 Lfrican 
 ' to al- 
 •opose, 
 
 being 
 ites. 
 
 J come 
 should 
 eedom 
 either 
 
 And Whereas, there seems to be great questions 
 to be settled, viz : such as Oregon, Calefornia, and 
 Texas, by negociation or otherways ; therefore, we 
 beg leave to add to the catalogue, that of slavery. In 
 order to settle these matters, great preparation is ne- 
 cessary ; therefore be it 
 
 Resolved, That we, the Consultation Committee of 
 Coloured People of Montreal, will petition Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, to authorize the 
 assembling of 100,000 coloured men, and all others 
 who may feel disposed to join us, at Niagara, Upper 
 Canada, for the purpose of putting an end to slavery. 
 
 Resolved, That we hope the christian world will 
 sympathise with us, in this philanthrophic move, in 
 order that the holy bible may be freely given to all 
 the human race, and thereby promote the Redeemer's 
 kingdom. 
 
 Resolved, 1 nat we refer our friends to the follow- 
 ing passages of Scripture, viz : Jeremiah, chapter 47, 
 concerning the destruction of the Philistines, also the 
 48th chapter, same book, against Moab ; thjse rules 
 of action, laid down for the correction of evil by the 
 Almighty in bygone years, are intended to be used at 
 any time, when circumstances shall require it, against 
 the wickedness of any nation, when they have filled 
 their cup of iniquity ; we would likewise call the at- 
 tention of our readers to the 5th chapter of the epis- 
 tle of Saint James. 
 
 Resolved, That the Hon. Henry Sherwood, of To- 
 
8 
 
 ronto, and the Hon. T. C. Ay 1 win, of Quebec, take 
 charge of this Organization, untler the control of Her 
 Maj(;sty's Kepresentive. 
 
 llesoived, Tlirt the prort^edings of this meeting be 
 publislied in all the newspapers friendly to the aboli- 
 tion of slavery. 
 
 llmj/vrd, That Mr. Israel Lewis take charge of the 
 Petition, and forward it to Her Most Gracious Ma- 
 jesty, with all possible des})atch. 
 
 MOSES CARTEK, Chairman. 
 
 P, J. Lee, Secretary. 
 
 N. B. — We, with great respect, say to the Duke of 
 Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, liord John Russell, Mr. 
 O'Connell, Mr. Hume, &c. that we hope they will not 
 repeal the duties on articles produced by American 
 Slave labour, in order to give theaj) bread to the poor 
 free labourers of England, such a measure would only 
 increase the miseries of the slaves of America, and 
 encourage the burthen of slavery ten fold. We are 
 opposed to the introduction of any article raised by 
 the American slaves into any part of Her Majesty's 
 dominions under any circumstances. ' 
 
 " God save the Queen." 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■'■■ 
 
 « 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 I feel myself called iipou lo make the following re- 
 marks, to my African brethren, in relation to the dif- 
 ficulties that now exist between the Britisli Govern- 
 ment and that of the United States : these diiliculties 
 seem to be based upon this fact, namely, in not know- 
 ing where to strike the division line, so as to suit the 
 claims of these two Nations, as regards the Oregon 
 Territory. Men of great minds, believe that to be 
 the tnie cause of the disputes which now exist be- 
 tween these two Powers. In my opinion, the Ore- 
 gon question is of 7ninnr consideration to that whicli 
 I shall endeavour to show to be the prime cause of 
 the difficulty now existing betAveen these two power- 
 ful nations. I refer the reader to one item in Presi- 
 dent Polk's last Annual Message to both Houses ol 
 Congress, where he broaches the subject of the Crown- 
 ed Heads of Europe ; rctainino or gaining the balance 
 of power upon this continent ; and concludes his sen- 
 tence by declaring that no Crowned Head shall form 
 or establish another settlement or colony on the con- 
 tinent of North America. 
 
 This declaration, in my humble opinion, throws in 
 the shade the opinion, hitherto conceived by many. 
 
\ 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 that Oregon is the great cause by which the two Na- 
 tions shall have war or j;mf<?. It is therefore, my 
 settled conviction that the continent of America must 
 be governed by a Monarchal or Democratic Gov- 
 ernment ; it cannot be supposed by those who under- 
 stand the materials necessary to constitute these two 
 Governments that they can remain, for any length of 
 time, upon the same continent, as Friends and Bro- 
 thers. This is a fact that cannot be denied : then it 
 follows, as a matter of course, which I do not hesitate 
 to state, that the great battle must be sooner or later 
 fought on this continent ; and an attempt to procras- 
 tinate the time will be covering up a volcano, that 
 must explode and destroy its millions ; and I feel it a 
 duty that I owe to my God, and my coloured breth- 
 ren, bond and free, to intreat them speedily to decide 
 which side they will take in this great struggle. I 
 hope you will permit me to say that you ought, by all 
 means, to go heart and hand for a Monarchal form of 
 Governmeut ; for you have millions of friends and re- 
 lations in bondage ; and ships belonging to Democra- 
 tic Governments, are yearly robbing the shores of 
 Africa of her innocent sons and daughters. I hope 
 we, one and all, will rally round the British flag, and 
 put an end to this base and foul traffic in human 
 FLESH ; and that every African or decendant on the 
 American continent, in fifty years, will be governed 
 by British law. 
 
 I feel that I cannot conclude without making a 
 
11 
 
 St 
 
 few remarks to our white frie7ids upon this subject. 
 You will be called upon to spill jour blood on the 
 one side or the other, in the approaching struggle t I 
 now say to you, one and all, if you buckle on your 
 armour to fight against the British Government, in 
 order to bolster up and assist those whose hands 
 and fingers are red with tht blood of the enslaved, 
 and down trodden African, you will certainly fail, for 
 God will not side with you. I call upon Bishops, 
 Priests and Ministers of religion, of all denominations 
 and creeds, to act the part, as near as possible, of the 
 Priests, who blew the trumpet (Book of Jcshua) of 
 ram's horns ; made tlie walls of Jericho fiall, and res- 
 cued from the hands of the Cananites that city, called 
 Jericho ; who refused to carry out the promise made 
 to the children of Israel bj God, through their Fa- 
 ther Abraham. The promises, also made by the 
 Prophet Isiah, to the Ethiopian — the African, whose 
 cries, in consequence of hard bondage, have gone up 
 to Heaven. Again I say to you Ministers, who are 
 Heralds of benevolence, in the cause of God, to fully 
 act your part, from the pulpit, in order that the pro- 
 mise made unto the Ethiopian shall be fully verified, 
 and the Redeemer's Kingdom advanced, and long 
 may the British flag triumphantly float over all the 
 world as an emblem of personal liberty to all men. 
 God save the Queen, and all her Loyal Subjects. 
 
 ISRAEL LEWIS, Coloured Man, 
 Montreal, April, 1846. 
 
 ! 
 
Extracts from the Constitution of the United 
 States and their Decj \ration of Indepen- 
 dence : — 
 
 "Article I. — Section 1. — The House of Representatives 
 shall be composed of members chosen every second year by 
 the people of the several states, and the electors in each state 
 shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most 
 numerous branch of the State Legislature." 
 
 This section has not been complied with. Now I 
 contend that the coloured population of these United 
 States are i)€opJe, and yet they are denied the right of 
 franchise and liberty ; the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence, notwithstanding, which reads as follow : " We 
 hold these truths to be self-evident — that all men are 
 created equal ; that they are endowed by their Crea- 
 tor with certain unalienable rights ; that among these 
 are life, liberty^ and the pursuit of happiness." Are 
 they not very consistent ? 
 
 " Article I. — Section 9. — The migration or importation 
 of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think 
 proper to admh, shall not be prohibited by t'le Congress prior 
 to the year one thousand night hundred and eight, but a lax or 
 duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
 dollars for each person." 
 
 Here I broadly assert that, in defiance of this broad 
 declaration, made by the same uncontrolled assembly, 
 they have left a door open, by which an important 
 
13 
 
 part of mankind may be held in bondage for life or 
 perpetually, as the case may be. 
 
 " Section 8. — No title of nobility shall be granted by the 
 United States." 
 
 Vain and false notions of rewarding merit ! which 
 appears from the fact that they make laws to hold 
 men in slavery, while at the same time they refuse 
 to grant titles of distinction to men who have merited 
 them by acts of benevolence and bravery. 
 
 " Article IV. — Section 3. — No person held to service or 
 labour in one state under the laws thereof, escaping into ano- 
 ther, shall, in consequence of any la'.v or regulation therein, be 
 discharged from such service or labour, hut shall be delivered 
 up on claina of the party to whom such service or labour may 
 be due." 
 
 I would particularly call the attention of mankind 
 to the above wicked clause, found in the Constitution 
 of a People, who style themselves free and enlighten- 
 ed, and who assert their desire to promote and spread 
 freedom throughout the world ! 
 
 The literal definition of the above section must, by 
 eveiy intelligent mind, be understood thus, viz : 
 
 Any person who shall escape voluntarily, from one 
 State to another, shall l)e pursued by let+ers patent, 
 tmder the great seal of the State, and by authority of 
 the Chief Magistrate of that State, and the unoffend- 
 ing party brought back to the State from which he 
 fled, be given up to his master, and compelled to la- 
 bour during life, for one to whom he is under no na- 
 tural obligation whatever. 
 
M 
 
 Is this according to the Scriptures which say — 
 " do unto others as you would have others do unto 
 you." I think not, — and therefore I call upon every 
 christian, statesman, patriot and philanthropist, to do 
 his best to stop this procedure against the African 
 race. 
 
 RESULT OF EMANCIPATION IN THE BRITISH COLONIES 
 
 ^n 
 
 
 The following extract, from an important docu- 
 ment recently issued by the British and Foreign Anti- 
 Slavery Society, will, I trust, be read with interest : 
 
 " We contemplate once more the vast blessing which has 
 been conferred on upwards of 700,000 human beings, by the 
 great act of emancipation. The whip no longer sounds in 
 their ears, as the stimulant to labour and the instrument of tor- 
 ture ; the fetter no longer galls their limbs ; the market-place 
 no longer beholds them submitted for sale, in lots to suit pur- 
 chasers ; the anguish of forcible separation is no longer felt or 
 fearrd ; instruction is no longer interdicted ; the preaching of 
 the Gospel is no longer forbidden. Masters of their own per- 
 sons and their own labour, the emancipated slaves can now be- 
 stow it when and where they please, as may best suit their 
 taste, or serve their interests — the marriage-tie hallows and 
 blesses their unions — the relations of parents and children e." 
 ist, and cannot be severed by the caprice or will of slave-mas- 
 ters — the chastity woman can no longer be violated with im- 
 punity, nor the hearts of mothers lacerated by the base and 
 degrading uses to which their offspring where devoted. These 
 are some of the precious fruits of emancipation. And let it 
 be remembered, tliat the liberty, with all its present and future 
 privileges and blessings, which has been conferred on the ex- 
 isting generation, will be transmitted to their children, and 
 their children's children, to the remotest generations. It were 
 to view this great subject in its lowest and most sordid light, to 
 
 il 
 
15 
 
 make the measure of its necess; y and value depend on the 
 amount of exportable produce raised in the British Colonies. — 
 What would nave been the condition of the West India body 
 at this time had not the abolition of slavery taken place ? In 
 1832, they were on the verge of ruin, their credit in the mo- 
 ney-market utterly gone, and their slaves decreasing at the 
 rate of 5,000 per annum. They had stimulated production by 
 the most cruel means to its utmost limit to cover the interest 
 due to mortgagees and merchants in the mother country, and to 
 meet the current expenditure of their estates ; and with what 
 effect, let Lord Stanley say, * In all the islands lliere had been 
 a general increase in tlie production of sugar, and a correspon- 
 ding decrease in the amount of the labouring population.^ 
 The medium slave-population, in Jamaica, during the 3 years 
 ending June, 1826, was 333,393, and the average quantity of 
 sugar raised was 1,354,448 cwts. The medium population 
 during three years ending June, 1832, was 327,464, the aver- 
 age amount of sugar raised was 1,410,026 cwts. ! Dcmerara 
 showed a more frightful result. For the first period referred 
 to, the slave-population was 72,722, the quantity of sugar rais- 
 ed, 552,336 cwts. ; for the second period, the population had 
 decreased to 67,741, and they were compelled to produce 806,- 
 120, cwts. of sugar ! Now what did emancipation do when it 
 arrested in its course this murderous system ? Did it com- 
 
 f)lete the ruin of the West India body ? No ! It restored their 
 ost credit. It took from them the weapon v/ith which they 
 were destroying themselves, and we venture to say, that were 
 the alternative placed before them this hour, of returning to 
 the system which has been abolished, they would utterly re- 
 fuse it on the mere ground of pecuniary gain. But slavery has 
 been abolished throughout the British Colonies, and the songs 
 of freemen have succeeded the wailings of slaves. The rights 
 of humanity have been vendicated — the demands of justice 
 have been met — and the claims of religion have been regarded ; 
 the person, the liberty, the property of the late slave have been 
 rendered invioable ; and now under the protection of impartial 
 law, he can sit as a free man beneath the shade of his own 
 palm-tree, ' none daring to make him afraid.' " 
 
 *i^ 5 
 
Lines on Slavery. 
 
 I 
 
 ill. 
 
 li? 
 
 I was born myself an American slave, 
 The rights of man I cannot wave; 
 And I shall with my feeble might, :, 
 Aid every slave to make his flight, i >i 
 
 Slavery does every dnngeon fill, ''>^^'^' 
 Created by the Sovereign's will; '^'^^^ ' ' ^ 
 Slavery made without a crime, -j\v)^^)(Jf* = ,i,, 
 Is the worst that man can find. ..rr^xh'^ 
 
 " :-W v. i I ii '■: 'to . ■ ■ . :) 
 
 The Eagle's wings that covers this, ' i'^" 
 Should be made the earth to kiss ^^■■■''^V^^ 
 And never rise to earthly bliss, '\ "' ' 
 Because their conduct is aiuiss ! ,,;»'." »(, 
 
 May the Lion with his roar, jm , v 
 Eclipse this bird in its' ^oar ; Jr: . 
 
 This FOWL we do not wish kill, ' ' ' 
 
 But let mankind have fr^fdom still. '' i 
 
 it I 
 
 . -;,r/v Xsm|:l Jt.s?.\ 
 
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