r .^^^1iia'-t9i.a-f^i'iri^iiiii'"elure, \ □ 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of Congress Photoduplication Service The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. 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C>Ori Isrf tOOSfMH WITH THE /"H Vj^ ^ COURSES AND DISTANCES * From Capc-Cod and Cape-Ann to Georges'-Bank, ' thiou|h the South and £aft Cf«|9arh, and the fetting of the Currents, '/ WITH TH« ~-i ~. -.;««*»«.--**»**■ 'miiiikfiM^i i < t '0^ 1 1' )^ Tl I M »IWI| M I 1 11 ^ .f R E C O M ME N D A T I O N S. THIS will urtify that I have carefully examined the within <* Ameri. can Coaft Pilot," aif.d compared it with the Charts which I knom from experience to he correH, and do recommend it as a valuable work, and fiorthy thssattention of all Navigators. , BpNJAM^N LURVEY.- ■-^yi^ ■ Decr-Ifland, Oflober 4, 1 796. THIS will certify, that I have proved iy experience, fmce the within *• American Coaft Pilot" was put to Prefs, that the Dire6iions for the Eaflern Coafi are correSt, and vecommend it to Navigators of every kind as ft valuable work, JIOBERT CAMPUELL. THIS is to certify, that we the Subfcribers, at the requeft of the Pro- prietor of the " American Coaft Pilot," have carefully examined thefeve- ral ports we have failed into, and from experience declare the Direttionf given for Bofton, Marblehead, Salem, nevcrly, Cape-Ann, Annis Squam, Ne^frburyport, Ipfwich-Bay, Portfmouth, from Cape-Neddock ta Cape-Porpoife, /rom thence to Wood-Ifland, Portland, Hufley's-Sound, &c. to the Eajjlward, to be correEt, the work a very ufeful pubticalion, and de^ ferving ike encouragement of all concerned in navigation. William Rufell, J^ames Si^nders^ Ifaac Noyes, Abraham Wheelwright^ Tfohn Somerby, 1 Snoch Lunt, \ Branch PiloU at Newburyport £nach Xunz, jun. J William Milbery^ William Noyes, Mofes Brown, Nathan Poor, Bofton, July 17, 1798. THIS may certify, That I the Sv.bfcriber, having examined the " Amer- ican Coaft Pilot," by deftre of the Proprietor, do pronounce it very corrcti iin4 worthy thfi attention of all mariners. THOMAS KNOX, $ranch Pilot for Boflon Bay and liarhuiSit '/ r 8a»,«g«»s:s^¥i:-a;g.%i:»t?.ssK{msM;n!iiiBCTi; TfiirirfiTfi ^gg^MgS^K^g., IV RECOMMENDATION*. Portfinouth, June ij^, 1796. THIS may ttrtify, that I the Suhfcriber, having carefully examined the «• American Coaft Pilot," and finding it very corrtH, thtn^ it my duty to recommend it for general u/e to ifiarinert, as being the mofi valuable publicH' tion extant, HQPLEY VEATON. Portland, May '8, J 598 SEINQ requefted by ^he Proprietor of the «' American Coait PiWt'» io pervfe and exdmine the fame, J have carefuUy done it, and recommend the Book to bf of general utility and well worthy eke attention of all concerned in Navigation, as containing the ihjJI fafe and corred direUions ever pub- li/hedjor the American Coafi, qndfuch as may be ufed withfafety in times of dangfr, JOHN THORLO, Wifcaffet, June '796. THIS is to certify, that we tie Subfcribers, at the requejl of the Pro* prieter of the " American Cnaft Pilot," have carefully perufel the fame, and do pronounce it a good work, «^ » »»» C-Jf the many improvement!, which the fdence of Navigation h«^ ^een continually leceWingin the lapfe of many centuries fince the inven- tion of the Cpmpafs, perhaps there is nq one, which in i's ordinary oper- ation on maritime affiirs, embraces a greater ftope qf praElical uttUtyt thafl the accurate defcription of the marine boundaries of countries by which the adventurous mariner may ^-ccognrze his cqaft at a diftance ; fhe foundings and courfe of channels, by the knowledj^e of which he fctsi the rocl^-bqqpd Ihorc at defiance ; and the afpe^ and properties qf har- bors, into which he can enter with fecurity, an^ embay himfelf from the inclemency of the elements, 'f his remarl^ is fuggcfted with the more con- lidence, a« its refults from the cqnfideration thj|t the life even of the moft Ikilful and experienced roavine: ; is more endangered as he approaches the poaft, however correftly he i; ■; bi acc^uaipted with its iqundipgs and its curvatures, th^n it is, when expofed to th? billows of the temped, yrhich agitates the roid-ocean. The important aid which the learned navigator derives from the calculation pf the longitude by lunar obferva- tion, i? undoubtedly among the moft diftinguilhed benefits of modern pautical improvement ; and it is a branch pf naval education, with which the mariners of our country, have of late years become generally familiar. When the fpirit of adventure had extended the American commerce be- ypnd the capes pf cither continent, wliat was before ufeful, bcqwp? thej^ yl PREFACE. indifpen&biy neceflary, that Navigation ihoulil be taught as a fcience t« the condu£lors of our merchantmen, and it wai foon no uncommon fpec* ' tacle to behold the American Eagle, lately unufed to fcientific reftraint, ihaping his courle tl^rovgh foreign (kiea by the rules of geometry. The jcharts and marine dire£lions, with which foreign countries abound, have alfo rendered the profeflTion of the (ea lefs dangerous and more proRtablCp Thefe powerful aids have almod qyery wheoB been CKteoded to the pro. |te£tion and encouragement of commerce except in the American Sutes. Here indeed fcw charts have been publiflied, and thofe of no remarkabbi charafler either for the accuracy of their defiances and bearings, pr jfor (he extent of their fcale. But to colle£l into a coinpendioua volume the inoft authentic defcriptious of the harbours, and an accurate detail of the jcourfes and foundings of ih; American Coad, has long been i deHdera-f Itum among nautial and commercial mf n ; and until the appearancf of the firfteditionof the American Coast Pilot in 1796, no attempt, ytt l^elieve, had ever been m?de in any part of the Union to effeft it.— To accomplifh fo important an obj^£^ which wu embarrafled ^ith more than ordinary difBculties, with which all new works are involved, tht ^ditor, aduated by a principle of commercial benefit, and aflifted by one of the mod corrcft and experienced Pilots io the United States hazarded the publication of that work, under aufpices, by no means favourable t^ its eventual eftablifliment, as a bcpk of reference and dirc6lion to Ameri. jcan mariners. Incident to the very arduous and complex luture of the work itfelf, much incompetency and error found admiflion into its pges, which no induftry of the Editor could avoid. Add to this the ^vowed hoftility of almoft all the pi}ots in the fouthern commercial cities, with whofe intertjl it militated, to permit any degree of reputation to \)t attached to a publication, whofe profe(re4 defign was to make Ameri. can commanders their own pilots, and (q relieve in the minds of their f>wners every apprehenfion of daneer, by the certain copvidion tlut (his fabin-companion wtmld be th^ meaos o( fecurity, m ■^ • a fcitnce t* ommon fpec«' ific reftraint, netry. Th« ibound, have tre profitable, I to the pro< lerican Sutes, lo remarkabb irin^s, prjfor u volume thf| ; dendera- appearai\c« of 6, no attempt, , to effeft it.— Ofed vtrith more involved, iht iflifted by one itate^, hazarded s favourable t^ •lion to Ameri, plex nature of mifllon into its idd to this the nmercial cities, if reputation to ;o make Ameri- minds of thcii: vifUon that \,h}S f R E T A C E. »H But nbtwithftandiog the obje£lions of intcfefl:, and the cKvils of mal- ice, the Editor feels it a duty, which he owes to the independent candoup and integrity of fome few of the fouthern pilots, to remark that their friendly aflidsnce and infoiliiat nine minutes liter evtfry day, after the full and change, will evidently appear. The United Stater laws relating to feamen, and thofe for the relief of the fick and difc abUd; the ftatute regulation of thefitheriesj the provifions againft en- ticing away foldiers, apprentices, and debtors, and importing convias, •liens, &c. and the feveral laws of the refpeaive ftates on the laft men- tioned fubjea ; the laws regulating quarantine ; a new and oorrefted lift of the cuftom-houfe duties, many of which have been altered, and the dcipUon of the "loufe hu been cnt tuKt-Diark, ten leagues in he LoHg-IJland to tht utility af oint of fiee and y a greater pMt mprehenftve re« foundings, hur« Is, Aid the port* liefe dcfcriptions are given froOi uvigators in tTie bnces of all the The Editor is •ful Tables ; the on will fall, un« i and the fecond e common metb- ine minutes liter ar. The United the rick and diTo iiions againften- porting conviftj, on the lad men- and prre£M lift altered, and the |» R E i^ A C E. it rorms of all the papen ufed in the cuftom-houfe, are infartcd at length, In th't prefent improved and enlirged edition. Nearly double the matter of the former volumes is compreffetl into this ; and the Kditor lias been perfeveringly attentive to correft every error of the mod minute and tri- fling confequence, With fuch pi-etenfions to public palionagc, he is not reluAant in meeting the public fcrutiny. The merits of his work arc grounded on the bed fcienCe in the country, and every exertion of long and laborious indulry has been employed in executing its pages with the llrifteft ac- curacy and fidelity, that were due to its higb promife of ufefulnefs and emolument. EDMUND M. BLUST. B ..nifei-jfeT> n. i sn i iimmvfKum- M-miv'.mM' DIRECTIONS logolo the EaftwardofCampo Bello, between th. faid iUand and Wolves Iflands ^ for the EaOern Coaft when you fall in with Grand Manan or Mount -Defert Hills ^ from Machias to Paffamaquoddy , ,, , . I_ from Mount-Defert to Gouldfborough »"<» Machias 7^ ._ from Loog-lJlMid to the S. W. Harbour of Mount-Defert .: for failing through Fox-inand-paffags from Tennant Harbour lo the Mufcie Ridges . . from Penmequid Point to Baii Harbour . from Bafs Harbour ..., for Dyer's Bay, &c. _^^__— from Scoodock I Hand ._ from Titmanan to Ladle-Idand „. for Cape Splitt Harbour , — for Pleafant River . for Moofe Peck Reach _ going through Moofe Peck Reach ■ for (ailing into George's River , . from Townfend to Manhcigm for Towivlend Harbour , for Kennebeck and Sheepfcut Riven fdr foiling into New Meadows ._ for Huffey's Sound ,, fbr Portland harbour Remarks on the White Hills „.,-„, JJireftions from Cape Porpoifc to Wood Ifland i: to &il from Cape Ncddock to Cape Porpoifc ^ for Portfinouth, (New-Hampfhire) ^ fx ity of Salemiifroni Baker's Ifland Remarks on Calhe's Ledge J^reaiont for foiling into Boftpn Harbour .„ from Boaon Light-houfe to Cape- Elizabeth ^ fpr foiling in widout of Bofton bay from Cape-Cod or Cape- Ann to Boftoo light-houfe for Plymouth harbour for Cape-Cod harbour ^ from Cape-Cod to Holmes' Hole ' for (ailing into Nantucket harbour for ditto ditto by the buoys _— ror auio uinw vj w.v .^.w^. Courfes and di ftances from Nantucket light-houfi • The reader will fnd better direSions in page 251. 17 >7 IS 20 21 21 23 25 27 27 27 27 28 28 28- 29 29 30 • 3« 3« 33 33 34 36 36 37 37 39 40 41 42 45 47 47 48 6». 50 5« 53 55 56 i ; ,1 i \ '■ I* -J6ft.ihiaMB»-*rtllli ilittn f 3C11 CONTENTS. Dire£l>ons to tliofe rutming for Block-lfland channel ta the fouthward of Martha's V incyard, Naniucket.IHand, ind fuchas are bound into the Vineyard Ibund, and intend going over tlie (hoils to the eaftward Bearings and diftances of fundry places from Gay- Head light-houfc Del'cription of George's Bank and Nantucket Ihoals Direttions for New-Bedford ..-^ for tholit who fall in with Block-Ifland when they are bound for Rhode-Ifland harbour Bearings and diftances of feveral remarkable places from Rhode-Ifl. nd light-houfe Direftions for lading from Newport through the found to Hunt's har- bour near Hell-Gate . from Block-Illand to Gardner's bay Bearings and diftances of fundry places commencing at the light-houfe on Montock point, taken by the Olficers ot the Revenue Cutter Argus Dcfcription of Long- 1 Sand Direftions from Gardner's Iftand to Shelter-Illand «- from ditto to New-London . for vefiels coming from fea and bouttd to New-Londoo — . for veffels bound to New-York Depths of water, bearings, courfes and diftances of the buoys placed in the harbour of New- York Orders and regulations for the por» of New- York Defcription of the coaft to the eaft and weft of Sandy-Hook -. r. — - of New-York bay Direftions for failing from Sandy-Hook light-houfe taCape May, or light-houfe on Cape-Henlopen ... for failing in by Cape-May for failing in by Cape-Hatteras from Reedy-liiand to Philadelphia Tide Table Direftions from Cape-Henlopen to Cape- Henry Remarks on the land from Cape-Henlopen to Chingoteack flioals Direftions for failing by Cape-Henry light-houfe -r- for (ailing between the middle ground and the Hoife-fhoe for New Point Comfort — >— — — for Norfolk and Hampton-Road ■ for running (rom Cape-Henry, up the bay to Bakimoie ■■.. . from New Point Comfort to PotowmaAk Rives . from Potowmack River to Patuxet River P»r~. da 6z 64 6i 66. 67 69 69 70 T 7» 71 74 T5 76 76 ',J 79 2' 80 80 81 81 8t 8a 8- 81 for going fcom Cape-Henry ovlMin-Haven-Bay toYoik-River 88 88 90 9» 9* 93 93 95 95 8« Cape-Hatteras Direftions for coming in from iea for the coaft of North- Cacolioa •<-^- for failing into Charlefton (SouthrCavoUna) -^.— - from Charlefton bar to Port-Royal St. Helena Sound Direfijoiu for Port-Royal harbour 1 for (ailing into Savannah, in Georgia Winds and Weather on the coaft of South-Cafolioa, The mouth of St. Mary's Rivet iMlriii i.iii ii f lii'nv H«3Ui ii'irtigmii^ • IT 1 1 s. 1 ta the fouthward d, >nd fuch as are lend going over tlie ead light-houfc /hen they are bound from Rhode.Ifl.nd und to Hunt's har- g at the light-houre cers ot the Revenue P»r~. I New-London the buoys placed in idy-Hook ife taCape Mayior igoteack flioili od the HoiTe-fhoe ■y to Bakimoie k Rives er 67 da 6z 64 6i 6& 67 69 69 •jty T 7* 7» 74 74 75 76 76 n ^i 79 2' 80 80 81 81 8t 83 8r ■er »7 iven-Bay toYork-River 88 88 North' Ca«>lioa 90 )Una) 9 1 9* 93 93 96 iioa 95 9« CONTENTS. SRll WEST.INDIES. Dircftions for failing from Montferrat to Hifpaniolt and Jamaica, with direaions for coafting round thole iJlands Tamaica, &c. , , ^ ,, , -, ., • u DirctUons for failing from Jamaica through the Gulf of Florida, with dircftions for ihe coafts of Florida and Cuba ; alfo remarks on the Tortugas, on the Florida Keys and Reef, and on the Bahama-i (lands Remarks on the Dry Tortugas, coaft of Florida, &c. _: on the Florida Keys and the Reef contiguous Delcription of the harbours, (hoals, &c. of the eaft end of Cuba ; with remarks, inftruftions, &c. Obfervations on the Florida Stream, with neceffary direftions to Navi- gators Direftions for veffels bound Southward through the Gulf of Flonda Remarks concerning New-Providence and the Bahama-Banks Direftions for veffels bound from the eaftward, over the Great Bahama- Bank, into the Gulf of Mexico „_». for the Mofquito Shore and Bay of Honduras The courfe to Black River To anchor off Black River bar Remarks when lying at anchor off Black River Direftions from Black River to Great Poyer River To know Punta Sal To go from Port Omoa to the Gulf, or River Dulce To tail from Black River to Cape Giacios a Dios with a weft wind To go from Sandy Bay to Puerto-vellu, or Cathagena Direftions for the Bay of Honduras From Rattan to the Bay of Honduras Direftions to fail out of the Bay by the Northern Paffage _ to lait in at the Sapadilla Keys through the main reef, up to the river Belieze for the coaft of Guayana, Surinam) Demerary, Berbice, &c. Demerary Guayana Surinam - • Tides, Times of High Water, &c. Coaft of Guayana Demerary Remarks made among the Weft-India Iflands Moninico - " Dominico - ' Antigua >^ Nevis - St. Kitts From St. Kitts, to the leeward of St. Euftatius through the iflands paft Somberero Direftions fat the Weft- India, or Caribee iflands, colleAed from the journals and obfervatioiM of feveral experienced Naviga- tors - - Barbadoes • « Tobago • * Grenadt > •• ■MMiiaH 9» »»5 121 "J 124 125 126 12.7 ibidy ibid. 12$ 129 130 «3i 13» »34 136 »37 138 >39 139 140 140 141 141 14a 14a »4» 144 146 »47 »47 1^8 ibid. »49 1^0 f i \ I xw C O N T E NTS. S<. Vincents . • St. Lucia > ' - l^artinico • Doininico Guadaloupe »■■. • Antigua • .vir.;* > • Nevis . . , m-'\^ , ■' •' i. St. Euftatiui - • Sabia , • « St. Bartholomews . The Virgin Iflatids -. St. Thomas ., Crab IflsBid " - Tortola - •• Virgin Gordai ,". ' ■ - ! Aqegada •,', ^ .• Somhtero " • i , ■ IfUs of Shoals . I ) jbourfes and Dift«ice> on the CoaA of America . ■ Qix the South fide of Hifpaniola, &c ■ on the Mofquito Shore Pige. »5> ibid. 152 »58 ibid. »54 ,56 ibiid. ibid. ibid. ibtd. 166 ibid, ibid. 161 m 176 1r«Ue of the Latitudes and Longitiacs of the princioal Harbours and •- . Capes from the St.- Croi^t to ths mouth of the River Mifll- fippi - - ^itcQions tA find the 4ime of bigh water at any place 17^ of the Tabka for fiodiog the Mooo's age, and die time of high , , , water at any }^ce - - ibid. IXVtble ihewing the day of the month the new moOc will h\\ on, from the beginningof the year 1799 till the end of the year itl7, Ac. 178 !ficle Table - - 179 Iaws r^ing to maftcrt atitd feamea in the aegrchants' ferrice 1 80 .-Regulation of feamen - - ibid. c^ tbp Fiflieriea 184 )^it}unty on vefleU employed in carrying on the Bank and other Cod- Filheries - - 185 ^bftraft of the Lavtfs of the United States concerning veflfels to be em- ployed in the Coafting Trade and Fiflierifcs 187 !]ltelief of iick and di&bled feamen - •194 t'ower and duty of Con&ils - - . *95 X«[W of the United Sutes againft Enticing and carrying away Sddicrs, I'';' , Apprentices and Debtors, and importing Convifts, Aliens, &c. 199 • ^cw-Hampfliire do. - - »97 Ipiirachuretts do. - .||»^ - ibid. gbode-Mland do. , mi _ _ ,j^ I^Qiinedtcut dp. < - , • jhid. YtewNYorkdo. - - ihid. .yirginii do. - • »99 x)mued States Qinrsntiae Law » * aoo New-^smp^hire ditto • • 202 \itim^imum»SSimtmmtlSilB mi^mu .^tm m' *if ' t tinAm' im:» t t m mt ut i s mntumniitm CONTENTS. xt 4J^ iatboura and River Miffi- Page. ibid. I5» »5.8 ibid. »54 156 ibria. ibid. I5» ibid. »59 ibtd. 166 ibid, ibid. 161 t6'^ 169 m 176 time of high ilMd. otiyficfia the ir itl7, Ac. 178 179 rice 180 . > ibid. ..4: t:;4' 184 I other Cod- tig rds to be em- 187 nt way Soidicrst ts, Aliens, &c. 199 ^ i^ ibra. ibid. 199 too 202 204 106 A. ao7 «P9 — irtitoiW*idick, kvth Sk M»nt and Ckawt* plainest Etcheraina. Its mainftuftt is near Penoblcot River. The muth fftkemerkat»i/atknuv4ttetjmdth(bifidUtt*f^lHf, C f Bi , jiiwuiwi ^ i8 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. If you 611 in with Mount- Dtfirt-ttoek, which tiei Ibuth^ 6 Uagtia ihm Af0»n(-i>f/frt-/fi7/i, you mud obferve the tide of flood lets W. S. W. along (hore,tiU yau come to the Fex-I/lands : but the iamc flood runs up to the northward into l^bu-MiU-Bay, Union-Rivtt and Ifte-au-Haul* bay. The next reniarkible land is Ptnohfcot- Hills, which yoii will fee over tlie FoK IflaK-^s, bearing from the N. W. lo N. N. W. of them. When you pi(i the Jfle-au-Haut, in. ftwring W..S. W ^^ will leave Mantini-> eus.^/lands, and Mantinicus-Stal-JJlanis to the (buthwardof you. [If at night or thick weather I would advire you to go to the foulhward of all thefe lilands, unlefs you are well lequainted.J Whm you pa& to the weil.- ward of Mantinicus-IJlands, the main palTage from lea to Ptnobjcot-Bay, lies about N. by W. If you go into tliis paflage you leave MantinicuS' Jllan4 on yo\xt ftarbpard and the two Grttn-IJlands on your larboard hand iteering north wellerly, 4 leagues, and -f bound up the Bay follow your 4ire{tion$ for Penohjcot Bay. If you come in from fn and make tfhe Ifland of Mankeigin, when it bean gorth, or N. N. W. it appears like two iflands ; but when it bears eall or wed it appears in one Ifland. Dttmi/eeve-Jflnndj lie to the W. by N. ofit, which are all bare o^ trees except the north pan. The rock « Cllled Bkntaiit- Ledge, lie two miles from Dami/cove, S. W. or W. S. W. When you jre 6 or 7 leagues pff at fea, you will have 70 or 80 fathoms of water, with a, S. W. turrent. In geiieral between DMiiti/cove and Mankei- gin-MaHd the flood tide parts and fets E. N. £. to the eaftw^rd, and W. S,. W. to the weftward as far the Ifland of Seguine, and to the north- %vard UP i^,Broad'B^x Sheep/cut and Kennebeck Rivers, and the ebb feta theepittrary way. ' Segttine-fflayidi' is remarkable when bearing eaft or weft. It lies two, wHss from land but when it bears north, ^uts m with it. It may be known by the hiigb land of CttfeSvfalt.Point, barinj^ N. W. from it. You have ffiep water to the eaftvirardof 5«jutiu. When you pafs to the weftward of ^egvint the tide of- flood feu ftnmg^ to the northward into Neto-Meadvufy and W. N. W. into i(rM<{-SoitR(f and up to Portland, and the ebb tide the reverfe. Your foundings between ^ejutn* and Cape-Elitabtth %n. vm- f>u; ; at times you have 18- or so fathoms, rocky bottom, and within a cable's length you will And 39.or 35 bthoms, muddy bottptn. There are three rocky ledges tint lie about eall and weft to the weftward of Sej^uini, which ate not mucK wider than a wharf. The land here is all in Iflands until you come to CaptTElizabeth, which Cape has a Light> Houfe to the N. W, and a wind-mill, to the wcft^tardj near Rickvund's^ IJlahd, vAuch\s the firft wind-mil^you fee when coming from the eail- ward. Diredions froi^ Macbias to Paffmaqtioddy^ WHEM you leave Machiat and are bound to. PafamaquodJyt bring GniJs.Jjl>/ 1<, aiul the hi^kt^M^t of «A« (fian^is in the md t Thtreii a Ci^ht Houfe on this IJlstnd. '■" UJU P -l iitwiiwWiWtw 6 Uaguu fron Its W. S. W. flood runs up to u-Haut* bay. ou will fee over if them. When leave Mantini* of you. [If at Ibulhward of all pa&tothe weft* Ptnohfcot-Bay, ive Mantinicut- ur larboard hand Jay follow your \hngin, when it Lit when it bears to the W. by irt. The rock* V. or W. S. W. or 80 fatlionis of ove and h^anhei- the eaftward, and and to the north- ind the ebb feti e(1. It lies two, t may be known n it. You have the weftvirard of :o New-Mtaiouty and the ebb tide Uizahtth are. vari- im, and within a I to the weftwanl lie iaricl here is all lape has a Light- near Richmond' s-x ng from the eaft- Bay, P^aJfamaquodJy^ N. K. b. E. dii;. wmd ukes vou to AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 5? the eaftward there is • good harbour about two leagues to the N. K. of Cro/i'Ifland. I'his harbour bears due weft from the middle of Grand-Ma- nan-if/Zan<^, and is calfed the LittU-Riveir, but you cannot fee it except ynu are near the north Ihore. You muft not run in for it, before it bears N. W. or N. N. W. There is a bluff point of rocks on the ftarboard hand &» you go in, and an I Hand in the middle of the harbour^ As you pal's in, leave the I {land on your larboarAhand, and when you have paiTed it half a mile you may anchor in four or li'/e fathoms, muddy bottom, and remain iafe fium all windi. Your rourfe from this harbour to IVeft-Pafamaquoddy is N. £. b^i £. diftant (even leagues. When you come ftxMn the St W. arid are bound into iVtJl-Pafamaquoddy, you muft give the Seal-RockPz birth of three Quarters of a mile before you haul in for the harbour, as there is ii wr.irlpool to the eaftward of them. The Bay is about one league from this point ; it is high water here at full and change of the moon about half pad eleven o'clock. There is a good Bay that lies about W. S. W. from thi) point, where you may anchor, if tlie tide does not fuit to go over the Bar ; but if ths ride fuits you may proceed, keeping to the wcftward till the Bar bears N. K. W, which courle you may fteer till you get up to Alkn't- IJlandU In fteering this coutle you will iee a houle that has two doors in it, on' Men's- IJland, which houfc you muft keep open with t little Grttn JJland\hich lies in the middle of the paflage. When you get over the Bar, this houls muil be brought open to the wcftward of the ifland and you may go on either tide of it as the wind fbould favour you. If you go to the wcftward of it with the tide of flood, and the wind hih yOu, the tide will attyi you ;(^to a large fiayVn your larboard hand. The firft Ifland you Conc to is the Collefior'^which lies on your larboanl hand, end the next to thU >• AiUn'sIflaiid. When you come to the. wcftward of the littte Ifland you may anchor oppofite the long houfe on Aifen's-Ifimd^ ok- Paffamaquoddy the tide lets N. N. W. over the B«r« two hours Ixlbre it riles one foot, and likewife fets S. S. £. two hours before high weter. When up. 91 fcr as AUen't-IJland, if you lesve it with the tide of flood, fteer N. N, £. three miles, when you will hivC ti 8 tide againft you four hours » and two hours before high water the tide lets S. S. W. till you come down to the CoMUr's.Iflmnd, when It fets oVer the Bar S. S. E. The tide rifes here 85 ieer. There is i fine Cove on the fouth end of Moo/t-tJland, where a fliip of 500 tons siay lie, r joored head and ftem, fafe from all winds, but the anchors are very Much expofed, with the wind to the eaftward or £. N. £; ^--- Ifyou art bound up Scooikt. Rittr fttml Moofe-ljland, as y«u pals BaU'liead^ give it a birth of half a mile as there is a huge kdge of jj^s That lieoff from it. When you have pafled this Twint your courfc is Nt N. W.dil&itaorgleeguestotheDepi/'j./fcaJ, m Oak-Pmnt, (focallifl;) the Devits.Hedd you Icav? on your larboard hand, which is vety high land and may be iiM|a.lo or is leagues* Your courfc htm i«id.Jlead h W. N. W. one league, when you vrill come to a large ledge of 'rocks that you muft leave on jrour larboard hand, which is bate at two hours ebb, and extends half way acrofs the pvn. ■ Ktep your ftaibosrd hand on board, and wlien you palii thu led||e your courfe is W. S. W. diftint one mile to Pumroy's.Point, and from laid point to the harbour your courfe is N. W. b. N. diftant three oiUks, and the next Kach to the Ftttt is W. N. W. diftant one mile ; t|)e tick flows here as feet, and there are only 6 or 7 feet in the channel at low water with Igng Wtt of nud on both £des. MM J •• T" AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 1 ,1 There tre revenl good haiboun on the weft fide of this river, and all the diflicuhy is the great depth of water which is in general from t8 tn 14 fathoms. There is alio a good harbour on your ftarnoard hind, ening inln De:r-JJland, which lies to the louthward of St. Andrews, two leagues dif. tant. — It may be calily known, as there is a large Bay between the two Idands which lies N. E. from the river St. CroiM, three leagues diftant. St, Croix lies in lat. 45° 00' north. I .li a '\\i if Dircniom fyom Mount Defert to Goulfborough and Machias; IN going frofn Mount-Defert Rock to Gouljborougk you muft fteer N. N'. E. for *Skutock- Hilts, which lie to the M N. E. of that port, and •re remarkable from any hills in the eaftern country. Keeping your courlc N. N. E. about 4 leagues, you will pafs Frenchman's-Say, which you leave on your lal^3oard hand. You will fee three Illands which lie in the mouth of the Harbour ; you muft leave them on your larboard hand and go in the eadem paiiage. In (landing in for this place you will fee a t'mall Ifland, called 'Ittitmenan's-Jfiand, which you leave on your ftarboard haiid. Ttiei-e is a bar that runs from the fhore to this little ifland, which is about 1 league from the land, and has a fiew bulbes on it. This Bar i» covered at high water but bare at low water. If you arr bound to Mnckias 9T Paffamaquoddy, your courfe from Mount-Dejtrt is E. N. E. diftant to Machias about 17 leagues. In fleering the above courfe and diflance, you pais by nothing but Iflands on your larboard hand with inlets and fundry good haifoours, pleafant rivers, Mooje- Peck- Reach, and Chandkr's- River f which are all good harbours, but too intricate to be dcfcribed for ftrangers, to attempt it with I'afcty. If you cannot (leer your courfe as above dire£led, in {landing to the E. N. £. there are three low Iflands to the S. W. of Grand- Manan-IJland, which lie due S. E. from Machias, diibint 4 leagues, which you muft be careful of in the night. You may fee the Ifland of Grand'Mo' nan 2 or 3 leagues beface you come to it, and when it bears N. £. thele Iflands run Ibuthwcft from Grand-Manan, about a leagues dilhnt, and in thick weather if you make thcle Iflands you may run for Machias, bringing laid Ifland to bear S. E. and then run N. W. for the entrance of Machias : or if you make the S. VV. end of Grand-Manan, bring it to bear E. b. S. and fteer W. b. N. for Machias, 5 leagues diftant, and when you have paded Crofs-IJlaHd which you leave on your ftarboard hand, you may (leer north. In (leering this ceurie you will leave a large white rock on your larboard lund, and iJF you do not want to go into Ma~ ehias harbour, you may haul to ihc w*ftwa^. After you have paifed this rock about half a mils, brings high round wand that is covered with trees to bear north, when you may anchcur in 4 or 5 fathoms, muddy bot- tom. This is called Jfonts's Harbour^ but if yon mean to go up to Ma- chias, you muft keep your courfe north till you pais a round high Ifland on your larboard hatid, when you may (h^>e your courfe W. S. W. or W. b. S. for a point that is covered with young birch trees, and a houfe on it, for en the ftarboard. hand there are luHhing but flats and ihoals ; you znay Keep your Urbotrd hand after you pafs this hou(e until tlie river opens * Thtrt arefivt of th^t hHU,, and aH a dyianct they a^tar round. rJvei', tnd all the nl from 1 8 to 24 d htncl, enin^ inirt J, two leagi'M dif- y between the two lee leagues diftant. I and Machias; \gh you muft (leer iifthat port, and • Keeping your man'j-Bay, which mdi which lie in larboard hand and lu will fee a (mall on your (larboard rttle inamd, which it. This Bar i» bound to Mnchiat . N. £. diftant to and di (lance, you 1 inlets and fundry ChandUr'S'RivtTf ribed for ftrangers, s above dire£led, in rS.W. of Crdnrf, t 4 leagues, which and of Grand'Mtt' t bears N. E. thele Lies didmt, and in Machias, bringing r the entrance of ■ Manan, bring it agues difhmt, and on your ftaiboard will leave a large It to go into Ma- T you have palfed It is covered with lems, noddy bot> to go up to Ma. round high Ifland rfe W. S. W. or trees, and a houfe ! and ihoala ; you tit tlie river opens fpear round. AMERICAN COAST PILOT. «| to the northward, when you may run up to Cro/i-Rivtr, where you may anchor in 4 fathoms, but if you are bound up to the S. W. Mills, vou muft haul away to the weftward. When you get up with Mr. Parktr's houfe and barn which are on the ftarboard hand, you mufl leave the bam open to the fouth weftward of the Pott Head : ihis k'uU>Heid is a larg* llill that you Leave on your (larboard hand. Direilions from Long Ifland to tbt S. JV. harbour of Mount* Dcfcrt. YOUR courfe is N. E. or N. E. by N. diftant 5 leaguei. You mud leave the two Duck-IJlands on your (larboard hand and three iHandt on your larboard hand. It is not iafe for a (Iranger to run here in the nighty as tner* is a large ledge th.it is covered at high water and bare at half tide. You leave this ledge on your (larlMard hand, which is about one mile from the harbour. There is a long ledge on the larboard hand which runs off half a mile, but there is a •n board till y»u come up to a clear fuot of land where the trees have been cut of}'. As {aon a) (aid fpot bears W. S. W. you fteer E. N. E. for the middle narrows. When you draw near the narrows you will fee two large white rocks in the mid- dle of the pafTage, iinlefs at high water, at which time they are covered •bout 1 hour, but mav be feen at all other times of tide. You may go on cither nde, but the deeped water Irat the fouthward of them. Con- tinue your courfe E. N. E. about 1 league, when you muft keep yOut {larboard hand dn hoard as there are ll^veral funken rocks and ledges on your latboard hatid which are covered at high water. You wilt make the cadem lurrows on your ftarboard hand, and as foon as you bring it to be.ir S. S. E. you miy run through, where you will have a line harbour wliicF* is fafe to ride in with all winds except at E. N. E. but you may rtYiiain in the weft paflage with the wind at E. N. E. or anchor at the northward of a bare liland, that you will fee on your ftarboard hand as you go back to the wellward. When you pafs the eaftern paCTage of Fox-Ifland ye>u m»ift fteer E. N. E. a'^out 4 miles, which courfe will carry you into a large Bay that lies b«l\ireen Fox-Jjland and the IJle-au-'JIaut. This bay lies nonit and fnuih, and about 4 leagues ead and wed. When you get into this bay from the above-mentioned pafTage, and are bound to the eadward of JJle-au- Haut yuu may deer E. S. E. 6 leagues, which courfe will carry you to the Ibuthward of the IJle-au-Hnut. fN. B. Wheti you come from the weftward and pfs the I (land of Man. heigin*nA i.he entrance of Penobfcot Bay^ you may fteer E. N. E. which courlc will cany you between the Fox-IJlands and Mantinicus-Iflands^ leaving all the Fox-JJlands on your larboard hand ; but bring the JJUaU' t a head wind and ■ ledge of rocka \i\ S. diftant 4 or }.'irte- Point iJ oil id there is a lun|( Rcij not ill to enter Mu get in, biing about 3 leagues, lui coiirff you will rh you may go on *ve tliem on your mt nortli one third irro^v at low water, gh wuter. Tliere near a mile to tli« '>umplins are thrre courfe in this pal- rd hand on board. u iiiufl keep your PS, wh^n you wilt the eaftward of a ir anchors you may or foreflieet, or 'I'hfve the flootl E. N. E. whicfj 'Oil may ride fafe and to the eadward rd till yau come up . As liaon a) faid e narrows. When e rocks 'in the mid- they arc covered You may go on. i of them. Con- I mud keep yOut 3cks and ledges on You will make the you bfihg it to bear fine harbour which t you may reifiiain iti the northward of a vou go back to the IX- I/land yOu mMfl ou into a large Bay This bay lies north ou get into this bay eaftward of IJle-au- vill carry you to the I the I (land of Man. er E. N. E. which Mtintitticus-JJlatidtf xt bring the JJltau- *• AMERICAN COAST PILOT. tf Haut to bear W. N. W. and (leer E. N. E. 7 leagues to Lotiif.IJlafid. which vou I' eon your larboard hand. If vou are bound to Blue- tlltl- Bar or XJnion-R'- er, as foon as you pals Long-ijland, you will open a large found to fheN. N. W. which courle you are to liter 7 leagiies when you will be up with Rnhertfoh I Jiland, leaving the Ship and ' Barge an your larboard hand. R^hrifon't-ljla" ' 11 the only Ifland near that place that has a houle en it. The foiiili part of ihe liliiid is clear of trees, on which the houli; (lands. VVhe, vou come iu.ir the fouth part of the Ifl.ind, give it a birth of J of a mile as iliere are feveral lurikm rocks oil (aid Point. When you bring this IHand to be.u from S. W. to N. W. you may anchor in 6 or 7 fathoms wa- ter, muddy bottom ; but if you are bound '0 Blue- Hill- Ba^, you may iland to the northward direfl for iht Blue- Hills, which you may fee 10 or i,f leagues off. If you are bound for Utjieri-River, you had better take a Pilot •t Robtrt/on'j Ijland, for it iinot iit m a ftranger to go without one. Direnions from Tcnnant Harbour to the Mufcic Ridges. IN failing from this harbour you may (leer E. b. N. one league to Whitt- Head, but be careful not to haul in tor it till it bears N. E. as there it a large ledge of rocks bearing about W. N. W. from faid head, oncmile diftant ; but within it, a piftol (hot from the (horc, is fafe navigation. There is a good harbour on your (larboard hand as you pafs this Head, (bound to the Weft* ward,) where you may lie fafe from all winds. In going in you muft give the larboard hand a birth as there is a funkea led^c that break* when thee* is any fea, unlefs at high water. Your courle from White-Head is N. E. to AJh-Point (or I(1and) one league diftant, which has a large rock to the S. W. of it, about half a mile dillant, which you muft leave on your larboard hand. It is not in the way except you are obliged to go about. When you haul round this Ifland' give It a fmall birth and (leer N. N. E. or N. E. b. N. for the Owl's Head, leaving two Iflands on your ftarboard hand ; but when you draw near the larboard (hore you fteer about E. N. E. for the Owl's //ca^ which has a, food harbour on the larboard hand as you go to the eaftward. This har- our makes with a deep cove. You may bring a rocky i>oint that lies on your (brboard hand to bear N. E, and a Ledge of Recks that lie without faid point to bear E. N. E. and anchor in 4 fathoms water, muddy bottom. This lurbour is open to the wind at £. by N. and E. N. E. but in all other winds you are fafe. The tide of flood fcts to the eailw^rd and the tide of ebb S. W. through the Mnfcle Ridges. If it is night when you come to IVhite Head, you had better not attempt going through the Mufdt Ridges. Your beft way is to go by ^Tuo Bujh Ijland, which you muft leave on your ftarboard hand, keeping your courfe E. N. E. or N. E. by E. If you are in a large veiTel your beft way is to go in this palTage, as it is the moft (afe. You muft follow your courfe as above direfted about a The Ship is an Ijland that has three trees on it and appears like a ' • " • ......If-, j^ufgf^ bufjor- Ship at a dijiance, and the Barge is a dry rock which appearslikea B + The Jjiand (ia,lUd Two-^ufh-lfland, has but one buJh en it, Vtfrly had tijo. ■.'if. :■ if II in AMERICAN COAST PILOT. kagoes wben you will have Penoi/ret b»y open, and th«n yeu may diitft your courfe to eithei fide of Long^Jfinnd. If you go to the wcftward your courfe is N. N, E. to Grttt^Sirvce-Htad, which having paffcd fcven leagues your courfe is N. E, by N. 5.1eague$ to the old Fort. In fleering £iid courfe you will leave Betfaft'Bay, and Brigadier's JJland on your larboard hand, which ifland has a good harbour, and if you mean to go into it you muft leave it ■« $. W. you muft not. There is a bar that lies from this Ifland to the main land, which is covered at high water. There is alio a good harbour to the weft- ward of this ifland, called X0i*j[*Cov«. Ifyoti tura into either of thefe harbours you muft be cate|ulmc|peks that lie to the fouthward of this ifland more than half a mile firoavwe main land. But in going into Ptnobfcot proceed as above, 4nd keep your larboard hand on board, when you pafs this Ifland for the old Fort-Point, which has no trees on^ it, yoi^. tnuft4)h{ierve before yotteometftitt-ihat a large ledge of rocks lie about ^ of a mile to the £. S. E. oiF it, which is covered at high water but bare at half tide. You may go within a cables length- of Old Point, in fmooth water. Thefc rocks may be difcovered when the wind blows. If you are bound up Ptnobfcot river from old Fort.Point with tide of tbb and the wind ahead, you may make a good harbour in the eaft river which lies about E. N. E. from the Old Fort about one league— this river lies to th« ibuth weilward of Waldow's IJland, in which place you will lie &fe from all winds, and anchor in 6 or 7 fathoms, good holding ground. IValdotu's IJland is a large ifland which you are to leave on your llarboard band, and lundry rocks on your larboard hand, which are above water. "VVhen you pafs rraZiow',f Ifland you may anchor to the N. W. of it on the ftarboard hand as you go through — but af wind and tide are in your fe- vour you may proceed up to Marjk-Bay keeping the larboard hand bed on board. Marjli-Bay is about 2 leagues from Waliow's IJland. When you pab biarJh'Bay you may keep in the middle of the river, and you have neither rocks nor fhoals until you get up to the falls. You have no particular courfe in going up this river, but may fometimes go to the weli. ward of north, and fometimes to the Edward of north. When you enter Ptnobfcot Bay, and are bound to the eaftward of Long- J[/land, you muft fteer N. E. by N. leaving Long-IJland on your larboard hand, which courfe will carry you up to Bagaduce. If you intend going into this harbour, as foon as it bears E. N. E. you may run in fleering E. N. £. keeping the middle of the chaimel until you pafs the firft Ifland, fiving it a birth of J a mile, then haul to the fouthward until the Ifland ears W. S. W. when you may anchorin 8 or »o fathoms, muddy bottom, and lie fafe from all winds. Ingoing into the hartour of Bagaduce, you leave three Iflands on your (larboard hand, but if you are bound up Pcnohfcot-Rivtr you muft fteer north, leaving iha ledge of Rocks of the old Fort-Point on your larboard lutid, then follow the fame dire6lions you have for running into Penob- Jiot River, which will carry you up to the FiUs, The tide ebbs and flows 1^ fitU and change, about iq or i\ leet* .WJ 'i } i i >. MM iwi m f len you may direft the weftward your ving pafTed feven Fort. In (leering IJland on your ou mean to go into .bout north or N. on the ftaiboard d, or to fKe S. W. to the main land* rbour to the weft- to either of thefe the feutkward oF iSut in going into on board. When trees on it^ ypn f lockt lie about jh water but bare 1 Point, in fmooth >lows. oint with tide of ' in the eaft river ! league — this river :h place you will xl holding ground. 1 on your ibrboard 1 are above water. N. W. of it on tide are in your fa- larboard hand bed )'s IJland, When he river, and you Is. You have no mes go to the weli* I eaftward of Long- d on your larboard f you intend going r run in fteering £. fs the fir ft Ifland, 1 until the Ifland (ss, muddy bottom* iree Iflands on your iver you muft fteer ' on your larboard unning into Penoh- tide ebbs and flows AMERICAN COAST PILOT. if birecims from Penmequid Point to Bafs Harbour. t WHEN you pafi Penmequid Point, bring it to bear W. S. W. and Iteer E. N. E. 3 leagues, which cmirfe and diftance will carry you into George's River. In fteering this courfe you will leave Egg Rock on your larboard and Franklin's IJland da your ftarboard hand ; but be careful not to go to the Northward of (aid Courfe, for there are feveral funken ledges to the Weftward of Egg Rock, which you leave on your larboard hand. But if it ftiould be in the night, and you are to the Eaftward of Damifcove IJland, tNring Seguine Light td bear W. S. W. and fteer £. N. £. for Georgjl^ River, as above' dire6ted. But if you (liould meet with the wind a-head, you may anchor off Gay's Cove, which lies on your larboard haiKi,and about 3 miles to tl:e £. N. £. of Franklin's IJland. You may kndw this Cove, as Gay's houie and bam lie to the N. W. of it, (or you may anchor in Plea/ant Cove, which lies on the larboard hand, about two miles to the Eaftward of Gay's Cove. But if you are bound through //irrrire^ Gat, bring * dpt. Hmder fan's ho\xk to bearN.N.W. and fteer S. S. E. for Herring Gut. This Herring Gut has a bar from, fide to fide^ but you may go over it at two hours flood, keeping your (lar- board hand beft oh boanl. As you come on the bar you will fee a large lock on your (larboard hand, and the deeped water is within a cd>le's length. of the rock ; your courfe over the bar is S. S. E. You may anchor to the N. W. of the bar, in 4 or 5 fathoms, muddy bottom, and wait (or the tide. The tide of flood fets to the northward and the ebb to the (buthward.— — When you go out of this harbour, and bound to the Eaftward, be care- ful and give the larboard hand a good birth, for there are two ledges of rocks on the fame hand of the Eaftcm point, which are under water, and lie off about a cable's length. When you are clear of thefe ledges, you may fteer £. b. S. or £. S. £. one mile to the Wcllem Muftle Ifland, which you leave on your larboard, and 3 or 4 iflands or ledges on the (larboard hand. When you pafs thef^ ledges and Muf^vito- Iflands, if bound to White- Head, you may fteer N. E. b. £. 1 leagues, and when you bring faid head to bear N. E. run for it, but when you pals the S. W. White-Head, leave it on your larboaid hand, and be careful of a funken rock that lies S. £. from the Eaftem White- Head, about one cable's length diftant. Your courie through to the Eaftward is N. £. and to the Weftward S. W . keeping near the middle of the pa(fege. Before you come up with AJh- Paint, you muft be careful of a funk«n rock, which lies off the Point about one third of the paflage, which has not more than 6 fleet of water at low water. The marks to avoid it are^ to fliut in a red houfe, which is on the main land^ with AJh-Ifiands, But if you (hould go through this pafTage in the night, keep PotatM-Ifldnd (which is right againft AJh-Ifland^ about S. S. W. from it, and bare of trees, which you leave on your ftarboard hand) beft on board. When you pafs Potatoe-Iflandt and are bound into Owl' f Head, your courfe is N. N. £. about two miles, which will leave two Iflands on the fbrboard hand. When you open the pafTage to Owl's Head, and bound to Edfemdvoggan' Reach, your courte is N. £. b. N. till you pafs the Lime-Iflanas, which you leave on your larboard hand. Continue (aid courie till you make a large bare Rock on your ftarboard hand, and a little round Ifland to the Eaftward, on the lame hand, which ■M w' m aS AMERICAN COAST PILOT. I I •iW S is covered with trees. Continue your courfe to the N. E. then you wffl make a large Ifland on your ftarboard hand. When you pafs this Ifland, you have the paf ,e opened to Buck's Harbour ; continue your courfe !<]. £. till you pals by all the Iflands, to the Southward and Northward. In the day time you may fee Blue-Hill bearing E. N. £. over all the land. This paflage is fafe to go through with a firft rate man of war. When you come within two miles of the Reach, you will make a finall I (land on your (larboard hand, which has a funken Rock to the Northward of it. Your lafeft way is to keep the middle of the patFage, as there is a funken Rock or Ledge on the larboard htnd that lies E. b. S. from an liland which you leave on your larboard hand, about Haifa mile difbnt. If you want to make a harbour, you may fl|into Buck'sHarbmr by a N. E. or N.E. b, N. courfe. When you come mto this harbour (which is 13 leagues from Ooil's-HeadJ you muft Iea\ie an Ifland, covered with young birch trees, on the fbrboard hand, (leering N. N. W. and when you get to the Northward of faid Ifland, you fteer E. S. E. till you bring it to bear S. S. W. where you will be land locked from all winds in 4 or 5 fathoms, ibft bottom. When you leave Buck's -Harbour, and bound to the Eadward, you ileer S. E. till you come to a large Rock and four Iflands, which you leave on your larboard hand, keeping the (aid rock and Iflands beft on board, for there it^ funken Ledge that lies S. S. W. from them. You will make- a black Ifland on your (larboard hand, with burnt trees on it. This Ledge lies N. N. £. from (aid Ifkind, near the middle of the paflfage, but keeping the Eaftem (hore beft on board, you will go clear of it. When you have paffed this ledge, you leave two Iflanck on your (larboard, and two or three oc your larboard hand. Continue your courle to the S. E. till yoit make two Iflands, between which and Buck's-Harbour the courfe is S. £. and N. W. 6 leagues. To the Eadward you may go between both Iflands, fieering E.b.S. one league, which courfe will carry you up with TrumCap, which Ifland has a Bar of Rocks, that lies near half a mile to the northward ; but if you have a head wind, and are obliged to turn thcough, you will obierve the channel is two miles wide to Channtl-Rockf which is always above water. When you leave this Trum-Cap, Weer E. b. S. wWch wiH carry ■you between the Ship and Barge, and three Iflands which you leave on your larboard hand ; which are covered with large rock- maple trees. The Barge is a bare rock, which you leave on your {larboard hand ; but there is a rock about a cable's length to the Northwanl of tht Barge. Continue your' courfe E. b. S. for Ba/t-Harbour, H.-lbnce from Trum-Cap 5 leagues ; but you muft have fome regard to the tide of ebb, which lets very ftrong to the S. S. £. and the tide of flood to the N. N. W. If you are bound into £a/}- /farceur, you keep i{(Wi'j-Potn# within a cable's length, which Point you leave on your larboard hand, for there is a large Ledge of Rocks that lie ofl' s^ut lialf a mile, which is bare at half tide, and bears S. E. from Rick's Barn, and S. b. W. from the en- trance of BafsHarbour. You give the larboard hand a goixl birth in go- ing to Bafs-Harbourr'm.taimn% which j-on niisft give both fides a birth, for at low watter it is fhoal. When you get into this harbour, anchor on the larboard hand, with a Cove to thd Weftward of you, in three or four, fathoms, muddy bottom. i :iu,ini#>,i.j i. then you wffl LI pafs this Ifland, tnue your courfe i and Northward. over all the land, var. will make a finall the Northward ige, as there is a S. froai an liland didant. luck's Harbour by is harbour (which id, covered with Nf. W. and when £. till you bring 1 winds in 4 or 5 ic Eaftward, you , which you leave ids bed on board. You will make I it. This Ledge >ge, but keeping When you have board, and two the S. E. till you « courfe is S. £. veenboth Iflands, • with TrumCapr o the northward ; cough, you will which is always vinch wiH carrjr ids which you ith large rock- Li leave on your o the Northward Harbour, H,'(bnGe rd to the tide of le of fl(xid to the cep Ruh's-Point rboard hand, for ile, which is bare W. from the en- good birth in go- 3th fides a birth, hour, anchor on , in three or four AMERICAN COAST PILOT. Bireclions from Bafs Harbour. «7 WHEN you leave this harbour, bound to the Ei'ftward, fteer out S.W. till you bring Ba/s-Harbour Bar to bear S. S. E. then run S.S. E. keeping the larboarl hand bed on board. This Bar has not water enough for a loaded veflel before half tide ; but a light veffe 1 may go over at low water, keeping the larboard hand bed on board. W'lien you get over this Bar, you fleer E. b. S. lill you bring the S. W. entrance of Mount-Defert to bear N. E. then you may run N. E. leaving Cranberry- IJI and on your (larboard liand. But this pallage is ftioal at low water, and not fit for loaded veffels to go throu^, but at full tide there is water enougli, keep- ing the middle of the paflage. Continue your courfe to the N . E. till you pafs Cranberry-IJland ; then you may fteer E. S. E. and anchor between the two Cranberry- Iflands, where you will be life from Eafterly or S. W, winds. You may lie in from 4 to 7 (athoms, good holding ground. When you leave this port, bound to the Eaftward, you fteer E. b. S. till you get up with Baker's-IJland, which lies to the Eaftward of the Cran- iery. Iflands ; then you fteer E. b. N. 4 leagues, to Scoodock- I/land. When you pafs kid Illand, and are bound to Goldflorough, you mult fteer N. E. about 5 leagues, and keep that courfe till you bring Go^fl>orougft Harbour to bezr a. N. W. then you muft leave 3 Iflands off your lar- board, and one on your ftarboard hand, and run into the harbour, where you may lie (afe from all winds, and anchor in 5 or 6 fathoms. DireSliomfor Dyer*s-Bay, fsfr. THIS Harbour lies a little to the Eaftward of Gold/borough. When you make Titmanan, bound to Dyer's-Bay, leave Titmanan on your (larboard hand, and fteer North for the Eaftem head. You leave a large dry rock on your larboard hand, which when you pals, you will fee a (mall I (land, covered with trees, which you leave on your ftarboard hand, then haul round (aid Kland, where you will be (a(e from all winds. GoLdflarough lies N. N. W. from Titmanan one league diftant. DireSiions from Scoodock-Ifland. WHEN you come from the V/eftward, and bound io Titmanan ^ you pafs Scoodock-Ifland j fteer E. N. E. from Sceodock Ifland 5 leagues to Titmanan, DhredioHifism Titmanan to Ladle-Ifland. WHEN you pafs Titmanan, bring it to bear S. W. and fteer N. E. •bout 4 J. leagues, which courfe will carry you to Ladle- Ip. This I fie has a remarkable appearance, bemg formed exa6lly like a ladle, and has » J AMERICAN COAST PILOT. laree black Rock to the S. W. a little diftance from the Ifland. You may go any fide of this IHand, but the bc^ channel i> to the S. E. of it. Direaions for Cape-Splitt Harbour. WHEN you pafs Titmnnan, bring it to bear S. W t*^w 5S. ~ - - ^"^^ ^'^ N. E.11^TforCaL"'V««^ diftance' sleagues, which cou.ffe will carry you fafe into the Harbour. In fteering the fai4 courfe, you will make ^ black Rock, which you leave on your ftarboard hand, dtftancc one mite from Cape-Splitt. This Harbour is fafe from all winds but S. W. whict^ blows right in ; but if you anchor in a Cove on the ftarboard fide, and moor N. W. and S. E. you will lie fafe from all winds. JOire^iotts fqr Pkalant-River. WHEN you come from the Weftward, an4 bound to Pleafant River, in pairing by Titmanan bring it to bear S. W. b. S. and fte^r N. E. b. N. .: leagues diftance. In fteering faid courfe, if it is clear weather you will lee Capt? Waffcs' houfe open between the Ifland and main land ; but this paf- laae will m)t do at low water. You muft leave this liland (and a high dry Ledge of Rocks that lies to the Weftward of the Ifland) on your ftarboard hand ; when you nafs the bare Ledge, you will fee a bare Ifl^, which you leave on your ftarboard hand ; then you may haul up for Ca:ft. Wajfts ■ houfe and anchor, and toke a pilot for P leaf anU River, as it » not &fc going without one, except you are well acquainted. Narrom-Guagei 15 pne mile to the Weftward of Pfcfl/aB<-/lit/er, too dif- ficult to be delcribed, as there are fundry fmall Iflands at the mouth of the Harbour or Bay. The beft way for a ftninger is to go mto Cape-Splitt Harbour, and get a pilot, as there is no difficulty in going mto Capt-bpiitt in .the day time, keeping^ the larboard hand beft on board. ii ur. W. I S. and deex cot^rfe will carry you will make « diftance one mile s but S. W. whicl^ }oard fide, and moor id to Pkafant River, id ftecr N. E. b. N. weather you will fee 1 land ; but this paf- land (and a high dry 1) on your (Urboard Mre Iflcj which you p for Capt. fVafes'- as it is not Mt going a/ant-River, too dif- at the mouth of the go into Cafe-Splitt ling into Cape-Splilt d. Ch. paTs LadU-IJlandi, ir Til/btVs Ifiind', 1 you come to the ater there is a Ledge Ifland. When you ^ou may (leer E. for hand beft on board, lund, which hat not anchpr to Che Weft- AM ERIC AN COAST PILOT. «$ \ Directions going through Moofe-Peck Reach. WHEN bound to the Eadward, over Moofc-Ptrk-Bar,yf\\\ch yoiimuft notcrofs before two hours flood, you (leer for * Kelly's Collec-Houle, which iies on the larboard hand as you go to the Eadward. When you are enter, ing on the Bar, you will bring a buftiy tree riglu againd Kelly'i 'noufe, which fltands on the point. Your courle over the Bar is Eafl. You leave the Virgin' s-Breafis on your larboard hand; but if you are bound to Chandler's -River, you will leave the Virgin'i-Breajls on your Aarboard hand, and Rogue't-I/land on the lame hand. There is a muddy Bar that lies between Rogue' s-Jfland and the main land, but has water enough on it at twd hours flood. Rogut's.Ifiand has a good harbour at the N. W, of it, fafe from all Eafterly winds, and a fmall diflance from Chandler's- River. When you go over Moofc-Peck-Bar, bound to Machias, you leave the Virgin' s-BreaJls on your larboard hand, keeping your courie Eaft, and Ragged-Arje on your {larboard hand, you mud keep Libhy's-ljland o^^n to the Southward of Ragged-Arfe, [N. B. This Ragged-Arfe is a bar* rock, which you leave on your ftarboard ; but you may leave it on your larboard hand, and deer £. S. E. for JLibby's-IJland, 1. I , I . . , I , , , Ml", ■ , ■ DircAions for failing into Georges' -River, WHEN bound from the weftward to Georges'. River you mud go to the fouthward of Damifceve Iflands, and deer N. N. E. 3 le:igue$ for Penmequid Point ; ana when laid Point bears W. S. W. you mud deer E> N. E. 3 leagues for the River. In dcering the above courCes you will lee Franklin's IJland on your darbonrd hand, which appears round and covered with trees ; but before you come up with iaid Ifland you will make Egg-Rock, which is high and may be feen s or 3 leagues didant, which you mud leave on your larboard hand. When you come near this Rock you will fee a dry Rock on your darboard hand, but continue your E. N. E. courfe without danger. If you have a head wind and are obliged to turn to windward, you mud not, after pafling Penmequid Point, ftand to the northward of Egg-Rock, as there are two lunken ledges between faid Point and Rock, which you mud leave on your larboard hand. Thefe ledges are never bare, but; at low ^vater, with the wind at the eadward, the water over them breaks very high. After you have pafled Franklin's- IJland deer £. N. E. about 2 leagues, keeping in the middle of the River, which courfe and didance will carry you in fight of Capt. Henderibn's Houfe and Store, (which are both red) together with a fmall wharf on your larboard hand, clofe to the river. After you have pafled this houfe you mud keep the darboard Ihore bed on board as there is a ledge of Rocks lying off the larboard hand that extends two thirds acroBi the river. Yoi< will alfo fee two finall houfes and two bams on your darboard hand which you may run within a quarter of a mile of. In running up or down this river you mud not fhut in Capt. Hender* Ton's houfe with the north (hore until you have pafled the above-mentioned I:rdge. Wlien you fee a large broad Cove on your larboard hand you may be certain you are to the eadward of the ledge, and you will be alfo it^ ar tjesrsr^ 8» AMERICAN COAST PILOT. fight of three large buildings, the largeft of which is a fpacious Houfc built by Henry Knox, Elq. When bid houfe bears N. N. E. you way fleer N. E. by N. and run faid courle till within a mulket (hot of it. Thebeft time for a ftranger to go up this river is at low water, as it is very crooked and the flat on each fide can then be fecn. The river runs from JFrankUn's Ijland from E. N. E. to N. E. by N. about e or 6 leaiiuea oiflant. N. B. When you go to the eaftward of Damafeove- Ijland, you brine Seguine.Ligkt.Houfe to bear W. S.W. and fteer E. N. £. for Gtoree'i- Jtiver. * DircAions from Town/eudio Manbeigin. WHEN yea take your departure from SquirreUIJland you fteer E. S. E. for the Ifland of Manheigin, keeping that courfe until the paffage be- tween Georje's-Iflands and Manheigin bears N. E. You may then fteer N.E. for miuHead, leaving George's IJlands (which are three in number) on yoi^|Llarboai-d hand. The eaftem Ifland has no trees on it. There are two'Sangerous rocks bearingdue fouth from the middle of the middle Ifland called the Old Man and the Old Woman, which are bare before low |;i water. They lie about one mile from the ftiore.and at high water when I the wind blows off the land they do not appear. If you are bound to ihe , I eaftward and the wind fliould uke you ahead, when you are between Man. heigia and George's -IJlands, you bring the middle of Manheigin to bear . fouth, and run in north, which courfe will carry you between the eaftern Ml George's Ijland and the middle Ifland. You may run as near as you :W' vfiih to the eaftern Ifland, but the middle Ifland has a ledge of rocks that lie to the eaftward of it which are always dry, which you arc to leave on .f your larboard hand. When you get to the northward of this Ifland you |, muft haul to the weftward and run up between it and the weftem Ifland, i ib as to bring the body of the middle Ifland to bear N. E. of you. Here you jili! ' inoor your veCTel if you ftay any time. I If you are bound to the eaftward from this Ifland you may go to the northward of the eaftem Ifland, but you muft be careful of a ledge that lies to the eaftward of laid Ifland, which you muft leave on your ftarboard hand ; and when you bring Manheigin to bear S. W. you may go N. E. If night ftiould come on, or the wind a-headyou may haul up about N. E. b. N. for Tennant's Harbour, which lies about 3 leagues ftom George's- Jflands. You cannot mifs this harbour in the day time. You will make Mu/queto Harbour which lies between two Iflands covered with fpruce trees. The entrance of the harbour is north. When you h»ve pafted this lurbour you wUl run about tinro miles, keepug your courfe N.£.b.N. wheA you will pals by an Ifland with burnt trees on it, which you leave on your larboard hand, aud two Iflands on your ftarboard hand which alfo have burnt trees on them ; then you muff bring the harbour to bear W. N. W. before you enter. This is a good harbour provided you have neither cables or anchors, as you may lave your veflel by running up to th« h«4 of it, on muddy bo'.jiL'. which will be dry at. low water. ■ « ' "ftij i A t j. ' i'y i l nn ii H,. .).- .OT. ch is a fpacious Houfe ! bears N. N. E. you hin a mufket (hot of it. low water, as it is very The river runs from about 5 or 6 leagues fcove-Ifland, you bring E. N. £. for George' i' tanheigin, reUIJland you fteer E. irfe until the paflage be. You may then fteer :h are three in number) no trees on it. There i middle of the middle lich are bare before low id at high water when If you are bound to the you are between Man- of Manheigin to bear 3u between the eaftern y run as near as you a ledge of rocks that :h you are to leave on ard of this I Hand you ind the weftem Ifland, . £. of you. Here you id you may go to the eful of a ledge that lies ave on your ftarboard W. you may go N. E, f haul up about N. £. eagues from George' s- ime. You will make covered with fpruce :n you h>ve pafied this courfeN.£.b.N. wheA ich you leave on your and which alfo havQ arbour to bear W. N. ided you have neither by running up to th« iw water. AMERICAN COAST PILOT. Direilions (or Town/end Harbour. IF you come from the weftward and make Seguine-lfand you muft leave it on your larboard hand, give it a birth of about half a mile, and fleer N. E. about two leagues, which courfe will carry you to Squirrel- JJland : if it is day time you will fee two large rocks* oh your larboard hand, to which you give a fmall birth, and when you pals them you will make Sguirrel-jjland, whicii you leave on your (larboard hand dire£ling your courfe N. I W. about 4 or ,5 miles — the entrance of Totun/end is narrow, and there is a fmall rocky lHaiid that is very low which you leave on your Aarboard hand, then you may haul to the N. E. or N. E. b. E. but in a dark, night and thick weather I would recommend to anchor under the lee of Squirrel- IJland, where you may make a good harbour with any wind that blows,as you may go round this ifland with any ve(rel whatever : but in the day time there is not the lead danger in going in, only follow the above dire£tion« and you may anchor in the N. E. or the S. W. lide, but the N E. harbour is the beft and fafe(i with all winds. In going to the N. E. haiibour you will leave a fmall Illand on your larboard hand, which bring to bear S. W. and you will be (ale filHi slU winds, and if you loie your cables and anchors you majr run your Vetfel up to the head of the harbour. If you fall into the caftfard and make the Kland of Manheigin, bring it to bear E. S. E. and run W. N. W. for Town/end, 8 league* diftant. In running to this harbour from the eaftward, you leaveall Dam- a/cove-Mands on yoxit larboard hand. The harbour is told, but you muft be carehil if you (hould go about, not to (land too near the (larboard hand which lies near D amor ifcotti- River. When you pafs Fijherman's- IJland you continue your courle \V, N. W. for the middle of Squirrel- Ifland, which you will make right a-head, as there are feveial ledges of (unken rocks on your (larboard hand. When you pafs Dam$ri/cotU-River, you may go within a quarter of a mile of Squirrel- Ijlands, but with a fair wind give it a birth of half a mile and then fteer N. W. for the hvbour, and follow the direftions yon have for going into the haibour of Town/end, where you may lie fafe from all wind. ][)iredions for Kennebeck and Sheep/cut Rivers. IF you .ome from the weftward, bring Cape-Elizabetk to bear weft and fteer eaft for Seguine Ijlarid ten leagues — If you are bound irAoKennebech river,+ you muft fteer E. 4N. and leave &id Iftand on your (larboard hand giving it a birth of about halfamile, and as foon as you bring (aid Kland to bear fouth, you fteer due north which courfe will carry you into Ktnnebeck river. Yoa muft have regard to the tide, for the tide of ebb fets out very ftrong due feuth, right on Seguine IJland, therefore if you have not a good • Called the Cuckolds. + This is one of the prindtal rivers in the DiJlriH of Maine, Thirty miles from the Chops, Swan-Ifland, 7 milis long, divides the water of the river, on ioth fides of which it is navigable, but the channel ■ontheeafl fide oj it ii rnoji ufed. , m m 11 L. 1 |» AMElitCAN COAST PILOt* Irecze of wind you cannot flem ihft^tide, as it foti 4 or 5 knots an hour. Wh«it you tonie into the enlnnct oi Kennficik' River, your com'' 1% N. W. to the Sugar-Loaves, J^ of a mile Jilhni. Leave the Su^ar '.t.ives on vour ilarboard hand, from which yuur Courii; is N. N. W. j leagues to C«ck'.i- Head i this Coik's-Head is a very high blulFof nKka wliith you leave 011 your larboard hand*, but be careful of a (houl flat th:it iics on your Liphoard hand, before ywu comv to Coik's-Head, Keep tiearcft to tlic (lurhoard iliore. In cali: the wind and tide (hould b^ again(l: yui>, you m..y anchor to the fouthward of Perkins'- 1 Jland, which lits on ihc ft:irbai;J hand, where you may lie fafe aftfr bringing the ItlanU lu bear i«>ith of you ; but with a fair wind and tide, you may proceed to Parker' s-tlats. which li<- .1 little above Cock's-Head. This river is not to be aiiempieu obuy .: Parker'. ■ Flats, on account of the (Irenfith of the tide and crookedneL of )J><: ctiauuti, unlefs you are well acquainted, or have? a pilot. v ^ < . If you are bound to Shtfp/cut River, from the wedward, and' miikf th>2 li[»na of Segttine, you may leave the Illaud on your (larboard baud jgive ti. a birth of half a nvile, and when you pafs it to the eadward you mud biinj; it to bear S. V/.b. S. and (leer N. E. b. N. which courfe will carry you to £l>eniiook Harbuur didarlt 3 leagues } this h\i,fyf)\a is very narrow at lix entrance but makes a lar^e bafon when youtl^Mp it-^in ihe entrance it lies £. N. E. Ypu cannot get in here witHi#|P< %- or eadcrly wind, but muft have the wind ibuthor wellerly : ^Xn/ifl^glf^ffjtt into this harbour you Qiufthaul up N. £. or N. £. b. Nf. for there are ievend funken rocks on the Q^rbuard iund as you go in which you are to avoid. The bed anchor- age ^ &|^ain(l Capt. StM 1 1 h 's wharf, where are four fathoms, inudidy bot- loni "; a;jd you will lie lafi from all winds. But if you are bound up Sheepfi tut iitver in a large velTel, and ccnne from the weflwafd, y^/a mull go to the foMthward of Stguint IJland, (leering about N. E. or N. £. b. £. one league, and when the river bears north or north a little weAerly, you- may run north, and muil keep the llarbpard hand bed on-board ; tliere are many rocks and ledges, fome ^ them above, and Tome tinder water, wl^ich are all to the eaftward of Safiine .• when you get up as high as EieAicook you leave the two Mark-Jjlands on your larboard hand, Keeping your couvfe north, a little eailerly, but if you, ,only come here to make a harbour, when you get up to Capt Hodgfon's you will fee a bare ledge on yoin' larboard hand if it is low water, which is covered at high water ; you if ay an« cnor tti V istnoutt to ina soitnwain dt it* If you want to go up to Wifcajfet Point, you mull keep your (larboard hard bed aboard north eaderly till you come to Croj. River, which you leave t)n your llarboord h«nd< You wift not attempt to go tip to Wifct^et Point "with a head wind and tide of ebb, for it islhree leagues from Crofs River, ktut when ypu have a fair wind and tide, you may proceed without fear. This river is nuToni and lies more to the wedward ; when you are about a mile Or a mile aad an ha^ up you raud keep your larboard iaiid bed aboard fin- there is a Isdge of rocks which rcacbss near lialf way aera6 the river, u hich are en your darboatel hand, and the rock near the middle is covered at high u'ater, but may be fecn two hours before, llie river runs drait to d^ecker's XarrowSytla^n it turns round to .the wedward :, When you enter thsle narrows you may iec tbeiown. Jn cali; you (hould go up in the niglit, you mud be careful of two large rocky that lie W. S. W, of thefe narrows ; the title of flood iets very drong for them, andthey are never covered ; you fttay go on either fide of them, aAd may anchor in 10 or 1 a fctlioms water, •tauddyhotfom. ■ It is high water here at full and change of the moon about three quartets of an hour Iboner than at Bodun. ■ jf jg lj y iM i i ili t. , knots an hour. WHffi ir com'' is N. W. to Su^ar-Loavts on your ^ 3 leaftiifS to Ctck'S' u whlth you leave on t lies on your lasboard arcft to tli« {Ijrboard 'ypu, you muy ancliof II inc ftarbo.iiJ hand, ■ar iii^'li of you ; but cr's-F2iUs. which V,<- a mpi.eudhtfV- Par^r'.- kedneCi oi'jjje tf-wuwtl, edward, and makt the flarboard hai,d g)\ f li. [Iward you mull bring I courfc will carry you t is very narrow at ihc J it — in thie entrance it L or eafterly v/iod, but I into this harbour you vcrai funken rocks on Old. The bflft anchor- r fathoms, muddy bot- iu are bound up Sheep/^ [lwa;rd, ywa mull go to . E. or N. E.b. E. one ittle wefterly, you- may -board ; then are many kr water, wl^ich are all high as E^iiicook you 4, keeping your courfe I make a harbom', when ledge on your larboard jh water ; you i^ay an- ift keep your ftarboard River, which you kavc go up to Wifettffet Point igues from Crofs River^ proceed without fear. ; when you are about a trboaniiand beft aboard f way acrofe the river, ar the middle is covered lire river runs ftrait to (vard :, When you enter lould go up in the night, 5. W, of thefc narrows ; are never covered ; you 10 or 12 fiitlioms water, oon about three quarters AMERICAN COAST PILOT. Dircftions for failing into New-AleaJows. H THIS River bears N. E. eight leagues diftant from C ipe-FAizahcthf ond about one league from Small Point, If) 'hould fall into this Bay with the wind at S. E. or S. S. E. and bounu .o the Eadward, you ma^ make a good harbour in the above river. In (landing to the northward, you will make a large round lllind on your (larboard hand, covered with I'pruce trees, together with two large Rocks, one called the Broun Cow, and the other the }f''hitr Bull, which are fomediftance from each otlier. You mud leave the Broun Com on your {larboard, and th^ IVhUe Bull on your larboard hand, the latter of wliich you may go within i cable's length of, and when you have palTcd it. mud ftind over for Horft-lfand, that lies on ihe darboan', which has a houl: on it, that you may go wi;hina cjuarier of a mile of. To the wed ward of i \v. liland lies a large rock which is cov- ered at high water, but bare at halt tide ; you may go on either fide of it when it is in fight, but the wided imffage is to the eadward. When you have pad'ed this rock deer N. by \\!. or N. N. W. which courfe will car- ry you up with a large Ifland called Bear IJland, which is covered with Spruce and Birch Trees, When you have palfed this Ifland about one quarter of a mile, you may haul in for ihe darboard (hore and anchor in 5 or 6 fathoms water. This is the bod place to anchor with the wind at S. S. E. or Ead, but be careful of a leiige of Rocks, that run to the north- ward of this Idand about half a mile off. You may anchor in this Bay ac- cording as the wind may be ; if it diould be at the wedward you may an- chor on the wtd fide of the Bay ; and if to the eadward anchor on the cad fide. If you have lod your cables and anchors tlrere is a large Cove on the ftarboard hand, about two miles from Bear IJland, bearing about North, which is fufiicient to hold 30 or 40 fail of veffels. It is land-locked all round, lb that no wind can damage a vedel after (he gets into it. Diredlions for Hufe/s Sound. If ybu cohie from the eadward and make Seguine Ijland, bring it to bear ead and deer wed for Hujfey's Sound, if you have a fair wind and day light, as you have nothing but Iflands on your ftarboard hand. The tide of flood fets very ftrong in between the(e Iflands ; when you get with. in two miles of Hujey's Sound you will make two Iflands which have no trees on them them, called Green- IJlands — you continue your courfe till you make Hufey't Sound bearing N. N. E. then you may fteer in with your courfe N. N. E, Tliereisa large (bund called Broati joune/, about halfway between Seguine and Hujfey's Sound : you leave Merrikeneek IJland on your ftarboard and Half-way -rock on your larboard hand — but this found hais feveral rocks un- der water, and is not fit for ftrangers to go into. When you pafs the two Iflands after entering Hujfey's Sound yo» leave three Iflands on your larboard and two iflands on your ftarboard hand ; the nothem Ifland on your ftarboard is called Smith's IJland : when you pafs fiiid Ifland about ^ of a mile you may haul away £. N. E, till you ftiut in . 4 . -A F ^ Jif 34 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. fail! in.tnd to the S, E.llifn you may anchor in 8 or 3 t.i'lioip";. miidcJv hot* lorn. — //(!.? Ijland to the S. W. — Baji-t Iflnnfl to the N. VJ .—Great Calif']u( Jjhind to the N. K. — and Smtih't Illand (o thi S. E. Here you may moor 200 lail of (hips fafe from ill wiiuts ; and whi.ii wind and tide lerves, you may be out to fu in one hour. r !|: Directions for Portland Harbour. THE lad fuinmer the harbour of Portland was buoyed out. In De* cember laft, three of the buoys were driven from heir moorings, but are now (Augud, tSoo) replaced, and will be obferved as follows : — In coming from the louth-weftward, when within half a mile of *Capf' £tizabith, tlie red buoy on Broad-Cove- Rock may be ken ; it bear* N, N. E. from the pitch of the Cape, dillance 1^ mile, and lies in 24 feet water. When up with this buoy Icive it on the larboard hand, half a cable's length dil- tanc;, and ftcer N. b. E. f E. one mile, which will carry vou up with the white buoy awTruiidy's- Rtef, which lies in l(> feel water. Giving it tiiefaine birth as the other, you may then run N. b. W. J W. for Portland +Iighi- houfe, 3 miles diftant. Wlien 1 \ with the head on which the light-houle ftands, give it a fmall birth, and (leer N. b. W. leaving Bang'j-IJIand on the (larboard hand, till you come to Hou/e-Ifland, the S. W. point of which bears N. from the lighl-hcufe, diibnt e miles. Before you are up with this IHand, the black buoy on SpringmPoint-Ledge may be fern ; it bears N. W. b. W. from the S. W. part of HouJe-IJland, diftant half a mile, and lies in 14 feet water. (^When up wiiL (his buoy, you open the town.3 Giving it a fmall birth, you may haul up N. W. for the white buoy on Stanford' s-Ledge ; this buoy lies alio in 14 feet water, and one mile diftant from Spring-Point-Ledgt buoy. Giving the white buoy a fmall birth, you may keep up midway the river, and anchor oppofne the town, where you plea. ', in fafety. [N. B. All the above buoys are to I^e left on the larboard hand in com- ing in, and the depth of water put down is at low water ; the courfes are by the compafs.] There are alio two fmall buoys, on two ledges in fPhiU-Htad paflage, at the N. £. part of Bangs' -Ijland, This palTage is narrow, and but feidom ufed with large vellels. By keeping midway between the two buoys, the red on the (larboard and the white on the larbcard hand in coming in, you will not luve lels than 5 fathoms water. After palTing the buoy.*, keep midway the paifage, and run one mile diftance, which will carry you into Skip' Channel, the &roe as if you had pafled the light-houfc. * There is a rock calUd Alden's-Rock, bearing E. S. E. Jrom Cape- Elizabeth, 3 c 4 miles dijiant, tuith only 9 or 10 feet water on it at low water, and in rough weather the water over it frequently breaks ; it lies near- ly S. S. E. from the lighthoufe, diflant about 3 leagues. + The Light-IIoufe is on a Point of land called Portland-Head, at the entrance of the harbour. It is ajlone edifice 73 feet high, exclufwe of the lanthorn, andjtunds in lat, 43, 39, N. long, 69, 52, fK. liM-^t^im m i ^iit t l i jflj I I .M— oiin, miiddv hot* N. W.— Great S. E. Here yoi» II wind and tide lyed out. In Dc» noorings, but are lows : — a mile of *Cap(' it bear* N. N. E, in 24 feel water, cable's length dil- vou up with tlie Giving it tlie fame Portland +lighi- ii the light -houle ig Bmig'j-Ijland ■ S, W. point of tfore you are up ' may be fern ; it d, diflant half a oy, you open the W. for the white water, and one lite buoy a fmall >ofite the town, )ard hand in com- the courfes are Utad paiTage, at and but feldom two buoys, the ming in, you will >ys, keep midway you into Skip- E. Jrom Cape- iler on it at low aks ; it lies near- ortland-Head, at high, extlufivt of W. AMERICAN COA "II.OT. |f NOTE. If by any irrident either of ihf buoys (hr>u!d be rwrnt*' ' 4ii following dirc£tions An lading into Portland Harbour will b> iii4 ufeful. WHEM von come from the Ibuth- weft ward, and intend 'o ^ \mo Portland^ give Cape- Elizabeth a birth of halt a mile, and llcer N. N. E. un. til you bring Portland lijjhf-houle to bear N. N. W. when you muft haul lip N. N. W. if the wind will permit ; hut if vou aic in a Urge fhip, and the wind at N. W. or W. N. W, your liifeU way is to continue your courfe N. N. E. which will carry you lafe into HuJ'ey'tSound, allowing it to he tide of flood, as Portland Sound is narrow but bold between the light-houfe and Jiang's. J^and, which is on your (larboard hand. If you fhould turn into Portland in the night, in (landing to the (oiith-weflward you muft go about as (bon as the light bears N. N. W. and in ftandmg to the eaftward, you muft go about as foon as the light bears W. N. W. for there is a ledge of rocks that bears S. b. E. from Portland light-houfe, and alfo* lowlfland called Ram-IJland, about eall-northerly one mile diftant from the light- houle : but if you have a leading wind, you may go in without fear, keep- ing about middle of the channel way, and when abrcaft of (he light fteer about N. b. W. for Hou/e IJland, which you leave on your ftarboard hand ; when you pal's Hoxife- IJland, bring it to bear S. E. b. E. and fteer N. W. b. W. or W. N. W. with the tide of flood. In fteering the above courfe, you will lee a round bulhy tree to the north of the town, and a houfe with ■ red roof and one chimney ; bring the tree to the weft of the houfe, which courfe will carry you up channel way in 6 or 7 fathoms of water ; but when you come abreaft of the fort, which Hands on a hill, haul away W. S. W. as there is a (hoal bank on your ftarboard hand, that has not more than 10 or 12 feet on it at high water, which you are to avoid. Here you will be careful of two ledges of rocks, one called Spring- Point- Ledge, two miles N. b. W. f W. from the light-houle, and the other three miles, bearing N. b. W. ^ W. called Stanford's- Ledge, which has a buoy on it, and ftretches oft' from your larboard hand near half a mile in length. They lie to the S. W. of Houfe- IJland, and arc all bare at low water. If you are obliged to turn in here, they are much in the way, and when you are ilanding to the fouthward be careful of them. The marks will do in the day time, but are of no fervice in the night. There is a pilot who generally attends here. This harbour is very open to the wind at N. E. and £. N. E. I f you (hould come in in a dark night, your beft way is to go into Hog- IJland- Road, which may be done by fteering as follows : — When you pals the light-houfe, fteer N. b. W. until you pals Bang's- IJland, which you will leave on your (larboard liand : in fteering this courfe, you will make Houje- IJland, which you will leave on your larboard hand; when you are between both of thele Iftands, you fteer N. E. b. E. till you com© to the fecond Ifland on your ftarboard hand. If it is day time, you will fee a large houfe on faid Ifland, and may anchor as foon as abreaft of it, in 10 or 12 fathoms, muddy bottom. If you ftiould fall into the eaftward of Portland, and make the Ifland of Seguine, bring laid Ifland to bear E. and fteer W. which courfe you are to continue till you make Portland light to bear from N. W. to W. N. W. when you may run for it without fear. N. B. You muft have (bme regard to the tide of flood, whicli fets very ftrong between the Iflands to the eaftward of Portland. ■I s8 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. Remarks on khe fVbite Hiils. TIIESK hilN lie N. W, from Porthnd mA N. N. W, from H'W« IJland, Yiui ni.iy itt tlicrn irt clwr weailifr when no otiwr part of th4 land is in figtit. At the firll fight they uppcjr like a cloud and are alwaya wliile, occalioned, it is laid, by tlieir being coverrd with white mofs. They have been li-en when in lat. 43, 10, N. being 46 miles from Capt'EltTabtth. 'I'he «ie|>th of water in the above lalitiule is 80 fathoms, muddy bottom. When you (leer N. W. or W. N. W. from tliis latitude, yon will niakt ^tgamentuus Hills, and when bearing W. b. N. 6 or 7 leagues, they ap- pear with three hills, and the (mailed of them to the raRward. At tiie Umc time, you will make lytUt'-Hills, bearing W. N. W. and when you are ou the r.orthern part of Jfcfrey's- Ledge,* m 45 fathoms water, you will Ice the hills of Agamenticus bearing W. b. N. or W. N. W. I would recommend to all mariners, in coming from the eaflward, not to to go to the northward of lat. 43, 10 N. in thick weather, unlets they .ire well acquainted, and judge themtelves tube to the w^'ltward of Boon-ljland L.edgtf as this has proved fatal to many who were unacquainted. between Jeffrey's and the IJle of Shoals you will have 70 and 75 fath- oms w.iter, muddy bottom, and a (^rong current letting to the S. \V. You may lee the IJU ojf S/wah 5 or 6 leagues when you arc to the eaflward of ihcm, but in thick weather you will (ee a wind-mill firfl, which is on om; of the Illands. When you go to the wcRward of thcle lllands, and are bound to Portfmoulh or Newburyport, give them three miles diflancf, a-t there is a larRc rock, called Inntjis-Rock, two miles oil, bearing S, W. b, S. from Star-Jjland, which is bare before low water. W f' •1; [1 Direcliom pom Capc-Porpoifc to Wood-Ifland. WOOD-ISLAND, which is high woody land, and very even, lies N. E. 3 leagues didant from Capt-Porpoije. You may eo into this har- tour either at the eaflward or weilward of the I (land. There are llrveral nxks to the wcftward of the Ifland, and liUewiiit a long bar which lies to the S, W. about one quarter of a mUe didant. When you hi\ve the wind to the Ibuthward, you may lay your courfe in, and anchor near Stage-Ij"and ; tiiis is called Wintef'Ilarbour. You may go in the eaftern way, and have ico:n to turn your ved'el, (which is an advantage you cannot have in going in to the wedward) but here you are expofed to the wind at N. E, or £. N. K. but if your cables and anchors are not gcKKl. vou may run into the Pool, and lie i'afe fiom all winds. Saco lies- about a league to the norlhwed, lint it is a barred place, and has not above xo feet at high water, which makes it not fit for ) ilrang«r to go in. The next port to Wood-Ijland \x Richman'i- Ifland, which lies about N. K. northerly four leagues ; this place is only (it for (mail velTeU, fuch as coaders — but few vefftls put in here, it being only one league to the wed- • Jeffrey's- Ledge lies between 42, 40, and 43, 37, 30, NorlhLat. andbfy iwen 68, ^2, 30, a?id 69, 45, Wejl Long. ■ iirt fc . i ii^iaMii^i.j leagues. Capc-Porpoife is a bad harbour, and not to be attempted unleli you are well acquainted or in dillrefi. Ingoing iu, you mull leave two fmall Iflands on your larboard hand, and three on your ftarl)oard. It may be known by the high land of Ktnnebunk, which lies to the II. W. of it. When the ♦haibour bears N. W. you mull haul in, but be careful of the point on your larboard hand, and not go too near it, as it is very rocky. As foon as you arc in the harbour, and clear of the point of rocks on your (larboard hand, your courfe muft be N. W. about two cables length, wh-n you mua conic too, and moor N. E. and S. W. A veH'el that draws 10 feet will be aground at low water. The harbour is fo narrow that a veflel cannot turn round— is within 100 yards of the lea, and iecurc from all winds, whether you have anchors or not. w^"**? [Hand. d very even, lies go into this har- ihere are (everal jar which lies to u have the wind ■ar Stage- Ifiand : I way, and have ot have in going ind at N. E. or nay run into the >arrcd place, and for I llrangsr to rhich lies about II velTels, fuchas gue to the weft- orthLat, andb^ DircA ions for Porlfmouth, (Ncw-Hampfliire.) "WHEN you fall into the eaftward and make Cape-Neddock, and are bound to Portfmouth, when within half a mile of laid Cape, your courfe ii| S. S. W. 4 leagues which courfe you are to continue till you bring Portf mouth +Light-Houfe to bear north, and run within | of a mile of the I-ight, then Jtcer N, b. E. or N. N. E. until you are abreaft of the Light, when you mutt ftecr N. W. until the Light hears S. S. £. and anchor in 9 fathoms at low water, good bottom. If, when coming from lea, you make the Ijle of Shoals, and you are t^ the eaftward of them, you Liuft run for them till within one mile of the eaftem Ule, then fteer W. M. W. until Portfmouth Light-Houfc bears North., then follow your direflions as above. If you come to ths weftward of the IJle of Shoals, give it a good birth jnd ftwr N. A W. which courfe will cirry you up with the Light as a- bove direfted. If you have a head wind and are obliged to beat into th^ • A: the eafernfide of the harbour lies a ledge on which it always breaks, yyr ^i' f/^-'f -'^?"^' ^'^' ^"' onfZjVAf in it and funds on Fort-Pointy rN«w.Utley.^-nlj at the entrance of the harbour. N. by W. and S. by £ Alooa makes High Water at full and change. ul s» AMERICAN COAST PILOT. harbour, you muft obferve there is a funken Rock, at the «aft fide of th« the entrance, called Kitt's-Roci, which has a buoy on it, and S. by W. one quarter of a mile from the Light-Houle lies a funken Rock called Stillman'j Rock, which alfo has a Buoy on it. Give the buoys a good birth and there is no danger. When you come from the S. W. and make Cape Ann and to the eaft- ward of the Dry-Salvages, bring faid Salvage to bear S. b. E. and fteer N. b. W. or N. I W. In fteering (aid courfe you will make the IJle cf Shoals from which you may take a new departure — bring Star-IJland to bear S. S. E. and run N. N. W. but if the wind (hould come to the northward, and you are obliged to turn into laid port, you muft (land to the weftward no farther than to bring the Light to bear north, till you get within Odi' erne's Point, and when (landing to the eaftward to go about as foon as the Light-Houfe bears N. N. W. until you get within Wood-IJland. Be careful of Odiorne's-Point, coming from the Ibulh weftward, for it lies oiF more than half a mile, with funken rocks which do not (hew themfelves •when the wind is off the land — likewife in Ibnding to the eaft, you muft be careful of the Whale's Back, which lies S. S. W. of Wood-IJland, and is covered at half tide. If you are bound to the eaftward from this port you fteer S. b. E. one league from the Light Houfe, then fteer N. N. E. for Old York or Cape Neddock, which is four leagues from Port/mouth .* but if the wind (hould get to the northward you muft be careful of York Ledge, which bears from Saiett't Point, S. E. diftatit <2 leagues. There is a funken ledge ihat lies S. W. one mile from York Ledge — it is never bare, but always breaks at low water, and is called the Tray Angle, Some part of York Ledge is bare at half tide. The next you come to is Boon-IJland which lies S. E. from Cape Ned- dock or the Nubble fo called ; when you pafs Boon IJland, bound to the eaftward, and take the wind to the N. N. £. you muft take care of a ledge of rocks due north from Boon IJland, one mile diftant. [N. B. I have paft this place leveral times in the courfe of forty years but never dilcoveredthe ledge till the year i 'i83,when being bound to the eaftward, the wind took me from the weftward, but the velTel having no more than fteerage way, I hove over a line to catch a (i(h, and found I had 24 fathoms water, fandy bottom, and in a few minutes I had but 10 feet of water, and ^y veflel drawing nine : all that faved me from ftriking was, that the water being entirely fmooth, the current fet me to the eaftward, and.1 got into 24 fathoms within the length of the veiTcl from where I founded and had but 10 feet.] The worft ledge that I know on our Eaftem Shore, is Boon IJland Led^e, which bears E. S.E. from Boon /^and diftant one leagite ; and from Aquamanticus Hill, it bears S. E. 5 or 6 leagues.— It is not lafe for ftran- gers to go too near this Icvlge, for feveral of the rocks are to be leen, long before low water. When you come in from fea, and make Aquamanticus-Hill bearing, N. W. b. N. you are then to the weftward of Boon-Island Ledge ; but when the faid hill bears N. W. b, W. you may be fure you are to tha eaftward cf it. i^iiiWIHfcW I ■^--<«^ AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 99 the eaft fide of th« it, and S. by W. inken Rock called ; the buoys a good in and to the eaft- b. £. and fleer N. te the IJle cj Shoals T'ljland to bear S. : to the northward, id to the weftward ou get within Odi' about as fooii as the Wood-IJland. Be vard, for it lies off ot ihevv themfelves the eaft, you mud . of fVood-IJland, ealtward from this re, then Ileer N. N. from Port/mouth .* be careful of York leagues. There is le — it is never bare, dngle. Some part E. from Cape Ned- md, bound to the ake care of a ledge fe of forty years but ind to the eallwarJ, ving no more than id I had 24 fathoms feet of water, and ras, that the water L and.1 got into 24 linded and had but !, is Soon Jjland league ; and from I not iafe f»>r ftran- to be leen, long \tkus-HiU bearing^ Island Ledge ; but you are to tha DireSIions for Newburyport and Ipfwich Bay. WHEN you come round Cape-Ann, and are two miles to the north* . ward of the dry Salvage-Rock, bring did rock to bear S. E. and (leer N. W. 6 leagues, whicii courle and dilbnce will carry you up with A'ew* buryport-Bar. You muft bring the • lights to bear W. b. S. and anchor in 11 6r t2 fathoms water, if the tide will not permit your coming in. There are feveral pilots belonging to this harbour, who .^ill, if poHible, be oulftde the bar, to take command of every veffel that wilhcs for their afliftance. If they cannot, you mud keep the lights in range, and run for them till within a cable's lengtli of the eaftem light, when you mud haul to the wedward, and anchor between the two light, in 4 fathoms of water.t If your cables and anchors are not good, you may bring the wedfrn light-houfe to bear S. E. b. S. and run N. W. b. N. for Salijbury- Point ; but as Ibon as you make laid Point, you mud haul up N. W. which courfe will carry you clear of J Badger's, Black- Rocks, and th« Hump-Sands, The Hump-Sands lie S. W. from Salijbury- Point, which makes the channel very narrow and difHcult for drangers. When you pafs the Black-Rocks, you mud haul up W. b. S. ^S. which will bring you in channel way and good anchorage. And if it be in the night or dark wea< iher, when you judge yourlelf about half a mile from Black- Rocks, you may come too with iafety. I would recommend to all maders, whether they belong to Newburyport or not, to avoid coming to this port in a gale of eaderly winds, except they are well acquainted, and have a good prol'pe£t of getting in, as every perlbn that belongs there mud know that no pilot can get over the bar when it blows a gale from the eadward. And if you (hould make Cape-Ann lights, and bring them to bear S. b. E. or the Dry Salvages to bear S. b. £. you may run with iafety N. b. W. or N. I W. * Tlu Light- Houfes Jland on the North end o/* Plumb-Idand, and art Jo conJiruBed that they may be rtmovtd with little dijjicuUy. The Eajiern, Light is 50 feet high and the Wijlern Light 44. This IJland is about 9 miles long and half a mile broad, extending from the entrance of Ipiwich River on thefouth, nearly a north courft to the mouth of Merrimack-River, and is feparated from the main land by a narrow found, called Plumb-Iiland- River. On thefeafhore of this Ifland and on Salidiury-Beach the Ma- rine Society, and other gentlemen 0/" Newburyport Adve humanely ercBei feveralfmall houfes, fur nifhed with fuel and other conveniences for the relief of Mariners who may be fhipwrecked on the coafl, ' The north end lies in lat. 43. 4, N. and long. 70, 47, W. + A veffel that draws ten feet water may come in at two-thirds flood. Theyfliould always obferve to keep to the windward of the bar, unleft the wind fhould be fair. If thefea is fo great as to prevent' the pilot's getting over, aftgnal will be made by him, when you muft run direEtfor his boat^ keeping the lights in range, which will carry you fafe over. X Badger's-Rocks bear N. W. | N.from the light-houfes, diflant half a mile, and are covered at two-thirds flood, which you leave on your fiarboard hand. Black Rocks bear N. W.from the light-houfes three quarters of a mile diflant, are always dry, which you afo leave on your fiarboard hand. — Hi-lf-Tide-Rocks bear W. b. S. | 5. from Black-Rocks, diflant one mile and a half, are bare at haljf tide, on which is placed a buoy, that you leave on your larboard hand, North-Rocks {which are fan only at very low tides) bear W.h.S. from Black-Rocks, diflant one mile and af^/f, tohich alfo have a buoy on them, which you leave on your fiarboard hand, ittwetn wMch.and Half-Tide-flocks is the channel. lit itjttl! (kii in] r ;i *• AMERICAN COAST PILOT. diftant ten leagues from Cape-Ann to Port/mouth. In running the above courfe yoa will make the Jp of Shoals, if it is any way clear, from which you take a new departure ; when j-ou pafs the faid Iflands, you bring Star. Mand to bear S. S. E. and ilren fteer N. N. W. diftant from faid Ifland three leagues to Port/mouth. {StUr-I/land is the S. W. Irtand.) There IS a very good harbour in the IJle of Shoals from the wind from north-eaft- erly round to fouthcrly, and vou may lie land locked with any of them ; but If the wmd hauls to the S. W. or W. N. W. you may run out be- tween Smutty-Nofe-IJland, which has a wind-mill on it, and Hog-IJand, vhere there is water enough for a firft-rate man of War ; and where you an- chor, you have 12 fathoms, muddy bottom. Ingoing into Porffmouih, you may bring the iight-houfe to b?arN.N.W. tdl you get within Wood-IJland ; then you may haul away N. or N. b. E. till you pafs the Iight-houfe ; you may then haul up W. N. W. or N. W. b. W. •iid bring the light-houle point to Ihut in with Wood-IJland, where you will be fafe from all winds, and rtay anchor in 8 or 9 fathoms Water. When you come from the eaftwird, w'.th the wind at eaft or E. S. E. With which winds you cannot weather awiy Cape- Ann, when you are at the northward of the IJk of S/ioah, your only (hift is to Portfmouth, and you are obliged to run lo far to the wcftward as to bring faid port to bear N. N. W. and in general the wind at eaft at fea hauls two or three points to the northward, which makes it a heail wind. N. B. The raaftcrs of veffels out of Ncwhuryport om^xI in general to be acquainted with the harbour of "Sqnam. When a vefiffl at anchor oft" New- hiryport-Bar parts a cable and loles an anchor with the wind at N. E. or E. N. E. if (he can carry double reefed fails, flie may run S. S. E. five Iwgues, which courfe, if made good, will carry her a little to the eaftward of Squam-Bar ; and if the weather is lb clear as to fee half a mile when you make the land to the eaft ward of Squam you may run within a cable's length •f the fliore ; your couilejs S. S. W. If you are bound to /^^/wicA, your courfe from Hallowboat-Point to the mouthofthe cliannel that leads info the harbour is W. ^N. diftant about 8 miles. Therearetwo iJfaco«jereaed a fmall diftance to the fouthward of CaJtU-Hill, which may be run for. bit as the bar is often removed by ftorms, it is not fafe to run into the harbjur unltfs acquainted. i!rl ^' Directions for failing into Squim Harbour. SQUAM-BAR is from Hallowbcat Point, (which is the N. E. end of Cape- Ann) from W. S. W. to S. W. diftant about two leagues. There it nothini; to hurt you in running from Hallowboat-Point to Squam-Bar, ex- cept P/awiJ-Cot/e-ZcfA;/, which lies N.N. E.off faid bar, diftant half a mile. After you have pafled this ledge, (which flioWi itielf except at high tide) you will pafs another Cove called Hodgkin's-Cove, when you will come up with Davis'-Nerk lb called. When up with this Neck, haul S. W. or S. W. b. W. for "Wigwam- Point, which lies on the larbo ird hand. Continue your courfe to the S. W. till you have the river open, and to bear S. S. W. when vou will fee one pine tiecon Coffin' s-Bfach, which is on the ftarboard hand of the river, on the land krowls, if the weather is clear. Bring this tree to * A u-ooden Iight-houfe is to hi erdkd on this point, on the place where tht beacon nooijland:^, i^fttt high, of an ocf agonal fvrm, and painted white. # In running the above way clear, from which Hands, you bring Star- liftant from faid I Hand . W. Ifland.) There wind from north-ea(l> ed with any of them ; you may run out he- rn it, and Hog-IJland, u ', and where you an< -houfe to b?arN.N.W. sway N. or N. b. E. till N.W.orN.W.b.W. ood-IJland, where you It horns Witer. id at eaft or E. S. E. ire, when you arc at the ) Port/mouth, and you faid port to bear N. N. ) or three points to the ouglit in general to be efffl at anchor off New- 1 the wind at N. E. or may run S. S. £. five a little to the eadward ee half a mile when you within a cable's length Uowboat-Point to the ^ N. didant about 8 ce to the louthward of is often removed by uainted. 4arbour. :h is the N. E. end of wo leagues. There is nt to Sqvam-Bar, ex- dillant half a mile. xcept at high tide) you ou will come up with ul S. W. or S. W. b. land. Continue your to bear S. S.W. when on the {larboard hatid Bring this tree to w :ar, \t, on the place where rm, and I'liinUdwhiUt iiii^j 'i AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 4r fc'ar S. S. W. and run for Wigwam-Point which you muft keep clofe aboard (within a bifcuit thiow.) When you are off the bir,you will lee Ib.Tie trees up the river, on the larboard hand, which you mud keep Open to the weOwanl of the bv-acon (or light-houfe) oa iVigtoam- Point about a fail's breadth, which will carry you clear df HarriJjn's-Rock, which lies on the eaftern fide of tlie river, gOing into Squam, about two cables length (hort of IViginam- Point. This is a flat reck that has not more than Bve feet of water on it at low water, but tt is very bold all round it. After you have paffed Wigwam-Point, haul a little to the weftward, towaid the bar, to avoid Lobfter's-Rocks (fo called) which lie about one and a half cables length within Wigwam-Point, and are covered, except at low tide. After you have pafledtliele rocks, haul away more to the fouthward, keeping in the middle till you come juft above the fird point on your laiboird hand, when ybu may come to ; but if you have no anchors, go round the po nt, and run your veiTel affiore o.i the flats, Without any injury or danger, o i the flaiboird hand — or running up tO Capt. Gee's wharf. There are leveu feet of Water oa this bar at low Water. Directions to go into Cape-Anrtl4arboUr. WHEN yOu come from the eaftward, and make + Cape-Ann lights, if in the night, bring them to bear S. W. and run dire£t (or them, which cburlt! Will carry yOa within the Londoner, and when you pafs the laid rocks, bring the two lights in one, at which iim^ they will bear N. b. E. I E. and S. b. W. ^ W. and then fteer S. S. W. \ W. keeping faid courle about one mile, which will carry you clear of Milk-Ijland, Which is very low, and cannot be feen in a dark night. When yOu judge yourfelf to the weflward of faid Ifland, you haul to the weftward^ until you bring the lights to bear E. N. E. when yd'i muft fteer W, S. W. about five miles, Which courfe will carry you to Eajitrn-Point, When ybu pafs laid point, keep your courfe W. N. W. until you bring Cape-Ann haibOur to bear north, when ybur courfe is N. E. If you Want to goinfide the Salvages, keep cld^^^ard j: Hat Point, and fteer S. S. £. fbr Strdit'S-fyouth-IJlanS^mht careful to avoid Avery's- Rock, by ktxping the lights on the dry point of Strait's Mouth- Ifland till ybu get up clbfe aboard, then haul rdund the point, and S. S. £. Will Carry you to the lights. To avdid the Londoner, you muft keep the lights clofe aboard the body of the Ifland bn which they ftand; the Londoner lies half a mile off, breaks at all times of tide, is quite dry at low Water, and bears fi. S. £. from the middle of Thatc/ter'i-IJland. A long ftioal runs off N. E. half a mite diftant from the Londoner, between the Londoner iad Thatcher'- ijland there are three fathbms and a half at Ibw water. From the Salvages to Hallowboat-PoiAt and Sandy-Ba^ there lies a large fpot of flat ground, which at low water will take up a fmall veffel. Outfide the Salvages is very bold. Ilallowboat- Point bears from the Salvages W. N. W. i\ miles diftant, I I ■ ■ ■ ' • • ■ — ii . < a^-. ■ f Cape-Ann light-houfes are built on Thatcher's-Ifland, which lies abcut two miUs eajl of the Jouth-tafi point of Cape.Ann, and forms the ntrthtrn limit of Malfachufetts-Bay. , I Thit point has a trtt on the tavern part ^ it* I ■4wBjS|Jf" i; 4i AMERICAN COAST PlLOt. and iht Salvages bear from the lights N. N. E. 3 mile* difbnt. If lU.' wind be to theeaflward, you may anchor in a bay that makes between Ten- rounil-IJland and Eajlern-Point, the latter bearing S. b. E, and Ten-Pound /)2an^ bearing north. Here you may anchor in 4 fathoms water, on muddy bottom. This is a good harbour againll eaftcrly' winds, but if the wind be S. W. you are expoled to it, in wliich cale you nwy clear away Ten-Pound IJland, leaving faid Itland on your ftarbaird hand, and (leer into the har- bour as above direacd, and come too, near Five-FoXnd-Jfand. Note. InlailingfromC(»/T«./4n«lightstoCa/»e.i4>trt harbour, you will fuft open Braces-Cove, before you come up with the harbour, which will, when open, bear N. N. W. which you are to avoid. Cape-Aon harbour lies one fnile further to tlie weflward, and when open bears N. N. E. Directions fot Salem, BcVcrly <7»i Manchefter Harbours. VESSELS inward bo\ind and falling in with Cape-Ann, muft obfervc Ihe following direftions, viz. When abrcaaof Cape- Ann Lights^ bearing N, N. W. about two nijies diliant, (Iter W. S. VV. about three leagues, which will carry them up with the caflern point of Cape-Ann, then fteer W. b. S. 7A milesj which will cany them up with the Lights on Baker' s* Ijland.* .. Ships bound to Salem and falling to the fouthward of BoJ^on Bay and tunning for the Lights, mull, wlien ihey have made them, keep the north or lower Liglit open to the eadward of the ibuthern Light, and run for them, which will cairy them to the eaftward and clear of the fouih breaker t)f Baker's-IJlanJ, which bears from the Lights S. E. b. S. one mile and ^ half didant. Veflels bound to Salem., having made the Lights with a wefterly wind, in beatitig up, muft not ftand to the fouthward or wcftward, further than to fhut one Light in with the other, on account of the fouth breaker, lior to the northward further than to bring the Lights to bear W. b. S. | S. on account of Gale's-Ledge, which bears from the Lights N. E. i E. o!ie tnile and three quarters dillant. In going into 'Va %uo d being up with the Lights, give Baker's- IJland a birth of near one|P|p quarter of a milcj then (leer W. b.N. and you will pais the % Mi/erj-Ijland, leaving it on your (larboard hand* Continue your * Baker's-Ifland lies on the fouth fide of the principal entrance of Salem Harbou ', is about ^ of a mile in length, from N. to S. bearing E.from Fdrt Pickering, dijtant about 4 miles, and 5 miUsfrom the toufu of Salem. The hght-houfe, which fiands 0n this ijland, has two lights on it which bear N» 1V.{ H\ and S. £. J £. at the diflance of /^o feet from each other. The water %s deep near the ijland, bat there is no convenient landing; place. The N. (3 E. fides are high and rocky. There is afmall Channel between the S, Hocks und the Dry Breakers, but isfafe only to tkoj'e toho are acquainted with it. ' $ Mifery-Illand liesfroiri, Baker's-Ifland afjout 1 mile, is joined by a Bat io Little Mifery, which makes the north fide of the channel oppofite Baker's- Ifland. Mifery-Ifland or Grcat-Milery,' is 1 74 rods in lenpjhjrom N. to S. and ge rods in breadth. Little-MiJery is 40 rods in length, with its mojt tucjitrn point projefling into the channel. les diftant. If tfiU.' iiiakes between Ten- . E. and Ten- Pound ms water, on muddy , but if the wind hi ear away Ten-Pound I (leer into liie har- -IjUnd. irbour, you will fiift n-, which will, when A.m harbour lies one N. E. ler Harbours. ie-Aitn, muft obferve n Lights, bearing N . bout three leagues, ^ ape- Ann, then fteer le Lights on Baker's- 1 of Bojlon Bay and liem, keep the north k Light, and run foe of the fouih breaker . b. S. one mile and Mlh a weflerly wind, weftward, further the fouth breaker, to bear W. b. S. ^ ghts N. E. -I E. one jive Baker's-JJland . b.N. and you will andi Continue your 'al entrarlce of Salem hearing E. from Fort ou/n of Salem. The on it which bear N» ich other. The water ^ pUcc. The N. (3 between the St Hochf acquainted with it, , is joined by a Bat nel opffo/ite Baker's- kn^thjrom N, to S. length, with its mojl AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 43 — "-sHi courfe W. b.N. one mile and a half, when you will have pafTed *Bo*odiich'S' (.edge leaving it on your larboard h^nd, where any iiranger may anchor in liife- ty, in about Hve fathoms water, good anchoring ground. But, if you choolii to proceed into iVrt/ mile of tho ihore, till you reach the (butliern Sart of Peachy- Hea^d. From it there is a ledge, out of water at half tide. Tear to iheic bold tocks, 200 yards from the Ihore, is a narrow channel, having 1 1 fwt at coir.mon ebb, between the ledge and a bed of lunken rocks which lie N.E. of the. ledge, and extend one quarter of a mile from the Ihore. If you pafs between the rocks off the ledge arid the Endeavours, you mull not optn the inarks for the Endeavours, and Ciil for Peadiy's-Pcint in a wefteily coaife. If you pais tht narrow channel between the ledge and funken rocks to Peach's-Pcini, olf Dollibefs- Point, or the point beyond the beach and Tock, called S.coVs-Btaih, weilward is Pitman's- Rock, ipo yards from the Ihorc. The houfe is then over the middle of the beach, between the rock . and DoUiber's. Point, and Eagle juft up with Baker' s-IJland. It is a Iharp rock, having 5 feet at common ebb, and s fathoms near it. From Peacli'S' Point to Fart- Pickering is one and a qiiarter of a mile, N. N.W. in fr«m 4 to 5 fathoms. To clear the Aqua-Vita, give theouter a good diftance, lying north of a ledge on Fluent's- Point, or the point within Dol- liber's. In gciing to Beverly, bring Beverly meeting-houfc over the eaftern part of the holpital on llie point of Sabm-Neck, and you leave the inner rocks 300 yards to the eaftward. Being ea ft of Fort-Piikering, to avoid Abbot's-Rock, and the ledge ofli the f"}. E. end of • WinUr-IJland, keep above one quarter of a mile^from the fhore. Abbot's-Roik is found by bring- ing CttJHe-i(ill and Houjt into the cove north of Fort-Pickering, and Bev- • Winter-Idand lies en- the north Jide of the entrance of Salem .Aariowr, about half a mik in kn,r,th: the highejl part is on thefouth of the Ijlaud, oppofite a point of rocks en the + Neck. It has ajlore and rcharj on the Joathern end, at the entrance of Cat-Cove. On the eajlern point Jlands Fort- I'ickering. > } The Neck is a point of Und running north-eaAv^rird'y fiom tlie town about one mile, kT. ft open with Baler's-^ On the oppofite fide fland, ave two teds of ri £agle-IJland andfld- hvu faihoins near iheni, :ween Cnt-IJland, and i you have 6 fathoms, of rocks, not half way iree quarters of a mile Rock, in from 7 to g^ tj to 2 fathoms. It rjt oppofite to Orne's- I as to appear in the pon the fouih part of efides the barred rocks . part of the liland. analem fide of the entrance, and has commonly a Beacon upon the head of it, above a quarter of a mile from, the fliore. The Bar has very Oioal water on the eaftern or outward fide, near it, but good anchorage wthin. There is good water at the head of the Bar. Having paifed the Bar, there is a fandy point from Beverly, or the northern fide of the entrance, and beyond this point are the LohfUr- Rocks, which bear from the head of the Bar weft; a little fouth, and not half a mile diftant, and they are above water at half tide. To avoid this point, after having well cleared the Bar, you will fteer towards Ram-Horn^ Rock, which has alfo commonly : Beacon and is to be ieen at half tide, bearing S. W. b. S. from the head of the bar one eighth of a mile diftant. There are feveral fathoms of water within a velTel's length of Ram- Horn- Hock. Giving this a good birth, you then clear the fandy point ar»d fteer for the Lohfler-Roik Beacon bearing from Ram-Horn Beacon N. W. b. W,. diftant about one quarter of a mile. Giving this a good birth, you are then oppofite to the wharves, and may anchor in deep water and in a very fafe and excellent harbour. ' To enter Manckefter harbour you muft bring the Southern Light to bear S. \ E. and run N. one mile diftant, where you may anchor on good bottom. N. B. Eaftern-Poivt bears from Baker's- Ifland lights E. b. N. \ N, 7I miles diftant. J{ialf way -Rock bears from the lights S. 2° E. three miles diftant. Harding' s-Rocks^ bear frorn the lights W. ^ N, diftant thre? quarters of a mile. Dir^iomforffiiling into Marblchead, VESSELS inward bound, and falling in with the lights on Tkalchet's; IJland, may obferve the following direftions, viz. Thatcfur' s-Ifland-Ledg« bears from the body of the Ifland from E.S.E. ^o S.S.E. extending about 2 miles ftom the ifland. After getting the weft light to bear N. f W. yoii are to the weftward of the ledge ; then haul to the N. W. to bring the lights to bear N. E. b, E. and fteer S. W. b. W. for the eaftern point, which is about 6 miles diftant from Thatiher's-Ifland. Th?n your courfe isW.b.S. diftant 7 miles, for the lights on Baker's -Ifland, Veffels bound to Marbkhead, and falling to the fouthward. and running for the lights, after making them, muft keep the north and lower one open to the eaftward of the fouthern light, and run for them, which will carry ^hem to the eaftward, and clear of the fouth breakers, off' Baker' s-IJland^ which bears from the lights from S.E. iS.to S.E.b.S. |S. diftant a^ miles. Having made tlie lights with a wefterly wind, and beatirig, when within 2j miles of them, you muft not ftand to tjrc fouthward and weftward fo fai;' as 19 fhut the north light up with the fouth light, on account ■ OT. ig the lights to b«ar W, from the lights N. E. , take care of a ledge > N. b. £. didaiice four e lights, give the noitli lile, or Ids. Having the oint. When the luiitli ifl'c«l the point (leaving ears fiom the ligliu N. k S.or S. S. W. until hen Aeer S. W. b. W. t will leave Harding's. <\ hand ; Pope's- Head, )ard hand. L'he BriiH' f a mile; and Gray's. feven eighths of a mile, and blowing hard from point by keepifg it welt from the Uiore, where » with the S. W. point, : NtJitli Goitfberry and and, and Pope's- Hea,i '■ '^•'^T' 3i •» 5 fathoms lul to the iionh'.vaid, r S. W. b. W. i W, Half wny- Rock,* mufl W. to avoid the foutU diftant one mile. lie- •ad, bring the rock to 't-IItad, diflant three 1 bears from Halfway, Rock on the larboard bnt a miles. JUack. ttile. Cat-IJland-Rock, nt about one mile. tl)i liojluii light to they are difbnt from n light bear of each be feen at quarter ebb, leen ' at quarter ebb, Duth breakers oil Ba- overed at high water, water, but low. Cat~ v's-Ro(i, and Pope's., ock is very bold all ;a(l; from the N. E. d no paffage for fliips. I ihe furfacc of lfi( AMERICAN COAST PILOT. a Scdtln^s and Difiances of the pn mi pal Ifland of StXtm, from Baker's- K. point of Cape-Ann - bears Gafe'^-I.edge, didant 2 miles, \V. part ot iloufe-Ifland E. part of VVhale's-Batk * iiLedge, i|mile N. part of Ilarding's-Roiks, \ mili, N, part of Ilalte-Rock, a^ miles, S. part of Coney-Iiland, 2.\ miles, Kaugus-Head, on Maiblelioad fliore, N. pait of Gray's-Rock N. part of Eagle -I (land, I iriile, S. part of Marblehead-Nerk, N. part <)f Cat'Ifland, 2 mik-s, Middle of Pope's4iead N . part of Weftern Goofberry Satan, or Black-Rock, 1 1 miles, Eallem Goofberry, | mile, llalfway-Rock, 2^ mile, S. Breakers of Baker's- Ifland, \\ mile, £. ditto ditto », Rocks, iic, in the vicinitj) Ifland. E. N. E. i E. N. E. b. E. } fi. N. b. E. i E. N. b. E. \ E. N. b W. |W. N. W. i N. W. N.W. W. I N. - w. } s. W. i s. W.S. W.|W. W. b. S. i s. S. W. b. W. i w. S. W. b. w. S. W. I w. s. w. \ s. S. W. b. S, J w. S. S. W.iW. S.^E. S. S. E. i E. ' S. £. b. S. Rmarks on CafhcVLedgc, by an experienced Navigator. I TOOK my departure from Thatcher's- Island, which lisa 2 mile* to the eaftward of Cape-Anni the Ifland bore from me N. three miles dif- tant : from the bearing I fteered E. | N. 65 miles, with a fair wind, and fell m with the north part of the bank, where Cafhe' s-Ledze is, about two leagues to the northward of the Shoal, in 60 fathoms, hard Black clay. This Bank lies north and fouth fevcn leagues, and eaft and weft two leagues ; and in the centre of the bank is the fhoal ground Ipoken of in the Waggener\ its length and breadth is one quarter of a mile : there is on it in fomli parts to fathoms, in others only 4f, all exceeding rocky. In the length of a boat you will have from 10 to 4 J fathoms, and there arc \-\ fathoms within a cable's length of the flioal, which gradually deepens as you ftand from it, all over the bank, to 90 fathoms ; at this founding you ue to the edge of the bank. You will in general have upon the bank oozy and fandy bottom, with black ftones ar.d broken Ihells, tjU you get into 25 or 30 fathoms, it then becomes rocky. The current fets exceeding ftrong and irregular ; inlefsihan an hour it will run all round the compafs. All fliips and" velTels fhould Endeavour to fteer clear of this Shoal, for I am perfuaded that in afrefhgalc t)f wind they muft ftrikc ; if not, the fea muft run fo as to founder them. By four days obfervvion, the weather being exceeding clear, found the Shoal to lie in lat. 43, 01, North. * ■ ir.-g' ■MMMaMM li'-t'. W' . AMERICAN COAST PILOt. VireHions for Jailing into Bofton Harbour. IF bound to Bofion from ihe SoiithwarH, croTs Ceotfj'i Bank in taf; 4'i*, 15' north, or 42°, 30' in either of which the dioilefl water you have will be 36 fathoms, fi-om which you lleer W. b. N, J N. 45 lca/;un, anJ if clear weatiier you will li"eCj/ie-/ifiirtonyour llarboaru handatiri ^Cape-Cod on your larboard hand, 'lake care not to lh<^ northward uf 43'^, 40' for fear of Cajke's-Ledj^e, wliich lies E»ii half North, ij leagues from Cape-Ann, From Cape- Ann to Bojon t Light -Hmile the courlc is S, W. didance 7^ leagues. After making the Light, with the wind fnir, you will brin){ it to bearW. b. N. or W. N. W. and then run for it, till you come within two cable's length of it. If the weather is bad you cannot get a pilot from the light-houli: : after running abread of it, lb as to bring it to bear N. b. E. you may run W. i>. S. about one mile and a h.ilf to Sant,iJk:t-Road, where you may anchor in from 7 to 5 fathoms in lafety. To work into Bofion- Bay you may (land to ilie fouthward till you bring the light to bear VV. N. \V. and to the northward rill you bring it to bear W. S. W. lilt you come within one league of the light ; then you muflnot ftand to the northward any further than to bring it to hear W. b. N. and to the fouthward to bring it to bear W. N. W. — You may anchor in the Bay with fafety if the wind is olVilie fhore. If yf>u fall to the lbuth%trard of Bojian be careful to avoid Cchaffcl-Roihs, which lie abuve water (bme dif- tance from the land, the outer put uf which, railed Miuot's-Rock:, \u% a black buoy on it, that lies in 5 fathoms water, wliich you leave on your lar- board hand. Your courle from this buoy to the light-houli; is N. W. f N^ diftant three league^i. In running the above courle and diftance, you will pafs a White Buoy which lies in four fathoms water, that is on tlie N. £. part of Harden f Rocks, and bears S. K. | S. from tlie light-houfe, diftance one league and a half, which Rocks may be.ieen two hours before i'tw water, that you alto leave on yout larboard haiul. I'here is another buoy on your larboard hand, which is red, that lies in three fathoms water on Point' Ah derton. When in the middle of the light-houfe channel (leer W. b. N. ona mile diftant, to the beacon on th(' ^.'pit, which you nny run within one quarter of a cable's length r'^, If^iviii;; it on your ftarboaid hand, oppofue to which lies a black buoy. jj> wo nihoms Witat., On George's- JJland-Rocks, Between the light-houfe and George's- Iftiiod lies a rock called the Ceitlurion, in mid channel, with 15 feet waicr on it. Your courfe from this toOaliop's- IJland-Point is N. W. b. N. half a mile diftant. From thence through the Narrows by Nick's-Malf, your courfe is N. N. W. half a mile difbmt* Nkk'S'Mate muft be left on your larboard hand, one cable's length diftant^ apd then fteer W. b. N. fur CaJtU-lJland, diftance 4 miles, when you will lee a white buoy, which is on the Cafik-Roch, in 2 fatltomt, which you leave on your larboard hand. When abieall of the CafiU fteer N. N. W. * • Cape-Cod is lowfandy land. Cape- Ann iV tniddlinir high, with many ireet on it. There is a ftmarkable land called Pigec^-Mill, vDkich appears iike a boat bottom up. + The lighl'ho,tt/e Jlands an a /nail Island on the north entrance of the channel, (Point-Alderton and Nantalket-HeightS beinir on tliefouthj and is about 65 feel high. Two huts are ereSed here wi:h accommodations Jor fiipurecked feamen, A cannon is bdgtd and mounted at the li^ht-houfe to anfuer fifnuls. LOT. Harbour. Ceorf^t'i Bank in \»{. loalefi water you have '. 1 N. 45 leagiiM, and ml hanaanti *CapeCod d of 42", 40' for kit of ;»gues from Capt-Ann, le is S. W. difUnce 7I ir, you will britijf; it to 11 you come within two lot get a pilot from the ling it toln-ar N. b. E. S ant iijk:t- Road, where :)uthwjr(l till you bring ill you bring it to bear ght ; then you muflnot to bear W. b. N. and to miiy anchor in the Bay lit to the fouth\tmrd of ie ah(»ve water fome dif- d Min3t'S'Roch\ hjs a 1 you leave on your lar- n-houli; is N. W. \ Hi : and diftance, you will ;r, that is on tli« N.E. tlie light>hou<,, &' I'. Direct tons for failing in and out of Bofton-Bay from Cape-Cod or Cape- Ann to Bofton Light- Houje. BOSTON light-houfe (lands On a fmall 1 dand at the north entrance ol the chaiine'. jbout 65 feet hiph. To fteer for it from Cape-Cod, your courle is W. N. W. when within one Icagiie of the Cape. From Cape- Cod to the light-houfe is about I5 leagues. From Cape- Ann to the light- houfe the courfe is S. W. diftance 9 leagues. The next light-houfes oii t-lte Courle eaftward are thofe on T/iatcher's- IJland — an Idand which contains about 30 acres of land, fecured by an iron-bound (horf, and is lituated about (tvo miles eaft of the main land of Cape- Ann, This I dand uftbrds no harboijttMa 1 ihrt I r II ti iil^rlli i-hit^^itirttr- pe-Elizabeth^ , which lies i mile^ idanre nine leagues^ larboard hand when K. About half , called HaU.way- [larbours of MarbU' Ige of rocks called the tendE.N.E. &W.S. rceiuth lights cannot be I'o arrangrd from the north until you are on the (hore, and from the fouth only when you are near in with the land. The lights on this Ifland are of great ulc to all velfels in their paiTage in or out, as they point out the (ituation of the Salvage! on the north, and the Londoner on the fouth. Bcftdes, from the different bearings of the lights, a lafe departure is taken for the different har- bours in the bay, as well as for thofe bound northerly and to lea. For remark* more m iiutc you will find them in the direAions for tailing to Bojlvn light, to Briier't-Jjland, and to thole on PUmb-IJland at the mouth of Ntubury- pi)( harbour. N. ti. Stnngers who may be driven upon Plumb-IJland, or the (andy beaches of Salijbury or Hampton, are earneftly defired to continue on board their velfcl, if polfible, until the tide (hall leave them, The number of iiiflancea of btal milcarriage, which have attended tho.'i; who have too iuci- denly forlaken their veilVl, which has aftei wards been found i'afe and dry, and the almoft coniUnt lafeiy of thofe who continued on board, are 1 I'erioui confirmation of the propriety of this advice.— [for De/cpption of Pluaib- XiXxnAJee page 39.] "Direclhns for *P]ymouth Harhmr, THE high land of the Monument bears from the lights S. | W. threo ifniles, and Monument-Point S. S. £. three leagues, and Branche's-Point N. I W. about three leagues, Saquajh-Heud W. | S. three miles, the eaftcmmoft part of Broun's-IJlanas or Shoal that dries, S. S. W. one mile and one quarter, and the Gurnet-Rod from the body of the light-houie K. b. S. I S. on<^ third pvt of a mile ; on this Rock you have but three I I ^ I.I.I I I 1 1 I ^.r^-^ ■ I ^—^^ • This harbour is capacious, but Jhallont, and isfornud by a long anJt narrow neck of land, called Salt-Uouli:-Beach, extending foutherly front Marfhfield, and terminating at the Gurnet-Head, and by a /mailer beach within, running in an oppoftte direilion, and conneRed xuitk the main land near Eel-River, about three mites from the toain. There are two light- hoii/es on the Gurnet, which are about 86 feet above thejurface of thefea^ and cannot be brought into one to the northward^ unle/s you are on thejhore. But to the fouthward you may bring them iit one, uihich is a very good mark to clear you of Brown's-Ifland or Sand-Bank. On Salt-Houfc-Beach, If placed one of the huts erefled and maintained by the Humane Society cf M(ifachitfetts,for the reception and relief of fiipurecked mariners. There ii a breach in the inner beach^ which expojes the Jhipf>ing, even at the u'harvtt,. during an tafierly Jtorm, iiii l ii i .*i. M l » r ii ^3 witismim j« AMERICAN COAST PILOT. fe^t at low Water, which you mud obferve ; all the Toundings are ta1(«n^ When you have (hut in the Sandy Hill with the Gurnet-Head^ you ai^i clear of the rock ; after which you muft mind not to haul in too clofe to the head, as there are many funken rocks fome dillance from the (hore. When you bring Sa^uajh-Head tp bear W. b. N. you may then fteer up W. b. S. and if you are' bound fat Plymouth, you muft keep that courle for a large red cliff on the main, which is a very good mark to carry you clear of Dick's- Flat : then you muft r water, not running into lefs. lu coming f^^om the northward, bound into Plymouth, you muft not bring the lights njpre foutherly than S. b. \V. to ayoid Hi^k- Pine- Ledge ^ which lieii north from the Gurnet- H^ad about two and an half or three ^iles. When you are on the fhoaleft part of this ledge, fome part of which appears at low ebbs, you will have the High-Pines in range with Captain's Hilly which will then hear W. b. S. This ledge of rocks lies one and an half mile h-om the Ihote, extending about N. N. £. for near one mile, and clofe to this ledge you will have four and five fathoms^ which ('rfepens grad- ually as you run from it to the eaf^ward ; whh>n one mile ypu will nave ten and tvyelye fathpips. In coming from the ibuthward, bound into Pfymouth, ypu muft not open ^he northe^ light to. the w$ftward, but keep them in one, which will car- ry you in five fathoms by the eaflernmoft part of Brown's -IJlands or Shoal^ Keeping that courfe utitil ypu are ^ithin lulf ^ mile of Gurnet-Head, or higher, ' where you will hav? but four fathoiin^ ; then Saquajh-Htad Will bear W, b. N. a little northerly, and the two outermpft trees on the Head \\\ one ; then you may fteer dircftly for them, until you bring the light- lionfc to bear E. M. E. and the houfe on Saquajh tp bear N. VV. juftbpeti with the firft Sandy-Beach, where you may anchor in 4 fathoms in Sa- fuaJIi-Road, good clear bottom ; but if you are bound for Plymouth, or idvt Cowyaxds, you muft fteer as before direfted. If in the night, it i» peft to anchor here, as it is difBcult to make Beach-Point, if dark, pr to go into the Coxvyar^. In turning into Plymouth, you muft not ftand tp the northward into lefs lliah thrsp fathoms, as it runs a ftat a long way from the Gurnet-ff^ad tp ^aquajh ; and from both the heads lie^ oft a point of rocks a good way fiom the (hon, many of them but juft under water at low ebbs. And all the yray from Sa^na/li tp the Mujcle-Banh, you have Ihpal water ; lb that you xriuft hot ftand in lefs than before mentioned. And in {landing over for ffie lands to the fouthward, you muft go al^out as foon as ypu have ftioalen your Water to four fathoms, as it is hold too, and you may oblerve the rips, ^nieis it is very linootH. This land extends frpm abi[eaft pf the lights m ..aa:iiii.i' T^^STT— ►T. e rounding! are ta1(«n^ Gurnet-Head^ you zi^ haul in too clofe to lance from the (hore. you may then fteer up muft keep that courle 3od mark to carry you therly for Beach-Point, ving it one quarter mile ar you of D.ick's-Flal^ ithin fifteen or twenty tward, keeping that dif- jay anchor in three and ig nothing but a flat ail ich runs clofe by this this point. If you are ire6lecl, which will clear to keep the houfe on il you have opened the ir of the Mujcle-Batiit fathoms at loyr water, fmonih, you mufl not void Hi^k-Pine-Ledgfi 1 and an half or three ;dge, Ibme part of which in range with Captain's )f rocks lies one and an , for neur one mile, and ns, which ('rfepens grad- one mile ypu will nave )uth, ypu muft not open in one, which will car- •own's-IJlands or Shoal^ lile of Gurnet-Heady or ben Saquajh-Htad will :rmpft trees on the Head 1 you bring the light- I bear N. VV. juftbpert >r in 4 fathoms tn Sa- bound for Piymoutk, or If in the night, it is ■ Point, if dark, or to go > the northyrard into lefs >m the Gurnet-Head IQ f rocks a good way fiom low ebbs. And all the hpal water ; lb that you id in (landing over for pon as you have ihoalen »u may oblerve the rips, I abi[eall of the lights i|^ AMERICAN COAST PILOT. «9 Beach-Point, noft of which is dry at low ebbs. From the eaftemmoll part of this land to Dick's-Flat it rounds with a confiderable iweep ; you have but live fathoms water from the eaftemmoft part of Broton's-Jjland to the Gurnet Head, and not more than feven or eight until you are abreaft of J)ick's-Flal,whtK you will have 13 or 14 fathoms in aoeep hole, and then fhoalen to 5 fathoms, abreaft of Beach-Point. If you fhould fall into the Ibuthward of Brotun's-IJlands or Sands, be. twixt them and the Monument-Land, where you have 20 fathoms in feme places, you muft not attempt to run for the lights, until you have them fhut in one with the other, when they will bear N. N. W. J. W. ; if you do, you may depend on being on Broun' i-IJlands or Sands, as there is no pafTage for even a boat at low water. In coming irt frot.-^ the northward in the night, you muft not bring the lights to bear more Ibutherly than S. b. W. to avoid High-Pine- Ledge, and keep that courfe until you have them to bear N. W. or N. W. b. W. when you will be clear of the rock, and may fteer up W. b. S. until yo)i have the lights to bear E. N. E. where you had belt anchor in the night. Here the tide runs ftrong channel courfe from the Gurnet to the Race- Point of Cape-Cod ; thecourii: is E. | N. about fix leagues diftance ; and froi^ the Gurnet to the point going into Cape-€od harbour, is E. b, S. feven leagues. If you fhould make the lights in hard northerly or northweft winds, and cannot get into Plymouth, you may then run for Cape-Coi harbour, bringing the lights to bear W. b. N. and fteer direftly for the har- bour, which you may do unleis very dark, as it i.<; bold too — and you may lee the Sandy-Hills before you can get on fhore. You may keep within a hundred yaitls of the fhore; until you are up with the point that runs out to the eaft\^rd, which you muft give a quarter mile diftance, and then fteer up N. W. If it fhould blow lo hard that you cannot turn up the harbour, you may anchor off the point, clear bottom ; you have 8 and g fathoms very nigh the fhore, fo that there is no danger of being on it, tinlels very dark. At the Gurnet and Plymouth the tides are much the &me as at Bojtom that is, a S, £. moon makes full fea, pireffions for Cape-Cod Harbour, JN pafting Race-Point to the Ibtithward, you muft give it a birth of one mile, as there is a long Bat of fand that lies to the fouthward of faid point, You muft not liaul to the eaftward till you come near Herring-Cove. Veffels in^rd bound, whp fall in with the back of Cape-Cod, may bring the • light to bear S. W. two league^ diftant, and then fteer W. N. W. for Bojton light-houfe. If you wifti to go HUo Cape-Cod harbour, you may keep the (hore aboard about a mile dilbint, where you will have 10 fathoms Waterl There is k * The tight-hottft is ereiled on land at the Clay-Ponds, elevated about 156) feet, which, with the elevation 0/ the lanthorn, vtaket the whole height add feet above high water mark. In order that this light ma,y be d\ftingvijhei Jrom the Bofton, and other lights on our coafi, an eclipfer is ereSed, which will revolve around the lamp once in 80 feconds, fo that the light will Je. nearly excluded from the eye of the approaching mariner about 39 feconds^ in one revolution of the eclipfe. I AMERICAN COAST PILOT. rlckS.mBar^''^ °^ the Cape, about half a mile from the lliore, calW When up with Racc.point, you will find it very bold about 3 leagues to the weftward of the hght-houle, and it may be known by a number of filh- houfcsonit. From one to three miles to the fouthwardof /?a.e.M«f is what ,s called Hcrnng.cove where you may have good anchoring half a mile from the fl.ore, the wmd from E. to N. N. E. in 4 or even in a fathoms Water. V If bound into Ca>:. b. N. and run for It about two mdes ; you will then be clear of W/^o. .£«i-,then you riuft fteer N. E until the light bears E. b. S. then run N. W. for the har, bour, until you have from four to three and a half fathoms water, where you will have gogd anchoring; the light will then bear E. b. S. i S. c op 6 miles diftance. ' *' In running itom ^jut-point to Wood-End, ifter vou pafs the Blacks land ■ - >,lows hard at N. E. bring Race-point tp bear N. W. b. N. and .f .. i. b. S. 7 leagues, which courfe >vi)l carry you into WtUfiut, foni. •: ,,ed BHUh- gak. In fleering this courfe you will miiktHaru-ich right ahead. When you f>pen the bay, you will bring an IRand on your larboard hand, when yoa may haul to the eaftward, and anchor l^fe from J^ll winJs^ ri From Cape-Co(d to Holmes'-Hole. BRING Morris'-Ijland to bear N. N, W. then, by fteeiing S. S. Iv three and a half leagues, you will pafs the PoUoch-Rip, in 3 or 4 fathoms Vrater ; and if the weather is clear, you will make the light-houfe on Sandy- point, fNantucktt IJlandJ five and a half leagues diftant, which bring to k;ar S. W. b. W. then fteer for the light-houfe, keeping it in this direaion, and you will patfs between the great and liule round Shoals. When you »re within about two miles of the light-houle, fteer W. N. W. until you are paft the Point-Rip, or you may bring the light-houfe to bear E. b. S. and fteer W. b. N. taking care to make your courfe good for ffolmes'-Huk. eleven leagues diftant. To go through the Ship- channel, fteer from Morns'. Ijiand S. S. E. until you pals the Pollock-Rip in 3 or 4 fethoms water ; if the weather be clear, you will make tlie light-houfe : continue your courfe S. S. E. ; S. b. E. and South, until the light-houfe bears W. from vou ; then fteer direaiy fo it, until you are within two miles of it. You fhould then fteer N. w"^ -*.-.' . ilUM-lfl.., OT. lie from the fliore, called y bold about 3 leagues to DWu by a number of fifh- uthward of Race-point is ood anchoring half a mile 4 or even in 3 fathoms )m Race-point to JVood- tobear 'i. b. N. and run jf IVoot -End—r-then you run N. W. for the har- f fathoms water, where 1 bear E. b. S. J S. 5 op ter you pafs the Blaci- low faiidy beach which ree miles to Waod-End, It — it is very bold, and of the ftiorc. I the eaflem fliore aboard "urther to the wellwaid a long ipit of land runs , you will have 1 1 fath-. harbow you will have er. < < ' ' • Mows hard and 1 J. i. b. S. 7 , foni. •; ,ied BiUeH- right ahead. When you (board hand, when yoa vinJs^ Hole. en, by fteeiing S. S. E^ ■Rip, in 3 or 4 failoins be light-houfe on Sandy- diftant, which bring tu ping it in this direction, ,nd Shoals. When you r W. N. W. until you t-houfe to bear E. b. S. : good for Hohnes'-Hoky ■is'-ljiand S. S. E. until if the weather be clear, arfe S. S. E. ; S. b. E. ; then (leer direftly fo^ )uld then fteer N, W AMERICAN COAST PILOT. « Until the light-houfe bears S. W. b. W. then fteer W. b. N. till the fight-houfe bears E.S.E. and then fteer W.N.W. making your courle good fur Holmes' -Holt. If you wifh to anchor near the light-houfe, you may, after bringing it to bear S. b. E. fteer E. S. E. till the light-houfe bears N. and there come to anchor in 6, 7, or 8 fathoms water. Direaiotts for failing into Nantucket Harbour, [NOTE. As the harbour of Nantucket is well calculated for /tnall vef fell during the uinter /eafoa, after they have entered the Vineyard Sound, and the wind prevails at the northward, at which time it would not be prudent to come over the Shoals, the Editor has inferted three different Dneaions for failing into it, either of which may be depended 0/:.] BRING the light-houfe on Brant. point to bear S. S. E. | E. and fteer for it until you are about two cables length from it ; then fteer S. E. b. E, or E. S. E. till Brant-point bears S. and fteer clofe along by it ; keep as much as a cable's length from the fliore at Brant-point, until the hght-houfe bears S.S.W. to avoid xhtBrant-point, ox Light- Hoife Shoal. A* foon as It bsars S. S. W. haul for the point, to avoid the Coctue- Flats. S. b. E. will juft lay a good reach acrofs the harbour ; but you muft fteer S. to avoid the Pef-Houfe-Shoal ; then you may ftand far acrofs the har- bour, if the wind be wefterly— if eafterly, you may keep right for the wharves ; as it could not be expeaed that a ftranger could take the advan- tage of the Laps and Swaflies on the bar ; at middlii^g tides he would have about 8 feet water— at neap tides not more than 7 to 74 f?et— at iprinij tide. 9 to 9} feet. ' ' ^ * When you are about half way from the bar to the light-houfe, it would be beft to fteer about S. b. E. or S. until the light-houfe bears S. E. b. S. then run for it as above direfted, as the ftraight courfe above will crofs the comer of the Black-Flat .: yet if the wind be eafterly, there will be no dan- ger ; if the wind is wefterly, you might get on the flat, as it lies on the eaft fide of the channel, and the CUft-Shoal on the weft fide. 2d. t>irectimsfor going into "HztitaokRi Harbour. OBSER.VE the finall light-houfe on the end of Brant-point, and for a velkl tliat draws no more than 9 feet j inches, bring it to bear S. E. b. S, when at the bick of the bar, and run direaiv for it, wWch wilt ctrry yo\xhi\.\wtKn KhtCtift-ShoaltnA Black- Flats ; continue your courfe until you juft fliut in the north fliore that is to the weftward of the Clift ; then you are within the corner of the Black-Flats, when you may fteer direftly for the end of the point, and enter the harbour. Diftance between the Light-Houtc- Shoal and Flat — between the Flats and Clift-Shoal — between the Clift and Stub-Shoal * — bztween Olift-Shoal and Bar Length of Clift-Shoal from Ihore N, B, Yott will pafs fix bwoys going into the harbour. €0 rods. 70 78 110 95 I « AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 3d. Directionsf'jrfailinginto the Harbour ^Nantucket bytheButys. Wefiern Channel. THE lirA. buoy you pa& is a white one, which you leave on your ftarboard hand ; the next a black one, which you leave on your larboard, faid buoy bearing S. S. E. 4 E. from the white buoy } then fteer E. b. S. leaving the next buoy, which is a black one, on the lar> board hand. The next a white one, which leave on the ftarboard. Then fteer S. S. E. leaving a red buoy on the larboard hand ; then run as the ftiore lies, till you come near up vi'ithBrant-point, on which is a light-houfe ere£led, which keep aboard all the way into the harbour. Eajtern Channel. The firft buoy you pal's is a red one, which you leave on your ftarboard hand ; the next is a black one, which leave on the ftar- board hand; then fteer £. S. E. till you come near a wl.U.* buoy, which leave on your ftarboard hand; fteer S. S. E. till you leave ^ red one on your hrooard hand ; then keep Brant-point aboard, as before mentioned. Veflfels coming in the Eaftern Channel, in the "night, muft bring the light on Brantpoint to bear S. E. b. S. | S. and run direftly for it till they get the {hore foundings ; then leave Brant-point fhore aboard all the yny into the harbour. Courfes and Diftances from Nantucket Light-Houfe, ^tma Light-Houfe to the Handkerchief — — do. to the Snow-Drift M .1 ■ do. to the Stone- Horfe i- do. to Sandy-Point of Monomoy «-„ do. to the little Round Shoal ».. do. to the eaft end of Pollock Rip .Ni do. to the great Round Shoal i, do. to the north end of great Rip «>..._ do. to the fouth Shoal » . , do. to Nantucket harbour .., do. to Tuckanuck Shoal !■ ■ do. to eaft chop of Holmes'- Hole m do. to the Horfe-Shoe m I . do. to Hyannes ... ,- ■ do. to Cape-Sable • do. to the Shoal on Georges'-Bank ■ ■1. the Eaft end of Nantucket, called Sancoty V. liead, to the South Shoal - Courfes. Lgj. N. b. E. 4i N. N. E. 5 N. E. b. N. 4 N. b. E. 1 E. 5( N. E. 3i N.E. 7 E. N. E. k E. b. S. 1 S. bl S. 4E. 12 S. S. W. 3 W. 3 W. b. N. 11 N. W.b. W* 6^ N. W. \ N. 6 E. N. E. 83 E-iN. 87 S. 1 £* yt LOT. 'Nantucket bytheBuoys. lis is a white one, which tck one, which you leave E. from the white buoy } is a black one, on the lar> on the (larboard. Then i hand ; then run as the , on which is a light-houfe larbour. a red one, which you leave :, which leave on the ftar- sar a wl.li.* buoy, which II you leave i red one on rd, as before mentioned, le 'night, muft bring the md run direftly for it till '■point (hore aboard all the ket Light-Houfe, Courfes. L^s. N. b. E. 4i N. N. E. a N. E. b. N. 4 N. b. £. 1 E. 5( N. E. n p N.E. 7 E. N. E. 81 > E. b. S. 1 S. hi S. 4E. \z S. S. W. 8 W. 3 : W. b. N. 11 N. W.b. W* hk N. W. \ N. 6 E. N. E. 8.1 nk E. I N. 87 S. i £« yt AMERICAN COAST PILOT. ■&I Direaions to ihoft rwmingfor Block- Ifland Cbanneli to thefoutb- tvard of Martha's-Vineyard, Nantucket- Jfland, atid/ucb as are bound into the Vineyard Somdy and intend going over the Shoals to the eqfiward. IN appreaching the foulh ertd of Blork.IJlanit from the lbuthward» ihe water Ihoals gradually. When the lOand bears from N. W. to N. b. W. the bottom is mud ; this is commonly caliv^d Block- Ifiand-ChanntL This Ifland, if you come from the louthward, appears round and high ; and if you approach it from the Si E. it appears like a faddle, bemg high at both ends, but highefl to the fouthward. Your courle from Block- JJland to *Gay-head is E. * N. and the diftance 14 leagues. If you fall to the fouthward of Martha' s-Vincyafd, andean fee JVtf. fnfln'j./,fln(/, and intend going over the ftioal to the eaftward, bring iVo- »ian'f.Z,a« ihward as ht. 38, 30, latitudes. The ftioal and the ^outh Shoal of the ocean, which rum rida to the Ifle of Sables and runt down through and along that coajl in tt he plate of thofe waters of Africa towards the t. ThisJlt^aM is about the difiance increafes as O or 50 miles, widening ties an hour. • A fouth' and drives it nearer the Tea. The Gulph-Stream it are cotifianttf driving n the Gtilph of Mexico, ands, and runs to the s is confmed by'another » is many yards higher !ic-Ocean. It is highly into bays, and the cur* by their eddies kavi the JJland of Sable, AMERICAN COAST PILOT. sr ■e of the extent to which liarnt, in their voyages nnfylvania, to fafs the lat, to fail thence in a m, and the fhoals and ,et, by which they make By ciUerving the foregoing dire£lions, and keeping between the Gulph- Stream and the Shoals, you will Ihorten your palTage to New-York, Deta- ware, Virginia, or other weftem ports ; for you will have the advantage of the eddy current, running contrary to the Gulph-Stream ; the latter would retard your progreCs at the rate of 60 or 70 miles a day. The Nantucket whalemen, by their conllant pni6lice of whaling on the edge of the Gulph« Stream all the way from thrir liland to the Bahamas, are well acquainted with its courle, velocity, and extent. A ftranger may know when he is in the Gulph-Stream, by the warmth of the water, which is^uch greater than that or either fide of it. If when you are crofTing the Gulph-Stream, you are bound to the weflward, you (bould get out of it as loon as polTible. • GAY-HEAD is the wefternmoft point of Martha' s-Vineyard. The land of this heid is high and of divers colours, namely, red, yellow, and v.'' .0 in llreaks. In (leering from Block- Iflandior Gay-head, you muil be careful avoid the Sound Pigs : they make a ledge of rocks, fome of which are ve and others under waf . '.sk rocks He two miles and a half S. W, 4. .*. from the weftemmolk <-. Jilizabeth-IJles,znd N.W.b.W. from Gay- head, 3 I leagues diftant. The firft of the flood tide fets (Irong to the north- ward over the rocks into Buzzard' s-Bay, which is" very foul. Within Gay-head there is a fair Tandy bay, in which is very good anchoring with fouth and fouth-eafterly winds. Your courfe along Elizabeth- Jfles is £. N. E. in 15, 14, 12,8, 15, 16, and 17 fathoms water; give the liles a birth of about three quarters of a mile, Mt When coming from fea, you may run for Ga^Head light when it bears from N. N. E. to E. S. E. giving it a birth of two miles to clear the Devil's-Bridge, which bears from the light N. W. b. N. one mile and a quarter diftant. As mcal'uring the diftance in the night would be uncer- tain, you mi^ft keep your lead goii^, and if you fhould have 7 or 8 fal)ioms when the light bears S. E. b. £. or S. £. haul up north till you have 10 or 12 fiithoms ; then with flood, fteer N. E.— -and with ebb, N. E. b. E. three leagues ; then E. N. £. will be the courfe of the Sound, wltich will carry you to the northward of the Middle-Ground, when you will fee the Weft Chop of Holmes' -Hole harbour, (which appears like fand-banks or cliffs) with trees back of it, which you may run in for, but keep one mile diftant from the Ihore till you open the Eall Chop one cable's length, and with a flood tide fteer dire£l for it, and with ebb keep it one point open, till you open a wind-mill on the weft fide of the harbour about one cable's length ; then run up in the middle of the river, ,till you come to 4 or 3 fathoms, wliere you may anchor on good ground. The ufual mark for an- choring is the Wefi-chop, bearing from N. N. W, to N, W. b. N, but if ypu lie any time here, the beft anchoring is well up the harbour, and dofe to the fhore, mooring S. £. und N. W. in 6 or 5 fathoms water. In this, harbour, which is about two^tniles deep, you will lie fecure from all winds except a northerly one. You muft not keep further than two miles from the Weft Chop, as there is a flioal called the Hedge-Fence, which lies about three miles and a half northward from Holmes'-hoie, and extends W. N. W. and E, S. £. fix miles, is about one mile broad, and has from four to fix feet on it at low water ; between this fhoal and Hohtes'-hole, there are from 8 to 1 a fathoms water. If you make the Clu>p in the night, when it bears S. E. you are clear of the Middle-Ground. Su AMERICAN COAST PILOT. fathoms, tt in running S. £. b. E. you fall into 6 or 7 fathoms, haul up $. b. W. or S. S. W. and run into 4 or 3 fathoms, as before direded. In coming into the found in the night, with a (Irong iiorth-wellerly wind, haul to the northward till you have I'mooth water under tiie Eliza. MA -//Zanrff, where you may anchor in 14 or 1 o fathoms water. Should you have the wind to the (outhward, it will be bed to run down through the South Channel or Vineyard fide. When the liglu bears S. S. K. your Courfe is N. E. byE. -f E. or E. N. E. obferving not to come nearer the land than ii\to 7 ftffhoms water, till yon are abreaft of Lumtart's-Cove, ir\ •which is good anchoring, with foutherly or eallerly winds, and may be Itfio'vn by a high land bank, called Nccunkey-Clijf, on the oaft fide of it, and a ware-hou(c Handing by the water about midway the cove, oppofite which you may come too in 5 or 3 fathoms, fandy bottom, where is the bell an- choring. Tlic Middlt-Ground lies about two miles without the cove, and has I a feet water on it. If you intend running down for Holmet'-Hdle^ vour courfe, when oppofite Necunkcy- Pointy is E. b. N. keeping near the land to clear the Middlt-Ground. You may track the Ihore by the lead in from 7 to 4 fathoms, till you come near the Well Chop ; but come na pearer than 3 fathoms : and you may track the Chop around the fame ai running doywi to the northW'ird of the Middle Ground. There is good an- choring along this (hore, in 6 6r 4 |ithoms, after you are to l(ie ealtward of Necunkey. Point, till you come near the Well Chop. Your courle from the Mbt to Tarpaulin-Cove is N. I'., b. N. and the dillance four leagues. InThis harbour you may anchor in from four to two and a half f lioms, and lie fafe, with the wind from N. E. b. E. ta South. It will be befl to anchor in three fathoms, as with that water you will be out of the tide, where the ground is good for holding. The tide flows at change and full days of the moon, at 9 o'clock, but in the channel between EUzabeth-Ifland and 3^flrMa'j-riM<',v«rci the Hood runs until XX o'clock. In this channel there is a Middle Ground, which is a nanow fhoal of fand, the eaftern end of which bears N. W. b. N. from the Weft Chop. There is not more than 3 or 4 feet water on the eaftern end. N. W. from Necunkey-Cliff is 3 and 4 fathoms acroCs the ground. Op- pofite Lumhard's-Cove is la feet, and to the weftward of that is 3 and 4 nthoms. The fhoal lies W. b. S. and E. b. N. is about 4 leagues in length, and has feveial fwafiies on it. When the £a/Z-Cn(>^ of Hohnes'-hole comes, open of the IVeft-Ckop, you are to the eadward of the Middle- Ground. Your courfe from Tarpaitlin-Cove to Holm' miles and a half from the Eajl-Chop, when your courie will be E. b. S, in 10 or 12 &thoms water, which courfe you muft continue till you pafs Cape-Poge. If it fhould hi tide of {l(X)d, you muft fteer K, b. S, \ S. as the tide of huod fets very ftrong to the northward between Cape-Poge and Tmkanuck-IJland, and the tide of ebb to the lbuthward,ib that you muft govern your courie by the tide. N.t!. from Tuckanuck-IJland,znd due wtH from Nantucket light- houfe, lies a Cro/s-Ledge which you muft give good diftance, part of which IS dry at low water, between which and the Horfe-Shoe the channel is very narrow, where you will have from 4 tc 5 fathoms water. In clear weather you may iee Nantucket light-houfe from this ledge, which you muft bring to bear £. b. S. or £. b. S. | S. which couxie you are to fteer till you pafs it one league, when you muft bring it to bear weft, and fteer eaft, taking care to make this courie good, which will carry you over the fttoals in Ship-Channel ; the ground is very uneven, and you will have from 4 to 8 fathoms v.-ater. When you have palfed over the ftioah you will have fix)m to to 14 fathoms water, and then, by fteering nortli^ you will make Cape-Cod light-houfe, diftant 18 leagues. To go to the northward of the Round-Shoal, you muft proceed accord- ing to the foregoing directions, until you pals the light-houle, and bring it to bear S.W. b.W. then, by making a N. E. b. E, courfe good, you will go between the Great :>-.id Little-Roand-Shoals, in two and a half, three, four, and five fathoms water, until you have croffed the PoUo(k-Rip, where ■ you willhaveabout 3 «ar 4 fathoms water. T\\tLitlU-Rotind'Shoalhe.ixs>^.'W, from the great one, diftant about three miles. Continue your N.E.b.E. course, until you deepen your watei to i a or 1 3 fathoms, and then fteer north for the back of Cape-Cod, on which there is a light-houfe, built in the year 1 797, as defchbed in page 53. Off the norih-eaft part of Nantucket- IJlandihexc^xt three rips*, the firft is called the Bafs-Rip, and is about three miles from Sancoty-Head ; on ibme parts of this rip there are only 9 feet water ; on other parts there aro 2f and three fathoms water. Off the fouth-eaft part of Nantuckei-i Ijland lies a flioil, lulled the Old Man, running 5 miles to the weft ward, in the fame dire£l.ion with the I (land, which is one and a quar- ter mile ftbm the fliore, and has only three feet water on the weftern part, between which and the flioie is a gooid channel. \ *■■■ 1 (> AMERICAN COAST PILOT. The Ortat-Rip is ibout four and ^ half leagues from Saneety Htai: an this rip, about £. S. E. from Sancoty-Htad there are 4 feet water, and raftfmin Squam there are 5, but on nmny other parts- of it there are two and a half, three, an4 four fathoms water. FiJhing'Rip is about eleven and a half leagues from Sancety./ftad, and lias froiu five to feven fathoms water on it. Between this and the Great. Rip the ground is uneven ; there are twelve, twenty-two, and fifteen fath- oms water. Thcfe two rips (Iretch ntarty north and fouth, and are about twelve miles in length. Martha's-Vintyard is (ituated betweet) 40*, 17', and 41°, ^9*, north laf. and between 70*, a«', and 70", 50', weft long, about 2t miles long and 6 b.'oad, and lies a little to the weftward of Nantucket. Beirin^s and Difiances of Jundry places from Gay- Head Ught- Houje. Noman's-Land, S. eight miles didant. Old-Man^ S. b. E. This is a ledge of rocks which lies two thirds of the difUnce from the Vineyard to A'omdn'5-i.An^, which has a pad'.ige on both riAs, that is but little ufed. Thole who do go through muil keep nnr Noman'i-Land till the light bears north. You will not have mote thvi three and a half fathoms water in ihis pafTage. Sound Pigf, N. W. b. W. three and a half leagues. This is a ledgtj of rocks which is very dangerous, and bears S. W. b. W. from the weft- ernmotiof iht Elizabeth-IJlands (called Cu< E. and Eall, fometimes for the (pace of 12 and 15 hours. ^ In coming from the iouth.'/^rd for George's-Bank, you will pet (bund- iogs in lat. 40, 1(7, if on the S. S. W. part of the bank. . Should you get (bunding in the lat. of 40, 30, you may dc certain you are to the caftwani V>f the flioal, when you muft direft your coufc accordingly to clear it»^ \vhjfn your firft 'biuidings will b:: iw from 75 to 60 fathoms. When, .-Ufa. ■tfJW«fMM&MMiliAMiM»u» OT. les from Santety Head f wre are 4 feet water, and rts- of it there are two and from Sancdty-tfead, and ween this and the Great. Ity-two, and fifteen fath. and fouth, and are about , and 41°, 49', north lat. x>ut 3 1 miles long and 6 I. m Gay-Head Light- A\\c\\ lies two thirds of ', which has a paHige on 1 go through muft keep ifou Will not have moie iagues. This is a ledge V. b. W. from the weft- I, diftant two and a half lant, Is a fpot of (hoal In this harbour you the light bearing W. b. E. N. E.toW.S.W, eagues. ntucket-Shoals. . M. and are very danger- rater oit tliem,ruvn»)nd- very dangerous, irrcg- of the time. will have a (Irong tide, of it run fouthward ; comes up S. W. when irns to tlie N. N. E. — hours. you will RCt (bund< )ank. . Should you get ou are to the eaflward, cordingly to clear '\t^ 60 fajhoms. When, ■•Wf «»•*.■ >w-i^ AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 9% fteering to the northward, you will (hoalen your water gradually to 24 fathoms, when you will be in lat. 41, ao, which depth of water you will have 10 or I a leagues didant, either eall or weft. Txom 40 10 31 fathoms foundings you will have fine white bnd, mixed with black ipecks ; but the nearer the (hoal Ite cotrlisr the land. When you get into 1 e fathonu you will have very irregular foundings, lometimes deepening, and at others fhotling two or three ftthoms. If you are coming into the rail channel, and get bundings in lat. 49, 13, you will then be on the N. £. part of the bunk, as there are no Ibundings on George'j-Bavk to the northward of the above latitude. When the Ihoal of Gtorii's be^rs S. W. b. W. 8 leagues diftant, you will have from ao to a a bthoms, round ftones as big as eggs, and large mufcles : four leagues to the eaftward of this you will have 3d fathoms, white mole ; and j leagues further eaft you will have black mols ; and from that to the N. £. p^rt of the bank, rocky bottonk, and plenty of halibut. If you ftrike fctmdtngs in lat. 43, 30, it muft be on the S. W. part of Brown's- Bank, where you will have from 30 to 45 fathoms, Tandy bottoni. On your firft entrance on Oeorge's-Bank ftomBlock- IJland-Channel, you will have oozy bottom, till you are as far to the eaftward as lite bank ex« tends. Soundings from the weftwird of GeorgeU-Bank continues its courfe W. b. S. until you are nearly abreatt of Long-IJland, then Ibuthward to Cafu- Hatttras. Eight or ten leaguei Ibuth-eaft from tltc Ibulh part of George's-Barfk lies the Gulf-Stream, where there is a ftrong E. N. £. current, a.id "f you are bound to the weft ward, vou had better go very near the bank, and often on foundings, till you are abreaft the South Shoal of Nantucket, whett you have 30 leagues from bank to current, and by doing which you will probably Ihorten your pafliige. The South Shoal of Nantucket is almoft dry ; th* tide runs fwift, but regular, to the N. E. and S. W. Nearly to the fouthward of this Ihoal, in 35 or 30 bthoms, you will have fine black and white (iind ; to th6 eaft- Ivard in the fame foundings you will have coarfe fand. When you are near the flioal, you will h^ve very light coloured water, together with white and black land and pieces of green fliells. Nine or ten leagues to the weft* wsrd of the above ihoal, in 30 or 40 fathoms, you will have black mud of a fhining fnooth nature, when you will be in Tuckanuck-Channel. To the Weftward of the South Shoal of Nantucket, you have no ftvcils, rips, nor tide to hurt you, untU you come near the land ; but clear Tea, good navigation, and regular foundings. To the eaftward and northward 6f the South ShOal you will have a rapid tide. Around the coaft of Nantucket and the fhoals yeu will have (andy bot- tom, and in moderate weather had better anchor than be driven about by the tide, which is very npid. Tb^ courfes of the tides at and over Nan' tucket (hoals is nearly N. E. and S. W. and regular. The N. E. tide bring- eth flood.-— S. S. £. moon uiaketh high water.— South moon makes full lea at N«ntucket hzrbour. S. S. E. and W. N. W. moon mnkes high water On the fhoals ; the tide o^ flood fees N. E. b. E. and ebb S. W. b. W. fiom two to three knots an hour. It ebbs and tlows about 5 or 6 feei. When you come in from lea and fall mio Block- JJland channel, you will have from 54 to 70 fathoms, foft muddy bottom. You will hav« foundings in the lat. of 40. In ftanding 10 the northward, you will flioal your water to 30 fathcHss, and when in fight of Block-IJland you will have from S5 to 20 fitthooMf laody bottom, yfhm Bloch-Ifand bears norths i' MM AMf-RICAN COAST PILOt. diflint 4 or j Ifafjuej, you cannot fee my land to the northward or n(i* Wjrd ; b'lt »<% you appniach the Klind, you will Ice MonliKk-I'oint to th« wedward, making a long low point to the caflward. In failing to the W. S. \V. yo'.i Will make no rvmarkable land on Lonf^-IJland, fri>m the eaft- Ward of laid llland to the woflw.ird, — it* broken land appearing at a Uif- Unce like Ifl.indii. Von will have 20 or aa fatlioms water out light of tlie land, ikndy bottom in iome and clay in other places. When you ronie in fight of Sandy-Hook light-houlc, you will fee the Ui^liLinds of Neverfinkf which lie W. S. W. from Sandy- Hook^ and is the moil remarkable land on that ihorc. At the fou'.h entrance of the fouth channel you will have oozy bottom, in 40 or 50 fathoms water ) k>uth of Noman'S'Land, io so or 25 fathoms, you will have coarfe liind, like gravel Hones ; and S. S. W. from it, in a8 «r 30 fathoms, coarCe red (and ; S. S. Ji., from Uli>ck-IJl(ind, which is in Block. IJland channel, in 40 or 50 fathoms, you will have 00/y bottom, but as you (hual your water to 25 or so fathoms, you will have cuarlt: Tandy bottom. P I" Dire^lions for * New- Bedfoixl . \t you come into the Sound between Gay-head and KUzaheth-IJlani^ \i\ the winter lealbn, and have bad cables and anchors, you mud bring Gay- head light to bear iouth, and run north for QtiUk'shoU, didant thres leagues from Gay-htad. In going through this paflfage, keep the laiboard hand bed on board, as thtre is a ledge of rocks on the datboard hand as you enter from the fbuthward. When you pal's this place you mud deer N. f £. four or five miles, for there is a lunken ledge which you leave on your larboard hand after you go about two leagues on the above courfe ; then you mud deer N. N. W. In deering this courle, you will make a dry ledge of rocks and a low liland with a few trecli on it, on your llarboard band. You will fee Fort-Poifit when you pals thcle Iflaiids, and make an Ifland on your larboard hand witli lundry trets on it : you may then run within a Cable's length of Fort-Point, which you leave on your daiboard hand. You will li-"e the town ol Bedford on the Wed iide of the river, and Fairhavtn on the ead. Y9'.i may fetch theii: ports frt' ■Juihth in N. K. b. I'., about b learns, 'litis point appears like a nag's licid, and is pretty bold ; bt^twceii liloii- Jjliind and the point, there are fion, 30 10 6 (ailiomj water. From I'otnt- jfiidith (when not more than a fjiiiirtia of a mile fion the point) to Rliodt' I/fund harbour, your couilic is >.'. K. and the didanre ive w.iter. CiifiU-IIill \% o\\ the cjfl lide of Rhod(-!Jhind \u\ih mr. If you direr N. E. from the light- houle, 3 mill's «li(l;itice, vou will h.iw good anch ring without Gont-IJlaiuf, (oil the N. E. point of which is a Imoy in 16 feet water) ; the (lioie is hard and rocky. A little with' the li^ht-houle, 3. d near to the (horc on the Wed lide there is a cove, tailed i^/rtlA(frf^ jjjptr, the entiance of which is flioal and dangerous. About 5 miles witiiin the light-houli; there is an Illand called Goat -Ijland, on w\wK he foi' Hands; it lies bofoie the lowiif and fireiclu-s abou' N. E. auf! S. W. As both ends of \'v.k [Hands are pretty b>ld, you may pals into the anchning at eii' .rend, r..id ride nearer to Goat'ljland fide than to that of Riiode-IJland, r he othRr parts of thf haibour are gral^.y, and would b- apt to cho.ik yi '. nchors. Rhodc-IJlund is navigiiblc all round, by keeping in the middle c:i the channt' , Narraf^anf(t-Bay lies between Coni . i.'-- it-IJland and tl; ■ lain. Your courle in, is about north, taking care ;o av nd the Whak-Rock ; you may pals in on either fide, and anchor wheie you pleafe. From the light-houle on Conannicut-Ijland to Gay-JItctd in Martha's-Vineynrd-lJland, ih., courle is E, S. E. and the didance iz leagues. In little wind you mud take care that the flood-tide does not carry you into Buzzard'i' hay, or on the Sound Pi^s, Providence is liiuated about 30 miles N. b. W. {- W. from A'cn»- porl,and 35 miles from the lea, being the head navigation of Nirragan/ct- bay. Ships that draw from 15 to 18 feet water, may fall up and down the channel, which is marked out by dakes, creeled at points of fhoaU and beds lying in the river. * Conannicut-Ifland lies about 3 miUs uieji of Newport, thefouth end »f jchich {(all-d the Btv - :' -Tail, on uihuh the li^ht-hoxife jlandsj extends about as far fouth as , .; . nth end of Rhode-Illand. The eafi jJiore forms the we/i purt of Newport harbour. The ground the light-houfe (lands up. on if aiout 12 feet above the furface of the Jea at high water. From the ground to the top -flhe cornice is S^Jeet, round tohich is a gallery, and within that Jlands the lanthom, which I'r about 1 1 feet high, and ifeet di- cnirter. '■wP' ■ ^^mm AMERICAN COAST PILOT. The following are the Beantp, by Compafs, from Rhode- Ifland Light' Houfey of fezsral rematkable places^ together with the THJiancey viz. Block-inand, (S. E. point) S. W. b. S. 4 S. Point.Judith, S. W. i S. diftant a leagues. Biock-lfland, (N. W. point) S. W. i S. Rhode-inand, (N. W. end) S. W. i S. diftant 8 leagues. (S. E. end) S. W. b. S. 4 S. Whale-Rock, W. f S. Brenton's-Reef, E. S. E. | E. South point of Rhode-Ifland, E. \ S. Higheft part of Caftle-Hill, E, N. E. Br»nton's-Point, N. E. b. E. Fort on Goat-Illand, E. N. E. \ N. South-eaJlemmoft Dumplin, N. E. b. Kettle-Bottom, N. E. J E. Newion's-Rock, South, 200 yards. N. B. The anchoring place between the town of Rlrade-Idand and Cofter's-Harbour, N. E. b. E. E. E. Hi m Dire^lms for fdling from Newport, through the Somd, to Hunt's Harbour, near Hell-Gate. THE firft courft from Newport light-houre is S. W. b. S. dif- tant 3 leagues, to Point- Judith ; thence from Point- Judith through the Race to the firft GuU-Ifl-and the courfe is Ww b. S. 16 leagues diftance, leaving Fijher's- Ifland on your ftarboard hand ; or yoa may run till you bring Niw-London light-houle to bear north ; tlwn, if ebb tide and north- erly winds, fteer W. N. W. ten leagues, which (if your courfe is made good) will carry you up with Falkland- Ifiands ; tlien fteer W. bi S. till you make the light-houfe on Eaton's-Nick. In cafe of a flood tide and a foutherly wind, when you come through the Race, your courle Ihould bfc Weft;, until you come up with Eaton'S'Neck, taking care to make proper allowance for the tide. If you are bound into New-London^ after getting to the northward of the S. W. part of Fijher's- Ifiand, keep New-London light bearing from N. N. W. to N* N. E. if you are beating to windward, but if the wind is fair, bring the light to bear north when at the diftance of two leagues, and run direftly for it ; leave it on your larboard hand in lun- ning in ; when in, you may have good anchoring in 4 or 5 fathoms water, claj'ey bottom. In coming out of Neui-London, when you have left the harbour, bring the light to bear N. N. E. and fteer di«aiy S. S. W. till you come into 15 fathoms water, in order to clear a reef that lies on your ftarboard hand, when the north part of Fi/her's-Jfand will bear E. diftant two leagues. If bound up found, fteer W. b. S, 53 leagues, which will carry you up ot. from Rhode-Ifland ■«, together with the S. s. liflant 8 leagues, *.v, E. ivn of Rhode-Ifland tnd rough the Sowtdy to Gate. ufe is S. W. b. S. dif- oint-Judith through the S. 16 leagues diftance, or yoa may run till you ■n, if ebb tide and north- ifyour courle is made t!«n fteer W. b» S. till cafe of a flood tide and a your courfe fliould ht ing care to make proper kuLondorii after getting fland, keep New-London are beating to windward, .. when at the diftance of our larboard hand in 1 un- in 4 or 5 fathoms water, when you have left the •erdii«aiy S. S.W. till ir a reef that lies on your fland will bear E. diftaut Vrhich will carry you up . -jj.Vi;--,-^v-.r AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 67 with Eaton's-Neck (on which a *light-houre has lately been crefted;. On this courlis you will leave Falkland- IJland on your (larboard hand; you may get as near Lon^- IJland Ihore as 2 or 3 miles, witliout any danger ; but if you happen to gei on the north Ihore, take particular care to keep at the diftance of three leagues, in order to avoid the reefs and (hoals that lie along the ihore. About 7 leagues E. N. E. of Eaton's-Neck light-houfe lies a +Shoal, or Middle Oround, called Stratjord-Shoal, on which there is but 3 or 4 feet water at low water. You may fleer on either fide of the Ihoal you pleafe ; on the north are from 3 to 7 Yathoms ; on the fouth fide from 1 2 la 17 fathoms water. From Eaton's-Neck to Lloyd's Neck the courfe is weft, five miles. Be- tween Eaton's-Neck to Lloyd's-Neck lies a deep bay, called Huntington's Jiay, where a (hip of any (ize may anchor with fafety, keeping the .;aiteiu fhore aboard. From Lloyd's Neck to Martinecock-Point the courC- js W. b. S. diftant to miles — ^ockI lo indings borrowing on Long-IJland to 7 fathoms. The courle from Martinecock-Point to Sands'-Point is W. S.W. (lidaiit 2 leagues ; between theie two points is a bay, called Hampjlead's- Jiay, in wnich is excellent anchoring, keeping the eaftem (hore aboard. To the northward of Sands'' Point, dinknt one quarter of a league, liethe Ex- ecutionPjcks, which you muft take care to avoid, leaving them on your larboard hand. From Sands'-Point the courle is S. W. b. W. 4 miles, to JInrt-IJland, to the weft of which, between which and City-IJland there is good aiiclioring for Ihips of any lize. The courle from thence to Frog'S' Point IS S. S. W. diftant a leagues, taking care to avoid the Stepping-Jlones, which lie on your larboard hand, and are fteep too : the Ibundings on your (laiboard hand are regular to three fathoms. From Frog's-point to Hunt's harbour the courfe is W, keeping as near the middle of the Sound as you can conveniently. From Block- Ifland to Gardner's-Bay. MONTOCK-POINT, the caftcmmoft part of XLong-Ifiand, ■whith has a lighthoule en it, eredled in 1796, is 7 leagues W. b. S. frcm the * This light-houfe Jiands on an eminence about "ji feet high; the height of the walls is $ofeet more. The whole height from high mater mark to the lights is iz6fe:t. It Jiands about ^00 feet from high water mark, is a fin- gle light, and is painted black and white in Jtripes from the top to the bot-> torn. + ll'e are happy to have it in our power to give the bearings of thisjiioatf taken the 6th Auguft, 1799, by a number of gentlemen. Standing on the Shoal, Stratford-Point bore N. Mount-Milery bore S. \ IV. Grover's- Ilill, r'u, Slack-Rock harbour, bore N. IV. The length of the Shoal one ieaf,ue, running N. b. E. and S. b. IV. Light-Houfe on Eaton's-Neck bore W. b. S. I S. The JkaUowefi part is near the middle of the Shoal, from tohence the obftrvations were taken, where there is 3 feet water in common tides. The centre of thefhosl is near the middle of the Sound, perhaps half a league nearejl Long- 1 Hand ^are. X The light-houfe on Montock-Point is on the eajt end of Long-Ifland, hearing IV. b. S. from the S. IV. point of Block-llland, 7 leagues diftant. from Montock light-houft to the wtjl point of Filbei's-lilaud, N, A'. i'A. tisht kagufs dijiant. ■miganmr- f ^ J ■H J .' < i"A €9 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. S. W. point of Block-IJland : between the Idarid and the point tTirrd are j6 and i8 fathoms water. As you approach the point you will quickly coine into 9, 7, and 5 fathoms water. A flat runs off from tne above point, on the outer part of which there are 5 fathoms water, rocky bottom. From Block-IJland a reef of rocks lies one mile diftant from the north end of the I Hand. The N, E. part of Gardner's- IJland is five and a half leagues \V. N, W. from MontO(k-Point : with wefterly winds you may anchor off this part of the Ifland, which is fandv ; the marks for anchoring are th-i high landc of Plumb- IJland N. W. and the louth part of Gardner's. IJland in fight, bearing S. b. W. or Ibuth ; )ou will have 12 or 10 fathoms water. Tlie bottom is iand and mud. About 4 miles within Montoii-Puint, one and a half miles from the fliore, lies a reef bearing N. W. from the point, on which there are 6 feet water, which is very dangerous. The entrance of Gardner's-bay is formed by the north end of Gard- tier's-IJland and the fouth end of Piiimb- IJland. When going into this bay, vou may go within a cable's-length of Gardner's-I/Iand, where you ■will have 10 fathoms water. You fliould be careful not to go too nigh Gull-Rock, as there is a rocky (pot one mile and a half fVom it, on which there are about 3 fathoms at low water. This fhoal lies with the following marks and bearings ; namely, a houle on Plumb-IJland, (fbnding about one third of the way between the middle and the iiorih- eaft end) on with tke northemmoft of the two trees which appear be- yond the houle; the north end of Gull- Ifland to bear N. N. VV. or N. b. W. 4 W. ; and the fouthernmoft endcf Plumb-IJland on v/kh the northemmoft point of Long- IJland. In order to avoid this rock, when going into or coming out of Gardner's-bay, you muft be fure to keep the louth point of Plumb-If.and open off the nonli-weft point of Lung. IJland, whilll the houfe on Plumb-IJland is on with the r.orthernn.oil of the two trees as befoie mentioned. There are leveral trees, but they appeal*, \vhen viewed at a diftance, to ba only two trees. This fhoal is called by fome the Bedford- Rock, b?iauil; the Englilh ihip Bedford grounded oa it Auguft \^, 1780. K. b. N. one league from Plumb. IJland lies a dangerous reef, which extends to the Gull-IJlands, and the palfage between is not fit to hi attempted, as there are leveral rocks, fbme of which may b^ leen. In Gardner's-bay you may anchor in what depth of water vo\x pleale fiom 5 to 8 fathoms. On the Ibuthwcll fide of Gardner' s-IJland there is very good rid- ing. If you are to the eaftward of the lllan^ with an eaflerly wind, and wiib to. take fhelter under the Ibuth-wefpKde, you muft give the north-wcii. end of the illiuid a lai),c birth, as above direfted, and as you open the weft (ide of the Ifland, you may liaul round the north-weft point, and anchor where you pleale. The loundings are regular. Montock-Falje- Point is about 5 miles N. W. from the True-Point.. On the ^ix-Jai-rocky-Jkod there are the following boarings ; namely, the Lon.g-Tvkite-clifs' on the wv.ft end of FiJher'sJflaad, N. h. W. 'a \V. The Gull-IJlands W. N. W. The uorth-eaU; blulf of Gardner-'^- IJland, VV. S. W. \ W. A grove of trees which ifcmds on the weft tide of Portpond-bay, and rifes like a cock's comb, touching, or rather to the eaftward of, 'WiUis' -point, and bearing S. b. W. \ W. Willis', j^oint IS on the call; lide of (he entrance of Fort /Kind-buy. This bay iii t^ry convenient for wooding ^nd watering; the ground is clear aii4, ILOT. land and the point tTirrd oach the point you will A flat runs off from iiere are 5 fathoms water, lile diftant from the north and a half leagues W. N. > you may anchor off this 5 for anchoring are th^i outh part of Gardner's. )ou will have 12 or lo About 4 miles within (liore, lies a reef bearing feet water, which is very the north end of Card- . When going into this dncr's-lftand, where you aieful not to go too nigh and a half fVom it, on This fhoal lies with houle on Pluml^IJlavd, the middle and the novtli- trees which appe;ir be- { to bear N. N. W. or Plumb-IJland on with the to avoid this rock, when :)u muft be fure to keep onli-weft point of Lung. n with the r.orthernniOll re leveral trees, but they ■ two trees. This fhoal e Englilh ihip Bedford one league from Plumb- ;he GuU-JJlands, and the there are leveral rocks, •ay y©u may anchor in iiho'.ns. there is very good rid- with an eaflerly'' wind, Kde, you muft give the )ove direfted, and as you ul round the north-welt dings are regular. i. from the True-Point, ■wing boarings ; namely, r's.jjland, N. h. W. A i-ealtblulf of Cardner's- 'hich ibnds on the weft omb, touching, or rather , b. W. \ W. Willi s'. t-pond-bciy. This bay i.i the ground is clear aric^, AMERICAN COAST PILOT. % good, and you may anchor in any depth yoH pleafe. In a large fjiio, you may bring Willis'-Point to bear N. E. and evtn N. E. b. N. and tlien have in the middle about 7 fathoms water. Near the Ihore, at the bottonj of the bay, there is a pond of frefli water. From the weft point of FiJlier's-IJland a dangerous reef runs off about one mile VV. S. W. which, in palhng it, you mull be careful to avoid. In this paffage, which is called the Hor/e-Race, the tides run very ftrong : it flows on the change and fidl days of the moon, half paft eleven o'clock, and the water rifes five or fix feet. Bearings and Diflances ofjundry places ^ commencing at the Light' Hmifd on Moncock-Point, taken by the Officers of the Rev- enue-Ciifter^Tgus. THE fouth part of Block-IJland bears E. b. N. from the light-houfe on Montodi-point, 20 miles dilbiit. Shagwandanuik Reef bears N. W. j N. from the light-houfe on Mon. tOii-point, 4 miles dillant ; the reef ranges N. b. E. and S. b. W. about one quarter of a mile in lensrth. There is a gooil channel way between the reef and long-IJland, about two miles wide, in 5, 6, and 7 fathoms water. The eijft end of Fificr's-IJland bears N. b. W. from the light-houle on Montock, 20 miles. iVatch- Hill- Point bears north from the liglit-houre twentv miles : thei« is a reef extending from FiJher's-IJland to Watch- Hill- Point', leaving a paf- lage between the eaft end of the reef and Watch-Point, lialf a mile. The Race-Rock, where there is a buoy placed, bearing S. W. b. W. three quarters of a mile from the weft point of FiJher's-IJland, bears from Montock light-houfe N. W. twenty miles diftant. The Gull-IJlands bear W. S. W. from tlie Race-Rock, fix miles diftant. The iight-houle ftanding on the Weft Chop of New-London harbour, bears N. N. W. nine miles from the Race-Rod. Bartlet's-Reef, on which a buoy is place/J, bears N. W. b. W. | W, eight miles dilbnce from the Race- Rock. Littte-Gojiien Reef, where a buoy is placed, bears N. E. b. E, about three miles difbnt from the buoy on Bartlet's-Reef. The Iight-houle at New-London harbour bears from the buoy on Liltle- Gofnen Reef N. N. E. | E. about two miles difbnt. Ine S. W. I.edge, where a buoy is placed, bears N. b. W. from the Race rock, feven and a half miles diftant. I'he Eaft Chop of New- London harbour bears N. b. E. \ K. from the S. W. Ledge, one and a half miles difbnt. The light-houfe b.-ars from the buoy on S. W. ledge N', W . and a half miles dilVance, b. N. ono r= De/cription ^ *Long- 1 {land . LONG-ISLAND, from Montock-Point to Red-Ihok, extends W. b. S. about io8 miles, and is at the bnwdeft part about 25 miles acrofs. * Long-Ifiand Sound is a kind of inland fea, from ^ to 2^ miles broads <*nd al'jut i.;o miles Iohj;, extending the whole length of the IJland, and dU AMERICAN COAST PILOT. The land is generally pretty low and level, excepting a few hills which lie ;ibout 40 miles to the weftward of Montock-Potnt. Along the touth fide of the llland a flat extends aboui a mile fn)m the (hove ; in lome places it runs out a mile and a half. Your courie along this flat from Montock- Potnt to Sandy-Hook is S. W. b. W. \ W. 14 leagues ; and then W. b. S. 32 leagues. The eiad end of the Hat is fand, the middle and weft parts arc land and ilones. About 4 leagues diftant from the ifland there are Irora >5 to 18 fathoms water : and from that diftance to so leagues, the water deepens to 80 fathoms ; in the latter depth you will have oozy ground, and land with blue fpecks on it. About 4 leagues olf the ead end of the Illind, you will have coarfc fand and fliells ; and at the tame diftance front the middle and weft end, there is a fmall white fand. From the Ibuth-weft end a ftioal extends about fix miles towards Sandy-Hook. Direiiions from Gardner's-Iflancl to Shelter-Ifland. IF you fall in with Gardnn's-IJliind, you muft liiil on the notih fide ofit, till you come up with a low liindy point at the weft end, which point puts ofl two miles from the high land. You may bring the llland to bear call, and anchor in -j or 8 fathoms water, as toon as within the low landy point. If your cables and anchors are not j^ood, you may make a fine har- bour, which lies to tlie weftwaid, called S heller- IJland. lying weft three kagucs from Gardncr's-Illand. You mult leave Shelter JJland on your llaiDourd hand, and uin W. b. N. about 5 or 6 miles, when vnu w tl oj.er» a large bay, where 100 !dil of vcflels may lie iafe, and anchor in 3 or 4 fath- (uns water. it H Vireffiotts from Gardner's- 1 (land to New-London. Y'OUR courfe from Gardner's-Ijlund to New-London is N. b. E. (j ©r 6 leagues. In ftet.ing this courie, you will leave Pbimbljland and Gult-IJlands on your larboard, and FiJher's-IJland on vour llarboard band. 1;; this pal's you will go through the Horfe-Race, where you will have a llrong tide. The flood fets W. N. W, and the ebb E. S. E. This pbice breaks wheq there is any wind, elpecially when it blows againft the tide. Y'our foundings will fometimes be 5 fathoms, at others 15 or 16. In patf- ing the weft end of Fijher's Iflaiid, you muft give it a birth of three and a half miles, as there aie fcvcral rocks to the weftward of it ; then youi* courfe ^o the +light-ho>ife is N. N. W. diftant 2 leagues ; but in going in here you raurt not make long hitches : you will kave a iunken ledge on your lar- board, and one on your ftarboard hand. When within one mile of the light-houle, you may (land on the eaftward till the light bears N. N. W^ and then run up about N. N. E. ". — — " « ' ' t;((yi»;^tt /roj?i ConneOiciit. It communicates with the ocean at both tndi of Long-lfland, and ajfords afafe and convenient inland navigation. + The li^hthoiift Jlands on the wejljid: of the harbour, andprojeHt can^ JuleraHy into thcj\;u,nd. fh' I LOT. pting a few hills which lie nt. Along the louth fide he (hove ; in lome places it ; this flat from Montoik' leagues ; and then W. b. the middle and weft parts tn the ifland there are horn to so leagues, the water will have oozy ground, ies off the eafl end of the \ at the lame diftance fron> nd. From the Ibuth-weft y-Hook. •? , <> « ■■ T^ 3 Shelter-Ifland. nuft liiil on the north fide the weft end, which point y bring the I Hand to bear I as within the low landy you may make a fine har- ■ Ijland. lying weft three 'e Shelter ■ Ijland on your liles, when vou w >l open and anchor in 3 or 4 fath- New-London. tto-London is M. b. E. ^ leave Pbtmblfiand and d on vour llarboard band. e, where you will have a ebb E. S. E. This place it blows again ft the tirlr. uthers 15 or 16. In palF- e it a birth of three and a rd of it ; then yourToiirfe ; but in going in here vou inken ledge on your lar- within one mile of the he light bears N. N. \V. th the ocean at both ends, inland navigation, harbour^ andprojeflt. toJifi. AMERICAN COAST PIL(JT. 71 DireaioHsfor vejjels coming from /ea, and bomid to New- London. GIVE Montock or Block-IJland a birth of one mile : there is nothinjj to hurt any veffd Imween Block- Ifiand and Montock; when you have paired hha^wandanock Reef, winch has been ddcnbed, there is no danger. *rT"§n'-^'""'"''^""'' "'»'"'' °*'*^'''^« 1"='"<=" of ""'•'e and the Lon.l JJland [hoK two miles, until you get to the weft end of Fijhcr's-Ifland : you will then come into what is called the Race, (a ft.anger may be afraid, the Race appearing like a reef) but there is no danger, being about twenty fathoms water from the Race Rock off the weft end of Fijher's Ifland to the Gull Iflands or Gardnefs Ifland. The buoy on the Ra^e-Rock you will leave to the eaftwaid of you, which lies in -three fathoms water at full tide • you may go within two rods of it, in 4 fathoms water. The btft courfc for a Itranger is to bring the light-houle on the Weft Chop of Neui-Londm mrbour to bear North. In beating in, there is no danger, keeping the light-houfe bearing N. b. lighi-houle, keep about mid-channel of the harbour, leaving the light-houfe *n the weft fide ol you ; you may ftand within 5 rods of either flfore, un- til you get up wiih a fmall Ifland of rocks upon the woft fide of the har- bour ; give It a birth of twenty rods, there being a fmall ledge called Mr/- tons. Ledge, y/hch bears about N. E. from the Ifland of Rocks ; you may anchor abrcaft of the town. The buoy on Bartkt's Reef lies in ihree fath- oms water at full lea; the buoy on Little-GoJUen Reef lies in 3 fathoms water ; four rod« to the ea ft ward you will deepen ..he wa.or to 4 L S. rs'b^iT°"/^n^;^-K'l«^'""Son The eaftfide of tie chinel. lies m 3 fethoms at full fca ; the buoy lies on the weft fide of the ledse • you may go near it ; the buoys are all painted white. There is a eood channel w:.y, of about half a mile wide, between the buoy on th. W Rockmd the pomt of Fijhers Ifland, leaving the buoy about ,2 rods weft o^ you, and the point of Fijher's Ifland thiry. The courfe of the Se from Montock through the Race is W. N. W. and E. S. E. Direliiomfor f^efels bound to New- York. rf,«. !^l7°" '^!!i'"'°J*'' ^"'^^'"^' »"d '""I'e Cape.May, it would be pru- dent to keep about three leagues off, to avoid Hcrrejfot bar, which lies Zt l/°that?"" 'Tk-'"'^ ?'^'^'' '^' northwa.xl,ind 8 n;iles from the •i i u T ^''1* '"'" " f«q"ented by the Delaware pilots, hav- Bg no other harb.,ur to the northward until they reach Esg-Harbour. Ai- ter pairing /r.r«>^ bar, you then may haul Jp N. E? in nine fathra,, proach Lgg.ffarbour, you will there have fine white and black fand, inter- mixed with fmall broken (hells ; by eontinuing the fame courfe, you will deep- en your water to 8 or 9 fathoms, and lo continue till you d,-aw near Barnc- fn 1^ p 7 A ry°"''/''""*^'"8' materially, as there is a channel runs LL\ A ,'°" •'■°"I ^'"■«'^'"- The foundings off the (hoal is mud, (hells, and gravel mixed together. The ftioal oHBarnrgat does not ex this (hoal m b fathoms water, within piftol fliot of the outward breaker ; •' ,..,1 ■ y^ 1* AMKRlCAN COAST PILOT. it would always b^' piiulent in night time to keep in 9 or 10 fatlioms water at lead, in tinning the point of this lluwl. The loundings are lo iraicli 10 be depended on, th;il tlie moment \na lol'e t!ie above foundings you arc ])afl: the (hoal, when you will have fine white IhikI and very hard bottom ; you then may haul in for the land N.b. E. which court will bring you along fhore, in from 15, to 17 fathoms water. But if the wind and weather would permit, I wtoidd rccommi-nd hauling in N. N. W. which will bring you in witii the loutherninoli part of the /Ku<'f//r 4 mdes longj known to tiie coalh;!.'; by the name of LiukSti'amp, and lies dire£tly "a. your having the north end of this land directly abrcall, you are then cer- in the rear of the inlet of JiariiC};al, lb that by lading to the northward tainly to the northward of Bunicgat ; there i.s alii) another grove diretlly in the rear of £gjj-Harl>our, known by the name of Great.Hwamp, which has the fame references as rcrp;.-cls Egg-Harhflur — but that the one may not be taken for the other, it mull be oblerved, tlie Great-Sioanip of Egg-IIar- bour will appear much higher, and in length e'glit or ten miles, neither can they be leen at the liiiiie time, w Barncj^at and I'.^/;-IIariioi>r are 15 miles apart. Bariu\;at bears due 5j. b. W. 45 miles from Handy -Hook. In hauling in for the IVocd-iand bfoic mentioned, you may, if the wind is oft' the ftiore, keep within a cabk'.s length of it all the way, until you come up with the Highlands, and fiiould your vell'el not exceed lo feet water, you may continue until you come up with the northemmort part of ihe cedars that (land on Sandy-Hook ; then you mufl lleer N. N. E. to give the Falfe-Hook a birth, keeping about half a mile from the beach un- til you bring the light-houle open with the call point of the Highlands : you may then fleer up for the blulT of Slaten-IJland with a flood tide. Should it be night time, fo that you cannot lee the land alluded to, you will keep the fatne dillanco from the beach until you bring the light-houle to bear S. b. E. then fteer north or N. b. W. wliich will carry you up to the Narroivs through the Swafh ; but flioiild your vellll exceed lo feet, it would be more prudent to go channel wav. To go channrl way — When you come up with the Hi)\hlaiHh, keep iibuit four miles from the fliore to avoid the Outward-Middle, fteering to the northward \intil you bring the light-houle to bear W. b. S. then (leer in for the light-houle, as the flood outftde li;ts to the northward, but when a little way in it lets to the weflward : in fleering, as you approach the light-houfe, you mull not haul too nigh the Ihore, on account of the Fulfe-Hook — by keeping half a mile from the beach, you will avoid that fhoal : when you have got in lb far as the point of the Hwk where the beacon llantls you then muft haul in the jijay W. S. W. but if you mean to anchor in the bay, haul in S. W. giv- ingthe point the difbnce b.^fore mentioned, until you bring the light-houfe to bear E. b. N. or E. N. K. v.ht-re vou may anchor in from 5 to 7 fath- oms water, foft muddy bottom. But fl'.ould you wilh to proceed to Nfw- Vork, when you have come in as belbre delcrib?d, and got abreafl of the bea- con or the point of .S'a»(/v-//u'*. fleer up W. b. N. until you bring the light-houfe to bear S. E. and Brown' s-HclLno to bear S. ^ E. you then muft fleer up N. b. W. for the bluli'of Stntr.n-ljland, which will at that time bearexaaiv N. b. W. from you ; and that you may not be deceived with refpeft to Brown' s-Holloxc, it' is the liollow which makes the termina- .OT. in () or lo fatlioiTiS water i>uridiiigs are lo inncli to ,'0 foiiiidings you arc pafh 1 very hard bottom ; yoii urle will bring you along if the wind and weather N. W. which will bring is, which is very remark- om Cape-May up to the verv near the beach, and the day time, it may ea- ee tlie breakers ; yoli will apparently 3 or 4 miles Szcamp, and lies direttly lailing to the iiorihward, bread, you are then cer- ll'o another grove diretUy ui Great.Swamp, which but that the one may not rtal-Smamp of Kgi^-IIar-> ;ht or ten miles, neither ml Efjg- Harbour are 15 miles from Handy- Hook. d, you may, if the wind it all the way, until you /ell'el not exceed lo feet » the uorthemmofl part of lu niuft fleer N. N. E. to 1 mile from the beach un- point of the Highlands : /land with a flootl tide. land alluded to, you will i brin;' the light-houfe to ;h will carry you up to lur velVol exceed 10 feet, '0 f^o c It anil f I way — When Four miles from the fliore )rthw3i(l \uuil you bring r the light-houi'e, as the ittli; way in it lets to the ■ houfe, you mull not haul — by keeping h^lf a mile you have got in fo far as /ou then mufl haul in the bay, haul in S. \V. giv- you bring the light-houfe ichor in from 5 to 7 fath- wi(h to proceed to Neiv- , and got abreafl of the bea- . N. until you bring the to bear S. J E. you then JJland, which ■will at that )'ou may not be dieceived which makes the termina- AMERICAN. COAST PILOT^ '-^ tion of the Highlands to the weflward : bv (leering then as before direflcd, you will turn the S. W. Spit— continue (leering N. b. W. until you (hoal your water, which you loon will do if JL is young flood, as it fets from two and a h>ilf to three knots to \ht Weftward ; here you will obferve, at the time you turn the Spit before mentioned on the Jerfey fliore above the Narrows, two hummucks of land, each forming ^a it were a faddle, thus : \^y V.^'X^^ '^^^ cafternmoft of the two is the mark for coming uj> the channel, fo as to avoid th. Upper- Middle, by keeping it juft open with the bluff of Staten-IJland, which will be the cale if you turn the Spit as before direfted ; this Will bring you up channel way when you have failed 5 or 6 miles the courfe defcribed, and with this mark open j then you mufl haul more to the eaftward,untU yew open the other hummuck which is called thie Wtfternmoft-Hurtmuck : by keeping both eaflerly and wederly hutnmucks open tb your view, you avoid the Middle and the Weft Bank entirely, and tome up channel way through the NArrozus. When thus far, you muft, to avoid Hendrkk's.Retf, keep Statcn-IJland Oiore aboard. The mark to avdid Hendrick's-Re^f is to keep Bedloiu's or Peflo I Hand open With the point of Long-IJlatid ; for if you can lee Bedlow's "ifland in com- mg through the Narrotui, there is- no danger of the Reef from the Nar- rows to come up 10 New-York, you will fteer up for Bedlow's llland to avoid the Mud-Flat, which you leave on your ftarjjoard hand ; this flat is a kind of oyfter bed, or bank of mud and fhells, and has not more than 1 1 feet on it at low water ; but to avoid this flat do not Hand too far to the weftward, on account of Robbins'-Reef, which to avoid, running on the weft nde of the,channel, the mark is, To keep the point of land up the North-River (on which Fort-Lee ftands) open with the eaft fide of Bed- low's I fland, after Which there is nothing material to obftruft the naviga- tion to New-Yjrk, it being very fteep near the point of Governor's iHand, hnd the tpcks near the battery do not exceed one hundred yards from the ^""'.J^^"^ " a reef of rocks in the Eafi- River,, known by the name of the Middle.Reef, which can be diftirtguiftied at all times by the rip of the tide gdmg over it, both fipod and ebb. -Further— After making the Highlands of Neveffink, which is to ^he fouthward of &andy.Hookf you may run boldly in within 3 miles of the beach, and in fteenng ilong to the northward, obl^rVe to ke^p in about 8 fsfthoi^s water until you get the light-houfe to bear W. b. S. J S. then if you feave a round hill, called Mottnt-PUa/ant, ionae diftance in Jerfey, in one view with the land about one quarter of a mile to the fouthward of the liglit-houfe, you are io a fituation to pa(s the iSar 3 fteer in W. | N. until you are over it ; you wUl have on it it low water three and a half fathoms : when over, you will be in four and a half fkthbms ; pafs the Hook ind light-houfe about half a mile, at which diftance you Will have five and fix fathoms : whe'n you "»ve the point of the Hook on which the beacon ftands, bearing S. S. E. you may then haul to the Ibuthward and round the Hc»k, and come too froin one to two miles diflant, the Hook bearing from E. to N. E. in gooi^i holding ground, 5 fethoms water. When you make Long-Ififind, it id" neceffar)' to keep Ibmewhat in the Opig, on account of the Eaft.Biink, and •Werve the liune marks running in as above. 1 ••■'"^^'^■f -il*i-fcitfi I :i ■'«. ?4 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. The fol/otv'iu» are ihe Depth of Water ^ Bearings, Courfes, and Dijiancest of the Buoys placed in the Harbour of New- York. No. I. A WHITE Buoy, on the north part cf the outer part of the Outer Middle Ground, funk in 4 fathoms Water, bearing from the light-houle at Srtn', (or No. 3,) the courfe is S. b> £. Hvc miles diftant -, the leaft foundings be- twixt them is four and a half fiithoms. No. 5. A black buoy, on the Upper Middle Ground, in four and a half fathoms water, bearing from the light-houfe N. b. W. | W. 9 miles diftant, and from the laft mentioned white buoy, (or No. 4.) N. E. two and a half miles diftant ; foundings betwixt them, from three and a half to ftx fathoms. No. 6. A white buoy, lunk on the N. E. fork of the Weft Bank, in three and a half fathoms v«ter, bearing from the light-houfe N.b. W.^ W. twelve mites diftant ; iouvidings from three and -x half to (tx fathoms water betwixt them ; and from the laft mentioned black buoy, (or No. 5) the courfe is N. b. W. I W. three miles diftant. — — «:=^^^s;5^c? Orders and Regalatmsfor the Port ^ Now- York. ALL veffels moored In the ftream of the Eaft or North River, are ndl 'lobe within one hundred and fifty fathoms of any wharf* All veffelslying at the wharves of either riverj or in the bafons or flips, are to have the'i lower and top-fail yards topped, their fore and aft (paw rigged in, and to have the anchors taken up, and the crowns in upon the fore- caftle. All veffels hav1it| on board gun-powder, or other combuftible articles, are to difcharge the latne before they come to the wharf. All veffels having on board unflacked lime, are not to entangle themfelves with other irefff Is, or lie where they will take the ground. No vdTel whatever, between this and San^;)'-HooA, to throw overboard ftone ballaft below low wster mark, and in this harbour particularly, art ballaft is to b« fairly landed at high water mark ; and at the time of dif- charging it, attention is to b; paid not to drop any into the water ; ballaft of any kind not to be unladen at night. No fire to be made or kept on board any veff>-l whatfoever at any dock, wharf, pier or key, within llie bnunds of this city, at any other time, than from day-lijlit in the morning, till eight o'clock at night. LOT. lettrin^s, Courfes, and rbotir £/■ New- York. part of the outer part of Water, bearing from the le$. the Eaft I^ank, funk in 4 E. b. E. \ E. diftant four ,) N. b. E.one and a half a half fathoms water, at »ck buoy, (or No. 2) are 7 tfore&id buoys, isW.N.W. of the Eaft Bank, funk in !, N.W. b. N. 4 miles, the Weft Bank, lunk in light-houfe N. W. b. N. ift mentioned black buo>', int ; the leaft foundings bc< Ground, in four and a half . W. I W. 9 miles diftant, t. 4.) N. £■ two and a half L-c and a half to fix fathoms. ;>rk of the Weft Bank, in ight-houfeN.b. W.4W. ■X half to fix fathoms water buoy, (or No. 5) the courfe r of New- York. ift or North River, arc ndt yr wharf. or in the bafons or flips« d, their fore and aft (jpar« he crowns in upon the fore- other combuftihle articles, vharf. ; not to entangle themfclvcs e ground. Hook, to throw overboard harbour prticularly, all and at the time of dif- ny into the water ; ballaft ,,1 whatfoever at any dock, y, at any other time, than ,t night. AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 7f ■JJHMUi No pitch, tar or other combuftibles, to be heated on board any vclTel lying at the wharves, or in the bafuns or flips, but to be done on ftu^es or buats, remuveable in cafe of accident. All velTels that are not rmployed in difcharging or receiving cargoes, are to make niom for luch others, ai require to be more immediately accommo- dated with proper births for i ofe purpuli;). All velTels at the end of any wharf, and in part or in whole covering the rips, muft occafionaliy haul either way to accommodate tholi; going in or out of the docks or Hips, or quit the birth. All mafters of (hips or other vefiels are to report in writing, and on oath, to the mayor of this city, the names and occupations of every pei(oii who fliall be brought into this port in his veflel, and for every neglett a fine of 50 dollars will be demanded for each perfon, and if any of them {hall be foreigners, the fine will be 75 dollar; foi each perlbn, who is likely to become a tax on the city ; he is to carry him or h>:r back, or fup- port them himfelF. It is recommended, that all velTels laying at the wharves keep an anchor and cable in readinels, in cafe of fire, to bring up with in the ftream, if ne> ceffary. Dejcription of the Coafi to the Eafi and Weft of Sandy Hook. IF you come in inear Cajfti/Ta^/craf, be very cautious of its fhoais, and make your way to the N. N. E. which will bring you on the lounding of the jftrfey (bore. When you get 20 fathoms water in the lat. 40, 00, north, then haul in to make the land, by which you will avoid tlie difhcuU ties of the coaft and the fhoais nearer in Ihore ; but if you cannot follow this diredion, lee the following. When you are up with C/ungoleack Shoals, in 15 fathoms water, it is near enough to approach them -, from this ftation, fleer N. b. E. which will bring you up nearly with Great-Egg-IIarbuur on the Jerfey Shore, but you muft ufe your lead on approaching this fhore, and come no nearer to it than 10 fathbms water ; from Great-Egg-Harbour to the lat. of 40, N. the jftrfey Shore trenches near N. E, and from the lat. 40, to the High- lands of Neverfink, the land trenches nearly north ; in all this rout, ten fathoms water muft be kept, or near it. When you are full up with the Highlandi of Neverfink, if you fee nothing of a pilot you may flandon ; but keep j miles off the bare part of Sandy-Hook land, till you are up with the Ibuthern cedar trees on the Hook, then near the Hook till you get three fathoms water on the Outer Middle Ground, at which time you will be two or two and a half miles fiom the Hook. On this bank you muft edge off and on, in three or three and a half fathoms, for the bank lies rounding in as the Hook does, and ftops a little fhort of its north point ; but long before you reach that, you will bring the light-houfe to bear W. ^ S. or W. b. S. when you muft immedi- ately fteer in weft ; this will bring the light-houfe a little on the larboard bow, and if you fee the beacon light near the extreme point of the Hook, you muft take it on the fame bow alio, but pals it about two cables length,^ when you muft edge away to the W. S. W. about two mil«s, and anchor with the light bearing eaft of you. If you ihould fall in with the eaft end o£ Lof^-Ifland^ where tbeie i^ f ■ ,8 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. now a light-houfc which does not differ much in latitude with Sandy-Hock light, but diikrs very confiderable in foundings, ak you will fee by your hlanii of Nevtrjink, you om$ water ; in this rout, iich is on the eaft end of d W. S. W. it is necef. V liow yuu approtch the t night. :h latitude, or 38, 30, or icn you leave the Gulph you may begin to expeft ibundings ; then the ob< land to the northward of ten called the Burning- g near the land, and fteer- 1 have fuddenly deepened immediately, for many dings ot the dimenfioni oft. waiting for a pilot or (or d, when you fuppofe the igh ; when you approarU t on the Jtrfty Shore the s called a Hook Chaniiel it the Hook. =w Bay. td fpreads to the fouth. )y the confluence of Eaji I Hands, of which Govern iih the ocean through the ch are fcarcely two miles -Hook (the point that ex» o miles in length. Lights H&ufe /a Cape- -Itnlopen. e off AVw- Fori, bring it ;s, S, S. E. three or four will, bring you up with • oir. When you have I AMERICAN COAST PROT. 77 palTed this Catt, (leer S. W. b. S. 13 or 14 leagues, which will carry vuu up with Great-E^g-ffariour, which has a (hoal bank one league '>>rn the (liore, that has not more than 6 feet water on it. This land may be known by its appearing like broken I (lands, wi(h the *Itighland of Srverfmk to the wcftward of Sandy-JIook, which I1.1J a lin- gular appearance from any land on that coafl. In the day time y^u may go within two leagues of the (hure, but m the night it will be prudent to keep further off. When you have palled Great •K;',f,- Harbour fleer S. W. b. W. 10 leagues, which will bring you up with Cape-May, Between Barnfy-Gatt and Cape-May there are two inlets, (it at high vrater for velTels drawing j3 feet, viz. Ltttle and Great'Egg-Harhurs, but they are only fit to be run for at times when no other port can be made, a the navigation is not lb lafe as other places. In running for Cape-May, while (leeiiiig your S. W. b. W. courfe, you will pal's five inlets, before you come up with the Cfl/»c, viz. Corfons, Touin* Jendf Hirrefoot, Turtte-f^^it, and Cool/pring,al\ of which have bars lying off their entrance ; when .ibreafl of Ctfo^r/«^ inlet, you may, it bound by Cape-May, (leer W. b. S. hut if bound in by CapeHenbpen, fleer S. S. W. till the light-houle heart well, when you may run for it till within two miles. OS Cape-May lies a flioal called Four-Fathom-Bank, which in the chart is laid down bearing S. £. \ S. from the pitch of the Cape, but is quite er- roneous, as the true bearing is £. b. S. j S. and di(bnt 6 leagues. The water fometimes breaks over this (hoal, and has appearance of danger tn mariners ; but there has never been Icis than 18 feet water oit it at any lea- Ion of the year, which renders the paffage acrols quite fafe. Dire6li»m for failing in by Cape- May. YOU may run in for Cape-May till within three quarters of a mile of the wind-mill which (lands on the fhore about two miles to the north- ward and cadward of the pitch of the Cape, where ai-e leveral houles which «e inhabited principally by pilots.f Fiom abreaft of the wind-mill keep the (hort dole on board (when you will be in live fathoms water) till you double round the Cape, whijn you will leave the Great-Shoal on your lar- board hand, over which it continually breaks, when cwvcred, bearing S. E. b. E. from the Cape, diRant one mile and a half, which is bite at low water. After you have doubled the Cape, (leer north, till it bears S. 15. ^• S. when yoa mud (leer N. W. till you deepen into 7 and 8 fathoms. (In running the above courfe, you will have from five to two and a half fath- oms, before you come i|i|o 8 fathoms, which is three leagues diftant from the Cape.) After you have got into 8 fathoms, )ou will immediately come into three fiithoms, v/hen you mull lleer N. W. b. W. 5 leagues, which will carry you into the MainChain::!; between the Brandywincoa your lar- * Nevcrrmk-IIills extend N. W, fn>w the Harbour on the Atlantic Ocean^ to Raviton-Bay, and is the Jirfi land difcovered by mariners token they ar~ rive on the (oajt. They are 600 Jcet abave the Level of thefea, and may be feen 20 leagues ojf. + As foon as you are in fight of the Cape, and are in want of a pilots you had better hoijtfomcfignal, as thofc who do not are confidercd net i\ U'unt of one. AMERICAN COAST PILOT. board, and Crofs-Lt'.f/ on voiir (Inboard hand, IxMring N. N. W. and S. S. K. from c)' «' t. diibnt 3 leigiiea. In running ihe above courle you will have f f-" three and a half, and two and three quarters f;ittionij, till you come neii ' ma.i. ch' lincl, when you will deepen into t^ fathoms, which i$ a fwarOi tt.,.' runs up to the eaftward of the CroJs-LtJ^t : dill ktvp your N. W. b. W. cour(c till you have crolfid this Iwarfli, wtien you will (hoal your lbundin(;!> into two and a half fcihom^, and then dcep- rn into 7 fiithoms, which is the main Ship Channel, when you mull lUer JI. W. till you have only 5 fathoms, winch is on the Foitrteen- Feet-Bank, and then alter your courre to N. N. W. for the buoy of the CrofsLedge, One Icugu* diftant frum this Ledge lies a (hoal called Ji^c-Fiogger, bearing W. S. W. from the buQy. J« f h DireSitom for failing in by *Capc-Henlopcn. BRING the light -houfe to bear weft, and run for it till within two mtlei. When abrealt of it you will have 15 or 16 fathom's water. After you have paiFed it, fteer W. N. W, till you bring it to bear E. S. K. where you may anclior in 3 or 4 fathoms. If you intend runninij up the bay, bring the light-houle to bear (buth, and fteer N. b. K. with a flood tide, and N. b. W. with an ebb. The flood fets W . S. W. nnd the el.b E. N. E. In fteering tlie above courle 1 1 or i2( miles, you will make the BrowUf which you leave on your latboord hand : it has a buoy on it. Continue your courfe north till you bring Cape-May to bear S. E. b, E. when you wUl make the Brandy wine on your tlarboard hand, which has a buoy on it ; then fteer N.W.b.N. or N.W.b.N. -J N. and )ou will have 7 01 8 fathoms Water. The channel between tbeVirown indBrandywiue is not above oncmile wide. Souili-eaft tnoon makes high water here at full and change. There aw two banks about midway between the Brandy wine and Crofs- Ledge, tailed Four teen-Feet- Bunk and Ten-Feel-Bank, the former you leave oti your larboard, and the latter on your ftarboard hand. Thefe banks are not in the way with a fair wind, for they lie about N. W. b. W. and S. E. b. E. Cro/j.Zit/^d lies 9 miles from the Brandywint, which you leave on your ftarboard hand. It has a Imall veirel wuh a maft in her, for a buoy, which you may fee two or three leagues. Crofs- Ledge is about S miles long, bearing N. W, b. N. and S. E. b. S. the middle you leave on your larboard hand (on which the buoy is placed.) When you pals the middle, fteer N. W. two leagues, for Bombay Hook, and when it Dears N. W. or N. W. b. W. you muli be careful of a bar that lies a mile and a half olT from it, called Bombay-Hook bar, which has not mote than fix feet on it at low water. Your courle to Reedy- JJland, with a fair wind, is N. W. b. N. ♦ Cape-Henlopen lies in north lat. 38, 46, and in viejl long. 75, 07. There is a light-houfe here, afezo miles below the town of Lewis, of an oifa- go II form, handfomcly built of jione, 11^ feet high, and its foundation is rtearlv as much above the level of thefea. The lanthorn is between 7 and 8 feet jqnare, lighted mth 8 lamps, and viay befeen in the night, ten kagu:s Atjea, Veffds off the Delaware, upon dif playing a jaik at the foretopmajl- head, will be immediately fumijlied uith a pilot. None, however, arc to be depended on, unlefs they are fnriuficd with branches^ and with a certifuate from the Board of Wardens oj Philadelphia* irifirtin ■vrnttw LOT. btaring N. N. W. and S, luiining the above courl*: lid three quarter* f;it!i(>m>, bvill deepen into ^ fathoms, of the CroJs.LiJ^c .' dill rroird this Iwarfli, when If fcilioiTH, and then deep, iiel, when you mull lUer n the Fourteen- Feet-Bank, '. bur>y of the Crofs- Ledge, ailed Jjc-Flogger, bearing AMERICAN COAST PILOT. ft. >c-Henlopcn. \ run for it till within two i6 fathonisi water. After ig it to bear E. S. K. where end runnini{ up the bay, , b. K. with a flood tide, S.W.HndiheebbE.N.E. )U will make the BrotvUf s a buoy on it. Continue ar S. £. b, K. when you i, which has a buoy oii it ; u will have 7 oi 8 fathonis ywine is not above one.iiiile t full and change. There indyuiine and Crojs-Ledge, the former you leave on and. Thefe banks are not . W. b. W. and S. E. b. ine, which you leave on a maft in her, for a buoy, ofs- Ledge is about S miles middle you leave on your Viicn you pals the midclK*, id when it bears N. W. or It lies a mile and a half olT moie than fix feet on it at a fair wind, is N. W. b. N. and in viejl long. 75, 07. town of Lewis, of an oifa- ligh, and its foundation is mtliorn is between 7 and 8 '.n in the night, ten kagucs \ a jaik at the foretopmajl- Ncne, however, arc to be heSf and uith a ctrlifuatc diftant IK miles-, if you have the wind ahead, bo careful of Sloney. Point* Ledge, wliith )'ou leave oti your (larbourd hand, as the channel is not nioie than two miles wide. Ilic ledj'C is partly dry at low water, and bean S, E« from Reedy ■ IJland, diftant four or five miles, Direnions from Reedy- Ifland to Philadelphia. WHEN you pafs Reedy. IJland, be careful of a long llioil that lie* td the N. N. W. of It, one mile and a half in length, called the Pea* . Patch, which lie» on your (brbuurd hand. Li palftng laid flioal point» keep your larboard hand befl on board till you bring the river to bear N. E. or N. E. b. N. when you may (land up for New-CaJIU. This place is 40 miles from Plnladell>hia. When you have palled it about a mile, you give Uw larboard hand a birth, u there ii a flat flioal near half a mile ofl'; if you have a fair wind, you may keep in the middle of the river. This river winds from Newcaftle to Marcus-Hook, from N. E. to E. N. E. diftant 33 miles. Your courfe from this to CheJier-IJland is N. E. b. E. 4 miles. You leave laid I (land and a long low point that lies W. S. W. from it, on your larboard hand, giving it a good birth, and keeping yourftatboard hand beft on board, till you come up wiih * Billings'. Port, when you will haul up for Mud- Fort ; but before you come up with this fort you will li!c a black buoy in channel way, which you may go clofe to. Run direft for this fort, which is an E. N. E. courfe, till you are abreaft of it, when you will lee a I'mall Ifland oii your lai board, and another on your ibrboard hand, Irhich you muft go between. When you have pafled between thefe Iflands, fterr E. b. N. two miles, when you muft haul up N. E. b. N. for GleUcefler- Point, diftant one mile, from which you muft keep your larboard hand beft on board, and ftecr north j miles, which will carry you abrealt of the city. T I D E - T A B L E. Moon < fS. E. b. E.-\ S. E. S. S. E. S. b. £. S. s. s. w. s. w. I i J makes full fea at 'Cape-Mojf. Cape.Jfames. Bombay-Hook^ , Retdy.IJland. I Newcafile. Chtjitr. [^Philadelphia. Setting oftbi tide within the bay of the Capes. 5irft Quarter Flood, W. N. W. .*^ econd to la ft Quarter, N. N. W. Firft Quarter Ebb, E. S. E. Second to laft Quarter, S. S. E. Ihis if a highfandy point, *nd bluf. J :i: ;-i '-la ^ AMERICAN COAST PILOT* DireSliom from Cape-Hciilopcn to Cape-Henry. WHEN you leave Capi-Hinloptn,ho\tnA to Cape-Henry, give it i birth of 3 or 4 miles and fleer S. S. E. 10 leagues, as there is a (hoal Bank that lies S. b. E. from Cape-Henlopdn, 11 leagues didant, aWtASenepuxet. It lies one league from land. If you tUm in or dfit by Ccpe-ifentopen,he careful of the Hen and Chickens, which lie S. b. E. from laid Cape, one league diftant. There is a bank that lies S, £. b. S. from the Light Houfe^ diftant 5 'leagues, Which has ndt more than 5 fathoms walfcr On it. When you judge yourfelf to the Ibutl.ward of Senepuxet, you may (leer S. b. Wi ■ lO or II leagues, which will bring' you the length of Ckingqieaclli-Shoals, which lie in latitude 38, 00 N. bearing due fouth from Cape-IUiilopen. 26 leagues diftant. and tVro leagues from land ; between it tod the Ihofe thera ZTetoandi2 feet water; ' ■" ^SB Remarks en the land from C; ,^e Henlopen to Chingotcaik ShoalJ. tNDl AN-RIVER lies 8 miles to the fcuthwaru of the Light-HOufe, This inlet is (it only for fmall veffels that draw not more than 6 feet water* fenttiick's-ljland lies i - miles to the Ibuthward of the Light-Houfe, which Ifland parts Delaware from Maryland. This liland has a grove of trees on it) and you Will have 6 or -^ ^thoms water within a league of the land, and a ftrong current fetting to the fouthward. When you are within half a inile of Senepuxet and Ckingoteack Shoals you will have i a fathtums water. The land from Chingoteack to Cape Charles makes brc»-Hehry Light-Houfe* 81 1 WHEN coming From fea in the latitude of Cape-Henry, you meet with foundings about 25 leagues oiT, whith you may obferve by the colour of the water. On thte fouth edge of the bank, you will have 40 faihomi water, which will Toon flioal to io, and (till decreafe as you approach tht ffaore, generally fandy bottom. In clear weather, you may iee the land when in about 10 or rx &thom$, regular foundings, at Which time you will be about 5 leagues to the fouthward of it. 'ih the northward of the land, in 6 fath- oms, the foundings are irregular, and the ground coarfer. In coming in with the wind northwardly, you mad be careful of the duter part of the Middk-Greind, which lies 14 miles E. N. E. from Cape-Henry, and 7 miles S. E. b. £. froth Cape-Chnrlis, You may go fo near it as to bring Cape-Henry to bear W. f S. which will carry you round the tail of it in four and a half or five fathoms water, when you will deepen into 11, 12, or 13 fathoms, and then haul aw'ay for the Bay, the Cape being fleep to. The channel between the Cape and Middle-Ground is about 4 miles wide, and 8 fathoms water dole to the latter. With a fair wind, you may bring the light-houfe to bear wefl ; but if you have the wind ahead^ and are obliged to turn in, you may Hand to th& fouthward till the lI>»ht-houfe bears N. W. b. N. and to the northward till it bears W. S. W. You will have 9 or 10 fathoms within a mile of the light-houfe, and from 6 to 5 Athoms clofe to the Middle-Ground. ^ DireH'ms for failing betwien the Middle-Ground and the Horfe- ' Shoe. ':..., )CAPE-HENRY S» E. b. S. leads over the tail of the Horfe-Shae in ^ or ^ fathdmst This part of the fhoal lies in ridges, fo that you will fre- dutintly find one half a fathom difference at a caft ; but it is not dangerous. The tide of ebb down Chefapeak-Bay fets over it to the fouthward. The Middle-Ground is very hard (and, and pretty fleep on the fouth- wefbm fide. Bring the light (aftet pafTing Smith's-IjtandJ to bear S. W. ind run fot W, which wilt carry you over the Middle-Ground in Ship- Channel, into 7' and S fathoms, when you mud haul up weft, and run for tlie Horfe-Shoe, Where you will find from four and a lulf to three fathoms, good anchoring. The ebb out of fatties and York rivers fets over it to the ^aflward, which makes it dangerous failing there in^the night, tn turnirg, fland towards the Horfe-Shoe to 4 or j fathoms^ and towards the Middle to 8 fathoms -, but it is beft not to venture into deep water, for the deeped water, viz. 9 and 10 fiithoms, is very near the Middle-Ground, Dire£IioKS for New-Pomt-Comfort. WHEN you bring Cafe-Henry to bear S. S. E. yc u may fleer N. N. W. 8 leagues, which CQutie and diftance will Cirry yoa i^to New-Peint- WJ^-^ rt J***^— I' . * . ' " W V ■■■ "L ' fvi 92 AMERICAN COAST PILOT- Comfort. There is a fhoal which lies eaft from the point, diflant two miles, and four rivers that empty into this, bay or harbour, viz. Seueni-RiveTf Way. River, j\orth- River, and £ajl-kiver. Thele rivers are all navigable for veil'els of 50 or 6q tons, and confiderable places of trade. Veflels at anchor in New- Point-Comfort ate expofed to the wind from, E. S. E. to S. £. and I would therefore recommend in tliat cafe to go in- to Severn-Rivcr, where they will lie lafe from all winds. Your directions for this port are to bring the liiuth point of Ntu-foint -Comfort to bear E. b. S. and fteer W. b. N> 2 leagues, which courfc you wiil continue till Severn-River bears W. S. W. when you muft fteer into the river W. S. "W. or S. W. b. W. which will carry you life, where you may lie land- locked from all winds. In running for this river you will make two bunches of trees on youv larboard hand, which at a diftance appear like two Iflands, but as you approach them you will find they are on the main land. In goin^ into the river you nuifl keep your lead going, and keep in the middley and go between two points of marfh, and you will ha,ve no more than 3 ifethoms between New-Foint-Conifori and Severn-River, muddy bot- tom. You may go to fea from this tiver with the wiird from S. W. to N. W. n DireBiom for Norfolk a«^ Hampton Roau. A snip from fea falling into the northward ought not to go nearer than feven fathoms on tlie fliore until fhe is well up with the middle of Smilh's-IJlanJ, when fhe may (tand into five faiiioms without danger. if the *liglu on Cape-Henry is to be ieen, keep na further to the north- ^jrd than for the light to be^r \V. S. W* by the coinpafs, which courle, after crolTing ihf Middle in four or four and a half fathoms, will lead you to the Channel-Way in 7, 8, and 9 or 1 © fatljoms, ^jcky bottom ; from thence a wefi -ourfe will lead vou to the tail of the Horfe-Shoe, in 5 fath- oci"!, hard land, the light beanng S. E. b* E. — If bound to Hampton- Road, in order to gain i/tVM certainty the fouthtm fliore on which it is right to take foundings, fleer \Vj or W. b. S. until the light b^ars E. S. E. then, being in five fathoitis or a quarter lefs five, a W. N. \V. courle leads you up clear of Witlou^hby'i-Point-—\.\iK being pvffed, and the urater deepenecf into 9 or Id fathoms, it is neceffary to haul op W. S. W. oblerving \o c6mc no nearer than nine ftithom* to the Ibuth fhorc. left the bar off Sowelis Point hook you in. Should you (after pafling WiUaughlty's-Poini) faB into 14 or 1 5 fathoms, idld-Paint-Cowfort bearing W. N. W. fteer up S. W. b. W. but go no nearer to Hampton-Bar on the north fide than ten fathoms, it being ftcep tOj until you pfs Sowell's-Point, when Old-Peint- * The light-hoiifi i.f fctuatcd en tlie. larboard hand going in, it eihout 90 feet frovi ihejurface of the water, and cannot hefeen a great dijiance. There is a houfe ereSed neat the ligittJtoufe-for the accommodation of pilots. + A law paffed the Congrefs cf the United States, April 37, 1 798, which That asfoun as a ceffion jhall be made by the iitate cf Virgifiia^^a enaBs the United States tfthejurifdiflion over a tract 0/ land proper for that pur- pofe, the Sexrelafy of tfU Tr,eaf::'ad- ual. If you want to go "into Rappahannock river, which is about fix \eagues to the northward and weltward, of ^'eti/'Point-Comfort, and one league and a half from Gunn's-Jjland, you mull, when it bears about N. W, run for it, leaving Pianhitank on your larboard hand, where you will have from 7 to 3 fathoms. As you come up with the larboard head of the over, keep your loundings on the larboard hand from 3 to 7 fathoms, and not deepen your water more than 7 fathoms to the northward, to avoid a long fpit of land that runs off 2 miles S. £. from the northern head of the r\ver„ which ii, very deep, but keep round the lout hem head, in the above depth of water, where you may anchor in 7 or 9 fethpms, gcod bottom, and lie. liife from all winds. After you are up the bay, a^ far as WaW s- Ifianti, and hay? it to bear about E. S. E, you will deepen your water from 5 fathoms to 10 and 12, Tvuddy bottom. Continue your courfe north until Watts' •Ijlarid bears vS. E. and Smith's-Point, which is the ibuthern head going into Potommatk river, to bear weft, when you will be in lo or 1:5 fathoms water. If yo4 deepen your water to 15 or 20 fathoms, you will be very near the bad fp'* or ihoal that runs off from Smith's- Point into the Bay one and a iialf league*," Keep your foundings in Jo or 12 fathoms on the Tangtr's fide, as before direfted : you may then haul up N. W. b. N. for Point-Lookout, which is the northern point of Potoumack river, and come too within one mfle of the point on the weftern fide of the tay, aud have 4 and 5 fathoms water^ muddy bottom. When you are up with Px>totamack river, and would wifh to harbour, having the wind down the bay, you may run in round Point-Lookout, giving it a fmall bixth, and anchor, where you will be fhcl- tcicd from all northerly \yinds. When you are up as far as Point- Lookout, and have the wind ahead* you liave a good channel to beat in, up astir as Patuxtt- River. You inay iland on each uck to 4 or 5 fathoms; but in Handing to the eaftward, when you have nine or ten fathoms, it is befl to tack, as the ground rifes ludrum-pcint, which i^ Oil your ftatboard hand, 'i his is a landy bold point, wiili Ibme fmall bufh- es on it. — Double this point, and come too in two and a half and three fath- oins water, where you will be fecure from all winds. In beating into this place, you may Hand to the north fide for the high red clifts to 3 fathoms, and to the ibuth fide to 5 fathoms water, and in the channel you will have 7 fichonib water. When ilanding to the Ibuth fide of the river, you »(ill k4 : ri''i"L:rMiiiir rii'w;rYii-^|i'i T. ir weft, you are with-, above courle at>d diff ,e you come up with as you appioach thele vhen you will deepen lbundii)f,s Ihort ,giad-, !r, which is about fix '^Qint-Comjort, and one in it bears about N. W, d, where you will have board head of the pver, to 7 fathoms, and not iward, to avoid a long hern head of the rivu» ead, in the above depth' I, good bottom, and lie i, and hay? it to bear fathoms to to and I2, til Watts'-IJland bears i going into Potowmatk fathoms water. If yon « very near the bad fpif ly one and a lialf leagues.' Vanger's fide, as before r Point-Lookout, which i too within one mile of 4 and 5 ^thorns water« tiack nver, and would you may run in round where you will be fheU ] have the wind ahead* tuxft' River. You niay nding to the eaftward, ck, as the ground rifes liard (and ; the weftem okout to Patuxet river, ance 5 leagues, in 7 and Cedar-Point, which is river. I'" *he wind is rt, (whitl. is often the hor in 3 or 4 fathoms, bay, having very high ciifts. If you go into d to tlie northward till )r Drum-point, which i^ I, with Ibirte fmall bufh- nd a half and three fath- In beating into this red ciifts 10 3 fathoms, ih;innel you will have 7 the river, you \i!(ill k4 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. fff (bme buildings on the north fide of the river above Drum-point : as (bon as ihefe buildings come on with Drum-point you mud tack, to avoid a Ipit that runs off from the ibuth fide of the mouth of the river. If you cannot get up the bay, you may anchor under the high ciifts and lie fafe from northerly wind*:., in 5 or 4 fathoms '"ater. If you ihould harbour in Patuxet, when you come out, bound up the bay, give the high land on the northern fide of the river Ibmething of a birth, and alfo give Cow- Point a good birth, as a large fpit rui)s oif here fome way, which is very bold : You will liave 8 fathoms and before the next call of your lead you may be afhore. Run from Patuxet into the bay till you have 9 or 10 fethoT^s water, when you will be near mid-charm'U.' Your courle up the bay when in the channel, is N. b. W. | W. to Poplar- JJland, diflant 8 or 9 leagues. In running this courie, you will have from JO to It; fiithoras. When Sharp's- IJland bears eaft, you may find 18 fath- oms, muddy bottom. After leaving Patuxit river, if you intend to go into Great-Choptank river, yaw m\i{i\ c^ue too with (afcty. ^kM i>ireciiotti f om New-Point-Comfort to Potowmack -River. FROM this point, a Spit extends S. E. two miles, which you will VViaA by not going into lei's than four fathoms water. About two and a Jbilf leagues Nj N. E. from New-Point-Comfort, and iwo leagues eaft from fron-Point, lies the IVoif -Trap Rock, on which there aie 12 feet at low wa- fer; between this r«ck and Poinl-Contjor: there are 8 and 9 ftithoms. From the Spit, which runs oft fiom Neto- Point-Comfort, to tA entrance of Rap- faktznoci rivtr, the tourfe is N. b. W. and the diftancc 6 leagues. You liiay keep in 5 or 6 fathoms water. Near to the WotJ-Trap-Roih, there ^t 7 ftthoms. , j^'. Ifrom the entrance of Rappahanock to the flat which runs ofFfr«)m Wi-r ikociTnafa-point, the courle is north, and the diftance 6. leagues. You may xun in 5, o, or 7 fathoms water. When you draw near the flioal which TUDSoH f.om IVic/iocomaca-point, you (hould not go imo lets than 7 fathoms. This fhoal extends atj^Jul two and a half miles E. S. E. iiom Smith's. IJland ; On its extremity there are only two fathoms waier^ and very near to it ecft- Waid there are 10 or 12 fathoms. ThcJ|^||^Kthe ihoalell part of thi& ftnd, is a houfe with a white chiinney^j^^^^Hng the trees on the fliore within Smith's-JJland, open to the "vUHV^^h- Ifl^nd, and bearing weft. When this houfe bears W. b. ^Hpu are to the Ibuthward of the extremity of the flioal ; and when it bears'^, b. S. you are to the north- ^'ard of it. That which adds confiderably to the danger of fhiv flioal in going either up or down the Chefaptak, is, the broken Iflands which lie on the eail fide of the channel, and the flats of land which extend frcm 5 to 81 Sttil'es to the weftwai-d from them. 1)vfS^ Tangier- Jjlands lie to the fouthw«rd oi Hooper': IJlandi, and ths :.0T. 3odkin-point bears S. S. vihg North Point a birth ilcer away for the White- :he river, until you are outliward till you bring two lails brfadm of Ilazc- of the locks, when you the laid poir.is within a Kid you up to Hawkins'- mile. There aie ieveral f the channel, which arc lau one quzvter of a mile , yoa may fteer away fof . W. b. N. which couflj 1 two and a half to Hve St pals between the two keep clear of a (hoal julli I off the wharves, on th;h hills, called Cllfts, wiih trees on them ; and from this fide alfo a flat e uends, but the (hoalings on each lida of the channel mc gradual, and the giound loft. In the middled" the chan- nel there are 8 fathoms vvitcr. Higher up is Roujly'sfoint on the iouth fide, and Drum-point on the north fide ; the latter is a low iantly point. You may anchor without thefe points, or you may go further up th« river, always obferving ilie following general rule in all the deep bays througliqut ■ til 8S AMERICAN COAST PiLOT* Virginia and MaYyland : namely — To every point, more erp«cia1Iy wfi^r* the land is lew, a good birth in pailing ; bteaule fpits or flats of land extend from them, and confec^ucntly the water it (heal in fuch places^ ^)HMi*l DireSiions for goifig from Cape-Henry or Lynn-HaVen-Bay, to York-River. AS Capf/fenry S. b. E. would lead you on the tail of the Middle' Ground, and i\ the proceeding with it at S. £. would carry yuu on the tail and North edge of the Ilorfe-Shoe, your keeping the Cape on any hearing be- tween S.b.E. and S.E. will carry you through between the two Shoals. On the tail, and along the North fide of the Ilor/eSftoe, the (hoalings are grad- ual. With Ca^e-Z/dwrv bearing S. S. E. or S. E. b. S. fteer N. N. W. or N. W. b. N. until you bring Cape-Charles to bear E. b. N. you are then to the Northward of the Horft-Shoe, and may fteer N. W.or N. W. b. W. according as you have the wind and tide. As the ebb lets (Irongout of the Chtjaptak over the Horfe-Shoe yoii muft not, with a northerly wmdand ebb tide, approach any nearer to the Shoal than ,5 or 6 fathoms water. When you have bi. i^ht New-Point Comfort to b-'ar North, and Back-River- Point S. b. W 01 are then abreaft of the tail of i*ork-Spit, in 3 fathoms water. When you are a little above Lon^-IJle, you muft not come any nearer to the ihore than 5 fathoms, until you enter the river above the marfb^ then keep in 9 or > o fathoms, and run up and anchor between Yarh and Cloucejler, in what depth you pleafe. With a contrary wind, iland towards the Horfe-Shoe in 4^ or 5 fathomi* and from it into 6^ or 7 fathoms, until you are abreaft of the entrance of Ifea-Poco/att, where there is a gut of 7 fathoms, which runs clofe to th£ entrance ; you ihould therefore be careful to avoid going too hr in, and thereby getting on the tail that extends from Toes-Marjh, when you have got thus far up, you (hould go no neirer to tlie ihore on this tide, than 7 or 6\ fathom^, all the way up to York. On the other fide, you fhould not ftand any nearer to the fmatl Ides on York Ipit, than to or it fathoms ; dole to the ^ail of this fpit there are 7 fathoms : clofe to the middle of it there are 10 ^thorns ; and clofe to it abreaft of the I Hands, you will have 13 fathoms ; and before you can get another caft of the lead, you will be aihore. When you have entered the river you muft not come any nearer to the flat than 8 or 9 fathoms water. This flat extends from the North Ihorci almoft ©nc third over the river. !:| * Cape-Halteras. THIS Cape lies about S. \ E. 37 leagues from Cape-Henry : between them lie the Inlets of Currituck and Roanoke. In the former there ari 10 -■-I ,, f m t« .. . j -iii -.i ir- - "^ * On 'he pitch oj this Cape {lohirh is loufandy land) a light-hov/e was treHed in, 1799, tohich is painted zomte, and bears N. N. IV. from Cape-Haiteras-Shoal, 4 Ita^ues difiant ; there is a gcQd channel one mile and a quarter from the light, keeping the land on b»»ri. t\ ;LOT, int, more erp«cia1Iy y/hiri pits or flats of land extend 1 fuch placfSt Lytin-HaVen-Bay, to n the tall of the Middle- rould carry yuu on the tail he Cape on any hearing be- ween the two Shoals. On hoe, the (hoalings are grad- f,.b. S. fteerN. N.W.or ir E. b. N. you are then to N. W.orN. W.b. W. >e ebb fcts (Irongout of the b a northerly wind and ebb 6 failioms water. When North, and Baik-Rivcr- (f York-Spit, in 3 fathonM It, you muft not come any :r the river above the mar(h« anchor between York and ^e'-Shoe in 4^ or 5 fathoms, re abread of the entrance of which runs dole to th« void going too far in, and -Marjh. When you have e fhore on this fide, than 7 other fide, you fhould not t, than 10 or 11 fathoms ; ofe to the middle of it there Iflands, you will have 13 he lead, you will be afliore. come any nearer to the flat m the North (hore, almoil ,; i m, ii . i .m >i i. u jm C apt- Henry : between In the former there ar>. 10 dv land) a light-hou/e was ■ bears N. N. IV. from good channel enemik and i. " AMERICAN COAST PIL0T. 89 feet water, and in the latter 8 feet w.iter. Ab^ut 6\ leagues N. b. E. \ E. from Capf-HalUriis, lies the louth fiid of a b.mk oti wliicli there art; 5 .m;l 4 fathon s water ; it extends north and louth nearly 3 li;agiies, and is ubout two miles and a hail broad. The inner edge of this hank, is about three miks from he Ihbrc, between them there are 10 and 9 fathoms water, Clole to the loui^ end, and along the outer or eall. fide, there are 7 fktthoms. Abiut three miles K'. b. W. from the north end of this bank, at\d three miles E. b. S. frim the n(.rlh end of Hatteras-ijlaiul, there lie Ibme linall knowls, on V/hich there are only 9 feet at low water. Cnpe-ilutteras Shoals extend 10 ka^urs E. S. E. from the Cape, and are from N. N. E. to S. S. W. 5 leagues and a half at the bioideft part ; near to them on the north fide, there are froai 6 to 9 fathoms ; near to the eafl end there are 9 and io fathoms, and near to them on the fouth fide there arc ao fathoms. I'here is a channel betwcon the cape and liie fhoals, in which there are from two and a half to four f.nhorns water. The channel or fwalh lies about S. W. b. S. and N. E. b N . In going through it you will pals yie cape at a diftance of four miles and a half; as the fea generally breaks on the flioals on each fide, you Vk'ill ih'. tli.- fwalh; Your couife from Capf' Henry to the outer end of the (hoals, is S. S. E. J E. and the diftance 34 leagues. Cape-Lookout bears 9. W. j W. diflant 23 leagues from Cape-Halteras. About (even leagues and a half S. W. J W. from Cape-Hatteras, is Occa- cbkt inlet, in the entrance of which there are from 17 to 13 feet water. Be- tween the two capes there are very regular foundings, in from 8 to 5 fath- oms water. Cap^- Lookout Shoals extend four leagues and a half S.b. E. \ E. from the Cape, and are about three miles acrols ; clofe to them on the eaft fide, and off the 'outer end, there are five fathoms water ; near to them on the weft fide, there are from 5 to 9 fathoms. The outer part of thefe (hoals lie 25 leagues S. W. | S. fiom Cape-Hatltras, and 30 leagues S. W. b. W. i W. fmm the outermoft part of Cape- Hatter as Shoals. The deepeft water be- tween them is about 30 fathoms. About three leagues and a half N. W. b. W. J W. from Cape-Lookout is the enfrance of Cove-Sound, in which there are three fathoms water. The channel lies in, firftj N. E. b. E, and then gradually alters round the flat, which extends from thft Ifland on the larboard or .weft fide, to the N. N. W. i W. You will have 3, 4, and 3 fathoms in the channel, as you pro- ceed to Beaufort, where you may anchor at low water in 3 fathoms. Cape- Fear lies 26 leagues S. W. b. W. ^ W. from Cape-Lookout. Be- tween the two Capei, there are Iflands lying all the way along the fhore, off which, about two leagues diftant, there are from 5 to 9 fathoms water. About ten and a hnlf leagues to the weftward of Cove-Sovnd is the entmnce of New-River ; in which there are only 5 feet at low vrater. On each fide of this en'.rance, there are two inlets, in which there are from 7 to 11 feet water. Cape- Fear Shoals extend about feven and a half leagues S. b. E. ^ E, fioii the Cape ; they are about three miles broad. On the inner part of the flioals there are 6 feet water ; and on the middle part there are only 5 feet water ; near to them every where there are 5 or 6 fathoms. About 4 miles to the fouthward of their extrem'ty, there are 13 fathoms. The en- trance of Cape- Fear river is about 6 miles to the weftward of the Cape j there are 3 fathoms in it at low water, M hnmSP 9» AMERICAN COAST PILOT. ..I "i' ; «l i- I DireSliois /or coming in from fsa for the Co fl (j^North-Carolini* When you are Peering in for th's roaft, you (hould endeavour to keep about a degree to tti outhwrard of the iaiUtide of 11 e place which you intend to make, until you reckon ydurielf upot; the edf^- of the Gulph Stream, iind then your own judgment will dire£l >vhat courr is bed, according as you find ibe v/'v A to blow. Do not, if poiTible to prt..-rnt it, go to tho northward of 33, -n, N. latitude, until you get into 10 fathoi.ns water ; in this depth yoi will be within the li>uth or outer -"nd of the Fryingpi^n-Shoal ; it liei in latitude g^(, 30, N. In approaching the coalt in 35, ao, latitude, your (ird foundings will be from 30 to 35 fathoms ; in this depth you will oe very near to the inner edge or the Gulph>Stream. When ^"ou get intf* 17 fathomi you will have fine grey (und, with black fpots ; in this depth of water there ii u long flat. In fleering wed, you will, for the fird 5 or 6 leagues, (boal the water very little ; when you come into 14 fathoms, you will (boal your water quicker, but gradually. In 10 fathoms water you Ivill fee the land, if the weather be clear ; and you may then be fure that you are within the frjiingpan. From the oulfide of this Ihoal, you can lee no land bearing to tlie weltward of northweft. In order to go over Cape- Fear bir, you mud lake care not to bring the pitch of the Cape to the eadward of £. b. N. until you have brought *Bald' Head to bear N. \ E. when the channel over the bar will be fairly open ; and^ if the weather be to bad as to prevent your getting a pilot, you may (leer in N. I £• without being apprehenfive of danger. At iuch times, the middle ground on the larboard fide, and the fingers on the (larboard fide, will fhew themfelves v«ry plain, by the breakers. As the lead water on the bar is J £uhoms, you may venture to go in dt half flood. AGeorge-Towri entrance is iS leagues S. VV. ;j W. from Cape- Fear: be- tween, lies a bank, on which there are 5 fathoms water. The north end of this bank lies about five and a half leagues S. W. b. W. from Cape- Ftar ; it thence extends S. W. \ S. eight and a half leagues. Tlio inner or northwed fide of this bank is abt)ut 4 leagues from the Ihore } near to this edge, there are 10, 9, and 8 fathoms w;iter ; it (hoals grad-< ually^ as you advance towards the (hore : This is called Long-Bay, Near to tlie north end of this bank, tliere are 10 fiithoms water *, along its foutheafi fide there are 8, 7, and 6 fiillusms ; to the (buthward of this bank there are feveral fboals. Cape-Roman lies about five and a half leagues S. \V. b. S. from George-Toum entrance : between them lies the entrance of Santtt- Rivet* The fbuth entrance is two >nd a half leagues from the entrance of Georgetown river, and three leagues from Cape-ttoman. Ships that fall in with the (hoals of George-Town entrance, fbould net come into left than 4 fathoms water; you are then about ten or twelve miles from (he land, and although the muddincis of the water i.s apt to frighten {hangers, there is no real danger to be apprehended. The land here is * Bald-Head, at the mouth of Cape-Fear river, is at the S. IV. end of Smith's- Ifland, and with Oak-Ifland/ormJ the main entranre into the river. The lif^ht-houfe, which was ereEled in December, 1794, bears N. N. IV. from the point of Capc-Fear, and 24 miles N. W. b. N.from (he extremity of the Fryingpan-Shoal. + There is a lighthoiife here ef an oftagonal form, built on a Jaintfj tecchy and alternately painted red and white. OT. } (/North-Carollni. houlii endeavour to Veep e place which you intend ^» of the Gulph Stream, ir\' is bed, according at to pit.rnt it, go to the o lo fatho\.-is water ; in )f the Fryingfi^^n-Shoal : Old in 3}, ao, latitude, ; in this depth you will I. When ^-ou gel int<* : fpots ; in this depth of Aril!, for the (ird 5 or 6 le into 14 fathoras, you n 10 fathoms water you may then be furc that if this (ho9l, )Ou can Ice ke care not to bring the {0\x have biought *Bald' will be fairly open ; and^ a pilot, you may (leer in ,t i'uch times, the middle (larboard fide, will (hew id water on the bar is | from Cape- Fear': be- water. The north end W. b. W. from Cape. a half leagues. Tlia cagues from vhe (hore } IS w.iter I it (hoals grad-< is called Long-Bay, Fathoms water ; along to the (buthward of ics S. \V. b. S. from itrance of Santee- Rivef^ from the entrance of pears, wnen leeii at a didancc, to be a land left dry by the tide. All the way from the limth entrance of the Santee-River, to about two miles louthweft of Cape-Roman, there is a (lioal which extends to a cniiliderabledidance from the land; the Ibuth-ead point of it lies about 4 leagues S. E. ^ £. from the Ibuth point of George.Toun entiance ; and the Couth-welt point lies about three leagues S. K. b. S. from Cape- Roman. There are 4 and 3 fathoms clofe to this dangerous land ; the land is To low, that you cannot, at the extremity of tlie Ihoal, fee it from the deck. On Cape- Roman is a windmill, which has frequently bren taken for CharUfton light-houic. From the S. W. part of the ihoal, deer W. N. W. and you will foon fee the lllaud called Racoan-Lays : it is a long narrow liland, nnd lies about W. b. S. fvom Cape- Roman. Wher\ you lee Racoon- La,-.>" JJland, dcei W. ' W. or S. W. b, W, in about 5 fathoms wa't., As there is a (ho < runs off about 5 miles S. £. b. E. from the rr<,th- " ynu (houid take care to avoid it in p< ^ me didance at (ca, you will have gradual Ibundings. When you come near the bar you may lee the north and Ibuth breakers, between which is the en< trance over the bar. In running over the bar you muft have the light- houfe to biar W. -J- N. or W. b. N. Continue this courfe between the two breakers, when you will fi"d from \% to 1 9 feet of water, ac- cording as the tide may be. Follow the above courli;, taking care that the tide of flood does not fet you on the north breakersi, till you come within half a mile of the light-houle, when you may anchor in 4 or 5 • Charledon light-houft is built of brick, and Jituated on an IJland ri'liich you leave on your larboard hand going in, on low fandy land^ about 80 fitt high, the lower part of xuhidi it white^ and the upper- part black. u'■• courli from thence to CharU'fon is about VV. \ N. and the uilbnct jr 5 t iV's. When you bring Iloc-Jfland to bear N. and Fort-Johnfin to lear S.b. W. you are up with the ealk-rn end of the Middle-Ground, which y( u niuft not go nearer to than 3 fathoms. You may then fteer nearly well, keeping in 4 or 5 fathoms water, which will carry you between the Marjh or aiiutsFvlly, anA t\\t MiddU-d round. 'I'his channel is narrow, not being more than a quarter of a mile broiid, as the flats lie olf from 6huts-Fi>l/y one quarter of a miie. Ciaitinue your weft courfe till you come up to the. town, where you may anchor in 5 or 6 falhon s water. In running up from Sullivnn's-ljlaiui ftand no nearer to the (birliward than till you conic into ihrec f.itiionis, for fear of the fpit, a Middk-Ground that lies off to the N. E. anil eaft from Fori'JohnJon\ Point, as far as Cumm r",'! Puint, nor to the northward nearer than ihrie or four fathoms. After l-iiling from Sidlivan's- I/land, as before direfteC, you muft, if Jbound thiour,h the S. \V. channel, or by Fort-Johnjon's l'oin(,\>x\x\^ the 4^p|^(>int of land on which the fort is, to l)ear S. S. V\'. and nm direftly for it, v.herc 50J will have from 4 to 6 f.ithoms. M'het* abrealV of this point, il'iL'tl vMur courfe about N. W. by W. in 6 and 7 fathoms, about one mile, or till you bring a point of wtx)d land to the northward cf the town of Cooper's River to hear N. N. W. when you may run N. \V, h. K. about ciie mile, which will carry you up to the town, and anchor as above direfled. You may fee CharUJlon light-houfe, in clear weather, in 15 fathoms wa- tcr. Tlie wind;, on Ibundings govern the current. A g^'i'ik-man from Newburyl>ort bfing bound to Charkjlon in January '797' g<'t foundfegs in lat. 32, 55 North, had 65 fathoms, when he run \V'. b. b. 32 riiiM^by log and had but 20 fathoms water. >; Fiom Cha^cfton-Bar to *Port-Royal. FROM five fathoms water off Charkjlon bar to North-Eddi/lo-Iulet, the courfe is S. VV. b. VV, ^ VV. and the diftanre 5V leagues ; this court; As ill cany you clear of the Shoals which lie off Stono-InUt, which lie fur- * Port-Kcyal is 6 kagues N. K..^ E. fromTyhev lif]ht-honfe, at the month o/"Savnnn,\U nver, and lifts a /iark'HrJtiJ/uunt to contain the Urgeji Jlcct iii, the uiorul, , s;if-*;- 0N .MMiarik|MftMM(Mk.JbM •aumamsseemif/i ■r- »iiiM( ni I im on lh»: bar, in I9 fcft rd of this, cnllcil Lnru- 1 5 fi-t-r, acfordiiij^ a* ilii lie is N, W. b. N. { N. llif light-hoiilf, niid con- e beacon, when yoii may Fiom thenre yoiir tourlis 8 laiiuiini waiiT, which en this point bears weft 5. W. part of Sutltvan'.i- •r, Ycu may go within bold. ' ' • couilf from uiQanct n 5 i \'^s. John/in ii> .ie.irS.b. W, iround, which y< u muft [Irer nearly weft, keeping u between (lie Marfh or iiel is narrow, not being : oH'fiom iihuts-t'olh one till you come iij» to ihe; s water. In nii'.niiig np 1 1 ward than till you come rrouiid that lies off to tiie • as Cum}n'r",'s Point, nvt c direftet, you iiiufl:, if 7o/inJ't>n's l\)in(, bring the V. and nm direftly for it, I'hen abieail of this point, 7 fathoms, about one mile, orthward cf tiit; town of ■run N. \V. b. N. about vr., and anchor as above :ather, in 15 fathoms wa- t. la CharUJlon in January 15 fathoms, when he run I water. )rt-Royal. ir to North-EddiJlo-IuUt, e 5', leagues ; this courli: Stono-Inlf.t, which lie fur- ev lif'Jtt-houfe,at the month contain the Ur^eji Jlcct m. ^^**i^*^:im^^ >vfei,n^.-«!.i^?..;;iS ; ^-^g g g! " ^;. r IMAGE EVALUATiON TEST TARGET (MT-3) > i^ "BiiBlii 1.0 1.1 11.25 ^128 |2^ 12.0 ■ 2.2 I" 110 Fhotograiiiic Sciences Corporalion ^ \ 4^ ip o >^°^'^ ^ ^.V' \ 23 WIST MAM STIIIT WIBSTIR,N.Y. 14SM (716)t72-4S03 '^ i -: : %0 \ '■?«^a»;t3iPF?wiia»WB Wt t Mi W Wg ai»ww jw ; Mv g^^ '**.;*■■:»; CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions histcriques J tM-Mi AMERICAN COAST PILOl*/- 93 if' 1 ihcr ofF than any that arc in your way to Eddifto. Stono- Inlet is about two leagues from the South Channel of CharUJlon \ between them lie two Iflands, viz. Morrit'-ljland, on which the Light-Houfe ftands, and i he Ifland called the Cogin- Ifland. With the lipht-houle open of the Coffm-Land, you will go clear of the Stona-Sko^ils in 6 talhoms water ; but if you fhut the Light- Houle in with the Coffin-Land, you will not have more than hve fathoms and half otF Stono-Shoab ; you will pals clofe to the breakers, and conle- quently be in clanger ; the breakers, unlefs the fea be Imooth, fliew where tiie fhoal is. In' Stono-Inlet there are 9 or lO feet water at low wa- ter, but it was not much frequented, until CharUJlon was blocked up, in the year 177,5. From Stono-Inlet to North Eiddijlo-Inkt, the courfe is S. W. b. W. | \V. and the didiince 1 1 miles : between them, the foundings are regular, and the fhoalings, when you a.-e coming from the offing towards the Ihorc, are very gradual ; the bar of North- Eddijlo, and the fhoals which are contig- uous to it, lie off about 4 or 5 miles from the land. Clofe to the bar and {hoals there arc 3 and ^ fathoms water ; on the bar, there are g or to feet at low water. Soiith-Eddi/lo is 3 leaguw W. S. W. from North- Eddijlo^ The ihore of the Iflands, which lie between them, may be approached with your lead without danger. The fhoalings toward it are gradual. St. Helena Sound. THE entrance of this found lies between South EddiJio-IJland and th« porthernmoft Hunting- Ifland ; it is about two leagues wide. This place *\i navigable by veilels of 7 or 8 feet water only ; it is full of limd banks^* ■lany of which are dry at low water. Six rivers empty themlelve^ into this found, namely, Soulh-Eddifto, AJhappo, Cumiahau, Chehau, True-: Blue and Carfaw. Thefe rivers are all navigable ; fcrne of them come 200 miles down the country, but few of them can be navigated by veifels of fix feet water, for more than 38 or 40 miles from the found. From the entrance pfS^ Helena Sound, along the Hunting- Iflands, to the entrance of Port- Royal, the courfe is S. W. \ S. and the dilUnce about five and a half leagues. The foundings are regular ; you will have 5 or 6 iiathoms water. DiieSious for Port-Royal Harbow: WHEN you are coming in from fea for Port-Royal harbour, you ■fhould get into the latitude of St. Michael's Head, which is 32, 6 north, then fteei- weft for the Head, and when )'ou come within 15 leagues of it, you will have from 20 to 25 fathoms water. — Continue your, weft courfe until you make the land, which you wjjl do, if the weather be clear, at a diftanceof 6 leagues, in 12 fathoms' \yater. The land hereabouts is gen- erally low, but the trees are iii|[h. Port-Royal entrance is known by a Imall grove of trees, wliich (lands on the north fide of it and tower up above all the other trees, like a high crowned hat, hence thfs grove is called the Hat oi Port-Royal, Continue to (leevjas before, keeping your lead E^in MtMw—Wi i»-n»ii - H AMERICAN COAST PILOT. r ?^ going, until you get into 8 fathoms water, when you will be about threa leagues from St, Michael's Head. You may then fleer a point to the fouthward of the weft, until you get into 5 fiithoms water : then fteer more Ibutherly, taking care not to bring St, Michael's Head to the northward of N. W. b. N. until you fee the great north-breaker, called Cole's-Care : clofe to which there are 4 bthoms water ; this (hoal tnuft be left on the (larboard fide. As you approach this breaker, from the northward, you will fee another breaker to the fiwthward^ called Martin's-Indufirjf ; be- tween thefe two breakers lies tlje entrance of the channel into Port-Royal Jiavbour, which is about a mile wide.' The mark to go clear of the north, breaker is, a parcel of high trees which ftand near to the mouth of the river May, and appear like an ifland, kept juft open of Elizabeth-Point, Your courfe through, between the two Ihoals, is W. 4 N. or W. b. N. In this channel there are not lefs than 3 j' or 4 fithoms at low water. Continue to fleer as aforefaid, between the two breakers, until you brinE Phillip's-Point to bear N. N. W. then (leer dire&ly for it, and you will nave as you pro. ceed, 9, 8 and 7 fathoms water. When you are abreaft of PhilUp's-point, give it a fmall tiirth, and fteer up^I. b. W. | W. in 6 and 5 iatnatns wa- ter ; in the latter depth you may anchor in a very (afe harbour. There is alfo a channel between Martin's-Indufiry and Gajkin-Bank^ called the South-channel, in which there are not lefs than xi ket at low water. In order to go in through this channel, yoii mull, when in 7 hthoms water, bring Hilton's-Head to bear N. W. b. N. and then fteer with an ebb tide, N. W. and with a flood tide, N." W. b. N. until Phillip's. .Point bears N. b. W. \ W, You may then fteer for the point, and pro- ceed as before direfled. About 3 1 miles Sp £• from Hilton's-Head, and 4 miles S. b. E. from Phillip's- Point, lies the^aft end of the Joiner's- Bank : it thence extends W. N. W. about i\ miles, and has 9| fethoms on it at low water. Hit- n's-Head is on the fouth fide of the harbour, and is a higher bluff point if land than any thereabouts. Tybee-Inlet lies 5 leagues S. W. 4 W. from the entrance of Port-Royal South Channel : between them is Hillon's-Head-lfiand : it is large, fertile, «nd well inhabited. From this ifland the Gajkin-Bank extends about 8 miles on the broadeft part. You may proceed along this bank in 5 fathoms water. Some, when bound to Port-Royal, reckon it beft to make the land about Tybee, becaufe tbttttght-houfe makes that part of the coaft diftinguifhable from any other part. Tybee-Inlet is thie entrance of Savannah- River, {ihips which draw 14 or 15 feet water, may go io bt T/b*.&i^nA proceed through land to SMu/iof^n Port- Royal- IJland : and from Beaufort vef- lels of 8 or 9 feet water may go through land to Char(/^on. From Ckark/i ton veflels drawing 7 or 8 feet water, may go thix>ugh land to thi riVer Medway, in Georgia. On this coaft it is obferved, that N. E. eafterly, and S. E. winds, caufo highej: tides than other winds, and alio foffiewhat alter their Courie. A^p P'^rt-Royal entrance, the tide flows on the change and full d^-s o( th« moon, a quarter jjkft 8 o'clock. About ''6' leagues from the bnd, in la ftthonis water, the flood lets ftrongiy to the fouthward, and the ebb to the northward ; further oflF from the fliore, there is no tide at all. Near to th^ entrance of the harbour there is a ftrbng indraught^ during the flood tide» titd an Qutfet with an ebb tide. 1^- -. ■■ liirf^--- -- .^.JS^ ,0T. 'ou will be about threo en lleer a point to tha ( water : then ftecr more tad to the northward of ker, called CoU'i-Care : sal tnuft be left on the om the northward, you Martin' s-Indufirj/ ; be- hannel into Port-Royal } go clear of the north. the mouth of the river EUzaietk-Point. Your . or W. b. N. In this >w water. Continue to )u bring Phillip's- Point i will have as you prot ireaftof PhilUp's-point, in 6 and 5 fiithoms wa« lafe harbour. \ifiry and Gajkin-Bank^ lis than 12 hfct at low you mult, when in 7 /. b. N. ahd then fteer V. b. N. until PkiUip't. for the point, and pro- id 4 miles S. b. E. from ank : it thence extends n it at low water. Hit- is a higher bluff point : entrance of Port-Royal land : it is large, fertile, -Bank extends about 8 g this bank in 5 fathoms b to make the land about the coaft diftinguifhable ice of Savannah-River, 1 bt 4^5ugh land to th^ riVer and S. E. winds, caufo alter their Courie. A^ {e and full d«|-8 ol^ th« s from the land, in la drd, and th6 ebb to the lide at all. Near to th^ , du'rii^g the flood tide^ AMERlCAtJ COAST PILO 95 •>.'5 toireEiions for failing itito * Savannah, ia Gtfofgia, MARINERS (ailing into this port will obferve the following markt and buoys, viz. a large buoy lies on tbe outer edge of the bar, in tm deep* eft water, having all the leading marks on the beacon and light-houfe in one^ bearing W. | N. diftant 4 miles. Another buoy lies in the dime dire£kion, one mile within the bar. A third buoy lies one mile farther, W. b. N* from the lecond. A fourth buoy lies N. W. b. W. from the third } after , palling which there is lafe anchorage fiar a large fleet in 4 or 5 fathoms at low Water, the light-houfe bearing S. S. W. The buoys lie and lead in the deepeft Water, having a chanitel half a mils to the northward, and otie quarter of a mile to the Ibuthward of them, (in the narroWeft place) nearly the lame depth of water, and there are 30 feet ort the bar at lowed tides. You may fail either (tde of the buoys. If in the night, and you are to the northward of Tybu^ be careful of gdqg nearer the Gafkin-Bank than j fiithoms. MMtlin's-Induflry is a bad reef lying to the northward of the bar, and the South Breakers to the (buthward. In frefh winds, you take t pilot abreaft of the light-houfe — >in moderate weather without the bar. ^ Forty miles fouth v Savannah lies Sunbury, a port of entry, at the Wad of St. Catharine's Sbund, between Medway and Newport rivers, about tg miles fouth of Ogeech-River. There is a bar here, but the harbour is capa- cious and £ife, and has water fufficient for (hips of great burdoi. i; !«e H^tnds and H^eather on tbe coafi of South-CwoHfia. WH^N the wind blows hard in the N. E. quarter, without niit, i« commonly continues to blow hard for ibme time, perhaps for 3 or i days \ but if fuch winds are attended with rain« they generally fluft to the eaft, E. S. fi. and S. E. South-caft Wiiyls blow right in on the cdaft, but they (eldooi blew dry, or continue lonc ; in 6, 8, or to hours after their commenceitiQat, the (ky be- gins to look dirty, which Ibon producei rain. When it comes to blow and rain very hard^.you may be fure that the wind will fly round to the nortli> Weft quarter, imd blow very hard for so or 30 hours, with a clear (ky< ^ North-weft winds are always attended wuh clear weather. They fane- tlih^ blow very hard, But feldom do To longer than 30 hours. Ijie moft lafthtg winds are thoie which blow from the S. S. W. and W. N. W. and from the north to the E. N. E. When the wfaid is in any of thefe quarters^ the weather is the moft fettled. , * Thund»-gufts are very common on this cdaft in the fulnmer time r they always cooIb from the N. W. qj^er, and are fbmetimes fo heavy that no * Tybee-Ifland lits at the mouth of Savannah river, to tkefouthuard of the bar. It is very p'Uafant, wu/^a beautiful creek to the tue^ oj^it, tohere a fhip of any burthen nof Ue fafe at anchor, A light-houfe ^andi on the yiand 9ofeet high, is fj miles £. S. E. | E^from Savannah, and 6 miles S. W. i "W/from Pore-Royal. Warfcw-Sound is formed by thefouthern end of this IfCand, The beacon is a maft ttith a Hack cafi on it. :^j mt 1: n •|ii"- ■ -•■ -^TT*— -^-'-■■*'' ^- li 96 tERIGAN COAST PILOT* canvafj can witlifland tlieir fury : they come on fo fudflenly, that the great- eft precivi'ior.s an^neccffiry to guaril af»airi(l the effefts of thefr violence. From Tybte-Inlft to St. Simon's Head llie courle is S. b. W. | W, and the diftance 16 leagues ; and from Tyhfe-Inlet to the bar on the entrtiice of St. Simon the couiTe is S. b.W. and the diftance, 19 leagueis. Between them are the following (bunds, namely, Warfnu, Hofaba^ St, Catharine's, Sapello, and Little-Simon's. In proceeding from Tybee for St, Simon's- Sound, you will have from 4 to 7 f.ithonis water : the Ilioreof the feveral fflands which lie between tiieni u Hat, and the fl, o.dings as you approach are vvtadual. St. Simon's Bar Ites 9 or lo rhile.i from St. Simon's Fort : the fort is on the Ibuth end of St. Simon'sljlandf'ind by its whi'e appearancfe, liiakes this, place remarkable. About a mile and half (o the fouthward of thft fort, ii tl\e Ibuih end of 7^'^,^'-^<""'» ^vhich is cafily known by the trees, ap- pearing as an umbrella, and theiefore called the. Umbrella Treft. In order to fail over the bar, bring a large roimd tree which ftands to the weftwjR'd of the fbundl right-on with the middle of the opening between St. Simon's, and Jfufiyl r/lands \ bring alio the three trees wliich ftjod tMSt'i*'' 'o the weftward oF St. 5t//ww'i for*, jnft oprn'to the iuuthward onRie fprt, and tTieti' fteer Aveftj'until you are over t!ie bar. On the bat: yqu will^fiive, at thr^quariers flood; about 19 feet water. The width of the bar is about thrll quarters of a mite : the extreiniiies of tho fands,''Hij^cach fide, jytieral- I^ IbfW themlelves by the breakers. The north break head and the Ibuth I br«ik ^ciA bear of each other S. K. b. E, and N. W. b. W. Come no ■*ynearcr to the north break head than half a cable's length. The grourid on the bar is hard, but without and within the bar, it is loft. When the fouth end of jftji^t IJland bears- S. W. J^-W. the north.eaft point of St, Siimm'*^ Jfland, called St. Simon's- Head, N. b. \V. and the round tree, which ftands to the weftward of the found, is on with the middle of the opening ■' between Jekyl Ifitnd, and that of St. •Stint??), you areon the middle of the bar. When you come into foiwand a half fathoms water, you are within the w- fcjir, and fhould then fteer W. b. N. ^ N; There) is, a ipi4i;y»-ground ia. tlic fair way, but you need not fear it, becaufe there a^e always three ftet more water on it than on the bar. Give the fort, in palTing .itj a birth of about a cable and an half's length, and anchor, with, tlia fort E. b.'S, in 3 fathoms water ; you will then bs about 3 quarters .of,a mile from the fort. The tide flows oh, the change and full days of. t^e moon, as follows: namely, in the found, 9 o'clock ; on the bar half paft 7 o'clo^, and in the oiling, three quarters nter '6,0/clock. '$' The Mual/j of *St. Maiy's»River. ABOUT feven and a/ hSif leagues S. b. W. from St. Simon's Bar, » lies tlie bar of St. Mary^ or the entrance of Printe William's Sound : be- tween them you will have 5 or 6 fathoms witer. Run to the fouthward, lifttil' yojyj-bring the northernmoll ?)f the three fand hills, which you will fee on the nbrth'end of Amelia- 1 jland, half i|. cible's length to the. northward of the fouthemraoll Umbrella-Trec on the laid iftand, and you will then « * This river forms n part of the foul hern boundary lint of the United S||j;cs. It in part divides Georgia from vEaft-FlcAlda, and is very crooked. mmm gttjSmiii m^tt^ttmjautmmtm^ "^•W" OT* fucldenly, that the great- ?fts of tlit-'ir violence, is S. b. W. i W. and le bar on the cntrtnce of ! 19 leagues. Between {ofaba^ St. Catharine's, rybee for St. Simon's- ; the flwre of the feveral iiigs as you approach are n's Fort : the fort is on. • fhi'e appeararict, makes e fouthward of tht Torr, [lown by the trees, ap- ibnlla-Tve's. In order 1 (lands to ilie wertwjffd ing between St. Simon's, h ftjnd tJIKJhtr to the thward orfhe fprt, andl he hax yqu will, li^^ve, at ith of the bar IS about Isj^each Tide, g^erieral- reak bead and the Ibuth :. W. b. W. Come n» length. The ground on' s Ibft. When the fouth caft point-of St. SinMH-'*' the round tree, which middle of the opening an;,ati the middle of the ater, you are "within the ! is, a ml^-groiind in. re Me always three feet in parting Jitj a birth of h, 1 ha fort E. b. SVin 3 of,a mile from the fort. the mtxin, as follows: «{l 7 o'clo^, and in the AMEklCAM COAST f7 '1.^ River. .^■.- '. from St. Sitaon's Btr, ^ ;e IViUiam's Sound : be- Run to the fouthward, hills, which you will fee length to the, northward bntl; and you will then ndary line of the United rida, and is very crooked. b»re the bar open. When you are on the bar, the north end of Amtlia- 1/land will bear W. b. N. dillanr three and an half miles, and the fnuthern- moft part of Cumberland- tjland W. N. W. J W. diftant four and a half ipiles. Steer W. N. W. \ W. The north breaker generally (hews itfelf ; this is called by Ibme, the lAiddUbreaker, On the b4r there are not leCi than 12 feet at low water. In the channel between the bar and the fouth end of Cumberland- IJlani, there are 4 and 5 fathoms vrater $ this is called the South-Channel. There is anoJier channel, called the North-Channel ; it lies near to thij^. ibuth-eid point of Cumberland- IJland. tiere are two bars, diftinguilhect;^' by the names of outer and inner Bars ; there are only 6 feet on them at lo«f/ * water. In order to go over in the heft of the water, bring the north-Wiffe point of Amelia- IJland to bear S. b. W. I W. and then fteer for it, until you have pa{red through between Cumberland-IJland and the north break* ers. St. Mary's-kiver feparates the province of Georgia from Eafl-Bloridam St.Augu/iine lies S.b.E. j. E. 20 leagues from 6'/. Mary' s- Bar : between them lies Naffau and houfe, which appears like a light-houfe; Matanza- inlet, lies S. S. E. f E. about 6 leagues from St. Augufline's- B0T. This inlet isat the IbutH end of St. Anaftatia- IJland : there are only eight and a half feet on the (hoaleft part of the bar at high water. Velfels that go in at this inlet, may proceed between St. Anajiatia-'s- IJland and the main, to St. Anfuftine: on the'foatib end of this ifland there is alb a look- out-houle. The tide flows, at both ends of the Ifland, on the change and full day* of the moon, half paft 7 o'clock. Cape-Canaveret lies S. S. E. 34 leagues ttom Mdtani^-InUt ; between them \fes ^ioftiito■ Inlet, ox New-Smyrna-Entrance i it is about sileag^ues N. N. W, I W. from Cape-Canaverel. The .ftore all the way from Ma- tama-inlet to the Cape isboldt excepting a rocky (hoal, which extends a mile and a half front tne fhorc, about 5 miles to the fouthward of Matanza- Jnlet. From Cape-Canav(rel tomt rocky ikoals tfxttod eall about 6 leagties ; their breadth, from fouth to north, is about five and a half leagues* The north-eaft extttmity lies ibi^r and a half leagues H. £. 4 E. from the Cape ; and the fouth-eafi extremily lies S. E. b. E. | £. five and a half leagues. Near to them on the fouth fide^ there are 4 iathona } and near to thtm with< out, or on the eaft ftde, there are o ^thomi. N : I $« AMKRICAM COAST PILOT. The northerntnoft part of M aranilla- Reef htir% E. b. S. from Capt-Ca' fiaverd. Near to thefe (hoals on tlie north fide, there are five fathoms water, bearitit; S. E. b. £. dilbnt a6 leagues. Memory. RockheAXi S. S. E. \ S. didant 29 leagues from the Cape, and 25 leagues S. S. £. \ E. from the eaftcrnmoft part of the flioals which lie off the Cape. About J 6 leagues S. b. E. from Cape-Canaverel is Ayts-Inltt, now call- ed HiltJbrrough-Inlet ; the land between them is curved ; near to the ihore, in the bite, there are fome rocks. Between the Cape and this inlet, there are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 fiithoms water. From Uilljhdrough' luUt to the fi)uth-ea(l part of the fhoals which lie off Cape-Canaverel, your coarfe is N. b. E. and the diffance 13 j leagnes ; between them there are 10 fiithoms \vater. Memory. Rock lies 16 leagues E. S. E. from HillJborotighJnUt, From Canaverel to Bi/caina.Ifte, the coaft lies nearly louth ; and the dif- tance is about 54. leagues. From Bifcaina-IJle to Cape-Largo, the coaft tuns fouth-wefterly ; and fom Cape-Largo to Capt-Florida, it runs S. b. W. and S. S. W. Maranilla-Reef is the north end of the Liltle.Bakatna-Bank : as the flood tide fets in, on every part of this end of the bank, it is exceedingly dangeious. jut 13 leagues S.b. W. from Memory-Bank lies Seal-Key : this key "the north end of the Bahama- IJland : this is a long narrow I Hand, j»ing about S. E. b. E. and N. W. b. W. »3 leagues } it is rocky, frotOi^bfa end to the other. IVEST- INDIES. Dire^ons for failing from Montferrat to Hifpaniola yrfti ) alhwanu nmfi tUttftr* hi mtdejtr f^arUitkw.2 IN failing down to Jamaica, or the Bay of Hondvrat, go to th« fouth- Wird of Montferrat, and ffeer well by the compafs until you get into th< latitude i^" 27' N. Keep that parallel , and dio not go to the northward of it, until you are pad Altavella (hereafter defcribed) ] for, by keeping in that latitude, you avoid falling into a deep dangerous bay, called Juliana or Neyva Bay, on the fouth fide of Hifpaniola, into which a ftrong m" draught ibmetiines fets. South fde of Htifin'to\t. Attavetln is a high picked rock, and is the fou;hi:rnnio(t part of Hifpaniola, about the middle of the Ifljlnd down, and» from mofl bearings, m-jkes the reiemblance of a bell. It lies in latitude 1 7* iy N. longitude 71" 32' W. from Grtenwirh i and S. W. b. S. from the ifUnd of Beata diRant feven and a half miles : from the ifland and rocks csitied the Fra^h, S. S. E. dtftant 8 miles: from Cape Lopez, or the wefterri Falle Cape, 'o the fouth-weft point of Beata, is S. E. h. S. 16 miles : from t'e latne Cape to Altavella is S. b. E. 19- miles: and from the ikid Falfe Cape the Frails b .ir S. * E. 1 1 miles dtitint : ftom Falfe Cape to Samiay is N. N. W. northerly 19 miles. The two Falfe Capes bear tiom each oth- er jfc. S. E. airid W. N. W. Between, is the bay called BIucHqU, Where itKreis|ond i^fhing, and on fhore wild bullocks and hogs. Wfien off the well end of Btmta, bring the &^W. point S. or S. b. W. ^ftancc a,or3 milts. ■ There is anchorage in »#<*• n fethoms, tbe north-weft" point bearing •bout N. N. E. At the laft-mefttidned point yoa may ancmr ; there is a ulell which at times has frelh water in it. A fmall oiftance N. W. frow V iM i ii^ ii ti ii fc i Ku II I ' iiii r i V lifMrtrtltoii ii i^rlii I ffitilliii lOT. E. b. S. from Cape-Ca- there are five fathoms mciry.Rock bears S. S. E. ues S. S. £. i E. from Tape. " is Ayes- Inlet, now call- rvcd ; near to the ftiore, ape and this inlet, there Hilljbo'rough-Iulet to the maverel, your courfe is lem thrre are lo fathoms HillJboTotigh- Inlet. early louth ; and the dif- Cahe- Largo, the coaft ipi-ilorida, it runs S. b. .Bahama-Bank : as ttri ; bank, it is exceedingly I lies Seal-Key : this key s is a long narrow Ifiand, 3 leagues ; it is rocky, S. lifpantola and Jamai- nd thofe IJlands. birtfar* bt madefir t^arMew.^ Hondvrai, go to the fouth- afs until you get into th« I not go to the northward ibed) ] for, by keeping in rous bay, called Juliana into which a ftrong in'> 1 fucked rock, and is the « of the Iflind down, and* II. It lies in latitude i^f" ind S. W. b. S. from the from the ifland and rocks Cape Loptz, m the wefterri i. E. b. S. 16 miles : from : and from the iaid Falfe torn Falfe Cape to Samiay Capes bear tiom r^ch oth- y calkd Blut-H9U, trhere ind hogs. ^W. point S. or S. b. W. north-well point bearing ou may aiKfa^ ; there is a [mall aiftancc N. W. iiom m AMERICAN COAST PILOT. ■99 AUavella is a fmall rock ; a mile and a half farther a Hiallow runs out, hav< ing 16 fathoms water, landy giound. The Frails are ileep lOcks ; )0a may fail wiihin a quarter nf a mile of them all round. Within Cape Lopez, or the weilern Falfe Cape, you may anchor; but the foundings are within a mile of Ihore. 'i'he whid is for the mod part oiT Ihori, and there is good fifliing. C»()ing into Sarnhny, you may keep Altavella\\i^ open with Cape Lopez. When at anchor olf the mouth of 5fljni Iquare brown places, or lavannahs, which mav guide vou in anchcrmg. 1 he river Sambay is extremely convenient for a fl;^et to wood and w.kit in, as thete is generally but little wind, and that otl (bore ; fir the ('(.a-wuids come not in above two or three hours in a day. In the bay is plenty of fifh. At times you may meet with the hunt- ers, who have huts iur curing Wild bullocks an 1 hogs. I'hirteen or 14 miles to the weftward of Sambay is a fmall harbour called Trim, frequented by barks wherein the hunters carry their meat to inarket. jfacquemeL, tlic next port to Trou, is a fine harbour, with funihc^tioM at the entrance, and is diftinguiflied by the ludden cut off or drop of • hiUf iVen over another long hill, at the upper part of the harbour ; by tunning in for which drop, you will be leddiredlly in for the harbour's mouth. From Jacquemel to Cape Bennet the courfe is W. S. W. dilbnce four leagues. It is very remarkable on account of its white cliils. From Cape Bennet to the eaft end of the Ifle of Avacke or AJh, is W. f S. didance 18 or 19 leagues. When you arc off at fta, and abreallof Ava~ die, the middle of the laddle-hill over Port-Louis heura N. b. E. eafterly, and then the eaft end of Avache is between you and it. This ifland is low, and lies lb under the other land of the main, that you muft be near it before you will be able 10 diftinguilh it from the main. From the didance of fix leagues it appears like a cluder of Imall illands ; and the water towards it gradually (noals. The hills over Port-Louis are the fccond high land from the weft end of Hifpaniela. The weftemmoft is the higheft, and is called Grandtance. It may be Icen a long way off at (ea, on both fides of the ifland r fo that, know- ing the bearing, you may be fecure of a good guide in working up through the Windward Paffage. Thei^ is a rock, called the Diamond, bearing E. northerly from the en- trance of Port-Louis, 3 leagues, a- • from the eaft end of Avache N. E. b. N. 5 leagues. The Ackens Keys lie a little to th" .aftward of it, and bear from the eaft: end of Avache N. E. northerly. The fouth end of Avache znd Point Abac- co, when in one, bear E. b. N. J N. and W. b. S. | S. a or 3 leagues. There is a reef off the eaft end of the Ide of Aft, about a mile, which muft be avoided when going into Port Louis. To anchor at the weft end of Avache, you may lail within a mile or two of the weft end of the ifland, fo as to bring the afbrclaid point to bear S. E. b. S. in four and a half fathoms water ; and then the eafternmoft white cliff on the main will bear N. wefterly, the entrance of Port Louis N. L. and Point Abacco S. W. b. S, and the Grand Cayes N. W. b. N. All herea- bouts is good ground. There is a Imall &ndy key which lies a little off the N. W. point of Avache : brinj this key on the aforefidd point, and at about a mile dift^ca I i %06 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. you wilt find 5 fathoms, Ikndy ground, with good anchoring and fouQctingj a lone way to the fouthward. All along the eaft fide of Point Abacco '\s i rref of rocks, about a mil? from fhore, to which you fhould be attentive when coming out from the Vrcd end of Avache. If bound to Jamaica. Being off Point Abacco, in a fair way, fteer wed for the eall end of the idind, and be careful in not running too far in the {light, as the land at that end of Jamaica ii very law. IVtfi and north fide oj tlilpaniola, i3c. The courfe from Point AbactQ to Cape ri^«ro« is W. b. N. diftance 10 or u leagues. Cape TibtroA lies in lat. 18'' J'-/ N. and long. 74° 13' W. from Grtentuich. To anchor in Tiberon-Bay, you mutt bring the eaftemmoft point to bear S. E. b. S. didant three c^uaiters of a mile ; and you will then be right fgaind the river or watering-place. There are foundings a good way off from the bay, and touiid the cape as far as Cape Donna Maria. From Cape Tiberon 10 the fmall iftand Nava/a is 1 1 leagues W. | N. by compafs. This ifland is of moderate height and bold 10: it lies m lat. xS* aj'/ N. lo ig. 7 i" 56' W. from Grttnwick. Under the N. W. point is anchorage in 12 to 17 fathoms, (iindy ground, but there is a great lwell« wjtbftroiig lea-breezes. Ptibm Cape Tiberon to Irijk-Bay Point is N. N. W. 4 miles, and froai l^fiienceto Donna Maria N. N. £. T6 anclior in Donna-Maria Bay, you rtiufl. bring the White Cliff in the \ny 10 bear £. b. S. in 5 fatlion;is water. The Ibundings, as you come into, the bay, are gradual ; wherefore keep your lead going. From Navafa to Cape Donna Maria, the courk is N. E. b. £• diftant l^i leagues. From Cape Donna Maria to C»Tp€ Rofa, or Roxa, the di,dance is 6, leagues : between, are three I'mall bays, having barcadiers for inyall velfels. From Cape Ro/a to the Great Caymite thp courfe i« E. b. N. f N. dift. la leagues. ' ' The north point of the Great Caymite and the weft end of the Granive bear from each other S. W. b. W. and N. E. b. E. dift. 9 leagues. Fnim the weft end of the Granive to a reef of rocks which lies between, the Granive and the main, when they are in one, the bearing is N. N. W. and S. S. £. did. 4 or 5 leagues, This reef is. dry for about 100 yards. S. W. and N. £. aiid has gradual fqutidings to the rocks. The flat of the reef runs a Umg way to the N-. £. and the bed working is between the ree(' and tbe main, becaufe the. main is bold, and continues io all the way up t(*, Lewiga^n or Leogane-Road ; but, in ftanding over to the G.ranive, you will meet with overfalls of 1 3. 11,9 and 7. fathoms water. To. anchor in Lewigan- Road, give the Fort-Point a, good birth of about a niile. You will lee the white water, it being very rocky about the forN Point. For (;oming to anchoi;, bring the Fort-Point E. N. E. or N. E. b. N. did. 2 miles, and you will ha,ve muddy ground in 18 fa'homs water, with the fort N. £. 4 N. dift. 1 mile ; then the ead end of the Great Gra,- nive will bear N. W. b. N. and the wed end W. N. W. northerly, and the jLittle-Granive N. W. { N. did. about 6. leagues. Abput 4 miles to the northward of the point of ^ewigafit you come tp the over-falls, in 10 fathoms, and fo to 13, lO, 7 and 11. The Triangles and the S. E. point otihe Little Grai\ivebax from each. pther N. E. eaderly, and S. W. wederly, dift. 5 leagues. From the Triangles 10 St. Mark's Point is N, W. b. W. dift. g league}. By the Triangles there is good anchoring in 13 fathoms yraier, coarie iafid^ wdftiells. *- . r DT. nchoring and fouQciingj of rorksi about a mite coming out from the n a fair way, Acer weft running too far in tlie V. jrfe from Point Abacco eagues. Cape Tiber on 'reertwich, ifternmoft point to bear ou will then be right ndings a good way off ma Maria. 1 1 league* W. | N. by i bold 10 : it lies in lat. Jnder the N. W. point ut there is a great lwell« , W. 4 miles, and from I the White Cliff in the idings, as you come mUO, ig. i is N. E. b> £• diftant !oxa, the di,(lance is 6, adiers for iipall veifels. fcUE. b. N.t N.dift, ;eft end of the Granive did. 9 leagues, ocks which lies between he bearing is N. N. W. ry for about loo yards, i rocks. The flat of the :king is between the reef ies lo all the way up ti> to the Cranivc, you will cr. it a. good birth of about a rocky about the Fori- It E.N. E. or N. E. b. nd in 1 8 fa> horns water, I end of the Great Gra,- [. W. northerly> and the. ' ^ewigaftt you come t^ d II. Grai\ivehax from each. sagues. f. b. W. dift. 5 league}, thoau yraier, coarie iafitji^ AMERICAN COAST PILOT. /ei St, Mark's Point and theeaft end of the Granive, vr]\en in 6ne, bear S. b, E. and N. b. W. dift. about 5 leagues. From St. Mark's Point to Arthahenitt or Artribonitt Point, the bearing is N. N. W. dift. about 3 leagues. Here is good yradual founding all tita way, to and 1 1 fatlo ns, aitd lo up in the bite, where is St. Mark's Towrif with a good road for Ihipping, well fecured fiy fort.s. From Cape Donna Maria to Cape Nicolas, the courfe is N. E. b. £. dift. 33 leagues. Fium Cape Nicolas to the ifland of Great Caymite, the courfe is S. dift. %i leagues. From the platform of Cape Nicolas to the weft end of the Great Granive is S. S. £. 15 leagues. From the lame platform to Arlhabenite- Point is S. E. b. £. dift. 13 leagues. From Cape Nieolas to the Mole- Land Point is N. N. E. 3 or 4 miles ; between, is the Mole itielf, where, in a wet feafon, you may get water at the the head three or four miles up ; which may likewife be had after rains at the platform ; but, in dry feafons, neither afford any. From the Mole-Land Point to the weft end of the ifland of Tortugas, or Turtle- JJIand, the courfe is l*>f. E. b. E. dift. 13 leagues. In order to an< chor at the weft end of this iiland, in five and a naif fathoms, Tandy ground, you muft bring that end N. W. b, N. dift. 3 miles, the S. W. end of the fame S. S, E. and a fmall iTef in the bay N. N. E. diftant three quarters of a mile. There is a reef all along the iulide of the iHand ; otherwile there is b good working channel between the jlland and the main. The weft end of Tortugas lies in lat. ao" 5^ N. and long. 73" 1' W. from ^Greenwich, It i> 5 or 6 leagues long, and llretches E. b. S. and W. b. N. Port Paix, which lies within the iiland of Tortugas, is a place for large (hips : when the high hill which is feen over Port Paix bears S. W. b. S. then the eaft end of the ifland is between you and it. From the eaft end of the ifland of Tortugas to Cape Francois, the courfe is S. £. b. £. dift. ;o or 11 leagues. From ditto to Monta-Chr\Jla, gr Monle-Chrifti, or the Grange, £. b. S* . llift. 2t leagues. ' To the weftward of this mount is a large flat, with feveral keys and (hoaU upon it. When the northemmoft key or flioal is in one with the mount, they bear E. Iii 19 fiithoms water, you are about a mile from the fhoal, Cape Francois bearing S. W. | W. and the dry key in one with the high- land within the mount. To the fouthward of the dry flioaU is a long fla| of 10 or 11 fathoms, which reaches as far as Port Dauphin,and fo all along the out fide of the reef which forms the harbour of Cape- Francois : the lead- ing mark into this harbour is, the eaft end of Tortugas kept open of the , point of the Cape-land. On the outfide of the Cape-land is a little haibour called Little-Cape- francois : to the weftward of the fame Cape-land is a fandy bay with a bar, 6t only for boats ; 5 miles to the weflward of which is a good anchorage and watering-place, named Cumberland-Bay. You may anchor in 7 fathoms*^ bringing the point N. N. E. and the river where the cafks may be filled E. S. E. three quarters of a mile diftant. A little to the weftward of thi» is a moft pleafant iiland, where the gentry of Cape-Francois often regale themfelves. Weftward of Monta-Chrijiaaie gradual foundings from It to 5 fathoms., In order to^nchor, bring the S. E. end of the little key to bear N. b. E. ^^d between that atyl a dry ftioal lying to the W. S. W. of the little kcya I'l ■*!*«»*■ '0\ AMERICAN COAST PILOT. (ht;re ii! fmoorh riding and gcx^l grouiNl. At the town of MonlaCKriJIa ia a river i>r frcHi w»tcr, aiwl t fort wl'itli wai built by tht Sfnntards. Tu the cj'lwjrd nf tlie ninunt you may anchor in what Urpili you plcafc, from 13 to 3 fathoms, within a reef, whete you will be (helined hum the N. E. witid^. This is » gcxKl place m look out hn nii|i» coming fiom the *«nwjrd; for, ) ou are lo mucli iiiid.r the mount, thai b«ioie they tome veiy near thry cannot ehftinguifli you. 'I'he ll'ejf Cortois Kai being low, (land to the fouthward in the day, but kecpoii totlie northward with little litil dunng night. 1-nmi the main-lop ihe keys upon the ll'e/l Corccis may be fceu from the diftc ^e of about lour leagues, wiien a or 3 miles to the wedward of the ntnil in key of Turkt- Jjland. In pafTing the fir fl gt eat key, the velTcls . .u.ihor may be iceri while keeping a S. S. W, courlir. From the Cori,i,K,.y S.b. I'., ti Irague* difUnt, the high land to the cadward of Munta Lnrijta may Lc Ivcii, bear* ing S. b. W. In running over from Monta-Chrifla to the Corcois bank, the diftanct » ao or ai leagues-, whence ii is inferred that the louth hde of Cortois bank lies utiat. 2j* 5' N. Upon the edge of the rei f :iie icveml diy ja'ih- cs of rocks ; but the key is a good way in upon the lai.k ; and, when voii come pafl the faid patches of rocks, the bank uicluus to ihr N and N. N. W. diftance 8 or 9 leagues. Then you pals by a kev, which is raher held |o, but joined to the main key by a reef, the north tide of which 'i nt the en- trance of the fouth harbour. This key l^ lalkd the Little Corcois Kry, and lies in lat. 21" 33^ N. from which you haul up N. N. E. and then run along by a narmw key 5 or 6 leaj^ucs, whence it rounds up more to the eafl- Watd ; here is a place for anchoriu]^, and iiuall craft can go in : V'Ut the norihertimoil part of the hank and uef vui s up as far as lainude 2a" 5' N. J-'rom Conoii Key to Maja^itana the courleis N. W.b. VV. uiitancc ao leagues. Trom ditto to ths eaft end of Jftaneaf^o is W. dif^. 15 or 16 leagues. From Corcoii Kry to Cape Iramois is S. b. E. 36 leaf^ues. In coming thiougli between the Corcois Key and ihanca^o, loih may be fccn from the maft-head. At the eaft end of Jteanengt lliere is a remarkable lock : when it bears K. W. i W. did. about a lca;;'ji'., the giound may be lecn with no more \hm three and a half fathoms water. Haul out S. b. E. amd keep the lead going till yo^ have from thiee and ahalf to four, four and a half,lcven, tight, ten fathoms, and ll\en no {ground. Wher .he afoiclaid rock bears N. N. W. did. 4 or 5 leaRiifs, ilien the cad end of Little Htnnea^u beats K. W. b. W. } W. did. 4 Ifsgues. Latitude obfci ved 31° 2/ N. Hcanta^o dreiches about W. S. W. and E. N. E. being in length about 1301 14 leagues. It is environed with a reef, and about midway there is a remarkable white rock jiid within the reef. The highed pan of the key js about live oj; ii.x miles to tlie eadward of the S. W, point ; being the frd land yoti fee when you come from the fouthward ; but the S. W» is low and landy, lying in lat. jo" 57' N. If you would water at the pond, it lies about ^^or 5 miles to the northward of the S. W. point, when yOi» wUl bring the weftemmoft point to bear N. W. b. N. did. a <>r 3 miles, vrhsre you may anchor in 10 fathoms, taking care to look out loi a good Elacc to let go your ancltor ; for, the water being clear, you may lee the ottom. The watering-pjace is in over the bank, and in rainv times yoa jjiay luve water out of the pond, but none in dry weather. The wedern- Uiod point is about the middle of the wed end of the ifland, and from it the N. W. point bears N. ^ E. 6 or 8 miles ; between, is a Ihallow bay, wilb x^cefs ia it. 'J^Kc fouth- weft and ijorth-wed ^oiuts w low and faudys own (>r Monta Chrijla !• y the Spitntards. I what lirpll) you plcafc, 'ill be thelieied hunt the fliips coming fium (lie thai bcioic thvy coiue buthwanl in the clay, but ^ht. l•l^>nl the nuin-top he dift I .1 e of about lour e ni ;il lu key of Turks- u.dior n).iy br ken h,y S.b. K. II Wanue* nrijta may be l«ii, bear- ircois bank, the diOanc* the liiuih (tile of Conoit rei f :iie Icveinl diy ji'ih- he bai.k ; and, when vou us to ihe N and N. H. 1 key, which is raher held lide of which '.» at the en- 1 ttie LitUe Cvrcois Kry, ip N. N. £. niid then run L>iinds up more to the eafl- craft can go in ; but the IS far as lainude aa" 5' N. N. W.b. VV. Uiitancc ao dirt. 15 or J 6 leagues. !. 36 leagues. iQ ihanta^o, lo.h may be kable lock : wl.en it bears may be letn With no irore ». S. E. aind keep the lead ir, four and a half, kven, .he afoiclaid rock bears 1 o^ LittU HJ. E. being in length about nd about midway there is a le hipheft pan of the kry le S. W. pt)int ; being the Ibuthward; but the S. W. 3U would water at the pond, e S. W. point, when you r. b. N. (lift, a or 3 miles, jre to look out ioi a goixl ng clear, you may lee the k, and in rainv limes you ry weather. The weftern- oi the ifland, and from it ihfi een, is a Ihallow bay, wilb US aiielow and bud)|^ 'X> AMERICAN COAf?T PILOT. 10 j fxrm the S. W. end of Grtat Heanea^o 10 Ackltn's Kfy, N. N. W. \ W. {14 leagues. From the wrft end of ditto to the French Kfyt, N. h, E. 30 l>'agues. From the fr;nch Ktyito Atwnod'i Kfy, N. N. W. ji KjM,iir.s. From dido fo ihe S. W. point of Maya^uana, K. S. K. 8 leagues. From the well end of Mnyaguana to the wed Corcots, S. £. b. E. SO leaeues. From the weft Cnrcois Key to Cape Francos, S. b. E. 36 lenguci. Jamaica, Wr. THE direft coiirfe fiom Atlavetla (defci'^-d in the foregoing direc- tions) to Point Ah.nfo, on St. Domingo, is W. b. N. dill. 4a leagues. The couric and dillance IVnm Altavella to Cape Tiberon, the louih-weflcrnmolt point of St. Domin/fo, is VV, N. w. 15 leagues; and iVorn Cape- Tiberon to the eall point of Jamaica, it is VV. b. S. | S. ,'}4 league*. As the eaftem pan of Jamaica is very low, i'. is unlafe to run lor ir irt the night. The latitude of the eaft point is 17" 58' N. long. 76° 3' W. f^rom Creenruifk, The Ibuthemmoll high land of Jamaica is Yallih't Hill, which is a very remarkable one. When the fall ot > his hill bears W. b. N. fteering W. {. S. it will carry a veffel a league or mor" to the (Jiuthward of the eait end of the ifland. The latitude will be a guide for Yalluh's Hill ; in 1 7* 50' or fj* 51' it bears W. b. N. Should you t.iJixC this land, bearing W. b. S. 4 ^- 9 Of >o leagues didam, Iviul up to the (buth-weftward, ton to clear the eaft point, making allo.v.inju for a current which frequently feti to the northwkrd. VTeffels, bound for Port Royal from off the eaft point of Jamaica, ftiourj fteer at the diftance of 3 or 4 miles fnini Ihore until you are paft idorant- Bay, to avoid a reef which extends two miles from fliore to the Ibuthward of Roiky.Point, The coafl thence to the entrance of Port-Morant is rocky for about a mile from fhore, and from Port-Morant to Morant-Day it is the liime. From Morant Bay to near ihe while cliff's called the White- Horje.t, the cooft is clear ', but from thofe clifls are Ibme rocks extending nearly half a mile from ftiore. YaUah's Point may be approached within one third of a mile ; from this point to Cow'fiay Point is clear. 1 he latter point is low, and it is, with the coaft to the weftwsrd of Plum- Point, b )ld-;o. Thecourfe from Cow-Bay Point to Plum- Point is "W. J N. diftance 8 miles. South Jide of Jamaica. Veffels may run bold in with Plum-Point : when you bring Rock-Fort N. b. E. you w II come over a crols-ledge about 8 fathoms, juft as you are out, and in with the leading mark, which is the magazine of Port'Royalon the higheft ptii of StUt- Pond Hill, on the Nab, or the north part of the Apofiles -Battery, on the well fide of Port-Royal harbour, in a line with the magazine of Fort-Charles, Stetr with the bit mark on until abieaft of Lime-Key., and then a little fouthward towards Rachham's-Key, giving Lime- Key a s>ood birth, until Pott-Royal Point ap- pears open between Gun-Key and Rackham's-Key : fteer between the twii keys in mid-channel ; and, having patTed them, fteer direft' y for Porl-Ro'yul Point, until the fall of Yallah's-IIill is brought on the centre of Gun-Key i , J 104 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. this will leaJ between the Point-Knowl (a hard coral bank having but ^wd and a half fathoms on it) and the point of Port-Royal. The channel, al- though but a cabled length wide, is (afe. The flioal you firft. come to is the Middle Ground^ which lies S. S. W. off Plum-Point. The eaftern channel is between Plum-Point and the Mid- die Ground : this is the bed channel, keep well in (hore till the leadings inark is on, ns aforclaid ; then you may go on in fafety. ' Off the Fort-Point, wedward of Gun-Key, arc three knowls, called the Point-Knoiiil, the Harbour- Knowl, and the South Channel Middtt Knowl.—' The bed channel is between the fort and the firll knowl : clofe to tlie fort the water is deepeft. A leading-mark for this clunnel is, to keep Gun-Key a (hip's length open of Yallak's- Point ; the breaft-tnark is, tlie church on the lecond embralure of the fort. The ffarbotir-Knowl of 3 fathoms lies about ijo fathoms to the well* Ward of the point. It is avoided by keeping wiiiun half a cable's length fiom (hore. When paft the point, fteer northward until the Admiral' sPenn, appears to the northward of Gallows-Point, which will lead clear of Old- Fort- Royal and to the anchorage off the dock-yard. The beft anchorage for (hips bound to li;a from Port-Royal harbour is in 9 fathoms : the mark is, a notch on the eafl iide of the high mountain,(called the Leading- Notch) open a little to the eaflv^ard of Fort-AuguJIa, bearing nearly north by cbmpais, and Rarkham's-Key on with Fort-Royal- Point. The channel mod uled h;,- yellels bound outwards is that called the South Channel. You ihould weigh anchor early in the morning, as at that time the current generally fets to the eaftward. The leading-mark is theLeading-. Notch above-mentioned in one with the magazine of Fort-AuguJla, the eaft- emmofl building of the fort. This mark will lea.l (hips drawing 16 or 17 feet water clear through : larger (hips fliould keep tJie notch a very little eaftward of the magazine, until the hummock of Heljhire appears open of Fort Small. This will lead clear of the South Channel Middle Knowl, of 20 feet water. After Heljhire- Hummuck is open of Fort-Small^ the Leading- I^'otch kept a little to the eaftward of the magazine will lead clear between Drunken Man's {ho»l and the SoulhKnowls, which are two fmall knowlt of 23 feet water : when you are to the ibuthwardprtheie knowls, Maiden- Key will appear a (hip's length open of Drunken- Man's- Key. Then bring and keep the leading-mark on as firft dire6led till Portland appears like an ifland, when you will hi clear of all the (hoals. Should the land-breeze fail before you are out of the channel, you muft Anchor : the beft mark for this purpofe is, the Leading- Notch a little open to the eaftward of Fort-AuguJla magazine, and about a mile S. W. by S. of Drnnhn-Man's-Key. The mark, when on-ftiore on the eaft-fide of the Turtle-Heads and Thrtt' Fathom- Bank, is, the church-fteepls upon the magazine of the fort^ and Spdnijh-Town land juft open. From Port Royal to Portland" is S.W. dift. 10 leagues : but you muft keep farther to avoid Wreck- Reef and the key. There is founding fo fee out as to bring the eafternmoft land of Heljhire to bear N. by E. and Rock- Point, or the fouthemmoft land of Portland, to bear N. W. by N.-r-ur from Ppriland-Point id-Rock ;/and K. E. are ng for 8 or 9 miles. AMERICAN COAST PILOT. loi From Portland S. dift. 15 or 14 leagues, lies Portland-Rock. To fail into Withy-Wood Road, you muft keep to the weftward till you ~bring a little round hill in the bay to bear N. or N. by W. (taking care in coming from the eadWard to keep oft fhore fo as to avoid Rock-Point) apd keep the fame bearing as you run in for it, which will bring you in fight of the Old- Fort ; then between you and the hill, in thefe depths, io, 8, 7, 6* 5* 4> i\ fathoms ; then you will be within a mile and a half of the fhore. The fort N. S. is the befl birth, as the boats can fail both on-fhore and on- board, and then Rock- Point will be on with the fouthemmofl pobt of yort' land, bearing £. S. E. From Portland to Pedro- Point is W, b. N. dill. 10 leagues; between which is Milk-River, i little to the weftward of Withy-Wood,ind the going in is much the lame. &ety/ten Great- Point- fiidro and Little- Point- Pedro is Alligator- P mid Reef( a dry key e or 3 miles long. On the infide is 3 fathoms water, and good founaings ; off here and off Point-Pedro, for 4 o*' 5 miles, is ao &tb> oms, Tandy ground, and the edg^ of the foundings runs L. S. E. I'o iail into Black-River coming from the eaftward, you are to keep P«- dro Point open of the Parrattee Point, till you bring the church N. N. £. eaderly, or the church oxi with the gap in the high land, and that will carry you in the befl of the channel. It is full of heads of coral rocks. To anchor in Blucfield's-Bay, coming from the eaflward, you muft keep down by the outfide of the reef, or keep the land to the eaflward open of the point, till you bring the leading mark, which is the overfeer's noufet •nd the tavern, in one, bearing N. E. b. E. ; andj for your anchoring* bring the eaflernmofl point to bear S. E. b. S. ^atfdnnaA'/aAf^r bears about W. b. N. -i N. from BUefields. The coaft between is rocky to nearly two miles from fhore in fome places. The leading mark for going in thete is, to bring the fort norths keeping your lead going, which will lead you in the channel. Wejl end of Jamaica. All round the Wed end of Jamaica it is flat off with good founding for a long way. And between the N. W. point and St. Lucea is Orange-Bay, Greea-Ifland, and Davis'-Covc. Thefe are places which are feldom ufed but by thole who go thither on purpofe to load) and have pilots on board. The way of going into St. Lucea harbour, coming from the eadward, is* to open the harbour, and deer right in, giving the Fort-Point a little birth ; for there is a finall reef which runs off from it, and in the middle of the har< bour is a finall rock, deep all round. North ftde 0/ Jima'iCi. Montego-Bay. In going into this bay from the eadward, you mud give the point a good birth pf j or 6 miles as you come down, Oil account of the reef which runs off, till you open the town, and bring the Gun-Tavern to bear S. £. then ftand in for It, which will carry you clear off the reef to the wedward, and thus run in till you fhut in the point to the northward of the fort : and then you will come in upon fbund- itigs in the bay. To anchor, bring the fort to bear N. b. £. and the Gun» Tavern, £. b. S. then you will have 9, 10, or li fathoms water. In >. ''king hence 10 windward, when Cuba in clear weather is vif\b1e« you may difcern a remarkable hill, the highed on Cuba, called the Copper- Hill, bearing from Montego Point. N. E. did. 34 leagues, and from the ead end of Jamaica N.N. W. by which you may jiidge how ffir you are to windward at any other bearings, N. £. fide of Jamaica. To fail into Port Antonio, coming from fea, bring the eaftem part of the Blue- Mountains to bear S. S. W. and fleer in that td^ AMi^RtfcA^J CdASt IlLOT. courrc, which will bring you in fight of the Commtx^ore's houfe upoil Nd* vy-tjlarld. Keep that on your ftarboard fide, keeping about tnid-chinp"i between Navy-ljland antl the eaft point. There is a reef in the middle o: the eafternmdfl harbour, of lo feet water, which you may anchor without, or go within it. If you choole the latter, you muft keep over to the fort flde till you open a great cotton-tree with a houfe on the eaft fhote ; then you may haul up, and come to anchor in 7 fathoms Water, good hdlding groukid both here and without ; indeed, it is dilRcult to get the anchors out of the ground. To go into the weflem harbour, you muft open the ftore-houfe with thef ■point of I^avy- IJland, or a houfe upon the hill, clear of the point where the King's wharf was ; fteer in for that, which will lead you mto the har- bour, where you may anchor in what place you pleafe. This channel is no itadte than 70 feet wide, with 1,5 or 16 fathoms'water in the middle. In order to foil into Aratto-Bay^ from the eaftward, fteer down for Oreert Cafilt Wind-mill, until you bring Old Shaw's houle (in the middle df the bay) fouth of you : then fteer in direftly for the faid houfe, wKieh will carry you clear to the tveftward of the School-MaJicrSf the only Ihoal in the baV. As the bank is ftecp and narrow, the firft founding is g or 10 fathi cms water ; wherefore you fhould have your anchors clear, and anchor in 6 or 7. fathoms water, When you will be about a quarter of a mile from thd (here. To fail into Pofta-Maria, from the eaftward, the high ifland, which you will fee, muft be kept a little to the larboard bow, fo as to give the north flirt of the iHand a birth of a pidol-lhot : then lulf right in, and anchor clofe under the ifland in 4 or 5 fathoms, within a cable's length of the ifland, tfndpn6anda half of the main: fmal! velFels, drawing lo feet wzter, may anchor between the Ifland and main.— A^oays a pilot. Eleven miles from St. Anne's is Dry^Marhur, a good place for Imall Veflels ; but fh • channel is narrow, and has but 16 feet water. From Dry. Harbour 4 or 5 miles weftward is Ria-Bona, where a fhip inav lie and bring the point N . N.Wj in 8 or 9 fathoms. The bank is ftecp. From Rio Bona to the weltwjrrd is Martha Brae, a bar- hai hour wliere ■veUUs load. The depth ia the channel is 1601' 17 feet. ^ umi mi mmati^^itim.^ ttm rmjiiriiK T. ore's houfe upon Nd* ng about mia-chinp"! 1 reef in the middle or I may anchor without, keep over to the fort 1 the caft Ihote ; then Water, good hdlding lit to get the anchors ic ftore-houre with th«f ar of the poirtt where lead you into the har- :. This channel is no r in the middle. 1, fteer down for Orurt (in the middlp df the aid houle, wHieh will *, the only Ihoal in the unding is g or i o fath' i-s clear, and anchor in irter of a mile from thd high ifland, which you fo as to give the north r right in, and anchor Ic's length of the iiland, zing to feet water, may s that lie any time here! pt to heave their ballad i from the eaftward into JT Galiria Point ; but if It, you mud bring th6 E. I E. and keep it fo, foreiaid, bring the eaft- quarter of a mile, and a the guard-IiOufe on the ile, and the weftemmoft lalf fathoms ^mt^T,(mdy Red Cliff, bearing W. Oche-Rees or Ochoreras-' to the weftward. This I Up and bring the ,vcft- \ fathoms. There is an- ery clear^ your eye may fo. 't. Anne'i h:trbour. Tlw ir, is to go clofe to the Here is al>\'ays a pilot. a good place for i'mall feet water. Rio-Bona, where a fhip »ms. The bank is fteep, mc^ a bar-haibour wIkfc 7 feet. AMERICAN COAST PILOT. i«7 From Martha Brae to MonUgo-Point is 6 or 7 leagues. From Porl-Morant Harbour (on the fouth fide of Jamaica) S. E. b. S. dillant la or 13 leagues, are Port-Morant Keys, or Carrion-Crow Hill, N. N. W. \ W. being the fir ft rifing hill of the Blue Mountains to the caftward. The keys lie from lat. 17° 23' to 17° jo' N. The eafternmoft key ftretches S. |- E and N. \ W. being in length 2950 feet. There are three keys : from the Ibuth end of the eaflernmoll key to the louthernmoft, it S. S. W. and from the weflernmoft key S. W. \ S. from the north end of the eafternmoft key to llie fouthem key S. b. W. and to the weftern keys. S. W. 4W. With Morant-Keys S. W. dift. 4 miles, on founding, there were found {8 fathoms water, ftony ground, mixed with fine red Ipeckcd gravel ; with the kevs S. W. b. S dift. 4 miles, i6 fathoms water ; and with them S, S. W. \ W. dift. 6 miles, 23 fathoms, and the fame ground. To anchor, coming from the eaftward, borrow no nearer the reef than 6 ^thorns. This reef runs down by the north fide of the eafternmoft key, qnd may generally be feen. Steer down to the weftward by it, until you bring the wefternmoft key to bear S. S.. £. or S. E. b. S. then haul in for it, and you may anchor in what water you choole, from i2 to ti, 9, 8, 7 fathoms, white Tandy ground, and at what diftance ydu will from the weft- ernmoft key. Tl>ere is an over-fall which bears, Horn the caft end of Ja- maica, £. b. S. dift. 16 or 17 leagues, having so fathoms water on it ; but it is (eldpm met with, being a narrow one. . Thj^re is a dangerous fhoal, 10 miles long, and 6 broad, called the Formi- gos, lying in an f.. N. E. diredton, with its eaftern part N. E. b. N. 40 miles from the caft point of Jamaica, and its weftern part N. N. E. 35 miles from the fame point. From the N. E. end of Jumaica the body of the ihoal bears N. £>b. E. about 40 miles diftant. The eaftern p.ui is the fhoaleft, having nut, in fome places, more than 14 feet water. A mile to the weftward from the eaftern edge, is from four and a half to five fathoms^ increafing its depth thence weft ward to fix and a half fathoms, where velfels. may anchor in landy ground; thence fuddenly it increafcs to lo^ 13, 15, and eo fathoms. The N.\£. part is in lat. 18'' ^^\' N. long, from Green. V«ch, 75* flS' W. and the S. W. part is in lat. 18° a8^ N, long. 75" 48' W, From the eaft end of Jamaica N. N. W. are the Copper Hills on Cuba, being the higheft land on that part of the ifland. They have been feen and the eaft end of Jamaica at the lame time. They bear from Montego-point N.'34° £. dift, 34 leagues ; whence by their bearings, when they can be {eca, ym may khuw yrhat places you are abreaft of on the north fide of Ja* maica. From the eaft end of Jamaica to 5/. Jago is N. 6" E. 38 leagues. From ditto to Cumberland-Harbomr, N. N. £. 47 leagues. From. ditto to Hooka or Spinck's-Bay, N. 35" E. gt leagues. From ditto-to Navafa, £. N. £^|- N. 2,% leagues. From ditto to Cape Donna-Uaria, E. K. £. 3a leagues. From Navafa to Cape Tiberon, caft-loutherlyy 1 3 leagues. From ditto to Cape Donna-Maria, N. £. b. £. i» leagues. From Cape Donna-Maria to Cape Nicolas, N. E. b. E. 32 leagues.' From Cape Nicolas to the S. W. end of Heantago, N. ^ W. ao leagues. From the S. W. end of Heaneago, to the Hog-flies, N. N. W. 12 leagues. The Hog-Jlies are three patches of dry, low, landy keys, under the mid- dle one of which you may anchor. They ftretch nwth and fouth, and the caft fide is encompalTed with a reef. Trom the Ho^-fiiei to tlie fouth ^art of Aihlin's Key is N. il° W. dift. -":i I'M h-;. io8 AMERICAN COAST PILQT. 45 miles. The firft land ufually feen is that upon the main key ; the fcuth, ernmoft part making like a key by itlelf, though it is joined to the main by a low fandy bank and reef. This fouthem:Tioft point lies in lat. %%' i j' N, The reef runs about the point to the ea ft ward, hut the weft fide is fteep-to, being a bold (hore all the way to the northward, as far as a point on which fbtnd fome trees, v^hereas all the other parts have none. From this point the bank runs N. W. and N. W. b. W. till it meets y^o fmall keys lying to the eaftward oF the Ibuth end of the Long Key, but all upon the lame bank. From the fouth end of Acklin's Key lie the Mireporvois. Tbefe zn a parcel of rocks, fome of them a good height above water, and may be feen three leagues off. There are foundings to the N. E. about two c* threa miles from them. From the (buth point of Acklin's Key to the fouth part of the Lang Key^ the courfe is W. | N. dift. 9 leagues. This key is Iwld-to, fo that you may go within piftol-fliol all the way on the weft fide ; but, as you going ih to yraier at the w«lU of Crooked- IJland. The courfe from the point of the Long Key to the wells is N. N. E. To know exaftly where they are, pals the atoreiaid two openings, ; ou will fee a lovy point ftretching out to the fouthward fr<»m Crooked- JJiamd : on this point arc the wells, four or five in number. It will be proper to run, in by the opjening between this point and the fmall key which is to ihe jbuth^nrd of it, ard there look out for a birth for anchorage, the water heri being very clear. When at anchor, the weftcmmoft !and pf Crookett-IJldnd \t\\l bear W. N. W. All this north Ihore muft Be avoided, as it is very rocky. There is a fmall key at (bme diftancc on the bank, vriihin the jJoint where ^he wells are, which will be ^pen of the poiat, and bear E. b. N. at 'j^our anchorage. From the fouth end of the Long Key to the Bird Rock, •whiA u within a mile of the weft end of Crooked- IJland, is N. dift. 8 kagues. Thif rocH lies in lat. tj" 3' N. and has a reef which runs from the north pjrt of itj about 2 or t miles to the northiprd, and fo to the eafti^rard, rdtind Craoktdz JJlanduA Acklin's iCey. BheSliotts for failing from Jamaica through the Gulf of Florida, with direSliens for the coafts cf Florida and Cuba ; alfo re- marks on the Tortugas^ 9n the Florida Keys and Reef, and on the BahamarlfUnds, AS you &il out of Port-Royal\n the morning with land-winds, whea you weigh anchor, keep well to the weftwardof the Middle Gfoitnd,obfcrv. ing the direfticns before given for P««-,/?ojr«i; or be careful that you d<^ not biiDg tlie church-fteeple over the corner of the wall where the embra. fures are, before yo>» bring Yallah's Hill in one with Lime Key : in fafe you fliould not fee Yallah's fliU or Point, there is, on Helfiire, a i ^ Miw ' ■■i»,hii ?pm i ut all upon the lame •porvois, Thefe ara a fater. and raay he fcen L about two oir tbteoi part of the Lang Key^ is hold-to, fo that you de ; but, as you come i : here the bank fallii mud be careful of^ i(^ AMERICAN COAST PILOT./. 109 js wells is N. N. E. Ta spellings, ; ou vrill Om Ctookcd-ljlani : on t will be proper to run, I key which ia to ihe chorage, the water herfti ooked^IJldnd ytWl bear i, as it is very rocky, within the jjoint where bear E. b. N. at ^^our i Rpck,>M\i\A is witUn . 8 kagues. ThifrocH. n the north pjirt of it^ ail^rard, round Craoktd- tbe Gulf of Florida, I and Cuba ; a/fo re- Keys and Reef, and I with land**winds, whea ! Middle G,ToiLnd, or tack, and ftand in. From Port-Royal Keys to Portland ngS. W. but you muft keep farther to the Ibuthward to avoid WrukRetf, and the keys and fhoals which lie off Old-Harbour. To the Ibuthward ot thole keys is good founding in 16, 18,' or so fathoms. When the eafternmoft point of Heljkire bears N. b. £. anbaaitl, with the fea-windt, and then Rocky Point will bear E. S. £. and b.' in one with the land off Portland. To anchor off ^ tilk river, you muft a£k as for Withy Wood : betwem. this and PtdrOi Point is Alligator- Pond Reef, and Sandy Key, within which is 3 bthoms water, and gooc*. foundings for a long way without it. From Portland Point to Great Pedro Point, is W. b. N. dift. 19 leagues. From Pedro Point S. 7" E. dift. 14 leagues, is the eafternmoft Pedr» Keys. To anchor in q ^thorns water, hard ground, you may bring the eaftenunqft key £ .^ S. dift. 4 or 5 miles, the middle key S. E. {■ S. and the weftern !-,ey, or Savannah Key, S. b. £. 4 E, there is founding for 3 or 4 ' -agues to the weftward in the following depths, 9^ to f, and then to iQ fathoms, hard ground. From Pedro Key S. 30" W. dift. ^7 leagues, is Boxa-Nova ; the weft end of Jamaica bears from Boxa-Nova N . b. E. dift. 50 leagues ; the difference of longitude between is 39 miles. To anchoi* at Boxa-Nova, bring the eafternmoft point of the reef E. N. E. ( or 7 miles diftani, and a (malt fandy key E. S. E. 3 or 4 miles, and the weftemmoft breakers in fight from the deck of a 90 gun (hip bearing S. S. W. and you will have hard fandy ground, in lat. 15' 57' N. The found- ings from a ihip in this fituatip:) S. b. W. j^ cables' length diftant, were lo fathoms; at 3 cables', 8 fathoms; at a mile, 7^ fathoms ; all coarfe iiindy ground. In founding, a rock was found whh 7 fi^t water upon it. The ftiip bore frf«n the rock N. b. W. i W. dift. two and a half miles, and the key E. N. E. two and a half miles. S. b. £. | £. from the ro^k at the ^nowl, at the diftance of a quarter of a mile, there is another kr.Qwl with I '. 'M no AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 4, feci water. Both of them are fteep-to, and not bigger than t boat. TIic (liundinj^s from the key to the {hip one third of the way, 5 fathoms, half of the way, 7}, and three fourths of the way, 8[. The key is about two cables length long, and about one third broad, and (Iretches £. b. N. and W. b. S. It is a good (lation for (hips in a Spanijft war } for moll ihips come this way from the Spanift Main, going to the Jiavannah. . As there is founding off Portland for 8 or 9 miles, fo there is off Pedra for 5 or 6 miles. The edge of the founding runs E. S. li. and W. N. W. bliould you want to go into B^k-River, you muft keep Point Pedro open of Parrattte Point, and t)4l will lead you the outlide of the reef. Keep on till you bring the church to bear N. N. I£. eaderly, or the church Qlt with the g.ip in the high land ; then (leer right in for the church, and ^at will carry you into the bell of the chjintKl. It is full of heads of coral TOck$. The founding comes but narrow at Bluffields Point -, but you may iail down by it, I'rt.'ping the land to the eallward in fight open of the point, un* til you open the leading-mark, which is a little houle upon a ihiall hill, in on^ with the tavern by the water and the riverS iide, they bearing when in one, N, £. b. E. then ilcer in for them till you bring the eailernmod point of the.biy to bear S. E. b, E. and then you will have 4 or 5 iathomi water. . Point Pedro and the S. W. point of Jamaica bear W. N. W dift. 20 leagues. Savannah.la-Mcr bears from BlueJif.Us Point W. b. N, | N. dift. 8 or 9 miles. The leading-mark is to bung the fort north, and keep it lo, which will carry you in the beft. channel. All round the welt end of Jamaica are good regular .foundings. The 5. W. or South Neurit Point lies in latitude i8' 16' N. long. 78^ 33' W. iVpm Greenwich. From, the S. W. end of Jamaica to the Grand Cominas, or Cajmaut the courie is W. b. N. | N. dill. 56 leagues. . F|:oQi the S. W. end of Jamaica. 10 the Littk Cominas, or Cayman^ .is JJ. W.i N. dift.. 35 leagues. , The Cominirack, or Caymankrack, bears from the LiuU Cominas E. N. $. di(l. 9 ot 3 leagu^^: between is a good chatmel, but the Caymanbrack is the boldeft ; for, off the ead end of the LittU Cominas is a reef of a mile or two. The latitude of the Caymanbrack is 19° 56' N. From the />{(out one third broad, and ion for (hips in a Spanijh inijli Main, going to the iilc», fo thevc is off Pedra E. S. E. and W.N. W. I muft keep Point Pedra u the outlide of the reef. [£. eafterly, or the church he in for tlie church, and It is full of beads of coial Point ; but you may fail ght open of the point, un- oule upon a imall hill, in icie, they bearing when in ring the eafternmod point uve 4 or 5 tatliomi water. bear W. N. W dift. 20 V. b. N, i N. dift. 8 or urth, and keep it b, which regular .foundings. The i6' N. long. 78V33' W. md Cominas, or Caymaut Cominas, or Cayman^ .is the LiltU Cominas E. U» el, but the Cuymaniritfk Cominas is a reef of a mile 56' N. is W. S. W. diftance 18 lil or 5 broad. The fouth. in lat. 19° »7' N. From e Ibore ftretcnes W. b. S. lint there is a reef of rocks. Erom thcS. W. point : between is a place called which you may anchor^ . diftance a mile from the : where you let go your be fouth fide of the JJU of le S. E. hde of the Ip of , b. S. 32 leagues ftom tlw but the bank being very veatefj it is very dang^cgwdt AMURICAN COAST PILOT. Hi t'he keys all together are called the Jordans. The ifland itfelf is pretty bold all the way to the (buthward and S. W. fides. From the N. W. end of the Grand Cominas to the fouth fide of the IJle of Pines, is N. W. J W. dift. 48 leagues. From the weft end of tlie Grand Cominas to Cape Corttas, or Corientet% the courfe is N. W. \ W. dift. 76 leagues. The cape is in ht. 31' 54' N,' The fouth fide of the tjl^. of Pinet lies in lat. ai' 31 N. and the hills in' tt" 57'. With the hills Ii. N. E. is the going in between you and them ; fo that, when you come in between the Little Key and Key Blanco, the dift:ance between them' is 4 leagues. In working in, you muft keep in mid-chaimel ; the depth ot water is three or three and a half fathoms : but you (hould keep your lead going for about a mile to the northward of the Little-Key, becaufe there i.i a fpit of 1 3 feet water. When you have wrought up a good way in the bay, the depth will increafe to 5 or 6 fathoms ; but you may go within one and a half mile of the north ftiore, and there anchor in four and a half, three and a half, or 3 fathoms. There is plenty of fifti and turtle in feafon to be had here : there is alfo a running river of frelh water. If you afcend the hills to take a view of the iHand and adjacent lands, you will crol's over three little rivers, and pafs feveral fprings. To the weftward of this hay is Pkilippa-Bay, with gradual foundings on theoutftdeof the Sandy Keys, they making feveral inlets. At the weft end of this bay is Cape Gunnati, which is a bluff-point, and off it is a reef of rocks for 4 or 5 miles. Three leagues to the weftward of this cape, be- ing within a mile of the fhore, we fet the weftemmoft part of the high land of Cape Bonivafia, or Bonavijla, which bore N. Being then at the maft- head, we (aw over the land next us, and about three or 4 miles on the infidc ; nothing could be feen but a fand for 3 or 4 leagues more, as if the fea had been there ; and beyond that a low barren land as far as the high land, the neareftof which was judged to be 15 or 16 miles off. Judging ourfelves fo many miles iouthward of thofe hills, we reckoned the courle and di(bnce to Cape Corentas, or Corientes ; but, before we got there, the hills came en a line each over the other ; and then they bore N. N. E. from us. Off Cape Corentas is a flat reef ftretching from the point for 3 or 4 miles. You may come to anchor for watering, by bringing the point or cape to S. £. b. S. in 5 fathoms. One and a half or two miles diftant. There are fev- eral wells of tolerable good water, and there is alfo a good roUing^way from the well. This is right on-(hore, a little within the point. But, for wood- ing, go farther up in the bay, where there are falt-water ponds. Whilft you lie there, you may look over the land from themaft-head, and fee whatever is coming from the eaftward ; whence a judgment may be form- td of the height of the land. And now to work the diftance from Cip^Corentas to Cape Antonio, and thence N. N. W. dift. 5 leagues, where there were 15 fathoms water ; the high land of Bonavijla bearing from us, by account, E. \ N. dift. 33 leagues. From the main>top-gallant-maft-head of a 30 gun fhip, may be (een the top of three finall hills, bearing as before; and Cape Antonio, bearing S. S. E. dift. 5 leagues. Going to England with a fleet of merchantmen, we kept Working off the weft end of the Colarados with the wind northerly, and we came 4n !<> as to bring t\x Little Dry. Key on the Colarados to bear E. northerly, dift. 6 or 8 miles, and from the reef 2 miles, being then in lat- itude 23° %^ N. As the wind was northerly we flood to the weftward, and nude up the diftance from the Colarados 14 miles before we lowered the view of the hilll of Cape Bonavijta to the £im« tefemblaiice we had fe eri If 'IM h't ;■ til AMERICAN COAST PILOT, before. Thus we found that the Colarados-Retf wu L u' to the eallward of our (ird fUtion, or 9 miles eaflnf Cape AntOHto. Being io nex,\ the Colaradot-Ree/-', I went to the mad-head and made my obfervations -, at Ibme diliance on the inftdc I faw clear water (as we call it in the lyejl- Imlies) and obferved, to the bed of my judgment, that the Ibuth- cmmod end terminated in a point. To be iure of which, we ilood in to the luuthward of the reef, lb f;ir as to bring the iupiiortd point north of us, and the key N.N. E. and, wiien we i-ime upon ioundings, (which continued all the way round from Cape- Land to the Colarados-Reef,) the fouthemmod p.)int of the reef bore about W. b. N. from the liDuthernmod part of the high land of C;ipe Bonnvijla. Knowing how far this high land is to the wedwird, and alio the latitude of the reef, you may thence make out your Kcount for tailing all that way. An important remavlc to be made, when coming from the Havannah, is, that, when you are but a littlt way nortli of the MorcCaftU, you can but juft lite ihe lop of the SadtiU-Hill ; and, when ib tar to ihe wedward as to bring the SaadU-Hdl fouth-eaderly, to the like height as before, in latitude aj" ,56' >J. lieing 20 leagues tlifK;rence of latitude troni the foot of the iSdu^. dU-HilL and coming along fhnre to the w^dward, the top of it may be leen the lame height, over the long flit hill, nearly as before, it bearing £. north- crly, when within two miles of the reef ; then the wedernmod high land of Cape Bo'iavifla bears fouth-eadcrly ; in that, krepir.g the Saddle- Hill optn of the land to the wcdward, or the Notch of the Lockf'-Combs open, )ou will be iure n> keep clear of the Colarados-Rf.ef. Theic remarks, with the b ble by two fmall bluff-keys. 'I'his river is 4 Itragues to the wedward of the Bay oiHunda. firing the Saddle-Hill S. Vv^ b. W. and keeping that bear- ing will le^d you into the harbour, for it is improperly called a bay, the going in being (carce half a mile broad, though, within, a nun>I>er of fliips may lie. There ua frefli water river called the river Hunda, S. £. ftaai the little ifland in the middle of the harbour, on which little ifland there is alio a fredi well, yielding about 10 or la tons of water before it is ex- handed, and ibon HUing again. From Hunda-Bay to Porta-Cavanna is 4 leagues, and thence to the Havannah 18 leagues more, with Ieveral inlets between, but unknown to us. The land is very remarkable for 5 leagues. To the wedward of the Havannah is a table-land called 'Jable-Marial ; and the two lit- tle hills, called Maiden- Paps, art alio remarkable. Bring thefe Paps S. b. £. the Mora Caftlt being between you and it, and you may run in- to the Havannah. The Moro-CtLfiU is no left remarkable, and clofe by its foot are 13 fathoms water. From the Havannah to the reef of the Tortugas-Bank, is N. b. W. did. about 37 leagues ; and from the Havannah to the place where the Englid) ihip Looe was cad away,' fmce called Looe-Key, is N. £. b. N. did. ja leagues, which key lies io latitude a4'' $af N. pad the bank and key dretch wefk-ftooa it. ='ii:?-,?S:-*J»8S«»5' .OT. ma fu ur to the eallward nia(l-hewl and made my -.[ear water (as we call it jad^ment, that the Ibuttt- which, we (loodin to the d point north of us, and idin^s, (which continued ts.Reef,) the fouthemmod outhernmoil part of the this high land is to the ay thence make out your g from the Havannah, is, .UorcCtiftU, you can but tar t(> ihe wedward as to :ight as before, in latitude trciTi the foot of the Sair.g the Saddle-Hill open Corkt'-Combs open, )Ou Theic remarks, with the les Ihew you bow far you • Comhs W. N. W. ladward of them 4 leagues, he An^tilar-Key ; from it, S. \V. and eallward of it :n it bears S. | E. then is vhich liver is diftinguiflia- lies to the weftward of the W. and keeping that bear- lei I y called a bay, the going a nuniber of (hips may lie. nda, S. £. from the little i little ifland thcr; is alio if water before it is ex- eagues, and thence to tfao ts beiwcen, but unknown agues. To the weftward Marial ; and the two Ut- ile. Bring thefe Fapt S. it, and you may run in« ik remarkable, and clofi: tugas-Bank, is N. b. W. mah to the place where ince called LooC'Rey, is s in latitude t^" jo' N. P AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 113 From the Havannah to the Matanxts is aa or aj leagues, and the land between tticni is remarkable. The coaft lies almoll eall and weft. The Hcvannali and the bay of Matanzts lie bnili nearly in lat. at" 14' N, From the Matitnzrs to Loot- Key is north- wefterly, 35 leagues. From the Matanzcs to the North-key of Ciil/a is eaft, ao leagues ; froia the lame North-iey to the weft end of Key-Sd, loith, a leagues. From Key-Jel to the Double-headed Shut, upon the fame bank, is N. N. W, 4 or 5 leagues. From Kty-fel to the Matanzes, W. S. W. aa leagues. From the Double-headed Shot to Cape tlorida Reef, N, W. by N. ig or 19 leagues. From ditto to Cat-key, N. E. by N. 24. lingues. Coming round Cape Antonio, do not com.: too near the Colarados, be. caule the current is like a tides-way, or •<« one of the points of the river Thames. If you prelumi; to go dole by tin- point, it is a hundred to one if you are not caught in the eddy. When i hi liigh land of Cape Bonavijia. was ken from the mafthead bearing eaft, tho current was tried, and found 10 let N. W. at the rate of one mile an huuf, and trying it two or three miles oil the Colarados, it went S. S. W. at the rate of i4 mile an hour : lb that, coming from Cape Antonio, it is bcfl to fteer north (allowing for the reefs to the N. N. W. of it) till you get into latitude of 23" and the* to the eaftwaid ; for, were you to keep in Ihote you would have the S.W, current as far as the eaftcrnmoft part of the Cock's Combs land. IJut, wlieii you get fo far as Key-Grande to the weftward, you will get on fafter, and Hnd the current part : when we brought the notch of thfc CoCki' Combs E. S. E. and by Key Letvi/a, we faw a turtle crawl, and fent our biat on Ihore, and, though not gone four hours, we were driven from Iter 6 or 7 miles to the weftward, notwithftanding we ftrove to keep near- er, but could not. So that it is not the beft way to keep in fliore, till you are got to the eallward of Key-Grande. If you would go into the Bay of Hunda, you are to keep in by the reef that runs oft the eaft point, by your lead, and haul up fouth, or S. by E. and fo keep up the eaft ftiore till you come to a low point, from which runs a fpit or fhallow water. Give this a birth, then haul up to the eaft, and anchor in 6 or 7 f*thoms, where the little ifland wi'l bjar S. or S. S. W. As you are working up to go through the Gulph, be fure that you get fo far to the eaftward as to bring the Pan of Matanzes to bear S. or S. by E. before you put over for the Gulph, and then 'he moft common courfe is N. N. £. Remarks on the Dry Tortugas, coaft of Florida, t^c. The Tortugas confift of ten fmall iflands or keys, extending E. N. E. and W. S. W. for 10 or II miles, at the diftance of about 30 leagues from the neareft part of the coaft of Florida, 40 fixim the ifland of Cuba, 14 from the wefternmoft of the Florida-keys. They are all very low, but fome of them, covered with mangrove-bufties, may be feen at 4 leagues diftance. The fouth- wefternmoft key (which» in going from Penfacola, MoUte, or the Mijijippi, is the comer to be turned, and coming from Cape Antonio^ the pomt to be avoided) lies in 24" ja' Nt latitude, and about 83' 50^ W, »■■■■■<»<■■ -fW 114 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. longitudr, from the loyal ohlervatory at GretniDuh, The variatlnn of (he comnaii, by a nietliiim of loveral ohIcrvHrions, is 7 degrees call. A rtef of coral-rocks runs about a quarter of a mile 8. VV. from thin key, the water of which is «lircoloured ; atul, in general, wherever there is danger, it may eafily be feen from the maft-head in the day-time. There i* a large bank of brown coral ro'.k", intrrmixnl with white patches of find, nbout 5 or 6 miles to the weftward of the Tortugat, with very irrejjular foundings, fioin fix to twelve fathoms. The bottom appears very plainly, and, though it may be alarming to ftrangers, yet there is no danger. You will find from jj to 17 fathoms between this bank and the Tortu^ax. If you are br 6 fathoms, under the lee of the loMg tiindy iflancl to the northward of the b. W. key, about a quarter of a mile off fhore. The bank of Ibunuings extends only about 5 or 6 leagues to the fouth' ■ward of the Tortu^as, but much farther to the weltward, and all the way to the northward along the Florida fhore : this is a favourable circumftance for the lifety of navigation in thofe parts, as caution in founding may pre- vent anv dai Jfr in the night ; for, the Ibundin^s are extremely regular all along this bank to the northward, alnioft to Cape St. Btaizt, in lat. agT 4a' ; lb that, by tlie latitude and depth of water, we may generally know how far Wi are to the raftward or weftward. From the depths of so to ,^9 fathoms, is a (pace of feveral leagues ; but from 50 or 60 it deepens quick- ly to 70, 80, and (bon after no ground. From the bar -of Penfacola to the D-y Turiui^at the true courfe is S. ^0' E. dillance 13,} leagues, and therefore S. E. b. S. by the conipalk will cany you clear of them to the weftward ; but it will be both prudent and necef- iary to found frequently when you get into the latitude of 26" and as", and never ftand into lels than 30 fathoms in the night till you arc paft the latitude of 24" 30', when you muft haul up S. E. b. E. or E. S. £. which will carry you near to the JIavanna/i. There is a braid channel over the bank, to the eaflward of the TortugaSf of 10 or i-j fathoms, which, in going to and from the coaft of JVefi FtoridOf &c, might occafionally cut off a great deal of the diibnce ; but that paffage is by no means to be attempted, unlefs you can fee the Tortugas diftindlyf and keep within two or three leagues of the eaftemmoft of themt as there is a coral bank of only twelve feet at the diftance of 5 leagues ; and farther on towards Cnvo Marques, the wefternmoft of the Florida-keys, there is a very datigerous and extenftve bank of quick-land, on many parts of which there is no more than 4 or 5 feet water. It is of a remarkable white colour, and may be eafily Icen and avoided by day-time. Penlacola, with the coajl adjacent. From Cape Antonio, the weft end of Cuba, make your courfe good N. b. W. \ W. and you will fall in with fome part of Rofe-IJiand ; but, from extraordinary currents, and fuddenly changing, you may fall in many leagues to the eaftward or weftward of that illand ; therefore it will be neceilary to oblerve the following direftions. A current has been found to fet from S. E. to E. b. S. for at Ifeaft 70 leagues from the coaft ; but, as you approach the land, you will find the cunent to let a point or two off fliore : if you fliould fall in to the eaftward of Cape St. Btaize, ydu will have 10 or la fathoms, coral rocks, and no fight of land ; bit, if on the meridian of Cape St. Maize, you will Ihoal from 16 to 7 in a quarter of ji mile, and then the land Will bs juft in fight a or 3 ratlings up. The land about CapeSf. Blaizeh%XM\y in fight from the deck, in clear w-'ather, are i^anv Ihoals and (ifMng riplings ; but generally not lefs than 4 ^thorns on them, 'i'o the wcAwardkire gradual luuiidings dole to ibe beach, if you bXi t^ mtii^gffffgg^ ju^t f } I I j iii iTH^ \V The variation of iTse et^ren call. A reef of )in thiii key, the water there is danger, it may iiere i* a large bank of of Tind, about 5 or 6 (•i',\il.ir foundings, fioin laii.ly, and, though it You will find from J. h a Arnng eaflerly gale, :oine to an anchor in 5 the northward ot the 6 leagues to the fouth* Iward, and all the way "avourable circumftance 1 in founding may pre- rc extremely regular all St. Btaize, in lat. 29* we may generally know the depths of 20 to ,(,9 or 60 it deepens quick* le true courfe is S. 30* y the conipalk will carry both prudent and necef- atitude of 26" and 2^% ight till you are pad the b. E. or E. S.E.. which ftward of the TorlugaSf le coo ft of IVeJl Florida^ (hnce ; but that palTage the Tortugai diftindly, imoft of them> as there )f 5 leagues ; and farther Florida- key Sf there is a on many parts of which remarkable white colour, Antonio, the weft end of i you will fall in with currents, and fuddenly vard or weftward of that following direflions. I E. b. S. for at Ifeaft 70 land, you will find the lid fall in to the eaftward oral rocks, and no fight of will Ihoal from 16 to 7 in I fight 2 or 3 ratlings up, the deck, in clear wsather, lot lets than 4 fathoms on } the beach, ifyou&ilto* AMERICAN COAST PILOT. U5 tlie weftward of Cape St. Blaitt, and to the eaftw.ird of Pfnjtuota, the land is dilo iitablc hy the trenching of the cuaft, and by numhcis of while iand-hills, like iiiow drifted among the bufhcs, and in fome places tdwered up like hou[ei. Ro/t-IJlund is to be known by ftanding info 9 or 10 fathoms; then from the maft-head you will dilcover a narrow ft rand of fand, moftly without rices, and the water over the illand. Should you fall into the weflwaid of Peiifacola, you will find the coaft trenching away, and a linooth even beach, witli the woodland rlofe to the watcr-fide, oblerving that the foundings farther to the wedward lie not above 10 or 15 leagues from fliore, and inclinable to the clay or Ibft muddy ground ; but abreaft of Cape St. Blaize is (mail landy ground, and lu the eaftward aie coral rocks, ftoncs, and cairft- gravel. The Chandeliers, I/orn- IJland, and l)auphin'.f-IJland,ha\f likewife a fmooth beach and gradual loundings clofe to the fhorc. Two miles within the weft end of 7?(//t;-/y?rtR(/ are many fti.iggling trees, and a fort, where they (ire a gun at the approach of any ftiip : the eaft end is woody for two liiilcs. There is a ftronger current in the wintcr-time than in fummer, occafion- ed by prevailing N. W. and N. N. W. winds, which immediately caufe a general ebb fiom all the bays and inlets on the coaft, and kt to the eaftward a point or two oft O^ore ; at which (ealbn a foutherly wind, which is a dead wind on that coaft, is a forerunner of a N. W. wind in a few hours; fo that no one, knowing themli-lves to be to tin' wedward of Cape St. Blaize^ flwuld haul from the land exceeding 17 or 16 fathoms water, left they fliould not be able to get the land on board again fur the above current and N. W. winds. There ik no houfe along ftiorc from .Cape St. Blaize lo Mobile Point ; but to the weftward in every inlet are houles, and Ibme people of confid- erable property. To the eaftward of ii^ejl Belloxi, on the coaft, is fit only for niiting ftock ; but to the weftward is as rich foil as any in the world. The river Ibbcrvillt is choaked with wood, but great pains are taking i(x dear it. Remarks for the Florida-Keys and the Reef contiguous. CAYO-M ARQUES, which is the wefternmoft of the range of Ftor-. ida-ieys, lies about E. ^ S. 1 7 leagued from the S. W. key of the TortugaSf in lat. 24° 28'. There is a clufter of 8 or 9 mangrove iflands that go un- der that nam6, the northenimoft of which is the largeft, being near two leagues in extent from weft to eaft : to the weftward and north-weftward of Cayo-Marques there is a large bank of quick-land extending about fix leagues ; and, nearly due fouth from the weftem extiemity of this bank, lies the weft end of the General Florida Reef, in ht. 24° 20', being the (buthemmoft part of the whole. There is a channel between the reef and the above-mentioned bank, and likewife all along between it and the keys, in many places upwards of 4. miles broad. The reef at the weft end is about 3 miles broad, but the leaft water on it is 5 fathoms, with irregular foundings to 7 and 8 ibthoms ; it is all difcoldured water, white and brown patches of [and and coral rocks, and the bottom plainly appears. The reef, in general, is very deep on the fouth fide, there being from 20 to 30 fathoms, muddy bottom^ within ahouti a mile or two of it. u 'J'! I m 'I 'A' it I Wi. ir ^^-_-. -NiMuMM^-^. ^ff/mmfm ti5 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. TIjere is from 7 to lO f»lhom» in the channel, to the weft ward of Cayo Marques, ind 3| fathoms is the Icifi water on the reef. Abrrafl of Cd^o Alarquet •j\ fiithunis, foft mud, is the dee pe ft water m the chantirl, and ;){ the Icaft water on the reef. Juft to the caftward of Ctyo Marqun, there is a Urge ojjeniiig, called hy the Spaniards Boca Grande, wliuh \s upw^irds ot two leugurs in bnadti, and has 1 channel through to tiic northward uf 9 or 10 I'eei, htit. it i« itot to be recommended to ftrangrrs. Cayo Iluejfi) is the firft illand of any tonli'HUfnce to the eartward of Cityo Marijuet, at the diftancc of 9 )fu);uc.i. '1 heie is a pnel of li.itiertd man- grove illands between Boca (irande a(id it ; the three (oulhrriiiivi'l of which have white landy beaches. Cayo Jlitfjfo (or Key ll'e/l, as it is cor- ruptly called by the iCnglifh) is 7 milc» in lengtli, and has a l.indy i^each on tlie foulh fide ; the trees are very thick unon it, i'l[jecialiy at the wift end, round which there is a lafe and convenient hiibour, with a channel of 4 fathoms into it. You muft keep within lets thin a cable's length of the N. W. point, which is renarkable for a finglc b.ifhy liee aitd a turtle- crawl ; and come to an anchor in 3} or 3 J tathonis, about half way between it and a fmall mangrove illand which Via, alxvut a mile 10 the northward uf it. The beft anchoring ground is ne.ir the eaft b^nk ; for, there is loiue fmall coral near the middle and weft pait of the liai^Mxir. Thiit harbour is frequented by the turtlers and wreckers from Provideme, and likcwile the fiftiingcraft from the JIavan>iah, who find it convenient on account of a channel through the bank to the northward, in their way to the cuaft of Florida. The S. W. point of Cayo Ilue/o^ii in lat. i^° 29' N. and long. 8a' 33' W. from the Royal Obiirrvatory at Greenuiih, and lies nearly due north from the Havannah, about 27 leagues. The wedernrtoft fandy key on the reef lies '^rce leagues S. S. W. from Ca^o Hurjfii, in lat. Z4'* 23'. A large pole is erettcd ujon it to make it more conluicuous. There is a dry paich of rocks on the reef,aboul 4 miles to the WL'ftward ; and another about 2 miles to tlie eaftward ; thence you have 3 and 3 fathoms on the reef for about 5 miles to the eaftward of the key ; but, when you bring the weft end of Cayo Huejfo to bear about N. N. W. or N. b. W. | W. there is a fair channel of 4^^ or 5 fathonA over the reef ; and, when you get into 6 and 7 fatiioms loft mud within the reef, keep more to the weftward, obferving to give the S. W. point of Cayo Hue£o a birth of about three quarters uf a mile, on account of a rocky Ipit that runs off from ir. , The chlhnel within the reef between Boca Grande and Cayo Hueffo is in J;eneral about 3 miles broad, and the decpeft water is 6 and 7 fathoms', line and and clay : there are two or three patches of coral rocks with 2^ and g fathoms water, nearly in roid-chaimel, lying about S. S. £. from the weft end of Cayo Hurjfo, At the eaft cud of Cayo ^luejfa there is a fmall opening called Bocha Chica, which leads to an inhnite number of i'mall mangrove iflands, but nothing except a canoe can pafs quite over through the ftioals. About 7 miles S. S. E. from Bocha Chica, there are three fmall fandy keys on the reef ; between the wefternmoft and middle one, there is a chan- nel of 4 fathoms over the reif, and another of 2^ fathoms between the mid- dle and eafternmoft key ; but for 10 miles to the eaftward of thefe keys^ the reef is broad and dangerous, there being in Ibme places dry rocks, and in general it is full of funken rocks 4 or 6 feet under water, with crooked channels of 4, 6, and 7 fathcms bfiween them. Seven milts to the eaftward of Bocha Chica there is a finall ifland with a lie weftwanl of Cayo ccf. Abirjft of Cd^tf n the channri, and 3} rge opening, called by 'o leagues in bnaditi, 10 feel, bill it w itot > ihe eaflward oi Cayo ic°el of k.itteri'd inan- ihree (oiiiber'nno'l of Key If'e/l, as it is tor- d has a l.indy i^each uti :ially at the will end, r, with a channel of i^ cable's length of the hy lice ainl a tiiitlc- uiut half way between : 10 the northward of k ; for, there i» Ibnie our. This harbour is 'erne, and likcwile the ciiieui on account of a ir way to the cuall of N. and long. 82* 33' lies nearly due north leagues S. S. W. from d u^ on it to make it I the reef, about 4 miles eaflward ; thence you o the eaftward of the lejfo to bear about N. 4^ or 5 fathonA over t mud within the reef, S. W. point of Cayo ccount of a rocky Ipit and Cayo Hiicjfo is in ; 6 and 7 fathoms', fine al rocks with 2^ and S. S. £. from the weft opening called Bocha mangrove iflands, but he {hoals. zn three fraall Tandy le one, there is a cban- )ms between the mid- aftward of thefe keys, >laces dry rocks, and in • water, with ctotjked , is a (mall ifland with a AMERICAN COAST PILOT. ««7 remarkable high blufTof tree^, which in mofl views appeari in the fliape of a faddle. It has an opening at each ''nd into « lar^ (hallow bay, border- ed with innumerable mangiove itlandi to the noithwanl. Th»" general com "f the chain of illjiids turn\ gradually to the nnithM||-d of call from Cayo iJuffo. At the difhnce of 7 leagues from tlie weft end of Cayn lliujfo, there are Icvful large illaia!? covered with piiie-rrees, which cmtinue all the way to Baliia Honda, for th. fpare of 4 leagues farther on to the cadward ; but llpfe pine-ifliiul' are borderei! with mangrove keys on the ibuth, ami there arc ''eral openu g-. 'J"'"? through to the northward, but they are lo IhaU ItiW as lo be oidy palf.iblc in boau and canoes. Loot-key (lo called ftom the Mrififh fhip Lcnr bein;? caO awav there) is a fmall landy ill.ind on the nef, 9 le.iguis fidin the well cnHi | .i ILOT. f the reef and the chain of Lum to the channel between re two or three limall coral Jilt 2\ or 3 miles S. S. E. 6 fathoms all round them, ere about 5 miles broad. — I till you are pad the three sf grows broader and the (l water. In the narrowell d of Looekty, the channel le deeped water. But, as er again, and deeperts to 5, %ia Hondat the channel is continues about the fame general remarks concerning nely, that you will have 3 and that you will always nds that go by that name, uagues, the eademmoft of s about 5 miles, and there Key liivoras is 5 milea ble for a high hummock of of Old Matacumbe the dif- n a N. K. direftion. The le top, appearing at a dil- ' and longitude 81° 30'. — tacumbt, where veffcls not r in 3 fathoms, fecure from >f a imall idand, called /n- ngth off Oiore, where you lu get into a and 3 fathomii le north end of MatacumbCf I plainly thews iifelf by the s only 2 or 3 feet water. — Matacumbe, and it is all a hward of Matacumbe the [le main land, about 6 or 7. vilhin Cayo Lar^o, &c. but h fome Imall channels of 5 ry broken ground as far a* Mtches of coral rocks, with to the furface, particularly out 7 or 8 miles off (hore, feet off the middle of Ke)f 10 feet off the weft end of It there are channels of at reen them. iral rocks in the channel bc- w, the larged of which ha* from Cayo Sombrero, wi* 1^ ¥; AMERICAN COAST PILOT. u^ ■bout a miles off Key Yuccas. There are feveral other Tmall patches of 5 and 6 feet to the N. E. of it ; but in the day-time all thefe flioals appear very plainly at a diftance, being of a brown colour ; and, as it is unfafe run- ning m the night, it is always necellary to come to anchor, through the whole extent of the channel. From Cayo Vaccas' fhoals, the channel ftill continues to be 3 or 3 miles broad to the eaftward of Matacumbe ; 4 fathoms is the deeped water, but two and a half and three fathoms is the general depth along Key-Bivoras, at two or three miles didance. We have hitherto purpofely omitted mentioning where frefh water may be found among thole keys, to avoid confufion, and to bring into one point of view lb necelfary an article for thofe who may have the misfortune to be diipwrccked, or otherwilc be in want of it. There is no drinkable water on the Tortugas, nor any where till you come to the weft end of Cayo Hu- tj'o, where there are feveral wells dug in the fond. The water is pretty good, efpccially after rain ; but fomettmes you will find it a little brackifh, in which cali; the* bed wiy is to dig a new well, which is foon done, and you will find the water much better than what has been ftanding in the old wells. At Bahia Honda there is very good frefh water to be got in the fame manner, and on the Ibuth fide of Cayo Vaccas, about 8 miles from the wed end, there are likcwiie frefh water wells, on the eaft fide of a narrow opening, with a fandy beach on each fide of it. Theie are the only places among the keys (at lead as far as we know) where frefh water is to bs got by wells ; but there are feveral fredi-watet fwamps and natural refeivoirs among the rocks; particularly a large one on the north fide of Key-Vaccas, about 6 miles from the weft end, where the water never fails. It lies in a valley about 100 yards from the beach, a lit- tle to the weftward of three mangrove idands. There is likewife frefli water to be got fbmetimes among the rocks at the weft end of Key-Vaccas, and the fmall iflands to the weftward of it, befides at the weft end of Duck-key, and feveral other places. In general, wherever there is a rocky foundation, there is a chance of finding frefh water, efpecially after rain. But the principal watering-place is at the north end of Old Matacumbe, where there is a natural well in a rock, about 4 feet deep, which is conftant* ly full of excellent water, being a kind of fpring. On this account Mata- cumie is much frequented by the wreckers and turtlers, as there is no freih water for ihany leagues to the eaftward. Neta Matacumbe lies upwards of 2 miles to the north-eaftward of Old Matacumbe, and is 4 miles long in a N. £. dire&ion. It is covered with thick tall trees. At the eaft end of it there is an opening about half a mile wide, with a fmall mangrove idand in the middle ; then a mangrove ifland near 2 miles long, which is feparated by a narrow channel from a large idand near 7 miles in length, covered with high trees of various kinUs. This ifland has no name, either by the Spaniards or Providence people, biit goes under the general appellation of Cayo Largo, though it is feparated from it by a narrow channel. Key-Tavtrnier (or Cayo Tavano, as it is called by the Spaniards) is a fmall ifland about two miles from tlie S. W. end of Cayo Largo, and five leagues N. E. from Old Matacumbe. There is very good anchorage, a little to the northward of it, for fuch vedels as frequent the coaft. Cayo Rodrigues, a pretty large mangmve Ifland, without any firm ground, (the roots of the trees being condantly overflowed.) likewife lies off Cayo Lafgo, at the didance of 5 miles N. E. b. N. \ N. from Tavemier, It is in lat. 25° N, and long. 81° 15' W, From hence, the coaft of Cayo Lar- yj£ ISO AMERICAN COAST PILOT. go, which here appears like main land, turns quickly N. N. E. and N.b. E. to north, for which reafou Cape Florida ought to be reckoned Ibmewhere hereab at, though there is no particular point of land known by th&t name to the people of Providence, who feem to be bed acquainted with thofe |>arts. There are no Oioals on the reef oppofite to Old Matacumbe, except that off the S. W. end above mentioned ; hut there is a large patch of coral rocks bearing £. S. £. 6 or 7 miles from the north end of OLl Matacumbe, on which there is only four o. iifre feet water. The reef comes within lels than three niles of Radrigues, where you have only 7 and 8 feet, attd 3 lathoms is generally the deepefb water in the channel all along. From this large (heal oH Rodrigues, wliich forms a kind of elbow, the Satches of contl rocks are faid to increal'e in number and dimenftons, forming ouble and treble reefs, with.fmall channels of deep water through them ; but, as I can add nothing farther from my own knowledge, I (hall leave the iubjed: for the prelent. Defcription of the Harbours, Shoals, ^c. of the Eaft End of the" IJland of Cub I ; vAth Remarks, hiftruciious, i^c. CAPE-CRUZ bears from the weft end of Jamaica N. b. E. j E. dift. 27 leagues, in the latitude 19° 50 N. It is a low level land with a bluff point : the eaft fide ftretches in N. N. E. and N. E. b. N. for 4 or 5 leagues. Without it, is an ifland called Bird- IJland, which makes a good harbour ; for, vefTels hiay fail through between it and the land. It is ^fi> a good place for wooding and watering, and tliere is plenty of fifli. You mull make very bold near the (hore, otherwife you will be apt to mifii the en- trance, becaufe it lies obfcurdy under ihe other land. There is alfo, be- tween this and St, Jago, feveral little places where fmall craft may go in, but with which, as yet, we are not fo well acquainted as to be able to give an accurate defcription of them. The Copper HiUs are high, round, and picked land, about Ij; or 16 leagues from Cape Cruz, and about 26 leagues to the we(l\vard of Ht. Jago. They lie a little way inland, may be feen from moft prts of the north fide ^d[ Tamaica, and make pretty much alike at all bearings from thence. The Moor.Caftk of St. Jago lies in lat. 19" 5a'. When the eaft point of the entrance of St. Jago b«irs N. E. then is the innermoft battery (hut in with the weft point. From St. Jago to Cumberland-IIarbovr is eaft, dift. 12 leagues ; and, when you come fo far to the eaftward as to bring Cumberland- Harbour north, dift. 5^ or 6 miles, then tlie land to the weft ward of Cumbtrland-Har' iour and the Meor-caJlU will be in one, thov bearing W. f N. by compafs, and the outermoft land to the eaftward E. N. £. From hence may be feen the illand of Grandtance bearing E. S. E. { E. and then the obferved lati- tude was ig" 45'N. ' The foundings are good 2 or 3 miles without Cumberland-Harbour, but there is a funken rock en the ftai board fide going in, about a quarter of a snile friom the (hore, of 20 feet water. Otherwife the (liore is bold, and " gocd^room to work in it, except off the fouth (hore, where Augu/la-River fomet out, there being a bank oJF fand and mud by all means to be avoidii* til ixa'-'fi Mill iitiiafWHiiiianj* LOT. :kly N.N.E.andN.b.E. to be reckoned Ibinewliere f land known by th&t name )e{l acquainted with thofe Id Matacumbe, except that : is a large patch of coral rth end of OLl Malacuinie, The reef comes within lefs only 7 and 8 feet, and 5 nuel all along, brms a kind of elbow, the >erand dimenfions, forming deep water through them ; nowledge, I ikall leave the of the Eaft End 0/ the' bifiritCiiouSy fsff . )F Jamaica N. b. E. j E. is a low level land witb a and N. E. b. N. for 4 or 5 (land, which makes a good t and the land. It ia ub a s plenty of (ifli. You mull ill be apt to mtfii the «n- er land. There it alio, be- ere fmall craft may go in, iainted as to be able to give led land, aboiit i; or 16 ) the wefirvard of 6t. 7ago. nofl parts of the north fide bearings from thence. ; 2'. When the eaft point the innermoft battery (hut a, did. 12 leagues ; and, bring Cwmbtrltmd-Harhour flward of Cumberland-liar. aring W. f N. by compafs. From hence may be feen and then the obferved lati- ; Cumbertand-Harhotir, but ig in, about a quarter of a rwife the (tiore is bold, and hore, where Augufta-River by all means to be avoi4ll> AMEHICAM COA^T PiLOti Itt ttV> anchor, you may bring Autu/la-River's mouth to bear S. W. | W. an4 the Battery J^eint S. S. £. Then yQu will have 6 fiithoms vrater; The barboar is in latitude 19' jo' ^. Fii6m Cutitiertand- Harbour, 5 leagues to the eaftward, it a little Hver, where many fmall vpflels may lie. There is no more than it feet wMkf upon the bar called E/etndeds t and her! you mod be well acquainted be<' fore you can find out the mouth of the river, it being but narrow, and the ^veft point running put narrow. The deepieft water is dofe by this doint i but there is anchoring a little to the e^dward of the mbuth of the harooun From Cumber land- Harbour to Hooka-Point, or Sphinh'-Btty, the courfe is B. by N. i N. dift. 16 leaguea. Yuu may anchor in the bay, bringht; the eaftemmod point to bear E. S. E. di dance about a mile and a half, and then the platfbrm-land on Hifpaniola will be in one with the point. The latitude is to* 6' N. You may anchor in any water, from 35 to 7 fathoriiSi but t6 fathoms is the bed, and there ii plenty of filh to be caught ivith hooks. To the wedward, about a or ) miles, b i fredi-water river, and at mod timea thet« are Spanidi hunters who will fupply you vrith fredi pro* viiions. From Hooka-Point to the extremity of Cape Maiie, the courfe is N. E4 dift. 5 leagues. The Cape is in lat. to" 18" N. From it may be feen the high land of Grandtante, bearing S. by E. Cape Maize and Cape Nicolas bear from each dther E. St E. and W. N* W. did. 1 8 or 19 leagues. .-, The high land from Grandtatice bears from Cajiie Nicolds S. by W* wederly. Cape Maize is a loW iandy point, with a reef running from it abbut i at 3 miles ', about 4 leagues to the wedward is a lagoon, where.imaU veflels may go in. Farther on about 5 leagues is Btirraco-Harbonr, a very good one^ but narrow in the entrance. However, the harbour is knowtt by a little round hill, called the Anvil hill, being flat at top, and a little to the wedward of the harbour. The eaft fide is the heft to go in by { ilonr, the weft fide is iandy and flat. *h*#i 1^- ■*■■<■ ObfervatioHi m the Florida-Stream, toitb ntcejfary DireSioits /» Savigattrs. THE great weight of the fiai, incloM wkhtn the vttft extent of the GulF of Mtxify !S let in agiutioii by the tt«de>windt, as ft generally agreed, whereby tVi Ftorida-jlredm is ftippiofed to be afieA«d, ami Upuce ailed the Cu^.JhtsmH This ^resm is in nality carried into thil MtixkoH Gulf by thek! trad«.«ir&(Mb, ami therefai rirf.uhtes at large ; but, at the #ltce of itt IfTuc, ftn>n|ly rsmpraflied by the ilknd of CitM ti4 thdfe of- Make ma dii one fide, and by the promontpry oft the other, it bcat^nuM^toiiti'lbht current fuddm and often, in order to takt ita vent en die cift fidt «f U«i &id promontory 'at Cape FUrida^ through the Hem Bahaniit-ehmnndt^ the Atlatuit OeeiH^ with a N. by E. dire6bgii ; which direfiion, ti Cite Canaveral, it exchttHna with a N. N. £. Jtaiion, in which k injifliUn as iar as CharUfioiu North and N. E. at W«ft winds preftibe t^miih- /t%Mi hoiM to the AiUntU eoajtf and coniac it taa very mrroHr chanoiii Til R P I i'.n»lliaiiil ■ l«i I tllKl'tr lit MitMCMi COAST riLOt. M which time it runs like a torrent. S. E. and fouth winds give Itfs nfklr ticx^ to the Mtural ci^rient of the dream, becmfe it then runs iu its natural channel, is wider, as alio difbnt from the (hore, 6n ^hich diflance part of t)ie ilreatn returns by an eddy fouthwtrdly. South-well, wieft, and north. veft wiads extend the ftream (till farther into the ocean, conie(||ueniIy be- yond its natural eadem boundary j by which its current is but moderate, having that motion diroinifhcd, which ts caufed by the prelTore it receives in iti copfinemcnt between the illaiKis of Bahama, Cuia, and (he promon- tory. According to the interceptipns 6f wiada, contrary to its aiTumed re< guUr courfe, it begins to ctunge at the weft end of the Martyrs, from fouth to S. £. to eaft, to N.E. at Cape Florida to N. N, E. and in the AVw Bo- /tan^a channel to N. by £. The florida-Slream, at its regular fdilbns, and tirHnterrifpted courUe in &ir weather, forms a remarkable vifible glafed line of divifion ; but in many S laces out of fight of any land. Without this line, the flreanr appears in ime places as blue boiling water ; in others, burlting and fermenting likf cataracls, even at times of the greatefl calms, be&desbctng fathomkfs inthcTcf very I'pots. Within the aforelaid line is an eddy quite fmo^th, changing gradually, as it approaches Hawkt-channcl and its iilands, from the Stream's deep blue to a beautiful fea-green, and, at lad, into a milkwwhite, Th« foundings under the blue-coloured water are on a fine white marl ; under the fea-gieen, on the faid marl, with fponge, white coral, fra-feaihers, turtle- grals. and fometimes banks of rocks ; and, under the white-coloured water, ^he foundings are on ai white marl, with banks of rocks or \ntiguou» ftream, viz. Ibuth-weftwardly. I'he (buildings of the eddy, provided no reef is in the way, between the ilream and Ilnwke-channel, run from 20 fathoms to %\ ; and, where th« reef divides the fiream and Hawkt-channd, the (bundings, in feme places, 9re from bottomlels at once to i a or 1 1 fathoms. . Veil'els may with lafcty hereafter avoid the eddy, or make alltywance for )t in their calculations ; that i$, if they cannot help falling into it, (after they have taken all precautions by Ibunding in blue water, and, when they had bottom, flood off,) they wilKnaturally fubtraft what longitude they make in the eddy, from what they had made in the ftreatn, and begin a new de.< parture, being at the iimie time very precife in their mommg and mertdim obfervations. Many (hips bound through the Gulf of Tlotida, unacquaint- .ed with the dream's eddy, and ignorant alfe of foundings being under blue ttrattr, have been loft in fair weather : they were fwept incef&ntly by the eddy to the wefttvard ; and, when they foutjd by their calculations (hat they had a fufHcient offing ead of Cape Florida, they flood north, and, indead pf entering the Gwlph, ran ftraight upon a reef. Befides the eflisft diflferent winds have upon the Florida-flream, it is fub« je£l to anot)^,ca<{(e that alio prefTes it on or off the coaft ■, and that isy tbe full and chiqge of -the moon, which, according to its pdfition, has all the (4il%rent tfkm upon ^he dream, ^ oweyer, not equal in .power with thofe of the wind ( 9Ki4 tl^ diljppUtion of the dream it inprealed to itr extreme, if the cffel^b^^ Itl^thrffi;^ and the moon are combined ; for, at this time the ocevoi ti|^g b^b<;fti| this regulates the Hood and ebb, and divides them in praM|;ii«W^« tuwsi, foniequently it dire^ and increafes them, with the ll^flpii^ of cadsrly ipoons and winds^ to th^ wed ; and with that of wed- 'illtlyflp^ to the«d; ib that the wed and ead (hores are at l&Ki flepriy^ of, and, at «^M|f /times, overflowed by, tides, o€calk>ued by -*"*■-, vki|»md«se. LOt. fouth witids give Uts iMtr it then runs in its natural on ithkh diflance pan of uth-weft, Wfeft, and north- ocean, confecpiently be- current is but moderate, >y the preffore it receives , Cuia, and the promon- contrary to its aiTumcd re- of tht: Martyrs, from fouth li,E. and in the Neu Ba- nd uninterrupted coutIc in t of divifton. ; but in many line, the dream appears in vltin(} and fermenting likt des' being fiithomtefs in thefef dy quiie fmosth, changing I inands, from the Stream's into a milk -whiter The 1 a fine white marl ; undes te coral, fea-feathers, turtle- r the white-coloured water, Focks or white land. Thr from that of the c«>ntiguou» is in the w«y, between tbe ns to ;|^ ; and, where th« foundings, in feme places, Idy, or make allowance for tip filling into it, (after they water, and, when ihcy had what longitude they make ream, and begin a new de-k their morning and meridian riilf of Ftofida, unacquaint- foufvdings being under blue :re fwept inceffiintly by the y their Calculations that they ey flood north, and, inSlead he Florida-finam, it is fub* ff the coaft ■, and th*t is, tbe I to its pO&tion, hM all the iqual in .power with thofe of tcreaied to itf extreme, if the tbined •, for, at this time the nd ebb, and divides them in nd increafes them, trith the wft ; and With that of weft- e weft md eaft fhores are at wed by, tides, occai'ioued by AMERICAN COAST Pir.ftf.' m Tht boifterous eaft, N. E. and north winds %egtn generally in Septem- ber, and continue during tbe feafon, when the lun is in tlie ibuth, viz. until March, at which times thefe vrinds generally end with a gale or hurricane, if the moon's full or change falU in with theleafon. If then veffcis happen to b: in the mouth of the Gulf of Mtxko, that is, between the Ilavannah and Cape Florida, they had beft endeavotir to make the Bahama- IflandSy or, at leaft, tiie Ibundings of them, and proce the di Ranee is nearly the bme. ^ gee Remarks coHcerning New-Frovidencc W fi>e Bahama- B.inks. NE>y-PROVlOEKCE, whofe town, calltd Nafau-Tcton, is in »5* S'^ u the chief of "'1 il Bahama- IJlands, and^ieseafl and wefl, al^ut iff, ^t^'uei long and ^ brtiad. The harbour i^ on the north fide (wh^re thttp^ ^it_ feveral keys) between the ifland and llog-Ifand. OT. i of 1/mu Rock, till the Ifnac Rock by morning ; the iimndingY, by whicU Uar^ and the bank while, ; iiland of Memini : the h.. nchonge in the opening. r lie» in Lit. 45" 30' N. agues, is Cat-key harbour* ucs. Beak's-key it the the fiiding-Rocki, bar© ds cM th«m LosMimbrts, ill Riding- Hack, isa {hoal, 1765 ; her bottom beat ■key to the eaftward. The he people of Providence :■ i miles, from tbe fliqalt ifli ttcaiure. conirquently. the current be breadth is no "tore than, Rocquei, the (ounding is :, tovjrds the S. E. and Y S. did. 14 or 1 3 leagues, . of it, jor 6 miles, in 29 your pallage through the tbe- gin tu cotne on the middle oi the bank, where you may oepend on Andiug no where lefs than 1 5 feet. Both on coming on to the bank, and in gmng off from it, you will find a Aiung tide, which fets right on, or right off: it it ealily obrervcd to go along by the ground, the water being clear and tnnlpai-ent : on the middle of the. bank you will find little or no tide. If the wind hangs on too far to the iuuthward, it will follow that you (hall be forced to the wcftward ; in that cafe, make ivo delay in coming to an anclmr, left you faU in with the bars that lie to the Ibuth and wrflward of the Bernini^ Ittands, and extend near 3 leagues. Get under way at (oon as you can Acer fouth. You mud kc no land after you leave the Berry- IJltyids, till ^ou make the Roques, or Orange-keys : tlwie keys are four in number, be. Itdes two fmall rocks, without bu(h or (hrubt on them. Fnna the Roques to the weftemmoA of the Double-headed-Shot keys, the courle is S. S. «V. didance about 15 leagues, yet the current will kipnetimes force you on them ill Aeering S. W. Should you liiil for thofe keys in the night, by all means keep clear of them; they are a number of bare rocks, perhaps 100, or 120, about the iize of a veflel, and limie lefs *, but, in general, there is water plenty betwera them and about them. S. b. £. about 6 or ^ leagues from the Douhte- headed-Shot-keys, is Key-Sel, fo called becaulie the Spaniardt make< there, and about which are icveral funken rocks. The beA way is to go S. W. from the Rogues, and not (c run the 33 leagues between Roques and A>jr« Sel, before uiorning ; if in the morning you find yourlelf in ocean-water, run S. W. b. S. for Matanzes ; if nut, keep dtnvn weA till you be in pcean-water -, ilien haul up for t\}fi coaA of Cuba, and run down it till you «re abreaA of Bahia-Honda, from whence you mud A>ioSf endeavour to make the main ; and, if ycu cao lay throng'', keep your LOT. agues ; you w'tW then oe* >u may depend on hndiiig >fl' from it, you will find « is ealily obfeTved to go -anipai-ent : on the middle If the wind hangs on you (hall be forced to coming to an anchor, led wedward of the Beminu uay as loon at you can ive the Berry- IJltvds, till ^s are four in number, be- them. Fran the Ro^et ys, the couri* is S. S. «V. metimes force you on them >y all means keep clear of lOO, or ISO, about the ere is water plenty betweea leagues from the DohUc- t Spaniards make< there, bed ^»ay is to go S. W. between Roquts and Kty-* id yourlelf in ocean-water, down wed till you be in I, and run down it till you mud ft-er over N. W. or / thing, into the Gulf of > SHORE W BAY 5,- ra to Cape Grncios a Diosi the weft end of JanaiS z . h. W. about 30 ieagues, :r PvHiick and Carratafro- trratafro makes with a large tes upon it. The coaft il fathoms WJter. ou make the land, be very lorthward of Cartvtafco, I f Lil clofe on them. You wm ftcer the above courfes. If of ihem, and do not attempt hem lies novth from Carrif- 11 flioa! and broken ground ult fot-,a ft ranger to find i cffe is a very fine channel be- ' to I o leagues 6ver. 'co-Shoals, which lie in lati- ng bound to Cape G ratios a a can lay throng'', keep your AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 1»7 lead going, efpecially in the night, and como no nearer to the (hoals than 30 fathoms : you will then be about 4 or 5 miles off them, and out of fight of the main, which cannot be icen till you are in 1 a or 1 3 fathoms : you may tun down, keeping the main on board, in 6 and 7 fathom^, till you come to the Falfie Cape. When you are come nf the Falli; C..pe you will thoal yout water, but you may run along the .^ in $ fathoms in (afety. It ftretches from the main shout N. E. a long way oft The Falfe Cape makes when you are to windward of it, like the Main Cape, with high mangroves. From the Falli: Cape to the Main Cape, the courfe is S. E. 7 leagues. When off the pitch of the Main Cape, you will fee 'Jie land trend away N. and S. The cape ends in a low landy point, trend r.^ lO the Ibuthward, with old trees on it, that drift out of the river. Thi' water fhoals a good way off, till you double the pitch of it, and then you nt get an offing bclortt l*unueh, which lie* nft iraciot a Diot, for whith irr6lions lo go between the Cape, do not ■'tempt to 3 or 4 fathoms, all clear ady to go to Black- Five f known by it« getting to Ulaek- River for Bonacra / t they cannot get in, at the th. Some veflels have got e they could get lO Blatk' g lo the weftward, and th« Cape Gracios a Dios, as you an oding, and vou do not wniher Cape Cameron, gO ul (licltered from all wind** he point » (malt birth, and bring a fmall ifland which ou will have 8 or 9 falhomS| nurt't wind it over. eat Poycr-River. in 9 or 10 filhnms, tUI yoti 1/ to bear S. £. by E. ; you !ept a fail's breadth open of t in the beach, which i» th« Ml the beach, which t* he- \ f S. ; you will be in 9 or rS.byW. Great Rock W, i co«nc to giouml. < iDsiv is tw redT vcrv -Hind 10 ■ 'I palt • ifew rocks Which ar»! clofe to the »nd under an anchor, in a bay, in 6 or 7 f.«ihoms >« .' good Ian a channel on the Ibuth fide ; but you are obliged u go brt'^ and the keys. Tu pals through this Ibuth channel, you ouglt; well acquainted with it. If you go from Black- River, on the Moffuito (liore, and < Port-Omoa,you muft lail to the louthward ot Bonacca andR between Rattan and the Hogs' I /lands. Do not pals to the louuiw;iiu of Hogs' JJland, for fear of the Salmadtnas, unlels you are well acquaintMl ; then you \nvf pals to the fou:hward of the Hogs' Iflands and the Salmadi- tidt with i'mall ved'cls, though it is not advil'jble fo to do. Steer frOm Black- River fur tlie ifland of Bonacca W. N: W, until you roiiie ilofe to Bonacca. Bonema is 33 leagues diftant from Black -River, Then (leer W. S. W. and S. W. b. W. in order to pafs hetween Rattari and the Hogs' Iflands ; and (lill continue to fteer W. S. W. and S. W. h' W. until you g.-t the idand UiiUa in fight ', then fteeir W. or W. b. N» as you will; To pafs to the northward of l^d//^, take great care that you do not come nearer to l/lilla, on the hotth lule, than the diftance of a leagues ; nor on the weft fide, nor on the (buth lide, unlefs you are ivell acquainted with it. When you are at the weft end of Utilla, fteer your courfc for Punta SaL Punta 6al is 15 leagues from the ifland Utilla. The courfe is W. S. W. but you muft flicer W. S. W. \ S. to prevent being canied away by the N. W. current ; for, if you are carried away by the N. W. current, you ■re in danger of driving upon (Uoffcr's (or Glover's J Reef. W. S. W. \ S, h the common oir uTual Courfe to fteer to make land to the fouthward of Punta Sal: then you may come to the N. W. of Punta SaU ^ To Ihieiv'Tanti Sal. There are at the point of the main Oiore 3 or 4 great rocl^s, that lie pret« ty high abdve the water, larger than thofe called the Bifliop and Clerks : they lie about half a raile off the (hore ; there is a little channel, where iinall craft c/ boats may pafs through. The point olTthe main (hbre appears with little hills, as if it Were broken land, high and low ; therefore if you cannot fee the point oX Punta Sal, and are td the v^ftward of Purita Sal arid Ria Lud, you will fee a very high round hill, and other high land, over Puerto Cavallo inland. You may come 10 ^n anchor under Punta Sal, right before the opening of Puerto Sal. You muft not come to an anchor in 18, 17, 16, 15 fathoms water, becaule it is rocky grourld ; bat from 13, 1 a, and lels, you may anchor with fatety, in fine muddy ground. There is no high land between Punta Sal and Puerto Cavallo ; bpt frOm Puerto Cavallo to the weftward is all very high. Punta Sails in lat. 15° 59' N. Hio Lua is iibout 3 leagues to the weftward bf Puntd Sal. Right over Rio Lua, a little inland, there is a little rouod hill, which (lands alone. — You may anchor at Rio Lud in a very go6d muddy ground^ but it is very bid with a h6rth wind. Chamaldcon is about 3 leaigues from Rio Lua. Courfe W. by 9. You may come to :f this loir point make* the bay. To the weflwird ^ this point you n»y anchor in 7, 0, 5 Dithoir.s t4 i ■^^ l^O AMERICAN COAST PILOT. m water, findy groimd ; but, without thr point, muddy ground. TTif rr ai« 5 or 6 hrokcM hilli, appraring red, dole into the lira tliat lies betv\'ceu Puerto i-'avuUii and the hay i)( Omctt : there flrciclu'^ oil luim tlieic red liilU ji flone bank into the li;v, which runs to the northward ahoul :i league and a half from the fliore. Come no nearer in-(hore tli.m 8 or 7 fathoms water. Port Otiii^a it 7 mile»diftani from Puerto CavuUo, S. W. b. W. The windward or Urb'ard iide of Omon \\ a Inw landy point that runs off to< wards the Tea ; it is full of ht|(h mangiove ticcs. There i.s, alway^i on this windward fide or point, a look-out houlir, which you may lee. 1 iiii wind- Ward point makes the bay of Omca » very life bay in a north, and lei'ire i» all winds. You m»y go as nigh the windward point as you will. Q^'" dole to the point you have 6 fathoms water; and, about a tublc 5 length fitrni off the point, you will l«ve 17, i6, if. 14, 13, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4^, 4, and 3 fathomi water. This depth runs from the wuidward point a far as the river. You will have from 17 to 1 a fathoms water when you come 10 liiil in ; and you loof as near as you can to the windward point. If yoi^ cannot lay inio the bay, it is bell to come to an anchor in iz fathoms water, and warp up in tke bay, and moor the Piip. You mull not come too nigh on the fide of the river, nor where the houlies of the tow.i (land ; but you may go as nigh as you plenlc to windward. You will have 12 fathoms wa- •er nigh the whiirf at the fort. The river lies to the weOward of the town ; you will have this depth of water, from la fathoms to ty, 8, 7, 6, 5. 4}, 4, 3, and 2.1. About a cables length oil the mouth of the river, you will have 7 fathoms water, and lb on to 3\ fathoms. When you are at anchor in Omoa, and it is any thing of clear weather, you may Ice Cape Trrfpuntai about W. b. N. or W. N. W. To the wellward of Omoa there is very high land ; there are alio 3 or 4 very high mountains, which appear plainly like lugar-loaves. Glover's or Gloffer's Reef lies N. and S. that is, the N. E. point of Gli» wind- / in a north, and lerirc iu point as you will. Quite id, about a c-.iblc i kngih ^, I J, 9, 8, 7, (', 5, 4i> 4» windward point a far as I water when you come lo windward point. If yot^ ichor in i2 fathotns water, )u mud not come too nigh the tow.i (land ; but you will have 12 fathoms wa- the weflward of the town ; iins to cky reef; you can hardly If 6r River Dulce. It the kays in fight. This . It is a low point ; you ibout 6 or 7 leagues from or«, then you go free from ,ays, and then you wUl liive er called Mmifa^na. Tliert from Ihoie : you muft be From Omoa. The courfe js have biled about 14 or 15 N. W< and you will leave league and a half ofi. hat is, when you have paffed to an anchor in 201 <5> m AMERICAN COAST PILOT. '5« I'A water, miuWy giound, till you come ti. C //v Trefpuntns. The cnutla i> S. S. W. from Cnpr Trefpuntds up to the nioutli of the (»iilf Diiit, The (Julf Unity that i», the nioutli of the river, ii about 5 or 6 !^Mgue« from Cane l\ijpuiitit<. You mull go by the lead ; you will have Iront nine to three and a half fathoms water. Anchor in wliat water you pleale. At the iiKHilh of (lie ritev l)klt0, you will ice a little fingle liill, which liill you leave to the wcllward of the river-, and lliin hill is not )(iiiiing to (he high land. The mouth of the river fhew% itlelf plainly. Kring the tiver to bear S. S, W. come to an anchor in what water you pleaii?, and moor the fliip S. K. and N. W. A very good bay in any wind. The bay StH 'ihnmos is about 6 leagues S. b. K. from the river Dittie, This bay makes a vet) great biglu ; very low land, with large mangenecl buihes. From Omoa to the Gulf of Dulcc, ak)ng the ka-coail, the land ii ver/ low ; but inland, very liigii land. 'to fail from Black-River to Cape Gracios a Dios, with a Weji mnd. The courfe is E. b. N. until you are pafl P'^t^ok-River ; it is a niar|> point of a land bank, runs for a mile and a halt into the icj. Come iu> nearer, by day or night, than in 9 fathoms water. About 14 leagues caftward of Black- River there is a lagoon, called Brcu- fr's-LagoOH. In the middle of the haven of the lagoon, about a league up it, there is an ifland that appears like two hills, where Knglidt people relide. You may go from Black-River with the lead, and turn up as far ar Bretu er's-LagooK, and as near as you pleafe to the main. You may come to au- thor ott Brewer's-Lairoan, in 8, 9, 10, ii, or i2 fathoms water. Three leagues to the eadward of Brtuiil find this depth of water, fix, five, four and aJnalf, four and a quarter, four, a quarter lets fouri three and a half, three and a quarter^ and a quarter lefs three fathoms. If you liiil between (he bank and the cape, and bring the bank to bear ^\ K. }; from you) then you will &ud this depth of water, four, a (juartn «3» AMERICAN COAST PILOT. lefs four, three and a half, three and a quarter, three, a quarter kfs threa fathoms. The bank is not above a mile long : keep ins fathoms water, and there is no danger. As foon as ypu are clear of the bank, you wiU be in three, three and a lialf, four, a quarter lets four, a quarter lels five, five; then you keep in five, or a quarter lefe five, very clofe along the low fandy point. This low fandy point is ip the windward or to the eaftward of the river ; but give this low fandy point a good birth, and, as loon as you have well opened the bay of Cape Gracios a. Dios, then (leer right in for the Haul' Cver. To come to an anchor at the Maul-Over you have this depth of water, fix, five and » half, five, four and a half, four and a quarter, three and a half, three and a quarter lefs three, two and a half. To come to an anchor, il is beft to go in four and a half or four fcthoms water, good muddy ground. Note. As you go fiom the Falfe Cape, to go to Cape Grachs a Diet, and would pafs to the eaftward of the fand-bank, then you muft keep 3 or 4 leagues to the eaftward of Cape Gracios a Dios, and you will have this 4epth of water, 7, 8, 9, 10, il, la, 15, and fo pn to 18 or z,o fathoms -water. / Sandy-biiy is 10 leagues to the fouthward of Cape Gracios a Dios. The «purfe for Sandy-tay is S. \ E. Keep along fbore, with the lead going, in fix, feven, and eight fathoms water. You may come to anchor in San- ely bay in as deep or as little water as you chpof? ; in fix and feye« fathoms is gfxxl muddy ground ; good anchoring for fliips : but, from 5 bihoms, or lefs. is fandy ground ; good for fmall veffels. N. B. Under Cape Gracios a Dios is a fafe and convenient bay in the ^ime of the north winds, and all yelfels on this coaft endeavor to Ihelter ^here. To go from Sandy-B^y to Puerto Velio, or Carthagcna. FROM Sandy-bay fhape your courfe for Stone- IJland. This Stone-//,, land is a jock that lies above the water the height of a (hip's hull, and, (hews itfelf quite black : it is djftant about 4 or 5 leagues from Sandy-bay, Stone-IJland lies E. S. E. from Sandy-bay. S. E. vifill bring you to Stone-, Jjland. You may ffe Stpne-Ijland 5 or 6 miles diftance ofl^^. ' From Sandy-bay lo Stpne-Ijland you will have from 5 to I.o fathoms wa-. ter. being lyhiie landy ground. Steer ftpm Sandy-b(iy. S. E. till you come in fight of Stone- IJland ; then (leer S. S. E. becaufe there lies to the weft- /(inds, otherwife called Mfln glares :ythm you get in fight of them, then Acer S. E. or higher if you choole it. . / The Corn-IJIands are two large high iflands ; the weft ifland is bigger than the nbrtheaft illand. Eiom the N, E. ifland ftretches a reef, abput 2,. leagues diftant, oii the M. t. fide of the illapd. Go to the weft fide of thele two iflands, and apchpr in clear Tandy ground, in 4, 5., or 6 fathoms water. Thele two iflands are reckoned 50 leagues from Sandy bay. This chanitcl. is^alfo.very proper for (hipping to^o tor the illand of Providence,^ or to go to St. Andreas, or Puerto Velio, or Carthagena. From Sandy hay to Stone-IJland the courie is E. S. E. btit you (leer to tjie S. E. in older to keep to the fouthtvaidof Stone- IJland, becaufe to, i\,% 'I LOT. three, a quarter Ws threa keep in 3 tithoms water, iU be in three, three and a five; then you keep in low Tandy point. to the eailward of the river ; as (bon as you have well (leer right in for the Haul' have this depth of water, and a quarter, three and a ilf. To come to an anchor, \vater, good muddy ground, [o to Cape Grachs a Diotf c, then you miift keep 3 or ios, and you will have this d fo on to 1 8 or ^o fathoms Cape Gracios a Dios. The ; {here, with the lead going, nay come to anchor in San- 9 ; in fix and feyevi fathoms, flaps : but, from 5 fathoms, and convenient bay in the lis coalb endeavor to (hellec :llo, or Carthagena. tone-IJland. This Stone-I/^ height of a (hip's hull, and. >r 5 leagues from itandy-bay. . £. vrill bring you to Stont', es diftance oil^^. ve from 5 to 10 fiithoms wa-. ndy-bfiy, S. K. till you come ecaufe there lies to the weft- \nf called Wanie/f/t, and by wilt not appear in iight ; but the N. E. of the (iorn-If- get in fight of them, then ', the wed ifland is bigger nd ftretches a reef, abput 2, i. Go to the weft fide of round, in 4, 5, or 6 fathoms ;ues from Sandybay. This for the ifland of Providtnce, rthagena. is E. S. E. but you fleer to itoncljland, becau% to. ll;s^ AMERICAN COAST PItOT. '3i northward you cannot go fafely. The depth of water from Sandy-bay to Stone-IJland is from 5 to 10 rathoms. Wanifja, or Devil's-key, is a very little low &ndy tey, with a very fevf trees upon it. Waniejfa is about 2 leagues or 7 miles from Stone-Ijland s they lie S. £. and N. W. of each other. When you go from Sandy-bay, fleer S. E. with the lead, till you are near Stone-Ijland. Stone-IJland is about 4. or 5 leagues from Sandy-bay^ You can come in very dole to the fouthward of Stone-IJland, to about ar mile ; you will have 6 fethoms water, white &nd bottom. You may fee Stone-IJland two leagues off at moft. If you come dole by Stone-IJland, and fteqr E. S. E. to pafs to the eafl- ward of Wanitjfa, with this courte you will lee Waniejfa ; but not without it be clear weather, When you are clofc in the land of Wanieffa, and it be clear weath'jr, you may fee Stone-IJland. You muH; not come too near Wanieffa, but always keep the lead going. When you fteer from Stone- IJland E. S. E. then you have all along 7 Cithoms water : and, if you do not fee Waniejfa, you will have white Tandy ground, until you are to the eaftward of Wanie^a ; then you begin by degrees to come into deeper water, but very little : lo that, when you come dofe to Waniejfa, you will have lels than 7 or 6 fathoms water ; and immediately dry. If you find that you have lets than 7 or 6. fathoms water, then you are too nigh Wanieffa ; and you muft always ftrive to keep in 7, 8, 9, lO- and lb On, to 14 or 13 fathoms, until you come in Tight of Old Providence, or come to St. Andreas. The courie from Waniejfa to Old Providence is E. S. E. or S. E. b. E, but, for St. Andreas, you iteer commonly E. S. E. to keep on the bank. This bank flretches from the outermoft Mojquito's Keys to the fouthward ; therefore you mufl keep on this bank, white iiind bottom. You may come to an anchor upon any part of the bank. When you have i^ ^thoms wa- ;er, then it will begin to deepen till you coaie to 30 fathoms; then you will be immediately off the bank, and have no ground, and are about lO leagues from 02d Providence. If you come from Sione-IJlaad, or Wanieffa, and immediately get clear of the bank, intending to return on the bank again, and would not paTs ta Old Providence nor St. Andreas, and when you have 25 fathoms water^ you muft endeavour to come in leTs water to remain on the bank, and get into 15 fathoms, and from 9 to 15 fathoms. Ihe courie is E. S. E. or S^ E. b. ^, From (5 ibthoms, you will have 16, 17, 18, 20, 92, 25, and then no ground ; but you muft not go to. the fouthward, but muft keep, ^hc coui'fe above mentioned till you get Old Providence in Tight : then fteer your courTc for St. Andreas, that is louth, going to the wcftward of Oldf Providence, St. Andreat is about t8 leagues from Old Providence. At the S. W., fide of St. Andreas you may anchor in very good iandy ground. About a. inile from the ftiore you have 6 fathoms water ; and, about two miles fronv fliore, you have from 15 fathoms to 6 fathoms. You may come lo an an- chor in what water you pleali:. Then you will have the tiorth point oC the iiland N. b. £. and the middle of the ifland £. b. S. and the Ibuth point S. £. It is in the latitude 12,^ 30' N. If you liiit from St. Andreas as above mroiioned, the courTe is/ S. £. to. paTs through the E. S, E. and S. S. W. keys. The E. S. E. keys are three keys with reefs all round them : tKere is, fpod anchoring for Imall vciTels, but you muft be well acquainted. TM% k, S. Ij^. keys are 6 leagues diilance fi;om St. AJndreas, m I »S4 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. The S. S. W. keys, called by the Dutch All'u-kerken, are three liey«, and very good anchoring ground. There is nothing to ftar ; you may iee every thing, and come to an anchor : it is deep water. There are a few rocks, above water, clo(e by tlie keys. Take care to bring the ifland St. Andreas to bear N. b. W. till you have the S. S. W. key S. W. b. S. about 4 leagues diftance ; then you will be right in the channel, and have no ground : (leer E. S. E. or as high or as low as you pleale. You muft take care, if ypu fail from St. Andreas, not to be car- lied with the current to the leeward ; and bring the ifland of St. Andreas lb bear with the S. S. W. key : then you are clear of all danger, and are through the channel. A''. B. The Englifh name thcfe Keys the S. S. W. Keys ; the Dutch and Spaniards call the S. S. W. Keys, Albukcrhln Keys. This channel is a good and very convenient channel for (hips that go to Jtio Malina, or Carpenter's Hiver : and alfo to go to Puerto Velto, or Car- fhagena. Note. The courfe from Cape Gracios a Dies to Sandy- Bay is S. \ E. ; it is 10 leagues difbuice. You muft go by your lead in j, 6, or 7 fathoms vnter. The courfe from SandyrBay for Governor's Point is S. S. E. 4 miles fliftance. The courfe from Governor's Point to IVazoa, or ot her wife oalied Breg^-r »aui, is S.^ E. lA leagues diftance.' Dire£liotts for the Bay of Honduras. Being bound down to the Bay, the courfe, from the weft end of jfawiaica to the Swans'- J /lands is \V. S. W. a little foutherly, diflance 90 leagues. — » After making the Swans'- JJlands, fteer W. S. W. 40 leagues lor Bonacca, To iail into the harbour of 5flHflcca, run in with the N. E. end, which is bold ; and when you draw near it, you will then lee the fmall keys that lie along to the S. W. Count 10, keys, as you run down alot g. at a moderate ^iftance; the 10th is called Half- Moon Key, and is remarki.ble for having Ibme cocoa-nut trees on the eaft end of it. Run in dole with this key inti^^ 3 fathoms water off the weft end ; luft" right round, and let go your anchor in 10 fathoms. You will (ee a Imall landy key about a cable's length to. the northward. Do not go between that and the main, for there is a reef of ipcks which runs from the iandy key to the key which lies due w^jft. half a mile, which has not above 8 or 9 feet water. The ifland lies in the latitude of 16" 30 N. There is a channel between the firft and iecond key, and a^iother to the weftward of the S. W. key. The courfe fiotn the weft end of Bonacca to the eaft end of Rattan isW, by S. 5 leagues. There are three illands more that lie from the eaft end of Rattan, called Helena, Moratt, and Barbatatta : the latter is the eaftern- moft and largeft. Off the eaft part of Barbaratta are feveral low keys : and care muft be taken, in the night, not to haul in until you get abreaft of Bar- haratta. To go into Port-Royal harbour, in Rattan, haul clofe in with the eaft end, and you will fee a remarkable red cliff near the water-fide. About 9 or 4 miles to leeward of that cliff is the entrance of the harbour, which, may be feen by going a few ratlins up the Ihrouds : the keys on which the fort itul magazine ftood, as well as the harbour, will appear very plainly.^ fi^'1^ the weftward and leeward of the key where the fort ftood, and haul jp^ dole round it, givin;^ the point a fmall birth. You cannot iail in with,, the wijnd ferther to the nonhward thari N. E.. by N. as the chaanel is. verjo LOT. lliu-kerken, ate three keyj, thing to ftar ; you may lee water. y the keys. Take care to till you have the S. S. W. yuu will be right in the as high or as low as you >t. Andreas, not to be car- is the ifland of St. Andreas clear of all danger, and are . W. Keys; the Dutch and Keys. channel for (hips that go to ;o to Puerto Velio, or Car- te Sandy- Bay is S. 4 E. ; it r lead in ^, 6, or 7 fathoms Point is S. S. £. 4 miles , or otherwife oalied. Bregt ^onduras. om the waft end of Jamaica herly, di (lance 90 leagues. — n W. 40 leagues ior Bonacca. h the N. K. end, which is en iee the I'mall keys that lie jn down aloi g. at a moderate and is remarkable for having n in dole with this keyint^ }und, and let go your anchor y about a cable's length to. he main, for there is a reef of y which lies due weft, half a The ifland lies in the latitude :be iirft and iecond key, and the eaft end of Rattan isW, ! that lie from the eaft end of la ; the latter is the iaftern- alla are feveral low keys : and until you get abreaft of Bar- Rattan, haul dole in with the near the water-fide. About :rance of the harbour, \irhicK ids : the keys on which the ir, will appear very plainly .^ 'here the fort ftood, and haul h. You cannot iail in with, by N. as the chaunel ii very AMERICAN COAST PILOT. »35 narrow. It is a fine harbour when you are in, with room to turn, »nd an- chorage in what depth of w iter you pleafe, from 1 2 to 6 fathoms. Here is good water and wood, and very convenient to heave down. From Port Royal harbour, in Rattan, to the weft end, is W. S. W. and S. W. by W. diftance about 8 leagues, with a very good harbour every two or three miles ; but, about 3 leagues before you come to the weft end, and juft to leeward of the feconu point that you lee in running down from Port' Royal, is a harbour called Dixon's Cove, very convenient in north winds for (hips to (belter in that are bound to the bay. To come into this harbour from the eaftward, run to leeward of the above- mentioned point, and you will fee a key juft to leeward of it : keep round the bank that lies off this kev, in 8 or 9 fathoms, and you will open the harbour, which lies N. by W. and S. by E. In running in you will lee another key to leeward of ynu, with a reef running to the eaftward, which: always (hews itfelf. Keep mid-channel, which is all deep water, from a» to 15 fathoms. Run in till you bring the weft end over the key on w^hich the little hut (lands, and anclii^r in the middle of the harbour in about 15 or 16 fathoms, day ground, and moor with a kedge to the eaftward ; you will then be abreaft of a creek 011 the eaft (ide of the harbour. The banks, on both fidet of the harbour, are very fteep, 12 to 3 fathoms, not half a {hip's length from the deep water to the (lioalleft. This is a line out-let, as you may be at fea in 10 minutes ; and, in cafe of accidents, a veffel may be faved here without anchors or cables, by running up the N. E. part of the har« lour, which is all foft mud. There is a remarkable high cabbage-tree oa the high land over this harbour, which may be leen very plainly coming from the eaftward, but not from the weftward till you open the harbour : it bears about N. VV. when you lie at anchor, and the Great Hog Ifland dut S. £. by E. The latitude of this haibour is 16" 20' N. If your veffel work well, you have room to turn in. In going down to the bay, if you meet with northerly or N. W. winds« come for this harbour. In coming ia from the weftward you will fee the above-mentioned point about 3 \ leagues from the weft end. Run in well with the weft key until you come on the bank into 7 (lithoms/, keep along in that depth, hauling round the key, until you open the fmall key, on which the hut (lands ; then edge off into deep water, as the reef is very fteep, and luff in till you are abreaft of the creek on vour (larboard hand, or the weft end over the fmall key ; anchor in about 16 fathoms, and moor as before di« Tc&ed ; but, if you anchor in the middle of the harbour, you have room to fwing any way, and come to fail from your kedge when you go out. When bound for the bay with a good fea-breeze, you need not go out of this harbour before two o'clock, as you will be down the weft end time enough to take your departure in the evening. Right off this harbour, to the (buthward, lies a bank, about 3 or 4 miles off, that ftretches about W. S. W. 6 miles, with about 7 fethoms on it ; and off Cockjon's Hole is a (hoally fpot, which has not above 10 feet on it. Running along this bank, about 2 miles to the weftward of the harbour, and about the lame diftance from the (bore, a (hoally fpot has been paffed over of a foot lefs 3 fathoms, when, in a eaft or two, it deepened to 3 J and 4 fathoms, then to 6 and 7 fathoms. Loaded veffels of a great draught of water, when running up or down, Ihould not come nearer the land than 4 or 5 miles, to keep clear of thele banks. There is a good channel betweeo them and the illand, but it is very narrow. When you bring lhe*weft key of Dixon's Cove, N. N. E. you are then to the eaftward of the foul giound, and may haul in for the harbour. When you come within 4 miles of tfai weft fn(l, going to the weftward, you are to the v^xftward of the baidb. :!^1J li^ »3* AMERICAN COAST PILOTk This harbour of Dixon's Cove has been the more paiticulirlv defcribed from its great utility for ihips that may waiit a place uf iafety in bad weath* From Rattan to the Bey of Honduras. IM failing from hence to the bay of tiondurat, obfcrve to time your departure from the weft end cf Rattan in the cicCe of the evening, and not before. Steei N. W. a little northerly, which will run you in with the Jbuthem 4 keys, diflance about 20 or it leagues. Be CJrefuI to (ail with fuch canvas as may I'uit the weather you have, or »he way your veifel has through the water, taking great care to keep a look-out, and not run more than 16 leagues by the log, as the currents are rapid, at times, by which many haye been deceived. When day appears, and you have run the dif- tance of 16 or 18 leagues, and do not fee the keys, fteer N. W. b. W. cl' W. N. W. which will fliorten your diflance, and you will (oon raife them. They ought, if polTtble, to be made in the forenoon, to enable you to get 1tard t it a fail's breadth open of ireaft. of the foulh end of thft p under this reef, and anchor t water. Farther in to th« : to ride in, clayey ground, itude 17° 34' N. d for the Old River or River jUi.kcy is N. W. This is a he northward about 1 1 tailt the channel commonly called nid-ehaonnel between the two AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 137 Vt.ys, is W. N. W. When near Gi>f'.i-key in a range to th? northward of it, are three keys more, vi^. Corlteukey, Sergeant' s-key, and Paunch-Gut- key, Serjeant's key is the Urged atiJ iniddlemod, and has a large iandy bjy on it. A little wiihimt Goff'skry is a Unall land-bore, that (hews iifelf above water, with a flat running oft it to the louihward. Obferve, that the keys above mentioned are all on tite main reef, which runs a great way nearly north and ibuih. When you have the above channel open, and Enjitijh-key bearmg about W. from you, (leer a little to the northward of the middle of the channel, towaids Gof's-key, to avoid a rocky ihoal that runs to the northward from Knglijh key ; then fteer W. b. N. { N. keep< ing you lead going, as the channel is but. narrow ; the entrance is not more than a mile, and narrower. Farther in, to the N. W. of Guf's AT. y is Water-Key, a large kev with tall trees on it, from the Ibuih end oF \vhlch lies a large bank, wH'c:h fpits into the channel. Steer in nearly W. N. W. until you (hut in Serjeant' f Key with the fouth end of li-'uter-Key, then (leer N. by W. until you bring Gof's Key on or in a range with Water. Key ; then fteer N. W. { W. which carries yon in the bed of the channel over the narrows, taking great can' not to open or fliut GuJ^'s Key with Water Key, as you will he near if not quite aground. Cimtintie your couric until you Ihat in Bani/ler's Key with the Drozoned-Keys ; yo'i are then over the narrows, and may fleer in N. VV. for the Old River's y.uth. did nice about 4 leagues. Anchor olt' the mouth of tiie river in ahoiit 16 feet, nil (oft mud, lb that your veffel can take 110 hurt in the north limes. It is b'd ta anchor in the above depth of water a little to the ibuihwud of the river, as the current generally lets Iliongly to the Ibiithward. The fame m\y be olilerved oS Sheeboon- River. To anchor nv.der Gojf's Key. — In coming from the northward, after you are lound the land-bore, that lies to the eadward, keep on the bank in 4 or 5 fathoms, until you bring Corlieu-Key and Serjeant's Key into one, and then let go your anchor, and you will have clear ground. Go^'t Key will then bear E. by N. Nt B. H^re you take a pilot for Old- River and Sheeboon, DireBims to fail out of the Bay by the Northern Pajfage, Leave Mauger-Key about eight or nine o'clock at night, if the fea-breeze be frelh, and fteer N. N. E. y E. about 10 leagues, and not more till day- light. The diftaiice between Mauger-Key and the fouth point of the 7Vi- angU-Reef N. N. E. 12 or 1 3 leagues, but there is generally a northern cur- rent which you muft guard againft. Should there be much fea on, and your (hip will lie up N. E keep her by the wind, and do not run more than the 10 leagues till day-l.iht ; for, there is often a lee-l<;t of the current to the N. W. which, wi the fea, may heave you near Ambergris-Reef. So that, leaving Mauger-^Jey, ancl not lying belter than N. by E. or N. do not ftand longer than 4 hours on that tack, for fear of coming near Ambergris- Reef in the night. When vou make the Triangle-Reef, the fouth end is broad, not lefs than 4 or 5 miles, and makes in two points, between which is a fmall (andy fpot. Go to the leeward of the reef ; and your courfe from the S. W. point is nearly N. by W.iW. up to theGrea//C(7,from thence about N.byE. to the two keyi which lie on the north part of the reef. Keep your lead gbing, for fear of a fpit which runs cfl abreall of the key. The whole length of the reef, from tne S. W. m if' Ml n 13» AMERICAN COAST PILOT. end to the north part, is about 12 or 15 leagues. Leaving Mauger-KeVf and not feti 'ung the j>o. • of ^he 'I'riangUReef in fight, you will fee the main, and l.ioiild n .'it < rtakc you yihtn under the lee of the reef, (leer about N. bv I-. if vv-u an any diflance oft, until you meet the (ea coming round the novrh end uf the \ck-S ; then haul up N. E. if the wind permit^ which will I irry you to wind .v.ird of Cape Antony. The diflance from th« hor«h end of \]u- Trianglfs is 63 leagues ; and, from the fouth end of Co2^ River Bclicze. Fioni the weft end of Rattan to the entrance, through the reef, by the Sap.iJilfa-Keys, is wefl, 2) or 30 leagues. You may know the Sapadilla' Keyt by 5 dry fandv k«;ys, without fhrubs or trees on them, except that on the (larboard fide going in, on which are two dry trees appearing like a fchooner at anchor : when you firfl make them, all the keys to leeward arc bufhy and full of (iipadilla-trets. In the paffa; e throuijli, \ou have 4I fathoms, and then, after a few calls, you deepen your water to 6, 7, lo, and fo to 17 fathoms. This is efteem- ed the befl paffage for large (hips. The courfe through ii W.andW.b.N. When you ar.; over the reef it is t'.rmed the Harbour of Honduras. From Sufhidilla-KeyS you fleer W. S. W. between 4 or 5 leagues, to avoid fevera' bad fhoals and rocks that lie to the northward of the paflage. Whp-. you bring Point- Placentia to bear N. b. W. fteer for it ; it W'll be at the diflance of about 6 leagm^s. From Point- Placentia to Settle- Riv- er is north 6 or 7 leagues. From Settle-River to Colfon's -point is north 6 leagues. From Colfon'spoint to the mouth of the river Belieze is N. \ E, 6 or 7 leagues ; where you anchor as before dire6led. OS Colfon's-point is a (hoaU 2 or 3 miles off; and another fhoal lies S. E. 3 miles from the river's mouth. After you have got through the Sapa- dUtii-Keys, and up as high as Point Placentia, you may anchor all along the main at any depth of water, from 5 to 1 7 fathoms, keeping at the difbncc of a miles from the fhore. In going between the Northern Triangles and the main, if you (hould get the wind to the W. or N. W. or N. go to the (buthward of the Northern Triangles ; taking very great care to keep far enough to the iouthward of them, for fear it fhould fall little wind or calm, and a N. W. current or fwell, which will heave you on them, as there ree no foundings before you are almofl on fhore. Likewife, (land, at the leafl, 10 or 12 leaj^ues to the eaftward of them, before you haul to the northward for Cape Antony^ for foar you fhould be caught abreafl of them with a lee current and fet of the fea which generally runs here. In flanding to the fouthward of them, do not go too far to the fouthward for fear of the fpit which runs oH* the nonliciti iwo-key reef, which lies N. E. b. £. from the uorihetiv- Lot. Leaving Mauser- Key, fight, you will fee the the Ice tif the reef, fteer you meet the (ea coming E. if the wind permit, '. The diftance from th« m the fouth end of Coze- ef is in latitude 18** >8' id of Cozemell bears from latitude i9''4r/N. and fiance from the TriangU' lies round in a deep bight. ght to the N. W. which 50 or 6 J leagues right to p, through the Main- licze. ,'S through the reef, by the may know the SapadiUa- ;s on them, except that on Iry trees appearing like a ill the keys to leeward are and then, after a few calls, fathoms. This is efteem- irough k W.and W.b.N. rbour of Honduras. between 4 or 5 leagues, to northward of the paflage. b. W. fteer for it ; it will inl-Ptacentia to Settle- Riv- to Colfcn's-poini is north 6 he river Bclitze is N. \ £. aed. ; and another (hoal lies S. have got through the Sapa- >u may anchor all along the ms, keeping at the diikncc id the main, if you ftiould > to the Ibuthward of the to keep far enough to the tfind or calm, and a N. W. I, as there rfe no ioundings and, at the leaft, 10 or 12 I to the northward for Cape »f them with a lee current n ftanding to the fouthward fear of the fpit wliich runs E. b. E. from the uorihexn- AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 159 ; the moft key of the northern two keys, with 6 fathoms dole to them next call you aru on fhore, or near it. If you rome out of the bay by the fouthem palTage, and your fhip will not lie up eaft, or E. b. N. from Key Bohell, bear up and run to the ibuth- iward, between Tobacco-key, which is the outer part of the reef, and Glover's Reef, efpecially if you have not day-light to get to the northward and caftward of the north end of Glover's Reef. Run to the ibuthward till you fee the fmall keys on the fouth end of the reef, and there you may bring up till morning, bringing the keys about N. £. There is moftly a ilrong Ife current about Glover's Reef, which has deceived many, who have lolt their Ihips in the night, expecting to have weathered the north end of Glov' er't Reef, which is fteep-to in moft places. T>ire£lions for the Coqfl o/'Guayana, Surinam, Detnerary, Bcr- bice, i^c. Not I.— AU the depths of water after mentioned were taken at low Spring Tldeu DEMERARY. OFF this coaft 12 Teagues, and from that to 40 leagues, the wind gene- rally prevails eaft Ibuth-eaft ; within 12 leagues the wind is variable, in the morning S. E. and E. S. E. towards noon draws round to the eaft, and be- tween two and eight o'clock is generally to the N. E. N. N. £. or north ; during the night it varies from £. b. N, to £. b. S. If bound for Deme- rary from the northward or eaftward, obferve there is no place below Cur- inti* river but you may run in 5, 4, and 3 iiithoms ; after paQing Berbice 4 or 5 leagues, the bufties appear very iriegular, and feveial white houles, with red tops, may be ieen, which is not the cale at any part to windward of Berbice. About 9 leagues to the eaftward of Demerary, is a remarkable clump of trees, called Machia Clump : they may be feen ibme diftance be- fore you can difcern any objcft near them. If in running along the (horc you make the clump of trees, haul oft° immediately, in order to round the bank, which lies to the northward and eaftward of Demerary i for when abreaft of the trees, in 4 fathoqis, by hauling off north, you will not deepen your water for feveral miles, or out of light of all obje£h on the coaft, except Machia Clump. On the northemmoft part of the bank are 4 fathoms ; it lies in latitude 7 deg. OQ min. N. You may run along this bank weft in 4 fathoms, until you fee the entrance of the river, or gap in the bufties, under thebufhes, and a little to the eaftwaird of the gap, are leveral white houfes,and two windmills. When the entrance bears S. W. b. S. you may then fteer S. W. or S. W. b. W. 3 or 4 miles, aiccording to the time of tide, which flows half paft 4 o'clock full and change ; the firft part of the flocjd fets to the W. S. W. and the latter part weft \ it ebbs feven hours to the N. E. and N. N. E. I'i, . .1 I mmnimf\\t9 a* AMERICAN COAST PILOT. Merchants' veffcls, who wifh to take a pilot for the river Dfittertir/, ftiould bring tht- gap to bear S. S. W. and anchor in 3^ fathoms ; they will then be iibout j mihi from Spirit-point. Frigates Ihould anchor wih th« gip louth in 4 fathoms, they w.U thin be about t) or 10 miles from SpiriH point : although the latter dillanre is greater than the furmt-r, it is much iTiiire convenient for men of war, bccaute their boats will fetch ofttner off to their fhips. On the N. E. of Demerarybanf<, na\\t'ing can be feen from the deck of » fri9;ate but Machia Clump, and the bottom is '.oft mud, much more lu than any other part of the coalt. Merchants' veiTels (hould anchor off Machia dump, and lend a boat on fliore, in order to be certain of their fituation. GUAYANA. To get to windward on the coafl of Guaya»a, care niuft be taken not to let the fouiherly winds draw you more than 10 leagues from the land, and be Caieful lobe at that diftance about noon, as prol)ably by z I'. M. you will find the wind lo far to ihenonh as to lay along (hoie -, about 8 P. M. you generally lole the northerly wind, and find ii blow along (horc from thee.ift- ward : theiefove, Ihould you have a whole ebb tide be'oie >'ou, it will be better to anchor, and flop a tide. By day-light the wind dt^Ws round wi[>, foutherly ; for whith realbn it Will be neceir.iiy to be in fliore. liy taking thofe advantages, with that of the tides, a fiigate cuay beat from Dimerarjl to Surinam in 3 or 4 days. iURIiVAM. Vou may anchor otf Surinam in 4 fathoms by bringing it to bear S. b. E« With that bearing you get nearer tho point than any other with the lame depth. In failing for Surinam, bring Bravi's point to bear S. E. b. S* dillance 6 or 7 miles, tou will then be in thre? and a half fathoms ; then ileer S. S. £. until you bring it to b^ar S. E. then fleer for Bram'spoint j "when within one mile, keep the point juft open on the larboard bow, and by rounding it within a cable and a half's length, you will get 4 or 5 fath. oms 5 when abreaft of the point, haul about one third fiom the larboard Ihore : when Inlf a mile within the point, it is fhoal water, and not riiore than 14 feet over that part of the river. This bank, or bar, runs nearly a mile ; after palTing it, you Will get 3* and 4 fathoms ; when within half a mile of ParmeraHcl-rcdoubt, you will get only 13 feet : ftill keep one third from lire larboard ftrore, but not mure, to avoid a wreck which lies lunk olf the redoubt. When abreall of the firft redoubt, fleer for the flag, ftafron FortAiiifterdam i you will then deepen your water ; a black buoy is l?id on the wreck, and mull bt Itft on the lartcird hand. When abreaft of Fort- AmfitT dam, keep near the fhore in 4 or 5 fathoms, till you are near the lall plantation, off which are 14 or 15 feet. If bound to Pari- marbo, and abreaft the laft plantation, fleer for the flag.ft;affon Lulan'dia^ in II feet, about half a mile ) about two miles further you will get 13 feet, Ibfi mud ; but within one mile of Fert-Zetaiidia you will detrpen your water, and olf the fort, get 7 fathoms. Care mull be taken not to come near any of the points infide Bram's-poinI, becaule there are many fhoals of tnuU; the (larboard Ihore is ihodX from Bram's-fioint to Fort Zeiandiat ,0T. for the river DftHetartt n i\ fathoms ■, they will s ihould anchor wi'h th« or lo miles from Spirit- in the forinn, it is much oats will teteh ofttiier off e feen from the deck of i ;nud, much more io than 'lump, and lend a boat on care mnft be tnken not to eiigui's from the land, and •ably by z I'. M. you will lore ; about 8 P. M. you along (bore Jioiii theenft- ide be'ore you, it will be ie wind diiiWs round wtft, ) be in (bore, liy taking may beat from Demerarj wringing vt to bear S. b. E« any other with the lame point to bear S. E. b. S. r and a half fathoms ; then en lleer for Brum's -point ; on the laiboard bow, and you will get 4 or 5 fath- le ihiid fiom the larboard flioal wafer, and not riiore bank, or bar, runs nearly a ihoms ; when within half ly 13 feet : ftill keep one » avoid a wreck which lies redoubt, (leer for the flag, your water ; a black bijoy o.\rd hand. When abreal): or 5 fathoms, till you are 5 feet. If bound to Pari- the flag-ftaffon Lulan'dia^ irther you will get 1 3 feet, dia you will deepen your lull be taken not to come lie there are many fhoals of to lort i^elanditt '#■ II. M. 5 00 5 6 30 10 7 00 AMERICAN COAST PILOT. 141 THE TIDES. Times of High Water, alfu!^ audcbange oftheMoon, Seven miles off Bram's-point At Bram's-point . ... Off Forl-Antfierdam ... Fort-ZcLandia ... The tides flow 7 feet at full and clunge, and between three and four at neap tides ; the water falls one foul before the lUeamisdonc running in the mid*channel. The Conji of Guavana. SHIPS bound from the Caribbce IJlands to the coad of Cuayana, fhould (leer as far to the eadward as S. E. if the \.ind will permit, on ac- count of a'drong indraught, or current, letting at all limes of the year to the wellward ihioiigh the (iu// ol Paria. On the outward edge of the ground, you will p-rtcive the colour of ilie water change to a light green, and have from 3^ to 45 fathoms. If in that depth you (hould be lb far to the fouthward as 7 (leg. 25 min. iiorth luitudCj yon may (leer in S. W. and make the land ; but if mure to the north ward, keep your wind till you at- tain that latitude. You will have gradual lunndings cjuite to the (hore, but very firallow. You will be in 9 fathoms whep you lirft get fight of the land about Demtrary, but you may run in 4 fathoms, being attentive toyouf lead. As it is the general opinion th^t tliere are many unexplored bnd- banks on this coaft, a great attention 10 the K.ul, and quality of ihe groundi will be necelTary, as by that only you will be apprised of the danger, for, as on moft parts of this coaft to the caftward of the River Orociioko, the bot- tom is a very ioft mud : if on a fudden you find hard landy ground, be af. fiired fome danger is near, and immediately haul o(T, till you again find loft ground as before. The making of the land, all the way from Oroonoko as far to the eaftward as Cayenne, is very low and woody, and therefore appears in all parts (b much alike, that the moft experienced pilots are frequently deceived. Your thief dependance, therefore, is in a true dlticude ; if th^t, by reafonof thick weather, cannot be obtained, it will be vlvifable to anchor in about 6 fath- oms, which you may do with great fafety, havin/, good grour^d, and in general moderate gales and fin(K>tli water. The making of the land about Dcmcrary is the moft remarkable of any part of the coaft ; the wtxxis in many places being burned down, and clear- ed for cultivation, makes the land appear in large gaps, where the houfes,'&c. are plainly to be leen ; and if there are any (hips lying at the lower part of the river, their maft-heads may plainly be dclcried above the trees at lome diftance at fea. If bound into Dimcr/iry. you muft i-un to the weftward till you bring the entrance of the river b, ii. W. or S. b» W. and cither lay to, or anchor tor the tide, in 4 fathoms ; b it be cantioos not to be hauled further tc th« Weftward, for the flood runs ilrong into the River EJ/'rqueh, at the mouth 11 I , i 1 1 m «4» AMERICAN COAST PILOT. of which, and at a great diftance from the land, lie many very dangrrmii land banks, on fomc of which there are not more than 9 or ID feet, and the flood tide lets right on them. On many parta of thia co«ft, particularly off Point Spirit to the eaftwaid of Demtrary, the flood tide fets right on the fhore, and tlie ebb right off to the N. E. It will be advilable, when calm and near the land, to anclior in time. In the month of December there is, at times, particuUrly in fhoal water, fn the coming in of the flood, a great tea called the Boilers ; it in often fatal to veffels at anchor. DEMERARY. AT the entrance of the Rivfr Demtrary, and E. N. E. and W. S. W. the miwn makes full lira, and the water at fpring-tides riles 8, or 9 feet. From each point of the river runs ofl a flat mud-bank, at lead 3 leagues, on many part* of which there are from 8 to ij feet at high water, iietwecu thefc banks lie the entrance and bar of the river, on which, at Ipring tides, there are ao feet, foft ground. If the wind fhould call out, be cautious, and not fbnd too near tl«c weft bank, as the fluod tide fets on it in an ob- lique direftion, and the ground in lome parts is hard land, but you may borrow on the end bank at pleafure, being all foft mud. About 6 miles on the weft fide of the river, ftands a remarkable lofty tree by iifelf, the branches of which appear to be withered, and 3 or 4 miles above that, there is a iuji of trees^ or bujh, which is very remarkable. In running into the river, the leading mark is to keep the withered tree on with the wefternmoft part of tin: /«//, or bujk, which will carry you in the bert water, and about mid-channe!, fleering, at the fame tivie, S. b. W. by comoafs. The breadth of the channel going in is about two miles, ihoaling gradually on each fide. The anchoring ground is within the eaft point, in 4 fathoms at low v aicv, Toft mud. Keep the eaftern Ihore on board, the weftem fide beujg Uai: and iVio;!. It is neceflary 10 v/c-igh the anchors once every ten days, or they wdl bury fo much as to I, .uppoled to be loft N. B. The thwart mark to know when you are without the bar, is when Point-Spirit comes open to the northward of Corrobana point, and you have 4 fathoms. < tLLJ-J Hemarks made among the Weftiodia-Iflands. MART IN ICO. 14° a*' POINT-SALINES, the fouth end of Marlinico, is in lat. . N. and lies N. W. jsS leagues from the north end of Barbadoes, and N. W. J N. 34 leagues from CarliJU-bay. It confifts of feme low rocky ill- aiids, lying near the main land, which is alio low. Diamond.roch. lies N. W. from Point-Salinei, and is remarkable, by be- PILOT. J, lie many very dangrmtn lore than 9 or lo fcrt, and Point-Spirit in the tadwaid lorr, and (lie ebb right oft to d near the land, to aticlior in tarticuUrly in (hoal watei, e HoUcri ; it i» often fatal and E. N. E. and W, S. W. ring-tides rilcx 8. or 9 feet, d-bank, at leaft 3 leagues, on ret at high water, lietwecn r, on which, at Ipring tides hould cad out, be cautious, lOil tide fets on it in an ob- is hard land, but you may Toft mud. er, ftands a remarkable lofiy tu be withered, and 3 or ^ fh, which K very rcmarkabU*. I lu keep the withered tree on which will carry you in the t the fame tine, S. b. W. by n is about two miles, (hnaling id is within the ead point, in : eaftern ihore on board, the •very ten days, or they will N. B. The thwart mark hen Point-Spirit comes open have 4 fathoms. cdiodia-Iilands. Marlinico, is in lat. 14° %'i' h end of Barbadoes, and N. onfiftsof Tome low rocky ill- ow. nfi, and is vemukable, by be- AMERICAN COAST PILOT. H9 \x\% a high, flecp, round mck, about a mile from the main ; it U faid there is a good palTage between them. The fhore, between the Ihamond-rock and Point -Satintt, is low, and forms a bay, called St. Ann's-bay, which is laid to be a very gOnd road for (hips. Diamond-point lies 3 miles N. W. b. W. from Diamondroik, and about a miles N. N. W. \ W. from Diti- mond-ptintt is Point-Solomon, on which is a fmall battery. Both thefe points are high, deep, and rocky. Point-Solomon forms the fouth fide of Fort- Royal bay, and the point of Morn-Boef the north. From thefe points the bay grows narrower until utk as high ai Fort-Royal, where it ia not abo\w 3 o*^ 4 miles acrols ; and the Oiorcs ar; every where fieep, having 9 or 10 fathoms a (hip's length from the (horc and half a mile farther out there is no bottom. On the "buth fide of Fort- Royal bay, about 4 miles above Point-Solomon, is Pigeon-ijand, (Irongly fortihed with cannon and loortars ; and 4 miles fiirther up the bay, on the north fide, aie the town and fortifications of Fort. Royal, which, with Fort'Bourbon over it, make a very formidable appearance. Point-Nigris lies on the north fide of the bay, 3 miles weft from Fort- Royal. It IS low, and thfre is a ftrong maiked battery on it. About a miles N. W. from Point-Nigris, where a rivulet of frefli wafer runs down a deep and fertile valley into the fea, is the village of Ca/e-Na- vires ; the principal part of the village is dole to the lea fide, under a rifing ground, a little eaft from the mouth of the rivulet ; hut there ate (everal hnulirs on the plain, to the weft of the rivulet, all itf which go under the name of Cafe-Navires ; alfo on a bluff point a little eaft of the town, is a Imall battery, with a flag-ftalT- Abreaft of the town of Cafe-Navires, is an excellent road for (hips ; it lies from abreaft of the wefternmoft hcufes in Cafe-Navires to abreaft of the battery eaft of it. The bank for anchoring reaches about a cables and a half's length from the (hore, the firft hatf-cable*s length of which is a (hoal along the beach, deepening to 3 fathoms on the outer edge ; from thence the bank deepens to 5, 7, ro, i c, 18, and 35 fathoms, a cable's length from the edge of the (hoal. Abreait of the battery, the ground is clean fand, from thence (bftening to very (oft mud abreaft the wefternmoft houfrs in Cafe-Navires, but when without 14 or 35 fiithoms, the ground is hard and gravelly. Ships intending to anchor in Cafe-Navires road, muft turn to windward, until they bring the eafternmoft clufter of houfes in the town on a line with the middle of the valley behind them, bearing about N. b. E. } E. or N.N.E. before they (bnd in for the anchoring place ; then fteer in for it, with the duller of houfes on with the valley ; and when the point between Cafe-Na- viret and Cafe-Pilote is opening without the land to the N. W. of it, you are entering on the bank, in 45 fathoms ; fteer in fo as to have the weftcru- moft houfe of this clufter on with the middle of the valley ; and by the time Le-Grofe-point (on the oppoftte fide of the bay) is (hutting in behind Point-Nigris, in a large fhip you may let go your anchor in i8 or Jo fath- oms ; but fmall velTels may ftand in with this mark to 9 or 7 faihon's. Cafe-Pilote is the next village to the N. W. of Cafe-Navires; it is dole to the Tea fide, with a (mall battery at the weft end of it. Fort Capet and C.arbet arc other two fmall villages, between Cafe-Pilote and St. Pierres, li.iving each a Iniall batter}' by them. Ill lailing round the point of Morn-Boef, you will open St. Pierres^ which is a large, well-built town along the bottom of the bay, having leve- ral handlome public building^j in it, which make a fine appearance fiom the I i I ¥ i'! »44 AMERICAS COAST PILOT. fca. TItc ri4./it ibn-illthe iiiuth eiitl uf the town, and the fliipi inclior clule (II the fhorc. From St. J'urtit to the tXMth end of the idand, are TcvcnI vilUffet, with fmall batteri.-». The (hotc* are Vfiy (lerp, and there arc no hidden fhln ox JhoaU Id hurt a nii(> on rhe ued liik ot A/ai /inn o, excepting the bouuiii of fort Rival bay, wh«Me aru Icveral yA#a.'i, the outennod of wliich it abrcitd of the inwnol Fort Hovul, The hiKholl mountain* in Martinico, like tlwfe of tlie other idands, are almofl continitally covered with clouds, which intercept the general cotirfe of the trade wirvli, and thert^fore caule calmi, or Variable winui, to leeward of them, wliich give the inu\l bittei;i