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 rata 
 
 9 
 
 teiure. 
 
 
 32X 
 
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TELEGRAPHY BETWEEN ENGLAND AND AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Canadian OmoES, 17, VirroniA Street, 
 
 London, S.W., July \Uh, 1890. 
 
 TO AUSTRALIANS AND NEW ZEALANDERS. 
 
 Fellow Colon istb, 
 
 I beg leave? to nddresR you on it subject of more than ordinary iinjiortance at the present 
 moment, when your Colonies are completely cut off telegrai>hically from the rest of the world. 
 
 The Hucompanying corresjwndence with I^ord Knutsford refers to the traffic-revenue 
 guarantee, jiroposed to be given to the Eastern and Eastern Extension Telegraph Companies. 
 I have the best authority for stating that my letter of June 26th, fairly expresses the Canadian 
 view of the case. 
 
 While the reply of the Secretary of State indicates that the Home (iovernnient declines 
 to join in the guarantee, there is, as I am informed, some probability that the Australian 
 G-overnment« may, under force of circumstances, accept the terms offered by the existing Telegraph 
 Companies. I venture therefore as a fellow Colonist to jioint out that by co-operating with Canada 
 a much more advantageous arrangement can be effected. 
 
 The proposed guarantee to tlie F^steru and l<jistem Extension Telegraph Companies, 
 it is estimated by the representatives of tiiese companies, would add to the liabilities of the 
 Australasian Colonies, i'54,000 more or less per annum. 
 
 The length of cable to reach across the Pacific from Canada to New Zealand and Australia, 
 allowing 20 per cent, for slack, is estima'"d by competent authorities -"t 8,900 miles. A .able of 
 the very best type can be laid over tl. distance for less than £1,750,000; it is perfectly safe 
 therefore to take the outside cost in round figures at £1,800,000. 
 
 1 have elsewhere given good reasons why this cable should be a public undertaking, owned 
 by the Governments, worked and managed under a (Jovernment Si.perintendent. 
 
 If so establiNhed, the whole capital, under a joint Government guarantee, could be raised at 
 about 3 per cent., and would involve an annual charge of £ r)4,000, 
 
 I have I'scwhere given indisputable evidence that telegraph messages may be sent between 
 England and Australasia by the Canadian route at less than one-<juartcr the present rateM. 
 
 1 need scarcely ask which course should be followed. The (piestion is should a monoply 
 of telegraiih busineHS bo built up in the hands of the existing Companies, or is it in the public 
 interest to eslahlisli an in<lependent line, owned by the public, anil under Government control? 
 The one course would reduce the cost of telegraph messages to one-half the present rates, and add 
 a liability to the Ausvralian Colonies estimated at £54,000 per annum. The second course would 
 reduce the cost of messages to oue-tpiarter the present rales, and involve no heavier annual 
 charges, while the £54,000 guarantee wouhl be slmnsd by Canada, and, 1 trust I may a<ld, by the 
 nu)ther country. iMoreover, the cable would be owned by the contributing (iovernments, and the 
 profits would ai-crue to reduce, perhaps eventually (Extinguish, tiie interest eiiarges. This is merely 
 the fniancia! view of the question; its momentous political asjiect is dealt with in my letter to 
 l<onl Kuiitfford (appended), and in of iier documents submitted to Her -Majesty's (iovernment. 
 
s ':;';"■'■■- ._ ; 
 
 The Admiralty has had in hand the work of Bounding the new route since the beginning 
 of 1888, K> that there can be nothing to prevent the survey being completed during th<* manu. 
 faotore of the cable, and the whole laid within two years. 
 
 At, this moment, when the existing cables are brokon down in three places, I feel it a public 
 duty to inibmit the case as it now stands for your earnest consideration. I humbly think I have 
 shown bow you may speedily on easy terms obtain cheap telegraphy and the incalculable 
 
 advaatflgcs of au alternative line by the Cauadian route. 
 
 I have the honour to be, ^:y 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 SANDFORD FLEMING. 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 Letter from Sa.hi)fobd Fuimino to LoBo KmrfStoau. 
 
 HOTBL ViCTOBIA, NoBTHUMBEBLAND AVEmn, 
 
 LoNDOH, W.C, J\me 26</i, 189'^. 
 The Bight Honourable Lord Kvutsford, 
 
 Secretary of State for the Colonies. ^ .,i'^'' ■'•'■'; '<■■■<■ • ••• ■ i,)i.. 
 
 My LoBD, 
 
 I feel constrained to address you on a subject which concerns Canada not less than other great 
 divisions of the Empire. 
 
 When I left Ottawa two weeks ago, the matter to which I desire to refer had not been noticed in 
 any quarter on the other side of the Atlantic. My attention has been directed since my arrival here to 
 communications in newspapers of recent date, and more particularly to an article in the Timet of the 20th 
 instant, on the subject of telegraphy between Great Britain and Australasia. , , . . 
 
 If I understand the proposal which has been made, it is that the charges for telegraphing should be 
 reduced to about one-half the present rates, on condition that the Imperial and Australian Governments 
 join in guaranteeing a certain revenue to the Eastern and Eastern Extension Telegraph Companies ; which 
 guarantee would involve a liability estimated by the representatives of these companies at .£54,000, more 
 or less, per annum. To put the proposal in other words, the Governments are asked, as I understand it, to 
 assume the responsibility of supporting and maintaining the monopoly of the present line of telegraph for 
 a period of ten years. 
 
 The proposal is not new. It was mode by the same Companies in a slightly modified form (the 
 principle being the same) three years ago, but it was not then seriously entertained. My surprise is that 
 it should again be renewed, and I feel it a public duty to point out the consequences which will result 
 should the proposal be accepted. 
 
 To enable me to do so it is necessar} that I should refer to the proceedings of the Colonial 
 Conference of 1887, at which I \aA the honor to be one of the representatives of the Dominion. 
 
 At this Conference an obligation rested upon the Canadian Delegates to explain the position of 
 Canada in relation to the tvlugraphic communications of the Empire, and it was acknowledged by nearly 
 every member of the Conference, that it would not be (wssiblc to overlook the undertakings and the pt'culiar 
 geographical situation of the Dominion, in consi'lering the telegraphic reUtions of EiUgland and Australia, 
 and in dealing with Im|>orisl communications as a whole. 
 
 Bo much importance was attached to tho subject, that after the propoNol nf the Telegraph Companies 
 was submitted and every argument in its support advanced by their most able advocate and representative 
 Sir John Tender, the Conference formally adopUtd two resolutions in favour of the Canadian route, and 1 
 desire to emphasise the fact that no propositiens brought before the Conference were nssented to more 
 ordiaily or with greater unanimity. 
 
 ^HSX^ 
 
BJLS2 9 
 
 These resolutions read as follows t- - ' i :•'• •■•, .' i •• 
 
 lat. " That the connection recp.ntly formed through Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific by 
 railway and telegraph opens a new alternative lino of Imperial communication over the high 
 seas, and through British possessions, which promises to be of great value alike in naval, 
 military, commercial, and political aspects." 
 
 2Bd. "That the connection of Canada with Australia by direct submarine telegraph across the 
 Pacific is a project of high importance to the empire, and every doubt as to its practicability 
 should, without delay, be set at rest by a thorough and exhaustive survey." 
 
 The explanations and discussions of which these resolutions were the outcome, set forth in ample 
 detail that the true way to permanently reduce the charges in telegraphy between Great Britain and 
 Australia is to utilise tiie Canadian route, and establish a new cable across the Pacific from the western 
 coast of the Dominion. It was likewise shown that by this alternative route the electric cable would be 
 laid in deep water, and the telegraph would pass through countries I'.nder the British flog, and in 
 consequence would in every respect be safer from injury than the existing line, and more permanently 
 Norviceable in peace or war. 
 
 The representations of the Conference were considered of so much importance that the Admiralty 
 commenced a survey of the new route, and up to the present time has, as far as I am aware, discovered no 
 difficulties in the way. Possession has also been taken by Great Britain of a number of islands in the 
 Pacific, for the purpose of establishing mid-ocean stations. ' ' '•'" 
 
 Keuoguising that negotiations were necessary in order to reach a common understanding, the 
 Government of Canada two years ago invifjcd the Governments of Australia and New Zealand to send 
 delegates to Canada to consider the whole question of telegraphic and trade relations, and arrange terms. 
 Correspondence resulted, involving delay, and it was finally ag^ed that delegates should be sent from 
 Canada to Australia. Accordingly, the Canadian Government appointed delegates last year, but the 
 proponed federation of the Australian Colonies postponed their visit under the conviction that more 
 effective action would be attainable after federation became accomplished. The unfoitunate delay proceeds 
 from causes, some of which exhibit the extreme desirability of having closer connection by a direct cable 
 across the Pacific. I believe I am correct in stiiting that the Canadian Government only awaits the proper 
 moment again to commission delegates to proceed on the same mission. 
 
 Under these circumstances it certainly would be a retrograde step to adopt the pro])osal of the 
 liastern and Eastern Extension Telegraph Companies. Its adoption would practically put an end to any 
 prospect of connecting Canada and Australia telegraphically for ten years to come, possibly for a much 
 longer period. Admitting all that can be said in favour of reducing telegraph charges, admitting that 
 they cannot be reduced a moment too soon, would it be wise to prevent the establishment of an alternative 
 line, which, to a greater extent than by ony other means, would huvo the effect of reducing these charges? 
 it time bo an element of importance, is not the true policy to accelerate the survey undertaken by the 
 Admiralty, and make arrangements for establishing the new line with the least possible delay ? It is 
 obvious that the acceptance of the proposal of tiie existing Telegraph Componies would prove a serious blow 
 to Colonial development and commercial exponsion on the waters of the Pacific. It cannot be accepted 
 without completely ignoring the commanding [wsition of the Dominion, and disregarding all that Canadian 
 enterprise has done to make that position commanding. Would this be wise ? Is it expedient ? Are 
 there not Imperial interests of the first magnitude involved in the question? 
 
 In 1888 Her Majesty's Government advis<>d the Queen to summons a Conference for the discussion 
 of questions of general importance to the whole Empire. The Colonial Minister in calling the Conference 
 s;)ecially alluded to the devehipment of Imperial telegraphic communications, and gave expression t<j the 
 opinion that " they should be considered as a whole, in order that the needs of every pirt of the Empire 
 " may, as far as practicable, be provided for, and that suggestions may be obtained from all quarters as to the 
 " best means of establishing a compUite system of communication without that increased expenditure which 
 " necessarily results from isolated action.** 
 
 The joint deliberation of Delegates from all parts of Her Majesty's Empir(\ and the formal submission 
 of their deliberate opinion under the circumstances of their appointment, and in view of the objects for 
 which they were called together, should carry with it due weight. 
 
 Tbo reduction of telegraph charges is most important, but there are other momentous considerations, 
 nnd while it has Ixvn iridisputahly shown that the new line will be able to do its work at far lower rates 
 thun in poN.iible by the old line, moot impuftaul advantages uf another kind can justly be claimed for it. It 
 will secure to the mother country a second and more direct means of reaching Australia, incidentally 
 
affording the much -needed connection with Fiji and otlier outlying dependencies. It w II indirectly give 
 a new inenns of comiiiunioation with India, Hiiuiild the lines througli Kurope nnd thi- It^'d Sen beroiiic 
 through war or other cauni'8 iinuKiible. The new line will create oouini m inti-iL'sts iM'lueeii Aii»tniliiiiiN 
 and Canadians ; it will bring closer together the great outlying divisions of the Eui|iire : it will play nu 
 iiiipoi'tant part in fostering British coinniercc ;i;mI upiiolding the IJi-itiMli tlaj; on the raeilic. I liiiiidil) 
 tiiiiik that the i.'64,(XK> per aniuiiii, or whatever sum may be re(|uir.'d to i-arry out the proposal now Is'forc 
 the Government, would nion* advantageously be expended on the establishment of n new cable across the 
 Paeifie from Canada to Australia. Canada has always Is-en prepared to contribute lier full proportion ol 
 expenditure on works of an imperial character. If she has expendeil lil'ty millions of pounds sterling in 
 building a great national highway from the Atlantic to the Pacific, who can doubt tiiat she will b»' nmdy 
 to do her shart^ in establishing a new telegraph from her western coa.st to Australia. Is the opitiion ^-f the 
 Colonial Conference, unanimously e.xpressed, to be unheeiled ? Is it expedient tiiat Canada and the 
 Canadian route should be wholly ignored? Is it desirabh* that any course should be followed which will 
 di'bar the Canadian Dominion from co-<)p<u'ating with her sister Colonies and with the Mother Country in a 
 matter in which they each liiive a common interest ? I venture to think that aid in the way proposed to 
 the existing companies would Ix' fatal to any Pacific telegraph ; it would essentially Ix- a step backwards, 
 and could lead to uo is'rnujnent good, while the same outlay expended in another direction would i-esult in 
 incalculable advantages. I speak advisedly, and w ith a I borough knowledge of w hat I speak, w hen I say 
 that the sum of i;54,0O0 per annum from the Australian and Imperial Governments, added to the 
 assistance which may reasonably bi' expected from Canada and from other sources, would insure the 
 uomidetion of telegraphic communication k^ween Great Britain and Australia by the Canadian route, and 
 would realise the fulfilment of a national idea pregnant with lasting advantages to the great and g[rowing 
 communities under the one flag on the three continents. It would secure the completion of an alternative 
 line of communication— British throughout- to multiply and strengthen the ties which bind the Empire 
 together. 
 
 1 trust I may be pardoned for presenting the sut ■ ct as it strikes a Canadian. However ungracious 
 the task, I am im])elled by a sense of duty to seek the euiliest opportunity earnestly to point out that in 
 my humble judgment it would 1k> an error of grave magnitude, equally in the interests of the Mother 
 Country, Australia, and Canada, to give effect to the proposal now under the consideration of th<' 
 
 Government. 
 
 I have the honour to be, 
 
 .My Lord, 
 
 Tour olx'dicnt servant, 
 
 SANDFC^UD FLEM I NG. 
 
 Lttifr from C<)i/>MAi, Offipk to Mr. SA^nvonn Fr.EMiKo, C.M.ti. 
 
 Dow NINO Htrbct, 
 
 7tl, July, 1800. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I um (liifcted by Ijord Knutsford to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 26th 
 ultimo, in which you draw attention to the evils which you eimsider would accrue if Jler Majesty's 
 Government should entertain the proposal to join the Australian Colonies in sharing the payment 
 of the present coble subsidy, and in a guarantee to the Eastern and Eastern Extension Telegraph 
 Companies, in consideration of the reduction in the telegraph rates. 
 
 In thanking you for your observations, which have been laid K'fore the Lords Commissioners 
 of the Treasury, 1 am desired to refer you to the answer given by Mr. Jackson to Sir (i. Baden-Powell 
 in the House of Commons on the 12th ultimo, in connection with this proposal. 
 
 1 am, Sir, 
 
 Your ols'dient Servant, 
 
 JOHN BRAMSTON. 
 
 liT OTE. 
 
 On June 12th, in the House of Commons, Mr. Jackson, in reply to Sir G. Baden-Powell, intimated 
 that Ilcr Majesty's Government had not been able to accede to the proposal to join the Australian Govern- 
 ment in the proposed guarantee to the existing Telegraph Company. On the 17th, Mr. (toschen further 
 discus8«!d the cpiestirjU with the .\gents-General, and promised that the matter would he fully reconsidered, 
 and o definitive r»>ply given. The above letter of July 7tii, from the Colonial Ofiieo, goes to show that 
 Her Majesty's Government remains in the position indicated by Mr. Jackson on June 12tb.