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U Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated C/cBbE," "ElsP/cDRE" AND "MODERN" -brands of- eiSAi^s. PRIZE MEDALS.-Paris, 1867. Centennial, 1876. Montreal, 1863-8. BR/\M6H : 34 Church Street. [?/^6T0RY Cote Street, MONTREAL. 3(cll^ fREFATOF^Y. MN submitting this volume to the public, we desire to express our piirpose fully and clearly, viz : To publish such portions of the City's history as I will be most useful in tracing its growth and development, and to so I identify the manufacturers and merchants here located with its present condi- tion, that the outside world may form a proper estimate of its importance as a point of manufacture and distribution. In detailing so fully the extent and operation of each establishment here noted, our design is that they may serve as illustrations of all that is claimed for the City. That the industries oper- ated here to-day, whether large or small, attest fully the advantages held oat by this favored section, none can gainsay, and that many of the most promi- nent ones owe a fair measure of their success to the excellent facilities afforded them of all kinds, is beyond question. Located, as Toronto is, between the most densely populated sections of the country, with prompt and rapid railway communication in all directions, and with the great lakes and St. Lawrence Kiver as waterways, she presents attractions for the investment of capital, which equal, if they do not surpass, those of any other community in the Dominion. As a market for all descrip- tions of manufactured goods her position is assured, and our readers both at home and abroad, will realize the above facts by a careful perusal of this volume, containing sketches of the most important, prosperous and honorable business houses here located. Toronto, February, 1885. I. J. is/cAes, Editor and Compiler. TROUT & TODD, PKINTER8, Monetary Times Office, 64 & 66 Chukch Strekt, TORONTO, ONT. THE CITY OF TORONTO. THIS Continent has been productive of startling developments. Events have transpired, whoB-i effects still impress and sway the older nations. Provinces, States and Territories have been carved from an expanse of wilder- ness, and Cities have grown up like an exhalation. Presage and opinion have been at fault, convenience an 1 facility have been potential, and the traveller of one period, looking upon an attractive natural scenery in the seclusion of a forest, has returned to behold a city with swarming thousands, replete with the products of the soil, resonant with the hum of manufacture, and abound- ing with the treasures of art. But a few years prior to the commence- ment of the present century, the site of the City of Toronto was a place inhabited only by straggling trappers and wandering Indians. To-day a great and beautiful City, with a population of over 126,000, stands on the shores of Lake Ontario. Ascend to the roof of any of the towering blocks in the central portion of the City, and look out at mid-day on the scene beneath and stretch- ing far around you : lofty buildings, beautiful churches, handsome streets, and a teeming myriad of population meet the sight. During the season of navi- gation boat after boat is entering or leaving Toronto Bay ; from the Union Station freight and passenger trains come and go at brief intervals. Industry, affluence, and enjoyment are evinced in every quarter. There seems no mer- chandise but what has its mart, no interest without its representatives. All facilities for travel abound — the car upon the paved street, or the miles of walk for the passing throng. The melody of bells proclaims the passing hour, and the shriek of the steam whistle announces the cessation or renewal of a mul- tiform of industry. Tell no stranger that within a human life time this vast and varied change from solitude to the highest form of civilization, this trans- formation of a forest to a magnificent City has taken place ; realization has exceeded promise, and truth has been stranger than fiction. The first reference to Toronto to be found in any published work — and it is said to be the very earliest — is contained in a book published in London, Eng., in the year 1765. The work is a very interesting narrative of the travels and adventures in North America of one Major Rogers, " commanding his Majesty's independent company of Rangers," and deals principally with the period at which the capitulation of the Canadas by the French to the British took place. It was written by Major Rogers himself, in the form of a journal, which he presented to the public shortly after the close of his military career. 10 THE CITY OF TORONTO. In order that the Major's misBion to Upper Canada may be thoroughly under- stood, it will be well to quote the orders and instructions he received prior to setting out on a journey which was then very difficult to accomplish. Says the Major : On the 9th (September) Gen. Amherst informed me of hiH intention of sending me to Detroit, and on the Vlth, in the morning, when I waited upon him again, I received the following orders : "By his Excellency Jeffrey Amherst, Esq., Major-General and Com- mander-in-Chief of all his Majesty's forces in North America, etc. " To Major Rogers, commanding his Majesty's independent company of Bangers. " You will, upon receipt hereof, with Capt. Waites and Capt. Hazen'B companies of Bangers under your command, proceed in whale-boats from hence to Fort William Augustus, taking along with >ou one Joseph Foupau, alia$ La Fleur, an inhabitant of Detroit, and Lieut. Brehme, assistant-engineer. Prom Fort William Augustus you will continue your voyage by the north shore to Niagara, where you will land your whale-boats and transport them across the carrying-place into Lake Erie, applying to Major Walters, or the officer commanding at Niagara, for any assistance you may want on that or on any other occasion, requesting of him, at the same time, to deliver up to you, Monsieur Gamelin, who was made prisoner at the reduction of the said fort, and has continued there ever since, in order to conduct him, with the above-mentioned Poupao, to their inhabitants at Detroit, where, upon taking the oath of allegiance to his most sacred Majesty, whose subjects they are be- come by the capitulation of the 8th inst., they shall be protected in the peace- able and quiet possession of their properties, etc." In pursuance of these orders I embarked at Montreal the 13th September, 1760, about noon, in fifteen whale-boats ; and that night we encamped at La Chine ; next morning we reached Isle de Praires. » * » Qjj ^jjg 22nd we continued our course up the river, till we came to the place where formerly stood the old Fort of Frontinac (Kingston), where we found some Indian hunters from Oswegachi (Ogdensburg). We were detained here all the next day by the tempestuousness of the weather ; we, however, improved the time in taking a plan of the old fort, situated at the bottom of a fine, safe harbor. There were about five hundred acres of clear ground about it, which, though covered with clover, seemed bad and rocky, and interspersed with some fine trees. The Indians here seemed well pleased with the news we brought them of the surrender of all Canada, and supplied us with great plenty of venison and wild fowl. » ♦ * -^g gnibarked very early on the 28th, steering south-west, leaving a large bay on the right, about twenty miles wide, the western side of which terminates in a point, and a small is- land, having passed both, about fifteen miles on a course west by south, we entered the chops of a river, called by the Indians the Grace of Man ; there we encamped, and found about fifty Mississagua Indians fishing for salmon. At our first appearance they ran down to the edge of the lake, and continued THE CITY OF TORONTO. 11 loroughly under- received prior to complish. Says his intention of sn I waited upon neral and Com- etc. 3nt company of Capt. Hazen's jale-boats from Joseph Poupau, istant-engineer. fe by the north transport them Valters, or the vant on that or to deUver up to on of the said b him, with the e, upon taking ts they are be- d in the peace- tth September, I encamped at * On the le place where e found some ed here all the improved the f a fine, safe out it, which, rspersed with the news we IS with great ced very early about twenty ; a small is- by south, we Man ; there g for salmon. nd continued firing their pieces to express their joy at the sight of the English colors. I told them of the success of their English brethren against their fathers, the French, at which they were, or pretended to be, very well pleased. * * The wind being fair on the 80th we embarked at the first dawn of day, and I ST. JAMES CATHKDHAL. with the assistance of sails and oars made a great way on a south-west course, and in the evening reached the River Toronto (River Humber), having run seventy miles. We passed a bank of twenty miles in length, but the land behind it seemed to be level, well timbered with large oaks, hickories, maplus, 12 THE CITY OF TORONTO. and some poplars. No mountaina ap])oared in sight. There was a tract of I about BOO acres of cleared ground round the place where formerly the French had a fort, that was called Fort Toronto (Fort Rouille). The soil here is prin. cipally clay. The deer are extremely plenty in this country. Some Indians were hunting at the mouth of the river, who ran into the woods at our ap- proach, very much frightened. They came in, however, in the morning, and testified their joy at the news of our Buccesp against the French. They told us that we could easily accom- plish our journey from thence to Detroit in eight days ; that when the French traded at that place the Indians used to co me with their poultry from Michli- makana down to River Toronto ; that the portage was but twenty miles from that to a river falling into Lake Huron, which had some fal Is, but none very considerable ; they added that there was a carrying-place of fifteen miles Irom some westerly part of Lake Erie to a river running without any falls through several Indian towns into Lake St. Clair. I think Toronto a most convenient place for a factory, and that from thence we may very easily settle the north side of Lake Erie. We left Toronto the 1st October, steering south, right across the west end of Lake Ontario. At dark we arrived at the south shore, five miles west of Fort Niagara, some of our boats being now become exceedingly leaky and dangerous. TORONTO IN 1797. The Duke de la Rochefoucault Lioncourt, who travelled through the United States and Upper Canada during the years of 1795, 1796 and 1797, and in 1798 presented to the world an account of his travels, is the next author in whose writings a reference to Toronto, or York, has been found. His book was translated into English by Mr. Newman, and from that work the following extract is taken : — On our return from Queenstown we descended in the Governor's (Simcoe) boat the noble River Niagara, the banks of which imagination delights to fancy covered with inhabitants, and reclaimed by culture from their present wild state, and views rich and charming landscapes ; but this richness and these charms will probably yet, for a considerable time, enchant the eye of fancy alone. During our residence at Naryhall, Messrs. Dupettithouars and Guillemard took the opportunity of the return of a gunboat, and made an excursion to York. Indolence, politeness to the Governor, and the conviction that I should meet with nothing remarkable in that place, united to dissuade me from this journey. My friends informed me on their return that this town, which the Governor had fixed upon as the capital of Upper Canada, before he thought of building a capital on the Thames, has a fine extensive road, de- tached from the lake by a neck of land of unequal breadth, being in some places a mile, in others only six score yards broad, that the entrance of this road is about a mile in width, that in the middle of it is a shoal or sand bank, -the narrows on each side of which may be easily defended by works erected on beeil that! to bl Yorlf at p| merj havJ THK CITY OF TORONTO. 18 9 was a tract of nerly the French soil hereisprin. Some Indians oods at our ap- r joy at the news lid easily accom- ffhen the French try from Michli- enty miles from 3, but none very fteen miles from tiy falls through and that from ss the west end I miles west of ngly leaky and 1 through the L796 and 1797, els, is the next pen found. His that work the nor's (Simcoe) m delights to their present richness and lUt the eye of id Guillemard excursion to iction that I dissuade me lat this town, da, before he I've road, de- eing in some ranee of this r sand bank, cs erected on the two points of land at the entrance, whore two block-houses have already been constructed ; that this is two miles anci a half long, and a mile wide, and that the elevation of the slioro greatly facilitates its defence by fortifications to be thrown up on the most convenient points. Gov. Si.ncoe intends to make York the centre of the naval force on Lake Ontario. Only four gunboats are at present on this lake, two of which are constantly employed in trai. sporting merchandise ; the other two, which alone are fit to carry troops and guns, and have oars and sails, are lying under shelter until an occasion occurs to convert CUSTOM HOUSE. them to their intended purpose. It is the Governor's intention to build ten similar gunboats on Lake Ontario, and ten on Lake Erie. The ship carpenters who construct them reside in the United States, and return home every winter. There have not been more than twelve houses hitherto built in York. They stand on the bay near the Eiver Don. The inhabitants do not possess 14 THE CITY OF TORONTO. the fairest character. One of them is the noted Baty. the leader of the German families who, according to the assertion oi Captain Williamson, were decoyed away by the English to injure and obstruct the prosperity of his settlement. Notwithstanding the navigation of this river (Don), there is a portage of thirty miles between York and Lake Simcoe (Yonge street), by which the merchan- dise that comes from Lake Huron might reach that place in a straighter line. The barracks which are occupied by the Governor's regiment, stand on the road, two miles from the town, and near the lake. Desertion, I am told, tB very frequent among the soldiers. In a circumference of one hundred and fifty miles, the Indians are the only neighbours of York. They belong to the tribe of Missassogas. After a residence of eighteen days at Naryhall, we took leave of the Gov- ernor on Friday, the 10th July. He wished us to stay a little longer, but notwithstanding his true politeness and generous hospitality, we were not en- tirely free from apprehensions of incommoding him. TORONTO IN 1806. The excellent work on Upper Canada prepared by D'Arcy Boulton, Esq., (grandfather of the present D'Arcy Boulton, of this city), and published in 1805, furnishes i..teresting information concerning York at the period in which he had written. Said he : — We now come to York, which is the seat of Government of Upper Canada, and lies in about 48 degrees and 85 minutes north latitude. It is situated within an excellent harbor of the same name, made by a long peninsula, •which embraces a basin of water sufficiently large to contain a considerable fleet. Vessels may ride safeh at its entrance during the winter. On the ex- tremity of the peninsula., which is called Gibraltar Point, are erected commo- dious block-houses and stores, commanding the entrance to the harbor. On the mainland, opposite to the point, is the garrison, situated on a point, made by the harbor and a small rivulet, which, being improved by sluices, affords an easy access for boats to go up to the stores. The barracks being built on a knoll are well situated for health, and command a delightful prospect of the lake to the west and the harbor to the east. The Government house, whieh ia now finished, has a striking appearance from the lake, and is well calculated for the residence of the Governor. Its situation is commanding, about two miles above the garrison, near the head of the harbor. The town is much increased within the last two or three years, and several very good houses have Iwen built by the different oflBcers of the Government. Tie society of the place i« highly respectable, and its hospitality is experienced by every visitor. The public buildings, where the Legislative Council, House of Assembly, and courts of law sit, are not yet finished. The gaol is a tolerable building, and in a healthy situation. The town is not large, but well furnished with every neces- sary convenience, and the market Is well supplied. Beef, mutton, venison, fish, etc., in abundance, and as good as in any part of the world. There are several very respectable private stores, but goods are rather high. The usual supply is from Montreal, so that after the expense of boating from THE CITY OF TOKO N TO. 1» der of the German ison, were decoyed of his settlement, a portage of thirty hich the merchan- 1 a straighter line, ent, stand on the iou, I am told, is e Indians are the iSsogas. leave of the Gov- little longer, but , we were not en- y Boulton, Esq.^ and published in J period in which f Upper Canada, ». It is situated | long peninsula, I Q a considerable j ter. On the ex- erected commo- he harbor. Oa n a point, made dices, affords an being built on a prospect of the house, whieh ia well calculated ling, about two ) town is mueh >od houses have 3ty of the place y visitor. The ibly, and courts 3ing, and in a th every neees- utton, venison, )f the world. •e rather high. ' boating frona I 16 THE CITY OF TORONTO. Montreal to Kingston, thay have to incur the additional expense of storage at Kingston, and freight across the lake to York. This must account also for the extravagant price of labor at York, which seems to be a great inconvenience to the inhabitants. The land around York is in general sandy, but bears very good crops of almost every description. A few miles back the land is much stronger. The point of the town, as now laid out, is one mile and a half in length. The streets are tolerably uniform, and exhibit a handsome prospect from the lake. The River Don empties itself into the harbor a little above the town, running through a marsh which, when drained, will afford most beauti- ful and valuable meadows. This has already been effected in a small degree, and will no doubt be extended ; the difficulty is not very great, and from the contiguity of the marsh to the town, the expense, though heavy, may be sup- plied. The long beach or peninsula affords a most delighful ride or walk, and is considered as so healthy by the Indians, that they frequently resort to it when indisposed. Yonge street, or the military way which leads to Lake Sim- coe, and from thence to Gloucester on Lake Huron, commences at the back of the town. This great communication has been opened to Gwilliamsbury, be- tween thirty and forty miles, and is calculated to attract the attention of the North- West Company. It is considerably shorter than the route by the straits of Niagara and Detroit. Farms are laid out on each side of Yonge street, having the width of a quarter of a mile each . A farm or lot comprehends two hundred acres ; the land in general is excellent, and from its situation will soon be thickly settled. There have been very liberal subscriptions in the town of York for the improvement of the road through Yonge street, and two ■or three miles are finished in a very judicious manner. In a few years this will doubtless be a most valuable country, and of infinite importance to the seat of Government. TORONTO IN 1822. The following somewhat lengthy extract is taken from Robert Gourlay's ** Sketches of Upper Canada." published in 1822. An excuse for the length of the quotation will be found in the interesting descriptions of the two captures of York by the Americans during the war of 1812 : — At the head, or south-west end, of Lake Ontario, there is no good harbor. Burlington bay is a small lake separated from the main lake by a sandy beach, which extends five miles from Saltfleet on the south, to Nelson on the north, with a small outlet or creek running from the bay across the beach into the lake, and having a bridge over it. On the west of the bay, and divided from it by a promontory, stretching from south to north, almost across the bay, is a marsh or small marshy lake, named Coots' paradise, distinguished as a place of game. The beach, the bay, the promontory, and marsh, form as romantic a situation, perhaps, as any in America. Adjoining the marsh is a tract of land reserved by the Government for the site of a town. Burlington lieights were fortified and garrisoned during the late war. The land road, from Niagara round the head of the lake to York, is about ninety miles, crossing the Rivers Credit, Tobicoke, Humber, and several THE CITY OP TORONTO. 17 storage at ,l80 for the mvenience bears very id is much I a half in e prospect I above the ost beauti- all degree, I from the ay be sup- walk, and 3sort to it Lake Sim- he back of isbury, be- ion of the the straits ige street, nprehends uation will ions in the t, and two years this mce to the Gourlay's the length 'o captures •od harbor, ndy beach, the north, ch into the vided from the bay, is ished as a ih, form as marsh is a Burlington k, is about md several smaller streams, all of them generally, and the credit in particular, abounding with fish. Burlington Beach is half way. York, which is the seat of the Provincial Government, is in latitude 43°, 35 ' north, a little west of the meridian of Niagara. It is beauiifully situated on a bay or harbor, extending nearly two miles from the west to the east side of the town, and almost enclosed by a peninsula, which projects a correspond- ing distance from east to west, without the basin of the harbor. The western extremity of the peninsula is Gibraltar point, where are public sto'-es and block houses. On the highest ground, near the point, a lighthouse of about seventy feet elevation is erected. On the mainland^ opposite to the point, is the garrison, where was also the Lieut. -Governor's residence. Two miles east, near the head of the harbor, were two wings of the Parhament house, the main edifice not being yet erected. They were built of brick one story high. The Legislative Council sat in one of them, the House of Eepresenta- tives in the other. Being burned by the Americans their walls have been re- paired and converted into a barracks. The town occupies the intervening space between that site and the garrison. The harbour in front is well secured, has safe anchorage, and is sufficiently capacious to contain a considerable fleet. But the shore is not bold, and no wharves are yet built, except one, which is an appendage of the new naval store- houses. Vessels lie off at anchor, and load and unload by boats. The entrance also into the harbour is some- what difficult ; but the light- house is designed to remedy the difficulty. The Don empties its waters into the head of the harbour, east of the town ; and two miles west of the garrison is the mouth of the Humber, for- merly called the Toronto, a name which was applied to the bay. Both of these rivers afford convenient mill seats. The war was unpropi- tious to York. It was twice taken by the Americans ;-- First, by General Dearborn and Commodore Chauncy, acting in concert, April the arcade. 18 THE CITY OF TORONTO. 27, 1813. Their squadron took a poation in front of the harbour and the garri- son, extending in a line westward. They intended to land their troops on an open field, the site of the old French fort Toronto (Rouille) ; but the wind blowing heavily from the'east, the boats fell to the leeward. A detachment of riflemen, led by Majo..' Forsyth, followed and supported by a larger corps of infantry under General IPike, amounting in all to 1,700, landed in a wood a little west of the intended landing place, and about a mile and a half from the garrison. Their landing was warmly contested by the British force& under the immediate command of Gen. Shealfe, who, after an action of half an hour, was driven from the wood and compelled to retreat. Two redoubts were carried, and General Pike, at the head of his brigade, was advancing toward the main work, when the explosion of a magazine terminated his career, and killed and wounded aFconsiderable number of his men, and some of the rear of the British troops. Gen. Sheaffe, having destroyed a part of the military and naval stores, and a ship on the stocks, moved off with his regular troops. The militia then capitulated, and were paroled. One armed schooner was captured. Such of the public stores as could not be put on board the Ameri- con fleet were destroyed, or given to the inhabitants. The flour and other provisions were, byl'General Dearborn's order, distributed among the poor people of the town and garrison. « A party of American sailors, without the orders or knowledge of their com- manders, set fire to the two wings of the Parliament House and consumed them, with the adjoining clerk's offices, and the library and papers deposited there, under pretence of irritation, on account of a scalp alleged to have been found suspended as a trophy. Commodore Chauncey transmitted to the Secre- tary of the Navy, a British standard, accompanied, as he stated in his despatch, "with the mace,over which hung a human scalp, these articles," he added, "were taken Irom the Parliament House by one of my officers, and presented to me." But, according to the statement of a member of the House of Representa- tives, who was acquainted with the circumstances, they were simply these : The scalp was sent as a curiosity, enclosed in a letter, from an officer of the army to his friend, the clerk of the House. Upon opening the letter, he and two or three others who happened to be present, were disgusted at the sight, and he threw the letter into an under drawer of his table, among a parcel of old papers- There it fas probably found by some of the sailors, who imposed upon the officers the fiction of its being suspended over the maee, as if placed there by public authority. General Dearborn's civil treatment of the pnbli* authorities and inhabi- tants of York was politely acknowledged on their part in a letter from Chief Justice Scott to the American Adjutant-General, dated York, April, 1813, in which, after referring to the general's orders and arrangements for restraining his soldiers, protecting the persons and property of the inhabitants, and sup- porting the magistrates, he says : " On the part of the magistrates of York, I gratefully acknowledge the humane attention which has been paid by his Excellency to the present situation of its inhabitants, by pursuing a line of THE CITY OF TORONTO. 19 :l thegarri- oops on an t the wind lachment of ger corps of in a wood a half from tish force* n of half an doubts were 3ing toward career, and of the rear the military jlar troops. 3hooner was the Ameri- ir and other ig the poor f their com- \d consumed rs deposited ,0 have been to the Secre- lis despatch, ' he added, presented to Representa- these : The the army to two or three ad he threw I old papers* i upon the ;ed there by conduct so conducive to the protection of a number of individuals, and so honorable to himself." In the last of August, the same year, York was visited again by Commo- dore Chaunceyjand Colonel Scott, who landed without opposition, took a number of cannon and boats and a quantity of provisions, shot, shells, and other stores, andjburnt the barracks and public storehouses. Yonge street Jis a military highway, laid out by General Simcoe when he was Lieutenant-Governor, and opened by the troops under his command, in a direct line northerly from York thirty-two miles to Holland's river, whence the pas- sage is easy, into Lake Simcoe, and thence to Gloucester Bay, a good harbor in Lake Huron." THE INCORPORATION IN 1834. And now the date of the incorporation is reached, and before proceeding further it will be as well to give some facts and figures respecting the city when it became such in 1834. OFFICE OF THE RECEIVER-OENERAL. — FORMERLY POST OFFICE. and inhabi- ' from Chief ril, 1813, in ' restraining s, and sup- }s of York. I paid by his ig a line of The first assessment of City property was made in June, 1834, when the following returns were received : St. George's ward £ 15,119 St. Patrick's ward 25,268 St. Lawrence ward 49,920 St. Andrew's 33,075 St. David's ward 63,500 Total V iJ186,882 20 THE CITY OF TORONTO. This amount converted into present coinage would reach the neighborhood of $934,410. Estimating at 3d. per £ the revenue derived was ^2,836 Os. 6d., and to this was added ^1,014, making a total revenue of ^8,360 Os. 6d. It is only necessary to compare the above figures with those furnished by the re- vised assessment of city property for the present year, when, after a reduction of a quarter of a million had been made in response to appeals put in, the en- ormous sum of $66,169,485 is presei ',ed. In these later days in the history of Toronto the corporation has not always been able to keep up with the pro- gress of the city, but fifty years ago the city fathers were supposed to have been equal to the occasion when they provided for the laying of the following lengths of sidewalks : — Yonge street from Front, 228 rods ; Church street to Bich- mond, 162 ; Lott to Peter, 366 ; All March street, 162 ; Newgate street, 160 ; Richmond street, 213 j ; Hospital to John street, 178 ; Murray to John street, 400 ; Duke street, 174 ; George street, 174 ; New street, 160. Total, 2,618 rods. Not the least important feature in the city's progress has been mani- fested in the devel opment of her Fire Brigade. In 1834 volunteer firemen, manipulating hand engines, were the protectors of the city and the fire insur- ance companies. The voluuteer brigade was under the supervision of fire- wardens appointed by the Council. During the year of incorporation the following were the fire-wardens : St. George's ward, Edward Perry, William Maxwell, J. G. Chewitt, J. Hunter, W. Heather ; St. David's ward, J. Easton, C. Statesbury, D. Brooke, J. Patterson, J. Mcintosh ; St. Andrew's ward, Jesse Ketchum, W. Patrick, H. Carfrae, J. Bitchie, John Boss ; St. Lawrence ward, Bobert McKay, Thomas Helliwell, Thomas Bell, jr., Wm. Cawthra, T. Mil- burne ; St. Patrick's ward, James Newbigging, John Powell, J. Anderson and G. Bidout. THE NAME OF TORONTO. The proposal to change the name from York to Toronto did not meet with general approval from those who were about to be transformed from townsmen into citizens. A large majority, certainly, were in favor of the soft Indian name, but an important proportion clung affectionately to the " York " with which they had become familiar. These opposing sentiments found expression in the Provincial Parliament, where the bill of incorporation was being dis- cussed. A report of the debate at the third reading of the bill is taken from the Toronto Patriot, of March 7th, 1834 :— Saturday, March 1, 1834. York Incorporation bill, and altering the name of York to City of Toronto. The amendments made by the honorable Legislative Council to this bill were read a second time and referred to a Committee of the Whole HouL>e. Mr. Jarvis objected to the amendment changing the name. He thought the alteration would cause confusion. Mr. A. McDonald admired the taste of the Legislative Council. The name of Toronto was highly musical. Mr. Berczy hoped the majority of the House would be in favor of altering THE CITY OP TORONTO. SI leighborhood 2,836 08. 6d., 3b. 6d. It is ed by the re- r a reduction lit in, the en- n the history with the pro- l to have been )wing lengths ;reet to Rich- I street, 160 ; ) John street, Total, 2.618 s been mani- iteer firemen, the fire insur- rision of fire- irporation the erry, William rd, J. Easton, 's ward, Jesse kwrence ward, ?thra, T. Mil- Anderson and the name. It was the old original name of the place, and the sound was in every respect much better. Mr. Speaker McLean thought there was something particularly pleasing not meet with om townsmen e soft Indian "York" with md expression was being dis- is taken from 1 1, 1834. ity of Toronto, icil to this bill ole HouL'e. , He thought Council. The \ror of altering ss » o O n Q 1) Hi to the ear in^the sound of Toronto. (Hear ! and a laugh.) And only think, too, this city will be the only City of Toronto in the world. (Hear, hear.) He hoped that the name of Toronto would be adopted, and by that means the in- 22 THE CITY OF TORONTO. habitants would not be subjected to the indignity of residing in a place desig- nated " Dirty Little York." (Hear, hear, and a laugh.) He hoped the hon. members had the same taste for musical sounds as he had. Mr. Chisholm perfectly agreed with the observations of the honorable the Speaker. " Toronto " was an Indian name, and designated the place of meet- ing of the different tribes. Mr. John Wilson was sorry to find that now the Duke of York was no more, the hon. gentlemen were desirous of losing all recollection of that name. In the States there is a State of New York and City of New York, and they have never thought proper to alter the name, and why should they want to change the name of York to Toronto. He could not feel that the jingling sound of Toronto was so very musical and delightful; though he was nervous, he did not feel the musical sound as some hon. gentlemen did. He would ask, why not go on with the old name ? If the mud could be got rid of, that was the principal object. Mr. Berczy — Surely the hon. member for Wentworth (Mr. John Willson) could not have read the renowned History of Knickerbocker. If he had he •would have found the original name of the city now called New York was ^' Manhattan." He thought it was now an excellent opportunity to alter the name of this town, now hey were incorporating it into a city. He preferred the old original Indian names, and he hoped a majority of the House would be in favor of " Toronto." Mr. Clark — ;^ Ithough he would not agree with all the provisions of the bill, yet he thought the change from " Little York" to " Toronto" would be good. It was the original name given by the natives of the soil. He well re- membered the name some thirty or forty years gone by, in the days of that great and good man Governor Simcoe. (Hear, hear.) It would in some measure meet his notice for a change of the seat of Government as much as could be done this session, for it would change the name from " Nanty Little York" to the City of Toronto. Mr. Bidwell said the present name was short and convenient, and it was ■well known that it was given to the town in honor of the brother of the king, the Duke of York, but now, since that illustrious personage had died, there seemed to be a desire to forget the name. He was satisfied much inconven- ience would result from changing the name, and he did not believe hon. mem- bers who were in favor of it could show an instance of the name of a town being changed after it had continued so long and was so well known in other parts of the world as York was, and had attained to its size and importance. Some hon. members had said "Toronto" was very musical and poetical. They all knew that poets had a peculiar license in naming places, and, for tho reasons given by the hon. members, he wished the present name retained — Toronto for poets, York for men of business. The committee then divided — Yeas, 22 ; nays, 10 ; majority for changing the name from York to the City of Toronto, 12. Quite an interesting debate on the proposed change of name, but in these days it is difficult to see any reasons strong enough to induce a preference for a place desig- }ped the hon. honorable the place of meet- York waB no of that name, ork, and they i they want to jingling sound ervous, he did ould ask, why that was the John Willson) If he had he New York was y to alter the He preferred louse would be visions of the to" would be . He well re- I days of that 'ould in some nt as much as "Nasty Little nt, and it was r of the king, ad died, there iich inconven- 3ve hon. mem- ne of a town Qown in other d importance, and poetical. B, and, for tho ne retained — for changing ), but in these preference for THE CITY OP TORONTO. 9» York instead of Toronto. Well, the name was changed, and the town of York became the City of Toronto. This important fact was made known to all whom it might concern by royal proclamation. THE PROCLAMATION. Following is a copy of the proclamation referring to the election of Alder- men and CouncJlraen : — William the Fourth, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith. To all whom these presents shall come, greeting : Whereas, by an Act of our Provincial Parliament, made and passed in KNOX CHURCH. the present year of our reign, entitled " An Act to extend the limits of the town of York, to erect the said town into a city, and to incorporate it under the name of the City of Toronto," it is amongst other things enacted that the said city should be, and the same is hereby divided into five wards, to be called respectively the wards of Saint George, Saint Patrick, Saint Andrew, Saint David, and Saint Lawrence ; and that for every wardVithin the limits of the 84 THE CITY OF TORONTO. if said City two Aldermen and two common Councilmen shall be chosen in the manner thereinafter mentioned, and that the Aldermen and common Council- men shall choose from among the Aldermen, by vote of' the majority of such Aldermen and common Counciitnen, one person to be a Mayor of the said City; and it is by the said Act further enacted that the first election for Al- dermen and > immon Councilmen shall take place within three calendar months after the passing of the said Act, at such time and place within each of the said wards respectively, as the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or per- son administering the Government for the time being, shall, by royal proclam- ation, think lit to appoint, giving eight days' pul)lic notice thereof, snd shall be holden by Huch persons as the sheriff of the Home district, for the time being, shall appoint ; provided always that the Mayor, Aldermen, and common Councilmen first elected under the authority of this Act, shall hold their oflSce* only until the first Monday in February next ensuing such election. Now therefore, know ye that by virtue and in pursuance of the provisions and authority contained in the said recited Act, we have thought fit to appoint, and do by this our royal proclamation appoint, that the first election for Alder- men and common Councilmen for the several wards aforesaid, shall be held on Thursday, the twenty-seventh day of March, now next ensuing the date hereof, at the hour of nine o'clock in the forenoon of the same day, and at the several places hereinafter mentioned, that is to say ; — For the Ward of St George, at Wright's inn, in the said ward ; for the Ward of St Patrick, Elliott's inn, in the said ward ; for the Ward of St. Andrew, at Fahey's inn, in the said ward ; for the Ward of St. David, at the Court house, in the said ward ; for the Ward of St. Lawrence, at the Ontario House in the said ward : and that the said elec- tion in the said several and respective wards, shall be holden at the time and places aforesaid, by such persons as our said sheriff of the Home district for the time being shall appoint. And we do hereby require and command all and every our loving subjects within the said several and respective wards to take due notice of this our royal proclamation. And in testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made pat- ent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed. Witness our trusty and well-beloved Sir John Colborne, K. C. B., Lieutenant-Governor of our said province, and Major-General commanding our forces therein, at the City of Toronto, the fifteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, and the fourth year of our reign. And thus York was merged into Toronto. On the day following the trans- formation of the town to a city — March 7th — the Patriot contained an edito- rial comment on the event, in which it excused itself for appearing with two different date lines. The following is the extract : — "Our present number, it will be seen, is on one side dated York, and on the other Toronto, which arises from the circumstance of the first side having been printed before the bill changing the name received the Royal assent. Opinions are much divided on the propriety of this change, some think it will lead to confusion, and others that it is by no means a necessary consequence, and, L ...iOLV:.-;.^ W.. THE CITY OF TORONTO. 20 e chosen in the nmon Council- lajority of such )r of the Baid Blection for Al- ;hree calendar 36 within each .rernor, or per- royal proolain- reof, snd shall 3t, for the time n, and common t)ld their office* election. Now provisions and it to appoint, 3tion for Alder- ihall be held on he date hereof, [ at the several f St George, at ott'sinn, in the said ward ; for or the Ward of the said elec- t the time and ae district for oving subjects bice of this our f be made pat- xed. Witnesi nant-Goverm,r •ces therein, a*; our Lord one our reign, ing the trans- ained an edito- aring with two »rk, and on the de having been ent. Opinions it will lead to lequence, and, iiking the name of Toronto better than "York, are satisfied that it has takon [)lace— we think with the latter. The main thing will be the practical working of the bill, which, if it bo for good, there will be but little in the name." We here append a list of Mayors of the city from its prerient time, with the number of terms and date of year served : William Lyon Mackenzie Hon. Robert Baldvin Sullivan, Q. C. Thomas D. Morrison, M.D George Gurnett •Tohn Powell George Monroe Hon. Henry Sherwood, Q.O Wm. Henry Boulton George Gurnett John George Bowes Joshua George Beard Hon. George W. Allan Hon. John B. Robinson John Hutchinson Wm. Henry Boulton ) D. B. Read, Q.C. ) Hon. Adam Wilson, Q.C John George Bowes Francis H. MedcaU James E. Smith S. B. Harman Joseph Sheard Alex. Manning Francis H. Medcalf Angus Morrison James Beaty, jr., Q.C W. B. McMurrich A. R.BoBwell Alex. Manning FACILITIES OF TRANSPORTATION. incorporation to the 8 during which they 1834 1885 1886 1837 1838-89-40 1841 1842-43-44 1845-46-47 1848-49-60 1851-02-53 1854 1855 1856 1857 1H68 1859-60 1861-62-63 1864-65-66 1867-68 1869-70 1871-72 1873 1874-75 187677-78 1879-80 1881-82 1883-84 1886 Toronto as a port of entry has great natural advantages, and has one of he best harbors on the lake. It is also extremely well endowed with railway acilities. There are six lines of railway that make connections here, some of vhich make this City the terminus, while others are through main lines from he east to the west. The principal are as follows, Canada Pacific Rail- ?ay, Great Western Railway, Northern Railway, and Ontario & Quebec Rail- way. 16 THE CITY OF TORONTO. INDUSTRIES. Toronto is first of nil a coDimorcial city, hut tnnuufacturing in all brnnobeB| has greatly advanced within recent years, and there is every reason io beli'^ve that within a short period this city will take the lead in manufacturing enter prise, ns it does now in commercial operations. The principal manufactures' ^^B^ now carried on are agricultural implements, stoves, castings, and general iron' ^ work, hats, caps, and furs, furniture, skins and leather, boots and shoes, clothing, millinery, building materials, wooden ware, brooms and brushes, jewellery, carriages, cigars, corsets, paints, oils, and drugs, safes and many small manufactures. At the head of the importing and wholesale trade of the City we mustT place the dry goods trade. After which follows groceries, hardware, millinery, hats, caps, and furs, clothing, fancy goods, fancy dry goods, small wares, jewullery, lumber, etc., etc.. The trade in food supplies is very extensive, and the City serves as a distributing point for all kinds of produce. The facilities for transportation have largely fostered the development of this business^ which bids fair rapidly to increase in volume and scopt). THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Toronto's banking business is perhaps the strongest support of the mer- cantile and manufacturing interests of the City, and working in alliance with \-=^ those inteiests in all their legitimate phases, each appreciably influences and partakes of the tone and methods of the others. Hence the banks of the City, |^- like her business enterprises, are noted for their sound, conservative manage- JZ' ment, command the entire confidence of business men and capitalists, and r^ hold high rank among the financial institutions of the country. We cite the Federal Bank, the Standard Bank, the Canadian Bank of Commerce, the Imperial Bank, the Ontario Bank, Bank of Toronto, Dominion Bank, Central' Bank, and the Home Savings Bank ; the head quarters of the above are all in ] this city. In addition to these the following have branches in this City : Bank of Montreal, Molson's Bank, Quebec Bank, Bank of British North America, and the Merchants' Bank. We will also mention the Toronto General Trust Co., Canada Permanent Loan and Saving Co., Canada Land and Credit Co., he London and Canadian Loan and Agency Co., London and Ontario Investn ,nt Co., Building and Loan Association, Imperial Loan and Investment Co., Farmers' Loan and Savings Co., Land Security Co., People's Loan and Deposit Co., as well as a number of savings banks, where persons of moderate means can deposit small sums, and in many of them can withdraw by cheque as in ordinary banks. EDUCATIONAL, KTO. Toronto being a British Canadian City it may be taken for granted that matters of education have long been considered of primary imjortance. No expense has been spared in perfecting and developing more completely a sys- tem of schools, and not content with this several scholastic institutions of the highest rank have found here adequate support and encouragement. Schools THE CITY OF TOUONTO. 27 n all branoboB iiHon io beli'ive Kituring enter inanufactureH 11(1 general iron utH and shoes, and brushes, ifes and many City we must j ware, millinery, snaall wares, y extensive, and The facilitien ; ' this business art of the mer- n alliance with influences and .nks of the City, vative manage- :^ sapitalists, andi^ . We cite the Commerce, the Bank, Central above are all in his City : Bank !^orth America, General Trust j i Credit Co., he j irio Investn ,nt 1 avestment Co. }an and Deposit noderate means y cheque as in or granted that Qj ortance. No mpletely a sys- ititutions of the ment. Schools CANADIAN INSTITUTE. THE CITY OF TORONTO. ■AQ Of fhP best order freely accessible to the poorest child in the City, are in daUy of the best <^''^^\'^^'f ^.. Every child so far belongs to the State Z^TZZU^ll^^n at theW-of the State ; ignorance is as to De emiueu i investment can be so uniformly productive „ore costly tbau ='^°»^; »^^ ™j;a"to the cultuvo of tboi «ho them- of good returns to the State as that dot ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ eelves are soou to l^;* f ^"^ ,,„^^^^^^^^ „H„out money or price, not tlZCt:rZ:-jt'M. b..t also from the highways and hedge. We re-ret that the limits of our space do not admit of more than a bnet ,:^JZ other high class educationpl establishments, whicb have enumeration of the othe "'Sn c Thev are the Collegiate Institute. reached '''^^''■SY^' '^itTtlomri Sctol the Toronto Model School, the the Upper f^''" » he^^^^^^^^^^ -^^^^.^^.^^ University, University Cote^ S orslraoh" the University of Trinity College, Kno. Col- ?ege! McS Hall, and several other private schools and mstitufons of merd JflKK BRIGADE. The Toronto fire brigade is second to none in efficiency and discipline. It is a well organized paid department, and is well managed in all respects. There are ten engine and hook and ladder stations, where appliances are in j constant readiness to sally out to rescue life and property from the flames- James Ashfield is chief engineer, Richard Ardagh chief of brigade, Thomas Graham assistant chief, Joseph Davis west assistant chief, and John Thompson east assistant chief. Fire alarm boxes connected with the engine houses by telegraph are to be found in all parts of the City. AMUSEMENTS. In the way of entertainments and amusements there is much to make life in the City pleasant and sociable. During the winter there are the usual church festivals and exhibitions. There are also skating rinks, social and society reunions, snowshoe and other clubs. A very handsome and com- modious opera house is open during the season, and the cream of the dramatic and operatic profession may be seen there. There is also the Pavilion Music Hall in the Horticultural Gardens, as well as a number of smaller halls, in which dramatic representations, readings, &c., are given. SOCIETIES. Secret and other societies are well entrenched here. The Masons have a large number of lodges ; Toronto being in addition the seat of the Grand Lodge of Canada. The Oddfellows are well represented ; also the Foresters, Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Orange Order and Temperance Societies. There are also a number of musical societies, as well as nearly thirty clubs and social organizations. Of these the most noticeable are the Albany Club, the Toronto Club, the National Club, the Argonaut Eowing Club, the Toronto Rowing Club, and the Bayside Rowing Club, the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, the Toronto Lacrosse Club, the Ontario Lacrosse Club, the Ontario Jockey Club and the Toronto Canoe Club. I )ity, are in daily Ks to the State Ignorance la Aic schools are ey or price, not and hedges ore than a brief nts, whicti have leKJate Institute THE CITY OF TORONTO. THE CHURCHES. 89 One of the titles of the Queen City of English Canada is " The City of , . J f 'liurches," a name whose appropriateness can be seen by any visitor who , ^ ^, , m-atches the heaven pointing spires that rise from every part of Toronto, and )rm a leading feature of our city. The St. James' Cathedral, corner of King nci Church streets, is one of the handsomest religious edifices on the Conti- put. The Metropolitan Church (Methodist) and St. Andrew's Church (Pres- .terian) are very beautiful structures. The St. Michael's Cathedral (Catholic) also noticeable. Many other of the Toronto Churches are remarkable for rohitectural beauty. There are twenty-six Episcopal churches belonging to ' i'T'q ^"''"''"r' le Synod of the Diocese of Toronto ; two Reformed Episcopal, eleven Baptist ersity, University loUege, Knox Col litutions of merit., ind discipline. 1 all respects, (liances are in 3m the flames, gade, Thomas ohn Thompson ;ine houses by ch to make life are the usual ks, social and me and com- f the dramatic 'avilion Music smaller halls, fasons have a of the Grand the Foresters, ge Order and ;ieties, as well lost noticeable the Argonaut ving Club, the tario Lacrosse ST. Andrew's church. churches, nine Catholic, one Catholic Apostolic, beven of the Congregational •denomination, one German Lutheran, four of the denomination of the "Christian" Church, eighteen Presbyterian, twenty-two Methodist churches, one Unitarian, five miscellaneous places of worship and one Jewish Synagogue. Thus it will be readily seen that Toronto is well provided with places of wor- ship of all denominations. We must not forget to mention the barracks of the 80 THE CITY OF TORONTO. I jelon Ibe e( Indt itell r limil Salvation Army, situated at the rear of Queen street, near the western branc of the Pubhc Library, Opinions difier as io whether this organization do^ most good or ill, but there seems to be no doubt that by their efforts 8omethii| is gained, some lives are reclaimed, if it bo but for a time, from the devil service of drink, lust and profanity ; for a iime, if it be but for a time, the o| myth of the reformed Magdalen is realizad, and tho fallen image of God lifted from the gutter . THE PR£3S. What is done in Toronto for the education and enlightenment of the peopi in the matter of daily newspaper and periodical literature may be inferred fro the following. Besides the dailies, which are the Mail, the Globe, the Worlc the News, the Evening Telegram, there are a large number of weekly, monthl and quarterly publications. These are 8 s follows : — Art Journal, monthly the Atheneum, monthly ; Berean Leaves, monthly ; Bible Society Recordeii monthly ; Budget, monthly ; Canadian Citizen and Temperance Heraldi weekly ; Canada Educational, monthly ; Canada Lancet, monthly ; CanadiJ Law Journal, semi-monthly ; Canada Prosbyterian, weekly ; Canada Schoo Journal, monthly ; Canada Short Horn Herd Book, yearly ; Canadian Baptist weekly ; Cauadian Conveyancer ; Canadim Farmer, weekly ; Canadian In dependent, monthly ; Canadian Journal of Science, Literature and Histcrj quarterly; Canadian Manufacturer, semi- weekly ; Canadian Methodist MaRa zine, monthly; Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal, monthly; Canadiai Scholars Quarterly ; Canadian SportbmR,n and Live Stock Journal, weekly Christian Guardian and Evangelical Witness, weekly ; Colonizer, monthly Commercial Traveller and Mercantile Journal, monthly ; Cosmopolitai Shorthand Writer, monthly ; Dommion Churchman, weekly; Dominiui Mechanical and Milling News, monthly; Early Days, bi-monthl_v Evangelical Churchman, weekly ; Golden Hours for the Young, monthl\ Grip, weekly ; Home and School, semi-monthly ; Irish Canadian weekly; Ladies' Journal, monthly; Mercantile Test and Legal Record Methodist Af i gazine, weekly ; Monetary Times and Trades Review, weekly Ontario Law List; Parkdaie Times, weekly; Parkdale News, weekly Pleasant Hours, weekly ; Quarterly Review Service ; Rural Canadian, monthl} : Sabbath School Presbyterian, monthly; The Sentinel, weekly; Sunbeams, semi-monthly ; Sunday School Banner, monthly ; The Week, weekly ; Toronto Advertiser, weekly ; The Tribune, weekly ; Truth, weekly. THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF TORONTO. Besides the ecclesiastical and educational edifices, Toronto possesseB many public buildings of a high degree of architectural merit, and in every instance when this can be said, as in the case of the Post Office, the Custom House, the new Yonge Street Arcade, the Public Library, and Osgoode Hall, the beauty of each building is much enhanced by its architectural surroundings, by freedom of approach, through wide and stately streets, which allow it to be seen in all the majesty of its fair proportions. Other public buildings wef ^^'^^ have, it is true, such as the old Parliament House and the City Hall, which! "^^ ^estn lougl I THE CITY OF TORONTO. 31 he western branc organization doj : efforts somethiil , from the devil for a time, the o| I image of God )elong to an altogether past period of Toronto's history, and respecting which Ihe edict of public opinion has already gone forth that they are to be replaced, |nd that speedily, by something worthy of the greatest city of Canada's most itellectual and progressive Province. The Toronto General Post Office is, as regards beauty of architecture^ limilar and not second to Osgoode Hall. ment of the peop ,y be inferred fret Globe, the Worl( if weekly, monthl Fournal, monthly Society Recordei nperance Herald monthly ; Canadi ; Canada Schotf Canadian Baptist, ly ; Canadian In lure and Histcrj Methodist Maga Qthly ; Canadiai Journal, weekly ilonJzer, monthly 1 y ; Cosmopolitaii eekly ; Dominion tys, bi-monthly iToung, monthly; Irish Canadian Legal Record Review, weekly News, weekly nadian, monthly; ekiy ; Sunbeams, weekly; Toronto possessee many in every instance e Custom House, sgoode Hall, the ral surroundings, lich allow it to be )lic buildings we! City Hall, whichj POST OFFICE. Osgoode Hall, one of the handsomest public buildings of Toronto, is the Westminster Hall and "Four Courts" of Ontario, a palace of justice palatia lough to be a fitting abode for the unimpeached judicial character of the- Tonto bench and bar. The Custom House is one of those among our public buildings which, like 1 ^m r i '^ 32 THE CITY OF TORONTO. the and nate on t! acrei beau the ] direc the 8 first ihe General Post OflBce, illustrates most vividly the vast advance made by our <5ity during the last ten years. Government House and grounds are situated on the south side of King «treet, immediately opposite Upper Canada College, and west of the new St. Andrew's Church, an architectural situation which cannot fail to impress fav- orably the cultured visitor to Toronto. The Court House is situated on Adelaide and Court streets. It belongs to that class of the Toronto public buildings which belong to the past age of our city, and as in the case of the Parliament House, it is generally felt that they must soon be replaced by something less unworthy of the capital of Ontario. The Free Library of Toronto is opposite the Court House, a little further east, in an admirably chosen position, at the corner of Church and Adelride streets. It was, in former years, the Mechanics' Institute, but the committee of that institution gave up their building and valuable collection of books to the Free Library Board as soon as the by-law establishing a Public Library had passed by an almost unanimous vote of the citizens. The City Hall is situated on Front street, coiner of Jarvis street. Shaftesbury Hall and the premises of the Y. M. C. A. are situated at 80 Queen street west, where there is also a fr«e reading-room and bureau of en quiry for all strangers in Toronto in need of employment. The Drill Shed is situated on the west side of Jarvis street, between Front street and the Esplanade. It is one of the largest and most commodious in the Dominion, and is the headquarters of the two "crack regiments ' of On tario, the Queen's Own and the Tenth Royal Grenadiers. Equity Chambers, situated on the corner of Adelaide and Victoria streets. is a neat red brick building, occupied principally by insurance offices, printiu Jjl ^t z office, lawyers, estate agents, etc. The magnificent Exhibition Buildings were opened to the public by Lore Dufferin, late Governor-General of Canada, in September, 1878. The palacs is built with solid brick foundations, with sides and roof of glass, and afford! admirable accommodation for the advantageous exhibition of goods. Th whole of the buildings on the grounds, including the Crystal Palace building were built in the short period of ninety days, and the cost of the whole, up tt the present time, is nearly |260,000. The grounds, occupying some sixt; acres in extent, are the finest in the Dominion of Canada. They are moi beautifully located on the shore of Lake Ontario, on the western outskirts the city, and from them a splendid view of Toronto, with the surround! country and the lake, can be obtained. They are easy of access and can reached in a few minutes by the Grand Trunk Railway, Street Railway, and line of steamers which run to the Exhibition wharf. Among the most important buildings of recent date must be classed tl gg^gu Arcade, between Yonge and Victoria streets. The front entrance is on tl former street, to the beauty of which its imposing cut-stone facade with i wide archway and Egyptian pillars in bas-relief are a valuabla addition. Tl spacious passage-way of the Arcade is furnished with stalls, glittering with a that is most attractive to pleasure-seekers. of vi Hosj dime were vmm i THE OITY OF TORONTO. 88 ice made by our th side of King of the new St. I to impress fav- 3. It belongs to past age of our lly felt that they pital of Ontario. 3, a little further ch and Adelaide | at the committee ition of books to a Public Library is street. ,re situated at 80 ad bureau of en- et, between Front t commodious in igimtnts ' of On d Victoria streets»:g je offices, printinj le public by Lor( 878. The palac glass, and afford g 1 of goods. Thfc^ il Palace buildini )f the whole, up b ipying some sixt „ They are moi estern outskirts 1 the surroundi iccess and can eet Railway, and The Toronto Prisons are the Central Prisou, Industrial Refuge for Girls, the Mercer Reformatory for Women, and the Toronto Gaol. THE TORONTO WATER WORKS. The supply of our city with pure water was for many years a standing hygienic grievance. The Water Works used were at an insufficient elevation, and the supply was obtained from a part of the bay too liable to be contami- nated by the city sewerage, The present Water Works are beautifully situated on the summit of the hill north of Toronto, where a miniature lake of nine acres, floored and walled with stone, serves as a reservoir. The grounds are beautifully kept, and overlook on one side the Mount Pleasant Cemetery and the park-like ravine, which extends in this direction from Rosedale ; in the other direction step after step of the city terrace descending to the Bay. CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS. Toronto is rich in benevolent and charitable institutions for the relief of the sick and needy. Of these the Toronto General Hospital is entitled to the first place. It is situated on the north side of Gerrard Street East, between lust be classed t ntrance is on t ibis addition. T i, glittering with Sackville and Sumach Streets. The site is well chosen from a hygienic point f view, its elevation being eighty feet above the level of the Bay. The 3ne facade with^iJjjQgpj^g^^ buildings cover a space of four acres, and are 170 by 120 feet in dimensions. The beautiful park-like grounds which surround the building were laid out under the skilful superintendence of the late Mr. Mudie. The House of Providence, on Power Street, is a worthy rival of the Kjy^i wm 84 THE CITY OF TORONTO. General Hospital . Ik is supported by our Catholic citizens, and is one of the most noteworthy of Toronto's public edifices. The Lunatic Asylum is located on Queen Street West, opposite Dun('a8 Street. Burnside Lying-in Hospital is maintained by voluntary contributions, aided by a yearly Government grant of $400. The Hospital for Sick Children is situated at the top of Elizabeth Street, abutting on College Avenue. The Asylum for Incurables is on Dunn Avenue, Parkdale, and is an in- stitution which well merits the support of the kind-hearted and charitable- | The Dental College and Infirmary is situated on Richmond Street East, and gives gratuitous relief to those suffering from diseases of the teeth, and is peculiarly a valuable institution in affording alleviation to pains which, ex- cruciating enough, more often (from some unknown reason) excite the risibility rather than the sympathy of our fellow man. The Girl's Home is situated at 189 Gerrard Sireet. This institution aims at the support and training of destitute little girls under fourteen years of age ; also the maintenance of destitute little boys under four years of age. The Andrew Mercer Eye and Ear Infirmary in on Gerrard Street, be- tween Sackville and Sumach Streets. The Boys' Home, at 281 George Street, supplies a refuge and industrial training to a number of destitute boys who have not been convicted of any offence against the law. The House of Industry supplies a refuge and affords an asylum to children of older growth taken from the streets and slums of the city. The Infants' Home, or Infirmary, is situated on St. Mary street, between; Yonge and Chapel streets, and takes under its fostering charge the little onepi whose parents and friends are incapable of giving them the care they need This institution admits within its precincts not only sick infants, but als those in health. The News Boys' Home, at 42 Frederick street, is a valuable institution,, and affords, as its name indicates, a retreat for the poor little "waifs" and " strays " that pursue an honest but hard living in the public streets. The Notre Dame Institute, at 90 Jarvis street, is a Catholic institutiou| which provides gratuitously, or at a small cost, lodging for young girls em ployed in the city who have no homes ot their own. The St. Nicholas Home is a similar institution for the benefit of youn^ boys. The Small-pox Hospital, in the eastern precincts of the city, sufficiently explains by its name its object. The Toronto Dispensary, supplies free of charge, medicine to the neoessi tous. It is open daily from 12 to 2 p. m. In addition to the above-mentioned, there are a number of other organiza tions which, in an unobtrusive manner, are doing much good, and are playinj the part of the good Samaritan, in " Casting their bread upon the waters.' They will reap their reward. I THE CITY OF TORONTO 85 1(1 is one of the pposite Dunc'as 1 contributionB, lizabeth Street, ), and is an in- id charitable. | )nd Street East, the teeth, and is pains which, ex- •ite the risibility institution aims Durteen years of years of age. rrard Street, be ;e and industriall convicted of any ■ s an asylum to the city. y street, between re the little oiuf- 3 care they need. infants, but alsr uable institutionj ,tle "waifs" and] c streets, tholio institution young girls em . benefit of young; e city, sufficient!} ne to the neoessi j of other organiza 3, and are playin; upon the waters I OFFICE OF THE EVENING TELEOUAM. ^^m 86 THE CITY OF TORONTO. i Of the Lakeside Home, erected by Mr. Robertson, we furnish an engniv. ing. The following description of the building is an abstract from the report of 1888 : " The Lakeside Home for little children, the Convalescent Home in connection with the Hospital for Sick Children, occupies a site on the west point of Toronto Island, nearly one hundred yards north-west of the Light- house, and the same distance from the south shore of the Island. The build- ing is twenty minutes' walk from the dock at Hanlan's Point, and the plot of ground on which it is built was leased by the corporation of the City of To- ronto, as the deed states, 'so that a Convalescent Home for Sick Children shall be erected thereon in connection with the Hospital for Sick Children.' " Toronto's suburbs. The pleasant village, or rather town, of Parkdale, has long been all but identical with the city, from which it is separated by Dufferin Street, im- mediately west of the Exhibition Grounds. There is no doubt whatever that Parkdale, like Yorkville, Brockton and other suburbs, will soon be absorbed in the municipality of Toronto. Meanwhile it is one of the pleasantest of our siiburbs, and furnishes an easily available health resort in summer to those whose business duties do not allow them to remove to any great distance from the city. There is a continuous line of houses and stores from the centre of Toronto, at the corner of Queen and Yonge Streets, along Queen Street to the main street of Parkdale. This street is furnished with stores and hotels on a scale equal to that of the best streets in the city. Radiating from this in all directions, north and south, are avenues, which are rapidly being filled up with handsome private residences and villas. The Great North-West Telegraph Company have an office at 54 Queen Street, Mr. G. A. Devlin being agent. There is a Free Library at Parkdale with a stock of 500 volumes. Mr. J. A. Wismer is librarian. Seaton Village is situated north of Bloor Street, about midway between Yorkville and Brocton. It occupies a district extending to the base of the hill terrace, which forms the natural boundary of Toronto to the north, and no doubt represents the prospective advance, whose outworks are already begun, of the city, along College Street and Bloor Street, and by avenues leading northward. Brockton is now annexed to Toronto, yet still may be classed as one of its suburbs. It is now St. Mark's Ward. It is an older village than Parkdale, being situated on Dundas Street, the main thoroughfare in the days before railroads were thought of, from Toronto westward. It is about three miles and a half from the City Hall. The properry on which this village is built belonged originally to Colonel Givins and Colonel Denison. The pit-sent representative of the latter family has a residence a little north of the village. In days within living memory Brockton was a favorite stopping place for the long trains of teams on their way to and from Hamilton, and the old red brick hotel, still a popular bourne for city driving parties, has witnessed many a convivial meeting in days that were somehow merrier than the present day. Brockton is pleasantly and healthily situated. The street cars extend to it. Y( onto V 1 the era \ lerchi Hi ba; treets f the R. le far Hoor I ose-gi iven 1 1 COE uilt, ( ■orm o: ridgei helvir ow ea [spen, M ■avmo |[rey c( Dund nd be chite a pre urbs egini y Mr he gc ,nd tl umra larai i 'ark, he m gains- ery e 11 t V low tl C legan trade ■\ ^L TBE CITY OF TORONTO. 8T ish an engrnv. rom the report )8cent Home in iito on the west t of the Light- id. The build - md the plot of he City of To- Children shall Idreu.' " g been all but jrin Street, im-