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HISTORY

OF THE

GENERAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL

IN THE

CITY OF SAINT JOHN, N. B.

WILLIAM BAYARD, M. D., Edin., Etc.

May, 1896.

^^i

f^.;C

Offi(?eF| of the Institution,

1896.

£/^i^

COMMISSIONERS.
WILLIAM BAYAKI), Es.,, M. D, Edin, President.
ROBERT W. CROOKSIIANK, Esq., Vice-President.
M. W. Mahek, Esq. w. C. Rudman Allan, Esq.

ThomasWalkeb, Esq., M.D., Edin. John McGoldbick, Esq.
A. Chipman Smith, Esq. John Behryman, Esq., M.D., Edik.

H. G. Aduy, M. D.

I. OLIVE THOMAS, Secretary.

W. R. ELLIS, Esq., M. D., Resident Physician and Superintendent.

BERTHA B. CHESLEY, Matron.

PHYSICIANS.
Alban F. Emeby, Esq., M. D. Walter W. White, Esq., M. D.

Murray M aclaben, Esq., M.D.,EniN. William Christie, Es^l, M. D.
James Christie, Esq., M. D. T. D. W • lker, Esq., M. B., C. M., Edin.

OCULISTS.

M. F. Bruce, Esq., M. D. h. D. Fritz, Esq., M. D.

CONSULTING PHYSICIANS.
Thomas Walker, Esq., M. D., Edin. J. D. White, Esq., M. D.

PATHOLOGIST.

G. A. B. Addy', Esq., M. D.

OF THE

General Public Hospital

IN THE

CITY OF SAINT JOHN.

Prior to the year 1865 the City and County of Saint
John, with a population of upwards of 30,000, possessed no
hospital accommodation for the meclianic and the labourer
suifering from disease or accident. The Poor House was
his only refuge; and with laudable pride, he declineci to be
classed as a pauper, preferring to be cared for at his humble
home by friends; too often with the result tliat his little
savings became exhausted, ultimately compelling him to
accept that shelter which his pride induced him to ignore
in the lirst instance. Indeed, there was no such hospital
in the Province, and those living in the outlviui? districts —
when requiring skilled medical and surgical assistance —
became a burden upon their friends. This was not a proud
position for the largest city in the Province, and one con-
taining many persons of large wealth.

Dr. W. Bayard's position, as physician in charge of the
Poor House, and his connection with the Board of Health,
taught him the imperative necessity for a hospital. He
brought the subject before the community through the
press, adducing various arguments in support of it; and
having received promises by kind philanthropists for the
sum of $10,000 for the purpose of erecting one, he felt
sanguine that his scheme would be crowned by success.
But when four of the most wealthy men in the city — one

Hislovy of the General Public Hospital.

tal

of Saint
eased no
labourer
)uso was
leci to be
I humble
lis little

him to
ignore

lospital
itriets —

ance —

a proud
Due con-

e of the
Health,
111. He
jgh the
it; and
for the
he felt
success.
y — one

of them the largest landowner — refused to assist, he aban-
<loncd the idea of accomplishing his object by subscription,
and concluded to carry out the project by imposing a tax
upon the ratc-])aycrs.

He felt Justitied in adopting this course because the
burden would then fall proportionally upon oil, the rich
man — who hud not the heart to give — would be compelled
to furnish his proportion, while the man in the position to
receive the most benetit JVom such an institution would
contribute his mite.

Accordingly, he employed the late George Blatch, Esq.,
tO frame a bill asking power from the Legislature to sell
bonds for the sum of $50,000 to be appro[)riated towards
the erection and the furnishing of the building. For the
support, the bill asked that a tax of one dollar a year be
placed upon the poll of every ratable male inhabitant of the
City and County of St. John. All other expenses to fall
upon the real and personal estate of the rate-payer. In
other words, the real and persorud property holders were
to furnish the building, pay the interest upon the money
borrowed, their poll tax, and meet all extra demands ; while
those most likely to use it were asked to pay one dollar per
year towards its support — a small sum compared with the
expected benetit to them. The word positive may properly
be substituted for the word expected, for no reasoning mind
can ignore the fact that positive benefit must accrue to those
having the privilege of entree to such an institution.

The idea of increased taxation alarmed those who did
not, or would not, recognize the necessity for a hospital.
They did not take into consideration the fact that its estab-
lishment would necessarily lessen permanent pauperism,
and thereby proportionally reduce the poor-rate.

The bill met with the most determined opposition from
the press. Many editors wrote most bitterly against the
measure, appealing to prejudices, and attributing unworthy
motives to its supporters. The Common Council — as a

6 Ilislot'ij of the General Public Ifospital.

body — was hostile to it, and HU|)[»orted its liostility by seiid-
iiig u foimnitti'e of its inemiiors to Frodorietoii to prevent
the ii}issui:;e of the bill.

vVll this did not disoounige tlie lujiny believers in the
riffhteousness of their cause. The bill was taken to Fred-
ericton, and argned before the individual members of tlie
Lei;islature, and with the able assistance of the Hon. John
Robertson, Sir Leonard Tilley, K. J). Wilmot, John IT. Gray,
Sir Albert Smith, aiul many others, it became law on tlie
IHh day of April, ISOO.

While the bill had passed, it did not grant all that was
asked for. The Commissioners were given authority to sell
bonds not to exceed ^28,()()0, and the poll-tax was reduced
from one dollar to twenty-five cents. In view of the fact that
the wages of the meclianic and the laborer has doubled since
that period, while the expense of living has not increased,
and the fact that their children are educated at the public
expense, it was a mistake that the origiiud amount asked
was not imposed upon them. •

On the 3rd day of July, 1860, Hon. John Robertson,
Dr. Wm. Bayard, Wm. II. Scovil, R. W. Crookshank, and
John McLauchlin, Ksqs., were appointed Commissioners to
carrv out the Act.

On the loth day of August, 18()0, the first meeting of
the Board was held, at which Hon. John Robertson was
elected President; Dr. Wm. Bayard, Vice-President: and
John Ansley, Secretary.

In October of the same year tenders were asked for
between two and three acres of ground in or near the city
upon which to place the building.

In December of the same 3'ear various tenders were con-
sidered by the Board, and that of Joseph Fairweather was
accepted, giving nearly three acres of land, with the absolute
an' anconditional occupation of the roadways leading to it
from Waterloo street and the City Road, for $9,650. Sub-
sequently the land adjoining, and fronting on the City Road,

History of the Geiwal Vublk llosjntal. 7

ANSIS piirt'lmwod t'roiii tlio estate of tlie lute Senator .loliu
U(jl)crtHou for l!?2,0(IO, iiiuking in all the cost of the hind

fn January, 1801, a seal was obtained for the Corpora-
tion, and in July of the same year the late Mathevv
Stead was enijtowered to nnike plans and specifications
for the building, wiiich were adopted by the Board in
December.

The Commissioners finding that the $2H,(I0(» in hand
woidd not complete the building, they asked power from
the Legislature to sell bonds for ^20,000 more. Liberty
was granted to borrow ^18,000, nud<ing in all $46,000, con-
sequently they were eomi)elled to curtail the plans and build
only the main building and the eastern wing.

Subsequently the Province gave $8,000, and the estate
of the late Kichard Sands $2,000 towards tiie under-
taking.

Tenders were jisked for the construction of the })ortion
of the building named, with the understanding that it was
to be completed early in i ear 1863. The tender of

James (iuinton for $26, 3x. being the lowest, the con-
tract was awarded to him. The excavations, drainage,
heating apparatus, and plumbing, were not included in
Quinton's contract. Those works added laro^elv to the
e.vpenditure.

ITl)on the removal of Senator John Robertson to Eng-
land in 1868 he tendered his resignation as President of the
Board of Commissioners. His loss was much felt, as he
was an active, energetic, and influential member.

Upon the resignation of Senator John Robertson in
1868, Dr. W. Bayard was appointed President of the Board,
Wn.. H. A. Keans Vice-President, and R. W. Crookshank
Treasurer.

At the request of the Board, Dr. Bayard framed the
by-laws of the institution, which were adopted in 1865.

In June, 1865, the Hospital was opened for the reception

Histwy of the General Public Hospital.

of patients, when the memhera of the medical staff were
appointed, namely :

LeBaron Botsfonl, M. D., Glas. ;

Edwin Bayard, M. 1)., Ediii. ;

T. W. Smith, M. D., Edin. ;

J. T. Steeves, M. I)., New York ;

G. E. S. Keator, M. D., New York;

W. S. Harding, M. K. C. S., Eng. ;

James Sinclair, M. D., House Surgeon ;

Mrs. Mary Craig, Matron.
The names of the Commissioners, Medical Staff, House
Surgeons, Matrons, and Secretaries, who have heen con-
nected with the institution since it was established, appear
in the Appendix, together with other statistical information.
In November, 1873, the Trustees of the Savings Bank
in the City of St. John — with the consent of the Dominion
Goverument — handed to the Commissioners of the Hospi-
tal, for the support of that institution, the sum of |44,269.69,
with the proviso that $42,000 of that sum " shall be invested
in good and sufficient ]>ublic securities, bearing not less than
six per cent, per annum, which interest shall he appropriated
by them towards the support and maintenance of the Hos-
pital." This was done, and the proceeds are in the Hospital
box in the vault of the Bank of Nova Scotia, the President
holding one key and the Treasurer the other.

In the year 1872 an Act was passed by the Legislature
authorizing the Commissioners of the Hospital to expend
$6,000 in building a Hospital for Infectious Diseases upon
the Hospital ground.

The Board of Health having obtained tlie use of the old
Military Hospital on the Barrack Ground for that purpose,
the Act was not enforced until the year 1885, when the
Common Council required the building to be removed from
the locality upon which it stood.

The Commissioners complying with the request, con-
cluded to erect one as directed by the law. Two months

History of the General Public Hospital.

staff were

itf, House
been coil-

ed.

appear

brmation.

ngs Bank

Dominion

he Ilospi-

44,269.69,

e invested

less than

iropriated

the Hos-

Hospital

President

egislature
o expend
ises upon

Df the old
purpose,
when the
)ved from

lest, con-
3 months

after the work had been commenced, and when about
$2,000 had been expended upon it, a cabal was inaugurated
by Mayor Macgregor Grant, who, appealing to prt^judices,
induced the various council boards to pass resolutions pro-
testing against the undertaking. The CJommissioners were
hounded to the bitter end b}' a memorial to the Legislature,
having the Civic Seals attached to it. This misleading
document was replete with false reasoning. Its author did
not dare to place a copy of it in the hands of the Com-
missioners before it was sent forward. Consequently the
members of the Legislature were left in ignorance of the
facts, and passed an Act placing the responsibility of the
location of the Hospital upon the shoulders of the Com-
missioners, thereby subjecting them to prosecution by an}'
person holding land adjoining that selected as a site for it.
The Legislature having previously declared that the "Hos-
pital for Contagious Disease shall be placed on the ground
of the General Public Hospital," no action can be taken
against its location. Happily for the tax-payer, the Legis-
tive Council did not ratify the Act, thereb}' saving to the
community the $2,000 already spent, $3,000 or $4,000 tor
land in some other locality, with the never-ending risk of
prosecution.

And now we have a Hospital for Contagious Diseases
on the Hospital ground, always ready for the reception of
suitable cases, in almost daily use, the cost of which was
$6,000, and contrary to the declared opinion of our oppo-
nents, the surrounding neighbourhood has not in any way
been contaminated or prejudiced by it.

A Nursing School was established in the year 1888,
Dr. Bayard giving the opening address, and Commissioners
Walker and Hetherington, together with the members of
the medical staff, the lectures to the students upon the
various subjects connected with their studies.

The Commissioners feeling the disadvantage of requiring
nurses to sleep and eat in the atmosphere of the sick, and

History of the General Public Hospital.

having no available room in the institution to provide them
with good atmospheric surroundings, and not having the
means at their disposal to furnish such accommodation,
they determined to appeal to philanthropists in aid of their
object; also to assist them in carrying out a scheme for
" District Nursing" in the city, a desideratum much needed.

Knowing the ability and the untiring zeal of the wife of
our Lieutenant Governor when engaged in a philanthropic
object, and believing that if they could enlist her in their
cause its success would be assured, consequently they ap-
proached Lady Tilley, and nobly she responded.

She, with the able assistance of verv manv ladies in this
city, in the provincial towns, and many abroad, gave a
building that will be a lasting monument of their good
work, and illustrating their kind sympathy for a class who
have embraced a calling with few attractions and many
hardships, and when performing their various duties in a
sick room faithfully and kindly, may be truly classed as
" ministering angels," and who deserve all the fostering
care that can be aiforded to them.

Appreciating the value of this gift, the Commissioners
read the following address to her :

To Lady Tili-ey.

Madam — The Commissioners of the General Public Hospital,
in addition to the verbal thanks already extended to you by our
President, desire to express to you more formally our appreciation
of the great value to the Hospital, and to the community at large,
of the Nurses' Home, recently presented to us by you. We would
express to you our admiration of the zeal and untiring energy
displayed by you, in bringing this charitable undertaking to such a
successful completion, and we would, through you, thank all those
who, under your leadership, have given so largely of both time and
means to this noble enterprise. We sincerely pray that your
ladyship's fondest anticipations may be more than fulfilled in the
value of this delightful home to the hard-worked Hospital nurses,
and that from this cheerful meeting place, there will go forth in

History of the General Public Hospital.

ovido thorn
havino; the
iiniodation,
lid of their
scheme for
jcli needed,
the wife of
lilanthropic
ler in their
ly they ap-

idies in this
ad, gave a

their good
a class who

and many
duties in a
' cUxssed as
iQ fostering

iimissioners

He Hospital,

you by our

appreciation

lity at large,

We would

ring energy

ng to such a

nk all those

nth time and

y that your

filled in the

pital nurses,

I go forth in

years to come, a devoted band of Didrict Nurses, whose ministra-
tions will prove a blessing to the place, and continue a lasting
memorial to your efforts in behalf of the sick poor. M.ay you live
long, and may your life be cheered by the refection of your good

works.

Signed by,

W. Bayard,
M. W. Maker,
G. H. Clark,
A. C. Smith,

R. W. Crookshank,
Thomas Walker,
G. A. Hetherington,
W. C. R. Allan.

In all communities there are sick persons, who, for
various reasons, cannot or will not obtain admission into
hospitals, and wdio are too poor to employ skilled nurses.
It is for such persons that District .Nurses are required. Dr.
Bayard, in liis address to the nurses at the opening of the
school in 1888, said: " They visit the houses of the indigent,
or those wlio cannot aiford to pay for a nurse, wherever
sickness exists, and attend to the various wants of the
patient. I sincerely hope that from this Hospital, we may
be able to afford a stafi' of nurses for that purpose. Only
those who are daily brought in contact with the misery,
accruing from the want of such nursing, can appreciate the
necessit}' for it. Imagine a small child with hip disease and
abscess, where ignorant handling would produce exquisite
agony. The skilled nurse alone, knows how to move the
small sulFerer so as not to jar the diseased limb. Another
patient, bedridden and suft'ering from disease, requiring
constant poulticing; the wife a helpless, nervous woman,
with her room in confusion. In a few minutes the trained
nurse has removed the crumbs from under him, replaced
the cold, sloppy poultice with a warm tirm one, given him
a warm cup of gruel, and made him comfortable. Or the
sick young mother, in a dark and impure room, with a
crying child at her side, too often drugged with ' sleepy
stuff' to enable the mother to obtain the rest which nature
demands. Here the nurse can teach the mother that infants

■■

History of the General Public Hospital.

thrive on light and air, not upon ' sleepy stuiF.' Each
nurse could visit from ten to twelve such cases in a day,
and return to the Hospital at night.

" The road to the heart is oftener through the eye than
the e;ir. I am quite sure if we could induce some of our
kind friends, who are taking such an interest in this
institution, to visit such cases as I have described, and see
the misery that could bo relieved by such nursing, there
would be no lack of lands for the support of it."

There is accommodation in the Nurses' Home for six
" district nurses,"' but the Commissioners have not authority
to draw upon the funds of the Hospital to pay them. Con-
secjuently an appeal has been made to the clergymen of the
different denominations in the City, to establish a Hospital
Sunday for that worthy object. The Commissioners propose
to feed them in the Hospital, and they ask kind philan-
thropists to furnish money to pay them.

Dr. Thomas Walker is Treasurer of the Nurses' Fund,
and will receive donations. The clergy of the Church of
England in St. John have responded, giving one nurse,
who has been on duty since December, 1894 — none of
the others — but it is earnestly hoped that they may soon
do so.

The proposition is to divide the city into six districts,
and detail a nurse for each district, whose duty shall be to
seek out and aid those requiring her assistance; and when
her district work will admit of it, she may obey the calls of
those able to pay for the services of a trained nurse.

Since the establishment of the Hospital up to the year
1883, the medical staif attended the sick gratuitously. At
that time the work became so onerous, coupled with the
difficulty of inducing experienced men to accept the situa-
tion, the Commissioners felt justified in paying each member
when employed $2 per day for one or more visits. The pay
is nothing commensurate with the work, but it is as much
as the funds of the institution can at present afford.

History of the General Public Hospital.

■.' Each
in a day,

I eye than
lie of our
it in this
1, and see
ng, there

le for six
authority
m. Con-
aen of the
1 Hospital
rs propose
d philan-

ses' Fund,
;hurch of
ne nurse,
none of
may soon

districts,
lall be to
and when
le calls of
se.

the year
usly. At

with the
the situa-
1 member

The pay

as much
i.

Six physicians and surgeons, two oculists, two or more
consultants, a dentist, and a house surgeon comprise the
medical staff. Their duties have not been divided into
medical and surgical, but it is hoped that in the near future
this will be accomplished. They are educated men, who
take large interest in their work, and ]>erfonn their various
duties faithfully, scientifically and effectually, as is amply
proved by their record of all the modern surgical operations.
The}' are appointed annually, and it may be remarked that
no capital operation is allowed to be performed — except
under special emergency — without notification and consul-
tation with the staff.

In the year 1889 it was found that the accommodation
for the sick was not sufficient for the demand upon it, conse-
quently the Commissioners asked the Legislature to grant
permission to sell bonds for the amount of $14,000 to com-
plete and furnish the building by adding the western wing.
This was done, and now we have a hospital with all modern
conveniences, capable of receiving one hundred and ten
patients, and affording each patient 1,800 cubic feet of air
space. Also a " Hospital for Contagious Diseases," capable
of receiving twenty-five patients, with a like air space.
Therefore, we may claim that the City of Saint John has
ample hospital accommodation for its present requirements,
and at a smaller cost than that of anv other town with the
same population.

The yearly expenditure for the Hospital in Halifax, with
few more patients, — sailon.- included — is between $38,000
and $39,000, and the one in Portland, Maine, with nearly
the same number of patients, is about $34,000, while the
yearly expenditure upon this institution is under $20,000.

When deducting the provincial grant — the Savings
Bank Bequest Fund — and the money received from pay
patients, — sailors included — the rate-payer is not burdened
to the extent of more than $12,000 yearly for this good
work, and he may credit the institution with a reduction

History of the General Public Hospital.

in his poor-rate. But he pays more than his share. For
the provincial grant — as will be seen In* referring to the
yearly reports — does not pay more than half the outlay for
the patients from the different counties in the Province and
the way-farers, in or passing through tlie city.

The Commissioners have repeatedly brought this fact
under the notice of the Government, contending that the
gran^ from the Province should be largely increased. They
were met by the contention that the " Savings Bank Bequest
Fund'" was a gift from the Province. '■'•This is fallacious,'"
for, after much personal persuasion, and through the able
assistance of Judge Weldon and Canon Scovil, the money
was obtained for the Hospital, as appears by the following
correspondence :

Saint John, September 1st, 1873.

To the Chairman of Commissioners of the Public Hospital.

Sir, — I am directed to enclose to you a copy of the resolution

passed by the Trustees of the St. John Savings Bank, and to

request the action of your Board in reference thereto at your

earliest convenience.

I am sir, yours respectfully,

John Boyd.

Moved by Rev. Canon Scovil, and seconded by Mr. Justice
Weldon :

Whereas, By the IGth Section of an Act, Chap. 6 of 34 Victoria,
passed by the Dominion Parliament, April 14, 1871, the St. John
Savings Bank, with its property, assets and liabilities, were trans-
ferred to the Dominion of Canada, subject to a proper allowance
for any surplus of such property in the settlement of account be-
tween the Dominion and the Bank ;

And whereas, On the adjustment of said account, the sura of
forty-two thousand and seventy-nine dollars has been placed in the
Bank of New Brunswick to the credit of the Trustees of the
St. John Savings Bank, with the accumulated interest now amount-
ing to the sum of forty-four thousand one hundred and eighty-two
dollars and ninety-five cents ($44,132.95), to be disposed of as the

History of the General Public Hospital.

hare. For
iiu' to the
! outlay for
ovince and

it this fact
\g that the
^ed. They
Ilk Bequest
fallacious,^'
fh the able
the money
e following

1st, 1873.

il.

he resolution
ink, and to
eto at your

HN Boyd.
Mr. Justice

34 Victoria,
;he St. John

were trans-
er allowance

account be-

the sura of
)laced in the
stees of the
low araount-
i eighty-two
sed of as the

said Trustees, with the approbation of the Dominion Government,
may think fit ;

Therefore resolved, That the above sum of $44,182.95, to 16th
of October, 1873, ^.ith any further interest till paid, be given, by
tiiid with the consent of the Government, to the Commissioners of
the General Hospital in the City of St. John, to be by them invested
in good and sufficie/:t public securities hearing not less than six per
cent, per annum, which interest alone shall be appropriated by
them towards the support and maintenance of said Hospital, to
enable the Commissioners to carry on their work mure efficiently ;

Provided nevertheless, That the said Commissioners do first pay
out of the said money, the sum of six hundred dollars per annum, in
four equal qur^rterly payments, to the widow of Daniel Jordan, Esq.,
late cashier of the St. John Savings Bank, during the term of her
natural life, the same to be paid to her from the time of Mr.
Jordan's death.

Conse(j[ueiitly forty-two thousand dollars of the above
named sum was invested in public securities. It is therefore
idle to claim that the money was a gift from this Province.

If the Provincial grant is not increased, the Commission-
ers will be driven to close the doors of the Hospital against
the sick from the out counties. For it is obviously unfair
that the people of this city and county should be burdened
with the pa*uper sick of the Province.

The Victoria General Hospital in Halifax, ^ova Scotia,
is a provincial institution — owned, managed and supported
bv the Provincial Government — yet it receives not double
the number of patients from the out counties that this one
does, the figures being for the Victoria 475 ; for this one
819. The foregoing should afford food for the considera-
tion of our legislators. The Commissioners have done all
in their power — the matter must now rest with the citizens.

In consequence of complaints against the management
of the Marine Hospital in this city, the Minister of Marine
requested the Commissioners to receive the sick sailors
arriving in this port into the Hospital, the Dominion Gov-

Hisf.ory of the General Public Hospital.

ermnenf to pay >//??<7// cods per du}' for each ri)an, and all
l)nrial exj)oiisos. This wns ii^sented to in February, 1893,
giving to the Hospital in future about two hundred addi-
tional patients yearly, for which rhe institiition will receive
between ,^3,000 and $4,000 per annum.

An " ambulance," for the purpose of conveying persons
seriously injured, seriously ill, or laboring under contagious
diseases, to the institution, is much required. The sufferers
are compelled to get there as best they can, and these
infected with contagious diseases are too often taken to the
Infectious Hospital in coaches, which coaches are used im-
mediately after, without disinfection of any kind.

In May, 1894, D?\ Bayard brought this subject to the
notice of the Mayor in the following letter:

Gkorge Rohertson, Esq.,

Mayor of the City of Saint John.

Mv Dear Sir — Allow me to bring to your notice, and to the
body over which you preside, the fact that an ambulance is sadly
recpiired in this city. There is no mode by which an individual
having received such an injury as to make it imperative that he
should be conveyed in a horizontal posture, or one so ill as to
demand the same care, can be conveyed to his home, or to the
Hospital. Such a want should not exist in a town the size of St.
John.

As an illustration, I may say to you that a short time since a
gentleman fell down a stair-way, and received such an injury that
to attempt to place him in a coach would have probably produced
instant death. He was obliged to lie where he fell for an hour and
a half before he could be moved to the Hospital, and then, at the
risk of his life, on a rough express wagon.

I have given Messrs. Price <fe Shaw plans of the most approved
kind at present in use in London. Enclosed is their estimate for
the cost — $885. It will be so constructed that it can carry con-
tagious diseases, and can be thoroughly purified in half an hour,
and there will be no risk of contagion to the driver.

It will not require to be often used, and could be kept in the
city stable, and a horse and driver furaished from there at little

History of the Genei'cl Public JTo8j,>fal.

II, and all
ary, 1893,
Ired a(l<li-
ill receive

ig persons
lontagious
e sufferers
xnd these
ken to the
3 used im-

ect to the

, and to the
nee is sadly

individual

ive that he

30 ill as to

or to the

size of St.

ime since a

injury that

y produced

in hour and

then, at the

st approved
jstimate for
carry con-
,lf an hour,

kept in the
ere at little

cost ; whercaf, if the Con)iiiissioncrs of the Hospital furnisihed one,
it would cost the city little short of ^1,000 a year, inasnuich as a
horse and man must al\va}s be on hand with little to do.

I have the honor to be.

Yours very truly,

W. Bayard.

Dr. Bavard having received no answer to the above note,
he cannot say what action has or will be taken upon it.

The history of an institution is worthless if not full and
true in every particular. I now approach the unpleasant
part of my subject, and have to record the first scandal
against ihe nos[>ital since its establishment.

On the 27th February, 1C89, a num with a diseased eye
was sent in, after the visiting hour of the oculist, by a
member of the staff, who had been in attendance upon him
for eiijht or ten days, assisted bv an oculist. Ilis disease
was ulceration of the cornea, with pus in the anterior
chamber (hypopyon). The day after admission the ulcer
penetrated the abscess, and the matter was discharged.
The next day lie left the Hospital, having been there about
fifty hours, when he again went under the treatment of
those who placed him there, and ultimately lost his eye.
About a year after this he prosecuted the Commissioners,
claiming that he h)st his eye in consequence of neglect.

When the case came into court, the chief witnesses
against the Commissioners were their paid employ^, Dr.
Daniel, and a disappointed aspirant to the situation of
oculist, Dr. Crawford. The trial resulted in a verdict for
the plaintift' — damages, $500; costs, $500. While it is the
duty of the oculist to visit his patients every other day, or
oftener if necessary, he did not see this man as he should
have done. The house surgeon was away on leave, and a
friend acting in his place, which may have accounted for,
though not excused, the neglect. But had Dr. Daniel dis-
played the same zeal for his patient that he did at the trial,
or the ordinary zeal that a medical man -attached to a

Histori/ of the General Piihlic Jfnsjutal.

hosjtitrtl should (lisi»lu> towurdn it, he would have hccii the
ocMiliftt, aud Hoc'ured hi.s 'ttt'udaiu'o u[)ou his [taticnt. Had
ho doue 80, his patient ertaiuly would have reeeivod the
l)eiietit of the treatmei lie uri^ed at the trial. IFe v/ould
have prevented the slander upon an institution of which he
was a paid meniher, and he would have saved the pocket of
the tax-payer to the extent of $1,000. And it may he asked
why he, or tlie oculist with him, did not perform the simple
operation of opening; the ahseess hefore they sent the man
to the Hospital ?

The Commissioners claim that the disease in the man's
eye was so far advanced when lie came to the Hospital that
an operation would have hcen of no avail ; that to afford a
prospect of success it should have heen done days hefore.

They claim that it is iwprecedentcd to hold the governing
hody of a hospital liahle for the malpractice or laches of a
member of the medical staff. They can find no such case
on record.

They claim that the result of this trial has done irrepar-
able injury to the institution, inasmuch Jis it has paved the
way to litigation and prosecution, which no amount of
vigilance and care on their part can prevent. They employ
the best men they can obtain, and make rigid rules and
regulations governing their conduct, but cannot alwjiys be
at hand to see them enforced. Indeed it has already yielded
fruit, for an action is now pending in the Supreme Court
against the Commissioners at the instance of a woman who
claims that she was discharged before she was well. A
pauper comes to our door; we admit him, feed and care
fur him, and wdien recovered we tell him to go. He likes
his quarters, and says no. We discharge him, and as a
return for what we have done he prosecutes us. This is
small encouragement for the philanthropist. But it will
continue ad infinitum unless such claimants are compelled
by legislative enactment to furnish security for the costs.
They have nothing to lose, and consequently embark into a

HlMory of the General Public Ilospiial.

1 Hccn the
nt. Usui
eivod the
lie would
which ho
[toekct of
{ be asked
;he simple
[ the man

the man's
spital that
to art'ord a
5 before,
governing
aches of a
such case

•ne irrepar-
paved the
imount of
ley employ
rules and
always be
idy yielded
erne Court
oman wlu)

well. A
I and care

He likes

, and as a

ii. This is

^ut it will

compelled

the costs,
jark into a

Hpeculative a'.'ti>>n. It will bo claimed that the interest of
the poor man should be guarded. True; so should that
of the giver.

We have to record scandal No. 2. In July, 1H08 a
statement ap|>eared in one of the newspapers, that Com-
missioner Clark iiad taken samples of various . nds, and
medicines from tiie Hosijit'il. The statement was of such a
character :is to dennmd immediate investigation, which was
made before a full Board.

The acknowledgments of Mr. Clark, coupled with the
evidence, made \i api)arent that he had taken samples.
"". bile the amount taken was trivial, and not in the nature
of stealing, still the mend)ers of the Board reluctantly came
to the unanimous conclusion, that his usefulness as a com-
missioner was destroyed, inasmuch as he could not prevent
the employes of the Institution from doing the same thing,
having been guilty himself. Consequently a resolution was
passed, urgently requesting him to resign. He declined to
do so, leaving no alternative but to place the resolution and
evidence into the hands of the Municipal Council, as the
appointing body. This was done, and the following is the
answer received :

Saint John, October 5th, 1893.

Dear Sru, — With reference to your letter to the Warden, of
date 29th August last, enclosing evidence taken before the Com-
missioners of the General Public Hospital, in an investigation held
by them, and their resolution thereon, requesting Mr. G. H. Clark,
a commissioner of the Hospital, to resign. I beg to inform you that
the same was laid before the October meeting of the Council of the
Municipality, when a resolution was passed to refer the matter to a
committee of the Council, " to investigate the same, and all matters
connected with the Hospital and its management, and report to the
Council."

The committee consists of the Mayor, and Councillors Law,
J. A. Chesley, O'Brien, Baxter, McLeod and Irvine.

I am, dear sir, your obedient servant,
W. Bayard, M. D., H. W. Frith, Secretary.

President Hospital Board of Commissioners.

History of the General Public Hospital.

The reHolutioii in a» extraonliimry owa to Huy the leant
of it. A Board, after an impartuil iiiveHtiifatioii, finds one
of itft mend)ers ^ujuilty of eonunittin^ a wronif, he its re<jueHtt'd
to renign, he deelineH, the resolution and evidence forwarded
to the parties appointing liini ; the anwer the Board re-
ceives, is the a[)pointment of a (joniinitteo with a rovinjL^
eoniniission, "lo investigate all matters conncctal with the Hos-
pital and its matuHjement." No charge was niade against the
Board, none could be formulated. Had the Council declared
that we had dealt harshly with Mr. Clark, or that the evi-
dence did not justify the resolution, we must iiave bowed to
that decision. Or had they decided the Clark matter, and
then demanded the investigation, we should have had no
cause of complaint, for we have always courted the fullest
[(ublicity for our acts. But when they ^msed the resolu-
tion upon the Clark matter, they did not treat the Com-
missioners with the confidence that men in their position
deserved. The .nembers of the committee claimed that a
want of confidence was not intended — that may be so — but
acts speak stronger than words, and no other construction
can be put upon the act. And it may be asked, does not
this act of the Council create an inducement for a Board to
condone or cover tiu act of an erring member, rather than
subject themselves to the treatment we have received ?

Several meetings of the investigating committee were
held at the Hospital. Every possible facility was afforded.
Nothing could be found for the hidden hand to disapprove
of, except that some of the Commissioners had suspected
Mr. Clark, and did not place their suspicions before the
Board. It did not enter their minds that it is an invidious
act to make a charge against a brother member, the ground
should be sure before it is made; and recent experience
would not encourage a man in that procedure, even with
the best proof at hand.

We cannot help feeling that the hidden hand placed the
investigating committee in an unenviable position when it

History of the Ot,.jral Public Ifospitaf.

the loawt
iiids one
tHjucHted
(rwiirdcd
►oard ro-
ll roving
( (hf Ifos-
uiiiHt the
(lechired
the evi-
L)owed to
tter, and
! had no
le fullest
resolu-
lie Com-
position
}d that a
so — but
3truction
does not
Board to
her than
ed?

tee were
itforded.
^approve
uspected
fore the
nvldious
) ground
perience
'en with

iced the
when it

inihiced that body to call for the opinions of the niedieal
men in the city regardini»: the management of the Hospital,
none of whom were present at the investigation. Tt was
apparent that the large majority di<l not approve of the call,
for i»nt three out of the forty appeared at the meeting. 'I'he
three ventilated their oitinions; two did not display their
usual judgment. The vaporings of the other can be ac-
counted for from the fact that he had been on the staff, and
was left off for cause. That but three out of tiie fortv could
be found to speak dis[»aragingly of the institution is largely
in its favor.

At this stage of the [)roceeding, Dr. Bayard placed his
resignation as Commissioner in the b uids of Warden Mc-
Lauelilan. That gentleman wrote him a kind letter rerpiest-
ing its withdrawal. Below is the Doctor's answer, declining
to do so :

St. John, January 1, 1894.

Dear Mr. McLauchlan — Nothing would give me greater
pleasure than to grant a request coming from you, pjirticularly
when it is couched in such kind and flattering terms as those
conveyed in your note.

When I placed my resignation as Hospital Commissioner in
your hands, I felt it prudent to do so without note or comment.
Your kind request makes it incumbent upon me to give you my
reasons for so doing.

When the resolution passed the County Council appointing a
committee with a roving commission " to inquire into all matters
regarding the management of the Hospital," I determined to resign
ray position, but delayed doing so in order that I might assist my
fellow-commissioners in affording every possible facility for investi-
gation to the committee. That investigation, I believe, has been
concluded, and I am now in a position to carry out my original
intention.

I came to this conclusion because I considered the act of the
County Council a declaration of '* want of confidence in the Board
over which I have the honor to preside." It has been claimed that
it was not so intended by the Council. It may not have been

History of the Getifrnf Public Hospital.

intended, but the fact remains : the investigation was ordered ;
such an order necessarily carries suspicion with it. What was the
suspicion? No cliarge was made; none couhl be formuhitcd by
the committee. Then it may be asked, was it riglit or just that a
body of gentlemen, performing a gratuitous work for the benefit of
suft'ering humanity, should, without any apparent reason, l)e sub-
ject to hostile criticism by the press — one writer going so far as to
class them as freebooters and thieves — or that they should be com-
pelled to defend their acts against irresponsible and disappointed
medical men ?

It is hard to trace the hidden hand moving in this matter. I
am unwilling to believe that the action of the Hospital Board in
the Clark matter is the cause. Yet, when looking for one, I can-
not find another. If sucl. is the case, a dangerous principle has
been established, inasmuch as it holds out an inducen)ent for a
Board to condone or cover the act of an erring member. Had the
Council passed a resolution that we had dealt harshly with Mr.
Clark, or that the evidence did not justify our conclusion, we
should have bowed to that decision. The acts of Mr. Clark were
right, or they were wrong. After due consideration we came to the
painful conclusion that they were wrong, and we feel that our deci-
sion hii.s received scant consideration at the hands of the Council.

1 have personally requested njy brother Commissioners not to
follow my example, for by so doing I believe the instituticm will
be seriously injured. I do not say that honest men could not be
obtained to fill their places ; but I do say that none could be ob-
tained who know the various duties so well, or who have the welfare
of the institution more at heart.

It may be claimed that if the committee report favorably of
the Commissioners, no harm is done. Not so ; we have been i»i the
])illory, and must necessarily come out swiled ; not in the eyes of
those who know us, but in the eyes of those abroad who do not
know us.

I wish it to be understood that I have no fault to find with the
investigating committee, the members of which treated us with
the utmost courtesy.

I have seen the Hospital rise from nothing to its present state
of usefulness. I have taken more than common interest in it. I
leave it with regret, not ia auger. I leave it as a matter of self-

History of the General Public Hospital.

I ordered ;
at was the
ulatcd by
just that a

! benefit of
n, be sub-
o far as to
Id be com-
lappointed

matter. I
Board in
)ne, I can-
nciple has
lent for a
Had the
with Mr.
lusion, we
Jhirk were
ame to the
t our J'^ci-
Council.
ers not to
Lution will
uld not be

II Id be ob-
;he welfare

vorably of
)oen in the
he eyes of
ho do not

cl with the
d Ma with

Bsent state
it in it. I
ter of self-

respect. And, sir, after the pcnis^al of my reason^*, I believe you
will agree with me that 1 have just cause for so doing.
I have the honor to remain,

Yours very sincerely,

W. Bayard.
C. McLanchlan, Esq.,

Warden County Council.

The following is the report of the oomiiiittee :

To the Warden and Council of the Municipality of the City and
County of St, John.

The special committee of Council, appointed in October last
under the following resolution, viz. :

That the communication and evidence sent up to this Council,
by the Commissioneis of the General Public Hospital, respecting
certain charges made against Commissioner George H. Clark, " be
referred to a committee of seven for investigation, together with all
matters connected with the Hospital and its management," such
committee to report thereon, beg now to report as follows :

The committee have held several meetings, at three of which
^he President and other members of the Hospital Board of Com-
missi(>iiers were present, and at two of which Mr. Clark was present.
They have heard all the evidence produced before them, and the
statements of Mr. Clark hin)self; several of the Commissioners,
Including the President, have been heard, and at the last meeting
of the committee ojjportunity was given for the attendance of medi-
cal men not on the staff of the Hospital or connected therewith,
when they were ikvored with the views of several physicians as to
the general tManage;<ient of the Hosp'.tal, and the committee having
also had fuii consideration of all matters referred to them, arrived
at the following conclusions:

First. They agree with the resolution of the Commissioners that
. while Mr. Clark, in the matters charged against him, acted with
no idea or intention of wrong-doing, his usefulness uS a commissioner
is destroyed. The committee regret that Mr. Clark did not, as
requested by the Board of Commissioners, tender his resignation,
but he has not seen fit to do so, the committee feel compelled to
reconmiend that the Council remove him from office.

History of the General Public Hospital.

Second, It appeared in evidence during the investigation of the
committee, that certain of the commissioners had for several years
been acquainted with some of the acts now charged against Mr.
Clark, and the committee cannot but regret that these acts were
not at the time brought before the Commissioners of the Hospital
for action.

[Third. This section has not been adopted, having been ordered
to lie on the table.]

Fourth. In view of the large number of non-paying patients
treated in tLe Hospital who come from all parts cf the Province
yutside of this city and county, the committee are strongly of
ojiinion that the aii'uiai grunt from the Government should be
increased, an-l they r 3commend that the Council should join with
the Commissioners in a renewed application to the Government to
increase the same.

Fifth. The committee submit here.vith a record '^^ +hcir pro-
ceedings, and of the evidence taken before them, as jlished in
the columns of The Sun.

Sixth. In conclusion the committee beg to say that, during this
investigation, and the visits of the committee to the Hospital in
connection therewith, they have had the hearty co-operation of the
President and all the Commissioners ; have been readily and frankly
afforded full information upon all matters of inquiry, and given
every opportunity to examine for themselves the Hospital buildings,
the officials employed, and the patients under treatment.

The committee recommend that a copy of this report be for-
warded to the Commissioners.

Respectfully submitted.
Signed by Thomas W. Peters, J. McLeod,

John Irvine,
John B. M. Baxter,

H. W. Frith, Secretary.

A. L. Law,
John A. Chesley,
K. O'Brien.
St. John, January 16, 1894.

On the 16th of January, 1894, G. R. Vincent, Esq.,*
oftered the following resolution regarding Dr. Bayard's
resignation :

Whereas, Wra. Bayard, Esq., M. D., was in July, 1860, ap-
pointed a Commissioner of the General Public Hospital, and was

History of the General Public Hospital.

Ltion of the
veral years
igainst Mr.
e acts were
le Hospital

ien ordered

iig patients
le Province
strongly of
should be
d join with
ernment to

♦heir pro-
jiished in

during this
Hospital in
ltion of the
md frankly
and given
buildings,

»ort be for-

ER,

ecretary.

Bnt, Esq.,'
Bayard's

1860, ap-
I, and was

immediately thereafter elected chairman of the commission of the
said Hospital, the onerous duties of which he has faithfully and
honestly discharged, to the entire satisfaction of this Council, and
the public at largo ;

And whereas. This Council recognizes and fully appreciates the
successful efforts of Dr. Bayard on behalf of the institution, and his
deep devotion to its interests, for which he has labored for more
than a third of a century, and which, under his management, has
been gradually enlarged and fully equipped, until it ban attained
its present magnificent proportions and usefulness, standing as it
does to-day, a nionument to the indomitable energy of Dr. Bayard,
and a credit to the City and County of St. John ;

And whereas, During all these years of faithful and successful
management, and the accomplishment of so much under most try-
ing circi'.P'stances, this Council has learned to look upon Dr. Bayard
as the father of the institution ;

And ivhereas. This Council desires to express regret, that any
misunderstanding resulted from the passage of a resolution, at the
last meeting of the Board, relating to Hospital matters, and to as-
sure Pr. Bayard that no reflection was intended to be cast on him ;
but on the contrary, the Council always had and still has, the
utmost confidence in his honesty, integrity and ability, to discharge
the duties of commissioner and chairman, which he has so long
discharged at great personal sacrifice, and without fee or reward.

Therefore resolved, That this Council do not now accept Dr.
Bayard's resignation as such Conmiissioner, but earnestly request
him to withdraw the same, and that a copy of this resolution be
fowarded by the secretary to him under the corporate seal.

This resolution did not please the hidden hand, conse-
quently Dr. Bayard received the following :

At a meeting of the Council of the Municipality of the City
and County of Saint John, held at the Court House, in the City of
Saint John, on Tuesday, 16th January, A. D. 1894 —

Read a letter from Dr. William Bayard to the Warden, request-
ing him to place Dr. Bayard's resignation as member of the Board
of Hospital Commissioners before the County Council ;

" Wheretcpon resolved, That this Council do not now accepjt Dr.
Bayard's resignation as such Commissioner, but earnestly request

History of the General Public Hospital.

him to withdraw the same, and that a copy of this resolution be
forwarded to him by the secretary under the corporate seal."

True extract from the minutes. In testimony where jf I have
hereunto set the seal of the said Municipality this 17th
day of January, A. D. 1894.
[Seal] (Signed) H. W. Frith,

Secretary.

This resolution is in keeping with many that have pre-
ceded it from the municipal authorities of the day since the
commencement of Dr. Bayard's efforts to establish a hospital
in this city. The members of the Hospital Board liave
occasionally found themselves compelled to differ from the
civic authorities upon points connected with the manage-
ment of the institution. This was done under the firm
conviction that they were acting for the best interest of all
concerned, not with the wish or intention of ignoring public
opinion. ])r. Bayard asks neither praise nor thanks for
anvthing he has done ; but when kind words are offered,
and refused, it displays the existing feeling towards him by
the majority of the Council. To Mr. Vincent, and those
who supported him in the kind expressions offered, he owes
a debt of gratitude; to those who refused them, he leaves
to the enjoyment of their triumph.

As a[)pears by the following letter to Warden McLauchlan
from Dr. Bayard, that he has withdrawn his resignation,
thereby sulvjccting himself to be made use of a little longer.
But it is evident from its wording, that the withdrawal was
in consequence of the expressed wish — by resolutions — of
his l)rother commissioners and the members of the medical
staff:

Charles McLauchlan, Esq.,

Warden of the County Council.
Dear Sir — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of a
resolution passed by the County Council declining to accept my
resignation as a member of the Hospital Board of Commissioners,
and " urgently requesting me to withdraw the same."

ssMMt?--" imrvm- ■.■f^ f %

History of the General Public Hospital.

solution be

eal."

•f jf I have

;y this 17th

:ITH,
secretary.

have pre-
y since the

a hospital
oard have
r from the
e manage-
r the lirm
erest of all
ring public
thanks for
ire offered,
I'd 8 him by

and those
id, he owes
he leaves

cLauchlan
esignation,
ttle longer,
rlrawal was
ntions — of
he medical

■%

receipt of a
accept my
mmissioners,

In answer, I have to say that unanimous resolutions having
been passed by the Board of Commissioners and tlie members of
the medical staff of the institution, strongly urging me to retain my
position at the Board, induce me to obey the expressed wish of the
Municipal Council, I consequently withdraw the same.

I have the honor to be.

Yours truly,

W. Bayard.
St. John, xMarch 26, 1894.

It appears that there is no rest for the Hospital Com-
missioners, for, on the 25th of May, 1894, the following
communication was received from the County Secretary :

[Memorandum.]

The following is a true copy of Section 3 of the Report of the
Special Committee of the Council of the Municipality appointed in
October last under the following resolution :

"That the communication and evidence sent up to this Council,
by the Commissioners of the General Public Hospital, respecting
certain charges made against Commissioner George H. Clark, 'be
referred to a committee of seven for investigation, together with all
matters connected with the Hospital and its management,' such
committee to report thereon."

Section 3. While as the result of inquiry into the general man-
agement of the Hospital, the committee are satisfied that the affairs
of the Hospital are carefully conducted, and that a vast deal of
unremunerated time and labor are bestowed upon them by the
President and all the Commissioners, the committee would recom-
mend the following changes as improvements on the present system,
that is to say :

That paying patients shall be allowed to have the attenaar.c*^ in
the Hospital of their own physicians ; and

That the purchasing of supplies, ti duty of which is now
thrown on a single commissioner during the month which he takes
in rotation with his fellow-commissioners, should be made the busi-
ness of some responsible official paid by the institution.

The report containing the above section was submitted to the
Council at a meeting held on the 16th day of January last past,

■;i#iW/*'J

History of the General Puhfio Ilosiyital.

and the whole of said report was adopted except the third section,
which was by resolution laid on the table.

That at a meeting of the said Council, held on the 8th day of
May instant, the said section was taken ofi'the table and considered,
and the following resolution passed :

Resolved, That so much of the report as relates to the attend-
ance of physicians on their private patients be adopted, and that
the Commissioners be recommended to intrust the purchased sup-
plies to an official, if it can be done without increasing the expenses
of the institution. (. ^ Vincent,

[Seal] County Secretary.

St. John, N. B., May 25th, A. D. 1894.

Govereiied by the by-laws of the Hospital, a large
majority of the articles required for the institution are
obtained by tender; others cannot be so obtained — the
Commissioner of the month, with the sanction of the Board,
purchases them, but he cannot individually spend more than
$20 during his month, without such sanction given before
or at the next board meeting. The members of the Muni-
cipal Council are well aware of these facts. Then it may
he asked, why the above resolution was passed ? with its
extraordinary proviso : " If it can be done without increas-
ing the expenses of the institution." Is it done to cast
suspicion upon the integrity of the Commissioners ? For I
am unwilling to believe that any member expects that a
man can be found who will do this work for nothing ; or if
found, will not pay himself. Personally I have no interest
in the matter, never having purchased ten cents worth of
provisions for the institution, but I assume equal responsi-
bility. The Commissioners do not covet the work, but as
they are responsible, they prefer to trust those they know,
rather than one they do not know, hence the following
answer :

At a meeting of the Commissioners, January 11, 1895 —
Resolved, That the Commissioners cannot recommend any change
in the purchase of supplies for the Hospital, as they do not consider

Hisiwy of the General Public Hospital,

hird section,

e 8th day of
[1 considered,

3 the attcnd-

;ed, and that

rehased sup-

the expenses

CENT,

ty Secretary.

large

111, a
titution are
tained — the
r the Board,
d more than
i;iven before
[f the Muni-
hien it may
d? with its
out increas-
oiie to cast
ers ? For I
)ects that a
hing ; or if
no interest
its worth of
al responsi-
vork, but as
they know,
le following

i95 —

id any change
not consider

it would be in the interest of the Hospital, and could not be done
without a very considerable extra expense.

At the same meeting, the question of allowing paying
patients to have the attendance in the Hospital of their own
physicians was discussed, when the following resolution was
passed :

That the Commissioners of the General Public Hospital cannot
recommend that any change be made in the present medical man-
agement of the Hospital, as we do not believe it would be conducive
to the best interest of the institution, and would, we believe, add
very largely to the cost of management.

This did not please the hidden hand, as appears by the
following resolution :

At a meeting of the Council of the City and County of St. John,
held at the Court House, in the City of St. John, on Tuesday, the
15th day of January, A. D. 1895, the following resolution was

" Whereas, This Municipal Council having heard read the com-
munication from the Commissioners of the Public Hospital, in
which they decline to accede to the request of this Council that
private paying patients should have the privilege of being attended
by their own physicians whether on the staff of the Hospital or not ;

"Inhere/ore resolved, That the Commissioners of the General
Public Hospital be requested to try the experiment, and that a
committee of this Council be appointed to confer with the Commis-
sioners on the subject."

The Warden appoints the following councillors on such com-
mittee : McRobbie, Catherwood, Daniel, Christie, Baxter, Lee and
Dunn.

I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct extract

from the minutes of the Council of the Municipality of the City

and County of St. John, embodying the resolution in regard to

^ Hospital matters, passed at the meeting of said Council on the

fifteenth day of January, 1895.

(Signed) Geo. R. Vincent,

Secretary.

Hhtory of ihe General Public Hospital.

Acceding to the rc(|Ut'8t, tlie Coinniissionors met the
committee named, sit the ofKce of the Municipulity, on the
2l8t of March instant, and, after a prolonged discussion,
the matter was left as it stood hefore.

At a meeting of the Hospital Commissioners, on the 3rd
of May, 1895, tiie following resolution was passed :

The Commissioners having, on the 21st of March, met with a
committee of the Municipal Council for the purpose of further
considering a request of the said Council, that pay patients at the
Hospital be allowed, if required, to have the service of their own
physicians outside of the Hospital staff, and having heard the
arguments of the connnittee of the Council regarding the matter,
are still of the opinion that it would not be in the general interest
of the Hospital to make any change in this department, and that
the secretary write to the secretary of the municipality to this effect."

The idea of making the Hospital a hoarding-house for
the patients of every doctor ii> the city ha., been pursued
with a determination worthy of a better cause.

In April last, at the instance of Dr. Berryman, a petition
urging this measure — signed by half of the medical men
in the city — was placed before the Board of Commissioners,
but the arguments in support of it were not such as to
induce them to rescind their former decision.

Our answer is, that room does not exist in the institution
for such patients without excluding the poor, for whom
alone the Hospital was established. It is incidental to all
hospitals to have a few rooms for accident or emergency,
but it never was contemplated that they should be open to
all. It is idle to contend that the wealthy should be admit-
ted because they contribute to its support. They contribute
to the support of many institutions, but I have not heard of
their demanding admission to anv. Xo ! this movement is
for the benefit of the petitioners, who, having failed to
establish a private hospital for their patients, come forward
and ask the rate-payer to furnish one for them. Appreciat-
ing their wish to obtain rooms, skilled nursing, continued

■9,

Hintortj of the General Public Hospital.

.TH mot the

ilitv, on the

discussion,

«, on the 3rd
ed :

h, met with a
86 of further
)atient8 at the
of their own
ig heard the
g the matter,
nieral intereBt
lent, and that
to this effect."

iig-house for
een pursued

,n, a petition

nedical men

nmissioners,

such as to

e institution

for whom

iental to all

emergency,

be open to

d be admit-

y contribute

not heard of

novement is

ig failed to

)me forward

Appreciat-

^, continued

medical and surgical supervision, medical and surgical in-
struments, api»liances, etc., I feel, as a Commissioner dis-
bursing pul)lic money, I have not the right to grant ^"ich
privileges at tlie expense of the rate-payer.

We have been asked to try the experiment ; we answer,
we have no right to try experiments with the public funds.
The word exi)eriment implies a risk. If we lose — of which
vfe have little doubt — what then?

Again, it may be asked, have the petitioners take : into
consideration the risk of placing their patients — when it
can be avoided — in the atmosphere of a hospital that has
been in constant occupation for thirty years. They should
know, that with all the care possible, the air of such hos-
pital cannot be made so pure as a private house with proper
sanitary surroundings that has not been made a receptacle
for the sick; the safety of their patients should be their first
consideration. It is more than probable that the other half
of the profession who refused to sign the petition, had this
risk in their minds.

It has been claimed, that by granting this petition, it
would prevent persons from going abroad to seek surgical
f aid ; daily experience proves such a claim to be fallacious.

Hospitals are institutions that should commend them-
selves to the sympathy of all classes. To the poor, for whom
alone they are established, and to the rich, who see the
result of their good work — a form of charity, to which,
every individual should be proud and glad to contribute his
mite. For I hold, that no man — whatever his prejudices
may be — can pass through the wards of one, without being
impressed with the care and comfort extended towards each
and every sufferer who receives the daily, and I may say
the hourly attention of the experienced physician, with the
kind and gentle aid of the skilled nurse. And as the road
to the heart is oftener through the eye than the ear, we
solicit the visits of all to this one.

History of the General Vublk Hosjiital,

While tlie large majority accept thcKC giftH with grati-
tude, there is another class who deinand this charity as a
right, and would not be satisfied it' "Angel Gabriel" aj)-
peared and ininistered to their wants. This class is largely
composed of persons wlio, having deceived the (/oniniis-
sioners regarding their poverty, occupy the beds ot'the poor
at the expense of the rate-itayer.

Again, the "out-door departments" of all hospitals are
widly abused. Tt is claimed that in London nearly 2,000,000
visits are paid yearly to the various hosi>itals by ajtjOicants
for advice and medicine, one-half of whom are not fit sub-
jects for such charity, being well able to pay for that which
they obtain. This abuse has so alarmingly reduced the
voluntary contributions to those institutions that the autho-
rities are making strong efforts to remedy the evil.

This evil does not exist in the same proportion in St.
John, bu: W3 are approaching it. The Commissioners find
it difficult io discriminate, and the waiting-room at the Hos-
pital is often occupied by persons who would feel insulted if
classed as paupers, and who would not dare to ask such
charity from any other source. I do not wish to convey the
impression that such charity should not be afforded. Better
to give to two undeserving, than to withhold from one who
really deserves it.

It would fill pages to name each individual who has
contributed valuable articles for the comfort of the sick and
afflicted in this institution; also, the lady visitors who, by
their presence and kind sympathy, have done so much to-
wards relieving the misery of the sick bed. To one and all
we here tender our sincere thanks.

(a/.

'ts with grati-
I charity as a
Gabriel" ap-
lass i.s largely
the C/ommis-
Is of the poor

iiospitals are
irly 2,000,000
by a I ►plica I its
c not fit Hub-
)r that which
reduced the
at the aiitho-
ivil.

ortion in St.
issioners lind
1 at the IIos-
el insulted if
to ask such
convey the
ied. Better
om one who

APPENDIX.

lal who has
the sick and
ors who, by
so much to-
one and all

TRAINING SCHOOL

IN CONNECTION WITH

General Public Hospital.

The followincr ladies, 32 in number, have fulfilled all the
requirements to entitle them to their diploma. In addition
to having two years' practical care of the sick in the general
and private wards of the Hospital, they have passed a satis-
factory examination, both written and oral, on the following
subjects : Topographical Anatomy, Physiology, Administra-
tion of Anresthetics, Materia Medica, Theory and Practice of
Medical and Surgical Xursing, Obstetrical Nursing, Gynecol-
ogical Nursing, Care of Patients after Surgical Operations on
the Eye and Ear, Care of Patients after Special Operations :

Miss Janet Bacon Digby, N. S.

H. Evylene Drury Montreal, P. Q.

Eliza P. Hegnn Charlotte Street. City.

J. Bryce Murdoch G. P. Hospital, City.

Alice Morris Fairville, N. B.

Susan Patterson Waterloo Street, City.

Jessie Sheraton Charlottetown, P. E. I.

Emma Thomas Broad Street, City.

Laura Boyce Fredericton, N. B.

Miriam Perry St. John, West.

Gertrude Powers Carmarthen Street.

Mary McAllister Sussex, N. B.

Mary Robertsoii Upper Loch Loraoud.

Elizabeth Williams High Street, City.

Kate Holt Duke Street, City.

Bertha Chesley Douglas Avenue.

Isabella Murdoch Milltown, N. B.

Eva Coram Paradise Row, City.

Annie Delaney Douglas Avenue, City.

Daisy Hanson Lepreaux, N. B.

.(36)

Miss

Mrs,

Miss

((

((
<(
((
<(
11

Miss

«
it
<(
(I
«
<(
<<
((
<(
«

Appendix.

Ada Ferguson Princess Street, City.

Agnes D. Carson G. P. Hospital, City.

Minnie Armstrong Dorchester, N. B.

Alice Kierstead BelleisJe, Kings Co.

Letitia Robinson Union Street, City.

Berth n Roxboroiigh St. John, West.

Emma Mitchell Millidge Street, City.

Leua Jones Douglas Avenue, City.

Mi^rgaretta Morris Fairville, N. B.

Ella Tait Dorchester, N. B.

Ada Titus Titusville.

Ella Betts St. oohn, North.

PUPIL NUR8ES IN TRAINING.

Gertrude Williams Douglas Avenue, City.

Annie E. Fulton St. John, West.

Lena Murray Orange Street, City.

Annie Gillies Springfield, Kings Co.

Annie Bell Paradise Row.

Annie Racine 16 Elliott Row.

Ada Burns Priuce William Stre^^t.

Nellie Clark Carleton.

Susie Wilson Waterloo Street.

Plary McGourty Waterloo Street.

Blanch Kellier Springfield, Kings Co.

May Murphy 50 City Road.

Minnie Melaney 34 Pitt Street.

Melissa Browne St. Martins.

DISTRICT NURSE.

Ella Betts.

Appendix.

Street, City,
spital, City.
iv, N. B.
Kings Co.
reet, City.
West.

Street, City.
Avenue, City.
N. B.
r, N. B.

North.

L venue, City.
West,
reet, City,
i, Kings Co.
Jow.
Row.
illiara StrCw^t.

Street.

i, Kings Co.

oad.

•eet.

IS.

TABLE OF ADMISSIONS AND DISCHARGES

From 1865 to 1895.

Year.

1865.

1866.

1867.

1868.

1869.,

1870.,

1871.,

1872.,

1873..

1874..

1875..

1876..

1877-..

1878..

1879..

1880..

1881..

1882..

1883..

1884..

1885..

1886..

1887..,

1888..,

1889..,

1890..,

1891...

1892..,

1893...

1894...

1895..

'135
231
272
268
330
333
285
344
436
'403
!432
I 420
442
513
383
373
372
383
338
335
360
358
373
468
511
578
672
598
758
716
745

229 i 67
295 1 87

295
309
376
369
435
450
472

102
113
143
109
108
106
101

85 9
151 35
157 56
162 38: 11
221 I 36
206: 31
196 34
231 12
3001 43 14
281 ; 42 I 2
310 49 1 2
296 45 11
342; 28 9
328; 67 24
223 51 i 29
196; 52! 29
196 1 57! 6
200 66! 10
185 661 29
209 37! 16
240 41 I 18
214 ! 57 I 25
21

14
22
38
33
26
63
24
44

Q : :5

10
4
2

20
5

11
8
7
3
5
5
8
9
8
7
3
2
4

2
2

• ■ •

1
2
8
1
4
1
4

3
6

18
29
24
15
11
13
16
8
8
25
11
26
25
12
19
15
16

7
6
17
16
20
24
18
22

15 23

11 ! 19

25
26
22

24 ! 32

16
18
22
23
26
30
20
24
10
15
31
27
43
29
38
46
38

S3
S

25'

P-l

242

217

264

412

484

324

1300

1137

885

1353

1640

1298

1176

817

795

815

Appendix.

Money Received from the
Legislative Grant.

^868 ..... $ 500 00

•i^69 1^000 00

^S"<> 1,200 00

1^71 1,200 00

18"2 1,200 00

1^73 1,200 00

1^74 1^200 00

1^75 1,500 00

1876 1,500 00

1877 1,500 00

1878 1,500 00

1879 1,500 00

1880 1,500 00

1881 1,500 00

1882 1,500 00

1883 2,000 00

1884 2,000 00

1885 2,000 00

1886 2,000 00

1887 2,000 00

1888 2,000 00

1889 2,000 00

1890.... 3,000 00

1891 3,000 00

1892 3,000 00

1893 3,000 00

1894 3,000 00

1895 3,000 00

Money Received from the
Savings Bank Fund.

18"4 St2,520 00

! 1875 2,520 00

I 1876 2,520 00

1877 2,520 00

1878 2,520 00

1879 2,520 00

1880 2,520 00

1881 2,520 00

1882 2,520 00

1883 2,520 00

1884 2,520 00

1885 2,520 00

1886 2,520 00

1887 2,520 00

1888 2,520 00

1889 2,520 00

1890 2,520 00

1891 2,520 00

1892 2,520 00

1893 2,520 00

1894 2,520 00

1895 2,568 90

Appendix.

Receipts from Pay Patients.

1865 $ 258 52

1866 518 .5

1867 249 87

1868 167 96

1869 436 70

1870 290 95

1871 337 50

1872 337 75

1873 309 30

1874 236 00

1875 242 00

1876 768 25

1877 571 70

1878 572 62

1879 176 00

1880 138 78

1881 209 57

1882 540 64

1883 591 59

1884 649 74

1885 564 25

1886 353 28

1887 622 00

1888 1,368 62

1889 1,125 38

1890 1,035 42

1891 1,308 88

1892 1,367 70

1893 1,743 36

1894 1,438 82

1895 1,670 56

Received from the Dominion

Government for Sick

Sailors.

1893 $3,559 20

1894 2,788 00

1895 3,169 50

Paid Interest on Building.

1865 $2,558 14

1866 2,569 91

1867 2,671 53

1868 2,838 48

1869 2,708 60

1870 2,842 85

1871 2,828 63

1872 2,760 00

1873 2,760 00

1874 2.760 00

1875 2,760 00

1876 2,760 00

1877 2,760 00

1878 2,760 00

1879 2,760 00

1880 2,760 00

1881 2,760 00

1882 2.760 00

1883 2,760 00

1884 2,760 00

1885 2,910 00

1886 1,380 00

1887 1,356 00

1888 1,356 00

1889 1,356 00

1890 1,632 00

1891 1,756 00

1892 1,756 00

1893 1,766 00

1894 1,916 00

1895 1,916 00

Appendix.

The following list comprises the Commissioners ap-
pointed up to date :

Appointed by the Municipality.

1860. Senator John Rob'^rtson.

Wni. Bayard, M. D., Edin.
Wm. H.'Scovil, Esq.
Appointed by the Common Council.

R. W. Crookshank, Esq.
John McLaughlin, Esq.

Substittites.

1865. Wm. H. A. Keans, Esq., vice Robertson.
1870. M. W. Maher, Esq., vice Scovil.
1876. J. R. Marshall, Esq., vice McLaughlin.
G. H. Clark, Esq., vice Keans.

1881. T. Walker, M. D., Edin., vice Marshall.

Appointed by the Government.

1882, Judge Walters.

A. Chipman Smith, Esq.
8. Z. Earle, M. D.
G. A. Barker, Esq.

Substitutes.

1890. G. A. Hetherington, M. D., vice Barker.

1890. W. C. R. Allan, Esq., mie Earle.

1892. J. McGoldrick, Esq., vice Watters.

1894. J. Berryman, M. D., Edin., vice Clarke (appointed

by the Common Council).
1896. A. G. Addy, M. D., vice Hetherington.

The following list comprises the physicians and surgeons
who have served the institution, and the dates of their
appointments :

1865. LeBaron Botsford, M. D.
Edwin Bayard, M. D.
T. W. Smith, M. D.
J. T. Steeves, M. D.
G. E. S. Keator, M. D.
W. S. Harding, M. R. C. S. L.

i
•1

Appendix.

sioiiers ap-

1866.
1868.

1872.
1873.
1874.

1877.
1878.
1879.
1882.
1883.

1884.

1887.
1889.

1890.
1891.
1893.

1894.
1896.

(appointed

surgeons
of their

1887.
1893.
1895.
1896.

Situation
it, as he had

G. A. Hamilton, M. D.

L. Maclaren, M. R. C. S. E.

Dr. Baxter.

S. Z. Earle, M. D.

L. Allison, M. D.

James Christie, M. D.

W. T. Coleman, M. D., Oculist.

J. D. White, M. D.

T. Walker, M. D.

T. W. Daniel, M. D.

Boyle Travers, M. D.

Wm. Christie, M. D.

M. F. Bruce, M. D., Oculist.

Murray Maclaren, M. D., Edin., etc.

G. R. Crawford, M. D., Oculist.

A. F. Emery, M. D.

W. W. White, M. D.

G. A. Hetherington, M. D., Pathologist.

T. D. Walker, M. D.

H. D. Fritz, M. D., Oculist.

R. S. Robertson, M. D., Dentist.

G. A. B. Addy, Pathologist.

Staff on duty in 1896.
James Christie.
Wm. Christie.
Murray Maclaren.
A. F. Emery.
W. W. White.
T. D. Walker.
M. F. Bruce, Oculist.
H. D. Fritz, Oculist.

Consulting Staff.
Dr. T. Walker.
Dr. J. D. White.
Dr. J. Berrymau.
Dr. A. G. Addy.

offered to Dr. Bayard, but he refused to accept
not served on the staff.

Appendix,

Secretaries.

1860. John Ansley.

1867. Robert Seely.

1872. Dr. Barteaux.

1876. Dr. Hannington.

1878. Dr. Crookshank.

1882. T. F. Raymond.

1892. I. Olive Thomas.

House Surgeons.
Dr. J. Sinclair.
Dr. Baxter.
Dr. MeCurdy.
Dr. Barteaux.
Tir. Hannington.
Dr. Crookshank.
Dr. Crawford.
Dr. Duncan.
Dr. Emery.
Dr. Esson.
Br. G. A. B. Addy.
Dr. W. A. Christie.
Dr. Ellis.

1865.

1866.

1868.

1872.

1876.

1878.

1882.

1885.

1887.

1889.

1891.

1893.

1896.

1865.
1866.
1888.
1890.
1891.
1895.

Matrons.
Mrs. Mary Craig.
Mrs. Higgins.
Miss Julia Purdy.
Miss J. B. Murdock.
Miss E. P. Hegan.
Miss B. B. Chesley.

Appendix.

ST. JOHN TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES

IN CONNECTION WITH GENERAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL.

The Government of the School to be the same as that of the
Hospital ; the nurses being in the Hospital service, and to receive
six dollars per month first year, and eight dollars second year.
This is not to be considered wages, their instruction being considered
as a full equivalent for their services.

Application for positions as pupils to be made to the Resident
Physician of the Hospital on the prescribed forms.

Applicants, after approval by the Resident Physician and the
Directors of the School, will be received for one month on trial.
During this month they are boarded and lodged at the Hospital,
but will receive no compensation in money. They will be under
the authority of the Resident Physician and Directors, and subject
to the Rules of the Hospital.

Their fitness for the work, and the propriety of retaining or
dismissing them at the end of the month of trial, will be determined
by the Directors on the recommendation of the Resident Physician ;
and the same authority may discharge them at any time for mis-
conduct or inefficiency.

The most desirable age for candidates is from twenty to thirty
years.

All Nurses before entering Training School must present a
Seventh Grade School Certificate, or an equivalent, or else pass an
Examination set by the Board of Examiners.

When a pupil shall have completed the full term of two years
and passed a satisfactory examination, she will receive a Diploma,
certifying to her period of training, her proficiency and good
character.

Said Diploma will be signed by the President, the Resident
Physician, the Matron, and the Examiners to be appointed by the
Directors, and countersigned by the Secretary of the Commission,
who will keep a record of all such Diplomas in a book for the
purpose.

Appendix.

The Directors reserve the right to terminate the connection of
a pupil with the School for any reason they may deem sufficient.

The course of instruction includes Clinical as well as Didactic
Lectures on :

1. The dressing of burns, ulcers and wounds; the prepara-

tion and application of fomentations and poultices;
of cups and leeches, and minor dressings.

2. The administration of enemas, and the use of the catheter,

and the giving of baths.

3. The principles of massage, with practical exercises.

4. The care of patients' rooms ; changing sheets while a

patient is in bed.

5. The management of helpless patients; changing their

clothing, giving baths in bed, and preventing bed-
sores.

6. Bandaging; making bandages and rollers ; lining splints.

7. Ventilation ; antiseptic treatment of wounds.

8. How to treat emergencies, such as hemorrhage.

9. To observe accurately the state of secretions, expectora-

tions, pulse, skin, appetite, temperature, sleep, irrup-
tions, effect of diet, or stimulants, or medicine ; also,
in the management of convalescents. This instruction
is mainly given by the Superintendent and Matron.
10. The preparation, cooking, and serving of nutritious and
appetizing food.

Examinations will take place from time to time, relative chiefly
to practical points.

All pupils to be subject to the Rules of the Hospital in the same
manner as those under pay. •

The nurses are liable to be sent to nurse outside the Hospital ;
all money received for such service to go to the benefit of the
Training School in such manner as the. Directors may see fit.

All nurses to be entitled to two weeks' vacation during the year
without loss of pay, at such time as may be found convenient.

All accepted as pupils after the month of trial must sign a
written agreement to remain at the School for two years, and con-
form to its Rules.

connection of

I sufficient.

II as Didactic

the prepara-
nd poultices;

' the catheter,

ercises.

leets while a

anging their
venting bed-

ining splints.

ge.

s, expectora-
sleep, irrup-
dicine; also,
is instruction
id Matron,
itritious and

ative chiefly

in the same

e Hospital ;
nefit of the
ee fit.

ng the year
en lent.
Qust sign a
fs, and con-

Appmdix. 45

1 The full term of two years to mean a full course of twenty-four

f months ; time lost by sickness or absence to be made up.

I The Board of Directors shall consist of four Commissioners to

I be elected annually at the Regular Meeting in May. The visiting

I Commissioner shall be ex-officio a member of the Board of Directors.

I Saint John, N. B., October 1, 1888.

I THIS PAPER is to be filled out (in the Candidate's own handwnt-
I ing) and sent to Resident Physictan, General

Public Hospital, Saint John, N. B.

1. Name in full, and present address
of candidate

2. Are you a single woman or widow ?

3. Your present occupation or em-
ployment ?

4. Age last birthday, and place of
birth?

5. Height and Weight?

6. Where educated?

7. Are you strong and healthy ? and
have you always been so?

8. Have you any physical defect?....

Appendix.

9. If a widow, have you children ? r
How many? How are thoy ]
provided for? (

10. Where (if any) was your last situ- f
ation ? How long were you in it ? /

11. The names' in full and addresses
of two persons to be referred to.
State how long each has known
you. If previously employed,
one of them must be the last
employer. Neither one of them
shall be a relative

has known lue

years

lias known me

years

I declare the above statement to be correct.
Signed

Candidatt

Date

Appendix.

RECAPITULATION

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR G. P. HOSPITAL.

Dr.

Received from Taxes for Hospital Support

andlnterest 8329,091 70

" " Pay Patients and Sailors 29,263 46

" " Legislative Grant 51,500 00

" " Interest on Savings Bank

Bequest Fund 53,922 90

$463,778 06
Cr.
Paid for Hospital Support (including

Furnishings) $366,865 88

" Interest on Bonds 72,190 23

$439,056 11
Balance on hand (Dec. 31st, 1895) ... 24,721 95

$463,778 06