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 METROPOLITAN 
 rORONTO 
 
 HEFERENCE LIBRARY 
 
 3'f>G.C)7Q).\4- 
 
 ALl WORK GUARANTEED THE FINEST IN THE DOMINION. 
 

 THOMAS CREAN, 
 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 Wl^^K 
 
 (Late Master Tailor to H. M. 16th Regiment Foot.) 
 
 filaster Tailor to the Queen's 0wn Rifles 
 
 95 YONGE ST., TORONTO. 
 
 X*rlce I-iist ss3n.t oan. .A-pplicatioan.. 
 
Sporting Guns and Rifles, 
 
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 23 Front Street West, TORONTO, 
 
 
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 ...-^>=;FOR THK MANUFACTUPxES O F!^.- * '' 
 
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 WILLIAMS & POWELL, Liverpool, Eng. 
 
 W. W. GREENER, Birmingljam, Eng. 
 
 l^K-Snider, Mstrtihi-Henry and Match Rifles always 
 on hand, together with a full assort- 
 ment of Guns of the above 
 manufactures. 
 
 Illustrated Catalogue, reissued every three months, Freo 
 
 on Application* 
 
 - • I !': 
 

 THE GUIDE 
 
 Manual for the Canadian Militia. 
 
 (INFANTRY) 
 
 EMBRACING 
 
 
 .. / . 
 
 ' ' : .'ill 
 
 THE INTERIOR ECONOMY, 
 DUTIES, DISCIPLINE, DRESS, BOOKS AND COR- 
 RESPONDENCE OF A REGIMENT 
 
 IN BARRACKS, CAMP, OR AT HOME, 
 
 WITH BUGLE CALLS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR 
 TRANSPORT, PITCHING TENTS, ETC. 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 LIEUT.-COL. W. D. OTTER, 
 
 Commanding the "Queen's Own Rifles," 2nd Battalion Active 
 Militia of Canada. 
 
 TORONTO: 
 
 Willing & Williamson, 
 1880. 
 
^ A ^ ^*3T 
 
 I m 
 
 
 I 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In submitting "The Guide" to the kind consideration 
 of the Canadian Militia, I am led to hope that it may, to 
 a certain extent, fill the place of that excellent Manual of 
 Interior Ecoutjmy, by Major F. E. Dixon, now out of 
 print. 
 
 I have endeavoured to put in a concise and handy form 
 such information as will, I think, be generally useful in 
 the working of a Regiment, not only in Barracks or Camp, 
 but also during the ordinary drills at Head Quarters. 
 For the latter purpose it may be said that very little know- 
 ledge or method is needed, but I hold the contrary opinion, 
 and consider that the same discipline, regularity and order 
 are required at home as on service, and moreover, that the 
 best time to acquire and practise soldierly habits is when 
 quietly parading for weekly drills. 
 
 I do not, of course, suppose that opportunities will ofier 
 on these occasions for the practice of every detail here 
 provided for, but a vast deal can be done towards increas- 
 ing the efficiency of the Militia by a rigid adherence to the 
 system and principles advocated. 
 
 The Guide has been compiled from the following 
 authorities, viz., Queen's Regulations, 1873, Army Discip- 
 line and Regulation Acts, 1879, Militia Regulations and 
 Orders, 1879, Sir Garnet Wolseley's Soldier's Pocket Bock, 
 Colonel Anderson's Manual of Military Usages, tlie 
 Standing Orders of Her Majesty's i6th, 17th, 6oth, (j7th 
 Regiments of Foot and the Rifle Brigade, to which I have 
 added my own experience of nearly twenty years in the 
 Active Militia of Canada, fifteen having been in the posi- 
 tions of Adjutant and Commanding Officer. 
 
f 
 
 Table of contents. 
 
 I : 
 
 II 
 
 Part I. — Interior Economy. 
 
 Section I. — Private Soldiers. 
 
 //. — Non-commissioned Officers. 
 " ///.—Officers. 
 
 IV. — Regimental Organization. 
 •• V. — Drills and Parades. 
 
 Part II.— Duties. 
 
 Section I. — Roster of Duties. 
 
 //.— Guards, Sentries, Picquets and Es- 
 corts. 
 ///.—Orderly Duties. 
 
 Part III. — Discipline. 
 
 Section I. — Courts Martial, Courts of Inquiry and 
 Boards. 
 //. — Powers of a Commanding Officer. 
 " ///.—Crime. 
 
 IV. — Complaints. 
 7.— Defaulters. 
 
 Part IV. — Dress. 
 
 Section /.— Officers. 
 
 //. — Non-commissioned Officers, 
 
 Part V. — Books and Correspondence. 
 Section I. — Regimental Books. 
 //. — Company Books. 
 ///. — Individual Books. 
 " IV. — Correspondence. 
 
 Part VI. — Marches and Encampment. 
 Section I. — Marches. 
 " //. — Encampment. 
 Part VII. — Forms. 
 PartVIII.— Bugle Calls. 
 
is- 
 
 nd 
 
 PARTI. 
 
 INTERIOR ECONOMY. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 Private Soldiers. 
 
 The Active Militia being her first line of defence, Can- 
 ada has to depend upon it for the suppression of all 
 internal disorders, and, in case of sudden invasion or 
 war, must look, for a time at least, to that force alone for 
 protection. 
 
 Under these circumstances the Militiaman, whatever 
 may be his motives for enrolling, whether they be founded 
 in patriotism, military ardour, a passion for display, or a 
 desire for recreation, should bear in mind that from the 
 moment he is attested he becomes a soldier and a servant 
 of the state, and as such, parts for a time with the priv- 
 ileges of citizenship, having no will of his own, no liberty 
 of action, no unrestrained freedom of speech. This is, no 
 doubt, a severe trial to begin with, but it must be endured, 
 for rigid discipline and perfect steadiness are indispensable 
 in the ranks, and these can only be assured through the 
 prompt resignation on the part of the soldier of all the 
 license he may have enjoyed before entering the force. 
 
 He should understand that subordination, in the most 
 exact signification of the term, is his first and greatest ob- 
 ligation, as, without it he is more dangerous and vexatious 
 to his friends than to his enemies ; he degenerates into a 
 brigand, and controverts the fundamental principles that 
 gave him professional existence — the peace and safety of 
 the commonwealth. By subordination, as by a universal 
 intelligence, parts apparently the most diverse and discor- 
 dant are operated on and combined in the strictest unison, 
 with ease and advantage. The submission of the indi- 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 i il 
 
 i ! 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 vicinal will produce uniformity and energy in the whole, 
 and enable the directing power to work for the public 
 benefit, P>y, and under, this beneticial influence immense 
 bodies of undisciplined soldiers have been overthrown 
 and destroyed by comparatively insignificant bodies of 
 better instructed men, and surely none but the most 
 infatuated can feel repugnance at obeying instructions 
 calculated to ensure at once safety and conque.i 
 
 Obedience is the first duty of a soldier, and should be 
 rendered unhesitatingly ; orders should not be questioned, 
 nor the advisability of instant compliance with them be 
 made a subject for discussion. The action of obedience 
 should be mechanical in the quickness with which it fol- 
 lows the order received, although in carrying it out the 
 soldier can prove that he is something more than a mere 
 machine by the intelligence he displays in executing it. 
 
 Soldiers should be obedient and respectful to all Officers 
 and Non-commissioned Officers, attentive to their drill, 
 silent when in the ranks, clean in their persons, and keep 
 their arms and accoutrements in good order. 
 
 No soldier should speak slightingly or disrespectfully in 
 any way of an Officer or Non-commissioned Officer, nor 
 should he ever reply when in ranks if checked for neglect 
 or irregularity. His thinking himself aggrieved will by no 
 means excuse disobedience or disrespect, but his complaint, 
 if made afterwards in a regular and respectful manner, will 
 be attended to. (See " Complaints," Part III., Sec. 4). 
 
 Cursing and swearing and the use of blasphemous and 
 indecent language should be strictly prohibited. None 
 but the most depraved minds can find pleasure in the use 
 of brutal expressions. 
 
 Drunkenness is a most serious crime and renders a 
 soldier unfit to be trusted. Those bearing such a chaiac- 
 ter should be debarred from all indulgences, and receive 
 severe punishment. 
 
 i 
 
xoN-(:oMMissi<)Xi:i) oI'1'ICi;ks. 
 
 I 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 The accurate execution of the greater part of the duties 
 of a Regiment is in a great measure depnulent upon the 
 alertness ind skill of th*^ Non-commissioned Ollicers 
 
 The requisites for a good Non-commissioned Officer are 
 sobriety, activ'ty and zeal, in the performance of duty, 
 itrict attention to the execution of, and obedience to every 
 order which may be given, vigilance and undeviating 
 exactness in requiring from his juniors and the men the 
 full and perfect performance of all duties pe'taining to 
 them. He should be particular in his dress and ^ constant 
 observer of passing occurrences, thai he may obtain a 
 knowledge of the customs and rules of the service, and be 
 thereby enabled to act with certainty and decision when 
 placed in situations of charge and responsibility. He re 
 quires to be a good drill, able to write orders distinctly, 
 and make out all returns and states correctly. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers should consider themselves 
 upon duty at all times when in uniform, and maintain 
 a constant supervision over the men, particularly of their 
 own companies and squads ; they should assist the recruits, 
 tell them the best men to associate with, and prompt, by 
 their influence and example, the steady men and old sol- 
 diers to treat the recruits kindly, set forth to them the con- 
 sequences of misbehaviour, teach them military habits, 
 punctuality at all parades and duties, and the necessity of 
 obedience to orders, and impress on then- minds the max- 
 im, that, right or wrong, soldiers should first obey, and if 
 aggrieved, complain afterwards. 
 
 A Non-commissioned Officer should never under any 
 circumstances speak to, or argue with a soldier under 
 the influence of liquor, but at once take steps to have him 
 confined. 
 
8 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 fU 
 
 (1 
 
 I > 
 
 ft! 
 
 A Non-commissioned Officer should never permit even in 
 j)ke indecent or blasphemous language to be used in his 
 presence by any soldier, much less offend in this respect 
 himself; he should endeavour to preserve good order and 
 correct behaviour among the men at all times. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers should not connive at or 
 conceal irregularities. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers should not refuse to take a 
 soldier before an (Officer when asked, unless the Non- 
 commissioned Officer is on duty or the soldier is guilty of 
 some offence for which he should be confined. 
 
 The moment Non-commissioned Officers become care- 
 less and negligent in the discharge of their duty, however 
 irreproachable their characters may be in other respects, 
 they become unworthy of their rank and an injury to their 
 corps. 
 
 Promotion should depend entirely upon merit, and al- 
 though length of service may give claim for consideration, 
 it should give no claim whatever for advancement to posi- 
 tions for which the individuals are not otherwise qualified. 
 Such men, therefore, as render themselves most conspicu- 
 ous by their zeal and ability, should always be promoted 
 in preference to those who, although of older standing, do 
 not display an equal degree of merit ; seniority should 
 only be considered where other qualifications are apparent. 
 
 Frequent catechetical examinations of the Non-com- 
 missjoned Officers should be made by the "Adjutant, and 
 a nominal list kept in the Orderly Room, on which should 
 be marked the result of each examination, so that those 
 Non-commissioned Officers who are best qualified, may 
 be selected for promotion. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers should never be employed 
 personally on any duty of fatigue, nor be seen holding or 
 leading a horse, carrying a bundle, basket, &c., nor appear 
 in any position beneath the dignity of their rank. 
 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 at or 
 
 15^ Class 
 
 Staff 
 Sergeants. 
 
 2nd Class 
 
 Staff 
 Sergeants. 
 
 The Non-commissioned Officers take rank and prece- 
 dence in a Regiment as follows : 
 
 ist. — Sergeant Major, \ 
 
 *2nd. — Bandmaster. I 
 
 3rd. — Quarter-Master Sergeant. *" 
 
 *4th. — Sergeant Instructor of Musketrv. j 
 5th. — Paymaster's Clerk. ^ 
 
 *6th. — Armourer Sergeant. 
 7th. — Hospital Sergeant. I 
 
 8t1i.— Orderly Room Clerk. '^- 
 
 *9th. — Dnim, Pipe or Bugle Major. j 
 *ioth. — Sergeant Cook. 
 *iith. — Pioneer Sergeant. / 
 
 i2th. — Colour Sergeants, who rank with 2nd Class 
 Staff Sergeants, and take precedence according 
 to date of appointment. 
 13th. — Sergeants, according to date of appointment. 
 14th. — Corporals, do do 
 
 Lance Sergeants'and Lance Corporals, where the duty 
 is heavy, may be appointed, who will rank after Sergeants 
 and Corporals respectively. 
 
 SERGEANT MAJOR. 
 
 The Sergeant Major takes precedence of all other 
 Non-commissioned Officers. His position being one of 
 the gicatest responsibility and importance, he should be 
 treated with every possible respect, and never be address- 
 ed by the Non-commissioned Officers and privates without 
 the appellation of " Sir.'' When speaking to Non- 
 commissioned Officers or privates, they should stand at 
 attention. 
 
 He is the assistant to the Adjutant, under whose 
 immediate orders he acts, and it should be his '^laly and 
 pleasure to render every assistance in his power to iiiin, 
 voluntarily, without being called upon. 
 
 He should conduct himself so as to merit the respect 
 of every individual in his Regiment, and must be particu- 
 larly correct in his personal appearance and dress. 
 
 *No provision as to jay in the Militia Regulations. 
 
10 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 1 . 
 
 Hi 
 
 ! I I 
 
 II 
 
 As the well being of a Regiment depends so much upon 
 his conduct, he should be a man of sound sense and 
 judgment, of a good temper, and kind, but firm in the 
 execution of his duty; he should, of course, endeavour to 
 possess a knowledge of the characters and capabilities of 
 all the Non-commissioned Officers and men ; he should 
 also watch over their general conduct, dress and carriage, 
 and never conceal the least irregularity from the Adjutant. 
 
 He keeps the rosters of all duties for the Non-com- 
 missioned Officers ; he gives out to the Orderly Ser- 
 geants of Companies the orders and detail of duties for 
 the following day ; he parades all Guards, picquets and 
 escorts for the inspection of the Adjutant, and at tattoo he 
 parades the Orderly Sergeants of Companies and collects 
 their tattoo reports, reporting to the Orderly Officer on 
 duty ; he also attends at the Orderly room with prisoners. 
 
 In detailing duties he should be guided by the strength 
 of the different Companies, which can be learned from 
 the Duty States. Thus, a Company of sixty duty men 
 of course furnishes more men at a time for any duty 
 than one with only forty. 
 
 In detailing Fatigue parties, he names those first that 
 are likely to be first wanted. Thus, a party required at 
 7 a.m., should be given out before one not required till 
 9 a.m. 
 
 The Sergeant Major is entitled to a servant. 
 
 An Assistant or Second Sergeant Major may be ap- 
 pointed when the duties are very heavy, to assist the 
 Sergeant Major, ranking immediately after him. 
 
 BAND MASTER. 
 
 The Band Master is considered the sole instructor of 
 the Band, subject only to the directions of the Command- 
 ing Officer and Band Committee ; no others should 
 interfere either in the practice or public playi: of the 
 
 iJand. 
 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 II 
 
 nuch upon 
 
 sense and 
 irm in the 
 leavour to 
 abilities of 
 
 he should 
 d carriage, 
 t Adjutant. 
 
 Non-com- 
 derly Ser- 
 
 duties for 
 ;quets and 
 it tattoo he 
 id collects 
 
 Officer on 
 I prisoners, 
 e strength 
 trned from 
 
 duty men 
 
 any duty 
 
 ; first that 
 required at 
 quired till 
 
 nay be ap- 
 
 assist the 
 
 structor of 
 Command- 
 ers should 
 ^i: of the 
 
 He has charge of the clothing, appointments, music 
 and instruments, being responsible to the Committee for 
 their safe keeping. He should inspect the instruments at 
 regular periods, reporting to the President whenever an 
 instrument is broken or out of order, and be particular in 
 the care of the music, not permitting any copies of it to be 
 taken without the special sanction of the Commanding 
 Officer. 
 
 He should make such suggestions to the President of 
 the Band Committee as he may consider beneficial to the 
 Band, with a view of their being forwarded to the Com- 
 manding Officer. 
 
 He should be treated with becoming and due respect 
 by Non-commissioned Officers and men. 
 
 QUARTER MASTER SERGEANT. 
 
 The Quarter Master Sergeant is the immediate assistant 
 of the Quarter Master in all his various duties, and should 
 as well as the Sergeant Major, be a model of good conduct 
 and respectability. 
 
 He should be present at the issue of all Regimental 
 stores, rations, fuel and ammunition; and should superin- 
 tend the removal of the same when necessary ; also 
 attend to the cleaning of Barracks or Camp ground. 
 
 He should daily visit the Barrack rooms. Cook 
 houses, or trenches and workshops, reporting any irregular- 
 ity to the Quarter Master ; also attend Barrack or Camp 
 Inspections to see that no improper charges are made 
 against his Regiment. 
 
 The Pioneers are under his orders. 
 
 SERGEANT INSTRUCTOR OF MUSKETRY. 
 
 The Sergeant Instructor of Musketry takes rank next 
 to the Quarter Master Sergeant. 
 
 His duty is to assist the Officer Instructor, under whose 
 immediate orders he is placed, in all his duties in the 
 
! I 
 
 tv 
 
 I i! 
 
 12 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Rifle instruction of the Regiment, to which he is to 
 confine himself exclusively during the season. 
 
 He is not subject to the orders of any Non-commissioned 
 Officer, except as regards discipline, and is exempt from 
 all Garrison, Regimental and Barrack duties unless 
 when not actually required for the performance of duties 
 appertaining to his appointment, when he may be em. 
 ployed in any manner suitable to his rank as a Staff 
 Sergeant at the discretion of the Commanding Officer. 
 
 paymaster's clerk. 
 
 The Paymaster's Clerk is under the orders of the Pay- 
 master, whom he generally assists. 
 
 HOSPITAL SERGEANT. 
 
 The Hospital Sergeant is under the direct orders of the 
 Medical Officers, to whom he reports any irregularity or 
 deviation from the Standing Orders connected with his 
 department which may come under his notice. 
 
 (For further duties see "Hospital," Part I., Sec. 4). 
 
 ARMOURER SERGEANT. 
 
 The Armourer Sergeant is under the immediate orders 
 of the Quarter Master, and is responsible for the care 
 of all tools in his shop, a duplicate inventory of which 
 should be in the possession of the Quarter Master. 
 
 He should instruct the Non-commissioned Officers and 
 men in taking off and cleaning the locks of their rifles, as 
 well as repair and keep in a serviceable state the arms of 
 the Regiment. 
 
 « 
 
 ORDERLY ROOM CLERK. 
 
 The Orderly Room Clerk is placed under the special 
 charge and control of the Adjutant ; he has a general 
 superintendence of the assistant clerks, and everything 
 connected with the Orderly Room. 
 
 i 
 
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 13 
 
 ich he is to 
 
 ommissioned 
 exempt from 
 uties unless 
 ice of duties 
 nay be em. 
 ik as a Staff 
 g Officer. 
 
 of the Pay- 
 
 Drders of the 
 regularity or 
 ted with his 
 
 Sec. 4). 
 
 ediate orders 
 for the care 
 ory of which 
 aster. 
 
 Officers and 
 heir rifles, as 
 e the arms of 
 
 r the special 
 as a general 
 i everything 
 
 He should never speak of any business which may be 
 transacted in the Orderly Room, to any one, except the 
 Adjutant or Sergeant Major, nor allow the clerks under 
 him to do so. 
 
 As the supply of stationery is a heavy charge, the 
 Orderly Room Clerk should take especial care that no im- 
 proper or useless consumption thereof be permitted, and 
 that every article of a durable kind be used so long as it 
 is serviceable. 
 
 DRUM, BUGLE, OR PIPE MAJOR. 
 
 The Drum, Bugle, or Pipe Major is under the imme- 
 diate orders of the Adjutant; and responsible that the 
 drummers, buglers or pipers, are instructed in e- ery 
 part of their duty, that their instruments are kept in 
 good order, that they practise daily under his superinten- 
 dence, and that each is capable of performing his duty 
 as a drummer, fifer, or bugler. He is also answerable 
 for their conduct and general appearance. 
 
 He should not permit drums to be beaten, or bugles 
 or pipes to be sounded, except by orders from the Com- 
 manding Officer, Adjutant or Sergeant Major. 
 
 On parade he should take charge of both Band and 
 Buglers, so far as relates to their movements during 
 manoeuvres, and in case of danger through frightened 
 horses, or at the instance of the Commanding Officer, 
 should stop the music. 
 
 SERGEANT COOK. 
 
 The Sergeant Cook has the superintendence of the 
 Company Cooks, the cook houses and utensils, and is ;e- 
 sponcible that the soldiers' meals are properly and regu- 
 larly cooked. 
 
 He should be a steady and trustworthy Non-commic- 
 sioned Officer, able to write with accuracy and quickr.ess:. 
 
H 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 with a knowledge of the first four rules of arithmetic and 
 simple proportion. 
 
 Sergeant Cooks are usually classed with Staff Ser- 
 geants. 
 
 PIONEER SERGEANT. 
 
 The Pioneer Sergeant is in charge of the pioneers, and 
 should be, if possible, a carpenter by trade. He should 
 have a thorough knowledge of his own as well as a good 
 idea of other trades. 
 
 He is usually classed with Staff Sergeants. 
 
 COLOUR SERGEANTS. 
 
 Colour Sergeants who stand in the position of Company 
 Sergeants Major, should remember that to render them- 
 selves deserving of the honourable distinction conferred 
 upon them, they are bound to be irreproachable in their 
 conduct, zealous and attentive in the performance of their 
 duties, taking a pride in the cleanliness, soldierlike 
 bearing and dress of the men of their Companies, and 
 attentive to the good order of their barrack rooms or tents. 
 
 Colour Sergeants (being also Pay Sergeants) should report 
 direct to their Captains upon all subjects connected with 
 the payment and general discipline of their Companies. 
 
 They are responsible that the Duty rosters of their 
 Companies are kept with the greatest exactness, and for 
 the charge of all spare arms and accoutrements. 
 
 They should keep the accounts between the men and 
 the Captain, and attend at the taking or giving over of bar- 
 racks to be occupied or vacated by their Companies, the 
 drawing or exchanging of bedding or barrack utensils, also 
 at all barrack inspections. On these occasions they should 
 note all damages or deficiencies in the different rooms, so 
 that when the bill for barrack damages is presented against 
 the Company, they may be able to charge each individual 
 with his fair sh^re. 
 
 « 
 
NON-COMMISSIONED OI FICERS. 
 
 15 
 
 metic and 
 Staff Ser- 
 
 neers, and 
 Eie should 
 as a good 
 
 Company 
 ider them- 
 conferred 
 e in their 
 ce of their 
 soldierlike 
 anies, and 
 s or tents, 
 luld report 
 :cted with 
 ipanies. 
 s of their 
 58, and for 
 
 men and 
 ver of bar- 
 anies, the 
 msils.also 
 ley should 
 rooms, so 
 cd against 
 individual 
 
 The following rolls should be ke})t by Pay Sergeants to 
 assist them in the discharge of their duties : — 
 
 1. A daily account of rations drawn for the Company 
 kept in a tabular form in a book. All charges or casual- 
 ties should be carefully noted down in the column 
 for remarks. In the same book should be kept a roll of 
 men admitted to and discharged from Hospital or in con- 
 finement, with the dates of admission and discharge ; also 
 the total number ot days in Hospital. 
 
 2. An alphabetical roll of the Company, showing date 
 of each man's enlistment, age at original enlistment, 
 country, religion, trade, and present height. 
 
 3. A Company clothing roll, showing what articles have 
 been issued to each man. 
 
 4. An alphabetical roll of the Company (including 
 attached men) for muster parade, with the cause of absence 
 from parade marked in ink opposite the man's name. 
 
 5. A roll showing the number of arms, accoutrements, 
 &c., in each man's possession. In the column of remarks 
 should be entered all damages to the arms,&c., which have 
 been noted at any inspection, and to whom these are 
 chargeable. 
 
 6. A miscellaneous book in which should be entered 
 an account of the distribution of the Company's bedding, 
 showing the number of sets in each man's possession. 
 
 7. A distribution of the washing for the men. 
 
 8. An account of necessaries drawn from Regimental 
 store, giving the date of drawing, and the price of each 
 article. 
 
 9. A casualty state of the Company, carefully noting in 
 the column of remarks all changes that may take place 
 in its strength. 
 
 10. A list of men sleeping out of barracks. 
 
 11. A roll of Non-commissioned Ofticers, with the dates 
 of their [iromotions. 
 
i6 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 i! 
 
 I ii 
 § .1 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF ROOMS, TENTS, 
 
 OR SQUADS. 
 
 The Non-commissioned Officer in charge of a room, tent, 
 or squad, should keep the Roster for the Orderly men of 
 his room and be held responsible that the room or tent be 
 thoroughly cleaned, swept, and ventilated, the beds pro- 
 perly folded, and everything in order within half an hour 
 after rouse sounding. He should inspect each man's berth 
 on these occasions, and see that the accoutrements and 
 clothing are all arranged according to orders. He should 
 see that a correct roll of the men of his room is suspend- 
 ed at all times behind the barrack room door and that 
 the men sit down to their meals properly dressed. He 
 should see every man in bed, the water can filled with 
 water, and every precaution taken against fire by^the time 
 " lights out " is sounded. 
 
 He should be responsible for the good order of 
 his men's appointments and know the condition of 
 every man's kit, what part of a man's necessaries are old 
 and what new ; also what articles require repair, and that 
 such things as .may be marked for repair, at any inspec- 
 tion, are repaired accordingly. If a man have any of his 
 appointments out of order or not properly cleaned, he 
 should set him to work at them after parade, and should 
 not permit him to quit the barrack room, except on duty, 
 until the;y are in a proper state. 
 
 When at home parades the Non-commissioned Officer 
 of a squad should keep a roll containing the names, resi- 
 dence, and business address of the men in his squad, and 
 be responsible that they are warned for parades and other 
 duties, as well as having a general supervision over them 
 as already described. 
 
 The Non-corhmissioned Officer in charge of a squad 
 should report every occurrence to the Officer of the squad, 
 or in his absence to the Captain. 
 
OFFICERS. 
 
 17 
 
 S, TENTS, 
 
 oom, tent, 
 y men of 
 ar tent be 
 beds pro- 
 If an hour 
 an's berth 
 nents and 
 ^e should 
 ; suspend- 
 and that 
 3sed. He 
 illed with 
 y'^the time 
 
 order of 
 idjtion of 
 es are old 
 , and that 
 ly inspec- 
 any of his 
 eaned, he 
 id should 
 t on duty, 
 
 ed Officer 
 mes, resi- 
 quad, and 
 and other 
 5ver them 
 
 i a squad 
 the squad, 
 
 '■■« 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Sir Garnet Wolseley says, "an inefficient Officer is a 
 swindle upon the public." It is of more importance in the 
 Militia force than in the Regular Army that Officers .should 
 possess a high standard of professional knowledge : for, in 
 the Regular Service, where all ranks are well grounded in 
 their work, the shortcomings of one inefficient Officer are 
 counterbalanced by the general knowledge possessed by 
 those around him, and the machine being in daily use is 
 in such good order that it runs smoothly. It is different, 
 however, with a Militia Regiment, which is only worked 
 for short spells and at great intervals of time ; the profes- 
 sional knowledge possessed by their Officers is also more 
 theoretical than practical'. To compensate for these 
 disadvantages their theoretical knowledge should be of a 
 superior class. 
 
 Drill an Officer must learn practically on parade, but 
 he can acquire a vast amount of military knowledge by 
 study. In order, therefore, that he should really deserve 
 the respect of those under his command, he must take 
 care that his professional knowledge is of a high order, 
 and his men, feeling that he knows his work thoroughly, 
 will look up to him, and in moments af doubt or danger 
 turn to him for guidance. 
 
 It is necessary that an Officer should be well informed 
 in the responsible part he has to perform. 
 
 The first step a young Officer must take towards quali- 
 fying himself for command is to learn to obey, and to 
 yield readily to the knowledge and experience of his supe- 
 riors ; he will then, from them, his own observation, and 
 the many excellent works which have been written on the 
 subject, find ample means of making himselt a good and 
 efficient soldier. 
 
i8 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 ji 
 
 ! I 
 
 I! 
 
 ■1 
 
 1 1 
 
 I ii'i 
 
 ' 1 
 
 . 1 
 
 Example is a duty of high importance in every degree 
 of life ; in none of more utility and consequence than in 
 the military profession. This consideration is earnestly 
 recommended to all oflScers on whom many eyes are 
 fixed. It is their example that regulates and determines 
 the behaviour of the Non-commissioned Officers and men. 
 
 Officers should always encourage and promote as much 
 as possible healthful amusements amongst the men, and 
 they cannot take too much pains to instil into their com- 
 panies a degree of emulation and pride peculiar to each 
 respectively, encouraging their men to take immediate 
 cognizance themselves of irregularities reflecting on all. 
 By encouraging such a spirit much will be done towards 
 increasing the efficiency of the force. 
 
 Officers should at all times hear patiently any com- 
 plaint which may be made in a respectful and proper 
 manner by any of their men, and, if possible, apply a 
 remedy, or, in more serious cases, report to the Captain, 
 who, if necessary, will report to the Commanding Officer. 
 A soldier must be always made to feel that his complaint, 
 when well founded, will not be made in vain. Officers 
 however, are not to permit groundless and malicious 
 reports to pass uncensured ; where malice is apparent, 
 particularly when the complaint is against a Non-com- 
 missioned Officer, the person making it, together with his 
 aiders and abettors, must invariably be punished. Officers 
 to whom any complaints are made should sift the matter 
 strictly. 
 
 Officers should endeavour to procure for themselves the 
 confidence of the soldier in every respect. This is only 
 attainable by attention to his real wants, by studying his 
 character and treating him accordingly, by preserving a 
 regular and steady discipline, by the dispensation of 
 rewards and punishments with certainty and impartiality, 
 and by showing a decisiveness and fixed rule of action in 
 
 li 
 
 ^ 
 
Ji 
 
 ^ 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 19 
 
 y degree 
 than in 
 samestly 
 eyes are 
 termines 
 md men. 
 as much 
 len, and 
 leir com- 
 r to each 
 imediate 
 g on all. 
 towards 
 
 my corn- 
 proper 
 
 apply a 
 Captain, 
 I Officer. 
 >mplaint, 
 
 Officers 
 
 nalicious 
 
 ipparent, 
 
 lon-com- 
 
 with his 
 
 Officers 
 e matter 
 
 elves the 
 s is only 
 lying his 
 ;erving a 
 ation of 
 artiality, 
 iction in 
 
 every matter. Inconsistency and indecision can never 
 command the respect and confidence of the men. 
 
 An Officer should never discourage a well-behaved man 
 from at any time seeking his friendly counsel and advice. 
 Such terms between a superior and a subordinate, who 
 from his good conduct is entitled to respect, is unlikely to 
 lead to abuse, but rather to a feeling of confidence and 
 the good of the service. 
 
 Officers should at all times be anxious to preserve and 
 uphold, by every means in their power, the authority and 
 respectability of the Non-commissioned Officers ; no good 
 can ever result in lessening them in their own or the men's 
 ^ estimation ; rather than subject them to severe and public 
 
 reprimands they should be reduced to the ranks, for a 
 Non-commissioned Officer who will not be attentive to 
 his Officer's admonition, nor be guided in his conduct by 
 the advice of his superior, is unworthy of his situation, 
 and the sooner he is removed from it the better for the 
 service. 
 
 The most scrupulous punctuality as to time and place 
 is required from every one concerned in any military duty. 
 
 They should consider it a material point of duty to pay 
 strict attention to the appearance and conduct of the 
 Non-commissioned Officers and men, as well oflf as on 
 duty. 
 
 Officers are at all times to take notice of any slovenli- 
 ness they may observe in guards, picquets, reliefs, fatigue 
 parties, or sentries. They are not to make a practice of 
 ordering sentries to walk about without paying the com- 
 pliment, as this occasions it being done in a slovenly 
 manner when received. They should never permit any 
 man to appear improperly dressed, or dirty in his person, 
 or awkward or slovenly in the street, whether of their own 
 or another company, without noticing it, nor should they 
 ever permit a soldier to pass without saluting, or allow a 
 
i; 
 
 f 
 
 20 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL 
 
 11 
 
 I 
 
 Non-commissioned Officer or private, when talking to 
 thorn, to stand in a lounging or unsoldier-like manner. 
 
 Officers should at all times endeavour to make each 
 individual do his own duty. No sergeant is ever to be 
 reqnired to perform any duty which ought to be done by 
 an Officer ; neither is an Officer to allow a serge,. 'it to 
 put his duty on a corporal ; each must do his own. 
 The chain of responsibility should never be broken. 
 
 Officers should be very careful not to reprimand or even 
 speak to a man in liquor more than is necessary in con- 
 fining him, because it can have no good effect. A man 
 in that situation is often led to a reply and insolence of 
 behaviour which it becomes impossible to overlook. 
 
 Officers are never to suffer an answer to be made to an 
 observation made upon the parade or when under arms. 
 The soldier who behaves in so unmilitary a manner should 
 be immediately confined. 
 
 They are especially enjoined to avoid making remarks 
 on any military order or regimental topic within the 
 hearing of Non-commissioned Officers, soldiers, or ser- 
 vants, a practice which is at all times injurious to good 
 order and military discipline. 
 
 The Senior Officer present on parade, at mess, at all 
 times, and in all places, is held responsible that no irre- 
 gularity or impropriety passes unnoticed by him ; on the 
 contrary, he must immediately take proper steps to check 
 'or correct any such conduct. 
 
 It is to be considered the duty of every Officer to see 
 the Garrison and Regimental Orders daily, and Vd send for 
 the Order Book, if not brought to him at the usual hour, 
 as no plea is allowed for ignorance of orders. 
 
 If the character or conduct of an Officer should be 
 publicly impugned, he is bound within a reasonable time 
 to submit the case to the Commanding Officer, or to other 
 competent military authority, for investigation. 
 
 ^s* 
 
OFFICERS. 
 
 21 
 
 Iking to 
 manner. 
 
 ike each 
 er to be 
 done by 
 ge.i'it to 
 lis own. 
 en. 
 
 I or even 
 
 ■ in con- 
 
 A man 
 
 )lence of 
 
 3k. 
 
 de to an 
 er arms. 
 iv should 
 
 remarks 
 thin the 
 , or ser- 
 
 to good 
 
 ss, at all 
 
 no irre- 
 
 ; on the 
 
 to check 
 
 ;r to see 
 I send for 
 lal hour, 
 
 tiould be 
 ble time 
 • to other 
 
 Officers going on temporary leave ot absence should leave 
 their address at the Orderly Room, as also the nnme of 
 the Officer they have arranged to take their duty during 
 their absence. Any Officer who has been absent from 
 the regiment, is immediately on his return to make him 
 self acquainted with all orders that may have been issued 
 during his absence. 
 
 Whenever an Officer joins or returns to the regiment, 
 he should, before he appears anywhere in public, wait on 
 the Commanding Officer. 
 
 All applications for leave from parade should be made 
 the day before, in wnting, through the Adjutant, for the 
 Commanding Officer's permission. 
 
 No Officer should exchange any duty without the per- 
 mission of the Commanding Officer, which is to be made in 
 writing through the Adjutant ; and this application must be 
 made before the|name of either party has appeared in orders. 
 
 No Officer should ever apply to a Barrack Master for 
 extra acconmodation, or exchange his quarters without 
 the Commanding Officer's sanction (obtained through the 
 Quarter Master.) 
 
 Any Officer who may be prevented by illness from doing 
 duty or attending parade, should immediately send an inti- 
 mation of it to the Adjutant and Surgeon, or Assistant- 
 Surgeon, who will report to the Commanding Officer. He 
 should do the same on recovery. During the con- 
 tinuance of sickness he should confine himself strictly to 
 the precints of barracks or quarters, unless he goes out 
 for exercise by the advice of the Surgeon. Durmg such 
 sickness and consequent absence from parade, he should, 
 of course abstain from going to parties and entertainments. 
 
 Officers should at all times appear dressed in accordance 
 mth the order of the station or garrison in which the 
 regiment may be serving ; an Officer cannot be too 
 p.5tj.tif.y.lar in his dress. 
 
22 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 COMMANDING OFFICER. 
 
 I ill 
 
 i\ 
 
 An Officer entrusted with the command of a regiment 
 is invested with authority which renders him responsible 
 to his Sovereign and his country for the maintenance of 
 discipline, order, and a proper system of economy in his 
 corps ; he is to exact from Officers and men the most 
 implicit obedience to regulations, and he is not only to 
 enforce by command, but to encourage by example, the 
 energetic discharge of duty, and the steady endurance of 
 the difficulties and privations which are inseparable from 
 military service. 
 
 A Commanding Officer's authority is paramount, 
 whether on the parade, at the mess, or in any other situa- 
 tion ; he should give his best attention to promote a good 
 understanding amongst the Officers, by advice to the 
 young and inexperienced, by timely interference to pre- 
 vent disputes, and by taking immediate notice of any 
 conduct likely to interrupt the harmony of the corps ; he 
 should explain to the Officers in the most forcible manner, 
 the consequences of allowing themselves to be misled by 
 erroneous notions and false principles of honour, and he 
 should encourage them, in the event of any dispute or 
 difference arising, to make him the arbiter, as the person 
 more immediately responsible for maintaining unblemish- 
 ed the honour and character of the corps ; and his decision 
 and disposal of the question should be considered as final. 
 
 Courtesy among military men is indispensable to 
 discipline. Commanding Officers should not only bear 
 this in mind, but they should inculcate the principle in 
 those under their command. Whenever it becomes 
 necessary, in order to check carelessness or neglect of 
 duty, admonition or reproof (unless the occasion demands 
 public example) should be conveyed privately, and when- 
 ever it is desirable to reward the zealous and the worthy. 
 
 .,1^ 
 
OFFICERS. 
 
 23 
 
 regiment 
 sponsible 
 nance of 
 my in his 
 the most 
 t only to 
 nple, the 
 irance of 
 ible from 
 
 ramount, 
 her situa- 
 te a good 
 e to the 
 :e to pre- 
 e of any 
 ;orps ; he 
 ; manner, 
 nisled by 
 , and he 
 ispute or 
 le person 
 iblemish- 
 5 decision 
 i as final, 
 sable to 
 mly bear 
 ticiple in 
 becomes 
 Jglect of 
 demands 
 id when- 
 worthy, 
 
 the fitting acknowledgment or praise should be bestowed 
 in public. 
 
 The Commanding Ofi&cer should take frequent opportu- 
 nities of personally examining the Officers — more particu- 
 larly the Subalterns — upon every point connected with 
 their duties in the field ; the Militia Regulations and 
 Orders, the Field and Rifle Exercises, and the interior 
 economy of a Company. 
 
 He should see that Officers are practically instructed in 
 the duties of picquets and outposts ; in the mode of con- 
 ducting patrols, and. as far as may be practicable, in the 
 construction of field-works. He will, at his discretion, 
 direct the Field Officers and the Captains to take command 
 of the parade, and in his presence to exercise the regiment 
 or battalion. The instruction and improvement of his 
 men also form a most essential part of the supervision of 
 a Commanding Officer. 
 
 Commanding Officers are responsible and accountable 
 for all public stores of whatever description, belonging or 
 appertaining to the regiments under their command ; the 
 duties of detail with which Officers commanding com- 
 panies, or quarter-masters are charged, being performed 
 under the Commanding Officer's control and supervision. 
 
 An Officer in the temporary command of a Regiment 
 should not give out any standing orders, or alter those 
 issued by the Lieutenant-Colonel commanding, without 
 a reference to him or to the Officer under whose im- 
 mediate command the corps may be placed; on the 
 other hand, the Lieutenant-Colonel commanding, when 
 absent from his corps, is not justified in issuing Regi- 
 mental orders. 
 
 Commanding Officers are to cause every order and 
 circular issued for general information and guidance either 
 to be republished in regimental orders, or otherwise cir- 
 culated throughout the corps ; and they are to afford all 
 
I MM 
 
 mum 
 
 24 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL 
 
 i i 
 
 t i ■ 
 
 :*M 
 
 Officers under their command every facility for becoming 
 acquainted with current changes in the regulations and 
 orders. Ignorance of published orders will never be ad- 
 mitted as an excuse for their non-observance. 
 
 Whenever armed parties are called out for the perform- 
 ance of any unusual duties, Commanding Officers are 
 personally to ascertain that the Officers in charge are 
 fully acquainted with all orders and directions that bear 
 on the service they may be called upon to perform. 
 
 MAJORS. 
 
 Nothing more essentially tends to the maintenance of 
 regularity and good order than that system or chain of 
 responsibility which should extend from the highest to 
 the lowest grade. With this view, a regiment is to be 
 formed into half battalions, and the companies composing 
 them respectively placed under the immediate superinten- 
 dence of a Field Officer, who is to report to the Com- 
 manding Officer as to their state and condition. 
 
 The duty of these Officers is to enforce every order 
 issued by the Commanding Officer, to assist him by every 
 means in their power in establishing good order in every 
 department, in maintaining the discipline of the Regiment, 
 and in..::ediately correcting any deviations from the Regu- 
 lations and Orders, and the Standing Orders of the 
 Regiment. 
 
 They will see that Ihe Officers on daily Regimental 
 duty thoroughly perform what is required of them, and 
 will immediately make known to the Commanding Officer 
 any irregularity which may come under their notice, and 
 of which he ought to become acquainted. 
 
 It is of importance that the Regimental Field Officers 
 should at all times make themselves thoroughly acquainted 
 with the professional abilities of the whole of the officers 
 placed under their charge, so as to assist Commanding 
 
 I 41 
 
■»> 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 25 
 
 becoming 
 tions and 
 'er be ad- 
 
 ; perform- 
 ficers are 
 harge are 
 that bear 
 rm. 
 
 tenance of 
 r chain of 
 highest to 
 t is to be 
 :omposing 
 [iperinten- 
 the Com- 
 
 'ery order 
 1 by every 
 ir in every 
 Regiment, 
 the Regu- 
 rs of the 
 
 egimental 
 them, and 
 ng Officer 
 otice, and 
 
 d Officers 
 cquainted 
 he officers 
 nmanding 
 
 I 
 
 Officers in the appreciation of the military acquirements 
 of those under their command. 
 
 The special duties of the Majors are as follows : 
 
 1. To maintain a general superintendence of the Regi- 
 ment by Half Battalions, the senior the right, the junior 
 
 the left. 
 
 2. To check immediately any deviation from or neglect 
 
 of orders. 
 
 3. To superintend all drills and enforce a rigid adherence 
 on the part of every one to the " Field Exercise." 
 
 4. To observe whether Officers adhere to regulation in 
 their dress and appointments. 
 
 5. To visit the barracks occassionally, seeing whether 
 the rules as to the order and cleanliness of the rooms, 
 passages, barrack-yard, etc., are being observed. 
 
 6. To visit the hospital at least once a week. 
 
 They will also take under their especial guidance and 
 instruction, all young Officers who may belong to their 
 portion of the Regiment, and will extend to them such 
 advice and encouragement as they may seem to require. 
 
 ADJUTANT. 
 
 The Adjutant should generally assist the Commanding 
 Officer in his duties. He is to be considered as the 
 "mouthpiece" of ihe Commanding Officer, and orders 
 given by him, to any Officer of whatever regimental rank, 
 or seniority, under the Commanding Officer's authority, 
 are to be obeyed with the same alertness as though 
 delivered by that Officer in person. 
 
 He will be answerable for all the orderly room work, 
 books, returns, and orders. He will have under his 
 especial direction the Sergeant Major, the Orderly Room 
 Clerk, and Drum, Pipe, or Bugle Major. He is to regulate 
 Rosters, the Officers' Duty Roster being under his especial 
 care. 
 
26 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 I IMl 
 
 He will command at all the regimental drills ; but only 
 Officers who are his juniors in the Regiment will fall in 
 under him. Should it be necessary for an Officer senior 
 to the Adjutant to fall in at his drills for instruction, the 
 Captain of the day or other senior Officer must be present, 
 but will not take part in the drill. 
 
 The drill of all recruits and young Officers is under his 
 special direction. 
 
 He should report to the second in command of the 
 Regiment when he considers any recruits fit to join. 
 
 The Adjutant should pay particular attention to the in- 
 struction of the Non-commissioned Officers ; he should 
 also inspect them together with the band and buglers 
 before every Commanding Officer's parade. 
 
 He should enter into the characters and dispositions of 
 the Non-commissioned Officers and men of the regiment, 
 so as to be able to assist them with advice and informa- 
 tion when he p^jrceives defects ; and that he may be 
 qualified to recommend the most deserving to the notice 
 which they appear to merit. 
 
 He should be the first to set an example to Officers and 
 men in dress, obedience to orders, punctual attendance at 
 parades, alacrity, alertness, and unceasing attention to 
 all the duties of a soldier. 
 
 It is his duty to be constantly vigilant and careful that 
 the orders of the Regiment are attended to and obeyed, 
 with the most scrupulous exactness. He must be active 
 and persevering, never taking for granted that anything is 
 right, but constantly seeing that it is so ; informing the 
 Commanding Officer when he finds neglects or irregulari- 
 ties which it is not in his power to correct. 
 
 The dress, appearance and "carriage of the men 
 both on and off duty, are to be particularly attended to by 
 him. 
 
 He should parade and inspect guards, and armed parties 
 
 
OFFICERS. 
 
 27 
 
 but only 
 all fall in 
 :er senior 
 ction, the 
 e present, 
 
 under his 
 
 d of the 
 oin. 
 
 to the in- 
 le should 
 d buglers 
 
 sitions of 
 regiment, 
 informa- 
 3 may be 
 he notice 
 
 ficers and 
 ndance at 
 ention to 
 
 reful that 
 i obeyed, 
 be active 
 nything is 
 •ming the 
 rregulari- 
 
 the men 
 ded to by 
 
 2d parties 
 
 proceeding on duty, which will then be handed over to 
 the charge of the proper officer. 
 
 When an armed escort returns to Barracks, the Non- 
 commissioned Officer in charge will not dismiss his men 
 until he has reported his return to the Adjutant, or in his 
 absence to the Orderly Officer. 
 
 He should be present during the sitting of all Regimental 
 Courts Martial, and be prepared, if necessary, to answer 
 to the character of the prisoner, or any other particulars 
 which may be required, taking care that the prisoners 
 and evidence have been previously warned, and that 
 everything is regular, so as to prevent any unnecessary 
 delay. He should also be present at all Courts of 
 Inquiry and regimental investigations of that nature. 
 
 Although the Adjutant is not to interfere in the interior 
 arrangement of companies, he is to take notice of all 
 deviations from the Standing Orders of the Regiment, and 
 any other irregularities he may observe on the part of the 
 Non-commissioned Officers or soldiers. 
 
 There is no circumstance in which the discipline of the 
 Regiment can in any way be concerned, which the Adju- 
 tant should think foreign to his department, and its 
 general appearance will best evince his zeal and ability. 
 
 When the Adjutant is on leave, another Officer should 
 be put in regimental orders to take his duty, but when he 
 is only temporarily absent his duty is to be performed by 
 the Orderly-Officer. 
 
 In corps not having an Adjutant, an Orderly-Officer of 
 the day (or week) is to be detailed in orders to perform 
 Adjutant's duty : such Officer is to sign all orders, adver- 
 tisements, etc., by order, before issue. 
 
 MEDICAL OFFICERS. 
 
 The general charge and management of the Hospital 
 and sick of the Regiment is under the direction of the 
 
' 'i 
 
 i 
 
 I lit 
 
 1; 
 
 « 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 fi ;' 
 
 
 'l 
 
 
 : 
 
 1 
 
 1 J 
 
 ' ill 
 
 ! IP 
 I 
 
 28 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Medical Officers. They should visit the barracks and 
 married men's rooms frequently, and the prisoners in the 
 regimental cells daily ; communicating personally with 
 the Commanding Officer on all pcints connected witij the 
 general health of the Regiment. 
 
 The Surgeon will, when on actual service or oat for actual 
 training, send a daily report of the sick to the Orderly 
 Room ; he will also inspect every man once a week,, and 
 in the event of any man dying, or accident happening,, be 
 will make an immediate written report of it. 
 
 A Medical Officer should attend all parades for target 
 practice and field-days with blank cartridge. 
 
 Whenever a soldier is reported too ill to be taken or 
 sent to Hospital, he is to be instantly visited by one of the 
 Medical Officers. 
 
 The Surgeon or his Assistant will attend the Barrack- 
 Master at the inspection of the Hospital, and be prepared 
 to attest by his signature the list of damages or losses 
 proposed to be assessed in it, and in the outhouses 
 attached to it. 
 
 Upon the receipt of a route for the march of the Regiment, 
 the Surgeon is immediately to send to the Orderly Room 
 the names of such men as it will be necessary to leave 
 behind on account of illness, also a nominal return of 
 those for whom carriage will be required. See also 
 " Militia R. & O., 1879," para. 440, etc. 
 
 The Surgeon should examine all recruits on their joining 
 the corps, and report to the Lieut.-Colonel his opinion 
 of them. 
 
 Medical Officeis are exempted from sitting as president 
 or vice-president at the regimental mess. 
 
 For the position of Medical Officers on parade see 
 " Field Exercise." 
 
 When the Regiment manoeuvres, Medical Officers at 
 once fall out and keep in rear of the formations. 
 
OFFICERS. 
 
 29 
 
 arracks and 
 oners in the 
 onally with 
 ;ed witii the 
 
 at for actual 
 he Orderly 
 a weeky and. 
 ppening,, he 
 
 s for target 
 
 be taken or 
 y one of the 
 
 lie Barrack- 
 
 De prepared 
 
 es or losses 
 
 outhouses 
 
 g Regiment, 
 derly Room 
 ary to leave 
 il return of 
 See also 
 
 ;heir joining 
 his opinion 
 
 IS president 
 
 parade see 
 
 Officers at 
 
 They do not march past, and never draw their swords 
 on parade. 
 
 During a march past they will place themselves at the 
 saluting point, in rear of the reviewing Officer. 
 
 When troops are on the march, the post of Medical 
 Officers is in rear of their respective Regiments. 
 
 PAYMASTER. 
 
 The duties of a Paymaster (on actual service), are 
 laid down in the " Militia Regulations and Orders, 1879," 
 para. 706, etc. 
 
 When drill is performed at headquarters, very little is 
 demanded of him, except calling the roll at muster parades, 
 and checking and certifying to the correctness of the pay 
 rolls as made up by the Officers commanding companies, 
 before they are forwarded to the Commanding Officer. 
 
 Paymasters holding the rank of Lieutenant are allowed 
 a choice of quarters next after the Captains without refer- 
 ence to their commissions as Subaltern Officers. 
 
 For duties on parade see " Medical Officers." 
 
 QUARTER MASTER. 
 
 The appointment of Quarter Master is one of at least 
 as great importance to the comfort and health of the 
 soldier as that of Surgeon. The services of the 
 latter are only required in exceptional cases, to repair 
 health which has been injured. The labours of the former 
 concern every man in the Regiment, and are directed to 
 maintaining him in health and vigour ; and his duties 
 require a clear head and untiring assiduity. Commanding 
 Officers should therefore be most careful in the selec- 
 tion they make for the post of Quarter Master. 
 
 He will take charge of all stores of every description 
 belonging to the corps, and issue them on the requisitions of 
 Cnptains of Companies, as may be authorized and required. 
 
30 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 I I'l 
 
 I; 
 
 ' 
 
 r 
 JiJ 
 
 He is to receive and issue all ammunition, also camp 
 equipage. 
 
 He is responsible for the cleanliness of the Camp or 
 Barracks. 
 
 He has the superintendence of the conveyance of the 
 baggage of his corps when on the march, and will attend 
 to the loading of it. One fatigue man per company, with 
 the Quarter Master Sergeant and a Corporal should, if 
 necessary, be placed under his orders to enable him to 
 execute his charge. Upon the receipt of a route for the 
 march of the Regiment, or a detachment, he is imme- 
 diately to give notice to the proper authorities, and 
 procure waggons, or other conveyance for the baggage ; 
 the regulation of which, both previous to and during the 
 march, demands his particular attention. 
 
 He is to superintend the issue of all provisions, forage- 
 supplies, &c. ; and during the period of annual training in 
 camp he is to afford the Commanding Officer every 
 assistance in the procuring of rations and supplies. He 
 will give timely intimation to the Commanding Officer, 
 when a supply of necessaries is required for the Regiment, 
 in order that the regimental committee (a Field Officer 
 and the Officers commanding companies) may be assem- 
 bled to estimate the probable quantity of each description 
 of articles required. 
 
 He must keep in a guard book copies of all circulars. 
 &c., connected with his department, which may be re- 
 ceived from time to time, a letter book containing an 
 impression of all letters written by him, also a stores book 
 shewing an account of clothing, arms, accoutrements, am- 
 munition,fuel,provisions,etc.,and the manner in which they 
 are distributed. This book should be divided into three 
 parts, viz., an account with the Militia Department, 
 another with the Regiment in general, and the third with 
 the several Companies. All articles issued 'should be by 
 
OFFICERS. 
 
 31 
 
 , also camp 
 
 ;he Camp or 
 
 yraiice of the 
 will attend 
 mpany, with 
 il should, if 
 able him to 
 Dute fcr the 
 he is imme- 
 orities, and 
 he baggage; 
 [ during the 
 
 ions, forage- 
 d training in 
 )fficer every 
 ipplies. He 
 ling Officer, 
 le Regiment, 
 neld Officer 
 y be assem- 
 1 description 
 
 all circulars, 
 may be re- 
 antaining an 
 I stores book 
 rements, am- 
 n which they 
 id into three 
 Department, 
 e third with 
 hould be by 
 
 requisition, signed by Officers commanding Companies 
 countersigned by the Commanding Officer, and for stores 
 returned a receipt should be given or taken as the case 
 may be. 
 For duties on parade, see "Medical Officers." 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Every Officer commanding a company is charged with 
 the arms, accoutrements, ammunition, clothing, and other 
 public stores, belonging or appertaining to the force 
 under his command, for which he is accountable to his 
 Commanding Officer in case of their being lost, spoiled, 
 or damaged, not by unavoidable accident, or actual ser- 
 vice. He is in like manner responsible that the men's 
 messes and necessaries are properly provided as well as 
 for their military conduct and appearance. He is to 
 receive all moneys on account of the subsistence of his 
 company ; to take special care that such moneys are 
 expended in strict conformity to regulations, and with 
 a due regard to the interests of the soldier. In the 
 absence of the Captain these duties devolve upon the 
 Subaltern Officer appointed to the temporary command. 
 
 Officers commanding companies are bound to take 
 charge oi all public money received from paymasters, 
 or others, on account of their companies, which is only 
 to be issued to the Pay Sergeants, as required for the 
 subsistence of the Non-commissioned Officers and men ; 
 and no charge can be preferred against them for the 
 embezzlement or fraudulent application of any sum 
 beyond the amount actually required for the purpose. 
 
 The utmost attention is required from the Officers 
 commanding companies to the cleanliness of the men 
 as to their clothing, arms, and accoutrements, and also 
 as to the state of their barracks or quarters. Strict ad- 
 herence to this essential point of discipline will tend to 
 
n 
 
 32 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 il ; 
 
 
 I 
 
 '. II 
 
 the health and comfort of the soldier, and at the same 
 time promote the credit of the service. 
 
 They are frequently to visit their companies' quarters, 
 and part'cularly to attend to their messing, as they cannot 
 too often make themselves acquainted with the situation 
 of their men, nor too intimately know their conduct. 
 
 Every Captain present with the regiment must pav his 
 own company. 
 
 They are to attend rifle practice with their companies, 
 and to make themselves equally acquainted with the 
 instruction of musketry 'as with battalion and company 
 drill. 
 
 Recommendations for promotion and indulgence of 
 every kind, must come through Officers commanding 
 companies to the Commanding Officer. 
 
 Officers commanding companies are never to award a 
 soldier any punishment, merely on the recommendation 
 of a Non-commissioned Officer. They are to enquire into 
 the case, and dispose of it in the presence of the man. 
 
 Officers commanding companies are enjoined to instruct 
 all young Officers appointed to their companies in all the 
 details for the interior management of the company ; they 
 are expected to be acquainted with the name, character, 
 and all particulars respecting every man of their company. 
 
 When one Officer takes over the command of a company, 
 he should satisfy himself that the arms, stores, etc., are 
 correct and a certificate is to be sent in to the orderly 
 room stating that the company has been correctly delivered 
 over. . 
 
 The books to be in the possession of each are specified 
 in Part V., Sec. 2. They should be produced at the 
 orderly room at every inspection, tied together with string, 
 and the Officer's name (usually his card) attached to 
 them. 
 
 Any books that may be provided for the Officers at 
 
 I 
 
 ■ 
 
OFriCKRS. 
 
 33 
 
 his 
 
 
 the Government expense are invariably to be returnefl to 
 the Commanding Officer by any Officer on retirement from 
 the service, or exchanging his corps, etc. 
 
 All returns or states required from companies are to be 
 signed by the Officer commanding the company, who is 
 responsible for the accuracy of the "Parade States," 
 Returns, and Reports, etc., for the Commanding Officer. 
 
 SUBALTERNS. 
 
 In order to establish that chain of responsibility so 
 much enjoined in the Queen's Regulations, and to assign 
 to each Officer an object to which his attention is more 
 particularly to be directed, each company should be divided 
 into four squads, forming two half companies, under the 
 Subaltern Officers, the senior having charge of the right,, 
 the junior of the left ; if a company is very strong and 
 there are more than two Subalterns, it should be divided 
 into as many parts as there are Subalterns ; or if there 
 only be one Subaltern with a company he will take charge 
 of the whole company, under the direction of the Captain. 
 
 The Officers to whom half companies are entrusted, are 
 responsible for the cleanliness of the men as regards their 
 persons, clothing, arms, accoutrements, and quarters. 
 
 Subalterns in charge of half companies should be in 
 possession of a roll of the same, containing the names of 
 the men, their respective employments, addresses when 
 on home service ; also the number of each man's arms, 
 great coat, etc. 
 
 A Subaltern appointed to the command of a company- 
 becomes charged immediately with the whole of the 
 responsibility which devolved upon the Captain. 
 
 at 
 
34 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 \ ^ 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 
 • ill 
 
 1 i.n 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 III 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 Regimental Organization. 
 
 A Regiment should be divided into Half Battalions, the 
 Senior Major having charge of the right, the Junior of the 
 left, who should Fuperintendthe Companies of their respec- 
 tive Half Battalions, reporting to the Commanding Officer. 
 
 The Staff Officers, viz., Adjutant, Medical Officer, 
 Pay-master, and Quarter Master, report to the Command- 
 ing Officer alone. 
 
 The Sergeant Major, Band Master (for discipline only). 
 Drum, Pipe or Bugle Major, and Orderly Room Clerk 
 are under the immediate orders of the Adjutant. 
 
 The Sergeant Instructor of Musketry is under the orders 
 of the Officer Instructor. The Paymaster Sergeant and 
 Quarter Master Sergeant are under the orders of their 
 respective superiors. The Armourer Sergeant and Pioneer 
 Srrgeant are under the orders of the Quarter Master, the 
 Hospital Sergeant, the senior Medical Officer, 
 
 Officers commanding Companies should first report to the 
 Major commanding their Half Battalions upon any subject 
 of importance connected with their Companies. 
 
 Every officer, upon taking charge of a Company, should 
 send to the Commanding Officer a report that he has had 
 the arms, accoutrements, company's stores, men's accounts, 
 &c., given over to him in a regular and satisfactory 
 manner. The Officer who gives over the Company will 
 report, in writing, his having done so, and in the event of 
 any deficiency or irregularity he will mention the circum- 
 stance and explain the cause. 
 
 The statement of arms, accoutrements, and all public 
 property will be sent to the Quarter Master for comparison 
 with his books, and will be signed by him as to their 
 correctness or otherwise. All arms on transfer should 
 be minutely inspected by the armourer. 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 35 
 
 All applications or reports from Companies should be 
 made through the Captain or the Officer commanding in 
 his absence ; no Non-commissioned officer or soldier is 
 ever to be sent to make his application in person to the 
 Commanding Officer. The only exception permitted is 
 \vhen the complaint or report is -against tlie Ca\ ta.n or 
 Officer commanding the Company, or when a soldier , iiot 
 satisfied with his Captain's decision upon his compl: 
 
 The several companies of a Regiment should (for the 
 purposes of interior economy) be known and designated 
 by letters. During drill in Battalion, they should be called 
 by their numbers, as told off. 
 
 The flank companies on parade need not necessarily be 
 those occupying such positions by the natural order of 
 their letters or the seniority of their captains, but rather 
 those selected by the Commanding Officer for their 
 steadiness at drill. 
 
 Each Company should be divided into two half com- 
 panies, each half company into two squads, under the 
 charge of the Subalterns, who are responsible to the 
 captain for the condition of their respective half com- 
 panies. 
 
 A sergeant should be told off to each squad, who is 
 again responsible for its condition to the subaltern. Cor- 
 porals will be allotted in proportion, to assist the sergeants 
 in the execution of their duty. 
 
 In Barracks, Camp, or at Headquarters, the sergeants 
 of squads should be answerable (together with the com- 
 pany orderly sergeant) for the discipline, arrangement 
 cleanliness, and r^ularity of the tents or barrack rooms, 
 regular and punctual attendance at drill, the condition of 
 the arms, accoutrements, the general state of the clothing 
 and appointments, and their proper adjustment. Thus 
 the general chain of responsibility, beginning at the 
 highest, is extended to the junior ranks. 
 
36 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 11 
 
 MJ, 
 
 \ 1 
 
 i ' 
 
 f I 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers in charge of squads are to 
 be in possession of a roll of their squads, containing the 
 names of the men, their respective employments, resi- 
 dences, &c. (when at home), also the number of each man's 
 arms, great coat, etc. In the absence of any Non-commis- 
 sioned officer, his place and duty will be taken by the next 
 in seniority. 
 
 Nothing in this system, it should be understood, is to pre- 
 vent a senior Officer or Non-commissioned Officer interfer- 
 ing with or giving orders to any person not belonging to his 
 squad, it being an established axiom of military service 
 that the senior present is at all times in general charge. 
 
 Subalterns should be equally divided among the Com- 
 panies, and if it be necessary for a Subaltern to do dtity 
 temporarily with another Company, he should always 
 return to his own at the earliest opportunity. 
 
 Colour Sergeants report to the Officer commanding their 
 Companies. 
 
 Sergeants report, and are responsible to the Colour 
 Sergeant of their Company, as well as to the Subalterns. 
 
 Corporals report, and are responsible to the Sergeants 
 of their several squads. 
 
 ENROLMENT. 
 
 By the Militia Act those under the age of eighteen are 
 not eligible for enrolment, and great care should be taken 
 that none but well conducted and healthy men are 
 accepted. 
 
 Where the several Companies are all at Head Quarters 
 the following will be found a good plan for enrolling : — 
 
 A Board of Officers, consisting of a Field Officer, a 
 Medical Officer, and the Adjutant, should be appointed, 
 before whom all recruits should be brought for examina- 
 tion as to their qualification bv the Officer commanding the 
 company they desire to join. Ou being passed by the 
 
 11^ 
 
 t)^ 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 37 
 
 i 
 
 Board the recruit is brought before the Commanding 
 Officer, who will attest him and witness his signature to 
 the service roll of the Regiment, at the head of which 
 should be set out plainly, the usual conditions of ser- 
 vice, together ■ with any special regulations peculiar to 
 the Regiment. In order to obtain full particulars of the 
 recruit an attestation paper (Form i) will be found con- 
 venient ; this should be filled up and presented to the 
 Board, and left in the Orderly Room. 
 
 The recruit should then be put in orders as having been 
 taken on the strength, and posted to his Company with 
 the date of his attestation, he should then be sent to the 
 recruits' class, and not dismissed therefrom until the 
 Adjutant is satisfied that he is fit for duty. On the 
 Adjutant's certificate to that effect, he is served with 
 uniform. 
 
 In rural corps it may not be possible to carr>' out this 
 system, but it can be modified to suit circumstances. 
 
 Officers, on being gazetted, should be attested and sign 
 the Standing Orders of the Regiment, agreeing to be bound 
 by thfc -ame. 
 
 DISCHARGE OR TRANSFER. 
 
 On completing his term of service, a Non-commissioned 
 Officer or man is entitled to a discharge (Form 2), but 
 there is no provision in the Militia Act whereby a man 
 can claim it as a right until he has fulfilled the terms of 
 his service. 
 
 In the case of a transfer to another corps, a certificate 
 of service, stating length of the same, should be given, 
 ara vhenever a man leaves his corps, either through 
 death, disability, discharge, or transfer, his name shculd 
 be put in orders as being struck off the strength. 
 
 BAND AND BUGLERS. 
 
 The band, etc., should be regularly enrolled and taught 
 squad drill; they are under the orders of the Adjutant with 
 
IP •■; 
 
 ^I^% 
 
 ! .1. 
 
 ( : 
 
 38 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL 
 
 respect to their discipline, and under the direction and 
 control of the Band Committee and Band Master, as 
 musicians. 
 
 Bands should be dressed in clothing of the same colour 
 as that worn by their Regiments, with the additions noted 
 under " Dress " of Non-commissioned Officers and men. 
 
 Whenever the Band is dirf.cted to play at the Mess or 
 any public assembly, they should l>e properly dressed. 
 
 No Bandsman should engage himself to play in uniform 
 without the consent of the President of the Band Com- 
 mittee, and the Band should not play any^vhere without 
 the sanction of the Commanding Officer, 
 
 Any Bandsman habitually misbehaving should be sent 
 to his duty in the ranks, as the Band should always be 
 composed ol the best conducted men. 
 
 Each man should be held responsible for the instru- 
 ment entrusted to him, which should never be taken fp -n 
 the Band room unless required for duty 01 by special 
 permission. 
 
 It is essential that the band, bugle, drams r-^d fifes, 
 when playing or beating for military purpo.-^^, particu- 
 larly for the marches, should adhere st ictly to the time, 
 which will allow, within the minute, the exact num- 
 ber of steps prescribed in the "Field Exercise." For this 
 purpose the music for the different cadences should be 
 practised under the direction of the Band Master, with 
 the plummet, until the prescribed c ■■ lence has been ac- 
 quired. The band and the drums ?1 rrid be frequently 
 practised together, in order that, when relieving each other 
 in the quick march, the cadence may be preserved uni- 
 formly and uni ;:fcrrupt=wdiv. 
 
 The following books of instruction, published by author 
 ity, should be strictiy adhered to by the corps to which 
 they appertain, without addition or alteration, either as 
 regards the soundings or their application : — The " Infantry 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 39 
 
 The 
 
 m 
 
 Bugle Sounds," "Instructions for the Fife," and 
 Art of Beating the Drum." 
 
 Bands are upon no account to take part in any political , 
 religious or party procession. 
 
 The system so prevalent in the Militia force, of engaging 
 as Regimental Bands, those of Lodges, Associations, or 
 private enterprise, should be discountenanced ; the Band 
 of every corps should be absolutely under the control of 
 its officers. - • 
 
 PIONEERS. 
 
 The Pioneers are a small corps of Regimental artificers, 
 competent to repair barracks, furniture, utensils, etc., or 
 do other mechanical work in a regiment or garrison, and 
 if need be instruct others in the same. They should be 
 selected mainly on account of proficiency in their trades- 
 and good character; they may also be employed in 
 the quarter master's store or other duty pertaining to that 
 department. 
 
 Each company should have one pioneer, and the dis- 
 tribution of trades in a Regiment of ten companies as 
 follows : Three Carpenters ; two Bricklayers (one able to 
 plaster, the other to slate) ; one Smith (able to shoe horses'); 
 one Stone Mason ; one Painter and Glariier ; two Plumb- 
 ers and Gas Fitters. 
 
 A proper outfit of tools such as picks, spades, shovels, 
 axes, augers, a saw, chisel, crowbar, etc., should be in their 
 possession. 
 
 A Sergeant (a carpenter if possible j should have immedi- 
 ate charge, the whole corps being under the direction of the 
 Quarter Master. 
 
 DAILY ROUTINE. 
 
 In all garrisons and camps the hours for the "Reveille," 
 " Retreat," and " Tattoo," throughout the year are regu- 
 lated as follows : — 
 
40 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 1 iil: 
 
 REVEILLE. 
 
 Varying from 
 
 5 A.M. 
 
 in Summer to 
 
 6:30 A.M. 
 
 in Winter. 
 
 RETREAT. TATTOO (LAST POST). 
 
 At 
 
 Sunset. 
 
 Varying from 
 
 9 P.M. 
 
 in Winter to 
 
 10 P.M. 
 
 in Summer. 
 
 The time for sounding these calls is to be taken from the 
 main or other gua^d — to be named in garrison orders — or 
 from the firing of the station gun, where there is one. 
 
 Daily duties commence at Reveille ; weekly duties at 
 same time on Mondays. 
 
 All daily and weekly reports and returns should be sent 
 into the Orderly Room by 9 a.m. 
 
 On reveille being sounded the Non-Commissioned 
 Officers and men rise and dress, and the roll is called 
 by the Orderly Sergeant of the Company who notes men 
 absent or reported sick. An hour after reivelle sounding 
 every man should have his bed made up ; the rooms or tents 
 should be swept and cleaned, windows opened, or tent cur- 
 tains rolled up, unless in rainy weather, and the urine tubs 
 emptied, and placed at the appointed spot with clean 
 water in them. The Regimental Orderly Sergeant should 
 visit the Companies' rooms to see that this order has been 
 obeyed. 
 
 At a quarter before seven all men off duty should 
 parade, and drill for one hour ; men attending instruction 
 drill, and recruits, should also parade for drill at this hour. 
 Orderly Sergeants should attend at the falling in. 
 
 A Fatigue should also parade at this hour, and clean all 
 drains, urinals, &c., before breakfast. 
 
 At seven the rations of bread and meat should be issued, 
 when the Regimental Orderly Sergeant should see that 
 the Orderly Corporals and Orderly men of Companies are 
 properly dressed in fatigue clothing and report to the 
 Orderly Officers of the day, who attend, together with the 
 
 ii 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 41 
 
 Quarter-Master, and remain until all are issued ; any 
 complaints respecting the rations should be made at their 
 issue through the Orderly Corporals of Companies to the 
 Orderly Officers. 
 
 Vegetables and groceries may be drawn at the same 
 time, or if more convenient at a later hour, 
 
 The Non-commissioned Officer drawing meat for the 
 Company should be held responsible that it is at once 
 taken to the Cook-houses from the meat store, and not to 
 the barrack rooms. 
 
 At 7:45 the Regimental Orderly Sergeant should order 
 the warning or quarter bugle to sound for breakfast. 
 
 At eight the breakfast bugle should sound, when the 
 men sit down to breakfast. During breakfast they should 
 be visited by the Orderly Officers. 
 
 Immediately after breakfast the rooms or tents should 
 be arranged, the mess things removed, washed, and put in 
 their places by the Orderly men. 
 
 At nine o'clock, the Company Orderly Corporals, with 
 the men who have reported themselves sick, should 
 parade with their kits and be marched to the Hospital by 
 the Regimental Orderly Corporal, or Non-commissioned 
 Officer detailed for that duty, who should take with him 
 Sick Reports, and march back those men who may not 
 be admitted, together with those discharged from Hospital. 
 
 The Defaulters should also parade at nine o'clock and 
 be inspected by the Regimental Orderly Sergeant, and 
 also by the Non-commissioned Officers on Gate and 
 Canteen duty, that they may be identified by them. 
 
 Fatigue men should again parade at this hour and 
 thoroughly clean the barrack yard or camp, drains, 
 urinals, latrines, &c. 
 
 At the same hour the Commanding Officer should 
 attend the Orderly Room for the trial of prisoners and 
 other business. 
 
I 
 
 i i 
 
 i 
 3! m 
 
 
 i 
 
 I i 
 
 42 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 At 9:30 the Regimental Guard should be inspected and 
 marched off by the Adjutant or one of the Orderly- 
 Officers. 
 
 At 9:40 the " Dress " for parade should sound, and at 
 ten the Staff parade should be formed, to be immediately 
 followed by the Regimental parade, 
 
 The recruits and defaulters should parade at a quarter 
 to twelve o'clock, and drill until a quarter to one o'clock, 
 at which time the warning bugle for dinner should sound. 
 The hour for dinner should be one o'clock. 
 
 The Regimental Orderly Sergeant and Corporal should 
 precede the Orderly Officers a few paces on their visiting: 
 the messes, and command " attention." 
 
 At 2 the rooms should be visited by the Regimental 
 Orderly Sergeant, to see that everything is again in order, 
 mess utensils washed, and set in their proper places^ 
 rooms swept, &c. 
 
 At 2:30 afternoon parade ; first class men may be ex- 
 empted from this parade. 
 
 At 4 the defaulters should again parade, and drill 
 for an hour. 
 
 The tea bugle should sound at five, after which the 
 Regimental Orderly Sergeant inspects the Cookhouses 
 to see that they have been properly cleaned, and the 
 fires extinguished, and after locking them should hand 
 over the keys and those of the wash-houses to the 
 Sergeant of the Guard. 
 
 " Retreat " should be sounded at sundown, the Picquet 
 being then inspected by the Subaltern of the day. 
 
 First Post should be sounded at 9:30 p.m., in the sum- 
 mer, and at 8:30 in the winter. Last Post at 10 p.m. in 
 the summer, and at 9 in the winter, when the Subaltern 
 of the day should attend at the collection of the Tkttoo 
 reports from the Orderly Sergeants, and again inspects 
 the Picquet, and also the Defaulters; the Regimental 
 
 I 
 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 43 
 
 ted and 
 Orderly 
 
 and at 
 jdiately 
 
 quarter 
 
 o'clock, 
 
 sound. 
 
 should 
 visiting 
 
 iraental 
 3 order, 
 places, 
 
 ^ be ex- 
 
 id drill 
 
 ich the 
 :houses 
 nd the 
 1 hand 
 to the 
 
 *icquet 
 
 3 sum- 
 .m. in 
 •altern 
 rkttoo 
 spects 
 lental 
 
 Orderly Sergeant and Corporal, and Non-commissioned 
 Officers on Gate and Canteen duty, attend this parade. The 
 Subaltern should then remain until lights are reported 
 out by the JRegimentai Orderly Sergeant, 15 minutes after 
 last post sounding. 
 
 Between tattoo and reveille no bugle should be 
 sounded, or drum beaten, with the exception of the 
 call "lights out," the "fire-alarm" or other signal in 
 case of a turn out of the troops. 
 
 In cases of sudden alarm by day or night, and the 
 •' assemble " sounding a Regiment should instantly fall 
 in with arms and accoutrements. 
 
 In the event of fire, or any serious distubance taking 
 place at any time in the \.'cinity of their quarters, the 
 Officers and men of a regiment should immediately 
 repair to the parade ground and there await orders. 
 
 On an alarm of fire, the Guard should fall in ; the 
 Picquet should also fall in, and march under the Subaltern 
 of the day to the fire ; on its arrival there, should the 
 Officer receive no orders, he will form a cordon round the 
 fire, keep a clear space, and preserve order and silence. 
 The fire party (for which a Company should be detailed 
 monthly) should fall in in fatigue clothing, and act as 
 directed. The Regiment should remain quietly in Bar- 
 racks and await orders. 
 
 When a fire engine is in barracks, the Quarter Master 
 should have charge 01 it. It should be exercised by the 
 Fire Picquet every Saturday at noon, under the Subaltern 
 of the day. 
 
 BARRACKS, OR CAMPS. 
 
 Commanding Officers should prohibit the indiscriminate 
 admission of strangers into the barracks or camps, and 
 take measures to prevent any but persons of respectable 
 character from gaining access thereto. 
 
 The men should rise by five o'clock in the summer, and not 
 
 /■S 
 
 Ui 
 
44 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 il 
 
 later than 6.30 in the winter. The beds should be turned 
 up, and the rooms swept, and made thoroughly clean in half 
 an hour from rising; and as ever>' man should be sent to the 
 regimental hospital, who, from sickness, is obliged to keep 
 his bed ; no bed should be made down before " retreat " is 
 sounded. Each man should be answerable for the clean- 
 liness of his own berth ; the orderly men responsible for 
 the cleanliness of the tables, mess tins, plates, dishes, and 
 the room generally ; also the berths of such men as may 
 be on duty. The windows should be kept frequently open. 
 In camp, the curtains of tents are to be rolled up if the 
 weather be fine, and in any case the leeward side should 
 be raised. 
 
 The men should not use the barrack sheets, blankets, 
 or utensils, for any other purpose than for which they 
 are intended. 
 
 No washing of persons or clothes, or smoking in the 
 barrack room, should be permitted. 
 
 No clothing, arras, or anything whatever, should be 
 allowed to lie about, but everything should be in its proper 
 place and regular. 
 
 Every Barrack Room or Tent should hav^e posted in a 
 conspicuous place a small and neat label (Form 3), and on 
 the inside a nominal roll of the men occupying it. 
 
 When a passage or flight of stairs leads to more rooms 
 than one, the men of each room should take their turns 
 weekly, to keep it clean. 
 
 No water, dirt, or filth, should be thrown opposite the 
 Barrack doors, in the passage or stairs, or out of the win" 
 dows, but should be carried to the proper sinks for water, 
 and the receptacles for dirt. No man should make water 
 except at the places set apart for that purpose. 
 
 Any man fo'rad after tattoo in a Barrack room or Tent, 
 to which he Goes not belong, should be confined by the 
 Non-Commissioned Officer in charge. 
 
 Hi 
 
 i^0 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 45 
 
 )e turned 
 saninhalf 
 ienttothe 
 d to keep 
 itreat" is 
 he clean- 
 isible for 
 ihes, and 
 as may 
 itlyopen. 
 p if the 
 e should 
 
 blankets, 
 ich they 
 
 g in the 
 
 lould be 
 ts proper 
 
 ted in a 
 
 I, and on 
 
 e rooms 
 ir turns 
 
 site the 
 he win" 
 ■ water, 
 e water 
 
 r Tent, 
 by the 
 
 All lights should be put out immediately on the bugle 
 sounding for that purpose after tattoo. 
 
 In quartering the Non-Commissioned Officers and men 
 in a Barrack room or Tent, great care should be taken 
 that the arrangement is by squads. Should it be necessary 
 to break up any portion of the squads, as many squads 
 must be kept as complete as possible, instead of detaching 
 a portion from each. Comrades should be as little sep- 
 arated as possible in Quarters. 
 
 The men should sit down regularly to meals, cleanly 
 dressed, with tunics or serges buttoned up. No man should 
 be allowed to take his dinner away from the table. The 
 corporals dining at the tables should be responsible for 
 the decent behaviour of every man of their several messes. 
 
 Saturday should be appropriated to a thorough cleaning 
 of rooms, windows, passages, etc., by all hands, when the 
 tables, forms and utensils of every description, should be 
 scrubbed as white as they can possibly be made. The 
 bedding should be placed outside to air at reveille on 
 Saturday, and be taken in again at twelve, noon, "While 
 this thorough cleaning is going on, no men should leave 
 the Barracks or lines. 
 
 The following rules respecting the men's rooms should 
 be strictly attended to, in order to ensure uniformity 
 throughout a Regiment. 
 
 The bedsteads should be turned up, (if of iron) every 
 morning immediately after reveille sounding, and removed 
 about one foot from the wall, which will bring them in a 
 line. 
 
 The palliasses should then be rolled up in a circular 
 form, with nothing but the pillow inside, and placed on the 
 bedstead two inches from the head with the outward end 
 to the front ; if attention has been paid to fill all the beds 
 with the same quantity of straw, placed crossways in the 
 palliasses, the requisite uniformity will be obtained. The 
 
« I 
 
 :ii 
 
 46 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 '! 1 
 
 If 
 
 'I 
 
 sheets folded in three, and the blankets in four, wrapped 
 neatly rou'id and placed on the top, the whole to be bound 
 round the centre by a strap ; the rug placed on the extreme 
 end of tlie bedsteads, so as to admit of soldiers sitting 
 thereon during the day, or folded round the blankets oi 
 such beds as may not be in use. 
 
 Each man's name and company should be written on a 
 card and hung on the front of his bed clothes. — (Form 4.) 
 
 The men's necessaries should always be kept in their 
 knapsacks, with the exception of one pair of trowsers. a 
 tunic, jacket, forage cap, towel, one pair of boots, and the 
 clothes and shoe brushes, which should be disposed of as 
 follows ; 
 
 The trowsers should be folded in two, and placed out- 
 side on the top of the beds, red seam to the front, the 
 tunic and jacket neatly folded, will be laid on the top of 
 the trowsers, waistband of trowsers and collar of tunic to 
 the right, jacket collar to the left, and the forage cap over 
 all, with the number to the front. 
 
 The towel should be placed under the trowsers ready 
 or use, the end falling over the back of the bed to drj-. 
 
 The boots, well polished, should be arranged under the 
 fore part of the bed-cot, toes to the front. 
 
 The shoe brushes, closed together, should be placed in 
 front of the boots, with the blacking on the top. 
 
 The knapsacks should be placed on the shelves, over 
 the centre of each man's bed, flat without straps, but with 
 the great coats neatly folded on the top, the busby or hel- 
 met on the right; and the mess tin covers, with or without 
 the mess tin on the left of the knapsacks, flat part to the 
 knapsack. In tents, all necessaries should be placed in 
 the knapsacks, which should be arranged in a circle, six 
 inches from the curtain pegs, with the great coat and 
 blanket folded on top, the head dress over all. 
 
 The rifles should stand in the arms' racks or hoops, 
 locks outward, the muzzle stoppers in at all times. 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 47 
 
 wrapped 
 3e bound 
 ! extreme 
 sitting 
 .nkets oi 
 
 ten on a 
 Form 4.) 
 
 in their 
 wsers. a 
 
 and the 
 sed of as 
 
 iced out- 
 ont, the 
 e top of 
 tunic to 
 cap over 
 
 rs ready 
 3 dr>-. 
 nder the 
 
 )laced in 
 
 ves, over 
 but with 
 Y or hel- 
 r without 
 rt to the 
 ilaced in 
 ircle, six 
 :oat and 
 
 r hoops, 
 
 Every man (when there are racks for arms) should have 
 his rifle in one particular place, on which his name should 
 be put ; the arms should never be taken from the rack 
 except when the men are using or cleaning them ; when 
 there are no racks the rifles are to be slung on a peg 
 at each man's berth, or in camp round the tent pole 
 confined at the muzzles in a hoop. 
 
 ORDERS. 
 
 Regimental orders, when issued by the Commanding 
 Officer of a Regiment, should be promulgated on the 
 evening of the day before that to which they refer. The 
 Adjutant prepares the orders under the direction of the 
 Commanding Officer; and will sign them "by order" 
 before tlieir issue. 
 
 The orders should contain — first, detail of duties 
 called for by superior authority ; second, of Officers or 
 Non-commissioned Officers, for regimental duties, then 
 parades, or anything that has to be generally notified ; and 
 last of all, appoinments and promotions. 
 
 Any general, divisional, or brigade orders should be 
 republished, with t'l- egimental orders, for the informa- 
 tion of all concerned. 
 
 At the hour named for issue, the Sergeant Major 
 should cause " Orders " to be sounded, when the Orderly 
 Sergeants of Companies attend with their companies' 
 order books, in which they write the orders from the 
 Sergeant Major's dictation. 
 
 All orders, general as well as regimental, should be read 
 at evening roll call by the Orderly Sergeant, also by 
 an Ofl&cer of each Company on the first parade after 
 they are issued ; the Orderly Sergeant being responsible 
 that every man upon duty or otherwise absent, is niad^ 
 acquainted with them as soon as circumstances ^dmit. 
 
 Any order concerning Officers only, or such ai it might 
 
 
48 
 
 CANADIA ilLITIA MANUAL. 
 
 
 ?i 
 
 
 'I ill 
 
 be inexpedient to publish to Non-commissioned Officers 
 and men, should be sent round by the Adjutant to the 
 different Officers to be initialed and returned. 
 
 LETTERS. 
 
 Under regulations of the Post Office Department letters 
 for or from Non-commissioned Officers and men of the 
 Active Militia, when on active service, can be forwarded 
 between Post Offices in Canada on prepayment of two 
 cents for each letter un half an ounce in weight. Such 
 letters must refer solc._, . private affairs, certified to by 
 the Commanding Officer, and in accordance with Forms. 
 
 CRYING DOWN CREDIT. 
 
 The Commanding Officer of a corps should, upon 
 coming to any place where it is to remain in quarters, 
 cause public proclamation to be made, that if the land- 
 lords or other inhabitants suffer the soldiers to contract 
 debts, such debts will not be discharged. 
 
 The usual mode of crying down credit is by means of 
 two Sergeants, accompanied by a drummer and fifer or 
 bugler, who halt in conspicuous places, and proclaim the 
 following : — 
 
 " This is to give notice that the Officer commanding the 
 
 Regiment does not hold himself responsible for any 
 
 debts contracted by the Non-commissioned Officers or 
 men of the Regiment under his command. God save the 
 Queen." 
 
 THE HOSPITAL AND SICK REGULATIONS. 
 
 The Hospital is in every respect under the entire direc- 
 tion of the Medical Officers, who issue such orders as may 
 be necessary for its government. 
 
 When a man reports himself sick, the Orderly Sergeant 
 of the Company should acquaint the Colour Sergeant, 
 who should inspect the man's kit, and furnish the Orderly 
 
 If! 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 49 
 
 Corporal with a list of the necessaries, &c., in the man's 
 possession, which, in the event of his being admitted into 
 Hospital, should be handed over to the Hospital Sergeant, 
 who is responsible for the safety of every article therein 
 specified. 
 
 The Regimental Orderly Corporal or Non-commissioned 
 Officer detailed for duty should receive a Company Sick 
 Report from the Orderly Sergeants of Companies (Form 6). 
 which he delivers to the Surgeon. In the column headed 
 " Surgeon's Remarks," should the Surgeon insert the 
 word "duty " only, it will be understood that the man is 
 immediately available for any duty that may be required 
 of him, but is to be confined to barracks for the day. Should 
 "duty to-morrow" or "attend" be inserted, he is not 
 available for duty on that day, but should be confined to 
 Barracks. Should the Surgeon insert the remark "Medi- 
 cine to do duty," the man should not be allowed to enter 
 the Canteen during the day. 
 
 The utmost neatness should be observed throughout 
 the Hospital ; all Non-commissioned Officers, when in 
 Hospital, and not prevented by extreme illness, should be 
 held responsible for the maintenance of discipline in their 
 respective wards. 
 
 The Hospital Sergeant should cause all men, under 
 medical treatment, to be made aware of the regulations to 
 which they become subject when in Hospital, and he 
 should visit the wards frequently during the day, to see 
 that these regulations are in no respect infringed, and that 
 all the directions given by the Surgeon are duly complied 
 with. 
 
 The Hospital Sergeant, under the directions of the 
 Surgeon, should be responsible for the property of such 
 men as are in Hospital ; the moment a man is admitted 
 he should take an account of his necessaries, clothing, &c. ; 
 
 4 
 
I V .*: 
 
 I 
 
 'I 
 
 .^^v 
 
 lUc 
 
 c 
 
 \o 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANU\L. 
 
 V 
 
 if he has money, he will also take possession of it, return- 
 ing it when the man is discharged from Hospital. 
 
 Gaming of every description should be strictly pro- 
 hibited. 
 
 Any patient who is guilty of disorderly conduct, swearing, 
 insolence to the attendants, or any other impropriety, 
 should be most severely punished. 
 
 Should the patients have any complaints to make of 
 their treatment, accommodation, &c., they should state 
 them to the Captain or Subaltern of the day, when those 
 Officers visit the Hospital. 
 
 The patients who are not confined to their beds should 
 be attentive to the cleanliness of their persons ; any 
 reported for irregularity in this respect by the Orderly 
 Officers should be punished. 
 
 No soldier, or soldier's wife, should be permitted to 
 have any communication with a man in hospital, except 
 by the special permission of the Surgeon, and in presence 
 of the Hospital Sergeant. 
 
 Convalescents, on coming out of the Hospital, should 
 not be put on duty till the Surgeon certifies to the Adjutant 
 that they are perfectly recovered ; for which purpose the 
 Surgeon, or Assistant Surgeon, should daily make a 
 particular inspection of these men at morning parade, to 
 prevent any of them remaining exempted from duty 
 longer than absolutely necessary-. On a march, when 
 circumstances will permit, the packs of such convalescents 
 as have not yet received certificates of being fit for duty 
 should be carried for them, 
 
 The Surgeon should send a return (Form 7) of the 
 sick to the orderly room every morning for the Command- 
 ing Officer's information, and a nominal list (Form 7) 
 of sick is likewise to be transmitted to the orderly room 
 ^very Saturday morning. He should also keep an admis- 
 
 .^n and discharge book (See Part V, Sec. i). 
 
 at' 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 51 
 
 
 The Surgeon, or his Assistant, should make a minute 
 inspection of the whole of the Non-commissioned Officers 
 and men of the Regiment once a week, on such day and 
 at such hour as may be appointed by the Commanding 
 Officer, for the purpose of ascertaining whether any latent 
 disease exists ; if so, he should personally report to the 
 Commanding Officer. On these occ. jions the parade 
 should be in bare feet, trousers turned up to the knee, 
 jackets and stocks off. 
 
 The Surgeon should frequently visit the barracks and 
 messes of the men. He should report as soon as possible 
 to the Commanding Officer any accident, or circumstance, 
 which may occur connected with his department, and 
 whatever appears to him as bein^ either detrimental to 
 the general health of the men, or likely to be beneficial to 
 it. He should examine the black holes, and other places 
 of confinement, to see that they are kept in a healthy 
 state for prisoners. 
 
 All prisoners should be medically inspected by 9:30 
 a.m. When a prisoner under sentence of, or awaiting a 
 Court Martial, is admitted into or discharged from 
 Hospital, the word " Prisoner " should be inserted oppo- 
 site his name. 
 
 A guard should be constantly furnished to the Hospital, 
 and the Surgeon should signify to the Commanding Officer 
 the particular orders which he wishes to be given. 
 
 DIVINE SERVICE. 
 
 The strictest attention should be given by all ranks to 
 the attendance at Divine Service on Sundays, and the 
 greatest respect paid during the performance of this im- 
 portant duty, r.s nothing furnishes so sure a protection 
 against the allurements of the world, and diffuses so 
 healthful a sentiment, as a serious observance of the 
 Sabbath day. 
 
'I 
 
 'Ml 
 
 -■. 1 1 i 
 
 52 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Commanding Officers should afford every facility for 
 the wives and families of the men to attend public worship, 
 and induce them by every means in their power to attend 
 regularly. 
 
 All Officers should attend Church Parade, those only 
 excepted w^ho have the special leave of the Commanding 
 Officer. 
 
 On entering any Church or Chapel all should be rever- 
 ential and orderly in their behaviour, the Officers com- 
 manding companies which first go in being responsible 
 that their men proceed at once to the places allotted them 
 with regularity and without noise. Each company should 
 be seated as nearly together as possible, with their Non- 
 commissioned Officers amongst them, to check and report 
 any irregularity. 
 
 After Divine Service no one should move out of his 
 place, touch his belt or headdress, or make the slightest 
 noise, until the Commanding Officer rises, nor attempt to 
 put on his heaJdress until he gets out of the first door of 
 the Church. 
 
 Soldiers of the Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, or Metho- 
 dist persuasion should be regularly marched to and from 
 their own places of public worship under the command of 
 an Officer if their number exceed twenty, and in charge of 
 a Sergeant if not exceeding that number ; and the Officer 
 or Sergeant should remain with them during the service. 
 
 If there is no officer of the Roman Catholic or Presby- 
 terian or other denomination to march parties of those 
 persuasions to church, an Officer should be detailed for 
 
 the purpose. 
 
 In cases where there is no clergyman, the senior Officer, 
 whether on shore or at sea, should read prayers to the 
 
 men. ^ 
 
 Church parade should invariably be considered a 
 
 'ill 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION, 
 
 ■ ■:! 
 
 " general parade." Staff-sergeants and all regimentally 
 employed men should be present. 
 
 officers' mess. 
 
 Every Officer should be a member of the Mess, and to 
 direct that establishment a committee should be selected, 
 consisting of three Officers, the President being a Field 
 Officer or Captain. 
 
 The Committee should arrange such a system of 
 economical messing as will enable every Officer to belong 
 to the Mess without inconvenience, extravagant or un- 
 necessary entertainments being at all times discouraged 
 by the Commanding Officer, 
 
 Although Officers meet at Mess on a footing of social 
 equality, it nevertheless ought to be distinctly understood 
 that Mess is a parade, and that Officers attending thereat 
 are under the same military discipline, and as much 
 under the orders of their senior Officers as though they 
 were on a parade under arms. 
 
 The senior combatant Officer present is always in 
 charge ; being responsible for all that takes place at table, 
 and in the ante-room, both before and after dinner, and 
 should any individual persist in disobeying orders, he 
 should at once order the person so offending into arrest. 
 
 Two Officers should be detailed weekly to act as Presi- 
 dent and Vice-president. Medical Officers are not, owing 
 to the calls which may be made on them, available for 
 this duty. 
 
 The President should be responsible for the corre t 
 carrying out of every detail connected with service of the 
 table ; and has power to order any Officer, irrespective of 
 rank, to desist from doing anything contrary to rule. 
 
 He should, if necessary, report on the ensuing day any 
 Officer violating rules. 
 
 The Vice-president should in every way assist the 
 
11. 
 
 ill 
 
 r 
 
 1 ; .. 
 
 54 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 President in the execution of his duty, and will sit at that 
 end of the table which is nearest the point of entrance for 
 servants, etc. 
 
 All servants attending Mess should be under the 
 immediate orders of the President and Vice-president. 
 
 Should any improper occurrence take place at the table, 
 unobserved by the senior Officer, the President, or Vice- 
 president through the President, should at once bring it 
 to that Officer's notice. 
 
 When the band play at Mess, it should not begin before 
 the joints are placed on the table. 
 
 No letters should be opened, or notes written, at table, 
 without the leave of the senior Officer present, the Presi- 
 dent, or Vice-President. 
 
 After dinner smoking at table may be permitted with 
 the consent of the senior Officer present, but this should 
 never occur until the wine has been round at least twice. 
 
 No spirits should be placed on the table during dinner, 
 and only after dinner when there is no ante-room. 
 
 The practice of Officers taking wine with one another 
 has become obsolete at Mess. 
 
 No Officer (unless on the Mess committee) should on 
 any account enter the Mess-room before dinner is an- 
 nounced. 
 
 No smoking should be permitted in the ante-room for a 
 space of one hour before dinner. 
 
 On the first bugle sounding (half-an-hour before dinner) 
 any Officers who may happen to be in the ante-room in 
 plain clothes should at once leave. 
 
 After the sounding of the first bugle, or after dinner, no 
 Officer in plain clothes should on any pretext whatsoever 
 enter the ante-room without special leave from the senior 
 Officer present. 
 
 No Officer entering the ante-room before dinner {i.e.^ 
 
 ■}if. 
 
 L 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 OD 
 
 after the sounding of the first bugle), and after dinner, 
 should wear his head-dress. 
 
 Both on entering and on leaving the ante-room for the 
 night all Officers bow to the senior Officer. 
 
 On dinner being announced, the Officers enter the Mess- 
 room without regard to precedence, except that the senior 
 combatant Officer enters first. 
 
 Except as above specified, no places are reserved for 
 any Officers at the table, neither do they sit according to 
 rank. 
 
 The senior Officer present should sit at the centre of 
 the table, right-hand side, the second senior Officer 
 generally sitting opposite to him. On a guest night {i.e., 
 on a night when guests are entertained at the Mess), the 
 senior guest usually sits at the right hand of the senior 
 Officer, this place being considered the seat of honour. 
 
 When, at the conclusion of the dinner, the table shall 
 have been cleared and the wine placed before the President, 
 the Vice-president (and before the senior officer and the 
 officer sitting opposite to him, if the table be long), on a 
 signal from the President, the wine should be passed 
 from right to left until each set of decanters reach thv? 
 next point from which the other set started. 
 
 As soon as the wine, as above detailed, shall have made 
 the tour of the table, the President should say " Mr. Vice, 
 the Queen !" when, and not before, Officers should take 
 their wine, but not standing, unless on special or extra- 
 ordinary occasions, saying aloud " The Queen." 
 
 As Her Majesty's Health is proposed, the Mess-butler 
 should give a signal for the band to play a few bars of 
 " God save the Queen." 
 
 It is in no way obligatory for Officers to take wine after 
 dinner when Her Majesty's health is proposed. The wine 
 will be passed round the table as often as the President 
 sees fit ; time for passing the decanters to be taken by the 
 
'!' . I i 
 PI '< i 
 
 i ' 
 
 'il- 
 
 56 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 senior Officer, the Officer opposite to him, and the Vice- 
 president from him. 
 
 No Officer should be at liberty to leave the table before 
 the wine has been thus passed round twice without asking 
 leave from the President. 
 
 When the Officer commanding the forces dines at a 
 Mess, all Officers should rise when he leaves the table 
 after dinner, but it is in no way necessary for them to 
 follow him therefrom. The Vice-president should not leave 
 his place before the President does so. 
 
 It is not customary for any Officer during dinner to 
 change or leave his place, on any pretence whatever, 
 without first obtaining leave to do so from the President. 
 
 One Sergeant, three rank and file, with an occasional 
 assistant, (when applied for by the President of the Com- 
 mittee,) may be allowed to be taken off the duty roster, 
 for the purpose of attending the Officer's mess, and every 
 other facility should be given by the Commanding Officer 
 to support the respectability of an establishment, in which 
 the general comfort of the Officers, is so materially con- 
 cerned. 
 
 sergeants' mess. 
 
 Whenever possible a Sergeants' Mess should be form- 
 ed under the regulations below named. 
 
 The Sergeant-major should be held responsible for the 
 general regularity and respectability of the Mess ; if not a 
 bachelor, he should frequently visit the Mess ; any irreg- 
 ularity he may observe he should at once report to the 
 Adjutant for the Commanding Officer's information. 
 
 A Committee consisting of one Staff or Colour, and two 
 stripe Sergeants, should be appointed quarterly, who 
 should be responsible for all funds and general manage- 
 ment of the Mess, and should produce, for the inspection 
 of the Commanding Officer, each month, the Mess accounts, 
 
 .1 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 57 
 
 Vice- 
 
 )efore 
 
 at a 
 table 
 |em to 
 leave 
 
 I 
 
 closed up to end of previous month. The Caterer, who 
 should be a Sergeant, should produce his Messing accounts 
 on every Monday morning, with the vouchers for receipts 
 and disbursements. 
 
 The rate of subscription on promotion or appointment, 
 as also monthly subscriptions, should be fixed from time 
 to time by the Commanding Officer. 
 
 A statement of accounts signed by the President, should 
 be submitted to the Quarterly Mess Meeting for audit and 
 approval, and be subsequently laid before the Commanding 
 Officer. 
 
 All Stores, Liquors, &c., purchased for the Mess should 
 be approved by the Committee, and paid for on purchase ; 
 the President should receive all subscriptions and mess- 
 ing bills weekly ; and with his monthly accounts produce 
 vouchers for all payments ; he should pay over to the 
 Crterer the messing money required for the ensuing 
 week. 
 
 All liquors should be paid for to the Caterer, when sup- 
 plied; he should hand over the amount received, daily, to 
 the President of the Committee. 
 
 The Messing bills should be paid weekly ; any neglect 
 of this order should be at once reported to the Adjutant 
 for the Commanding Officer's information. 
 
 The Sergeants' Mess should be closed one hour after 
 tattoo, and the key of the Mess-room and liquor store 
 handed over by the Caierer to the Sergeant-major. 
 
 The Sergeants of the regiment should be most particular 
 as to what civilians they introduce to their Mess. 
 
 CANTEENS. 
 
 Canteens, where established in quarters, are for the 
 exclusive use and accommodation of the troops, and 
 for the ready supply to the soldiers of such liquors or 
 other provisions as could not be easily procured otherwise, 
 
58 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 ^ 
 
 and for which it would not be consistent with discipline 
 or the obHgaticns of duty, that soldiers should at all times 
 and indiscriminately be permitted to resort to the markets 
 or to shops more or less remote from their quarters. 
 
 The Regimental Canteen should be managed by a 
 standing Committee of three Officers, of whom the Presi- 
 dent shall not be under the rank of Captain, who should 
 be selected by and be under thedirection and control of the 
 Commanding Officer. Quarter-Masters should not be 
 appointed members of the Committee. 
 
 A subordinate Committee of three Non-commissioned 
 Officers may be appointed by the Commanding Officer, to 
 act under the superintendence of the first-named Committee 
 for the more immediate internal management of the Can- 
 teen, but this Committee should have no concern in any 
 money payments or contracts. 
 
 The selection of a Non-commissioned Officer for the 
 appointment of permanent Canteen-sergeant, for which 
 any Staff or other Sergeant is eligible, rests with the 
 Commanding Officers of the corps. He should be under the 
 orders of the Committee of Officers. His position should 
 be that of steward or salesman, not of contractor, and he 
 should not be permitted to have any interest whatever in 
 the profits of the Canteen. 
 
 The proceeds of the sale of articles should be handed 
 over daily by the Canteen-sergeant to the Committee of 
 Officers, which amount should be lodged in the hands of 
 the Regimental Paymaster, or be otherwii^e placed in 
 security, as the Committee, with the concurrence of the 
 Commanding Officer, may arrange. 
 
 The Canteen-sergeant should keep regular hours in the 
 opening and closing of the Canteen, and obey all orders 
 and regulations which the Commanding Officer may from 
 time to time think proper to issue, in respect to the open- 
 ing or closing of the same. 
 
 )J! 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 59 
 
 by a 
 
 Presi- 
 
 shoukl 
 
 3lofthe 
 
 not be 
 
 ssioned 
 icer, to 
 imittee 
 le Can- 
 in any 
 
 or the 
 which 
 th the 
 Jer the 
 should 
 md he 
 ver in 
 
 anded 
 tee of 
 ids of 
 ed in 
 )f the 
 
 in the 
 rders 
 from 
 3pen- 
 
 The Canteen-sergeant should sell only such articles as 
 are approved by the Officer inspecting the Canteen, the 
 Commanding Officer, or his representative, and the articles 
 should be of such quality, and be sold at such prices as 
 shall be approved by the officer aforesaid. 
 
 Schedules of the articles sold, and of their prices should 
 be affixed in conspicuous places in and about the Canteen ; 
 these schedules should be revised from time to time by one 
 of the Committee; and visits should also be made periodi- 
 cally to the Canteen, to see that the schedules are such as 
 have been approved, and that the articles sold are of good 
 quality. 
 
 The Canteen-sergeant should at all times prevent, as far 
 as lies in his power, rioting or disorderly behaviour in the 
 Canteen; and not sufier any gaming, cards, or gaming 
 tables to be introduced ; and further, he should not give 
 credit or trust to, or receive any pledges or pawns from, 
 any Non-commissioned Officer or man. 
 
 No civilians or others should be permitted to frequent, 
 or in any way make use of the Canteen, without the 
 knowledge, permission or sanction of the Commanding 
 Officer. 
 
 In the event of any complaint being preferred against 
 the Canteen-sergeant, which upon investigation, should 
 prove to be well founded, he is liable to removal from his 
 appointment. He should then revert to the rank of Ser- 
 geant, or take that of his successor, at the discretion of the 
 Commanding Officer. 
 
 Soldiers should not be compelled to purchase from 
 Canteens, but be allowed to buy goods from private trades- 
 men if they prefer doing so. 
 
 Should it be necessary that licences be taken out by 
 the Canteen-sergeants ; the cost of such should be charged 
 against the Canteen fund. 
 
6o 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 I i 
 
 CHOICE OF QUARTERS. 
 
 It being an acknowledged principle of the military ser- 
 vice that seniority of rank gives priority of selection of 
 quarters, an Officer put in possession of quarters by proper 
 authority should not be dispossessed by an Officer of 
 corresponding rank, viz. ; 
 
 A Commanding Officer of a Regiment by a Command- 
 ing Officer. 
 
 A Field Officer by a Field Offxcer. 
 
 A Captain by a Captain, or 
 
 A Subaltern by a Subaltern. 
 But in all cases a Captain may claim a priority of choice 
 over a Subaltern, notwithstanding such Subaltern shall 
 have been in previous possession of the better quarters. 
 
 Officers should be quartered as near as possible to the 
 men, and in as large a proportion as circumstances will 
 admit. 
 
 No Officer should under any circumstances be permitted 
 to establish a right to a military quarter he does not 
 occupy, nor should he at any time transfer his quarters, 
 or any part thereof, to any other Officer, except with the 
 special permission of the Commanding Officer. 
 
 When Officers are detached on duty, or when they re- 
 ceive leave of absence for a period not exceeding one 
 month, they are to retain their rooms in barracks; but, 
 when the Officer shall be absent from his barrack rooms, 
 on duty or otherwise, for any period extending beyond 
 that time, the rooms should be given over to the charge 
 of the Barrack Master. 
 
 LEAVE OF ABSENCE. 
 
 The Adjutant being responsible for the correct keeping 
 of the duty roster and all orderly-room returns, it is im- 
 perative that he should be acquainted with an Officer's 
 obtaining leave even from parade. 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 6r 
 
 ;ary ser- 
 ction of 
 y proper 
 fficer of 
 
 mmand- 
 
 f choice 
 ■n shall 
 irters. 
 2 to the 
 :es will 
 
 jrmitted 
 oes not 
 uarters, 
 nth the 
 
 hey re- 
 ng one 
 s; but, 
 rooms, 
 beyond 
 charge 
 
 eeping 
 
 is im- 
 
 fficer's 
 
 All applications for leave of absence, or leave from 
 parades from the Subalterns, should be made (in writing) 
 to their respective Captains, who forward the same to the 
 Adjutant, for the Commanding Officer's approval, writing 
 "recommended," (if not, stating the reason); and they 
 await the reply to their applications before absenting 
 themselves. 
 
 Officers above the rank of Subalterns, wishing for leave 
 of absence, should apply in writing to the Commanding 
 Officer, (through the Adjutant) on the day previous to 
 their requiring it. In cases of emergency, only, personal 
 application may be made to the Commanding Officer. 
 
 Applications for a prolongation of leave should be 
 made in a similar manner. 
 
 In all applications for leave, the reasons for which 
 solicited, whether a member of a General or a District 
 Court Martial, their address while absent, and the name 
 of the Officer taking their duties when absent should be 
 stated. 
 
 Officers going on leave of absence should settle every 
 regimental account previous to their departure. 
 
 So long as Officers remain in barracks, they should 
 attend all parades and perform all duties, notwithstanding 
 their leave of absence may have commenced. 
 
 Officers who receive leave of absence should be present 
 with the Regiment on the day on which their leave ter- 
 minates. They should report themselves personally on 
 their arrival to the Commanding Officer, and give notice 
 in person or in writing to the Adjutant. 
 
 They should also make themselves acquainted with all 
 orders issued during their absence. 
 
 Officers on temporary leave should make 
 
 good 
 
 missed during their absence. It is only when on general 
 leave they are exempt from this. 
 
62 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 PASSES AND FURLOUGHS. 
 
 No sDlfiier should be recommended for these indulg- 
 ences unless he has been clear of a Court Martial six 
 months; the Regimental Defaulters' Book, three months; 
 the Company, two months ; punishment by Captain, one 
 month ; and care should be taken that men are not allowed 
 to make a habit of applying for passes too frequently. 
 
 Men obtaining a pass should have it recommended by 
 the Officer Commanding the Company. The passes of 
 men employed should be recommended by their respective 
 superiors. Bandsmen and Buglers by the Adjutant ; 
 Servants' passes by their masters ; and those of Mess 
 servants by the President, as well as by the Officer com- 
 manding the Company to which they belong, previous to 
 obtaining the signature of the Commanding Officer. 
 
 Not more than five passes, not including Non-com- 
 missioned Officers, should be sent in from any one 
 company at a time, and except for very particular reasons, 
 which must be explained personally to the Commanding 
 Officer), they should no be om mended for a longer 
 period than twe^^"" "-ock the same night. 
 
 All Passes (F j) should b mi printed forms, which 
 should be kept in the C vour Sergeant's possession and 
 filled in by him, from tine to time, as required. Should 
 the Commanding Officer or Captain refuse ^o grant a pass, 
 it is to be destroyed and not given to the soldier. 
 
 Soldiers, on returning to quarters, should leave their 
 passes with the Sergeant of the Guard, who should enter 
 on the face of them, whether drunk oi sober, and the 
 hour received. 
 
 Passes should be sent to the Orderly Room with the 
 Guard reports daily. 
 
 All passes for a later hour than tattoo should be signed 
 by the Commanding Officer. 
 
KiiGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 63 
 
 Leave from tea roll-call may be granted by Ofticers 
 Cjmmanding Companies to ten per cent, of the strength 
 of their Companies, except on Sundays, when double 
 that number of leaves may be granted. 
 
 A list of men to whom this indulgence has been granted, 
 signed by the Officer Commanding the Company, should 
 be given in with the evening parade state. 
 
 Any soldier who commits himself when on pass, should 
 forfeit the like indulgence for double the above qualifying 
 periods. 
 
 Soldiers with passes granted for forty-eight hours and 
 upwards, should be treated in the same manner as men 
 proceeding on furlough. 
 
 Men absent on furlough or pass, for less than fifteen 
 days, should make up their duties. 
 
 In case of a man being prevented from rejoining his 
 Regiment before the expiration of his pass or furlough, 
 through unavoidable delay of trains or steamboats, he 
 should bring with him a written statement from the 
 Station-Master, or Captain of the boat, of the cause of the 
 delay, or be punished as an absentee. 
 
 Before any man can obtain a furlough he should be dis- 
 missed his drills, his kit should be complete, and he should 
 be out of debt. 
 
 Soldiers should be allowed to take their great coats on 
 furlough, which should be inspected before going, and on 
 returning, by the Officer Commanding the Company, but 
 should not be permitted to take their arms or accoutre- 
 ments. 
 
 In the event of a soldier continuing absent on account 
 of sickness beyond three months, the Commanding Officer 
 should require a special medical report on the case, 
 
 SERVANTS. 
 
 Every Regimental Officer should be allowed to have one 
 
64 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 I 
 
 soldier to attend him, and Field Officers, the Surgeon, and 
 Adjutant permitted to have two. 
 
 All servants (those of Field and Staff Officers excepted) 
 should be men of th>. same Company as the Officer whom 
 they attend. Th^v should be of established good character, 
 perfect in drill, and have acquired a complete knowledge 
 of the duties of a soldier. 
 
 No man should be taken as a servant without the 
 sanction of the Commanding Officer ; application in the 
 first instance having been made to the Officer commanding 
 the company to which he belongs. Soldiers who are 
 likely to make eligible Non-commissioned Officers should 
 not be taken. 
 
 Whenever an Officer dismisses his servant, he should 
 inform the Adjutant in writing with his reason for so 
 doing, for the Commanding Officer's information. 
 
 A Register should be kept in the Orderly Room of all 
 men who have been dismissed for misconduct, to prevent 
 their being employed as servants afterwards. 
 
 When a servant is once turned away from his master- 
 on account of misconduct, he should not be employed 
 again, unless he has conducted himself, for a period of 
 not less than six months after his return to duty, to the 
 entire safsfaction of the Officer in command of the com- 
 pany to which he belongs. 
 
 Every Officer should supply his servant with a suit of 
 Regimental Mess livery. 
 
 No soldier should ever be permitted to work in any pa^t 
 of his regimental clothing, neither should he ever appear 
 partly dressed in uniform and partly in livery. 
 
 Officers' servants should answer their names at tattoo. 
 Officers having occasion to send their servants out of 
 Barracks after tattoo, should always furnish them with a 
 pass. Unmarried servants should sleep in the barrack 
 rooms and mess with their companies, and all servants 
 
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 65 
 
 should return to their duty when their masters are on 
 leave of absence for more than three days. 
 
 All servants, vrith the exception of mounted Officers, 
 batmen, should attend all general parades ; they should 
 mount guard with the Officer they attend, and perform 
 their share of duty ; there should be special drill for them 
 at least one day in the week. 
 
 If an Officer is ill, his servant should be excused from 
 all parades as long as he is on the sick list. 
 
 No general pass should be given to an Officer's servant 
 unless it be signed by the Commanding Officer. 
 
 Officers' servants should keep their arms, appointments, 
 and clothing in good order, and be ready to turn out, 
 like other soldiers, at any moment. 
 
 SECTION V. 
 Drills and Parades. 
 
 Drill is the discipline ot the body, but tends also 
 materially to discipline the mind, and as the discipline of 
 the mind is a hundred fold more important to the effici- 
 ency of the soldier, the constant practice of drill, in which 
 all ranks have to render instantaneous and silent obedience 
 to the commands of their superiors, is absolutely necessary. 
 
 The efficiency of a Regiment is estimated in a great 
 degree from the manner in which it drills ; if there is 
 talking in the ranks it is a sure sign that its discipline is of 
 a low order. Complete silence when on parade or at 
 drill is a matter to be particularly attended to ; no matter 
 what, in the soldier's opinion, may be going w-rong, he 
 must keep the opinion to himself; if he expresses it some 
 one is sure to answer, talking becomes general and disorder 
 is thus created, that, under fire would certainly lead to 
 disaster. In all moments of confusion remember that the 
 
66 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 first step towards the re-establishment of order is the 
 hushing of all voices. 
 
 When the weather permits, a Regiment should be 
 practised in manoeuvres by the senior Officer present on 
 parade, but no deviation from the established regulations 
 should be permitted. 
 
 The Captains of the Regiment should be frequently 
 called on for this duty, and the junior Subalterns to 
 command companies. 
 
 Drill instruction should be under the charge of the 
 Adjutant and Sergeant Major, to assist whom instructors 
 may be appointed, who should do no other duty, when 
 they can be conveniently spared from it. 
 
 In order to prevent the thoroughly drilled soldier being 
 unnecessarily harassed, a Regiment should be divided into 
 classes. All applications for advancement from one class 
 to another, should be made by the Officer commanding 
 the Company, through the Adjutant to the Commanding 
 Officer. c 
 
 The greatest exactness should be required from first- 
 class men : any unsteadiness or awkwardness in the ranks, 
 on sentry, or walking in the street, should subject them 
 to removal to a lower class. 
 
 When a soldier is awkw ard at any exercise or parade 
 he should beorderedto " Instruction Drill," which should 
 not be held in the light of a punishment, but only as a 
 matter of instruction ; he should not, however, on that 
 account, be exempt from guards or other duties. 
 
 All men returning to their duty from prison, hospital, 
 or furlough, should attend instruction drill until qualified 
 to act in the ranks. 
 
 Servants, tailors, shoemakers, etc., should attend one 
 drill, by themselves, once a week. 
 
 Companies in succession should be kept off duty daily 
 for exercise by the Adjutant and Sergeant Major. At 
 
DRILLS AXD PARADES. 
 
 67 
 
 thes-e Drills, the greatest attention should be paid to the 
 setting up of the men, their exact carriage, and squareness 
 of position, with and without arms. The Companies 
 on these occasions, should be practised also in saluting — 
 in their duties as sentinels by day and night — in receiving 
 rounds or patrol, extended order, etc. 
 
 When circumstances permit, the Non-commissioned 
 Officers should be practised by the Adjutant in the duties 
 of Markers, Commanders of guards, and reliefs, etc. 
 
 When the weather does not allow of the Non-commis- 
 sioned Officers being exercised outside, they should be 
 assembled at the Orderly Room for the purpose of being 
 questioned by the Adjutant on different subjects con- 
 nected with drill and interior economy, and the duties 
 they have to perform on guard, picquet, &c. 
 
 Officers and Non-commissioned Officers should take 
 care, under all circumstances of parade, that the same 
 exactness which is insisted on in the drill squad, as to 
 position, smartness, silence and steadiness, is ever to be 
 maintained. They should bear in mind that, if the soldier 
 is permittted to indulge under their eye, an idle and 
 slovenly habit in the ranks, the best exertions of the Drill 
 Sergeants will never accomplish the end required; and 
 the instruction of the men will never have ai\y termina- 
 tion; for, even with the oldest soldier, his labour must, in 
 some cases, be resumed, and rendered almost perpetual. 
 
 No Non-commissioned officer or soldier should be 
 allowed out of barracks before the parade is dismissed, 
 or on days when there is no parade, before 11 a, m., except 
 on duty. 
 
 FORMING PARADES. 
 
 Drill parades should be formed as follows: five 
 minutes to the hour named for the parade, the "Non- 
 commissioned Officers' call " should be sounded for the 
 
Torar 
 
 68 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Staff parade, which all Sergeants, Corporals, Band , Buglers, 
 and Drummers attend. 
 
 The parade should be formed in column of companies, 
 the Band and Buglers being in front, in a manner similar 
 to that described below; and after the rolls are called, 
 should be wheeled into line by the Sergeant-Major, the 
 ranks opened and inspected by the Adjutant or Orderly 
 Officer and dismissed. 
 
 The Buglers, who, immediately after the Staff parade, 
 should fall in at twenty paces from the centre of the 
 directing dank of the parade ground, facing the column, 
 will then sound for "Orderly Sergeants." 
 
 The Orderly Sergeants should fall in on the directing 
 flank at the "Advance" or "Shoulder,'' under the charge 
 of the Sergeant-Major, who, after dressing them, gives the 
 command, "Take up — distance from No. i," "Outwards 
 Turn," "Quick march." The Sergeants turn outward and 
 move off to their respective distances, and take up their 
 dressing with arms at "the recover." When dressed, the 
 Sergeant-Major gives the command, " Steady," when they 
 "shoulder" or "advance." Buglers should then sound 
 * Fall in," when the men smartly and quietly move on to 
 the parade ground with shouldered arms, and fall in at 
 ♦• the order," one pace in rear of and on the right of their 
 Orderly Sergeants. The Band should fall in at lo paces 
 from the reverse flank of the leading Company, in line 
 with it, and, if the parade be formed in the open air, they 
 should play during the formation. 
 
 The Sergeant-Major gives the command, "Parade, by the 
 Lefl, Dress up," when the Orderly Sergeants turn to the 
 r;^ht, dress their Companies, and give the command, 
 •■ Eyes front." 
 
 The Companies being dressed, the Sergeant-Major 
 gives the command, "Call your rolls," when the Orderly 
 
 P 
 
DRILLS AND PARADES. 
 
 69 
 
 Sergeants move to the front of their Companies and call 
 their rolls, and then open the ranks for inspection. 
 
 The *' Officers' call ' should now sound, and Orderly 
 Sergeants report their Companies present or otherwise to 
 the senior Officer of the Company. The Sergeant-Major 
 hands the parade over to the Adjutant, and Officers inspect 
 their Companies as laid down in the " Rifle Exercises. " 
 
 The Adjutant having received the orders of the Com- 
 manding Officer, as to into how many companies the 
 parade is to be equalized, should communicate them to the 
 Sergeant-Major, and while the inspection of the Companies 
 is going on, the Sergeant-Major will inquire the number 
 of files that each Company stands on parade ; and then, 
 knowing into how many Companies the parade is to be 
 formed, makes his calculation as to the number of files 
 up to which each Company is to be made. 
 
 In the army the Companies under the command of the 
 junior Officers on parade are always broken up. In the 
 Militia Force this point should be left to the discretion of 
 the Officer in command ; but it should generally be the 
 weakest Company, or the weaker ones alternately. 
 
 The Sergeant-major now calls for Orderly Sergeants, 
 who fall in opposite the centre of the reverse flank of the 
 column, and the Sergeant-Major informs them of how 
 many files they are to get, and from what Companies 
 they are to get them. 
 
 The Orderly Sergeants should at once double to those 
 Companies from which they are to obtain the required 
 files. Should an Officer be in charge of a Company from 
 which fil«;s are to be obtained, an Orderly Sergeant should 
 ask permission before taking the files away. 
 
 These files should be marched in double time by the 
 reverse flank of the column, to the reverse flank of the 
 Companies into which they are to be placed. Officers 
 whose Companies are broken up place themselves on the 
 
70 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 reverse flank of the column, and the Adjutant should 
 inf(^rm them of the Companies they are to join, Ser- 
 geants being posted by the Sergeant-Major. 
 
 An Officer now proceeds to size and prove each Com- 
 pany, which should be done quietly and without worry; 
 if a man cannot drill he should be marked down for 
 instruction afterwards. 
 
 Whilst the Companies are being proved, the Adjutant 
 goes to the head of the column, and calls out the left 
 markers of Companies, who mark with arms at the " re- 
 cover " where the left of their respective Companies will 
 rest " in column by the left;" the marker of the leading 
 Company placing himself wherever he is directed ; the 
 remainder covering on him. 
 
 The Adjutant when they are dressed gives the command, 
 " Steady," the markers coming to the " shoulder." 
 
 The " Advance " should now be sounded, on which the 
 Officers draw their swords, and fall in with the Companies, 
 marching them on to their respective markers, who fall to 
 the rear on the words " Eyes front " from the left guides 
 who should dress their Companies from the left. 
 
 Each Captain should now order his Company to " stand 
 at-ease." 
 
 The Adjutant then reports the parade as ready, the 
 Commanding Officer takes command, and calls the parade 
 to attention, ordering the reports to be collected. The 
 Adjutant gallops down the directing flank of the column, 
 and each Captain should hand him his parade state 
 (Form lo) as he passes. Having passed the directing 
 flank of the rear company, the Adjutant rides up to the 
 Commanding Officer, makes his repoii, ^:v\ places him- 
 self in his proper place in column. If the Adjutant be 
 on foot he should march in quick time, as above described. 
 
 At inspections a field state (Form ii) should be ready 
 
 Ij 
 
■^TFPl 
 
 n 
 
 DRILLS AND PARADES. 
 
 71 
 
 made out, and be handed to the Inspecting Officer 
 immediately after the salute has been given. 
 
 The collection of reports may be dispensed with, in 
 which case the parade states should be sent to the orderly 
 room before the parade is formed. 
 
 The parade state should be signed by the Senior Officer 
 of the Company present on parade, who should never 
 affix his signature to it without having previously made 
 himself acquainted \yith the correctness of the state- 
 ments, and thereby enabling him to answer any question 
 the Commanding Office, may put to him respecting the 
 distribution of his men. On Sundays a church parade 
 state is required (Form 12). 
 
 Officers should consider exactness of time at all parades 
 and posts of assembly as an essential principle of military 
 duty. They should understand that the warning bugle 
 is for them as much as for the men. 
 
 Officeis should not collect in groups or quit their com- 
 panies on parade. It should be the particular duty of 
 the Majors to see that these orders are attended to. 
 
 On all extraordinary occasions the bugle should sound 
 the Regimental call, followed by the " Assemble." This 
 implies the necessity of the utmost haste, when the whole 
 should fall in with arms, by companies, as rapidly as 
 possible ; eight minutes should be enough at any hour, 
 day or night, from the first sounding of the assembly for 
 a Regiment to be formed. 
 
 MUSTER PARADES. 
 
 On the last day of each month, when on permanent 
 service, or at the completion of the annual drill, there 
 should be a muster parade, which all Officers and men, 
 except such as are on guard or sick, must attend and 
 answer to their names. 
 
 The parade should be in fatigue dress, and the roll is 
 
 
 !] 
 
; 
 
 72 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 called by companies by the Paymaster from a special 
 form, to be made out alphabetically by the Colour 
 Sergeants (Form 13). 
 
 The Inspecting or Commanding Officer stands by the 
 Paymaster, and as each Officer or man's name is called, 
 he moves out from his company, answering : " Here, sir, " 
 salutes and passes before him, the companies being 
 re-formed on another part of the parade ground. 
 
 DUTY "ARADES. 
 
 Guards should fall in on the Regimental parade ground 
 for the inspection of the Adjutant previous to marching to 
 their repective posts. They parade in "marching order, " 
 without mess tins which are left with thei. messes for 
 their meals to be sent to them in. The knapsacks being 
 taken oft by the first relief, when going out, and by the 
 remainder when turned in after mounting. They should be 
 worn again when the Guard dismounts. 
 
 The parade should fall in by Guards in column, by 
 the left, under the Sergeant-Major. The Sergeants of the 
 Guards taking up the marking, while the Orderly Ser- 
 geants fall in on the directing fiank of the parade, turning 
 inwards. The waiting men should be formed by them- 
 selves in rear of the column. 
 
 On the command, " Call your rolls," the Sergeants should 
 number their Guards, and the Sergeant-Major, who of 
 course knows the strength of each Guard, then calls in 
 succession thus: " Main Guard," "Hospital Guard," &c., in 
 answer to which the senior Non-commissioned Ofticer of 
 each says, " One Sergeant, two Corporals, one Bugler and 
 fifteen men, present, sir," and so on until all have an- 
 swered. 
 
 The Sergeant-Major then wheels the Guards into line, no 
 points being necessary, opens the ranks and the Adjutant 
 inspects, after which column is formed by him, he delivers 
 

 DRIiJ- AND PARADES. 
 
 73 
 
 the countersign (if there is one) to the Commander, and 
 Officers fall in. 
 
 Should there be no Officer on parade, senior to the 
 Adjutant he will march them off, giving the command, 
 
 Fours, right, to your respective Guards — Quick march. • 
 
 When roads are ver>' dirty. Guards may be marched to 
 their posts as follows: Form the Guard in file in the road, 
 and give the word "ranks — outwards half-turn," or 
 "wheel;"' this forms the Guard into two single ranks, one 
 on each side of the road. If there be two present, a Non- 
 commissioned Officer will lead each rank, which will march 
 down the outer edge of the pavement ; the leading man 
 of the rear rank will be kept opposite the leading man of 
 the front rank. When turning into streets at right angles, 
 one rank has, of course, to move much further round than 
 the other, which must wait for it before moving on. The 
 Commander, in this formation, is in rear. Before arriv- 
 ing at its destination the ranks of the Guards should be 
 closed again on each other. 
 
 The hour for Guards to mount is generally named as 
 from 9 to lo a. m. or 2 p.m. 
 
 The proportion of men to be furnished to each post is 
 three ; thus, for a guard with five posts, fifteen privates 
 would be required. 
 
 The Picquet should parade with the Guard, and be in- 
 spected with it, being dismissed when the latter marches 
 off. 
 
 DISMISSING PARADES. 
 
 Before being dismissed a parade should be formed in 
 " column by the left ' on the same ground upon which it 
 fell in previous to the drill. 
 
 On the Commanding Officer calling " Officers," at the 
 end of a parade, they should all proceed towards him. 
 saluting with their swords as they come up, and then re- 
 turning them. After receiving his instructions, they 
 
74 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 should salute with the hand and leave the parade. The 
 parade, if a Commanding Officer's, should be handed 
 to the Adjutant ; or, if the Adjutant's, to the Sergeant- 
 Major, who should dismiss it as a whole, the men 
 leaving the parade quietly, with arms at the " shoulder " 
 or "advance." When not in barracks or camp, the 
 Officers, on being dismissed, return to their Companies, who 
 should be marched to their armouries in small parties, 
 and there deposit their arms, falling in again to hear the 
 orders read, and then be dismissed ; Officers being careful 
 that no noise is made on leaving the parade. 
 
 Officers, when called out by the Commanding Officer 
 during a parade, should salute with their swords, both on 
 approaching and leaving him, coming to the "carry" in 
 the interval. 
 
 No Regiment, company or party should be either dis- 
 missed or marched off a ground without permission being 
 first asked by the person in command thereof of the 
 senior Officer present, without respect to the branch of the 
 service to which such senior Officer may belong. 
 
 DRAWING SWORDS ON PARADE. 
 
 Swords should not be drawn in a slovenly manner, but 
 according to the instructions laid down in the "Infantry 
 Sword Exercise." 
 
 All Officers, except as below specified, should draw their 
 
 swords on parade, when the " advance" sounds, or on the 
 
 command, " march on your markers," without further 
 orders. 
 
 The senior Officer in command of a parade (except a 
 Guard) does not draw his sword, neither do Medical 
 Officers, Paymasters, Quarter-Masters or Staff Sergeants, 
 except the Sergeant-Major, and he only when the Colours 
 are trooped. 
 
 No Staff-officers, or Officers acting on the divisional 
 
 •! I 
 
or brigade staff, should ever draw their swords on parade ; 
 but Officers actinj^ as brigadiers do, should there be any 
 senior Officer acting as General present. 
 
 When men parade without arms (as when the Royalty, 
 etc., visits a camp, or with side arms only, as on Church 
 parade), no Officer should draw his sword. 
 
 Officers on falling out when the sword is not drawn 
 salute with the hand. 
 
 BANDS ON I'AKADE. 
 
 Each Regiment should have its own tunes for marching 
 past — viz.: — 
 
 (i.) For marching past in column. 
 
 (2.) For marching past in quarter-column. 
 
 {3.) For marching past in double time. 
 
 Xo Regiment, except when ordered to the contrary, 
 should march past to any other tune than its own. 
 
 The airs fixed upon should be published in orders, and 
 strictly adhered to until ( fficially changed. 
 
 Whilst a Regiment is parading in the open air the band 
 should play after the " OfUcers' call" has sounded, and 
 continue to do so — the necessary intervals for rest of 
 course excepted— until the "Advance " sounds. At these 
 times the band uusally moves from the reverse flank and 
 forms a circle at about fifteen paces from the left of the 
 leading Company of the column. 
 
 When the Adjutant collects the reports, the band plays 
 a " galop " if he be mounted, and a " quickstep " if he be 
 on foot, from the time he starts until he reports to the 
 Commanding Officer. 
 
 On a signal being given, the band should then and there 
 instantly cease playing, no matter at what part ot a. bar, 
 or musical period. 
 
 When marching out, the Drum-major should be atten- 
 tive to keep the band at the proper distance from the 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
76 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 head of the column (twelve paces), and to accom- 
 modate the length of pace to that of the Sergeant-major, 
 who, marching at the head of the column, regulates the 
 length of pace of all. 
 
 When there is no advance guard, the Drum-major or 
 Pioneer Sergeant should be informed of the route to be 
 followed. 
 
 When marching in fours, the leading Company of the 
 column should always follow the band ; no word of com- 
 mand is necessary if the head of the column wheels at a 
 cross road. 
 
 No band, when marching by itself and unaccompanied 
 by troops, should play on any account. 
 
 When a brigade marches past and the bands are 
 brigaded, the particular air belonging to each Regiment 
 is plajed as it passes the saluting point ; during the inter- 
 vals between successive Regiments, the drums only beat 
 for a short time a flourish, dividing as it were the tunes, 
 except during the interval before and after Rifle Regiments 
 when the bugles usually sound " la casquette." 
 
 :;! ' 
 
 
 MANNER OF ADDRESSING OFFICERS. 
 
 On any parade or duty, v/hether under arms or not, all 
 Officers addressing their seniors, whether of like or 
 superior rank, should apply to them the title of " Sir." 
 
 Officers, both on and off duty, when speaking to a 
 General (or Officer acting as such), or to the Officer com- 
 manding their Regiment, should address hmi as " Sir." 
 This rule should especially be observed by Staff Officers 
 towards the superior Officer to whose staff they are 
 attached. 
 
 \ Lieutenant-colonel may be addressed by Officers of 
 senior rank, or by those with whom he is familiar, as 
 " Colonel," the word " Lieutenant" being, when speaking 
 to or of such an officer, omitted. 
 
 H I 
 
DRILLS AND PARADES. 
 
 77 
 
 
 Majors are called " Sir" by the Oflicers of their own 
 Kegiinents. In conversation they may, when spoken to 
 or of, be called by their rank only. Thus : " Do you think 
 so, Major ? " " Take this to the Major. " 
 
 When addressing a Captain (if his rank is mentioned), 
 he should invariably be called both by rank and name. 
 Thus: "Good morning, Captain Nash," not "Good 
 morning. Captain." In like manner, when speaking of 
 these ollicers to inferiors, their name and rank will be 
 mentioned : "Tell Captain Foster." etc. 
 
 Lieutenants should never be addressed or spoken of by 
 their rank, either on parade, duty, or otherwise, except 
 under grave circumstances, as when an officer is arraigned 
 for trial, or is being rebuked by his Commanding Officer, 
 or when put in orders for duty. 
 
 They are to be addressed, cr spoken of, as " Mr." : 
 " Fall in, Mr. Close." " Take that to Mr. Hodgins." 
 
 Non-commissioned officers and men should, in like 
 manner, always apply the title of " Mr." to Lieutenants. 
 
 Officers holding brevet commissions, when addressed 
 or spoken of, whether on (garrison or regimental) duty or 
 not, should be called by their senior rank, the word 
 *' Brevet " being omitted. Thus: " March off your Com- 
 pany. Major Miller," etc. ; not" Brevet Major Miller." 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 FIRING A " FEU-DE-JOIE. 
 
 In most instances a " feu-de-joie " is spoiled from the 
 left-hand rear-rank men of Regiments (that have practised 
 this exercise singly) firing immediately after their front- 
 rank men have delivered their fire, and thus not waiting 
 for the fire to run down the rest of the front rank of the 
 brigade and up its rear rank to them. 
 
 This error inev al)ly spoils a "feu-de-joie," as the 
 remainder of the rea» rank on their right surely fire after 
 them. 
 
78 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL 
 
 To obviate this, it will be found a good plan, when corps 
 are practising singly, to extend several files at intervnls, 
 according to the ground, to represent the remainder of 
 the lirigade. The rear-rank men of the extended files to 
 cover their front-rank men two paces in rear of them (as 
 at open order). The front rank men should take up the 
 fire after the left- hand front-rank man of the corps has 
 fired ; the rear rank extended men will run the fire from 
 left to right until it reaches the left hand rear-rank man 
 of the corps. 
 
 EXAMINATION OF ARMS. 
 
 After a field day, etc., on arriving on its private parade, 
 the arms and pouches of a Regiment should be examined. 
 Each Captain examines the arms of his own Company. 
 The Regiment will, for this purpose, be formed in column 
 or half-column. 
 
 Each Captain should report to the Field Ollicer of his 
 half-battalion that all the arms of his Company are un- 
 loaded and pouches emptied, and the Field Officers then 
 report to the Commanding Officer of the Regiment. 
 
 When arms, etc., are to be examined by the Inspecting 
 Officer (should space admit) the corps should wheel or 
 break into column, after giving the prescribed salute, and 
 proceed as in Part III., Field Ex. 
 
 SALUTES, COMPLIMENTS, ETC. 
 
 By the peculiar organization of the Militia Force, it 
 may frequently occur that Officers have relatives and per- 
 sonal friends serving as Non-commissioned Officers, pri- 
 vates, etc. Whatever may be the relations existing between 
 Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, etc., in private life, 
 it should be distinctly understood and appreciated by all 
 concerned that, when in uniform, the relative military 
 p.tsitions of the ; .tvf.'.is should— in the interests of dis- 
 
,' 1 
 
 DRILLS AND PARADES. 
 
 79 
 
 cipline and example — be strictly maintained, and the 
 customary observances of the service from subordinate 
 towards superior in all respects carried out. 
 
 Non-commissioned OfHcers and men addressing the 
 Sergf •'iU-Major apply to him the title of " Sir. " 
 
 A soldier, desirous of speaking to an Officer should be 
 accompanied by a Non-commissioned Officer. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers and men should salute all 
 Officers in uniform, whether of their own corps or any 
 other, so long as they can fairly distinguish them. 
 
 If standing still when an Officer passes, they should 
 turn towards him, come to attention, and salute at four 
 paces distance ; when walking, they salute as they pass. 
 When approaching to speak to an Officer, they salute and 
 halt at two paces. When a private, accompanied by a 
 Non-commissioned Officer, comes up to speak to an 
 Officer, the Non-com«iissioned Officer should halt him by 
 word of com.m.and. When appearing before an Officer, in 
 a room, a salute should be given, but the head-dress not 
 removed, unless in a case of a prisoner, or summoned for 
 misconduct, in which case no salute is required, or in 
 places of worship, civil courts, or in the presence ci a 
 magistrate. A man without his head-dress, or who is 
 carrying anything which prevents his saluting properly, 
 should, if standing still, come to attention as an Officer 
 passes ; if walking !-,e will turn his head slightly towards 
 the Officer in passing. When individuals meet troops on 
 the inarch they should salute the Commanding Officer and 
 colours. Men with rifles should never salute by raising 
 the hand, but come to the " Shoulder," or " Advance," and 
 bring the left arm across the centre of the body, hand (ncr 
 the sling. 
 
 When an Officer comes into a room, the first that sees 
 him should call "Attention," when all present rise and 
 remain at attention while he is presei.^t. 
 
8o 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 A salute made to two or more Officers should only be 
 returned by the senior. 
 
 When a salute e.t reviews is given, all Officers on the 
 ground in uniform as spectators, should turn toward the 
 saluting point, and salute with the hand. 
 
 Officers attending reviews in uniform, as spectators, 
 during the march past should place themselves in rear of 
 the saluting point. 
 
 At all inspections or reviews a general salute should 
 only be given to such Officers as are by Regulations en- 
 titled to the compliment ; other Officers vaU be received 
 at the "shoulder." 
 
 When a corps is inspected in line, the Commanding 
 Officer only accompanies the Inspecting Officer down the 
 ranks. 
 
 The manner in which compliments are paid and re- 
 turned by armed and unarmed parties is laid down in 
 Part VI., Field Exercise. 
 
 A party marching under the command of an Officer 
 should only pay compliments as follows : To Royalty and 
 General Officers, the Officer commanding the district in 
 which the party is serving, the Field Officers of its own 
 Regiment. 
 
 When a Commissioned Officer proceeds as above, he 
 should, as he passes the person saluted, raise his hand to 
 his head dress ; should his sword be drawn (as in the case 
 of a Commander of a Guard), he will salute with the 
 svv-ord. 
 
 It is customary for Officers to salute with the hand all 
 members of the Royal Family, all General Officers, Gov- 
 ernors, and Commandants of places, their own Command- 
 ing Officers, the corpse at all military funerals, r-.vid the 
 colours of Regiments. When any Officer makes a report 
 or delivers an official message to another, he salutes. 
 
 Officers meeting an Officer in command of a party should 
 
DRILL AND PARADES. 
 
 Si 
 
 salute him as they pass, always pnnided that his rank be 
 not inferior to their own. 
 
 All Officers, whether in uniform or not, salute (or how to) 
 the Commanding Officer, and the Field Officers of their 
 Regiments, and all General Officers. 
 
 Officers in uniform when bowing to an acquaintance, 
 should never raise their head dresses from their heads. 
 
 Mounted Officers in the Field, or otherwise, when pass- 
 mg Royalty, a General (or any Officer acting as such), at 
 a trot or gaiiop. should rein up to a walk, and salute ; 
 after passing, the original pace may be resumed. This 
 rule should be observed towards the Officer commanding 
 the district in which the parties are serving. 
 
 The above is not, however, applicable to Staff-Officers 
 when actually engaged in carrying an order ; at such times 
 the salute should be given wit!;out checking the pace. 
 
 A Non-commissioned Officer in charge of a party should, 
 on meeting an Officer, pay him the prescribed compliments. 
 
 When a General Officer visits the men at their meals, 
 on "attention" being called, they should stand up, until 
 directed to the contrary ; when visited by any other 
 Officer they sit at attention ; at any other time no soldier 
 is ever to be off the position of attention, or to continue 
 silting, when met or visited in his quarters by an Officer ; 
 nor should any soldier continue talking or cleaning his 
 arms or accoutrements while an Officer is present, until 
 directed to the contrary. 
 
 
Part II.— Duties. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 Roster of Duties. 
 
 In all duties, whether v ith or without arms, and whether 
 performed by corps or by individual Officers, the roster 
 should commence with the senior. 
 
 Duties are thus classified : 
 
 1. Guards, ist of the Sovereign ; 2nd of Members of 
 
 the Royal Family; 3rd, of Viceroys; 4th. of the 
 Captain General, or Governor of a colony ; 5th, 
 of the Commander in Chief at home or abroad. 
 
 2. Divisional duties under arms. 
 
 3. Brigade or garrison duties under arms. 
 
 4. Regimental duties under arms. 
 
 5. Courts Martial, ist, General ; 2nd, District ; 3rd, 
 
 Regimental. 
 C. Boards or Courts of Inquiry, ist, Divisional ; 
 
 2nd, Brigade ; 3rd, Regimental. 
 7. Working parties. 
 b. Fatigue duties. 
 These are divided Regimentally into duties for Ollicers. 
 and for Non-commissioned Ollicers and men. 
 
 3- 
 
 4' 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Guards, ist, Outlymg picquet ; 2nd, Guard. 
 Courts Martial, ist. General ; 2nd, District, 
 Boards, ist, Divisional ; 2nd, Brigade 
 Oderly. 
 
ROSTFR or DUTIES 
 
 83 
 
 5. Courts Martial (Regimental). 
 
 6. Boards (Regimental). 
 
 7. Working parties. 
 
 8. Fatigue parties. 
 
 The Officers' Roster (Form 14) is kept by the Adjutant 
 who should have one for Garrison and another for Regi- 
 mental duties, the former taking precedence of the latter. 
 
 When an Officer's tour for more than one duty comes 
 round on the same date, he should be detailed for that 
 duty only which has the precedence in the classification 
 already given and should receive an overslaugh for any 
 other duties. When an Officer is actually in the perform- 
 ance of one duty, and his tour for another dut}' occurs, he 
 should not make good that other duty, but his tour is to 
 pass him. An Officer detailed as "in waiting " is not 
 entitled to count a tour of duty. 
 
 No overslaugh should be allowed for one of two duties 
 which come round on the same date, when such occur 
 through an Officer having exchanged duties, or when he 
 is making up duties at the end of the roster. 
 
 In pressing cases an Officer on Regimental duty may 
 also take his tour as a member of a Regimental Court 
 Martial. 
 
 Attendance at a Court Martial, the members of which 
 shall have been assembled and sworn, should be reckoned 
 a duty, though the Court should be dissolved without trying 
 any person. On any day on which a Court Martial is not 
 actually sitting, its members are, without further orders, 
 to be considered available for parades or other duties ; 
 they should not, however, quit the station without the 
 authority of the General or other Officer commanding, 
 until the Court shall have been dissolved. This rule is 
 also applicable to Courts of Inquiry and Hoards. 
 
 A Brevet Officer should })erform all Regimental duties 
 according to his Regimental rank — ^Garrison duties accord- 
 ing to his Militia rank. 
 
84 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Guards of Honour should be furnished regimentally. 
 
 When an Officer returns from short leave of absence, 
 and h.'ts to make up duties, he should make up one at the 
 end of each roster. When an Oflicer has to make up 
 duties, he should only make up as many duties of each 
 kind as any individual OlVicer has done of that kind 
 during the period of his leave. 
 
 A Regiment, detachment, guard, picquet, or fatigue 
 party, is only entitled to count a tour of duty when it has 
 marched off the ground where it may have been ordered 
 to parade. 
 
 An Officer detailed in orders should not exchange his 
 duty with another without the permission of the authority 
 by whom he was detailed. 
 
 The Officers on duty, and those in waiting as next for 
 duty, who are always to be mentioned in the orders of the 
 day, should remain in quarters. 
 
 No armed party, consisting of more than twenty men, 
 should bo allowed to proceed (^n any duty unaccompanied 
 bv an Ollicer. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONi:i) OFFICERS AND MEN. 
 
 I St. — Guards. 
 
 2nd. — Escorts. 
 
 3rd. — Pictpiets. 
 
 4th. — Onlerly. 
 
 5th. — Cooks. 
 
 Oth. — Regimental fatigues detailed from Orderly room. 
 
 7th. — Company fatigues, orderly men of rooms, stairs 
 and passage orderly, rations carriers, etc. 
 
 The Sergeant-Major keeps the Duty Roster of the Non- 
 commissioned Ollicers ami men (I'onn 15) detailing the 
 former by name, and giving the number of men retpiired 
 fmm each Company according to its duty state (l'\)rni 16) 
 which is sent into the Orderly Room weekly. 
 
ROSTER OF DUTIES. 
 
 85 
 
 The Orderly Sergeants keep their Companies' Rosters 
 (Form 17), and should have their Orderly Corporals 
 present as witnesses when they warn the men individually 
 for their several duties, which should be done at evening 
 parade, or at the tea hour. 
 
 In detailing fatigue parties the Sergeant-Major names 
 those first which are liable to be first wanted. 
 
 When more than one description of duty or fatigue is 
 detailed from the Orderly room, the men should be taken 
 off the Company Roster in the same order as the fatigues ; 
 i.e. the first men for duty will be for that fatigue first 
 named by the Sergeant-Major. 
 
 If after the issue of the usual detail for the day follow- 
 ing, a fatigue party should be unexpectedly called for, the 
 men first on the Roster for Regimental fatigue should be 
 taken, e\en though they should have been previously 
 warned for another fatigue. 
 
 Excej)t in cases of necessity men should not be taken 
 for fatigue within a shorter interval than two hours after 
 guard, or one hour after meals. 
 
 Men on guard should not be allowed to claim exemption 
 from a fatigue because whilst on guard it may have passed 
 their turn. 
 
 As a general rule, the Cook of a Company, Non-com- 
 missioned Officers and men on Escort, on giving evidence 
 before a Court Maitial, should not make good any Guards 
 picquets, or fatigues, when it has passed their turn in the 
 roster. An assistant cook should be exempt from Escort, 
 picquet, or fatigue during his occupation as such. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers and men on duty or " in 
 waiting" should not be permitted to leave their quarters. 
 
 .,11 
 
 : 
 
 16) 
 
 RELIEVING GUARIX 
 
 Guanls will be relieved with all ordered forms as found 
 in the Field Exercise, Part VII. 
 
86 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 Guards, Sentries, Picquets and Escorts. 
 
 There is no situation in which soldiers are so conspicu- 
 ously placed as when upon Guard ; they are then exposed to 
 constant observation, and the honour and character of the 
 corps becomes, in consequence, more than ever in the 
 keeping of every individual, be his rank ever so humble. 
 Every man is aware of the impression made upon his mind 
 when he sees in a strange Regiment reliefs marching 
 irregularly, sentries lounging lazily upon their posts, the 
 men of a Guard lying about upon their benches, their 
 tunics but half buttoned, their accoutrementsdisarranged, 
 and their caps carelessly put on ; he never expects to find 
 that such slovens and unsoldierlike characters belong to 
 a Regiment in a good state of discipline. 
 
 DUTIES ON GUARD. 
 
 An Orderly bugler should always be warned, and parade 
 with the Regimental Guard. 
 
 Commanders of Guards shoald make themselves ac- 
 quainted with the orders of the Guard, as also with those 
 which each sentinel ought to have on his post. They 
 should inspect all reliefs both on going out to their posts 
 and returning from them, and should particularly ascer- 
 tain that the Corporals themselves are well informed with 
 respect to the orders they are to deliver to the several 
 sentinels, whom they should frequently visit, to be assured 
 that they know their duty and have received the proper 
 instruction, taking with them a file of the Guard as escort 
 and specifying in their Guartl report the particular hour 
 at which they performed these duties. In the reports of 
 all Guards should likewise be mentioned the hours when 
 visited by Oflicers or rounds of any description. They 
 should maintain a proper authority, and be responsible 
 
CA'ARDS, SENTRIKS, iiTC. 
 
 87 
 
 tli.lt no drinking, swearing or K''iniblinK is allowed in the 
 Guard room, takinj^ care that all are exact in the per- 
 f(jrmance of their di'^y, and that no species of irregularity 
 is permitted anions the men. 
 
 When an Ollicer visits sentries, he shonld l)e accom- 
 panied by a Non-commissioned Oflicer of the j^uard, and 
 when a Non-commissioned Officer visits his sentries he 
 should take a file of men, marchin},' six paces in front ( f 
 them. 
 
 Neither Officers or soldiers should on any account take 
 off their clothes or accoutrements while they are on guard, 
 except when cleaning themselves after reveille in the 
 morning, and then (jnly one relief should do so at a time; 
 they should shave, wash, and clean themselves, and the 
 men on sentry at the time should do so as soon as 
 relieved. 
 
 No man of the Guard should ever be seen smoking out- 
 side the guard room, or appea;' outside with a forage 
 cap on. 
 
 Commanders of Guards should remain constantly with 
 their Guards, except while visiting their sentries, and 
 they should not enter any public house or place of 
 entertainment ; when obliged to leave the Guard, they 
 should inform the second in command of the reason of 
 their absence and the probable time of return. In the 
 absence of Non-commissioned Ollicers - as for instance on 
 a Corporal's Ciuard or party, — if anything should liaj>pen 
 *.o the Corporal, the oldest soldier, whether drummer or 
 private, becomes answerable for the Ciuard or party until 
 a Non-commissioned Ollicer joins it. The roll should be 
 called at uncertam hours to see that no man is absent 
 without permission. 
 
 They should patrol round the (juarters at uncertain 
 hours during the night, to see that all is correct, and that 
 no lights but those authorized are burning. 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
88 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 They shoijlrl receive all passes from men coming into 
 fjuarters after hours, and enter on the same the time that 
 each individual came in, also, whether drunk or sober: 
 these passes should be sent with the Guard report to the 
 Orderly room. 
 
 They should report all Non-commissioned Officers and 
 men coming into (juarters after tatto(j, who are not (jn 
 duty or pass ; if they are drunk they should be detained 
 as prisoners. 
 
 They should be responsible that no one but the Guard 
 and the prisoners are permitted to remain in the Guard 
 house, and should give orders to the sentry on the dofir 
 not to admi* any one except the (Officer of the day, or 
 those with rations or clothing, which latter should be ex- 
 amined previous to its being handed to the men. 
 
 Should a man be taken ill on guard a report is im- 
 mediately to be sent to the Adjutant or Sergeant-Major, 
 who should see that one of the waiting men is sent to 
 relieve him without delay, 
 
 In case of fire or other alarm, it should be reported at 
 f)nce to the Adjutant or Orderly Officer, and the Guard 
 should at once turn out and remain under orders. 
 
 Commanders of Guards receive such [prisoners as 
 are made over to them by an Officer or Non-commissioned 
 Officer. A written charge or crime should in all cases be 
 retjuired with each ; but the Commander of a Guard should 
 not refuse to receive a prisoner on the ground that a 
 written charge or crime is not given him with the prisoner. 
 It is sufficient for him to know that the prisoner is amen- 
 able to military law, and that the person confining him is 
 known and responsible. 
 
 If no charge is received against a prisoner by the Com- 
 mander of a Guard, he should report the prisoner and the 
 person confining him, stating that no crime had been 
 received, to the visiting Officer, and enter his name in the 
 Guard report. 
 
U i 
 
 GUARDS, SENTRIES. ETC. 
 
 89 
 
 The Coinmaiuler of a (iuanl should on no account 
 rehiase a prisoner committed to his charge, without proper 
 authority. 
 
 Commandersof Guards should minutely inspect prisoners 
 before they are placed in confinement, and take from them 
 any implement with which they can injure themselves or 
 others, or that can be used in any way to facilitate their 
 escape. Any article found on prisoners should be delivered 
 to Colour Serj,'eants. 
 
 The Commander of a (iuard should see that the j)ris- 
 oners under his charge shave and wash and are inspected 
 by the Surgeon, before being brought before the Command- 
 ing Officer. He should likewise be careful that none 
 of them are brought up except they are perfectly sober. 
 
 The Commander of a (iuard should direct the (Orderly 
 lUigler to sound the "reveille" at the j)roiK'r hour; also 
 for defaulteis at uncertain times, and on a general average 
 of once an hour, between reveille and tattoo. The first 
 call should not be earlier than half an hour after reveille, 
 and the last at first post. Defaulters should not be 
 called at a time when they are supposed to be in their 
 quarters, at meals, &c. He should of course, have a 
 list of defaulters and men on pass, furnished him by 
 the Regimental Orderly Sergeant. 
 
 The name of every prisoner confined during the period 
 on duty should be inserted in the (iuard report, and men- 
 tion made of authority on which any prisoner may have 
 been released. 
 
 The Commander of the new Guard, before receiving 
 over the prisoners, should fall them in, call over their 
 names from the duplicate Guard report, inspect them, 
 and also the several articles in charge of the Guard. 
 
 Prisoners in the Guard Room should not have their 
 great coats durinp the day in the summer months, but they 
 should be brougia to them at tattoo, and taken away 
 
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 90 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 at reveille. Prisoners in the Regimental cells un- 
 dergoing imprisonment by order of the Commanding 
 Officer should be allowed great coats and rugs or blankets 
 for the night. 
 
 Corporals of Reliefs should always count and hand over 
 the prisoners to the new sentry, when in the act of re- 
 lieving. 
 
 If a prisoner, or a soldier of the Guard, is found to be 
 in liquor, the Commander of the Guard should be held 
 accountable for it, as no such occurrence can take place if 
 he does his duty. 
 
 The Corporal should assist the Commander in the per- 
 formance of his duties, and check all irregularities that 
 may come under his notice ; he should post the sentries 
 properly, and see that all is correct about and near their 
 posts, and read and explain the orders to those who cannot 
 read. 
 
 Although guards may mount in great coats in con- 
 sequence of wet weather, it is not intended that they 
 should be worn during the day after the rain has ceased. 
 
 No soldier should be employed in holding a horse, or 
 in any other way unconnected with the orders of his 
 guard. 
 
 The meals of all on guard should be brought to them, 
 or if at too great a distance should be taken and cooked 
 on guard. 
 
 Commanders of Guards should make out a report (Form 
 18), stating the hours at which they visited their sentries, 
 the hours they were visited by the Orderly Officers, with 
 a list of the prisoners under their charge, a list of the 
 articles in the guard house received from the last guard. 
 Anything unusual occurring during the tour of duty should 
 instantly be reported to the Officer of the day. 
 
 Every man's name, the number of the post on which he 
 does sentry, and the hours during which he is posted, 
 
GUARDS, SENTRIES, ETC, 
 
 m- 
 
 ng 
 
 91 
 
 should be entered in the report ; men should not be 
 changed on the several posts. 
 
 A Commander of a Guard should be held responsible for 
 the furniture, etc., that betakes over, and should be par- 
 ticular to notify damages in his report. 
 
 Guards turn out at Reveille, Retreat, and Tattoo, and 
 should be inspected by the Officers or Non-commissioned 
 Officers commanding. 
 
 Guards on being relieved should march to their Regi- 
 mental parades and be dismissed, the Commander first 
 reporting his guard to the Adjutant. 
 
 li^ 
 
 GUARDS PAYING COMPLIMENTS. 
 
 Guards should be under arms at all times when armed 
 parties approach their posts ; and when such parties are 
 commanded by Officers they present arms and beat a 
 ruffle or sound a flourish. Officers saluting, but they 
 should not pay compliments nor turn out as a mai.tf^r of 
 compliment afterthe " Retreat " has been sounded. Guards 
 should " stand to" their arms while unarmed parties com- 
 manded by Officers pass their posts. The manner in 
 which guards turn out, pay compliments, and sentries 
 salute, is laid down in the " Field Exercises," Part VII. 
 
 To the Governor-General all Guards should turn out 
 with presented arms, and beat a ruffle or sound a flourish. 
 
 Guards should turn out and pay the compliments to 
 General Officers in uniform. General Officers meeting 
 Guards on the march are also entitled to the usual salute 
 in passing. 
 
 When such Officers pass Guards while in the act of 
 relieving, both guards should salute, receiving the word 
 of command from the senior Officer present with them. 
 
 The colours of a Regiment, passing a Guard, should be 
 saluted with the utmost respect, bugles or trumpets sound- 
 ing, and the drums beating the march. 
 
92 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 To Lieutenant-Colonels the Guards of their own Regi- 
 ments should turn out, and "present arms '' once a day, 
 after which they turn out to him with shouldered arms. 
 
 To Majors their own Guards should turn out with 
 shouldered arms once a day ; at other times they are to 
 "stand to" their arms. 
 
 When the command of a Regiment devolves on a Major 
 or Captain, his own Guards should pay him the same com- 
 pliment as is ordered for the Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 
 When Garrison or other guards proceeding to or from 
 their posts meet the Field Ofl&cer of the day, they should 
 salute him in passing. 
 
 No Officer, who is not dressed in uniform, is entitled to 
 the compliment of a guard turning out. The several 
 members of the Royal Family and His Excellency the 
 Governor-General are excepted from this rule. 
 
 Whenever the turning out of the Guard is dispensed 
 with by the person entitled to the compliment, the Com- 
 mander of the guard should remain outside until he has 
 passed. 
 
 RELIEFS. 
 
 The manner of relieving and posting sentries is laid 
 down in the " Field Exercise," Part VIL 
 
 Reliefs marching in line should move at right angles to 
 the front of the sentry to be relieved. 
 
 A Relief in line should stand as follows : — No. i right- 
 hand man front rank covered by No. 2, No. 3 next to 
 No. I , covered by No. 4, and so on— f 1 1 
 
 As each man in succession moves out to go on sentry, 
 the remainder of the men of the Relief should move so 
 as to bring the man for the next post on the right of the 
 front rank ; and also so as to make a vacant place for the 
 relieved sentry to occupy on the left of the rear rank. 
 
 A relieved sentry when joining a Relief should move 
 into his place round the left flank. 
 
■'I' 
 
 GUARDS, SENTRIES, ETC. 
 
 93 
 
 The following is a detailed description of the manner 
 in which men in a relief move, as alternate men move out, 
 to go on sentry : — 
 
 At No. I Post. — No. I steps out to relieve old sentry, 
 his rear-rank man, No. 2, steps up into the front rank and 
 occupies his place, the remainder of the rear rank covering 
 off 24 inches to the right ; by these movements No. 2 is 
 ready on the right of the front rank to step out at the 
 next post, and a vacant space is left on the left of the rear 
 rank for the relieved sentry to occupy. 
 
 At No. 2 Post. — No. 2 (right-hand front-rank man) steps 
 out, and in order to bring No, 3 (the man for next post) 
 on the right of front rank, the remainder of the front rank 
 cover off 24 inches to their right, the left-hand rear-rank 
 man steps up into the front rank, thus leaving the required 
 vacant space on the le:t of the rear rank for the relieved 
 sentry ; and so on. 
 
 SENTRIES. 
 
 For Instructions in paying compliments and challenging 
 see " Field Exercise," Part VII. 
 
 A Sentry is a Soldier placed in such a position as to 
 be able to watch the approach of the enemy, to prevent 
 surprises, to protect property, to stop any person who en- 
 deavours to pass his post without an order, and without 
 stating who he is. Sentries should be placed before the 
 arms of all Guards, at the quarters of General and C. i- 
 manding Officers, or over any person or property to be 
 guarded. They should be vigilant at their posts, not 
 sing or smoke, nor suffer any noise to be made near them. 
 They shouid at all times be provided with a written or 
 printed order, detailing ^he special duty they are to dis- 
 charge. 
 
 Sentries should be relieved every, two hours ; in very 
 severe weather they may be relieved every hour ; but a 
 sentry should not on any account leave his post until 
 
 M. 
 
 
 i 
 
94 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 regularly relieved. In case of illness he should pass the 
 Avord to the Commander of the Guard, whose duty it will 
 be to relieve him. 
 
 If a fire breaks out, or other alarm occurs, he should 
 immediately pass the intelligence to the Commander of 
 the Guard. 
 
 Sentries posted near Barrack cells should not be per- 
 mitted to communicate with prisoners, or have anything 
 to do with their discipline. They should call the attention 
 of the Commander of the Guard to any irregularity, and 
 apprise him if a prisoner desires to see him. 
 
 A Sentry should never stand to speak to any one while 
 on his post ; but, if spoken to will answer civilly and walk 
 on ; and if any civilian is doing anything contrary to the 
 orders of his post, he should tell him to desist in a quiet 
 and respectful tone, which, if of no effect, he should call 
 for the Commander of the Guard. 
 
 Hospital Sentries should not admit any person except 
 the Medical Officer, Chaplain, Officers of the Regiment, 
 persons employed in the Hospital, and visitors at the 
 fixed visiting hours ; the latter should be provided with 
 passes from the Medical Officer. They should prevent 
 liquor or any other axticle being carried into the Hospital 
 without the Surgeon's permission, and not allow any 
 patient to go beyond the prescribed boundaries without a 
 leave ticket. They should also stop Orderlies carrying 
 bundles from Hospital without a pass. 
 
 Sentries mounted over the quarters of a General Officer, 
 should be instructed to pay the compliment of " presenting 
 arms ' to General Officers only; to Officers below that 
 rank Sentries should stand with shouldered arms ; in all 
 cases, however, they should pay the prescribed compliment 
 to armed parties passing their posts. 
 
 The Sentry at the Guard room door should take charge 
 of the prisoners confined in the Guard room and the arms 
 
GUARDS, SENTRIES, ETC. 
 
 95 
 
 of the Guard. He should turn out the Guard on the 
 approach of armed parties or the Commanding Officer ; 
 also to grand and visiting " rounds." 
 
 A Sentry should always take charge of government 
 property within his view, and never, upon any account, 
 give up or allow his arms to be taken from him. 
 
 All orders to sentries should be given through an Officer 
 or Non-commissioned Officer of the Guard, and a Sentry 
 should never give over his orders to any one except the 
 Commanding Officer, unless in the presence of an Officer 
 •or Non-commissioned Officer of the Guard. 
 
 !^! 
 
 ; li 
 
 ESCORTS. 
 
 Officers, or Non-Commissioned Officers, commanding 
 Escorts, should be held strictly responsible for their conduct 
 and appearance, the safe custody of their prisoners, and 
 the security of the stores entrusted to their charge, and 
 should invariably demand a receipt from the person to 
 whom they deliver over the same. 
 
 The subsistence of men proceeding on detached duties 
 should be given to the Officer, or Non-Commissioned Offi- 
 cer, commanding the party, by whom it should be issued 
 daily to the men, care being taken that no claims of land- 
 lords or other inhabitants are left unsettled. 
 
 Escorts under charge of Non-Commissioned Officers 
 should, immediately upon arrival at a military station, be 
 marched to the parade ground, for the purpose of being 
 inspected by the Orderly Officer. 
 
 On the return of an Escort, or detachment, to Head 
 Quarters, the Commander should report in person, (if an 
 Officer to the Commanding Officer, and if a Non-Commis- 
 sioned Officer to the Adjutant,) before dismissing his party 
 in order that the same may be inspected without delay. 
 
 The Commanders of Escorts should march immediately 
 in rear of their party, which will enable them to have a full 
 view of each individual. 
 
96 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 When Escorts have loaded arms care should be taken 
 on the return of the party, that the cartridges are drawn- 
 and returned to the Quarter Master, before the men are 
 dismissed. 
 
 Escorts of prisoners proceeding by rail, should not load 
 until they have quitted the train, but the prisoners should 
 be handcuffed, 
 
 PICQUETS. 
 
 The Picquet should parade daily at Guard mounting, 
 and remain in quarters ready to turn out when required ; 
 they fall in at Retreat, and at Tattoo, and receive from the 
 Orderly Officer the necessary instructions relative to send- 
 ing out patrols. 
 
 When Picquets parade for patrolling, they should wear 
 side arms only. 
 
 Patrols should consist at least of one Non-Commissioned 
 Officer and eight privates, and should make prisoners of 
 all soldiers found drunk, or disorderly, in the streets, or 
 public houses, or men out of barracks or camp after hours 
 without a pass. 
 
 The Patrol should not enter a public house unless the 
 street door is open, and on no account examine any other 
 part of the house than the bar room, except accompanied 
 by a constable. 
 
 The Patrol should not on any account interfere with the 
 inhabitants, nor take others than soldiers into custody. 
 
 When the alarm sounds, the inlying Picquet should 
 immediately get under arms, and the fire Picquet fall in as 
 rapidly as possible, in fatigue dress, and wait for instruc- 
 tions. The Officers on Regimental duty should join the 
 Picquet. 
 
 Should the Regimental call and the " Assemble " sound, 
 the whole will turn out with arms. 
 
 No man of the Picquet should be allowed to enter the 
 
GUARDS, SEN'TKIES', ETC. 
 
 97 
 
 i 
 
 Canteen from the time he mounts until he is dismissed at 
 night. 
 
 POLICE. 
 
 With a view to maintain order and regularity within the 
 lines of a Regiment, every corps should detail two or three 
 steady soldiers to act as regimental police, under the 
 superintendence of the Provost-sergeant, whom they should 
 assist in the performance of the police duties above speci- 
 fied. The number of men for this special service should 
 vary according to circumstances, but in ordinary cases 
 three men in an enclosed barrack ought to sufl&ce. The 
 number should never exceed six. 
 
 A Sergeant specially selected from the regiments in garri- 
 son or camp, with a view to his fitness for the office, 
 should be appointed to perform the duties of Provost- 
 sergeant for each Provost-prison; unless the strength of 
 the garrison is under two companies. In the latter case 
 the cells, whatever the number of them may be, are to 
 be placed under charge of the Non-commissioned Officer 
 commanding the Guard. The Provost-sergeant should 
 be allowed such a number of Sergeants or Corporals 
 under him as assistants, as may be deemed necessary, and 
 a private soldier as cook. 
 
 He should be specially employed under the Officer com- 
 manding the garrison (or regiment, if the cells are appro- 
 priated exclusively to a particular regiment) , in taking charge 
 of the cells, and is to be held responsible for the safe custody 
 of the prisoners, and for carrying into effect their sentences 
 according to the rules laid down for that purpose. 
 
 It should be also a part of the duty of the Provost-ser- 
 geant to perform the police duties of the Barracks, or camp, 
 or of that part of the garrison in or near which the Provost- 
 prison may be situated. He should frequently visit the 
 canteens in the neighbourhood, and interfere to prevent 
 drunkermess or riot ; using his authority to repress all irreg- 
 
 7 
 
 1 i 
 
98 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 ularity ; and to clear the quarters of any loose or dis- 
 orderly characters. In the course of these duties he should, 
 at all times, be extremely careful to avoid any personal 
 collision with soldiers. He should be allowed such assist- 
 ance in making his rounds as may be deemed necessary by 
 the Officer commanding the garrison or camp. 
 
 He should, without reference to other authority, receive 
 into his charge, to the extent of the accommodation, as 
 well as release prisoners, on requisitions in the prescribed 
 form, signed by Commanding Officers of corps ; who should 
 ascertain at the brigade or other staff office, what number 
 of unoccupied cells are disposable, before requiring the 
 Provost-sergeant to take their prisoners in charge. 
 
 i 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 Orderly Duties. 
 
 Each Regiment should daily detail a Captain, Subaltern, 
 Sergeant, and Corporal of the day, besides Non-commis- 
 sioned Officers for Canteen, Gate duty, &c. Each Com- 
 pany an Orderly Sergeant and Orderly Corporal weekly, 
 and Orderly men daily, 
 
 CAPTAIN OF THE DAY. 
 
 The duties of the Captain of the day commence at 
 reveille and last for twenty-four hours or until he is 
 relieved. 
 
 He should be held so strictly responsible for the clean- 
 liness and regularity of the barracks or camp and answer- 
 able for the manner in which all parts of the daily duties are 
 executed by every individual, that he must ascertain that 
 the duties reported have been actually performed, which 
 he can only be enabled to do satisfactorily by attend- 
 ing in person, and seeing that those concerned are really 
 
Tf 
 
 ORDERLY DUTIES. 
 
 99 
 
 engaged in the execution of the duty required of them. 
 He should be assisted in the performance of his duties by 
 the Subaltern of the day, who will be under his orders. 
 
 He should be present at the issue of the rations to the 
 Regiment, and see that the bread and meat are of the 
 proper weight and quality, and in all respects according 
 to contract. If the Officers of the day consider the rations 
 inferior, they immediately report to the Commanding 
 Officer. He visits such portions of the quarters as he 
 may think fit (directing the Subaltern of the day to take 
 the remainder) at the breakfast and dinner hours, and 
 ascertains if the men are all present, if there are any 
 complaints, and that the quarters are clean. 
 
 He visits and turns out the Guard by day, sees the 
 prisoners, enquires if they have any complaints to make, 
 and ascertains that the Guard room is clean and everything 
 regular, and the sentries acquainted with their orders; also 
 visits the Hospital, observes the state of the wards, the 
 regularity of the messing, and the cleanliness of the men. 
 
 Should anything extraordinary have occurred during 
 the period of the Captain's duty, he should personally 
 report the same to the Commanding Officer, exclusive of 
 making the necessary allusion to it in his written report. 
 
 He makes a report, as per Form 19, to the Commanding 
 Officer the following morning, stating that he has per- 
 formed his several duties, with any remarks he may think 
 necessary, and encloses the report of the Subaltern of the 
 day with it. 
 
 Should there not be sufficient Officers present with a 
 corps, to furnish both a Captain and a Subaltern of the 
 day, one Officer may be detailed for both duties. 
 
 SUBALTERN OF THE DAY. 
 
 The Subaltern of the day comes on duty at reveille an d 
 assists the Captain of the day in his various duties, re- 
 porting himself in person to receive his orders. 
 
 ]\^ 
 
 !i 
 
 I i 
 
100 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 He is present at the issue of the rations to the Regi- 
 ment, and ascertains that they are in all respects equal to 
 the requirements of the contract, and that they are of 
 proper weight. He then attends at the issue of the rations 
 to the messes by the Quarter-master. . 
 
 He visits the barracks or such portions of them as may 
 be directed by the Captain of the day, at meal hours, 
 ascertains that the men are all present, that the messes 
 are regular, and that the men have no complaints to 
 make concerning them. If any complaint is made of any 
 mess, he will, after making every enquiry himself, report 
 the matter to the Captain of the day, with as little de- 
 lay as possible. That the quarters are clean and the 
 beds neatly folded ; that the clothing, necessaries, arms 
 and accoutrements are arranged according to order, that 
 plenty of fresh air is admitted, and the men properly 
 dressed and all reported present. If any men should be 
 absent, a written report containing the names of the 
 absentees will be given him by the Orderly Sergeant, and 
 he will enter their names in his own report. 
 
 He is present at Guard-mounting, and in the absence of 
 
 the Adjutant it will be his duty to inspect the Guard, unless 
 
 some other Officer has been appointed in his place. He 
 
 visits the Guard, once by day and once by night, at such 
 
 hours as may be directed by the Captain of the day. He 
 
 inspects the men under arms, ascertaining that all are 
 
 present, sober, and alert ; visits the Guard room and 
 
 prisoners, and sees that everything is correct and regular,. 
 
 enquires if the prisoners have any complaints, and sees 
 
 that the sentries are acquainted with and understand the 
 
 orders of their posts. If a sentry should be unacquainted 
 
 ^^..MdXh or misunderstand his orders, he will see that he is 
 
 / T^p/<^j>ddy instructed at once, and find out whether the 
 
 ».? ignor^lice of the sentry was the result of neglect of duty 
 
 9 on tli^j part of the Corporal who posted him. While 
 
 S^^ 
 
 
ORDERLY DUTIES. 
 
 lOI 
 
 visiting the sentries he should be accompanied by the 
 Corporal of the guard. He sees that the meals for the 
 men on guard are carried to the Guard by their comrades 
 or the orderly men of room who will be paraded with 
 the mess tins containing the meals in their hands, by the 
 Regimental Orderly Ser;oant, for tho inspection of the 
 Orderly Officer, five minutes befor j the meal hour of the 
 Regiment. It is his duty to nspect the old Guard after 
 it is relieved, to examine the arms, and if loaded, have 
 the cartridges drawn under his own superintendence. 
 Should there be a senior Officer present on the parade, 
 he reports the old Guard, and obtains permission to 
 dismiss it. 
 
 He visits the Hospital, Cells, Cookhouses and Canteen ; 
 also the Library, School, and Tailor's and Shoemaker's 
 shops, if any, and sees that everywhere there is cleanliness, 
 order, regularity, and strict observance of the Command- 
 ing Officer's orders. He ascertains if the sick in hospital, 
 or the prisoners in the cells have any complaint to make 
 and sees thatthe wards areclean, and the messing regular. 
 At the canteen, he should see the Non-commissioned 
 Officer on duty, ascertain if any complaints have been 
 made to him, and receive his report as to the good order 
 of all in his charge. At the cookhouses he should inspect 
 the coppers or kettles, while the meals are being cooked, 
 and afterwards see that they are thoroughly cleaned when 
 the meals have been removed. 
 
 At retreat he inspects the Picquet and sees that the men 
 are all present and sober. At tatteo collects the reports, 
 inspects the picquet, and sees that the canteen is cleared. 
 
 At lights out, he ascertains that the lights and fires in 
 •every room occupied by the Non-commissioned Officers, 
 privates and married people, with the exception of the 
 Sergeants' Mess, in which gas may be burnt half an hour 
 later, have been extinguished. 
 
102 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 He will send in to the Captain of the day, before 
 9, a.m., the following day, a written report (Form 20), of 
 the performance of all ordinary duties. If it be necessary 
 to report anything extraordinary, the report should be 
 made verbally and at once. 
 
 If any portion of an Orderly Officer's duty should be 
 omitted it should be distinctly so stated in the body of the 
 report. When the omission has been unavoidable, no 
 more need be said. If otherwise, the report should be 
 accompanied by a written explanation, to be laid before 
 the Commanding Officer by the Captain of the day. 
 
 If an Orderly Officer should be relieved before the 
 expiration of his tour of duty, on account of illness or any 
 other cause, he should make over his duties regularly to 
 the Officer who relieves him ; and it is the duty of the 
 relieving Officer to report that he has received over every* 
 thing regularly. 
 
 Orderly Officers should not leave barracks, camp, or 
 cantonment. Should they be stationed out of barracks 
 they must confine themselves to their quarters when not 
 actually out on duty. They should remain in uniform, 
 and attend all parades and drills with their Companies, 
 unless specially ordered. 
 
 REGIMENTAL ORDERLY SERGEANT. 
 
 The Regimental Orderly Sergeant is appointed daily, 
 for the purpose of superintending the good order of the 
 barracks or camp, and his term of duty lasts from 
 reveille to reveille. 
 
 He parades the Orderly Sergeants of companies half an 
 houi after reveille, and receives their reports ; ascertains 
 from them that the men are all present, that nothing 
 extraordinary has occurred, or smoking been allowed 
 during the night, and what men are going sick. 
 
 One hour after reveille, he will go round and see that 
 the rooms or tents are in proper order. 
 
r 
 
 \: 
 
 ORDERLY DUTIES. 
 
 103 
 
 t '.]: 
 
 He parades the Orderly Corporals and men for rations, 
 and marches them to place of issue. 
 
 He parades the defaulters at the hours specified, collect- 
 ing the reports from the Orderly Sergeants, handing the 
 defaulters over to the Non-commissioned Officer detailed 
 to drill them, with a report of same (Form 21). 
 
 He parades the Non-commissioned Officers for gate and 
 canteen duty ; sees that the prisoners' necessaries are 
 sent to the guard room, and gets a list of men reported 
 absent. 
 
 He parades the Orderly men with the meals for the men 
 on guard and prisoners five minutes before the second 
 bugle for meals, for the inspection of the Orderly Officer. 
 
 He accompanies and assists the Orderly Officer in his 
 visits to the barrack rooms at his inspection of rations. 
 
 He parades the sick and sees them marched to Hospital. 
 
 He parades the Orderly Sergeants and evidences, so as to 
 be ready in time for the examination of prisoners by the 
 Commanding Officer. 
 
 He makes out a list of defaulters (Form 22), which he 
 hands to the Ncn-commissioned Officers on gate and 
 canteen duty. 
 
 He visits the cook-houses a quarter of an hour before 
 meal hours, to see that the meals are being prepared, and 
 parades the Orderly Corporals and men and marches them 
 to the cook-houses. Visits the cook-houses after tea, and 
 sees that they are all clean and the fires extinguished, then 
 locks them up and hands the keys over to the Sergeant of 
 the regimental guard. 
 
 He visits the canteen frequently, and reports any irregu- 
 larity. Visits the Non-commissioned Officers on gate 
 duty, and sees that the names of defaulters are on the 
 gate and canteen boards. 
 
 He makes out a list of passes for the Sergeant of the 
 guard, and delivers the passes to the Orderly Sergeants of 
 companies, and shows the orders to the Staff Officers. 
 
 1! li 
 
 III! 
 
 1,1! 
 
 •'■■■i 
 
 m 
 
 ,n 
 
I04 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 He parades the Picquet at retreat and tattoo for the 
 inspection of the Subaltern of the day. 
 
 He sees the lights out and dampers closed at the proper 
 time. 
 
 He attends at tattoo, and gets a list of men reported 
 absent, which he sends to the Subaltern of the day in 
 time for his report the following morning (Form 23). 
 
 He will not on any account leave the barracks during 
 his tour of duty. ' 
 
 He should send in a written report (Form 24) to the 
 Sergeant-Major, stating that he has performed his various 
 duties. 
 
 REGIMENTAL ORDERLY CORPORAL. 
 
 The Regimental Orderly Corporal's tour of duty lasts 
 from reveille to reveille, and he assists the Regimental 
 Orderly Sergeant. He accompanies the Captain or 
 Subaltern ot the day, during their tour of duty. When 
 no Non-commissioned Officer is detailed to march the 
 sick to hospital he should do so. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER DETAILED FOR THE SICK. 
 
 The Non-commissioned Officer detailed for the sick is 
 also warned daily, and takes his duty from reveille to 
 reveille ; attends the Regimental Orderly Sergeant, and 
 receives over from him all men reported sick, with their kits. 
 Marches the men to hospital, and remains there until the 
 Surgeon makes his morning visit. He hands the sick report 
 to the Surgeon, who will mark opposite their names how 
 the men are disposed of. He will then return to barracks, 
 and report to the Orderly Sergeants of Companies to which 
 the sick men belong, whether they have been admitted to 
 hospital or otherwise. This report will be handed to the 
 Sergeant-Major. He accompanies the Medical Officer, if 
 called upon, in his visits to those who may be reported sick 
 in quarters. Again visits the hospital at such hour as 
 
ORDERLY DUTIES. 
 
 105 
 
 r 
 
 ^'i 
 
 rted 
 in 
 
 may be named by the Medical Officer, and marches all 
 men discharged from hospital into barracks, delivering 
 them over to the Orderly-Sergeants of Companies. 
 
 He will not, on any account, leave barracks, or camp 
 except in the performance of his duty. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER DETAILED FOR DEFAULTERS. 
 
 The Non-commissioned Officer detailed for drilling 
 defaulters will parade and drill them at the hours fixed 
 for such drill, or employ them on any fatigue if so ordered, 
 taking his instructions from the Regimental Orderly Ser- 
 geant. His tour of duty should last for one week. 
 
 :' 
 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS ON GATE DUTY. 
 
 Two Non-commissioned Officers should be detailed 
 daily for barrack gate duty, who should be responsible 
 that no Non-commissioned Officer or soldier passes out 
 of the barrack gate, unless dressed strictly according to 
 regimental order, and that no one enters the barracks ex- 
 cept those duly authorized. Men coming into barracks 
 drunk, whether by day or night, should at once be con- 
 fined. Men proceeding out of barracks on fatigue should 
 be passed out or marched by a Non-commissioned Officer. 
 No bundles are to be taken out of barracks, except passed by 
 a Non-commissioned Officer. The Non-commissioned Offi- 
 cers at the gate should attend to such local orders as may 
 be given them, and relieve each other every two hours, re- 
 porting to the Sergeant-Major at tattoo. 
 
 ! 
 
 I: 
 
 1 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS ON CANTEEN DUTY. 
 
 Two Non-commissioned Officers should be detailed 
 daily for Canteen duty, who will relieve each other every 
 two hours, the duty to commence on the opening of the 
 canteen in the morning, and continue until tattoo. They 
 
io6 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL, 
 
 should be responsible that no soldier enters the canteen, 
 before morning parade or guard mounting, or any other 
 hour that may be ordered from time to time; that no 
 defaulter is permitted in the canteen, and no man- 
 having the appearance of being in liquor is allowed to re- 
 main there, and attend to such other local orders as may- 
 be given them. Should any riot or disturbance take place 
 in the canteen, the Non-commissioned Officer in charge 
 should send to the guard and have the offenders confined. 
 They parade at tattoo and report to the Sergeant-Major 
 next morning, (Form 25). 
 
 COOK-HOUSE ORDERLY. 
 
 Where there is no Sergeant-Cook, and the number of 
 Non-commissioned Officers admits of it, a Non-commis- 
 sioned Officer should be detailed daily to superintend the 
 cooking of the men's meals ; he should begin his duty at 
 such an hour as may be necessary to light the fires. He 
 should be held strictly responsible that no part of the 
 provisions are made away with, that no person whatever 
 enters the cook-house, except those on duty. At the first 
 sound of the bugle for breakfast or dinner, the orderly 
 men should receive the rations ; and, after dinner, the 
 Cook-house Orderly should see that the cook-houses, cop- 
 pers, and cooking utensils are thoroughly cleaned, and 
 then lock up the cook-houses, and hand the key to the 
 Regimental Orderly Sergeant. 
 
 ORDERLIES. 
 
 When a General Officer visits a Regiment, a Sergeant 
 should be detailed as his Orderly. 
 
 A private should be detailed as Orderly to the Com- 
 manding Officer, and another as Orderly Room Orderly. 
 These should be selected daily from the cleanest men 
 parading for guard. 
 
H( 
 
 ORDERLY DUTIES. 
 
 107 
 
 COMPANY ORDERLY SERGEANT. 
 
 The Orderly Sergeant's term of duty should last for one 
 week, beginning on Mondays. The duty is taken by the 
 Sergeants in rotation. 
 
 He calls the roll at reveille, also at the quarter bugle for 
 meals, and the first post for tattoo. Should any man be 
 absent, he makes out a report (Form 26), and gives 
 it to the Orderly Officer when he visits the Barrack rooms. 
 Whenever a man is absent without leave for twenty- 
 four hours, his kit should be immediately inspected by 
 the Orderly Sergeant and Orderly Corporal of the Com- 
 pany, and a list of deficiencies sent to the Colour Sergeant 
 
 On calling the roll of his Company at reveille in the 
 different rooms, he should take down the names of all 
 reporting themselves sick, and make out a report, (Form 
 6) and another for those too ill to attend hospital. He is 
 responsible that men going to hospital take their kits with 
 them. He should, therefore, make out a list of necessa is 
 for each man, sign the same, and deliver it, together with 
 the sick reports, to the Regimental Orderly Sergeant. If 
 a man going sick is too ill to carry his kit, he should warn 
 another to carry it for him. He sees the arms and ac- 
 coutrements of all men going sick handed over to the 
 Pay Sergeant. Nothing should prevent a man in case of 
 sudden illness being taken at once to hospital, either by 
 night or day. In these cases the sick report and the man's 
 kit will be attended to after his admission into hospital. 
 
 He answers to the Regimental Orderly Sergeant half-an- 
 hour after reveille, that the men are all present or otherwise- 
 He should parade the defaulters of his company, and 
 attend when the Sergeant of the Guard calls the roll for 
 the first time in the morning, and account for any of his 
 defaulters who may be absent. He does the same the 
 first time they are called after guard mounting. 
 
 i« 
 
io8 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 He makes out the parade state, which he should have 
 signed by the Captain of his company. As many of the 
 returns sent from the Orderly room depend upon the 
 accuracy of the parade states, it is of the utmost import- 
 ance that they should be carefully made out. 
 
 All passes and daily reports should be sent to the 
 Orderly room by 9 o'clock in the morning. 
 
 He attends at the Orderly room at 9 a.m., or office hour, 
 lias the evidences warned, and if he has prisoners, should 
 see that they are clean. 
 
 He makes out the crimes (Form 27) of all men confined, 
 and shows them to the Pay Sergeant before they are 
 ■brought to the Captain for signature. In the event of 
 any other person than himself confining a man of his 
 Company, he should receive from that individual, either 
 verbally or in writing, a statement of the offence, with 
 the names of the evidences. On prisoners of his Com- 
 pany being brought before the Captain or Commanding 
 Officer, he should attend, whether he is evidence or 
 not, and is responsible that all evidences against any man 
 confined are warned that they are such. 
 
 He parades the Company and calls the roll at all 
 parades, also parades all parties for duty. 
 
 He parades and inspects the men for guard, and marches 
 them to the general guard mounting parade, remaining 
 till dismissed. 
 
 When guards are mounted beyond the precincts of the 
 barracks, he sees that the men's meals are ready to be 
 sent off at the proper time, which should always be by 
 the second bugle sounding. A private may be sent with 
 these meals unaccompanied by a Non-commissioned 
 Officer, unless he happen to be a defaulter, but the 
 man should invariably report his return to the Company 
 orderly. 
 
 He attends the Orderly room at the hour appointed for 
 
( H 
 
 have 
 the 
 the 
 
 5ort- 
 
 the 
 
 ORDERLY DUTIES. 
 
 109 
 
 issuing regimental orders and the detail of his Company 
 for the following day, after which he should lose no time 
 in warning personally all men for duty. When warning 
 men for duty it should never be done in a familiar 
 manner, nor should any freedom either in conversation or 
 behaviour be allowed. Any man not in barracks at the 
 time should be warned at tattoo, or if on pass, at reveille 
 next morning. If he has any men for guard he should 
 also be careful to warn a waiting man, who parades with 
 the guard, and remains in barracks to be ready to take, 
 the place of any man on guard who may be taken sick. 
 
 He reads to the Company all orders of a public nature 
 received from the Orderly room. The Company order 
 book should be taken by him to the morning parade, that 
 the orders of the preceding day may be read out by the; 
 Officer commanding the comnany. 
 
 He is responsible that the servants, and other casualties 
 of his Company, are made acquainted with such orders as 
 concern them, and attend all parades required of them.. 
 
 He calls upon the Pay Sergeant at an appointed hour for 
 all documents requiring the Captain's signature. On his, 
 visit to the Captain for this purpose, he should report to 
 him anything concerning the Company which may have- 
 occurred during the day. When the Officer in command 
 of a Company is quartered out of barracks, there should 
 be a Corporal warned on fatigue for the day, to take all 
 crimes and passes to him for signature ; but this Non- 
 commissioned Officer should not be called upon to perform 
 any part of the Orderly Sergeant's duties within the bar- 
 racks. He should submit to the Pay Sergeant the names; 
 of all men either admitted to or discharged from hospital 
 or confinement, also every circumstance affecting the pay 
 or rations of the men of the Company, and should assist 
 the Pay Sergeant when exchanging or drawing barrack, 
 bedding or utensils from the barrack stores. 
 
 i ! 
 
 
 : i 
 
 1 1 
 li 
 
 i ; 
 
 
 
! 
 
 no 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 He attends the tattoo parade, and reports to the Sergeant 
 Major (Form 26) the men absent from evening roll call. 
 
 He sees that lights are out and stove dampers closed at 
 the proper hour. 
 
 In all his duties he should be assisted by the Orderly 
 Corporal. 
 
 He should not on any account leave the quarters during 
 his tour of duty, unless by permission of the Captain of 
 his company. In such case, he should make the Sergeant 
 Major and Pay Sergeant acquainted with the fact, and 
 with the name of the Non-commissioned Officer who will 
 answer for him in his absence. 
 
 Sergeants and Corporals holding permanent situations 
 should be exempt from taking the duties of Company 
 Orderlies. 
 
 On all occasions of the bugle sounding for Company 
 Orderlies, he should immediately repair to the regimental 
 parade ground, and the orders he may receive there 
 should be immediately communicated to all concerned. 
 
 He alone should be responsible for the correct keeping 
 of the Company duty roster, and consequently no other 
 man should be allowed to make any entries in it. At the 
 close of his term of duty he should take the duty roster to 
 the Colour Sergeant, by whom it will be checked and made 
 over to the next Sergeant for duty. It should frequently 
 be inspected by the Captain, who is responsible for its 
 accuracy. As there is no necessity for every Orderly 
 Sergeant having a clear roster when he commences his 
 duties, but at the same time it being desirable to prevent 
 disputes, the Sergeant who happens to be Orderly on the 
 morning of the last day of each month should be the one 
 to make out the new duty roster of his Company, the same 
 to be taken into use on the day following. 
 
 He should be provided with a small detail book, of 
 which a fresh page should be used every day, in which 
 
ORDERLY DUTIES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 "n 
 
 are entered the names of all Non-commissioned Officers 
 and men for any duty, and the duty which they are for. 
 
 COMPANY ORDERLY CORPORAL. 
 
 The Orderly Corporal should assist the Orderly Sergeant 
 and is to be present as a witness when the duties are 
 warned or rolls called. His term of duty lasts one week, 
 beginning on Monday. 
 
 He parades the sick in the morning with their kits, 
 necessaries, &c., and hands them over to the Regimental 
 Orderly Sergeant. 
 
 When no contracts for delivery have been made he 
 receives daily from the Pay Sergeant the mess money, 
 and parades the market party, consisting of the orderly 
 men of rooms, with the cook and assistant cook, to be 
 marched oft by the Regimental Orderly Sergeant for the 
 purchase of groceries, vegetables, &c., for his company. 
 The mess book should be signed daily by the Captain of 
 the Company and the Mess Corporal. 
 
 He parades the defaulters and orderly men with pris- 
 oners' and guards' meals, answering to the Regimental 
 Orderly Sergeant whether they are present or not, also 
 sees that the prisoners' cleaning necessaries are sent them 
 with the orderly men. 
 
 He shows the orders to the Officers of his Company. 
 
 He attends upon the Pay Sergeant for the ration return 
 (Form 28) at the hour appointed for the issuing of the 
 rations, and makes himself acquainted with the quantity 
 and quality of the issue of bread and beef. Should he 
 be dissatisfied with either, he should respectfully bring 
 it to the notice of the Orderly Officer, but this must be 
 done before removal from the place of issue. 
 
 He receives over from the Quarter Master the Com- 
 pany's allowance of wood on issuing days, and divides 
 the same to the different rooms. He should also 
 
 f'l^ 
 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 
112 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 attend at the Quarter Master's stoie on the day appointed^ 
 and draw the weekly allowance of oil or lights for his 
 Company. 
 
 He attends all parades of his company, and does not 
 leave the barracks except in the performance of his duty^ 
 being at all times properly dressed. 
 
 COMPANY COOKS. 
 
 There should be a Cook and Assistant Cook for each 
 company. The former may be changed only at long in- 
 tervals, or for misconduct; the latter weekly, or oftener if 
 necessary. 
 
 The Cook should be held responsible that the meals ar& 
 ready to be removed from the cook-house by the first 
 bugle sounding. Care should betaken by him not to have- 
 them ready too soon ; this is a fault as great as the meals 
 being too late. He should be particular in having the 
 kettles cleaned thoroughly, both before and after the cook- 
 ing of each meal. When a sufficient number of kettles 
 can be had, one should be set apart for soups or stewsr 
 another for tea and coffee, and another for potatoes. He 
 should pay the utmost attention to the cleanliness of the 
 cook-house, and to his manner of cooking the rations. 
 
 He should accompany the Orderly Corporal of the 
 Company at his purchase of groceries for the Company's- 
 messing, and is responsible, as well as the Corporal, for 
 the proper expending of the mess money, and the articles 
 furnished being of good quality. 
 
 The barrack utensils, as enumerated on the board of 
 inventory in the cook-house, should be under his special 
 charge, and on the completion of his term of duty, should 
 there be any deficiencies or damages, a memorandum of 
 the same should be given by the Orderly Sergeant to the 
 Pay Sergeant, so that at the barrack inspection the charges, 
 may be made against the proper individual 
 
If^ 
 
 ORDERLY DL'TIES. 
 
 113 
 
 The refuse of meat, &c., should be sold under contract 
 made by the Commanding Officer, the proceeds being 
 divided among the companies, and carried to the credit oi 
 messing. 
 
 The Assistant Cook should assist the Cook to wash 
 the potatoes, clean and cut up vegetables, carry in 
 water, empty slops, and assist in cutting wood for cooking 
 purposes. He should be in charge of the cook-house when 
 the Cook may be at any time temporarily absent. 
 
 :|i|ji 
 
 ORDERLY MEN OF ROOMS OR TENTS. 
 
 There should be one or two (according to the number 
 of the men) Orderly Men to each room or tent, their 
 duties continuing from reveille to reveille. 
 
 Except for parade purposes, they should not leave the 
 barracks or camp the day they are on duty. They should 
 be held responsible for the general cleanliness of that 
 part of the barrack room common to all, or of their tent, 
 also the cleanliness and completeness of the furniture and 
 utensils, reporting all deficiencies and damages to the 
 Non-commissioned Officer in charge, within one hour 
 after they come on duty. They carry out all slops, remove 
 sweepings, and keep the quarters at all times well supplied 
 with fresh water. They light the fires, and remove the 
 urine tub to the place appointed for it, and partly fill it 
 with water, within one hour after reveille sounding. They 
 prepare the tables for the different meals, attend the cook- 
 house at the warning bugle, and receive from the Com- 
 pany's Cook the rations for tne men of the room. They 
 divide the meals into single messes, and have everything 
 ready for their comrades to take their seats by the time 
 the second bugle sounds. They are responsible that the 
 meals of the men on guard are ready to be handed over to 
 those appointed to carry them by the second bugle sound- 
 After meals they wash the dishes or mess tins, and 
 
 8 
 
 ing. 
 
114 
 
 Canadian militia manual. 
 
 put them away in proper order. They attend at the place 
 appointed for the issue of rations, and should consider it 
 their duty, if they think them not of proper quality, to 
 bring the same respectfully to the notice of the Orderly 
 Officer, through the Orderly Corporal. They convey 
 back the urine tubs to the barrack room by retreat sound- 
 ing. They are responsible that the damper of the stove 
 (in winter time) is shut at lights out, and at all times 
 during the day should have a watchful eye towards the 
 stove, to prevent accidents by fire. They attend upon the 
 Orderly Corporal for the allowance of light for the room, 
 and also assist in dividing the company's allowance of 
 wood by rooms. Orderly men of rooms should be avail- 
 able for all general parades and drills, except during the 
 season when fuel is used, when one man should always be 
 left to guard against accidents by fire. 
 
■ri 
 
 PART ill. 
 
 DISCIPLINE. 
 
 Discipline means obedience to orders, which is the first 
 principle and duty of all soldiers. The best disciplined 
 soldier is he who most implicitly obeys, not only in the 
 letter, but in the spirit, all orders which he may receive. 
 Without discipline there can be no real bond of confidence 
 between Ofl&cers and men, or even between men them- 
 selves, and without it no great results can ever be attained. 
 Life in a highly disciplined corps is always more pleasant 
 than in one where order and regularity are not strictly 
 maintained. ' 
 
 Respectful obedience is the only true basis upon which 
 sound discipline can rest. It must not hare its origin in 
 fear or dread of punishment, but should be rendered from 
 the conviction that the orders emanate from a superior 
 not only in rank but in knowledge. 
 
 Officers and men of the Militia when called out for 
 actual service, the annual drill, or for any parade or drill, 
 or when in uniform, are subject to the " Army Discipline 
 and Regulations Act," and all other laws applicable to 
 Her Majesty's troops in Canada as are not inconsistent 
 with the Militia Act. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 Courts Martial, Courts of Inquiry, and 
 
 Boards. 
 
 The regulations for the composition of Militia Courts 
 Martial, Courts of Inquiry and Boards, with the modes 
 of procedure and powers thereof, are the same as 
 
 1 
 
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 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 the regulations which may at the time be in force for 
 Her Majesty's regular army, and which are not incon- 
 sistent with the Militia Act. 
 
 No Officer or man of the Militia can be sentenced to 
 death by any Court Martial, except for mutiny, desertion 
 to the enemy, or traitorously giving up a garrison, fortress, 
 post or guard, or traitorous correspondence with the enemy ; 
 and no sentence of any General Court Martial can be car- 
 ried into effect until approved of by Her Majesty. 
 
 Among the offences expressly laid down as liable to trial 
 by Court Martial in the Militia are the following : — 
 
 1 . Being absent without leave for more than seven days, 
 when called out for actual service. 
 
 2. Refusing or neglecting to parade when properly 
 warned for actual service. 
 
 3. Claiming pay for drills not performed. 
 Claiming pay for men not enrolled and attested. 
 Claiming pay for drill performed in other corps. 
 Signing false pay sheets or returns. 
 Retaining pay belonging to others. 
 
 4. 
 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 7- 
 
 COURTS MARTIAL. 
 
 By the Army Discipline and Regulation Acts of 1879, 
 the degrees of Court Martial are classed thus : 
 
 1. General. 
 
 2. District. 
 
 3. Field General. 
 
 4. Regimental. 
 
 A General Court Martial can only be convened by Her 
 Majesty, or by an Officer deriving authority to do so from 
 Her Majesty ; it should not consist of less than nine 
 Officers, unless, in the opinion of the convening Officer, 
 that number is not available, when it may consist of not 
 less than five Officers. Each of the members should have 
 held a commission during the three years preceding the 
 
! 1 1-; 
 
 : i 
 
 COURTS MARTIAL, ETC. 
 
 11-7 
 
 day of assembly of the Court Martial, and for the trial of 
 a Field Officer none of the members should be below the 
 rank of Captain. It has power to sentence to death, 
 penal servitude, corporal punishment, dismissal, discharge 
 with ignominy, or imprisonment, &c. 
 
 A District Court Martial can only be convened by an 
 Officer authorized to convene General Courts Martial, or 
 by an Officer deriving authority to do so from him. It 
 should not consist of less than seven Officers, except 
 where impracticable to obtain that number, when it may 
 be reduced to five, or even to three. It has not power to 
 try an Officer, nor award the punishment of death or penal 
 servitude, its limit being imprisonment with or without 
 hard labour for a period not exceeding two years. 
 
 A Field General Court Martial is for the trial of offenders 
 against the property or person of inhabitants or residents 
 of a country beyond the seas, which cannot practicably be 
 tried by an ordinary General Court Martial, and may be 
 convened by the Officer in command of the detachment 
 or portion of troops to which the offender belongs, although 
 he may not be autnorized to convene any other kind of 
 Court Martial. 
 
 It should consist of not less than three members, and 
 the convening Officer may preside if he cannot obtain 
 another, but he should not be under the rank of Captain. 
 Its powers are those of a General Court Martial. 
 
 A Regimental Court Martial may be convened by any 
 Officer authorized to convene General or District Courts 
 Martial, or any Commanding Officer not below the rank 
 of Captain, or, on board a ship not commissioned by Her 
 Majesty, a Commanding Officer of any rank. It should 
 consist of five but lot less than three Officers, the President 
 not being under the rank of Captain, if possible. 
 
 It cannot try an Officer, nor award death, penal 
 servitude, or. discharge with ignominy, its limits being 
 forty-two !^?'/s' imprisonment. 
 
 ■ 
 
ii8 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 COURTS OF INQUIRY AND BOARDS. 
 
 A Court of Inquiry may be assembled by any Officer 
 in command, to assist him in arriving at a correct conclu- 
 sion on any subject on which it may be expedient for him 
 to be thoroughly informed. With this object in view, 
 such Court may be directed to investigate and report 
 upon any matters that may be brought before it ; but it 
 has no power (except when convened to record the illegal 
 absence of soldiers, as provided for in the Discipline Act) 
 to administer an oath, nor to compel the attendance of 
 witnesses not military. 
 
 A Court of Inquiry is not to be considered in any light 
 as a judicial body. It may be employed, at the discretion 
 of the convening Officer, to collect and record information 
 only ; or it may be required to give an opinion also on 
 any proposed question, or as to the origin or cause of 
 certain existing facts or circumstances. Specific instruc- 
 tions on these points are, however, always to be given to 
 the Court. The proceedings are to be recorded in writing, 
 as far as practicable in the form prescribed for Courts 
 Martial, signed by each member, and forwarded to the 
 convening authority by the President. The foregoing 
 applies equally to a Board of Officers assembled by a 
 Commanding Officer. 
 
 A Court of Inquiry or Board of Officers may consist of 
 any number of members, but the composition of such 
 Courts or Boards must be regulated, at the discretion of 
 the convening Officer, by the circumstances under which 
 they are assembled. Three members, the senior acting 
 as president, will in ordinary cases be found sufficient. 
 
 Medical Officers are exempted fron serving as members 
 of Courts of Inquiry or BoLrds, except medical boards. 
 Should a medical opinion be required by a military board, 
 reference is to be made to the medical Officer detailed to 
 
fl 
 
 COURTS MARTIAL, ETC. 
 
 119 
 
 attend it, who will furnish his report in writing, or give 
 evidence in person if considered necessary. 
 
 Courts of Inquiry, as a general rule, sit with closed doors, 
 but they may be either open or closed according to the 
 nature of the investigation, or as may be directed by the 
 convening Officer. The accused party should be present 
 and may either answer or refuse to answer any question 
 put to him, or may avail himself of the opportunity to 
 explain any particular act, or any part of his conduct on 
 which an imputation prejudicial to him may have arisen. 
 He cannot claim permission to ask any question, to pro- 
 duce any testimony nor has he any right to insist on the 
 attendance of counsel. It is not usual to permit the pres- 
 ence of a professional adviser before Courts of Inquiry. 
 
 The rank of the Officers comprising the Court should 
 be equal or superior to that of the Officer whose conduct 
 or character may be implicated in the investigation. 
 
 If the members cannot agree on an opinion collectively, 
 any dissenting member should state in writing the nature 
 and extent oi the difference, or give his opinion in writing 
 to the President for transmission with the proceedings. 
 
 CIVIL COURTS. 
 
 The undernamed offences are punishable by Civil Courts : 
 
 1. Failing to keep Arms, &c., in order. 
 
 2. Refusing to deliver up Arms, &c. 
 
 3. Unlawfully disposing of Arms, &c. 
 
 4. Refusing to attend Drill. 
 
 5. Disobeying Orders. 
 
 6. Disorderly behaviour. 
 
 7. Refusing to aid the Civil power when lawfully 
 
 called upon. 
 
 8. Personating another on Parade. 
 
 9. Refusing to give information, or giving false,inlbrjna- 
 
 tion. /t-^^/c 
 
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720 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Powp:rs of A Commanding Officer. 
 
 A Commanding Officer cannot award summarily more 
 than seven days' imprisonment, with or without hard 
 labour, except in case of absence without leave, when he 
 may award twenty-one days as a maximum ; but if the 
 award is for more than seven days, it must not exceed the 
 number which the offender was absent. He may order 
 deductions of pay for absence without leave, loss or 
 damage to equipment, &c., and fines for drunkenness; in 
 the case of absence without leave, deductions to the 
 amount of all the offender's ordinary pay may be made, 
 except one penny per day, and the fine for drunken- 
 ness cannot exceed ten shillings sterling in addition to 
 imprisonment. 
 
 He may award confinement to barracks for any 
 period not exceeding twenty-eight days, which carries 
 with it punishment drill to the extent of fourteen days, 
 the taking of all duties in regular turn, attending parades, 
 and being further liable to be employed in duties of 
 fatigue. 
 
 Extra Guards or Picquets may also be ordered, but 
 only for minor offences or irregularities when on or 
 parading for these duties. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 Crime. 
 
 A Commanding Officer cannot pay too much attention 
 to the prevention of crime, but he should bear in mind 
 that the positive absence of crime, and not its screened 
 existence, is the criterion of a well-established discipline. 
 In all first offences, not of an aggravated character, mild 
 
TTB 
 
 CRIME. 
 
 121 
 
 reproof and admonition should be tried, and punishment 
 not resorted to until a repetition of the offence shall have 
 shown that the milder treatment has not been productive 
 of the desired effect. 
 
 Commanding Officers should use their utmost vigilance 
 to prevent the Officers, Non-commissioned Officers and 
 men publishing information relative to the numbers, 
 movements, or operations of troops, or any military de- 
 tails ; nor should they permit any letters of complaint to 
 be published, or memorials or requisitions to be made 
 without their consent ; any Officer or soldier should be 
 held personally responsible for reports of this kind which 
 he may make without special permission, or for placing 
 the information beyond his control, so that it finds its way 
 into unauthorized hands. Officers and soldiers should be 
 forbidden to give publicity to their individual opinions, in 
 any manner tending to prejudge questions that may at the 
 time be undergoing official investigation by the authorities. 
 
 No assemblage of Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, 
 or men should ever take place for the purpose of deliber- 
 ating on any military matter without the consent of the 
 Commanding Officer. 
 
 Neither Officers nor men should be permitted to take 
 part in any political, religious, or party demonstration. 
 
 Commanding Officers may, at their option, delegate to 
 Officers commanding companies the power of awarding 
 punishments to soldiers for minor offences, not exceeding 
 seven days' confinement to barracks or camp ; such pun- 
 ishments in all instances to be brought under the notice of 
 the Commanding Officer, and approved of by him. 
 
 Officers should avoid reproving Non-commissioned Offi- 
 cers for any irregularity, neglect of duty, or awkwardness, 
 in the presence or hearing of the privates, lest they should 
 weaken their authority and lessen their self-respect — 
 unless it be necessary for the benefit of example that the 
 reproof be public. 
 
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 122 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 An Officer under close arrest should not be allowed to 
 leave his quarters, If he be in arrest at large he may be 
 permitted by superior authority to take exercise within 
 defined limits, viz.; not beyond the barracks, or if in 
 camp, not beyond the quarter guard, and then only at 
 stated periods ; but he should not be allowed to dine at 
 his own or any other mess, nor to appear at any place of 
 amusement or public resort, and on no pretext to quit his 
 room or tent dressed otherwise than in uniform, without 
 his sash, pouch belt, or sword. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers should not be subjected to 
 minor punishments; when it is necessary to confine them 
 for any offence, they should be placed under arrest, and 
 not sent as prisoners to the guard-room, except in extreme 
 cases, when it is necessary to ensure their safe custody; 
 nor should they be allowed by resigning to escape trial by 
 Court Martial, except by the special sanction of the General 
 Officer commanding. 
 
 Soldiers committing minor otfences, such as absence 
 from tattoo and other roll-calls, overstaying a pass, or 
 slight irregularities in quarters, should not be lodged in 
 the guard room before their cases are disposed of by the 
 Commanding Officer. If returning sober after tattoo, 
 they may be allowed to proceed to their rooms, but their 
 names and the exact hour of their return to quarters 
 should be noted in the Guard or Orderly Officer's report 
 and a report made to the Officer commanding their com- 
 pany. They should not, however, be allowed out of the 
 quarters until their cases have been disposed of, and should 
 attend all parades, but not be detailed for any duty. 
 
 If a soldier refuse to obey an order distinctly given, or 
 resist the authority of a Non-commissioned Officer, he 
 should be confined without altercation, and immediately 
 reported to the Officer commanding his company or to 
 the Adjutant, When a Non-commissioned Officer has 
 
CRIME. 
 
 123 
 
 lowed tO' 
 may be 
 
 e within 
 
 or if in 
 only at 
 dine at 
 
 place of 
 > quit his 
 
 without 
 
 ected to 
 ne them 
 'est, and 
 extreme 
 custody; 
 ; trial by 
 General 
 
 absence 
 pass, or 
 3dged in 
 " by the 
 
 tattoo, 
 at their 
 [uarters 
 ' report 
 ir com- 
 
 of the 
 should 
 
 • 
 
 ^en, or 
 :er, he 
 diately 
 or to 
 jr has 
 
 occasion to confine a soldier for any offence, he should 
 invariably obtain the assistance of one or more privates ta 
 conduct the offender to the guard-room, and should him- 
 self avoid in any way coming in contact with him— except 
 under unavoidable circumstances. 
 
 There is no case in which Ofl&cers should be more par- 
 ticular than in their treatment of men when under the 
 influence of liquor, and they should also be most particular 
 with their Non-commissioned Officers on the same point. 
 Men observed in a state of drunkenness should be imme- 
 diately confined. 
 
 Soldiers in a state of drunkenness should, if possible, 
 be confined alone, in the prisoners' room or cells, 
 until sober — not in the guard-room, where they may be 
 often provoked to acts of violence and insubordination ; 
 they should be visited at least every two hours by a Non- 
 commissioned Officer of the guard and an escort, in order 
 that their condition may be ascertained. Should any 
 symptoms of serious illness be observed, a medical officer 
 is forthwith to be sent for. Soldiers suspected of being 
 drunk should not be put through any drill exercise, or 
 otherwise tested, for the purpose of ascertaining their 
 condition. 
 
 In cases of drunkenness the offender should be released 
 by the Commanding Officer only. 
 
 When a soldier, either before the investigation of an 
 offence, or whilst undergoing punishment, has been de- 
 prived of his arms, they should not be restored to him 
 without an order from the Captain of his company, or 
 other superior Officer. 
 
 No Non-commissioned Officer or soldier who has been 
 placed in arrest or confinement should be permitted to 
 perform any duty (except carrying his own arms and 
 accoutrements in marching) until his case is disposed of. 
 If, however, by error, such an offender has been permitted 
 
 I 
 
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 SI,; 
 
 i I ^ ' 
 
 
124 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 to perform any duty, he should not thereby be absolved 
 from liability to punishment for his offence, but may, if 
 the proper authority shall think fit, be-summarily punished, 
 or be brought to trial before a Court Martial, according to 
 the circumstances of the case. 
 
 -• Defaulters should not be required to undergo any por- 
 tion of their punishment which may have lapsed by reason 
 of their being in hospital or employed on duty. 
 
 All gambling in quarters shoul'd be strictly forbidden. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers have authority to confine a 
 soldier in the Guard room for an offence, but an immediate 
 report should be made by them to the Officer commanding 
 his company ; they have no power or authority to order 
 any punishment whatever. 
 
 Should the nature of the crime be such as to allow the 
 Captain to deal with it, he will write the punishment 
 awarded on the Crime report (Form 27), which should 
 then be given to th " Commander of the Guard, in order 
 that he may enter both crime and punishment in the 
 Guard report. 
 
 In case the Captain does not award punishment himself, 
 the report should at once be sent to the Commander of 
 the Guard as his authority for detciining the prisoner ; but 
 the absence of a Crime report does not authorize Com- 
 manders of Guards refusing to receive prisoners nor to 
 release them without competent authority. 
 
 Notice of a man's being confined should also be reported 
 to the Orderly Sergeant of his company, either verbally 
 or in writing, without delay, stating the nature of the 
 crime, and the names of evidences in support of the 
 charge. 
 
 When a prisoner is brought bisfore the Commanding 
 Officer, the Officer commanding his company should 
 attend with the Defaulters sheet, being ready to speak 
 as to character ; the Pay and Orderly Sergeants of his 
 
CRIME. 
 
 125 
 
 company should also be present, whether they are evidence 
 or not, to answer for his kit, &c. 
 
 The Adjutant should attend the investigation of all 
 crimes or complaints by the Commanding Officer. 
 
 All prisoners previous to being brought before the 
 Commanding Officer, should be taken to Hospital at 
 the morning visit of the Surgeon, who should certify their 
 state of health (Form 29). This report should be made 
 out by the Non-commissioned Officer in charge of the 
 Guard, who should also have the prisoners marched 
 to hospital under sufficient escort. The report should 
 be sent to the Orderly room, after the performance of the 
 duty. 
 
 The punishment awarded to men who have been con- 
 fined and are brought before the Commanding Officer 
 should be entered on the back of the copy of the Crime 
 in his own hand-writing ; also, entries should be made 
 by him in the Regimental Defaulter book. The reversion 
 of Colour-Sergeants to the rank of Sergeant, by award of 
 the Commanding Officer, or the deprivation of Lance- 
 Sergeants or Lance-Corporals of their acting rank, are 
 not circumstances of themselves to be recorded in the 
 Regimental Defaulter book, but should be entered in the 
 Company Defaulter book. 
 
 Prisoners should not be kept in confinement for a longer 
 period than forty-eight hours, without having their cases 
 disposed of, unless it be preparatory to bringing them 
 before a Court Martial. 
 
 Whenever a prisoner has been in the Guard room three 
 days, he should have two. hours walking exercise daily. 
 
 The greatest regularity and respectful demeanour 
 should be observed by Officers and others whilst the 
 Commanding Officer is administering justice in the 
 Orderly room. 
 
 When a Non-commissioned Officer is brought in a 
 
 fi'm 
 
125 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 prisoner before the Commanding Officer, men of inferior 
 rank to him should withdraw. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers should invariably take the 
 soldiers they may have to complain of before the Officer 
 of the company, and never on any account make a report 
 of a man behind his back ; nor should an Officer ever 
 award a punishment, however trifling, without having 
 inquired into the complaint. And although every exer- 
 tion should be used to enforce the greatest respect and 
 obedience to the Non-commissioned Officers, they should 
 not be encouraged in making frivolous complaints against 
 the men, which will sometimes occur from private pique 
 or dislike. 
 
 Colour or Pay Sergeants should, on the return of a 
 deserter, or man absent without leave, immediately pro- 
 ceed to the Guard room, and minutely inspect the clothing 
 he has in wear, and ascertain if any portion is regimental- 
 Also, when a man is confined for being drunk, his kit 
 should be inspected by the Pay Sergeant and Orderly 
 Sergeant of his company previous to his crime being 
 made out ; and in the event of any article being deficient, 
 the same should form part of the charge against him. 
 
 Guard room cells are for the temporary custody of 
 prisoners who should be kept alone. When a soldier is 
 confined for being drunk or riotous, he should be con- 
 veyed direct to the cells, the Non-commissioned Officer of 
 the Guard being called to receive him in charge. The 
 practice of sending a file of the Guard to take a prisoner 
 from his quarters to the Guard room, should not be 
 resorted to, except when there are no other men nearer at 
 hand available for the purpose. The cells should be 
 cleaned out by the prisoners every morning. 
 
 Great coats for prisoners should be sent at retreat, by the 
 Corporal of the squad to which the prisoner belongs, to 
 the Guard room, and removed after reveille the following 
 
I n 
 
 CRIME. 
 
 127 
 
 iferior 
 
 morning. He should also have shaving and cleaning 
 materials sent as well as meals p.nd a change of clothes 
 in the morning, for a prisoner of his squad. 
 
 Prisoners should not be allowed to have their new 
 clothing in the Guard room, but only their oldest fatigue 
 dress, and but one suit at a time ; they should not be 
 allowed to have money or tobacco. Every care should be 
 taken that no one holds communication with them, except 
 on duty ; the men of the Guard and the sentries should 
 particularly be enjoined not to enter into conversation 
 with them, nor should anything be given to them, even 
 meals or clothes, except in the presence of a Non-commis- 
 :sioned Ofl&cer of the Guard. 
 
 A prisoner can only be released from the Guard room 
 by the Officer commanding his Company, or by the 
 Adjutant. The reason for the prisoner being released 
 should be sent to the Orderly Room, in writing, before 
 parade the next morning. 
 
 Whenever a soldier appears in a Civil Court, either as 
 a prosecutor or prisoner, an Officer of his company should 
 invariably attend during the proceedings. 
 
 Mil 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 Complaints. 
 
 If Officers, Non-commissioned Officers or men, whether 
 'On actual service or otherwise, have any complaint or 
 accusation to bring against a superior or other Officer, 
 such complaint should be forwarded through the com- 
 plainant's Commanding Officer, who should transmit the 
 same with his remarks through the Deputy- Adjutant- 
 General commanding the District, for consideration at 
 Headquarters, if necessary. They are not permitted to 
 .bring accusations against superior Officers or comrades 
 
128 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 before the tribunal of public opinion, either by speeches or 
 letters inserted in any newspaper ; such a proceeding is a 
 glaring violation of the rules of military discipline, and 
 contempt of authority. 
 
 One of the fundamental and most necessary rules of 
 military discipline is to forbid anything bearing the appear- 
 ance of combination, to obtain redress of grievances, 
 among individuals composing a military force. If Officers 
 or men, whether on actual service or otherwise, have 
 any grievance, their complaint should be laid before their 
 Commanding Officer in respectful language, each indi- 
 vidual speaking for himself alone. Appeals for redress 
 by "round robins," or by means ot any document bearing 
 the signature of more than one complainant, are strictly 
 forbidden. 
 
 A Non-commissioned Officer or soldier having a com- 
 plaint should make it to the Officer in charge of his 
 Company. The proper course is for the soldier to apply 
 to the Colour Sergeant, who may either accompany the 
 man himself to his Officer, or direct the Orderly Sergeant 
 to do so. The same rule should be observed when there 
 is a favour to ask. This course does not prevent a soldier 
 from asking the privilege of speaking privately with the 
 Officer when brought before him. 
 
 It is the duty of all Officers when receiving complaints 
 for transmission for the consideration of superior authority, 
 to point out to the parties concerned any irregularity in 
 the means they employ in seeking redress, and to refuse 
 to forward any representations that may be subversive of, 
 or contrary to, the general rules by which all military 
 bodies are governed. 
 
 In hearing complaints or statements, etc., of Non-com- 
 missioned Officers or men, Officers should invariably 
 have another Officer present as a witness to all that 
 passes. 
 
 Complai 
 should not 
 allowed to 
 and men 
 Officer CO 
 unable to 
 Command 
 in the .;^.at 
 declares h 
 he may th 
 Command 
 recourse a 
 be forwar 
 pany to t 
 higher au 
 A sold 
 under the 
 of tempci 
 any purp< 
 A soldi 
 duty may 
 Officer; 
 can be n 
 and after 
 No ap 
 the civil 
 the Com 
 tion. 
 
 A No 
 be kept 
 all Def 
 
1 
 
 COMPLAINTS. 
 
 129 
 
 Complaints, etc., of Non-commissioned Officers or men 
 should not, except in cases of unavoidable necessity, be 
 allowed to be put in writing ; Non-commissioned Officers 
 and men should make their statements verbally to the 
 Officer commanding their Company, who, should he be 
 unable to deal with the matter, will lay it before the 
 Commanding Officer; or, if a Captain declines to decide 
 in the .:-.atter of complaint brought before him, or a soldier 
 declares himself dissatisfied with the Officer's judgment, 
 he may then request his case to be brought before the 
 Commanding Officer. If still dissatisfied, he then has 
 recourse as above stated ; but his appeal must invariably 
 be forwarded through the Officer commanding his Com- 
 pany to the Commanding Officer, for transmission to any 
 higher authority. 
 
 A soldier having the slightest appearance of being 
 under the influence of liquor, or seeming excited or out 
 of temper, should never be taken before an Officer for 
 any purpose whatever. 
 
 A soldier who considers himself improperly warned for 
 duty may respectfully remark so to the Non-commissioned 
 Officer ; but if the latter still adheres to his warning, there 
 can be no further altercation ; the duty should be done, 
 and afterwards reported by the aggrieved party. 
 
 No application or complaint should ever be made to 
 the civil power in any regimental matter, except through 
 the Commanding Officer of the Regiment, or by his sanc- 
 tion. 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 Defaulters. 
 
 A Non-commissioned Officer should, if hecan be spared, 
 be kept off duty for the week to take charge of and drill 
 all Defaulters; otherwise the Regimental Orderly Sergeant 
 
 9 
 
 ^ 
 
 r- 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 k 
 
I 
 
 130 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 or Corporal must do it. He should be held strictly re- 
 sponsible that they attend such drills as are ordered, that 
 they turn out clean and regular in every respect, and that 
 the drill is conducted as correctly as if under the Adjutant 
 or Sergeant-Major. The Non-commissioned Officers in 
 charge of the Defaulters should inspect the necessaries 
 of the Defaulters at every drill previous to dismissal, re- 
 porting all irregularities to the Sergeant Major. 
 
 He should admit no Defaulter into his squad, whose 
 name (as such) he has not received from the Regimental 
 Orderly Sergeant. 
 
 The Sergeant of the Guard should direct the Orderly 
 Bugler to sound for Defaulters at uncertain times, and on 
 a general average of once an hour,, between reveille and 
 tattoo. The first call should not be earlier than half an 
 hour after reveille, and the last at the warning bugle for 
 tattoo. Defaulters should not be called at a time when 
 they are supposed to be in their Barrack rooms, such as 
 about meal hours, etc. 
 
 On all occasions of Defaulters answering their names, 
 they should be clean and properly dressed in fatigue 
 ■dress. Orderly men of rooms and Company cooks, if 
 confined to Barracks as a punishment, should be exempt 
 from answering their names at Defaulters' roll call, except 
 between retreat and tattoo. 
 
 When not on fatigue or parade they turn out for 
 punishment drill in " Marching Order." At other parades 
 they should be dressed the same as the rest of the men. 
 Men with disfigured faces or black eyes should be con- 
 fined to quarters till they are perfectly recovered. 
 
 Punishment drill, which consists of marching only, 
 and not of instruction drill, should not exceed one 
 hotir at a time, exclusive of the inspection of necessaries 
 before and after, nor more than four hours in th«; same day. 
 
Part IV.— Dress 
 
 SECTION I. 
 Officers. 
 
 Officers must, by the Militia regulations, provide their 
 own uniforms, arms, and accoutrements, within three 
 months after the date of their appointment or promotion) 
 and in the case of mounted Officers, suitable saddlery for 
 their horses in addition. Medical Officers having the 
 relative rank of Field Officer are to provide themselves 
 with chargers and horse furniture, and to be mounted 
 when required to attend parade. 
 
 Commanding Officers of corps are strictly forbidden to 
 introduce or sanction any unauthorized embroidery, 
 or ornament, or the ?.ddition to or increase in the descrip- 
 tion or width of lace or ot'"^r deviation from the approved 
 patterns. 
 
 The rank of Officers in the Militia is indicated by the 
 lace and badges on their cuffs, collars, &c., &c., as laid 
 down in the " Dress Regulations." 
 
 All Regimental Badges and devices, and other peculiar 
 distinctions, which may have been granted under special 
 authority to different corps, are to be strictly preserved. 
 
 Officers in uniform, when in mouruing or attendii.^. 
 funerals, are to wear . p see of black crape round the Itft 
 arm above the elbow : no other sign of mourning is to be 
 worn at any time, unlei:: otherwise specially ordered. 
 
 Officers assumirs^ prf^minent positions at military 
 reviews, and upon all occasions of State or ceremony, 
 should appear in the full dress of their rank. They are 
 
132 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 not to appear mounted unless entitled to do so by reason 
 of their rank or position. 
 
 Brevet Field Officers, doing duty with their corps as 
 Captains, are to wear uniforms according to their rank in 
 the Militia ; in the Infantry, however, such Officers will 
 not wear spurs on parade, except when doing duty as 
 Field Officers. 
 
 The following general rules are to be observe I as to 
 the manner and times of wearing certain articles of 
 uniform, viz : — 
 
 a. The Sash is to be worn diagonally over the left 
 shoulder and over the sword belt, with the tunic only. 
 
 b. The Pouch-belt is to be worn diagonally over the left 
 shoulder. 
 
 c. The Sword-belt will be worn as follows, viz. :— Over 
 the tunic by Officers of Infantry, under the tunic by 
 Officers of Rifle Regiments, and under all jackets. 
 
 d. When the Sword-belt is worn over the tunic, and the 
 sword is hooked up, the edge mus**- be turned to the rear, 
 and the back of the sword to the iront. Swords are to be 
 hooked up during parade, and at Levees and Drawing- 
 rooms, by Officers who wear the waist-belt over the tuni''., 
 sword-knots to be twisted round the hilt. The sword-belt 
 is never worn without the sword. 
 
 e. When Officers dismounted draw their swords, the 
 scabbards are to be hooked up by Officers who wear the 
 waist-belt over the tunic, but carried in the left hanc': by 
 all other Officers. 
 
 /. The Sabretache is to be worn on mounted duties o'llv. 
 In the field the Sabretache may be worr. on the belt or 
 attached to the saddle, by monr^^^d Officers of Infantry 
 and Rifles. 
 
 g. Steel spurs, both fixed and with straps and buckles, 
 are to be worn with the Wellington and high-boot 
 respectively, by all mounted Officers, except those entitled 
 
DRESS OF OFFICERS. 
 
 133 
 
 Jason 
 
 >s as 
 
 ik in 
 
 will 
 
 fty as 
 
 by 
 
 to wear brass scabbards, who will have brass spurs. 
 Dress spurs (of brass) are to be worn by all mounted 
 Officers — except Adjutants and Musketry-instructors of 
 Infantry and Officers of Rifle regiments —at Levees and in 
 evening dress. 
 
 h. Whenever spurs are worn with trousers, straps are 
 to be worn also. 
 
 . i. The sleeves of the tunic and jacket are not to be 
 of excessive width. 
 
 k. Watch-chains and trinkets are not to be worn outside 
 the uniform. 
 
 /. Shirt collars are on no account to be worn, either in 
 dress or undress, except when shell jackets are worn open. 
 
 m. The dress sash, trousers, and sword-belt are 
 appointed to be worn at Levees, Drawing-rooms, Balls, &c., 
 but not on any parade unless especially ordered. 
 
 The following orders of dress for parade should be 
 observed by Officers : — 
 
 Review Order. — To be worn when the Sovereign or Her 
 representative is present, for Royal Escorts and Guards 
 of honour, at all State ceremonies, and otherwise when 
 specially ordered — Full dress ; horse-furniture for mounted 
 Officers, complete. 
 
 Marching Order. — To be worn on the line of march, 
 at route marching, in the field and on other occasions 
 when specially ordered — Same as in " Review Order " ; 
 horse-furniture for mounted Officers, without saddle-cloth 
 or shabraque. 
 
 Field-day Order. — Used generally for field-days, divisi*. lal 
 and brigade drills, and on other occasions when specially 
 ordered — Same as " Marching Order." 
 
 Drill Order. — To be used at ordinary drills — Undress 
 (patrol jacket) ; horse-furniture — Same as " Marching 
 Order." 
 
 Mess Order. — To be worn at mess on all ordinary occa- 
 
 iii 
 
 ,. 
 
 ( ! 
 
 
134 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 sions when not on duty — Shell-jacket, waistcoat, and red- 
 stripe trousers. Officers who wear mess waistcoats open 
 in front should wear white collars and black neck-ties; 
 Mounted Officers to wear spurs, the Orderly Officers 
 v ' "le jacket hooked up (with pouch belt in Rifle 
 Re^ tits) and swords. 
 
 Divine Service Order. — Same as " Review Order." 
 Officers should appear in " Review Order " on Guards^ 
 General and District Courts Martiil ; in " Drill Order" on 
 Regimental Courts Martial, Courts of Inquiry and Boards, 
 and Orderly duty. 
 
 Collar-chains to be carried by mounted Officers in all 
 orders of parade. On active service and when encamped ^ 
 head-ropes should be carried. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers and Men. 
 
 Nothing has a more unmilitary appearance, or shows 
 more an utter want of attention to the first rules of mili- 
 tary service, than for Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, 
 or men, to smoke, when in uniform, in the streets or other 
 public places. 
 
 The only times at which smoking in uniform should be 
 permitted, is when marching at ease on the line of march ; 
 at field-days, when regiments break off for rest and refresh- 
 ment ; when on rifle ranges; or when travelling by trains, 
 steamers, etc. 
 
 The dress and appearance as well as the demeanour of 
 soldiers should on all occasions, and in all situations, be 
 such as to create a respect for the military service. Offi- 
 cers of all grades cannot too forcibly point out to those 
 under their command the great impropriety of appearing 
 in the streets or other public places partially dressed in 
 
? 
 
 DRESS OF NON-COM'D OFFICERS AND MEN. 
 
 135 
 
 i :i 
 
 uniform and partially in plain clothes. All ranks should 
 be strictly prohibited from appearing in public otherwise 
 than properly and completely dressed in uniform or 
 entirely in plain clothes. Officers should take care that 
 this be explained to, and forcibly impressed on, all under 
 their command, as this most unmilitary of habits is calcu- 
 lated in the extreme to bring discredit on, and lower the 
 respectability, of the Militia. Military great-coats should 
 never to be worn when in plain clothes. 
 
 No soldier should ever be seen beyond the precincts of 
 his barracks, or camp, improperly dressed; any man so 
 seen should be immediately confined. 
 
 The ordinary dress worn out of quarters should be 
 cloth or serge tunic, forage cap and waistbelt. Helmets 
 or busbies should be worn on Sundays. 
 
 Staff sergeants should wear their swords when walking 
 out, at other times their sword-belt only. 
 
 Sergeants only should be permitted to wear side-arms off 
 duty. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers and men on duty wear side- 
 arms, save men on fatigue. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers and men should sit down to 
 meals with tunics buttoned. 
 
 The carrying of bundles or baskets in the streets should 
 not be allowed, otherwise than in fatigue dress. 
 
 Plain clothes should only be allowed to be worn by 
 men employed at the Officers' mess, and by Officers' ser- 
 vants. 
 
 The helmets or busbies should not be worn on one 
 side but be placed even on the men's heads, and brought 
 well down on the forehead. The chin strap should be under 
 the chin, and not hooked up, except when marching at 
 ease. Cap-covers should not be worn on ordinary parades, 
 but may be worn on guard, or on the march, in wet 
 weather, and during night duties, at the discretion of the 
 Commanding Officer. 
 
 i 
 
136 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 The Water-bottle should hang over the left shoulder, 
 restinf^ on the right hip. 
 
 The Haversack should be worn slung across the 
 right shoulder. When empty it should be neatly rolled 
 up, and hang over the bayonet, resting on the left hip. 
 
 The ]3ayonet should hang on the left hip, not too far 
 to the front. 
 
 The large Pouch should hang about four fingers below 
 .he rlbow; the small pouch or ball bag is worn in front, 
 on the right side. 
 
 Leggings should be worn on parade in wet weather, but 
 not when the men are off duty. 
 
 Plumes should be worn on parade at all times when the 
 Officers wear them. The plume cases are for the preser- 
 vation of the plumes when not in use. 
 
 The Great-coat should be folded at the back of the 
 knapsack, the top in a line with the collar of the tunic. 
 Width of the great-coat to be sixteen inches, depth eleven 
 inches. Space between straps from the outside of each to 
 be six inches. The upper edge of the Knapsack should be 
 on a level with the lower seam of the collar of the tunic, 
 and the straps worn over the shoulder straps. 
 
 Sergeants' sashes should be doubled longitudinally, and 
 passed over the right shoulder under the shoulder strap; the 
 runner to be level with the belt ; the ends of the tassels 
 level, and not to hang below the tunic. 
 
 Accoutrements should not be cleaned with jet or any 
 substance with a brittle surface, but with ordinary blacking. 
 
 No Non-commissioned Officer or man should alter any 
 part of his clothing or accoutrements without permis- 
 sion, or put any private mark upon the same, on his arms, 
 clothing, or equipment. By doing so he renders himself 
 liable to punishment, or make good the article so injured. 
 
 No alteration of clothing or accoutrements should be 
 permitted, except by a competent mechanic. All distinc- 
 
DRESS OF NON-COM'D OFFICERS AND MEN. 
 
 137 
 
 ilder. 
 
 the 
 
 •oiled 
 
 hip. 
 
 o far 
 
 ttions, whether of rank or good conduct, should be put on 
 by the Regimental Tailor, under the supervision of the 
 Quarter Master. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers are disi'mguishedhy chevrons. 
 Guards, Fusileer, Light Infantry, and Rifle Corps wear 
 them on both arms , other Infantry Corps on the right 
 arm only. 
 
 With tunics the chevrons are worn above the elbow 
 by all Non-commissioned Officers ; with great-coats and 
 mndress uniform Staff Sergeants wear them inverted just 
 above the wrist. 
 
 Pioneers are distinguished by crossed axes worn on the 
 upper axm, the Non-commissioned Officer in charge 
 wearing them above his chevrons. 
 
 The Band wear wings or shells on the shoulders of 
 alternate stripes of the colours of uniform and facings. 
 Buglers wear a twisted cord on the back and sleeve 
 seams, also wings on the shoulders. 
 
 The chevrons and distinctive badges worn by the 
 several ranks are as follows : — 
 
 Lance Corporals — One stripe. 
 
 Corporals — Two stripes. 
 
 Sergeants — Three stripes. 
 
 Colour Sergeants of Infantry — Crossed Swords and 
 Colours, surmounted with a Crown. 
 
 Colour Sergeants of Rifles — Crossed Swords, surmounted 
 with a Crown within a wreath on right arm and three 
 stripes on left. 
 
 Orderly Room Clerk, 
 
 Armourer Sergeant, 
 
 Hospital Sergeant, 
 
 Paymaster's Clerk, 
 
 Drum Major — Four stripes and Drum. 
 
 Bugle Major — Four stripes and Crossed Bugles. 
 
 Sergeant Instructor of Musketry — Four stripes and 
 Crossed Rifles. 
 
 Three stripes. 
 
 J 
 
 II 
 
 : 
 
 I HI 
 
 1 
 
 li 
 
 f 
 
 ■ 
 
I 
 
 138 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Quarter Master Sergeant — Four stripes. 
 
 Band Master — Four stripes and Lyre. 
 
 Sergeant Major — Four stripes and Crown. 
 
 The chevrons of Infantry should be of white, on a 
 ground same colour as facings ; for Staff Sergeants, silver; 
 Rifles, of black, on a ground same colour as facings, 
 each stripe being one inch wide. 
 
 The following are the orders of dress for Non-commis- 
 sioned Officers and men, viz. : — 
 
 Review Order — Tunic, Helmet or Busby ; no packs or 
 valises unless specially ordered. 
 
 Marching Order — Tunic or Serge frock, Helmet or 
 Busby ; packs or valises ; complete kit and equipment. 
 
 Field Day Order — Tunic or Serge frock, Helmet or 
 Busby ; no packs or valises unless specially ordered. 
 
 Drill Order — Serge frock, Forage cap. 
 
 Divine Service Order — Same as Review order, without 
 Crossbelts for rank and file. 
 
 I' 
 
! I 
 
 or 
 
 PART V. 
 
 BOOKS & CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 Regimental Books. 
 
 The books to be kept in a Regiment, as laid down by 
 the Queen's Regulations, are only necessary when perma- 
 nently embodied for lengthened service. It will be seen 
 in describing them that such only as will be most useful 
 to the Militia, in their ordinary duties at home or in camp, 
 are noted. The entries made in them should be carefully 
 examined periodically by the Commanding Officer, and 
 the books produced at every inspection, and at such 
 other times as the Commanding Officer may think proper 
 to call for them. 
 
 GENERAL ORDER BOOK. 
 
 All General Orders, Regulations and Circular Letters 
 received from the Militia Department should be posted as 
 they are received, in the first instance, into a guard book ; 
 these documents are printed on sheets of uniform size, 
 with a margin, so as to admit of their being bound from 
 time to time in volumes of convenient size ; the volumes 
 being numbered, and having each an index, the original 
 orders and regulations received will form the regimental 
 records under this head, instead of manuscript copies. 
 
 An ordinary guard book of foolscap size will be found 
 sufficient to contain the General Orders of a Militia Regi- 
 ment for three or four years. 
 
 REGIMENTAL ORDER BOOK. 
 
 This book should consist of two parts, viz.; 
 
 ?li 
 
 1: 5 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
 If 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 . 
 
 1 j 
 
 '■i 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ?, 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 k. 
 
 
140 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Part I. — Of Temporary orders. 
 
 Part 2. — Of f Permanent orders. 
 
 In Part i, all General orders affecting the Regiment, 
 and orders issued by the Commanding Officer of the 
 District, Station, Brigade, etc., or by the Commanding 
 Officer of the Regiment, should be entered as they 
 are issued. At the commencement of each year these 
 entries should be reviewed, and such of the orders 
 (including the number and date) as shall appear to the 
 Commanding Officer necessary to be retained should be 
 transcribed into Part 2 ; after these extracts have been 
 made. Part i may be destroyed in a few months. The 
 Permanent Book should have an index, containing the 
 date and purport of each order, the name of the Officer 
 by whom issued, and the page at which it is entered. It 
 may be considered as the "Standing Orders" of the 
 Regiment. 
 
 RECORD OF officers' SERVICES. 
 
 This should contain the names of the Officers of each rank 
 in the Regiment, showing the dates of their appointments- 
 their age, country, calling, date of their commissions, their 
 certificates of qualification, date of retirement, with par- 
 ticulars of their services (Form 30). 
 
 The Record of Officers' Services and Digest of the Ser- 
 vices of the Regiment may in the Militia be placed in 
 the one book, and in most corps will form a very interestmg 
 record. 
 
 DIGEST OF SERVICES OF THE REGIMENT, 
 
 An historical account should be kept in every corps 
 of its services, etc., stating the period and circumstances 
 of the original formation, the means by which it has from 
 time to time been recruited, the stations at which it has 
 been employed, and the period of its arrival at and depar- 
 ture from such stations. It should specify the military 
 
REGIMENTAL BOOKS. 
 
 141 
 
 .m\ 
 
 ent, 
 the 
 ding 
 they 
 hese 
 Irders 
 |o the 
 d be 
 been 
 The 
 the 
 ficer 
 It 
 ■ the 
 
 operations in which the Regiment has been engaged, and 
 record any achievement it may have performed, and 
 contain the names of any Officer, Non-commissioned 
 Officer, or private who may, in a peculiar manner, have 
 distinguished himself in action, or who may have been 
 killed or wounded by the enemy. The badges and devices 
 which the Regiment may have been permitted to bear, and 
 the causes on account of which such badges and devices, 
 or any other marks of distinction, were granted, should be 
 stated, and the dates of such permission being granted. 
 Any particular alteration in the clothing, arms, accoutre- 
 ments, colours, horse furniture, etc., should be recorded, 
 and a reference made to the dates of the orders under 
 which such alterations were made. The various altera- 
 tions which may be made iu the establishment, either by 
 augmentation or reduction, should also be stated in this 
 book. The entries should be made under the immediate 
 inspection of the Commanding Officer. 
 
 This record, as already suggested, may be placed under 
 the same cover with the Record of Officers' Services. 
 
 i:M 
 
 
 it : 
 
 I 
 
 sr 
 
 PORTFOLIO OF ATTESTATIONS. 
 
 In the regular service the attestatici; i^i deposited with 
 the Paymaster of the Regiment (or of the Brigade Depot 
 for Infantry of the line), and filed in the Portfolio of 
 Attestations, in numerical order, an alphabetical index of 
 the men's names being kept in each volume. 
 
 In place of the above it is recommended that a " Service 
 Book" be substituted for home service, being an alpha- 
 betical roll showing the name, age, height, calling, date 
 of enrolment, and date of discharge, with a column of 
 remarks giving promotions, services and character of each 
 man enrolled. The attestation form (No. i), referred to 
 under Enrolment, should be filed in the Orc'erly room for 
 reference. • ... 
 
142 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 
 LETTER BOOK 
 
 Should contain the entry of all official letters written by 
 the Commanding Officer, or under his direction, to the 
 Public departments, and to individuals on regimental 
 business, and contain an alphabetical index, with a separ- 
 ate index for the public departments. 
 
 It need not be preserved beyond three years after it is 
 completed, care being taken to keep copies of such letters 
 as may be likely to be required for reference. 
 
 A foolscap book for press cojiying of 500 p will be 
 
 found to last years, under ordinary circumstances, in the 
 Militia service. Such a book is absolutely necessary in 
 ever> well regulated corps. 
 
 RETUKN BOOK 
 
 Is for copies of all monthly and other returns transmitted 
 to Departments, or to the General Officers commanding. 
 They are to be kept together in a guard book, and may be 
 destroyed after the expiration of three years, with the 
 exception of such as the Commanding Officer may deem 
 it proper to retain. 
 
 REGISTER OF FURLOUGHS. 
 
 This is a register of all leaves of absence granted to 
 Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and men ; the Officers' 
 names being kept separate from the Non-commissioned 
 Officers' and privates'. The entries should be made in 
 alphabetical order, and show the name of the person to 
 whom leave of absence is granted, the period for which it 
 is granted, the particular place to which he has been 
 permitted to go, and to which any orders necessary to be 
 sent to him during his absence may be addressed ; the 
 date of his returning to duty, and a column for remarks. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF DESERTERS. 
 
 As accurate an account as possible of the deserters 
 
REGIMENTAL BOOKS. 
 
 H3 
 
 should be preserved, in order that they may be readily 
 identified when apprehended. 
 
 DEFAULTER HOOK. 
 
 This contains a sheet for every Non-commissioned Oflicer 
 and soldier, with his number and name at the head of 
 each sheet (Form 31), and the following punishments 
 should be entered therein, viz. : — 
 
 a. Every conviction by Court Martial or by a Court of 
 ordinary criminal jurisdiction, or by a Magistrate (involv- 
 ing imprisonment, or a fine in lieu thereof). 
 
 b. Every case of reduction of a Non-commissioned 
 Ofticer to the ranks for a crime — not^for inefficiency. 
 
 c. Every award of imprisonment ^by the Commanding 
 Officer. 
 
 d. Every award of deprivation of pay, fine for drunken- 
 ness, for any period exceeding seven days. 
 
 e. Confinement to barracks, exceeding seven days ; but, 
 when awarded for concealment of disease, the entry is to 
 be discretionary with the Commanding Oflicer. 
 
 A half-sheet, or two pages, should be allotted to every 
 man, the whole secured together in a guard book in 
 alphabetical order, but not bound in sheets, so that when 
 a soldier becomes non-effective by death, the record of his 
 misconduct, if any, may be destroyed. If the man be 
 transferred or removed to another Regiment, it is 
 invariably to be transferred with him (in blank if there 
 are no entries). If he be discharged as an invalid, it is 
 to be forwarded with his discharge documents. If he be 
 discharged for any other cause, it is to be preserved for 
 the full period within which such jsoldier on re-engaging 
 or re-enlisting is allowed to reckon former service. 
 
 officers' court martial book. 
 A guard book should be kept as a confidential document 
 
144 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 by the Commanding Officer of every Regiment, to contain 
 certified copies of all charges which may have been 
 prosecuted before Courts Martial on any of the Officers 
 therein serving, together with the finding and sentence In 
 each case, and minutes of the execution or remission of 
 all or any parts of such sentence. 
 
 COURT MARTIAL BOOK. 
 
 The Court Martial Book should contain copies of the 
 charges, findings and sentences of all Courts Martial; 
 such copies to be verified by the signature of the Com- 
 manding Officer. The original proceedings, signed by 
 the President and countersigned by the Commanding 
 Officer, should be kept by corps for one year after the 
 date of the prisoner's release from imprisonment, or, if 
 no imprisonment be awarded, from the date of trial. 
 
 DIARY OF PARADES. 
 
 A record of each parade, with details of the drill, number 
 present, etc. 
 
 CASUALTY BOOK. 
 
 A book is kept in the regular service at the head-quarters 
 of every Regiment in which all changes in the soldier's 
 service are inserted daily. 
 
 For all ordinary purposes in the Militia the " Service 
 Book '.' will be found to answer as a Casualty Book. 
 
 CRIME BOOK 
 
 Should contain the names of all men brought up before 
 the Commanding Officer, the crimes they have committed, 
 V ith the dates thereof, the names of the evidences against 
 them, and the punishment awarded. 
 
 HOSPITAL BOOK. 
 
 The Surgeon of each Regiment should keep an Admis- 
 sion and Discharge Book of all cases taken into Hospital 
 (Form 32;. 
 
REGIMENTAL BOOKS. 
 
 145 
 
 QUARTER MASTER S BOOKS. 
 
 In the Quarter-Master's branch the following mode has 
 been found to work very well in our Militia, and by it one 
 book can be made to answer for all ordinary purposes ; in 
 barracks or camp an account for rations, fuel, etc., should 
 also be kept, as well as a Letter Book at all times. 
 
 The Quarter-Master should keep an account with the 
 Department (Form 33), one with the Regiment (Form 34), 
 and another with each of the Companies, band, buglers, 
 pioneers, and staff-sergeants. 
 
 All " Issues " from the Quarter-Master's store should 
 be on requisitions from Officers commanding companies 
 (Form 35), countersigned by the Commanding Officer ; 
 and for all " Returns " a receipt should be given by the 
 Quarter-Master. 
 
 ^51' 
 
 V 
 
 :( 
 
 :* ■■ 
 
 in 
 
 it; 
 
 
 SECTION IL 
 
 Company Books. 
 
 Ill 
 111 
 
 ORDER BOOK. 
 
 This book should contain a copy of all Regimental and 
 other orders particularly affecting the Company, which are 
 to be read to the men. 
 
 Such a book should be in possession of every Company, 
 and the orders regularly copied into it from the Regimental 
 Order Book. 
 
 ROLL BOOK 
 
 Contains the names of the Non-commissioned Officers 
 and men of the Company, with columns ruled in which 
 their attendance at parades, and dates thereof, should 
 be carefully recorded in ink. 
 
 LEDGER. 
 
 On home or camp service a book should be Kept in 
 
 10 
 
146 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 place of the Ledger, containing a list of those receiving 
 drill or other pay, with the date, amount, and particulars 
 of the service 
 
 DEFAULTER BO K. 
 
 In the Company Defaulter book, all offences of what- 
 ever shade or denomination which a soldier may commit, 
 with the punishment awarded, should be regularly re- 
 corded in the handwriting of the Officer comn;ianding the 
 Company. It should be made with a screw back 
 and moveable leaves, and invariably be in possession 
 of the Officer commanding the Company, except on the 
 line of march, when it should be carried by the Colour 
 Sergeant. In the column for remarks should be written 
 the station where the offence was committed. The Com. 
 pany Defaulter book should be taken to the Orderly 
 room and checked over with the Regimental Defaultsr 
 book in the beginning of every month. 
 
 STORES BOOi: 
 
 Each Company should keep a Stores book, in which 
 all " Issues" from the Quarter-Master's store or " Returns" 
 thereto should be entered at once, with the date and any 
 particulars connected therewith. In this Book two 
 accounts should be kept : one with the Regimental store 
 (Form 36), the other with the individual men of the 
 Company (Form 37). 
 
 A page should be given to each man, and each " Issue" 
 made to him signed for and the date given ; when 
 " Returns" are made, the Officer or Non-commissioned 
 Officer receiving should sign for vhem in the presence 
 of the man returning them. When Rifles, Swords, Knap- 
 sacks, Haversacks, Great coats, &(.., are issued or returned, 
 the Regimental number of each '-hould be marked in their 
 respective columns. 
 
INDIVIDUAL BOOKS. 
 
 H7 
 
 \ : '»,:! 
 
 SECTION III. 
 Individual Books. 
 
 Every Officer and Non-commissioned Officer shuuld 
 have in his possession the latest editions of the following 
 books : — 
 
 I ield Exercise. 
 
 Rifle Exercises. 
 
 Militia Regulations and Orders. 
 
 Soldier's Pocket Book for Field Service. (Wolseley's). 
 
 Standing Orders of the Regiment. 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 Correspondence. 
 
 OFFICIAL. 
 
 All communications on matters in any way connected 
 with duty should be official. 
 
 Semi-official letters are applicable only to certain cases 
 of correspondence between superior military authorities ; 
 they are not considered confidential unless so marked. 
 
 Official correspondence and returns, intended for sub- 
 mission to the Adjutant General should be transmitted by 
 Deputy Adjutants General commanding Districts; and 
 not addressed by p(jrsonal name, but as follows : — 
 The idjutant General of Militia, 
 Head Quarters, 
 Ottawa. 
 Official letters and reports made to Deputy Adjutants 
 General and Brigade Majors, by Commanding Officers of 
 Corps, or other Officers within their respective districts, 
 should be addressed in like manner : — 
 
 The Deputy Adjutant General of Militia, 
 Military District No. 2, 
 
 Toronto. 
 Or, 
 
 The Brigade Major of Militia. 
 
148 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Officers, in affixing their names to official documents, 
 should specify under their signatures, which must be 
 legibly written, their rank, with the corps or department 
 to which they belong, and should be careful to maintain 
 the proper channel of communication in correspondence 
 with the Deputy Adjutant General in command of their 
 District, or with Head Quarters, whether in the actual 
 performance of duty or not, except under special circum- 
 stances where a direct reference may be necessary. Any 
 Officer who, on his own responsibility, transmits docu- 
 ments otherwise than through the proper channel, should 
 fully explain the causes which induce him to do so, and, 
 at the same time, forward copies for the information of 
 the authority through whom they should have passed in 
 regular course. 
 
 Letters should be addressed to the Brigade-Major of the 
 Division to which the corps may belong, for the informa- 
 tion of the Deputy Adjutant General of the District, by 
 whom, if necessary, they are to be transmitted to the 
 Adjutant General. 
 
 Officers not in command of corps, or subalterns, should 
 forward all their communications on Militia matters to 
 the Commanding Officer of their corps. 
 
 Official letters should contain full information of all 
 particulars upon the subject to which they relate ; each 
 letter should refer to one subject only, and be written 
 on foolscap paper, with a convenient {i.e., from half to 
 quarter) margin ; the margin to be left on the inner side 
 of each page. The paragraphs should be numbered, and 
 the enclosures (if any) described in the margin, or on a 
 separate schedule. As a general rule, when the letter 
 extends beyond one page, or is accompanied by enclosures, 
 it should be written on a whole sheet. The transmission 
 of unnecessary enclosures should be avoided ; and when 
 additional papers are forwarded, all blank fly leaves 
 should be removed from them. 
 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 149 
 
 W\ 
 
 Mere covering letters should not be used, as they add to 
 the bulk of documents without conveying any additional 
 ii/ 'lation. 
 
 I emoranda may, whenever practicable, be substituted 
 L- letters. The half sheet of foolscap on which they are 
 written should be folded in four divisions, as is the custom. 
 On the back of these divisions a second memorandum can 
 be written by the recipient in answer to it, or on forwarding 
 it on to some other Department. A sheet thus folded has 
 places for four memoranda on the back ; so that if it has 
 to go to that number of people, all they have to say on the 
 subject is on the one half sheet of foolscap. 
 
 Superior Officers and other intermediate authorities are 
 responsible for the correctness of what is set forth in 
 documents submitted by them. It is their duty to endeavour 
 to adjust all matters that come within the scope of their 
 authority; and, in transmitting applications or correspond- 
 ence to Headquarters, they should invariably state their 
 concurrence, or otherwise, adding such additional observa- 
 tions, based on local knowledge, as may be necessary to 
 enable the authorities to come to a final decision on the 
 question without further reference and correspondence. 
 
 Letters addressed to and received from Headquarters, 
 Ottawa, pass free from any charge for postage. 
 
 The following are forms of an application and a report : 
 
 Toronto, * * * i8 
 From Captain Allan, ♦ * * Regiment, 
 
 To the * * * 
 
 Sir, ~I have the honour to request that you will be pleased 
 to submit * * * . * * this my 
 
 application « ♦ ♦ 
 
 / have the honour to be, 
 Sir, 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 D. H. ALLAN, Captain, 
 The Officer Commanding * * Regiment. 
 
 * * Regiment, Toronto. 
 
 :i1 
 
 it. 
 
 if 
 
 ' f ]l> 
 
 
 ' 
 
 w ill 
 
I50 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Toronto, * * * i8 . 
 
 From Lieut. -Col. Arthurs, Commanding * * RegimnU. 
 To the * * 
 
 Sir, — / have the honour to report for the information of 
 the 
 
 I have the honour to be, 
 Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 WILLIAM ARTHURS, Lieut.-Col, 
 Commanding * * Regiment. 
 The Adjutant-General of Militia, 
 Ottawa. 
 
 
 Military correspondence should never be addressed to 
 an Officer by name, but to the designation of the function 
 he fulfils, thus : — 
 
 To the Officer Commanding 
 
 Regiment. 
 
 NOT 
 
 To Lieut.-Col. Arthurs, 
 Commanding * * Regiment. 
 
 Officers holding Brevet commissions should sign official 
 documents as under : — 
 
 SALTER M. JARVIS. 
 
 Major and Bt. Lt.-Col., 
 
 * * Regiment. 
 
 In all communications these Officers should be addressed 
 and described by their regimental rank and their rank in 
 force, thus : — Major and Bt. Lieut.-Col. Jarvis. 
 
 The word Brevet is usually abbreviated thus: — " Bt." 
 
 PRIVATE. 
 
 Private letters, etc., if addressed to Officers in their 
 military capacities, should be addressed as under : — 
 To Lieut. -Colonels, Brevet) » /-« i ^ r^u 
 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 151 
 
 To Majors. Brevet and Hon-, As Major Lee. ^ ^^^^^ 
 orary Majors ' * 
 
 To Captains and Honorary, •■ Captain Hammon^^^^ 
 Captains ' * 
 
 Lieutenants, Quartermasters.' 
 Medical Officers (other than 
 those of the degree of M. 
 D). 
 
 Hy.Kersteman, Esq., 
 
 * * Regiment. 
 
 M 
 
 ■I 
 
 
 ,f-'. \ 
 
PART VI. 
 
 MARCHES AND ENCAMPMENT 
 
 SECT ION I. 
 
 Marches. 
 
 There is no occasion on which the discipline of a Regi- 
 ment is more conspicuous, nor on which the attention and 
 vigilance of every Officer in maintaining order and regu- 
 larity are more especially requisite, than upon the line of 
 march. 
 
 Officers of all ranks should be sensible of the import- 
 ance of preserving the compact order of a column of 
 march, by not allowing irregular intervals, straggling, or 
 falling out, except during periodical halts; these should 
 be frequent, and at a distance from public houses. 
 
 It is most important that all marches should commence 
 as early in the morning as practicable. As a rule, troops 
 should move at day-break, and, in sultry weather, even 
 before day-break. The march need not then be hurried, 
 the proper halts may be observed, and the heat of the day 
 avoided. 
 
 Troops should begin with short marches, say six miles, 
 and then work up to thirteen miles per day, which should 
 not be exceeded unless a forced march be required ; two 
 and a half miles an hour can be accomplished by troops 
 without distress. 
 
 Advance and rear guards should always be formed ; the 
 latter is to bring up any man who may have fallen out, 
 and, if such soldier be unable to march, he should be 
 given in charge of a Corporal or steady man of the Com- 
 pany to which he belongs. The Commander of the rear 
 
MARCHES. 
 
 15^ 
 
 T 
 
 guard should make a report of all occurrences to the 
 Commander of the column at the end of each day's 
 march. 
 
 Men falling out for a short time should leave their arms 
 to be carried by the section to which they belong, and 
 straggling should be avoided, as it upsets all calculation 
 as to time. 
 
 A Regiment should move with as broad a front as the 
 ground will admit, as men suffer in warm weather from 
 dust and want of air when in close formation, and when 
 marching in fours, a column of tired men is indefinitely 
 lengthened. 
 
 On arriving at a bad piece of road, Officers should pre- 
 vent men from defiling individually. 
 
 On reaching a brook or bad piece of road, the front 
 should be increased for crossing. Defiles, or narrow 
 passes, should be crossed at the double, to prevent the 
 rear being retarded. 
 
 Music and singing should be kept up as much as possi- 
 ble, and when the band ceases playing the drums should 
 beat the cadence. 
 
 On the line of march an opportunity of washing the 
 feet should never be lost, and, when possible, name the 
 period of the halt ; if the feet are sore, bathe in tepid 
 water with alum at night ; if blistered, do not tear them, 
 but run needles through them with worsted thread, and 
 leave the thread in and cut off ends, and next day, before 
 marching, apply grease or soft soap. A lotion of whiskey 
 or rum and water is a good preventative of sore feet. 
 
 Loose the boot-laces at night when your boots cannot 
 be taken oft. 
 
 Never allow men to be idle, but let them see the work 
 they are doing is for their own good. 
 
 Want of food and exhaustion predispose to sunstroke ; 
 
 
 B i 
 
 1 
 
 if 
 
 ';?: 
 
154 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 in such a case, open the coat and throat, and keep a stream 
 of water on the patient's head till he is conscious. 
 
 Discourage men from drinking water largely on the 
 march, though the idea that danger may result therefrom 
 is obsolete, but the more you drink when hot the more 
 thirst will be felt. 
 
 Take men into camp cool, and advise them not to take 
 oflF their coats for half an hour, unless to bathe at once, 
 before getting cool. 
 
 BIVOUAC. 
 
 Troops encumbered with tents and baggage cannot 
 move with the rapidity required in modern warfare, and 
 in the case of pursuits and retreats, when no shelter can 
 be found, when near the enemy, and about to engage, they 
 must bivouac. 
 
 On arriving on the ground, a Corps should be shown 
 the position it is to occupy, and informed of the duties it 
 is to furnish. 
 
 Column is then formed, arms piled, the duties fur- 
 nished, and meals and shelter prepared ; the greater the 
 regularity and division of labour, the sooner the hour of 
 rest arrives. 
 
 Latrines should be made, as they are absolutely neces- 
 sary for the cleanliness of a camp, even for one day. 
 
 Fires are more necessary in a bivouac than in a camp, 
 and when allowed should generally occupy the position of 
 tents when camping. A few logs of wood, sods of grass 
 or turf, or stones piled up to windward, afford a fair 
 shelter ; or, if there be time and material, make a shelter 
 by driving forked sticks 4 or 6 feet long into the ground ; 
 rest a pole between them ; lay branches to windward, at 
 the angle of 45 "^ , end of branches upwards. 
 
 When lying on the ground, unless on soft sand, always 
 scrape out a hole for the hip-bone to rest in, and it will be 
 
MARCHES. 
 
 555 
 
 Stream 
 
 fomnd a good plan to club blankets, so that there may be 
 ©cue above and one below ; under any circumstances, dry 
 bashes, fern, grass, etc., should be cut to lie upon. Always 
 contrive something for a pillow; even a stone is better than 
 nothing. 
 Men should sleep in squads in rear of their arms. 
 
 On waking in the chill dawn, take a sharp run. 
 
 Hot tea or coffee and a biscuit at daylight should be 
 served without waiting for breakfast. 
 
 Working parties should never be left without Officers ; 
 for wnless men see their Officers interested in their labour 
 they become dispirited ; and, of all duties, soldiers most 
 dislike "fatigue" work. 
 
 Every facility consistent with safety should be given to 
 men to wash all over with cold water, and, if a bath 
 cannot be had, take off the clothing and shake it ; this alone 
 will give refreshment. 
 
 
 m 
 
 BAGGAGE. 
 
 Each Regiment should furnish its own Baggage Guard 
 en the line of march, and be responsible for the safety of 
 its baggage. The guard in a weak Regiment should not 
 exceed one Sergeant, one Corporal and ten privates ; it acts 
 under the orders of the Officer in charge of regimental 
 transport, by whom it is distributed along the column of 
 waggons as he may consider mo st advisable ; he makes them 
 accountable that nothing is taken off. The men of the 
 guard should never put their arms on the waggons, but 
 inarch by the sides with bayonets fixed. In the case of 
 hived transport, the Officer should be responsible that the 
 drivers and horses are not ill-used, and that nothing is 
 required of them to which they are not bound by law or 
 previous agreement. At night, when the baggage is not 
 unloaded, the waggons should be parked, so as to occupy 
 
 , If" 'I 
 
 I, 
 
 '■ 
 
156 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 as little space as possible, and placed under the charge of 
 sentries. 
 
 As a rule, the Officer's place is with the rear waggon. 
 
 The pace for all transport is a walk, even with empty 
 waggons ; if a waggon falls behind, it should regain its 
 proper position at the walk during the next halt. 
 
 If a load falls off, or a waggon breaks down, the whole 
 of the baggage should draw up on the near side of the 
 road, and the guard then repack the load or distribute it 
 amongst the others. 
 
 The articles which compose the baggage should be so 
 arranged that the weight of any one package in no case 
 exceeds 3 cwt.; that being the weight which four men can 
 load and unload without risk of sustaining personal injury. 
 The size of packages should not exceed 3 feet 6 inches in 
 length, 2 feet in width, and 2 feet 3 inches in depth. 
 
 Every chest, trunk, bale, or other article of public bag- 
 gage, belonging to the Regimental Store, Orderly Room, 
 Band, Officers' Mess, or the Hospital, should be distinctly 
 numbered and marked with paint ; and every article of 
 baggage belonging to individuals should ha^ • the rank, 
 name and corps of the owner legibb na^ :ed upon it. 
 
 TOLLS. 
 
 All troops, on duty or on the march, w th their horses 
 and baggage, all recruits marching by route, all prisoners 
 under military escort, and all carriages and horses 
 belonging to Her Majesty, or employed in her service, 
 when conveying any such persons as aforesaid, or their 
 baggage, or returning from conveying the same, are 
 exempted from payment of any duties and tolls on em- 
 barking or disembarking from or upon any pier, wharf, 
 quay, or landing place, or in passing along or over any 
 turnpike or other roads or bridges. 
 
MARCHES. 
 
 157 
 
 [charge of 
 
 Jaggon. 
 |th empty 
 pgain its. 
 
 Je whole 
 [e of the 
 fribute it 
 
 d be so 
 no case 
 
 nen can 
 
 I injury. 
 
 iches in 
 
 1. 
 
 ^lic bag- 
 Room, 
 stinctly 
 tide of 
 e rank, 
 it. 
 
 Worses 
 
 Joners 
 
 lorses 
 
 rvice, 
 
 their 
 
 are 
 
 em- 
 
 harf, 
 
 any 
 
 TRANSPORT OFFICER. 
 
 On the line of march, a Subaltern should be placed 
 in charge of the Regimental baggage, baggage guard, and 
 transport equipment, whose duty it should be to see that 
 the waggons are correctly loaded, under the superintend- 
 ence of the Quarter Master, that the horses are harnessed 
 and hooked in, and ready for marching at the proper 
 time, that the order of march is strictly carried out, that 
 no unauthorized loads are placed on the waggons, and 
 that stragglers do not mount them ; reporting both before 
 and at the end of the march to the Commanding Officer, 
 that everything is regular or otherwise. 
 
 He should also see that a list of stores is in each waggon. 
 
 TRANSPORT SERGEANT. 
 
 On the line of march a Sergeant should be appointed 
 to assist the Transport Officer, being selected for his 
 trustworthiness and general smartness in duty matters ; 
 he should be a fair horseman, and form part of a company's 
 establishment. 
 
 RAILWAY TRANSPORT. 
 
 A Regiment moving by railway should, on arriving at 
 the station, be halted, and the Companies told off according 
 to the number each car will contain, a proportion of Non- 
 commissioned Officers being allottef! to each party. 
 Pouches, bayonets, haversacks, &c., should l>e shifted to 
 the front of the body, and the companies then be marched 
 into their respective cars, at once taking their seats, and 
 holding their rifles between their knees, the Officers 
 remaining with their men, the Majors looking after their 
 respective Half Battalions, and the Adjutant the Band, 
 Buglers, and Pioneers. 
 
 When all is ready to start, the " advance " should be 
 sounded. No shouting, cheering, or playing on band 
 
 t 
 
 
 i 
 
158 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 instruments should be permitted whilst the train is leaving 
 or arriving at stations. 
 
 When away from the station the men should be allowed 
 to take off their accoutrements, &c., and make themselves 
 comfortable ; as soon as all ar .' in order the Oflficers cast 
 then be permitted to go to their own car. 
 
 Kifles should not be placed on the floor, but secorelj 
 fastened in an upright position. 
 
 Orderly Officers should be detailed whose duty it should 
 be to pass continually through the train to see that the 
 train orders are carried out. At stations they should 
 remain on the platform during the stoppage. 
 
 Bayonet sentries should be placed at each door wills 
 orders not to allow men to stand on the platform, nor lea\« 
 the train unless permitted to do so; during stoppages two 
 or more sentries should be placed outside each car ta 
 prevent liquor from being passed into the train. 
 
 If a long journey, the men .should, if piossible, be occa- 
 sionally allowed out of the trair to stretch their limbs; ojt 
 returning to the train rolls should be called and the 
 Companies reported as present or otherwise. 
 
 When nearing the destination the Officers should joiic 
 their companies ; on arrival the markers should first be 
 thrown out, but until the "fall in" is sounded neither 
 Officers nor men should be permitted to leave the train. 
 
 When a Corps leaves its own headquarters the Com- 
 manding Officer should send a " Marching out " State ta 
 the Staff Office' of his District and at the end of its 
 journey a " Marching in " State (Form 38). This forns 
 can be altered to suit both cases. 
 
 WATER TRANSPORT. 
 
 In moving by water, the Regiment should, if possibla 
 move on the steamer without halting (the Band ceasjiijj 
 playing on reaching the wharf), and the companies aJ 
 
MARCHES. 
 
 159 
 
 leaving 
 
 'lowed 
 
 iseJves 
 
 -rs cajt 
 
 icnvelj 
 
 once directed to their several stations, where they should 
 remain standing at ease until the steatner leaves the dock. 
 
 The Majors should specially superintend the embarka- 
 tion of their Half Battalions, the Adjutant, if not re- 
 quired by the Commanding Officer, looking after the 
 Band, etc. 
 
 On the steamer getting well away from the dock, arms 
 and accoutrements should be put carefully away, each 
 Company's being separate and distinct, and the men 
 then allowed to move about. 
 
 Orderly Officers and Non-commissioned Officers should 
 be detailed. Regimental and Company alarm posts named, 
 and all duties carried out as regularly as if on shore. 
 
 The Officers should constantly go among the men during 
 the journey, to attend to their wants and to enforce orderly 
 behaviour; during night journeys at least one Officer 
 per Company should always be up, in addition to the 
 Officer detailed for duty, and visit the men frequently. 
 The men should not be allowed to get off the steamer at 
 intermediate landing places, except by special permission. 
 
 On nearing its destination the Regiment should be 
 accoutred and fall in by Companies, and on arrival, after 
 the markers are thrown out, each Company marched 
 off the steamer on its markers. 
 
 The baggage should be placed under a guard, and sent 
 down before the Regiment, being put on the steamer in 
 advance of it, but not taken off until after it has disem- 
 barked. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Encampment. 
 
 A camp should be on dry ground, accessible from a 
 main road, with a good supply of water and fuel in its 
 vicinity, and within easy reach of all necessary supplies. 
 
 li 
 
 \'. 
 
 I 
 
 li 
 
 ! 1 
 
 i 
 
i6o 
 
 C/NADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 The means of passing freely through the camp with a 
 large front should bfe maintained. The camp should be 
 as compactly arranged as the above considerations permit. 
 
 The tents, bivouacs, or huts, should be disposed with a 
 view to the greatest amount of order, cleanliness, ventila- 
 tion and salubrity. 
 
 The tents of a Regiment should never be arranged in a 
 double line ; short single lines are best. The tents in line 
 should be separated from each other by a space at the 
 very least equal to a diameter and a half of a tent, and 
 the farther the lines can be conveniently placed from each 
 other the better ; if troops are at a distance from an enemy, 
 and are to remain some time in camp, and ground is avail- 
 able, the camp should be formed at double intervals. 
 
 Whenever troops remain in camp more than three days, 
 tents should be struck every two days. All arms, straw 
 and blankets should be removed from the ground covered 
 by the tents, and the ground swept clean with a 
 broom, or branches of trees, and left exposed to the sun 
 and wind. Blankets, clothes, etc., should be spread out 
 to air, and the tents roughly pitched in the intervals of the 
 camp with slack ropes, and the fly loose to allow it to be 
 well blown about. Tents should never be pitched for a 
 night in the intervals, as men invariably urinate around 
 them, and consequently pollute the ground. 
 
 Every morning, except when it rains, the sides of the 
 tents should be rolled up, and, previous to retiring for the 
 night, all the tent ropes should be slacked off a little, as 
 the rain or dew will tighten them enough to draw the 
 pegs, and strain, if not tear, the canvas. 
 
 As a rule, the doors of the tents should face the head of 
 the column, but this rule should never prevent their bemg 
 turned away from the prevailing wind. 
 
 Trenches should be dug round tents, and a drain should 
 connect these trenches, so that the water may not lodge in 
 
E.N'CAMPMENT. 
 
 I6l 
 
 them, but may run freely off. The first wet day after the 
 camp is formed Officers commanding Companies should 
 personally examine the ground on which their Companies 
 are encamped, and should see that the proper drains are 
 constructed ; half an hour's work on a wet day, when the 
 natural run of the water can be seen, w^ill do more to keep 
 the camp healthy than a day's labour in dry weather. 
 
 In encamping large bodies of troops, it is very desirable 
 that a sketch of the ground, no matter how rough, showing 
 the place to be occupied by each Corps, should be prepared 
 beforehand ; by this means the Officer charged with form- 
 ing the Encampment can, in a few minutes, place the whole 
 of the camp-colour men, so that when the Regiments 
 arrive they may proceed at once to the position assigned 
 to them. 
 
 PITCHING TENTS. 
 
 Whenever the nature of the ground will admit, the fol- 
 lowing mode will be observed in the formation of camps 
 by all Infantry Corps : The front of each camp to be 
 the same as the front of a Regiment when in line. 
 
 When a Regiment marches on to its ground, a portion 
 of the Advanced Guard, previously warned, immediately 
 takes possession of the spot where the Quarter Guard 
 tent is to be erected, and where a small camp colour 
 should have been already placed by the Quarter Master, 
 with the approval of the Commanding Officer ; and the 
 necessary number of sentries to cover the front of the 
 camp are then thrown out. At the same time a Rear 
 Guard, similarly warned, marches to the spot where the 
 camp Rear Guard is to be located. The Regiment should 
 be in column by the left, so that each Company stands 
 on the parade opposite the ground previously marked off 
 for its tents, by the Quarter Master. 
 
 The leading Company being at wheeling distance in rear 
 
 n 
 
 'A 
 
 if 
 
 ■ i/ 
 
l52 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 i 
 
 of the colour, the tents should be pitched in column, 
 to the reverse flank of each Company as it stands, and are 
 deposited near the several Companies. 
 
 A Regiment on the march should have all the men 
 warned for their several duties at the last halting place 
 before entering the camp ground. Until the tents are 
 pitched the Officers should not leave their Companies, nor 
 employ men for their own convenience. 
 
 The following parties should then be told off and 
 paraded by the Adjutant : 
 
 Cooking party — Two men per Company, under the 
 Sergeant Cook. 
 
 Latrine party — All the Pioneers who carry pick-axes 
 and shovels, and one man per Company. 
 
 Water party— One Non-commissioned Officer and two 
 men per Company, under a Sergeant. 
 
 Ration party — A Non-commissioned Officer and two 
 men per Company, or more if the Company is strong, 
 under the Quarter Master Sergeant. 
 
 Wood party — Two men, or more if requisite, and a 
 Non-commissioned Officer per Company. 
 
 The Sergeant Cook should select the place for the 
 kitchen, within the space marked out by the camp 
 colours, and make the kitchen as soon as the tools can 
 be procured. As will be seen by the diagram, (page 164) 
 Company cooking trenches should be dug between the 
 Officers' and men's tents. 
 
 The Corporal of Pioneers should at once begin the 
 latrines, it being essential that the ground be not fouled. 
 
 The Ration party, under the Quarter Master Sergeant, 
 vill go to the depot and receive the rations. 
 
 The Wood party will, if no fuel is issued, seek for and 
 bring it to the kitchens. 
 
 Each Company should then be told off in squads to 
 occupy the tents. The usual uumber is ten men and one . 
 
ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 163 
 
 Sergeant. The squad is subdivided as follows : Six tent 
 men, of which one is pole man, one bagman and remainder 
 peg men. 
 
 The Regiment now piles arms, takes off accoutrements, 
 etc., which are placed in ro\vs on the ground or hung on 
 the piles of arms. 
 
 Each Company should proceed as follows (say the Com- 
 pany is sixty men, and that six tents are required for it) : 
 
 The Captain gives the word, " Out, pole men." The 
 men told off as "pole men" to each tent fall in, in single 
 rank, so that the left-hand man rests on the alignment of 
 the pegs driven by the Quarter Master. 
 
 The command, " From the left — paces extend, " when 
 the pole men extend to — paces from each other ; each 
 man, except the left-hand man, turning towards the reverse 
 flank of the Company. 
 
 The Senior Major should then dress the left-hand pole 
 men from the left-hand man of the pole men of the leading 
 Company, so that they stand exactly on the alignment of 
 the colour placed by the Quarter Master, and give the word 
 " Steady," on which the Captain of each Company will 
 dress his own row of pole men from the left-hand man 
 (who has already been covere<:l by the Senior Major) 
 
 Pegs should then be driven exactly on the spots on 
 which the extended pole men stand ; these pegs mark 
 where the pole of each tent is to rest. 
 
 Each tent squad should bring up a tent, pegs, and pole 
 open the tent bag, and drive a peg between the heels of 
 the pole man, who then grasps the pole ; the tent should 
 then be opsned and phiced on the pole. If the tent has 
 Storm guys, they should be fixed, and the ends held by 
 four men ; if the tent has no storm guys, the four red 
 runners then are held each by a man ; the Non-commis- 
 sioned Officer seeing thit the door points the proper way, 
 and that the fly is hooked. On all being reported ready. 
 
 I: 
 
 I 
 
164 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 the bugle should sound one "G," and the whole be raised 
 at once, the guys fixed, and the pegging down completed. 
 
 The work is proceeded with in silence, Non-commissioned 
 Officers directing the men where to drive the pegs, &c. 
 In a few minutes the camp for the men should be com- 
 pleted. After which, and not before, fatigue parties may 
 be told off to pitch the Officers' tents. The Companies' 
 cooks, under the direction of the Quarter Master, having 
 selected a place for their kitchens, fatigue men collected 
 fuel, &c., the preparation of the meal is forthwith com- 
 menced. 
 
 Infantry Camp of 8 Companies of 60 Men Each. 
 
 I . 
 Latnne. 
 
 ■3 1 
 
 -a 
 
 •a 
 
 u 
 
 a- 
 
 Qr. Guard 
 
 160 yards. 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 Piles 
 
 20 
 
 of 
 
 20 
 
 Arms 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 I 
 Latrine. 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 20 I 20. 
 
 X 
 
 « - 
 
 ♦ * * 
 
 Privates' Tents. 
 
 i< ♦ * 
 
 "Staff Sergeants. 
 Line of Kitchens. 
 
 X X X X X 
 
 Company OfiBcers. 
 
 * * ♦ * ♦ 
 
 * 
 X 
 
 ♦ 
 
 Surgeons, Majors, Lt.-Col. Pay Mstr. Qr. Mstr. 
 
 and Adjt. 
 Waggons, Horses, Chargers, &c. 
 
 Officers' Latrine. 
 Rear Guard 
 
 5 
 
 \o 
 
 CO 
 
 T3 
 o 
 
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 ft 
 
 i 
 
w 
 
 ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 165 
 
 t 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 Officers commanding Companies should now examine 
 the tents, to see that they are properly pitched ; the arms, 
 accoutrements, and blankets brought in ; and a trench 
 dug round each tent with a proper drain to carry off the 
 water. 
 
 The space in front of the front row of tents is the regi- 
 mental parade ground and alarm post. 
 
 To the front, and in line with the centre of the Camp, 
 the Quarter-guard tent should be pitched, and a latrine 
 constructed on either side, half way between it and the 
 flank of the Regimental parade ground. 
 
 The rear tent of each row of tents should be occupied 
 by the senior Sergeant of the Company. Staff Sergeants 
 have tents to themselves, pitched in continuation of the 
 central Companies' rows of tents. 
 
 Rifles during the day in fine weather should be piled 
 outside each tent; in bad weather and at night they should 
 stand round the pole, confined at the muzzles by a barrel 
 hoop (wood) suspended from the roof. Bayonets and 
 accoutrements should hang from, crossed pegs on the pole 
 above the rifles. 
 
 Officers' tents should be in rear and on the reverse flank 
 of their respective Companies ; Staff and Field Officers, 
 tents in rear of the Company Officers' ; Rear Guard ten 
 at the limit of ground in rear of all ; Hospital tent, in 
 a place selected by the Medical Officer ; stores, chargers, 
 horses, waggons, &c., on the most suitable ground in rear 
 of the Staff Officers' tent. 
 
 Each Commanding Officer should have a distinguishing 
 flag erected in front of his tent. The colours ot a Corps 
 should be in charge of the Quarter-guard, and stacked 
 (in their cases) under the charge of No. i sentry of that 
 Guard. 
 
 No traffic of any kind should be allowed along the front 
 of a Camp, or through the tents. All carts, waggons, and 
 
 I 
 
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i66 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 horses should pass through the intervals and along the 
 rear. A place for a market should be selected and named 
 in orders. All persons coming to the camp to sell articles 
 of any kind should be confined to this place and not 
 allowed to wander about the Camp. The Camp Police 
 should arrest all persons found wandering, and a Picquet 
 should remain in the market until it is cleared. The 
 Commanding Ofl&cer should arrange a tariff of prices at 
 which various articles may be sold, and no departure 
 from this should be allowed, all articles being paid for at 
 the time by the purchaser. 
 
 The Camp Police should make rounds at uncertain 
 intervals through the Camp and summarily arrest all who 
 may contravene the orders. Women of loose character 
 should be carefully excluded from the camp. 
 
 The Main Sireet, through the OfiQcers' tents, should be 
 used by men on duty only. Non-commissioned Officers, or 
 persons having business with OfiQcers. 
 
 No person should be allowed amongst the Officers' tents 
 except the Sergeant-Major, the Quarter-Master Sergeant, 
 men on duty (such as sweepers, orderlies, &c.). Non- 
 commissioned Officers, or persons having business with 
 Officers ; all other persons being directed to pass by the 
 flanks. 
 
 NECESSARIES. 
 
 Two flannel shirts, two padrs of woollen socks, a towel, a 
 woollen cap, a knife and lanyard, a spare pair of boots, 
 should be sufficient necessaries for a short camp. 
 
 As washing clothing is not generally practicable, it is 
 sufficient, for a few days' work, to expose flannel articles 
 to the air, and beat them. 
 
 Next in importance to the feeding of the men, is the 
 condition of their feet for marching. Good boots and 
 woollen socks are indispensable for marching ; the boots 
 
ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 167 
 
 ■ 7- \h^ ^ole low-heeled, and sufficiently 
 
 should be broad m he sole, low ^^ ^^^^ ; 
 
 ,HcU to obviate the foot feeing the .^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 t^^^ n^^L^fert^^^^^^^^^^ in while ho.and 
 
 be dried at a fire. . . j^^^^ . 
 
 A .oonen cap is very Sno^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "r: aU .Mn,s 
 the " Glengarry answers xni;> i f 
 keep the hair closely cut. 
 
 KITCHENS. 
 
 ^^ en as not to incommode the 
 Kitchens should >- ""ade -^s^o" ^^ ^^.^^.^ 
 
 occupants of the t^^'^.^^^te^ Stents, To obviate any 
 a reasonable distance of he men s t^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 chance of this "convenience the doo ^^ ^^ 
 
 '^^^r'-'T^:'"'^':^ the s^oUe into the 
 no change ot wmu 
 
 doorways. _ _^ j^jj^^^n in rear ot 
 
 Each Company should have Us o ^^^ ^._^p,^^, 
 
 ^d in line «»\'*\°;°,rg >n the direction that the 
 Kitchen consists of a trench dug ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^, 
 
 ^ind is blo^ving, of »»<* vnd ^^^^ „„ ^ach s.de ; 
 
 placed on it, should not rest abo ^^.^^ ^^^ ^,„ ^ 
 
 fts depth should be .^ ">• !» f J"^ („, , ft,, decreasing 
 is blovving, and conuuue ^at dept^^^ ^^^^ ^,,^,, , .pace 
 
 then gradually to 3 '«• f* *°" ^^^ of the trench, to serve 
 „ust be left equal to *« ^readt ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ 
 
 ,s a chimney. The fire .s U a^ * ^^„ ^.^ „p the 
 
 is deep; it should ''°\fT^ Aching one another 
 trench. The Kettles are ^aced ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ 
 along this trench; dry so^s shou ^ ^^^, j^, 
 
 chinks made by the '"""^^^^^^'fl^, u is advisable to 
 
 pile up sods, or v/itn bi. 
 
 
1 68 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 in 
 
 height at the end away from 
 
 13 1 
 
 of at least one foot 
 the fire. 
 
 If the Regiment halts for more than one day these 
 Kitchens are susceptible of great improvement ; the 
 chimney can be made of mud or wattle and daub, and 
 the draught may be increased by using short pieces of 
 hoop-iron, as bars stretched across the trench to support 
 a filling in of clay round each kettle, or in other words, 
 to make a regular place for each kettle, into which it will 
 fit exactly, so that its position may be frequently changed 
 to prevent the contents of one being cooked before the 
 other. As the day following the wind may change to an 
 exactly opposite direction, a similar trench must be dug 
 in continuation of the former one, the same chimney 
 being used ; in this manner the same chimney will serve 
 for trenches cut to suit the wind blowing from all four 
 quarters. The openings from these trenches into the 
 chimney should be closed with a sod, except the one to 
 be used when the fire is lit. In some places, where bricks 
 or stones suitable to the purpose are to be had, it is better 
 to construct these Kitchens on the ground, instead of 
 below the surface. 
 
 Two logs rolled together in the direction of the wind, 
 the fire being kindled between them, make a good Kitchen, 
 the kettles being hung from a stick resting at each end on 
 a forked upright. 
 
 Where stones are plentiful a temporary fire place can 
 be quickly constructed ; small poles six or eight feet long, 
 one end resting on the ground, the other end projecting 
 over the stones, can be used to hang the kettles on. 
 
 STRAW. 
 
 When Straw is issued for the use of troops, it should 
 be made into mats, and not left loose in the bottom of 
 the tent. Mats mav be best made as follows:— The 
 
ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 169 
 
 from 
 
 these 
 the 
 • and 
 es of 
 ^port 
 lords, 
 t will 
 nged 
 ? the 
 o an 
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 Jiney 
 rve 
 four 
 the 
 le to 
 ricks 
 2tter 
 1 of 
 
 straw is twisted into ropes ; two rows of tent pegs are 
 driven into the ground parallel to one another and two 
 feet apart, and the rope passed round the pegs to form 
 the web. Other straw ropes are interlaced, so as to form 
 the woof, and an excellent mat is made in a short time. 
 Each man should have two mats, one for his head and 
 shoulders, the other for his legs. Four men will make 
 the mats for an entire tent in one day, two twisting the 
 ropes and two weaving. 
 
 WATER. 
 
 Few things arc of more importance to the well-being 
 of troops when encamped, than a plentiful supply of pure 
 water. 
 
 From whatever source the water supply is derived, it 
 is absolutely requisite that it should not be polluted. The 
 Officer entrusted with the duty of forming the encampment 
 should therefore post sentries over it, taking them from 
 the first troops that arrive on the ground; when the 
 camp is completely formed, a Guard should be posted 
 over the water supply. If the supply is from a stream, 
 great care should be taken that the watering place for the 
 men should be distinct from that for the animals. The 
 latter should be lower down the stream than the former, 
 and it is advisable to send patrols up the stream to prevent 
 men washing or bathing in it. 
 
 All washing in the neighbourhood of wells or watering 
 places used for drinking, should be strictly forbidden, as 
 the foul water percolates through the soil. 
 
 If the stream have a muddy bottom, great care should 
 be taken not to stir up the mud by dipping vessels into it. 
 If the stream be shallow, dams should be made on it ; 
 these are easily constructed with a few pickets and sods, 
 a small piece of tarpauling may be used with great advan- 
 tage for the purpose of making them water tight, A barrej 
 
170 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 il 
 
 sunk in the bed of the stream affords a convenient place 
 into which to collect water. 
 
 Filters can be easily made by placing two barrels one 
 within another, and ramming the place between with clean 
 straw, coarse sand, and charcoal if it can be procured, or 
 branches of trees with the bark taken off. The water is 
 allowed to flow into the outer barrel and rises through 
 holes pierced in the bottom of the inner barrel. In a 
 standing camp, if the water is not good, charcoal should 
 be made, and the water regularly filtered ; an average of 
 one gallon per head is sufficient for troops when encamped ; 
 if in standing camp, this allowance should be increased, 
 as men should be encouraged to wash themselves as much 
 as possible. 
 
 LATRINES. 
 
 Latrines should be made in the most convenient situa- 
 tion, by fatigue parties as soon as troops arrive on the 
 ground, the places having been previously marked out for 
 them by the Quarter Master. The trench should be made 
 as narrow as possible, and about four feet deep, a rail or 
 post supported upon a forked post at both ends, and 
 about eighteen inches from the ground, laid along the 
 edge, will serve for the men to sit on, and the whole should 
 be screened with brushes, trees or lumber from public 
 view. A fatigue party should throw a couple of inches of 
 earth over the soil every day. This, if carefully done, 
 will prevent all smell. When the trench is filled up, 
 another one should be dug near it. 
 
 The Camp Police and Sentries should have orders to 
 prevent the men from committing nuisances in the vicinity 
 of the camp. 
 
PART VII. 
 
 FORMS. 
 
 Owing to want of space the accompanying Forms are 
 necessarily very much contracted, but at the foot of each 
 a note is attached specifying the size that each should be. 
 
 Printed Forms are recommended in the majority of 
 cases, as a great saving of both time and labour. 
 
172 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
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FORMS. 
 
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 " Establishment." The Officers should not be added in 
 with the Sergeants, Corporals, &c., in the total. The 
 names of the Casualties should be written on the back, 
 under their respective heads. 
 
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 23 WIST MAIN STREET 
 
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 for:ti 19. 
 
 Captain of the Day's Report. 
 
 18 
 
 Sir —I have the honour to report, that, as Captain of 
 the Dav yesterday. I inspected the rations issued to the 
 Regiment^ and found them of good quahty and proper 
 weight. 
 
 I visited the Barracks or Tents of — - Companies 
 at Breakfast and Dinner hours and found the rooms (or 
 S staVs and passages clean, the arms and accoutre 
 ments properly arranged, the men a 1 P'^^^^''^]"^'^^ 
 meals good, well cooked and punctually served, (or other- 
 
 wise). 
 
 I visited the Hospital, found it clean and regular ; the 
 patients preferred no complaints, (or otherwise) . 
 
 I visited the Cells at o'clock and found all 
 
 regular ; the prisoners made no complaints. 
 
 I inspected the Guard at o'clock by day and 
 
 I inspectea ^^.^^ ^ ^ ^^ JT'Trt 
 
 correct- I also visited ^he Sentries and found them alert 
 and properly informed of their duties. 
 
 I did not quit the camp or quarters of the Regiment, 
 during my tour of duty. 
 
 The Report of the Subaltern of the day I enclose 
 herewith ; also the Tattoo Report. 
 
 I have the honour to be, 
 Sir. 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 — Captain. 
 
 — Regiment. 
 
 The Officer Commanding, 
 
 — Regiment. 
 
 (To be written on a half sheet of foolscap, one-third 
 margin) . 
 
 I 
 
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 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 Subaltern of the Day's Report. 
 
 i8 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I have the honour to report that, as Subaltern of the 
 Day, yesterday, I attended at the delivery of the bread 
 and meat, and found them of good quality and proper 
 weight ; also at the issue of groceries. 
 
 I visited the Companies, (as the case may be), 
 
 at meal hours, and found everything regular. The messes 
 were well supplied, the men all present, and no complaints 
 (or otherwise). 
 
 The rooms and passages were properly cleaned, the 
 beds turned up, the doors and windows opened, the bed- 
 ding folded, and appointments, &c., arranged according to 
 order. 
 
 I saw the guards' dingers marched off at the proper 
 hours. 
 
 I visited the cook-houses previous to the time of the 
 meal at dinner hour, and found everything regular. 
 
 I visited the Schools, Tailor's, Shoemaker's and Ar- 
 mourer's shops, and found all regular. 
 
 I visited the guards and sentries at o'clock by 
 
 night, also the prisoners in the guard-room and cells, 
 and found all correct and regular (or otherwise). 
 
 I visited the canteen and found everything regular. 
 
 I attended at the hour of retreat and tattoo, and in- 
 spected the Picquet, and found all present and regular. 
 
 I attended at the hour of tattoo, when all the Non-com- 
 missioned Officers and men were reported present (or 
 otherwise), the report of which I now enclose you. 
 
 I saw the lights and fires extinguished at the proper 
 hours. 
 
 I have the honour to be, etc., 
 
 Lieut. 
 Regiment. 
 
 To the Captain of the Day, 
 Yesterday. 
 
 (Half sheet foolscap, one-third margin). 
 
FORMS. 
 
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202 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL. 
 
 FORITI '^4. 
 
 Regimental Orderly Sergeant's Report. 
 
 i8 
 
 As Regimental Orderly Sergeant yesterday, I performed the follow- 
 ing duties : — 
 
 1. I paraded the Orderly Sergeants at a.m. who reported their 
 
 men all out of bed, and that no smoking had occurred during the 
 night. 
 
 2. I paraded the Orderly Corporals and men for rations at 
 
 3. I saw the prisoners' necessaries sent to the Guard Room at 
 
 a.m. 
 
 4. I went round the Barrack rooms (or tents) with the Captain of 
 
 the Day at a.m., and found everything regular, (except No. 
 
 toomofNo. Company.) I saw that the urme tubs were removed 
 
 to the proper places, and partly filled with clean water. 
 
 5. I marched off the rations to the several guards, in charge of the 
 respective Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 6. I saw tb«? sick paraded and marched to Hospital. 
 
 7. I parai.v-d the Orderly Sergeants and evidences at a.m. 
 
 8. I collected the gate and canteen reports, and handed them to 
 the Non-commissioned Officers on those duties. 
 
 9. I visited the cook-houses at , and , and , and found 
 
 everything regular. 
 
 10. I paraded the Orderly Corporals and men at- 
 
 and , and 
 
 — , and marched them to the cook liouse for the meals. 
 II. I paraded the Orderly Corpor;Js and men for getting groceries 
 
 at — 
 
 12. I visited the canteen at , and , and , and found every 
 
 thing regular. 
 
 13. I visited the Non-commissioned Officers on gate duty at , 
 
 and , and I saw that the names of the defaulters were on the gate 
 
 and canteen boards. 
 
 14. I left list of passes with the Sergeant of the Guard, and handed 
 the passes to the Orderly Sergeants of Companies. 
 
 15. I saw that the defaulters paraded, and found all present and 
 sober. 
 
 16. I shewed the Orders to the Field and Staff Officers. 
 
 17. I attended at T .ttoo, with the Subaltern of the Day. 
 
 18. I went round tne Barracks for camp) with the Subaltern of the 
 day half an hour after Tattoo, and saw that all fires and lights were 
 out, and everything quiet and regular. 
 
 To the Sergeant Major, 
 
 Regimem. 
 
 Sergeant, 
 Regiment. 
 
 (Sheet of foolscap, one-fifth margin.) 
 
FORMS. 
 
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PART VIII. 
 
 r 
 
 BUGLE CALLS. 
 
 Every Regiment should have an easily distinguishecr 
 "Regimental Call," which precedes every call except 
 " Reveille," "Retreat" and "Tattoo.' 
 
 Duty Calls should be sounde 1 from the Regimental 
 parade ground; Calls applying to Officers only, in front of 
 their quarters. 
 
 The "Dress" and other Calls for Commanding Officers 
 parade. "Reveille," "Retreat" and "Tattoo." should 
 be sounded by all the Buglers ; other duty Calls bv the 
 Orderly Bugler with the Regimental Guard. 
 
 The " Halt " sounding annuls the last Call. 
 
 Between "Tattoo" and "Reveille" no Bugle should 
 sound or Drum beat, except for "Lights out" or the 
 purposes of alarm. 
 
BUGLE CALLS. 
 
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 233 
 
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INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 , Go 
 
 Absence, officers' leave ot ■ •■•• ••■•••• 
 
 non-commissioned olliccrs' and mens leave ol ^^^^^ 
 
 witliont leave ,^ 
 
 Accoutrements, how arranged • ^^^^ 
 
 blacking for 
 
 Adjutant, duties of ^^ 
 
 Addressing; ofliccrs, manner of '^ ^^ 
 
 Address of soldiers' letters •■" ^^ 
 
 Armourer sergeant, duties of 
 
 Armed parties, by wliom commanded ■••••••■• _^ 
 
 Arms, how arranged 78 
 
 examination of 
 
 B. 
 
 155 . 
 
 Baggage _ 10 
 
 Band master, duties of y ^„ 
 
 Bandsmen, duties of ■■■■ ^^ 
 
 Band, duties on parade 43 
 
 Barracks, regulations for 44 
 
 Beds, how arranged .'............... 154 
 
 Bivouac 118 
 
 Boards 139 
 
 Books, regimental i45 
 
 company j^^ 
 
 individual j,^ 
 
 Book, general order 139 
 
 regimental order ■ ^^^ 
 
 record of officers' services 
 
 digest of services of regmient ^^^ 
 
 portfolio of attestations ••••••■ ^^^ 
 
 letter ''" 1^2 
 
 return _ j^2 
 
 register of furloughs ^^^ 
 
 description of deserters ZZ... I43 
 
 defaulter, regimental 
 
238 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 Book, officer's court martial 
 
 court martial ^'♦3 
 
 diary of parades ......_ ^'^'^ 
 
 casualty ^44 
 
 crime ^44 
 
 hospital ^44 
 
 quarter master's ^'^"^ 
 
 company order ^"^^ 
 
 company roll ^45 
 
 company ledger ^'^^ 
 
 company defaulter .,." ^'^^ 
 
 company stores ^"^^ 
 
 Bugle major, duties of !.."..".!.!! ^'^^ 
 
 Buglers, duties of ^3 
 
 Bugle Calls !!.".".!!!!"!!. ^^ 
 
 advance guard... ^^° 
 
 band 235 
 
 bread '^'.''^^^^^'Z ^^^ 
 
 corporals' ^^^ 
 
 defaulters' ^^7 
 
 disperse ^^3 
 
 dress, the ^^^ 
 
 drummers'... ^^^ 
 
 fall in ZZ.'....Z. "^ 
 
 fatigue 2^^ 
 
 first post ^^5 
 
 flank guard ''''Z'ZZZ. ^^^ 
 
 general salute ^^^ 
 
 guard 2^^ 
 
 lightsout ^^^ 
 
 meat; ^34 
 
 . 22^ 
 
 non-commissioned officers' . 
 
 officers' ^^-^ 
 
 officers' mess ^^^ 
 
 orders ^^^ 
 
 picquet ^^^ ^^^ 
 
 quarter ^^^ 
 
 rearguard ^^^ 
 
 retreat [ ^^ 
 
 reveille ^^° 
 
 221 
 
 rouse 
 
 sergeants' "^l 
 
 , ,. 226 
 
 sergeants dinner... o 
 
 22o 
 
INDEX. 
 
 239 
 
 225 
 
 Bugle Calls, sit down ^^^ 
 
 tattoo 
 
 224 
 
 vegetables 
 
 c. 
 
 , . J. 43 
 
 Camps, regulations tor ^^^ 
 
 plan of '^"'^^'Z 167 
 
 kitchen 
 
 Canteens, regulations for ^^ 
 
 Captains, duties of g 
 
 Captain of the day, duties of ^^^ 
 
 Casualty book ■■■■ ^^6 
 
 Cells J27 
 
 Chevrons go 
 
 Choice of quarters ^g 
 
 Clothing, how arranged, in quarters ^^^ 
 
 Civil courts, offences punishable by ^^ 
 
 Colour s-rgeants, duties of ^^ 
 
 Commanding officer, dutiesof ■" ^^^ 
 
 powers ot ,, 
 
 Company organization ^^ ^^ 
 
 taking over, ' ^^ 
 
 designation, ^ ^^ ^5 
 
 flank, 107 
 
 orderly sergeant, duties of ^^^ 
 
 corporal, duties of ^^2 
 
 cook, duties of j^j 
 
 books j^5 
 
 order book ^ j^j 
 
 roll book j^5 
 
 ledger '""' ,46 
 
 defaulter book j^g 
 
 stores book ^ J27 
 
 Complaints, 78 
 
 Compliments, general y gj 
 
 guards paying g3 
 
 sentries paying j^ 
 
 Cook, sergeant, duties of ■" j^e 
 
 house orderly ■■""' hG 
 
 Courts martial 118 
 
 Courts of inquiry 144 
 
 Court martialbook 147 
 
 Correspondence, official j^o 
 
 private 
 
 i tl 
 
 11 
 
240 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Crying down credit 48 
 
 Crime 120 
 
 book 144 
 
 Daily routine, regimental 39 
 
 Defaulters 41 
 
 drill of 130 
 
 Defaulter book, regimental 143 
 
 company 146 
 
 Desertion 126 
 
 Deserters, description of 142 
 
 Diary of parades 144 
 
 Digest of services of aregiment 140 
 
 Discharge 37 
 
 Divine service 51 
 
 Dress, officers' 131 
 
 non-commissioned officers' and men's 134 
 
 order of, officers' 133 
 
 order of, non-commissioned officers' and men's 138 
 
 Drills 65 
 
 Drum major, duties of 13 
 
 Drummers, duties of 37 
 
 Drunkenness 123 
 
 Duties, roster of 82 
 
 on guard 86 
 
 on sentry 93 
 
 on escort 95 
 
 onpicquet 96 
 
 of police 7 
 
 of provost sergeant 97 
 
 of captain of the day 98 
 
 of subaltern of the day 99 
 
 of regimental orderly sergeant 102 
 
 of " " corporal 104 
 
 of non-commissioned officer for sick, 104 
 
 ©I •• " " defaulters, 105 
 
 of " " " on gate, 105 
 
 of " " " on canteen 105 
 
 of " " " for cook house, 106 
 
 of regimer.tal orderlies 106 
 
 of company orderly sergeant, 107 
 
 of " " corporal, iii 
 
 mM 
 
INDEX. 
 
 241 
 
 Duties, of company cooks, "2 
 
 of '' orderly men, 113 
 
 Duty roster, officers' 83 
 
 non-commissioned officers' and men's 84 
 
 company 85 
 
 E. 
 
 Encampment formation of i59 
 
 Enrolment, mude of ■ 3^ 
 
 Escorts, duties of 95 
 
 F. 
 
 Feu-de-joie, firing a 77 
 
 Flank companies 35 
 
 Fire, alarmof 43 
 
 Forms ^7i 
 
 Form of attestation ^72 
 
 discharge • ^73 
 
 door card ^74 
 
 bed card ^74 
 
 address for soldiers' letters. ^75 
 
 company sick report ^/^ 
 
 surgeon's daily report "^17 
 
 " weekly " ^7^ 
 
 pass ^79 
 
 morning parade state ^°° 
 
 afternoon " " ^^^ 
 
 field state ^^3 
 
 church parade state ^°4 
 
 iuusterroll ^^5 
 
 officers' duty roster '°" 
 
 sergeant major's roster ■^°7 
 
 duly state ^^* 
 
 company duty roster ^9*^ 
 
 guard report ^92 
 
 captain of day's report '97 
 
 subaltern of day's report '9^ 
 
 defaulters' list '59 
 
 gate and canteen report... 200 
 
 general absent report 2°^ 
 
 regimental orderly sergeant's report 20z 
 
 c. n;cen re ort 2°i 
 
242 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Form of company absent report 
 
 crime report ^°'^ 
 
 ration return ^°5 
 
 medical report on prisoners !"!!!!"!! -^^^ 
 
 record of officers' services . ^^^ 
 
 defaulter book " '' ^°^ 
 
 hospital admission and discharge book ^°^ 
 
 quarter master's account with militia depariment 211 
 
 regiment ... 
 
 requisition. ■* 
 
 company's account with regimental store Trt 
 
 II 1, • 1. . , . 215 
 
 individual 
 
 marching in state ^^^ 
 
 Furloughs, regulations for . ^^^ 
 
 62 
 
 a- . 
 
 Gateduty 
 
 General order book ..." "^ 
 
 Giving military information ^^^ 
 
 Great coats, how worn folded ...^ "^ 
 
 Guards, dutieson ^^^ 
 
 meals for ' ^^ 
 
 paying compliments "^ 
 
 relieving ^^ 
 
 : 85 
 
 H. 
 
 Haversacks, how worn 
 
 Head-dress, how worn ^^^ 
 
 Hospital Book ^35 
 
 Hospital, regulations for ^^* 
 
 ■ sergeant, duties of . ^^ 
 
 49 
 
 I. 
 
 Individual books 
 
 Inspection, medical, of a regiment ^'^'^ " 
 
 m II „r • 51 
 
 of prisoners 
 
 51 
 
 K. 
 
 Kitchens, camp 
 
 Knapsacks, how worn ^^'^ 
 
 136 
 
 I 
 
INDEX. 
 
 243 
 
 ^ 
 
 L. 
 
 Latrines 170 
 
 Leave of absence, officers' 61 
 
 non-commissioned officers' and mens' 62 
 
 Leggings, when worn ^i^ 
 
 Letters, regulations for 48 
 
 Letter book ^42 
 
 Lights out, hour for 43 
 
 M. 
 
 Majors, duties of ••• ^4 
 
 Marches ^52 
 
 Meals, hours of 4^ 
 
 dress for 45 
 
 Medical officers, duties of 27 
 
 Medical inspection, of regiment 5i 
 
 «« " of prisoners 5^^ 
 
 Mess, officers' 53 
 
 sergeants' 5^ 
 
 Military discussions, prohibition of 121 
 
 Musketry, duties of sergeant instructor " 
 
 Muster parades 7^ 
 
 N. 
 
 Necessaries, for camp ^^^ 
 
 Non-commissioned officers, duties of 7 
 
 promotion of ° 
 
 examination of ° 
 
 precedence of 9 
 
 in charge of squads, &c 16 
 
 tour of duty 84 
 
 punishment of ^" 
 
 dress ^34 
 
 orders of dress ^3^ 
 
 books tor ^^7 
 
 o. 
 
 Ofifences, punishable by court martial "6 
 
 " by civil courts "9 
 
 " by c mmanding officer 120 
 
 Officers, general duties of ^7 
 
 mess 5^ 
 
244 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ofllcers' leave ,..., 60 
 
 manner of addressing 1 76 
 
 tour of duty * 82 
 
 duty roster 83 
 
 orderly duties 98 
 
 punishment of 122 
 
 dress 131 
 
 orders of dress 138 
 
 court martial book 143 
 
 books for 147 
 
 OflBcial correspondence 147 
 
 Orders, issue of 47 
 
 Orderly room clerk, duties of 12 
 
 Orderly sergeant, duties of regimental 102 
 
 *' " " of company 107 
 
 Orderly corporal " of regimental 104 
 
 " •• " of company m 
 
 Orderlies, duties of 106 
 
 Orderly, cook house, duties of 106 
 
 men, duties of "3 
 
 Organization, regimental 34 
 
 company 35 
 
 P. 
 
 Pay master, duties of 29 
 
 clerk, duties of 12 
 
 Parades, regulations for 65 
 
 forming 67 
 
 muster 7^ 
 
 duty 72 
 
 dismissing 73 
 
 drawing swords on 74 
 
 bands on 75 
 
 Party demonstrations, forbidden 121 
 
 Passes, regulations for 62 
 
 Plan ol a camp 1^4 
 
 Plain clothes, by whom worn ^35 
 
 Picquets, duties of 9^ 
 
 Pipe major, duties of i3 
 
 Pioneers, duties of 39 
 
 Pioneer sergeant, duties of X4 
 
 Pitching tents, mode of 161 
 
 Police, duties of^ 97" 
 
INDEX. 
 
 245 
 
 Portfolio of attestations ^^^ 
 
 Private soldiers, duties of 1 5 
 
 Prisoners, medical inspection of 5^ 
 
 before commanding officer ^^^ 
 
 pmiishment by captain "^ 
 
 Private correspondence, how addressed ^5° 
 
 Provost sergeant, duties of 97 
 
 Punishment, by commanding officer ^^° 
 
 ■ ' . 121 
 
 by captam 
 
 drill, description of ^^° 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quarter master, duties of ^9 
 
 sergeant, duties of 
 
 books ^^ 
 
 Quarters, choice of ■• 
 
 Railway, transport by ^^7 
 
 Record of officers' services ^'^" 
 
 Registerot furloughs ^'^ 
 
 Regimental organization 
 
 orderly sergeant, duties of 
 
 " corporal, duties oi ^^^ 
 
 books ^^ 
 
 order book ^^ 
 
 Relieving guard 
 
 sentries 
 
 Retreat, hour of ^ 
 
 Return book ^^ 
 
 Reveille, hour of ^^ 
 
 Roster of duties, officers' 
 
 non-commissioned officers' and men °+ 
 
 Routine, daily in barracks or camp 39 
 
 s. 
 
 80 
 
 Salutes, officers g 
 
 non-commissioned officers'and men 7 
 
 sentries, dutiesof 
 
 paying compliments 
 
 relieving 
 
 Sergeant major, duties of 
 
246 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Sergeants' mess, regulations for 56 
 
 Servants, regulations for 63 
 
 Sick, going into hospital 49 
 
 coining out of hospital 50 
 
 list of, for orderly room 50 
 
 non-commissioned officers detailed for 104 
 
 Squadding, mode of 35 
 
 Staff sergeants, report to 34 
 
 Straw, regulations fbr, in camp 168 
 
 Subalterns, duties of 33 
 
 Subaltern of the day, duties of 99 
 
 T. 
 
 Tattoo, hour of 40 
 
 Tent pitching, mode of 161 
 
 Tolls, regulations for 156 
 
 Tour of duty, officers' 82 
 
 non-commissioned officers' and men 84 
 
 Transfer of men 37 
 
 of a company 32 
 
 Transport by railway, regulations for 157 
 
 by water, regulations for 158 
 
 officer, duties of 157 
 
 sergeant, duties of 157 
 
 w, 
 
 Water bottles, how worn 136 
 
 in camp regulations for 169 
 
 transport by, regulations for 15S 
 
■=^,aO«°* 
 
 T. CLAXTON, 
 
 Importer & Dealer in 
 
 AlITARY IIaND llNSTRUMENTS 
 
 . BAND MUSIC, 
 
 Husical Instruments & Fittings of all kinds. 
 
 {»HERT MUSIC AT.IIAI.F t*UI€E, 
 
 A $i.oo Piece for 50c. and a 50c. piece for 25^. 
 
 (catalogues free). 
 
 Having an established connection with some of the largest and best 
 
 Houses in England, France and Germany, I am prepared to 
 
 accept import orders for Band Instruments and 
 
 Musical Instruments of every description. 
 
 P. S. — Send a Post Card for my Catalogue of Half-price Music, 
 and Thereby Save 50 Per Cent. 
 
 V. €L.AXTOI¥t 197 Von|p;e St., Toronto. 
 
SezicL fox X^e^-acecL Xjist of ^Prices. 
 
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 ALBERT HALL BUILDING, 
 ISl ■2"03^TC3-E3 STI^EET, 
 
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 A few Doors North of Queen St. 
 
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 Willing & Williamson, 
 
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JiL.. 
 
 
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