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MICTOCOrv IISOIUTION TI$T CHAIT 
 
 lANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
 A •dPPLIED irvHGE 
 
 1653 Eos- Ua.r, Sl,«i 
 
 ("6) 482 ^ 0300 ^Phont 
 (716) 288 - 5989 - Foi 
 
t'l'.-S'h 
 
 / 
 
 y 
 
 it 
 
 THEJTRADE OF SOUTH CHINA 
 
 ■ d IIATIOKERY 
 OCT 16 1961 
 
 Docun-9nts Library 
 
 REPRINT 01^ ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE OF CANADA 
 
 BETWEEN OCTOBER, lo;. AND JANUARY, 1919. 
 
 ^ * 
 m .^ 
 
 TRADE COMMISSIONER. L. P. WILGRESS. 
 
 Published by Authority of Rt. Hon. Sir GEORGE E. FOSTER, G.C.M.G.. P.C., 
 
 Minlitcr of Trade end Commerce. 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 J. DK LABR(JQUERIE TACHft 
 
 PRINTER TO THE KINO'S MOST E.XCELLENT MAJESTY 
 
 1111 
 
atm^^^t 
 
THE TRADE OF SOUTH CHINA 
 
 REPRINT OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE OF CANADA 
 
 BETWEEN OCTOBER. 1918 AND JANUARY, 1919. 
 
 TRADE COMMISSIONER, L. D. WILGRESS. 
 
 View '<! Honn Konii friiiii the Peak. 
 
 Published by Authority of Rt. Hon. Sir GEORGE E. FOSTER. G.C.M.G.. P.C. 
 
 Minister of Trade and Cofntnerce. 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 .1. UK LABROQI-KRIE TACHft 
 
 PRINTER TO THE Kl.VO S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTI 
 
 1919 
 
 56716—1 
 
CONTEITTS. 
 
 Tnidr PfKiti.iji of IIumk Kuiijf 
 
 Thn ImiKirt 'I'riid.' ul I|i.ii»f Ki.iK ,,, 
 
 Kx|>iirf 'I'riidc (if iliiiiK Koii(c n, 
 
 1^ 
 
 'I \n' ^ lour 'Jiiidi' 
 
 Market for l.imihpr ^ 
 
 29 
 
 Mnrkot tor llafliiiii-r.v, I.oiitluT iiiiil Pii|i.r ™o 
 
 Market for C'iiiiiuhI ri()vi»ii)(i« „- 
 
 Triidi' iif ttip Oiitpi.rN ,,„ 
 
 U»' 
 
 lloiifl; K..iijf Trurle Keturii> ,„ 
 
 ULUSTBATIONS AND MAPS. 
 
 View of Hong Koiisr from the FVuk Title-page 
 
 Map of Canton luver Delta, nliowing Situation (d' Jionir Koiik ;; 
 
 l{ailwa.vs inClMiia (sketeh-niap) 
 
 Mixlprn TravilliuK in South China g - 
 
 View of Shameen, European Settldiient of Canton ,S 
 
 City of Vietoria, Hong Kong (^ 
 
 View of the River Bund, Canton, to-da.v jy 
 
 Water Fete, opposite Shameen. Canton ,- 
 
 Weaving Mafti.i»r: Kxmnple of Chin.-.' IIou<ehol<| K,M,n,.Miy o.j 
 
 Treiit.v Port of Wuchow. West River ,„ 
 
TRADE POSITION OF HONO KONO. 
 
 Mn,,^ K„nir. .lum- .••». i!.|v Tli.. Ilriti,li .nlnu.v ..( M.„.^ K-hk i^ th,. prih.-ipal 
 .■miH.rium i.l tn- i.,i S.miiIi ( liinii. tilling,' tlir -.,i,„. fi„.li..i, wlii.li f..r fli,. N,.rfh 
 • huu. .ih.l \„„Kt/v v,ili,..v i. fiiltill.-,! I,.v Mmii>tl».i. Ahli.uKli .•xUiuliii^ „v.r ii ■•..iii- 
 
 (mn.liv.l.v ,iimll ar.-u, it is ..i f thr .ii.,.i ii„,H,rtunt (>..wi. .„l,„.i.., „f tli.. Uriti.li 
 
 Kiiiiiirc. uiiil lias Ihvii of un-ui usM«l,iiMf i„ Hritisli tni.l.' irit..r,„ts in tlii. Fr Va^l 
 I li.- p..rt «.rvr, ,H til., .listril.iitiiw •ruU;- „f iii.|K.rt.-,i C.rri^^,, k,«„1, f„r .1 iarK-. ...xi.-nl 
 
 ..f t.TrHur.v uml ... tl... .xpurr .,f Chi.,,,., pro-l,.,!, rank. „| „.,|,x to Sl.u..Khu.. 
 
 111." vallt.- of til,, tra.lf ol th,- .olo.i.v U .•^tinmtcl at ov.t *L':.iMMH),lHMt «,,l.| a vtar ai.d 
 
 .t ii.a.v !»• stalr,l tliut apprMvii.ial.l.v u fourth ..f th.- iii,|„,rts u.,.l o,„.-t|,ir,l ..f t(..- 
 
 .•xport. ol th- ,oll....t,s.. tor-i..,, tra. f Chi.,., i„ .,or ti.,,,- „r.. H.,a...-..d a...i div 
 
 tr.b.ili-il ihroi.nl II, I. lie Ko.nf. 
 
 
 a>Wr 
 
 
 
 r,.*''*^*!^^^'^^*^ 
 
 IL 
 
 Map c ( an.'..! .{iver IJflla. sliowiiiK nilualu.ii of Hunu Kuiw, 
 STVTISTK S oK TKAHK. 
 
 Ilo.ijf Koiiff ha.* always l,„.|, a fr,... fH-rt a..<l statisti.-s ,.f trade have hitherto not 
 l.f(.. puhl.sh.,!. For this re as,,., it is ditti.-.ilt t., ,-o„v,-.v a proi».r .•o...-..ptio.. of the 
 ..atnr.. and v„l„..... „f .h.. tra.h- of th,. |K,rl. I.nst ,v,.:ir a s|„.,.ial d-part. .t was e«tub- 
 
liAliitl til AiiiM'rviiu- iiii|N>rt4 himI i'X|Kirtx iiilo iiml fniiii tlii' I'lilmiy, iiiiil li)'nc<'fi>rth 
 viiliiiiltli' iliitii 'Imiilil U- ii\iiiliil>l<'. Till' tiKiiri't fur the lii«t fmir iiiiiiitli« uf lt>l' an> 
 ii|iIH'iiili'il ti llii* ri'|"irl. 'I'lit'ir riliirii" ilu iml -Imw uriuiii >>( ifiiiHirl* it ili'«tiiiHtiiili 
 • if tximrt". It i« tlicnfiiri' nut |Ki.«ilili' tu |irii|Mrl,\ .mihIn/i' tlir liifiin* ;{i\rti Mit- 
 I'hiitiili'M' iiii|i<>rti'<l friiiii ('lih .1 I'f iiliriiiiil n ' riitrnil in llir iiii|Hirt i'<i!iiiiiii uft ,i 
 
 iipiKiir. iitctiiii iiiiiltr till- lii'inl uf ■ximrt-' ulun ri-ix|MirtiM| fruiti tli ilini.v. Tlii' K'xt 
 
 iiiiliriiliiiii i>f till' iiii|Hirtiiiit piirt wliiili llmitr Kmiur |il<t.V4 in tin' fnri'iiirti trmii' uf 
 Cliimi i' iitfuniiil li.v ii rcfiTciMi' tu tlic -l,iti-tii'iil |iiililiriitiuii« uf tin- (liiiic-i- Muritiiiii- 
 Cii-luiiH, ii. iiiii.v Im' -ti'ii fnnii till' fujluwiiii.' Iii!iir<'« ruvcriiiK llif viiir l!*l": 
 
 Viilili 
 I riiilil. 
 
 Tiil;il liniiurtx uf f..rilKii kiimIk iiitii fliliia r,:M.7ic.'.T7» 
 
 liiili.iilB rruin HoiiK KoiiK Iii i,.1ilii.r,ii:l 37''. 
 
 Toliil . iii"irtH uf I'lilhcHr (irmlui u IT".' 1» .■.7j 
 
 Kxiiuii^ ii. tluiiK .;iiiiK ll»,:in.:':!( ■::,■; 
 
 Tuial Hull., uf cliiiKi with furi-licn iMunlrk'' I. ii71 .'..".', l."iH 
 
 TrHilf iif I'hiiia with lliiiiK Kuim .""L'.'lTx.I't. -'•i'. 
 
 Sil iiuiiK Kuii); liii* II |Hi|iulill II uf ulll.V II Hull' uvir .'ilHI.IMNI, It i^ I'viill'lll tIlUt 
 
 iiiil.v 11 tiiiiill |iru|Hirtiiiii uf till' tiiiiil iiiriHivrr vrivrti iiliuvr i'uiiii»ti'il uf tr !■• uriKiiuitiiikr 
 
 ill ur (It'itiiii'tl fur i'uii-<iii:i|itiiiii wilhin tin lun.v. |1\ fur tlir ^'niitir piirt uf tlu' 
 
 Irinli- uf lluii^^ Kiiiiif i« i--n'iitiiill.v -.i ri'-i'X|iiirl liii»iiii'»™, tlii' ruluiiv iiiiiMirliiiK furi'iifii 
 ({iM.ll-. (ur riill-lriliiitiuii in tliu intirmr itnil ri'i'i'lvlnir Suiilli Cliinii |iruiliir|« fur ,«lii|i- 
 
 IIK'Ilt , -lillll. 
 
 A|i..ii frmii In ink: llir runinirriial iiiitri' uf S'liitli ('liinii, iiii ini|Hirl.iiit triin-lii|i 
 tiifiit triiilt' i* riirrii'ij un frmii Ilutiu Kun»r witli tin' I'liilipiiini' UlaniU. Krcin-li iiiilu- 
 China, Sinni, Striiit-< Siftliiiii-nt*. Kutili Kii«t Inilii'i unil utiiir piirti uf llif Far K'M. 
 *'i flint till' (hirt iii'rii|iii'^ a |iu<itiun *uiiir«liat iitiiinii- ainuiik; jtriat rrntri's of ''iili'. 
 lluntr Kmikr invi-s tlii^ puiitiun, tir'-t uf all tu it* iidvaiitiitfiiiiis (.'luvirupliiral situation 
 anil. siTundly. to tlir nnuxri'lli'il -tiniii^liiii runni'i'tiuii with all part-i uf tin- worlil. 
 Must uf thr triiiKpai'itii -tcaiii-li;,) liin"< liavi. tlii'ir Far Kii»trrii ti'riiiinii« at Iluiiif 
 Kuiitf, wliih- all iitliiT sti'iiiiiurs tu anil from China ami .lii|iiiii I'all at thi' |Hirt. In 
 aililitiun niiini'ruiH iin>l frn|iiriil luaitiil srrvi>i-i iimviili. roiinri'tiuiiJ' with the mil- 
 purts on thr inainliinil anil thi- uiitl,\iiiM: i^lninls. Ai'i'unlinK tu tho shippinK ri'turii* 
 of till' Hritish Uoiiril of Trailf tin- nuinliiT and tuiiiiiiKi' uf vi-sscls in furrixn trndr 
 I'litiTi'd and rh'ariHl duriiijr thi' year T.'l.'! was i'.'i'Jii and :i."i.>*:il,tl."(:i tons; thus in 
 rrspi'i'l of tiiiiinik;!' Ilunk; Kun^ has ranki'd with l/uiidon and I.iviTiHiol as oiif of *h<' 
 thrci- hirni'st ports in tin- world. 
 
 In vii'W of thr rxri'lli'iit sliippiim' finilitii's fruiii llunjr Kuii)r. ninny iiniiniirrial 
 hmiM's find it runvi'iiiriit tu kii'ii »tiirks nt tin' p'lrf un wliirli thry I'liii draw as oi-casiuii 
 ri'i|niri's to -.upply tlw various Far Fastrrn tirriturirs tu thi' smith. I'lifurtuiiatt'ly 
 no statistii's arc availahh' to show tho I'Xtiiit uf this ru-uxport tradi' with I'ountrien 
 other tliiin Cliinu. Many of tho steaniiTs I'lilliii;.' at lluiitf Kuiikt taki- un stor.'s or retit 
 thi'ri' and this hrlps to furnish no iiirunsidcriihli' |iart uf tlii' luial hii»iiii'«s uf thu 
 roloiiy. 
 
 TIIK SlUTII (IIIN \ Til VliK l-IKl.ll. 
 
 A ulaiiii' at till' map uf tlio Far Fast will slmw the advantajtrs whii-li Iluiitf Konp 
 <ii'ri> -s fruiii its krcujrraphii'al situatiun. Thi' ruluny i^ situatid at latitudi- -'J^ 1h N. and 
 loiii;itudf' 114' 10 F., liiMicc just within thi- Trupii's. Thi- China iiiast at aliout latitude 
 iiti" makes a tri^nt Im-iuI to the soiithwest and lluntr Konjr is so situnte<l as to he almost 
 ill the eeiitre of the seinieinle so formed. It is thus within eoiivenient distance of a 
 larire part of the interior of China south uf the Yanjrtze valley. Tlie eolony also is 
 iii';iv the nioutli of the Canton or I'earl river, whiili is formed h.v the eonverKintf of 
 several rivers iiavitraMe for jrreat dislain'i'-. and pruvidinn fairly easy eoinniunieution 
 
for II wide t<<tit <).' ti'rrit'>r>. Thiit inakfn Iloitg Kong th>' iriit>-wii> t"r tin- wIimIi' .if 
 thf tiri'B iM'i .I'd liy tlu.i' trml.' Mutt-*. Tlip immt iiiiimrtuiit in th« Wpitt Kivcr routH 
 from (.'antoii, wliii'h iiiiiiiiiMii<i« llii< wholo of thp trnilt- uf tii. |,r,viii<-i' .>f Kwiiiii;i>i umi 
 \tetutT»tf» into Yiiimii ;tri<t Kw.-ifhnu OtliiT routft .li^. rvmjf .,1 ii..-iai..ii urn th«» 
 Xiirtii Kiv«T roiitr wliiili i.tvi-- tin' iviii<t> of Kwiititiiiig north , t'aiitoii, anil l)y 
 nii'iUM of till" < hi'liiiif I'll,, ulfiird, <'iiininiiiiii-ati>iii with tin- wuti'rwuyit of lliuiuu, uiid 
 tlie Ka.tt KiviT routi- wliiili prni'trativ't ovir tho Mi'iliim I'j-^j into wiutlit^ni KiuiiKni. 
 With the oiitiMirtit iiIoiik t\u: '••)u»t utid thu vnUi'.vt cut off frmi tin- Cantou Uivor, and hjr 
 ■•>'!iti'Ui of mountain runui". cxi'i'llent coniniiiiiii'atiun is utTunlid i<y thtt nunii-rou* 
 poattal iit'rvii'i'< from H.>:ik Ivontf. 
 
 Thn territory trilmtary to ll>iiu K'orK lonimfrciHlly thiTft'uri' .-.imiiri-if* th.- whol.. 
 of thi' pri>viii<'i>, iif KwanKtuntf and l\wiiiiK-.i, nd a part of thi- i>rovini'i!n of Fultii-n. 
 KianK-ii, Iluniiii, Kweich'Hv and Vunan. Km 
 [Mrt. where the trade intluenee ,if limit K< 
 territory outlined i* what i- known a, the > 
 
 urea of aliout ;;iH»,iHN( vpiare inih.M and wii.i a iKipulutioii ot upwanU of 
 |ic<jple. 
 
 w II. ly U> Kuid to Im- the mo.-it northerly 
 
 ' erhip-i with that of ShanKhui. Tho 
 
 ill China tradi' *ii'lil. •xtendinir :r an 
 
 •0.<K)0 
 
 RAILWAYS IN SOt'TH CHINA. 
 
 The Houth "■ ''hina i« evmi in.ini iKxirly provided with railway eomniunieation 
 than are the di,li >..■. north of the Viin«t/.e river. The m.>st iin|M>rtniit line at pronent 
 
 
 V ' ■^ 
 
 /^: 
 
 i... 
 
 .•••• 
 
 .*•• 
 
 
 .Tab- V' 
 
 
 
 >K^::^G^r^'^''''^"'^'^ 
 
 <MOU 
 
 .<<•««• tjoivir 
 
 (WHMCV* 
 
 H^/UMTirS /N CH/N/f 
 
 Puss/an and Japanese Oirned ■ 
 
 • ^•W «• J»» «dW 3» 
 
 in operation i.s the Canton-Kowloon railway, 111 miles in length. Thi» railway is 
 partly under British and partly under Chinese administration rroni Canton a line 
 alno runs nortli to Shao-chow. This is a .leetlon, of whav will eventually be the Hankow- 
 Canton railway, with a total length of 7oO miles and connecting the si>uth o£ China 
 with the railway sysU-m of tho north. The other railways already in operation in 
 South China are mostly short lines running from points on the coast and are not of 
 very great importance. Mention may Ihj made, however, of the French railway from 
 the coast of Tonking up into Vunan. This line has diverted a part of the traffic 
 which formerly came down to Canton by th West River route. Lines in South China 
 foi he construction of which arrangements have already been made include a railway 
 from the Yangtze river .southwest to Y^unan, a line from the Hankow-Cinton railway 
 66716—2 
 
at f^Jiuchow to th<? coast at Chiiichow and another north from C'hinchow to the province 
 of Kwcichow. It is cxiKH-twl that the building «' these lines will Ix- proceeded with as 
 8(H.n as the war is over and the nece^^siiry sui>plies and funds are available. The con- 
 str\iction of the.se railways and especially the completion of the Hankow-Canton line 
 should greatly a.>isist the conunercinl and industrial dewloimient of South China. 
 
 PEdl'I.K A\f) I.aN(;1 A(iK. 
 
 The inluibitants of South China are an industrial nice and are to be dlstinffuished 
 from the more literary Chinese of the Yangtze valh^y. Agri.-ulture is the chief occu- 
 r>ati(,n of the |K>ople and the standard of living is low. The surplus remaining after 
 providing for the bare nw-essitics of e.\isteiice is very small. On the other hand China 
 IS beginning to respond to the iiiHuen<-e of western ideas. The future will undoubt- 
 edly be progressive and the modernizing tendency and the raising of the stamlard of 
 
 livi 
 ()« 
 
 hav 
 con 
 the 
 .Swi 
 »rt' 
 
 .Vliiili'in TravellinK in Siuth CliinM. 
 ng will be reflected in a greater ileinaii<l for many „{ the i.roducts of tile West. 
 iiig to the density of poimlation, a slight increase in the consuming iK>wcr of the 
 pie results in a great increase in the demand for goods ini|H.rted from abn.ad. 
 
 A multitude of different dialects are spoken in Sontii China, ca.-h district alin.Kt 
 mg Its own languag... In Hong K„ng the prevailing .iialcct among the Cbincv- 
 im..rcml clft.ss<.s is Cantonese, but the pc.ple of the surmunding .listricts sp,.ak 
 
 Makha language I be ri.'ksha and chair .-oolics and porter, an- immigrants fn,m 
 itow and sp«.ak tl... dndect ,.f that distri<.t. The majority of cducafd Chinamen 
 
 able to understand an.l talk moderately well the official Mandarin language 
 
 'eon Kiiglish is the " lingua I-nm.-a " for nearly nil dealing, with foreigners 
 
 THKATV I'oliTS. 
 
 The 
 
 ctnmenial activity of fonigners in China is largely .onfimxl to certain 
 ports opencfby tn.ity or voluntarily by the Chin.-se CMVcrnment and subject t<> r.-o- 
 lat.o.is agn.iHi u,.on by the parties ciavriied. I'p to JS4i' KumiK-an traders were 
 
 'a.y.Vf>~^'" 
 
greatly rostrioted mid were only permitted to have dealings with the merchants' guild 
 of I'anton. The treaty of tliat year oimmuhI the jmrts of Cantim, Amoy, Fooohow, 
 Niiiirpo and Shaiifrhai to fureifrn trade and tfranted siH-cial privileges. There are now 
 over forty sui-h treaty ports in China, of which some fourteen are in the south. At 
 these iwirts foreign nation.s may e,stahlish consulates and their merchants are per- 
 mitted tit live and do business. On the trade of these ports duties and other dues are 
 levied »i-cording to a tariff setfU-d hy treaty. ]5y the paynu^nt of duty at a treaty port 
 goo(U also are exempted hy all further taxation on movement. This latter jirivilege 
 is iif great im|Hirtance. Foreign imi>orted giKids having omf paid duty at a treaty 
 IKirt can !»■ sent to another treaty port in the interior or on the coast free of the 
 "I.ikin" or trunsit duties, which have s* greatly hindered the domestic trade of the 
 country. The duties at the treaty ports are collected by officers of the Chinese Mari- 
 time Customs, which is under the administration and managi'ment of foreigners. 
 
 The chief trwty i>ort in South China is Canton, which for many .vears held a 
 monopoly of foreign trade. Since the development of Ilong Kong, the direct trade 
 
 >. '.Icrn I ruvcliniK in South ( 'hinu. 
 of Canton with foreign countries has b.H^n limited, the port having becom.' a commer- 
 cial dependency of the British colony. The city is favourably situated to serve as a 
 distributing centre, being near the contluen<-e of three navigable rivers flowing from 
 th.' northeast, north and west. The most imixirtant treaty ports on the Soutli China 
 coast are Swatow, Foocliow. and Amoy. The trade of the two hitter p<irts is on the 
 <lccline with the falling off of the trafhc in Forniosan and local teas. Swatow is a busy 
 little iM.rt with a fairly extensive hinterland, whiili is ,-iit off from Cantni, and the jK.rts 
 to fh,. „„rtli by ranges of hills. S.iuthwest of Ibrng K .iig are the treatv |Hirts of 
 Pak-hoi and Kinnchow and the French leased territory of Kwang-.how-wan. The 
 tra.le of the two former is at pr.'s.'nt small, but capable of d.'velopment. In the interior 
 (iic treaty |M,rts nf Wuciiow at the head of steamboat navigation of the West river and 
 Nii:ning further up the same river are important distributing p<.ints. Kongmo.m on 
 
tho wfst side of the CuiitiMi lliver delta taps a part of the trade of a rich hiiitiTland. 
 from wlioiice come many of tlie emijtraiits to North Araeriea and the East Indies. The 
 Portuguese colony of Maooa is no longer imi)ortant as a commercial centre, except as 
 a p'>rt of departure for coolie emigrants. 
 
 THE CXiLONV OF Ho\(; KONC. 
 
 The crown colony of Hong Kong comprises the island of tnat name and the 
 dependent territory across the harbour known as Kowloon and the Xew Territory. 
 Tlie total civil i)opulation of the colony was estimated in 11)10 at 529,010, consisting 
 of V),,i'Ml non-C'hincse and r>ir>,t)20 C'hine.se. The harbour is one of the finest and 
 most beautiful in the world and has an area of 10 s(iuare miles. The anchorage has 
 a griieral width of a mile and tiiere are entrances from two sides, both well protected. 
 Tile bulk of the poimlation live in the city of Victoria, which is spread for aljout 4 
 miles along the shore of the island. On the hills above the town there is a foreign 
 residential section known as the Peak. The island is about 11 miles long ami frnm 
 
 View of Shanicen Euro(M'an S'ttlcincnl of Canton. 
 
 2 to ."> miles broad a;id i-onsists of a broken ridge .f lofty hills. Them is little land 
 suitable for tillage ami the natural productions of the colony arc few ai unimimrtant. 
 The situation of the town is very beautiful. The .streets and roads an veil made and 
 kept and there are many substantial Ijuildings. T'he planting of forest trees and 
 the draining of stagnant waters has made a desolate and malarial island into one of 
 the healthiest spots of the world in the same latitude. The colon/ therefore reflects 
 great credit on the colonial system and administration of Great Britain. 
 
 ACQUISITION OF THE COLONY. 
 
 The island and harbour of Hong Kdng was ceded to Great Britain by the Chiiif-se 
 G-jvirnment in ISJl. Up to that time foreign traders doing business with the mer- 
 chants' guild of Canton had their headquarters at the Portuguese colony of Jlacoa. 
 
From the year 185*1 th<- devcloinnent of Hon»f Kong »vas rnpicl and the importnniv. of 
 Macna as a centre for trade declined. In IsOO tlie peninsula of Kowloon was definitely 
 cede<l to the British and in l.si>,> another aftreement was concluded whereby China 
 granted the territory behind Kowloon, together with the adjacent islands, for a period 
 01 99 years, thus completing, the defence system and assuring the fortifications of the 
 colony. The area of this new territory is 370 square miles, thereby bringing the total 
 area under the British tliifr up to 410 square miles. 
 
 City (if Victoria, Hiiiik K(i 
 
 GOVERNME.NT. 
 
 The (iovernincnt ,.f the colony is administered by a governor, assisted by an 
 executive council of six official and two unoffici,,! niemliers. Ordinances are enacted 
 by the lepi,bitive council, composed of seven officials and si.x uno.'Bcinls, and pro-idcd 
 over by the frovernor. One of the unofficial members is elected bv the Cbanibor of 
 r.mimerce and another bv the justices of the peace. The other four, two of wlu,in are 
 (. Iiinese of British allefriance. are appoiiit<.d by the Governm.Mit. The froveriM.r is 
 ai.pointed by and acts nn.ler the Colonial Office at lA^rnhm and holds office usuallv for 
 a term of five years. 
 
 INDl.STRIES OK HONG KOXG. 
 
 Honpr Kons has several important industries, in.'ludintr extensive dockvar.l and 
 er:ginwnnK work.s, three sugar refineries, a rope fncfory, eeme.it works, ;; jjIaoJ factory ■ 
 leatber-ckaniMK works, soap factor.-, paper mills, a mafli fa.'torv and several ship- 
 bu.U u>K establishments. In view of the advantajrcous situation of }I„nfr Konp it is 
 ielt l,y many of its busme-s men that many mon- industries c(,uld be atfra. ted to the 
 
colony if proper encouraKenieiit was forthcominK. The dock acpomniodation is fully 
 adequate for the needs of the port. There are two docks over 700 feet in len,?th and 
 several of smaller size. One company has three extensive dockyard establishments 
 fitted with the latest appliances and equipment. This concern is now preparing three 
 new shipways and expects to be in a position next year for building steamships up to 
 16,000 tons gross. Another company has an up-to-date plant, which includes a dock 
 787 feet in length and a building yard fitted for turning out vessels of various kinds. 
 A steamship of over ">.t)00 tons was recently built by this company. There is clso a 
 navnl dockyard with a dock capable of accommodating the largest vessels and several 
 private concerns building small steamers, launches, junks and other vessels. Another 
 industry in Hong Kong deserving of mention is that managed by the Dairy Farm 
 Company, which supplies the Euroi)ean population both at Hong Kong and throughout 
 the Far East, as well as the steamers which call at the port, with fresh milk and other 
 dairy products, poultry, meats, hams, bacon and other i)r)duce. This concern has 
 lately been experimenting with the canning and preserving of meats for supplying ships 
 and for shipment to the tropical districts to the south. 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 Hong Kong is a free port and duties are levied only on a limited number of 
 articles, such .- wines, liquors and tobacco, when imported for local conaumptioii, 
 goods imported and then reshipped from the colony pay no duty. Imports into South 
 China ports from Hong Kong are subject to the Chinese tariff, which is a general ad 
 valorem tariff for revenue purposes, the scale of duty being 5 per cent. 
 
 THE IKPOBT TBADE OF HONO KONG. 
 
 A consideration of the trade of Hong Kong is rendered difficult at the outset 
 owing to the absence of detailed statistics. There are no figures available to show 
 from whence originates the large quantity of foreign goods which pass through the 
 port, nor is it possible to indicate the destination of South China products shipped 
 from Hong Kong. Some idea of the nature of the gix)ds imported may be obtaine<l 
 by a reference to the returns of the Chinese maritime customs covering the import 
 into the principal treaty ports of South China, the bull of the goods imported into 
 these ports being distributed from Hong Kong. The following table shows the prin- 
 cipal articles imiwrted during the year 1916 through the ports of the Canton River 
 delta by steamer and junk. This table is abstractevl from the returns of the Canton, 
 Kowloon, Lappa (Macoa), Kongmoon and Samshui customs houses. The unit of 
 quantity given, viz., tlie picul, is the equivalent of 133S pounds avoirdupois. The 
 average value of the Haikwan tad during the year 1916 was the e<iuivalent of 79 
 cents gold. This table will indicate the nature of the imi>orts into South China and 
 the opportiniities which arc presented therei)y for the enlargement of Canadian 
 trade:— 
 
 IMPORTS INTO TORTS OF THE CANTON" RIVER DELTA. 1916. 
 
 Description of (5oods. riassifier of Tot.il 
 
 Quantity. Quantity. Value 
 
 Opium— "k 'I'* 
 
 BenK,xl Pioul.... 124-29 r2:..Ml 
 
 Malwa •■ H-'SS 142.47:. 
 
 Cotton goodp — 
 
 ShirtinKS, (frey. i lin Piwcs 111.'*;:. 2>*'J.2:»:. 
 
 white, plain " 172.4.10 S10.2SI 
 
 Drills and Jeans " 11.13:. .'«.T4« 
 
 T-oloth» •• 37,921 !)«,ti3S 
 
 Irfnoa and balzarines " 29.771 7:t.0()i> 
 
 Printed poods " 2''.47'> I'.s.ssi 
 
 Dyed Kooda " 7».:i()l 32fi.lS7 
 
 .otton Italians " 4H.202 311.778 
 
 lasthiRs . " 19.7!t2 ins,«24 
 
 •• Spanish stripes " 3.'>7fi 21.sfi3 
 
 iimiLi: 
 
11 
 
 De*:rlptioi, of Goad.. Classlfler of 
 
 ^ .. „ . „ Quantity. 
 
 Cotton Ooodg — Con. 
 
 Flannelettes 
 
 Handkerchiefs " .■,' ;.' .' .' ". ; ;'. Dozens. 
 
 Towels 
 
 Cotton yarn '.' .' ' .'.' .'.' ;.' .'; [] pi^.^i. 
 
 Description of Goods. Classifler of 
 
 „, „ Quantity. 
 
 Woollen goods — 
 
 p"™'*'* Plece.i. 
 
 Laatings 
 
 Spanish stripes Yirds 
 
 Metals — 
 
 Brass and yellow metal sheets and plates. Puuls 
 
 Copper Ingots, slabs, and sheets, new and 
 
 old 
 
 Iron anu m'ld steel, new — 
 
 Bars 1. 
 
 Nail-rod • . . . 
 
 Nails .....'. 
 
 Iron and mild steel, old.. .. .. .'. 
 
 Lead, In pigs, bar , and sheets . ..." 
 
 Steel ■ 
 
 Timed pi, tes 
 
 Zinc (spelter) .. . '. . '. .. 
 
 Sundries — 
 
 Beancake •, 
 
 Beans .'.'*.*.'.*'' •• 
 
 Betelnuts '.'. ' ' " 
 
 Blcho dp Mar .. .. .. .. 
 
 Bran, rice '..'".** ' " ■• 
 
 Cereal.s — Rice and paddy. .. .. .. ' . '" 
 
 Chinaware, earthenware, and iKittery.. 
 
 Cigars and cigarettes " Mille 
 
 ^°^}- •; •, ■.'.■. Tons: 
 
 cotton clijin, native I'i.uls 
 
 " raw ■• 
 
 Dyes — Coal-tar products .. Value. 
 
 Fish and fishery products.. Picjis 
 
 Flour ■ ' ■ ,. ■ 
 
 Glass, window •■ ■■ ^g^^^ 
 
 Groundnuts .' p^^^,{^ 
 
 Leather 
 
 Matches, vood . '. . '. . '. \] '_'_ [[ Gross 
 
 Oil, bean, Kroundnut. etc ' Plcul.s 
 
 " kerosene '.' .. Amer gal.' 1 
 
 Paper f Piculs. 
 
 ,, ,. ) Value. 
 
 "='"""" fiouls. 
 
 Saltpetre .. 
 
 .Sandalwood !!!!!! ■■ 
 
 S. ed, sp"imuin 
 
 Suifar, brown 
 
 white 
 
 " refined ■ • • • 
 
 Sulphur 
 
 Timber, hardwood.. .. V. '.'. '.'. V. ; ; '.; Cubic feet 
 
 T.'"''-'™'';- Piculs. 
 
 vermicelli and mao.^n>n' 
 
 TOttI 
 
 QuantU) 
 
 r. ValuB. 
 
 
 Hk. tla. 
 
 86,471 
 
 293. :i7 
 
 66,292 
 
 2>..')14 
 
 247.364 
 
 ll!l,4U» 
 
 141,21.1 
 
 3.273,371) 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 Quantity 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 Hk. tis. 
 
 1,2S3 
 
 29,396 
 
 3,122 
 
 73,S67 
 
 3.46<) 
 
 3,391 
 
 2,397 
 
 247 
 
 119, .'i60 
 
 12.S24 
 
 22.340 
 
 126,341 
 
 7,398 
 
 39.947 
 
 21.508 
 
 172,721 
 
 20,372 
 
 57, 523 
 
 ir.,248 
 
 235.526 
 
 2,201 
 
 26,362 
 
 20,1 :'9 
 
 204,435 
 
 67 
 
 2.743 
 
 l.i7,907 
 
 382,720 
 
 999,973 
 
 2.874.475 
 
 2S,.'i,^j2 
 
 .ri4,525 
 
 3.8.';- 
 
 137.720 
 
 2.310,1611 
 
 3,384,297 
 
 9,sr.i.46r, 
 
 2s. 312, 624 
 
 .■7,674 
 
 309,963 
 
 
 1,033,389 
 
 379,492 
 
 2,597,715 
 
 31,441 
 
 1.997,070 
 
 24,873 
 
 368.180 
 
 
 93,611 
 
 868,939 
 
 7.482,101 
 
 .138.040 
 
 2.022.134 
 
 10.38.i 
 
 93.519 
 
 1,S97,.'.24 
 
 X. 579, 086 
 
 ■iO..-,13 
 
 3.121.476 
 
 1, .144.716 
 
 632,147 
 
 144,43.-. 
 
 1,137,078 
 
 7,827.017 
 
 5.468,114 
 
 66,548 
 
 543,635 
 
 
 5,- ,-2 
 
 87,.-.07 
 
 643.096 
 
 491 
 
 10.521 
 
 6,426 
 
 71,195 
 
 44,907 
 
 214,545 
 
 114,118 
 
 419.880 
 
 329,0.-0 
 
 2.280.930 
 
 2.i.3.-.3 
 
 225,130 
 
 4.314 
 
 .■.4,181 
 
 ■■..'8.776 
 
 282,481 
 
 39.915 
 
 495 6;x 
 
 57,828 
 
 559 ' 
 
 i-MPORTS OF KORKIGV f;OOnS. 
 
 As may be seen from tue above tal.l,-. the chief im,K.rts of foreign poods into 
 Wo ifT Kong are much the same a.s the roo.Ls which enter Shanghai and the other 
 ports ot (hina. and are comprised principall.v of cotton pieee-iroods. cotton varn 
 woollen goods. ,ro,. and steel and met.<,ls. hardware, timber. ma..hiner.. household 
 stores Uour. leather, -hinawa.e, paints and oil. d.ves and chemicals, kero8..ne ,.=1. soap 
 e:(?arettes. matches, fruit, confectionery and hisenits. Cxreat Britain is the chief 
 supplier nf cotton i.ie.>e-soods to South China, while a considerable busin.>ss is also 
 
 :" ■- „ . ,"""^ ^'='"'" ""'^ -T"!"'"- 'Ihe competition of tie 'atter country, 
 espieially in the coarsei grades of cotton cloth, has latelv become serious and has 
 created much speculati, n n^ardinpr the maintenance of the trade position of Great 
 Britain in the ( I...,,, market. Al«nit two-thirds of th trade of Ortat Britain with 
 
12 
 
 South China is aeoountt'd for hy cotton and woollen textiles. Jnpan i«;'d the United 
 States have taken adviuitii>re of the oppopt\init.v presented by the war to enlarge the 
 market for their produi-ts in China. United St;itps firni-» have been making con?ider- 
 able headway in building up !.n extensive trade and hove been chipping large qupntities 
 of iron and steel and othe • metals, niaehinory, railway e<inipnient, hardware, canned 
 provisions, timber and tiour. The Jaimnose in South China have pursutd the 
 aggressive poii.?y of economic penetration, which also cliaracterizes their acti' icr in 
 the north. The province fif Fukien they regard as their GF"cinl sphert of inlluenc«j 
 by reason of its proximity to Formo.-ia and have been active in the buying up of 
 concessions -ind the instalhition jf elect -Val and other plants in this province. Every 
 effort has been made by the Japanese to increase their export* to South China. The 
 streets of ("auton and other cities reveal a arrcat viiriet;. of c-oods from Japan, including 
 all kinds of the clionp utensils and trinkei-i, which liavc su'a a large sale among the 
 Chinese. Among other p.-omincnt imports tnmi tlii- soup t- may be mentioned textiles, 
 machinery, electrical appliances, drugs and cicmiculs, hosiery, matches, flour, household 
 stores, beer, paper, chinaware, clocks and hardwarr. T'p to the present thi business 
 done with South China in Canadian products hus not Vwcii larp<:. A varying quantity 
 of Canadian flour has been shipptnl to the liong Kong mnrket in past years. A good 
 opportunity should be presented after the war for the enlargement of Canadian trade 
 in such lines as tlour, timber, iron and steel, canned . >vi-ic.iis. dried and salted fi.sh, 
 tinned milk, paper and leatlier. A consideration of tlie trmie witli Hoiig Kong in 
 each of these linos is given below. 
 
 DISTItlBUTION OF IMPORTS. 
 
 The trade of Ilong Kmig with other coinitries both in fi^rcign poods and Chinese 
 products is handled almost optirely by toreign merchant bouses. Tliese firms in many 
 cases have branch(>s throughout the country-. Although often devoting special attention 
 to certain lines, they generally deal in all sons of goods and are usually prepared 
 to take on any new branch of trade that presents itself. The native dealers at Canton 
 and other centres are often represented in Hon? Kong by brokers and make their 
 purchases through tliese iiiterniediaries. The trade in foreign goods is very 
 largely centered in Uong Kong. There are a few foreign firms at Canton, Swatow 
 and other South China ports, who order merchandise dire<-t from the countries of 
 supply, but their field of activity is limited. There is no api^arent tendency for these 
 other ports to become independent commercially of tiie Briti>h colony. The native 
 dealers by buying through Hong Kong hav.: the ehoic'c of a larger and more assorted 
 stock, while no other town is so well situated to serve as a distribution centre. The 
 trade of South China is also in large nicasure financed from Hong Kong. 
 
 niRKCT DISTItmrTlOX. 
 
 Foreign goods arc therefore mostly distribute<l by oative dealers throughout 
 South China, who obtain their supplies from the foreign merchant firms established 
 at Hong Kong. In certain lines, ho\>'ever. there has been a noticeable development of 
 direct business connections with Chinese in the interior. Such articles as kerosene 
 oil. household soap, cigarettes and sugar, having a universal demand and involving 
 the maintenance of large stocks are sold through the medium of an extensive organiza- 
 tion of native agents, superintended by foreign-TS stationed at local centres in all 
 parts of the country. In this way the competition of rivaK is rendere<l diflficult and 
 better control can be had over distribution. It is thought by some that this principle 
 could be extended to other lines and that foreigners should in general take a more 
 active part in the sale of goods to the Chinese. A better knowledge of the special 
 rpfinirementf of the m.irket can be acquired in this way. It is pointed out that this 
 policy <'an be associated with the buying of Chinese product* for export abroad along 
 the lines followed by the Germans. In the case of machinery, for instance, a staff of 
 trained Chinese engineers or mechanics under the supervision of foreigners is neees- 
 
13 
 
 \"iew of the River Bund, Canton, t.Mliiy. 
 
 i he Hunil at (Janton 15 years ago. 
 
 5(J71G— 3 
 
14 
 
 sary in order to thoroughly invcstitrntp the field and denioiiftrafe the maehiiies. The 
 prospeetive Chinew hu.ver In-fore plneiiijr hii» order liken to see the netual inaehinery 
 in o|>erfltion and not merely a jihotojrraphio representation. 
 
 It is prolmhle that in the future there will l>e nn extension of this princ-iple of 
 diriM't sales in the interior, but the jtreat majority of inii>orted nrtieles will no doubt 
 eontinue to be distributed by native dealers, purchasinjr supplies from the foreittn 
 merehant at Hon»r KonR. who takes no further interest in the Roods. The ton 'itn 
 merehant naturally prefers to leave the troulilesome details eonneeted with the c'is- 
 tribution of (roods to the native dj'alers. who thorouKhly understand the ways of their 
 eountrymen and the (•onfus<'d conditions result inn from the vagaries of the curreney. 
 etc. The foreiini business eommunity of Hour Knnjf take comparatively little interest 
 in the surrounding Chinese life and customs and nearly all business is transacte*! in 
 the English lanjfuaKe. The conditions arising out of the war are bringing about a 
 certain change in this resi^-ct and greater attention is being paid to the study of Can 
 tonese and other dialects. Hitherto with the exce|>tion of members of the large selling 
 organizations referred to. very few fon-igners trading in South China sp<ike any of the 
 I'hinese dialects. The need of a kiiowle<lge of the language of the natives is now being 
 more generally recognized. 
 
 THE TRVVSACTTOV OK BISINESS. 
 
 One feature of the way in uliicli business is condui'ti-d at Hong Kong is what is 
 known ns the compradore system, wliich is in vog\ie throughout Cliina. Thi* i« r. ,lly 
 a modern (lev.lopnuMt of the Co-Hong practi<-<< of the old factory days nt Canton, 
 when foreigners were connn(>d in tlicir il.'aliTigs to menibors of the trade guild. When 
 Cliina was openfnl t^. foreign trade by the treaty of Xiinking in 1S42, the foreign mer- 
 rbants found if convenient to continue the practic's tlien in use. As a con^,<|uence a 
 Chinaman of high standing was attiii'lie<l to each of the mercliant bouses and all deal- 
 ings with the native Chinese wer<> transacted through this officer, who was known as 
 the Compradore. 
 
 The compradores are men of uiKiuesti.niiibly higli chiiractcr and ample means. 
 They are intimately ac(iuaintcd with the business connections and standing of th' ir 
 customers and guarantee indnidual nc<-ounts. In return tiiey re<'eive a commission 
 on the total turnover usually amounting to ] p..r cent. The nianjiger of the f.reign 
 house leaves a frrcat deal to his compradore anil seldom sees even the largest native 
 buyers. 
 
 -Mthough nmch has Uon written i)re(licting the gradual disappearance of these 
 pr;o-ti<'<'s. It must be admitted that the I'onipra.lore sy.stem has proved to be of the 
 greatest utility an<l it is ilonlitful if it will ever be entirely superseded. The persomil 
 factor is of great importance in all business dealings among the Chinese and the 
 foreigner cannot be expected to have the requisite knowledge and understanding of 
 the Chinese character and methods to be able to do without the services of an inter- 
 mediary such as the comiiradore. 
 
 -NEW INKI.tEXrES. 
 
 The modernizing tendency, which is makitig its inHueiicf felt in all phast-s of 
 Chinese life, is having the result of breakirjg down the more conservative of the old 
 ways of doing business. The foreigner is finding that it pays to cultivate more intimate 
 relations with the native dealers. There is also the factor introduced by the moderni/ed 
 Chinaman who has learnt the customs and up-to-date practi< s of the West. Tl, e 
 men are .•ommen.ing to establish Im.sincss houses of their own. which deal dire,-t wi.ii 
 foreign countries. In some cases they are content to follow the example of the foreign 
 firms and transact busim»ss through a compradore. In other cases they devote the 
 
••oiiiiiiiM^ioii wivc<l h.v <li.iii»r with.. lit a n.iii|.rn(lc.rr to pntcrf;iii.i|.K .IviiKr.- uiid in ..tli.T 
 wu.vH workiinf u|> ».u«iii.««, whirli tli.-.v iirc w.-ll cnialiH..<l t.. <|.. h.v rn.w.ti ..f th.ir 
 kM..wliK)ir<' ..f thr liiiitriititri' uml mistoiiw ..f thfir n)uiitr,viii<>ii. 
 
 A* Hii .•xn.i.i.l.. ..f thr .•i.t.Ti.riM' of th.- .M..<l.Tniz..(l 'chi.ir,.. hii,iru..-H man. in.-nti..M 
 may !«■ ma<l.' of th.- h.w u|.-to-<lat.- <l.'|mrtm.-nt -.t..r.'s at IL.nK K.<uk an.l Cant-.n. 
 Til.-,..- Mnrv^ .•ompar.' fav.,urahl,v with simih.r ••Htahlishm.'nt.-. in ..fh.-r .•..mitri.v and 
 a tfr.'at vari.-t.v of all kin.i ..f k-mU ar,' on -,1, . A. ,. rnh. th.-s,. rirms ohtj.in HU|.plir« 
 thr..i.|fh th<- f..r(MKn h..u«s at 11. .nK Konir. but also fr^in.'ntl.v -.upplfincnt th.-so .loal- 
 injrs l.y .lir.-<'t imiH.rtatii.n.. fr.im for.'iifii .•..untrics when r.M|uir.'.l. 
 
 Th.. numlNT of ^,i..h Chin.'... firiiw in S.mth China who .1,.„| ,lir....t with for.-iirn 
 c..nn.r,..s >s v..ry limit.-.l. Tl... jrr.-at l.,.lk of th.. hu.in.-s. is tr,.nsa.-t,.,l through th.. 
 m.-.lium ,.f t »• f,.r..i^n rmn-liant firms. A .-anvas ,.f th.. I«r,r.. Chin.'s,. ,|,.„l..rs at Hook 
 
 h..n(f sh.,w..<l that v..r.v f.w ar.' pr..par...l t.. im|...rt k Is ,lir..<'t. ...■., wh-'ii law .,uan- 
 
 titn-s «r.. r..<|u.r.-.l. VaPi..us r.-asi.ns wvr,. triv..n. .•hi..f .,f „hi.h wr.- th.- .liffi.-ultv .,f 
 ol.taM.>i.|, mlr..ss if th.- k,h,.|s w,.r.. n..t up to sam,,l,. nn.l th.. lin.it,.,! financial m.-ans 
 
 at th.. .hsposal .,f most of th,.so .l.-ah-rs. Thos,. Chin firms who ,lo .iire-t husin.-sH 
 
 with for,.,Kn .•ountr...s ar.. ,n.-lu.l.Hi in th- list of im,.,rtin^r hous..s at llon^ Ko.ik. 
 wh.-h may U- ohta.n,..) l.y .m.-r.-st...] r;,„,nlia,„ ..„ applh-ation to the U..,wrtmvn. of 
 I nnl.- an.l ( omm..rc... Ottawa (n-f.-r fil.. Xo. ^'(KMm). 
 
 Water I.I.', opfusit.' Sljmii<i-n, Cant.in. 
 
 BWKINC K^.II,ITIK> 
 
 H..ny K.in^r in .•..nini..n with th.' ..th.-r tra.l.' <-<iitns ,,f tii.- Fi.r Kast is w.ll pr,.- 
 vi.l,-.l with han'.intr fa.-iliti.'s which cnahh. tiic C,iiia.liaii ..x|h,rt.T t.. .1.. husjiifss with 
 :,"""'/'''!,''" '.'" "''""■•" "'•• ■"'""■ »'•""■■* t'"'t "•<• .•ust..niary in th.- .lom..sti,' tra.l.- of 
 < ana.ia. I !,.■ im,H,rt..r. if of satisfa.'tory stan.liiiK. .•oniiiionly „p..,i> a .•n-,lit in fav,.nr 
 .. tl... ,.v,.rs,.as export..r at his }I„nfr Koiifr hank an.l i,iini...liaro pay,ii..|,t mav U- 
 ohfai.uHl l.y th,. . x,,ort..r hy ,l,.liv..riiiir tl... shipping .l..,-uni,.nts t.. his hank in Cana.la 
 tu;r.-th.r with a .Iraft at sis.'ht ..r up t,. nin.I.v .la.s. ,l,aw„ „„ tlu- import-r, the ,l,„.u- 
 
 ot t!,. .Ira t. n th.. .-as.- of .vrtain liru-s of tra.l.-. howwor. it is onlv fair that the 
 -n.H.rter sliouhl h.- pn.vi.l,.,! with > na-ans „f r.-.lr-s> if ,h.. ,.„.,i: ..ro vTLZ 
 
 r.(i7iii— aj 
 
1« 
 
 Mniplo. There are atto((pth<'r 'hrce Britinh, two French, two Japaneup, one American, 
 one Chine§e, oni> RuMian, and a T)utch hank doin«r an exchange banking butineiiA at 
 HoHK Kong. The colony is provided with its own local currency, the unit being the 
 iilver dollar, which is subdivided into 100 cents and which has a value approximating 
 in normal times that of the Mexican dollar. The circulating medium is compri-<c| 
 both of bank notes and silver coin.i. 
 
 The monetary sy*tim in South China is as confused and non-uniform as in other 
 parts of the country. Productions of the local provincial mints and chopped Mexican 
 dollars circulate as currency, while the money of account is the tael of silver, also 
 vuriablo in different placi -. At Tantoii the standard is the Sze-ma tael, which is the 
 heaviest mercantile tael in China, weighit^ 579-86 grains, but of varying iineneiis. 
 
 ' CHBDITS. 
 
 At the presi : r time business in China is conducted almost entirely on a cash 
 basis. This was also the case in the early days of the trade with foreign countriei*. 
 Towards the end of last century tlie Germans commenced to make determined efforts 
 to break into the trade already held by their competitors and as a part of their policy 
 introduced the granting of long credits up to nin« months. The firms of other 
 nationalities were conip«>llod to follow suit. This policy brought in a class of unreliable 
 native dealers and brokers of insufficient means, who otherwise would have been unable 
 to do business. As a result frequent losses ensued. After the outbreak of the war, 
 the liquidation of the German firms established at Hong Kong was proceeded with 
 and many illuminating facts were brought to light. It was shown that a considerable 
 business had been conducted by the Germans at a loss or on the principle of making 
 one department pay for another. It is unlikely that a return to these pre-war con- 
 ditions will be possible. In certain lines, such as machinery, credits will no doubt 
 have to be granted after the war, but only to a moderate extent and under suitable 
 guarantees. There is also no reason why credit should be withheld, when necessary, 
 from old-eetablished firms of unquestioned standing. Satisfactory references can 
 usually be obtained. The great bulk of the business with Hong Kong, however, will 
 undoubtedly continue to be conducted on a strictly cash basis. It is significant that 
 the .Tapanese who have most faithfully followed German commercial methods in other 
 direct) 'US, have not resorted to the granting of credits as a means of capturing trade 
 from competitors. The question of credits should therefore not deter Canadian firms 
 from seeking to develop business with South C! 'ua. 
 
 BXCHANOK. 
 
 All business relations with South China are greatly influenced by the fact that 
 Ok currency is on a silver basis. The exchange rate of silver in relation to gold 
 therefore affects all dealings with countries whose currency is on a gold basis. This 
 is one of the explanations of the great elasticity noted in the volume of trade with 
 China. A low rate of exchange prejudically affects iniiwrts by raising the price in 
 silver currein'y to the consumer. A greater quantity of silver is required to settle 
 the account quoted in gold of the overseas exporter. For the same reason an increas*) 
 in tlie quantity of Chinese products exported usually results from a low rate of 
 exchange, and vice versa, when the exchange is high. 
 
 OPPORTUNITIES FOR CANADIAN TRADE. 
 
 Canada is advantageously situated for trade A-ith Hong Kong. In normal times 
 there are frequent sailings from Vancouver on what is the shortest route across the 
 Pacific and all these steamers make Hong Kong their principal port of call in the Far 
 
K«ht. In addition to fai" inil Ntfniii»hip«. there ure ii iiiiiii(«r of large cargo carriora 
 sailing between the two i-cu. The industrial progren. of Hriti.h ("olumbia mutt b« 
 niHuenc'd to un in.rcn-.inKl,v itreater exUiit by the advantagea for thu »hipment of 
 prodiirt* to tho Ori.-ntal market.. In the development of the Panama (anal route 
 the ea«tfru industrial di.tri.t« of C'onada will enjoy the nanie advantage* an the 
 eastern part of the United State-. The Canadian overland route ha* long U-vn 
 rufc-urded a^ the <hief means <.f .omniunieation for the de»pHteh of Hilk to the New 
 ^..rk market and aU plays a prominent i.iirt ua a mail and pa»*nger route to Great 
 Uritain. Hong K.-pg is therefore brought into .lose touch with Canada in a variety 
 (•I ways. ' 
 
 The growing sentiment in favour of the pureh..4e of British goods ^hould have an 
 im,K>rtant bearing on the development of rana.lian .ra.lo with S. uth China. Hong 
 Kong IS a Ur.t.sh eol.my and '1,.. hulk of the bu-sine,* is in the hand* of British firm^ 
 luiKida competes with tl,. >„ ,,her eonntry in only n very few line,. There is there- 
 fore a prediy,sit.on on r e part of Hong Kong houses to establish eonneetions with 
 Canada for the imixirtati. :i of many ttoods. 
 
 Ca.mda produces many articles which are rtKjuired in South China but in certain 
 1 ne ditheulty IS exper.eii.^.1 in com,K.tin« with the United State. Japan and Europ. 
 On Uie other hand there are a number of Canadian products for which there is a g,rK 
 
 DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS. 
 
 TmportinK house. „t Hong Kong ..oini.lain that (^ann.liH.i exporters do not devote 
 enouKl, atU.nt.o„ t., the s,x.eittl rciuirements of the China market. The commer.-ial 
 pra.-fces ,n this part of the worl.l are peculiar to the F..r E,. r. They were establlshe 
 on^mally „. the early days of the trade principally l,y Bri.i.-l. tirms. and appn 1 
 
 should there ore exerc.se great care i„ the execution of orders fulfilling alwavs the 
 conditions stated m the indent. Quotations c.i.f. are hiphlv desirable in doi,!^ 
 business with the Far East, since in normal times the ex,.rter' s in a bette p^ tit o 
 e-t,n,a e the reiKht and other charges to be incurred. The most common o.inplaiit 
 flpunst Canadian hrms is that they do not endeavour to buil.l up trade in a thorn ugh 
 manner, but often a p.. ar on y anxious for such casual business as mav be offer fg 
 
 ^u.l, South China, should ..arefully investigate the conditions, sending over a per- 
 -onal representative, where possible, and then make their plans accordinfjlv If , L 
 d.-.red to appoint representatives, there are a nnmkr of firms o, ^ood^t.ndini a 
 Hon^ Kong who would be open to take „ a,..ncies or otherwise establish conne tion 
 
 a/ CanTd fi''"'""t '^' ''i' "^ ""'"^ ^'""« '^ <J'^»i"<-t ^'om that of Shangha 
 Ch na bv e?KrT '""''' " ""^'"'^'' '" •'"^"""•' '»'"' '^'^y ^«» J° business with Sou h 
 C hina by establishing an agency at Shanghai for the whole of China A lis" of the 
 princ.pa importing houses at Hong Kong and otiier p<,rts has been prepared and for 
 
 Tp";!: ti^i^.srrv; 'iSrVa':;"^' °"--' 7^ -^^^^-^^^^ 
 
!• 
 
 EXPO&T TRADE OF HONO F^^G. 
 
 Tli«» rliicf expurf* from IIoiik Kmijf nri' Riven in c npiwiidod talilcM, pr«pnrpd by 
 till' .\«ixii'intinii of Kxpi>rt<'rK iitni i-ovoriiiK tli' rx|M)rt to (iruat Kritairi, tlip Cotitineiit 
 of Kiir<>|n>, the Atlantif -tt-ulxiurcl ol' North Amvriou nnii tin- Pacific Hcalmanl 't' North 
 Aiiii'rii'u iliiriiiK t'lich of tlic five .vcnr». 1!»1."!-17. Qiiiiiititiei^ only of tin- various artidei* 
 t*X|iort<-il nrr Kivcii miii the iiroiincti of i-oiiiitrin^ itthor than Ciiina an- inc|iiilt><l in 
 theiM! tablcn. 
 
 AnothiT tiililc i'< ,'iUc iippiMiili'il hi'ri'with, which shnw't tiu> rx|Hirt in lIMit liy junk 
 and stunner, which came uinler the eonnizanee of the maritime custom*' hou^e* at 
 the Ireatv |>ort» of the ( antoii Uiver drlta. Nearly the whole of the export from tluwe 
 ports rt.aclie!i Honir Konu for »hipmi'iit ahnad. Thti-t in l!Mi! the value of the export 
 from the port of Canton direct to foreiirn countries* amounttil to ^H.OT.'i gold, a* com- 
 pared with an ex|Mirf I" IFonir K..n(r v.ducd at ♦4n,l>'n..'>l'< uoM. 
 
 ^^''.W.' 
 
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21 
 
 EXI'DIITS KIIOM PO[{TS OF CANTON RIVER DELTA, 1916. 
 
 Discription of Goods. 
 
 Clauifler of 
 guantity. 
 
 Animals, living 
 
 Huge of all kinds 
 
 Haniboos 
 
 Hricks and tllea 
 
 Bristles 
 
 Cassia lignea 
 
 Chinawiire, rarthf nware. and pottery. 
 
 Kkrs. fresh and preserved.. 
 
 Fans, palm-leaf 
 
 Featliers. duck. fowl, t le 
 
 Firet'rackers and lirewnrks 
 
 Firewood 
 
 Fruits, dried and i>reserved 
 
 " fresh 
 
 (linger fresh and preserved 
 
 Mats 
 
 No. 
 Pieces. 
 
 Mattinn 
 
 Oils, essential 
 
 " expressed 
 
 I'aper 
 
 Samshu 
 
 Silk, raw 
 
 refuse 
 
 " piece-goods 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Tea, black and green 
 
 Timber, planks, softwood.. 
 
 poles, softwood . . . , 
 Tobacco 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 l*ie<:eH. 
 I'leuls. 
 
 rieces. 
 Rolls. 
 
 I'iciilS. 
 
 Set. feet. 
 
 Pieces. 
 
 . Piculs. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 1,104.3J9 
 
 9.473,448 
 
 5,312.012 
 
 38,924.366 
 
 5,341 
 
 82,463 
 
 lS!).841t 
 
 25.951,079 
 
 53,089,542 
 
 16,344 
 
 97,192 
 
 l,45.-).il4 
 
 42.309 
 
 339. SS.-. 
 
 58,234 
 
 25,232,261 
 
 186, S64 
 
 866 
 
 30,093 
 
 113,986 
 
 42,190 
 
 39,752 
 
 29,816 
 
 8,103 
 
 54,068 
 
 53,697 
 
 5,147,268 
 
 555,950 
 
 106,866 
 
 Total 
 
 Value. 
 Halkwan Taels.' 
 
 1.383,796 
 505,404 
 95,513 
 257,994 
 764,100 
 616,402 
 955,590 
 379,248 
 448.949 
 233,201 
 
 3,084,094 
 773,863 
 518,681 
 635,:',50 
 181,105 
 
 1,681,540 
 
 1,309,916 
 186,751 
 318,624 
 
 1,339.301 
 
 217,138 
 
 31,235,627 
 
 2,391,519 
 
 7,137,280 
 286,758 
 
 1,430,085 
 304,483 
 418,923 
 
 1.719,775 
 
 • Halkwan tael = 70 cents, approximately at par. 
 
 Kuw silk is the most important article of e.xport from South China and is coip- 
 prised mainly of raw white silk from the Canton district. Woven silks are produced 
 at Canton and make up the second largest item of export. 
 
 Tea was formerly the main staple of the trade with Canton and in 18<K) contributed 
 50 per cent to the value ot the export from this port. At the present time less than 2 
 per cent of the value of the exports from the Canton delta consists of tea. The ports 
 of Foochow and Amoy have long been connected with the tea trade and depend upon 
 it largely for their prosperity. Amoy formerly did a thriving business in the blending 
 and packing of Formosan teas, but since the Japanese occupation of the island this 
 trade has diminished. 
 
 Although South China abounds in mineral wealth, the export of minerals has up 
 to the present not been large. Tin frnm Yuiian, antimony from llunan and wolfram 
 and molyhdenito from ivwantung are the principal minerals exported. 
 
 Another important export to which the Germans paid particular attention is that 
 of cs-eiitial oil and oil seed-; (scsamum and rape), wood oil, and cassia. This is a 
 Ijusiiie-^ which demands an extensive buying and technical organization and is being 
 taken up now by British firms. 
 
 Almost the entire export of firecrackers to North America originates in the Canton 
 district. .V fairly large quantity of bristles is supplied from S<iuth China, the pig 
 providing the principal meat consumed l>y the inhabitants. Kamie and other fibres 
 are shippcil from South Cliina ports and t)io business in these lines is callable of 
 develoiunent. Another export from the Canton ili^trict which may be mentioned is 
 that of diiek, goo-ic and other feath(>rs. A large <iuantity of riei' and ginirer is also 
 exported from South China to Xorth America. 
 
 A large iiuaiitity of matting, the iirodu<'t of the Canton district, is supplied to 
 the T^nited Stnt.-^= 
 
 :.tl71(!— 4 
 
COLLECTION OF EXPORT PRODUCTS. 
 
 British firms have devoted their attention in the past chiefly to the export of the 
 main staples of tea and silk. The tea trade from China is now on the deeline owing 
 to the competition of Indian and Ceylon teas on the United Kingdom market and 
 Japan teas in the I'nited States. The business in silk has always been hijrlily specula- 
 tive, dependinsT almost as much on the cnurse of the exchanges as on the condition 
 of the markets. The Oermans came to the field rather late, when the tntde in teas 
 and silk had been already established along regular lines. They were therefore forced 
 to seek otlier outlets for their activity and as a result d. velopcd the cxixirt of the 
 various miscellaneous lines mentioned above. 
 
 The C'crmans organized the collection and buying of South China prod.u-ts with 
 characteristic thoroughness. A good example is afforded by the bu>iness in se-anium 
 and other oils. ca?sia, etc. The flernian firms dealing in these articles had their own 
 
 Weaving Matting. Example of Clilnosc Household Economy. 
 
 i;ative buying agents tlirmghout the country under the supervision of branches n:an- 
 aged by <iennans and a staff of trained chemisis to test the oil. Since the war liritisli 
 and .Xnii'rieau firms have commenced to devote attention to the triuU- in all kind< of 
 South China products and to work along the lines followwl by the fiermans. The 
 largest market for the<e products is now afforded by North America and this gives 
 American firms a certain advantage in the development of trade with South China. 
 Canadian- bav,> hitherto been content to purchase a large part of the Chinese iir ducts 
 which they re(|uire through I'nited States centres. The tendency is noticed, howevtr, 
 for firms in Caiuida to take up the importation of cenain jiroduets such as ginger, 
 rice bristles, etc.. to a greater extent than hitherto ami it is hoi)ed that these direct 
 dcaliiigs with China may increase. There i^ no reasmi for instanci> wliy firm- in 
 firitish Cohimbia shnuld pur<'hase Chinese |ir(idu<'ts tbrongli liou-es in Seattle or San 
 Franei-co. when the facilities fur direct trade through Vancouver are as good. 
 
OPENINGS FOR CANADA. 
 
 The chief openings presented for the extension of Canadian export trade with 
 South China will be eonsidered under separate heads, piving particulars of the trade 
 with Hong Kong in those lines in which Canada is interested. These lines and the 
 order in which they will be dealt with are as follows: — 
 
 Flour, timber, metuls and maehinerj-, leather, paper, canned provisions, 
 fish products, tinned milk, miscellaneous. 
 
 THE FLOUR TRADE. 
 
 Hong Kimg is the must impiirtuut market for overseas flour in the Far East. In 
 normal times the import amounts tr) nliout r),000,000 sacks of 4t> pounds each a year. 
 In iiddition to being the distributiiiT centre for the whc.lc of South China, flour is 
 also reshipiiod from HoUK K.mg to the territories to the south as far as Singapore. 
 The Sliangliai flour market is sui)plied to an increasingly greater extent liy the product 
 of the lo<'al mills. Foreign flour entei-iiig Shanghai is also s\il>ject fo duty, whereas 
 at Hong Kong the position is rcvirsi'il, foreign tlour Uiiiig imported duty free, while 
 (^hiii ■>e flour has to pay an ex]X)rt duty when shippc<l to Ilong Kong from Shanghai. 
 Manila and Singapore, the other great trade centres of the Far East, are not so con- 
 veniently situated and liavii not the >aMic shipping facilities as Ilong Kong. The 
 latter jiort therefore presents the best opening for the sale of Canadian. T'nited States 
 anil -Vustralian flour in competition with the Asiatic product. 
 
 The following table of the total imports of flour into Hong Kong in recent years 
 was furnished by a leading imiKirter: — 
 
 1 '.1 1 i . 
 I'.i!.'!. 
 li'lt. 
 I'.n." , 
 
 1!>17. 
 
 SacIiS. 
 .■..'l:'4.,".r,4 
 .'..!7i;,>;i':! 
 ■::.<v.<.-::.i 
 
 l,i-'H.o:i:f 
 
 l.llTL'.nM) 
 
 K\(TiiHS (.OVKIfMNC IMl'OIITS. 
 
 The (piantity of foreign ilour i-inied in South China is subject to much varia- 
 tion. The ;iennind depends upon several factors, included among which are the rate 
 of exchange and the relative jirice ot flour as comparod witii rice. A low rate of 
 exchange and an abundimt crop of rice have usually been rcflecttii in greatly diminished 
 imports of flour. A low rate of exchange afltects only the imports of foreign flour by 
 rai-iiig the price to the consumer, and may have the effect of sti -.dating the sale of 
 flour milled in China. Similarly a good crop of wheat in tli.' Vai ..tze Valley and the 
 north eiKililes the Shangliai and otluT Chinese millers to comi)ete more effectively 
 against fori'ign flour. The demand therefore for overseas flour in the Hong Kong 
 market is related to three factor-: (1) rate of exchange. (-2) tl..' rice crop, (,•?) the 
 wheat ei-op in China. 
 
 CONSlMlTtON OF FUirn. 
 
 The consumiition of flipur in Cliiini is on the incrciiis<'. For many years the pfipu- 
 hition of the northern provinces have had to depend upon wheat, millet and other 
 cereals as their stai)le food stipply. rice not being cultivated and difficult to obt.iiu. 
 From tliese districts the haiiit of consunniig wheat has extended to all portions of the 
 
 MiTlf. — lA 
 
24 
 
 country. The southern provinees, although still depending upon riee as the staple 
 diet of tlie people, ore now consuming liirtri quantities of wheat llour, both native and 
 foreign. Ihe Chinese do not use flour for making bread. Usually it is consumed in 
 the form of large flat cakes, which are sometimes fried in' melted fat or oil. Flour is 
 also often used to make dumpling containing chopped meat. A great deal of wheat 
 tiour is also consumed in the form of macaroni, which is a universal article of diet 
 throughout South China, being served with meat and vegetables in the form of stows. 
 For the manufacture of macaroni the grade of flour used is a good quality cut 
 off with a high i)erceiitagc of gluten, while for making cakes and dumplings a straight 
 run flour is employed. The proi)ortiou of straight run grades inipDrted into Hong 
 Kong as conqjared with cut off flour is alwmt four to one. Patent fl(-u is imp )rfed 
 only for use among the foreign community and the few well-to-da Chinamen who 
 have acquired a taste for bread baked in the western way. Chinese flour and some 
 foreign flour is graded into four classes, but there is little difference between grades 
 or the prices <if each grade. It is a mistake to assume that the Chinese market will 
 take flour of poor quality. What is required is flour of a good average quality, although 
 not high as compared with the quality of the flour consumed in Canada. Price is, 
 however, a far more imiwrtant factor than quality. If the price of the flour is high, the 
 natives will do without their ccos and consume more rice. This is seen in the great 
 falling off in the imports of flour into Hong Kong since the outbreak of the war. the 
 price of rice not having advanced to the same proportion as flour. On the oth. , and 
 there is evidence to show that, when the price is favourable, the habit of consiiUiing 
 flour is growing rapidly among the people of South China. 
 
 IMPORTANCE OF THE CROP. 
 
 In the sale of flour as of almost everything else in China, great importance is 
 attached to the "chop" or trade mark of the different brar '». For this reason it has 
 always been ditticuit to introduce new brands onto the market. The Chinese dealer who 
 comes down to Hong Kong to purchase flour is acquainted only with the merits of 
 well-known brands and in the long drawn out negotiations which take place at night 
 over the tea cups, the dealer usually turns a deaf ear to all quotations given l)y the 
 broker for the brands with which he is unacquainted. Similarly the individual ciis- 
 toni.crs dislike to jiurchasc a new brand of flour, when they can obtain one which they 
 have used and found satisfactc ry for many years. Certain Shanghai millers in order 
 to infoduce their choii on to the South China market subsidized bakers and the makers 
 of cakes and macaroni to the extent of 5 cents Mex. for every sack of their brand of 
 flour which they used. It naturally follows that when once a cliop becomes wi-U known, 
 lar- e sales are assured as long as the price is not too high. Thus an Anieri<'an flour- 
 milling concern used to dispose of over 500,000 sacks a year of their widely-known 
 brand on the llong Kong market. ,Just before the war the sales of this brand of flour 
 had licen reduced *o about l-.'.'i,<HM) sacks a year owing to the cumiictition <>( cheaper 
 Asiati<' flour. Canadian millers must be prepared to incur certain initial expenses 
 or even to sell at cost for a certain period in order to estal)lish their chops on the 
 market. They snould be on their guard, however, against the unscrupulous inqvirter 
 wlio often uses this difficulty cjf introducing new brands as an argument to obtain 
 flour at a low price; afterwards deserting the miller when the latter expects to reap 
 the reward of having sacrificed his proflt for the sake of ultimate gain. 
 
 SOURCES OF SUPPLY. 
 
 The outstanding feature of the fln"r trade in South China during recent years 
 has bet'U the competition of Asiatic with overseas flour. The Japanese and Chinese 
 millers have endeavoured to supidant witli their own product the supplies of flour 
 formerly inqnjrted in such large (luantities from the Unit 1 States, Canada and Aus- 
 
 ■ -■llf , 
 
I 
 
 ir>iB. 
 
 1917. 
 
 Sacks. 
 
 Sncks. 
 
 I, ur,, 4.1.1 
 
 ."l.no:) 
 
 2,'i.nno 
 
 922.377 
 
 ♦l.*l()0 
 
 43.1:12 
 
 3:7,SOO 
 
 43.230 
 
 
 ll.s.-fl 
 
 1. ."92.233 
 
 l.fi72.0>;9 
 
 25 
 
 tralia. Owinpr to the high prices and export restriction.s in other producinjr countriea, 
 and to the hiffh freight rates, Asiatic flour has secured a temporary hold of the me-' st. 
 Japan now occupi.'s first place as country of sujtply, which for forty years had oeen 
 held by the United States. Nine-tenths of the imports into Hong King in 1917 were 
 obtained from Japan, while Chinese flour was supplied direct to the \k rt" of Foochow, 
 Amoy and Swntow. The lust year in which American flour came on to the Hong 
 Kong market in large quantities was 191ti. The following flgures ^how the sources 
 of the flour shipped to Hong Kong during the last two years: — 
 
 Unit.fl states 
 
 J.'tpa II 
 
 Au.stmlia ' ' 
 
 h:\niehai [ ' ' ' '] 
 
 ' '.iiiarla 
 
 Total 
 
 A cerfai,, qunnfity of Cnnadian flour was prol,„My included in the aniou.it 
 credited nlM.ve to the I nitwl States for the year IfilC. This tabic shows clcarlv the 
 influence of war conditions on the flour trade of the Far East and the ..hanging sources 
 ot supply. It IS of importar.ce to consider how far these changes mav prove 
 permanent and what are the op,K,rtunitics f„r the resumption after the war of large 
 shipments of Canadian flour to the Orient. 
 
 IMI'ORTS OF riflNF.SK FLOI li. 
 
 The Chinese mills arc taking advantage of present condition- to increase their 
 .«ales ,„ the various flour-consuming territories of the si.nthcrn Far East. The d.v-rease 
 in the imports of Shanghai flour into Hong Kong last year is neeoutited for bv the 
 short wheat crop in the Yangtze Valley and the competition of the Japanese mills 
 for available supplies. The first year in which Chinese flour appeared 01, the Hong 
 Kong market was 1915, when 200.000 sa.ks were imported. The following year the 
 ( hmcse mills cut into the tra.le in the East Indies and the Straits Settlements very 
 succps.sf„lly and supr-lied Ho„g Kong with ."iTT.SOO sacks. The Chinese Government 
 recognizing the need of assisting the millir.g i- '..stry reduced the export dutv on flour 
 hv one-half or from 40 cents to 2'. cents Me.K. a .sack. In view of the shortige of 
 wlieat supplies, the Shanghai mills re unable to comi)ete effeetivelv in ]917 against 
 .lapan m the Hong Kong marl withstanding the reduced expoi autv The 
 
 ports ot Swatow. Amoy and F. which formerly were supplied with overseas 
 
 Hour Trom Hong Kon- haye fo, past three years imported mostlv native flour 
 
 .^lipped diroc't from Shanghai. Ti. - has somewhat r.'duccd the flour trade .,f the 
 liritish colony. 
 
 Provided the ^d.eat crop i„ the Yangtze Vall..y is favourable, there wouhl appear 
 t.. t- no reason why the Shanghai mills should not ship ... ur successfullv to the 
 Hong Kong market, and this is a faetor which Canadian ..xp>rters will hav,'^ to con- 
 sider att.T the war. It is probable that Chinese flour will represent the bulk of the 
 import-^ ibinng the jiresent year. 
 
 THE SII.ANCII.M .MIT.MXr. IXDCSTR*. 
 
 Hie flour mills in and about Shanglu.i are capable of producing SS.OOO sneks a 
 
 ni.N. Piovi.led tliat tliey can secure wheat in suflicieut quantities and at prices cpial 
 
 tlio.-e at other flour-produci,,^ centres. The wheat supply comes principally from 
 
 ■ "'fjarent distr.. . . the siir].iii.- Top .•! (be northern provinces being almost entirely 
 
 ■ uulit up I y tl, • .panose mills. With the increase in the jiriee of wheat and the 
 
 cessation of opium cultivation, t' 
 
 the area under wlui't should increase. Thi 
 
 .S'l^ ri-^ - 
 
winter wheat is cultivated in oontral China, the tnip beinjf harvested early in June. 
 Owing to primitive famiinf,' methods the (train is usually dirty and often soft and badly 
 ripoT'^d. The acreage production is also very small. The flour ground from this 
 '^iii 1' "iierefore moist and of poor quality as compared with Canadian and American 
 ili» r. s suitable for the China trade. A few years ago the capacity of the mills 
 
 Vi's ; afficient for home retiuirements. Now there are sixteen flour mills in 
 
 » ■' i^i) I of modern equipment. The industry, hi' ver, has never proved very 
 pru. ■ .' Id to the mill owners. There arc Aao sever tl.mr mills at other centres 
 along the Yangtze river, while at Harbin in Manchuria the output of flour exceeds 
 that of Shanghai. Both spring and winter wheat is cultivated in Manchuria and a 
 better quality of grain is produced. The product of these mills does not concern the 
 present inquiry, since practically all the Chinese flour shipped to Hong Kong is 
 milled at Shanghai. 
 
 COMPETITION' OF JAPANESE FLULR. 
 
 The flour trade in South China during 1!U7 was really a contest between the 
 Japanese and Chinese mills. The flour industry in Japan has lately been making 
 great strides and is established on a strictly niii.lt rn basis. One of the most modern 
 mills in the world has recently been completed at Moji. Flour has been exported from 
 Japan to China, the Philippine Islands, French Indo-China, the Straits Settlem -nts 
 and the Dutch East Indies. Japanese flour is made from Korean and Manchurian 
 wheat and locally-ground grain. The proportion of mainland wheat ground is about 
 TO per cent of the total. A certain amount of North American wheat is frequently 
 imported to bring the flour up to ;he desired quality. The mills are therefore situated 
 at .some distance from their wheat supply, but most of them are located on the sea- 
 board. 
 
 A Hong Kong flour man who has recently returned from a visit to Japan and 
 Korea reports that tli" .Tapanese Government has made great progress in improving 
 the (luality of the wli. ,it grown in Korea, by instituting the policy of experimental 
 farms and the distribution of good seed. No doubt this policy will be extended to 
 Manchuria, where it is believe<l that with proper instruction and seed a grade of wheat 
 approaching Canadian can be produced. With sufficient supplies of good quality 
 wheat available and with the other advantages in their favour, such as cheap labour, 
 ciienp fuel and cheap transportation, the competition of the Jai)anese mills should 
 henceforth prove to be an important factor in the flour trade of the Orient. 
 
 Asiatic millers have the great advantage of being near to a market that can bo 
 reached by competitors only after a long and expensive sea voyage. This is the prin- 
 cipal reason for the large proportion of flour imported into Hong Kong from Japan in 
 1917. On the other hand the quali'y of Japanese flour cannot equal that of the lead- 
 ing Canadian and American brands. As stated by one importer, some of the Japanese 
 brands are of as good a quality as some American flour, but the general average is 
 consid.rably lower for Japanese flour. Many Chinese dealers would also prefer not to 
 deal III Jaiiniiese flour. Moreover the individual consumer shows a marked preference 
 for Canadian and American flour, if the price is not excessive. A leading Chinese 
 dealer pointed out, however, that price is the chief consideration and he did not think 
 that Canadian or American flour could compete, if the price exceeded that of Japanese 
 flour of the same grade by more than 5 cents Mex. a sack. 
 
 PItlCE — Tin: PI!1N(IPAL FACTOli. 
 
 It is evident from the above that Canadian millers desirous of obtaining a share 
 of the Hong Kong trade after the war will have to take into account to a greater 
 extent than formerly the competition of Asiatic flour. There will always be a certain 
 demand for Canadian and American brands on the ground of quality, but the ques- 
 tion remains to be considered as to whether it will be possible to ship flJur from (^anada 
 
27 
 
 at a post whioh will permit of pflFtH'tivp competition against the produet of the Chinese 
 and Japanese mills. Most of the North American and Australian stocks imported 
 during l!tl7 were sold at n loss. The jiosition, however, was ahnormal as a result of 
 war conditions. Ameri.-an flour is now <iuoted at Uoim Konjr at a price ahout one- 
 third higher than that of the Japanese produ.-t. The mills on the Pacific const have 
 been shipping flour to Europe and restrictions on the export are now heiiiK enforced. 
 Trnnspii.'ific freight rates on flour are wlmost prohibitive. In view of the home 
 deniand and the hi)fh freiprh»s. it is therefore not difficult to understand the great 
 falling off in the Hong Kong trade in flour with Canada and the Tnit^Kl States. 
 
 POSSIBILITIES FOR SALE OF OVERSEAS FLOLR. 
 
 The general opinion among importers at Hong Kong would appear to be that 
 Aorth American flour will recover a considerabl.. part of the grouiul which it formerly 
 h.-i.l in this market. A great deal is said to dcpcn.l upon the demand for Canadian 
 and T lutcd States flour elsewhere. The Kumpcan <• .untrics in order to facilitate the 
 Ii.iui.lation of their war d.'bts are not likely to 1h> an.xious to buv uiiv more f,„.dstuffs 
 from North America than they .'an help. Tlw Canadian and American millers will 
 tlierefore !..■ forced to look to the Far East as an outlet for their surplus product. 
 One imimrtcr pre<licts that after the war at least Hftceii American mill rcprcseiitative^i 
 will visit Hong Kong and tlic other centres ,,f the Far East. Another imiw.rtiiig firm, 
 representing one of the hading braii.ls of American flour, states that thev were not 
 pessimistic as to the outl.x.k and that the milling .-ompany for whom they act were 
 prepared to take active steps to kee|) their '■clK.p" before the trade, believing in the 
 eventual openings in this market for tiie sale ..f Aiecricui flour. They also intended 
 introducing sev(>ral lower grades i-f flour f.ir cmiiiietitive ixirjioses. at the same time 
 maintaining the quality of their standard brand. 
 
 The iie.\t nio.st important consideration is that of freight rates. 1.. fore th<' war 
 the transi)acitic freight rate on flour was appro.ximately $5 gold a ton measurement, 
 which at 40 ;.neks to tli(> ton works out at about li'i cents a sack of 49 i-nuiids. In 
 191.-! the rate was down to $:! gold a ton and the average price of flour at Hung K,,ng 
 for that .vear was only a little over H gold a >a<'k. The average pr'''V f.,r 1917 was 
 approximately $±V2 gold a sack, with transpacitic freighti- ranging around iii;!n g,,ld 
 a ton. It is evident that the iireseiit freight situatinii r, ,k.r..i it \,ry difticult for 
 Pacitic Ciast millers to compete against Asiati<- ri,,ur. A :vla.\ation in freights is 
 lo..ked forward to by flour iniiHirters sli-rtly after the war ami it is believed that with 
 the freight rate down to .tH" gold a f.oi, wliich is dmihle the pre-war rate, supplies of 
 flour from North America will once more come on to the llong Kong market in lar-e 
 quantities. 
 
 PRESENT MARKET SITl ATlOX. 
 
 At the present time stocks of flour at Hong Kong are very low amounting to only 
 about 170.000 sacks and few .sujiplies are coming on to the market. This dullness is 
 a.'eounted for by the high price of flour compared with rice. People are doing without 
 their wheat flour cakes in favour of cheaper foods. The extent of the falli'ng off in 
 the trade may be realized from the fact that fuinerly it was not infrequent for Canton 
 dealers to iiurehase on the Hong Kong market 100.000 sacks of flour in one week. The 
 prospects for the wheat crop in the Yangtze V.-lley are good and it is expected that 
 the Shanghai mills will be able to sui)i)ly Hong Kong with increasing quantities of 
 flour towards the end of the y.'ar. The lolloviiife are the prices of flour quoted at 
 Hong Kong on May 17, 191S:^ 
 
 Jap.-.m.se 2nd Patent ,:, ,„; m,^, a sa,-k. 
 
 ^■""J •' -.1 M 
 
 .StraiKht ■, .;,, 
 
 Shaiisiuu ildur i 'it 
 
 Au-'tralian N'o. 1 o -,. 
 
 >^o- 2 ,...'.'.:'.:'.'.'.:::::'. ii ^ 
 
 >«'0- 3 \ 3 „„ 
 
No quotation* were forthoomiiiR from ttie Tnited States or Canada. Canadi 
 flour was laHt quoted on the Honst Kong market at »4.40 Me:c. a «ack, but this w 
 towards the end of 1917. 
 
 lan 
 was 
 
 opporiTi xrTiKs voii CAwniAV fuur. 
 
 Enoujrh has been written to show that the Honp Konjr market warrants the enroful 
 attention of Cnnndinn flonr-niillers. Caniidinn Honr is well known in this nnirket iind 
 enjoys 11 ^ood reputation for quality. When first introdueed there wns a certain pre- 
 ju<lii-e iiK'iiinst ("nmidinn flour on aeeount ..f its eolour. whieh was slitrhtly darker than 
 the OreKdii an<l Washington flour to whieh the trade was aeeustomed. This prejudieo 
 no lonjrer prevails since the Chinese have learnt to recojrnize the sui)eriority of fl,,ur 
 milled from Canadian wheat. EnerRctic effi)rts are required to establish leaditiR 
 Canadian l>raiid> on the market. Importers urge the sending over of a Canadian mill 
 representative. thorouRhly conversant with the flour bi-siness, who could visit Shanjr- 
 hai. Hontr Konjr. Manila an<l Singapore and po into all points. Flour men from tho 
 United States have frciuently visited the Far East and several American comjianies 
 fornuTly had their own ajjents at IIomr Kon»r. The Fnite.i States mills are .■vidently 
 preparing' to make every effort to recapture their trade and Canadian firms should 
 not allow themselves to fall behind. 
 
 In r.ilt Cana.la supplied Ilonjr Konff with as much as 42:i,.l:i4 sacks of flour 
 Th. following year some HO.OOO sacks were .shipped, while for lOK) no Canadian flour 
 IS iriyen as havinp been imiHirted into IIonR Konp. althouRh it is probable that a 
 certain quantity of Canadian flour was credited to the United States. Last year the 
 import from Canada as shown abfive wiis 11.850 sacks. The Oriental trade should 
 appeal to Canadian millers since it enables them to dispose of the inferior prade.^ of 
 flour for which there is little demand at home. Canadian flour is frequently imported 
 into Honp Kons for the i,urpo.-e of filling the private brands of importers an.l dealers, 
 lliese private brand.s an- filled indiscriminately from C"aiiadiaii. Ameri.-an or Aus- 
 tra Kill Hour. In this way it is not always easy to distinguish In^tween the imports 
 of ( anadiaii and I nited States Hour. The private brands are use! by the importers 
 as a sort of lever apainst the producer. 
 
 RKLATIVK QfAMTV. 
 
 In all cases there is a dccidwl iireference nmonp the Chinese for Xortli Am-rican 
 flour, [he Canadian brands are considered suiicrior to iiuiiiy of those mille.l in tho 
 I nited States. Washiiifrton wheat is looked uixin as especially suitable for the mill- 
 ing of Hour tor the Oriental trade. On the„tlier hand the hiph penvntiipe of whiten 
 an.l the oth.T (lualitics of Hour milled from Canadian hard wheat are recos.„i/e,l by 
 tlie ( l,M,e>e. so that the Canadian brands are considered ..lual and in s.,ii.,. ca-.-s 
 siipenor m quality to the braixls mille.l from the softc-r Washington an.l Oregon wheat. 
 Ihe ( hi.iese .1,, not l.k.> t.> .hal with .lai.aii. wliil,. .lapaii.>se flour, nlthouph ma.le after 
 tfie most ni...hTn pra.-turs, is very often dirty. Chiiu-se flour is still dirti.T an.l of 
 poor ,,ual.ty as .M,nqmn.,l with traiispa,.ific flour. Sevral im|K.rters are of the opinion 
 that AustraliaM Hour w,l prove to be a more s.Tious competitor of the Canadian and 
 AnuTi.-an nnll, than will Asiatic Hour. Australian flour is of pood quality, but a» 
 a rule ,s ,i.,t mil .-d so s,.ientifi<ally as the North Am,.rican pro.luct. A preat deal 
 as,, ,1..,.,,,,], on the UMc,.rt«inti,.s of the wheat .Top in Australia. The foUowinp are 
 h. n..r.-entapes ot p utcn m the priiuipal Hours sold on the mark.-t: the..e penvntapes 
 be,,,. .le,lu,-te.l not by .■Iwinical analysis but from tlie douph by the svsteni kn,.w„ as 
 tbe ( liinese wet wash: — 
 
99 
 
 Mtrnlfht run 'l •'« 
 
 •'"'■«''' '• •• '■ '.'■ '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. :: '.'. :: h'-io 
 
 Amertran — 
 
 Strafght run o.,.,, 
 
 f'ut-off '/ ' ', '■ ' '■ ■■ ' ■' ' ■' ■■ ■' ji-i^;!.-, 
 
 Asiatic — 
 
 HtralKht run ip 10 
 
 fu'-"ff ;; ;; ;; ;: :: :: ;; ;; ;; ;; ;; ;; ;; 22-11 
 
 Australian— - 
 
 H'ralKht run ,,^ 
 
 SKl'l llINc; OK TH.MIK. 
 
 It is thus seen that Ciiiiadinii thnir slioul.l huvc a Rood o|i|K,rtuiiitv in the Iloiiff 
 Koi.sr nmrket after the war iirovi.lf.Ml that tho price is n..t tn,. HIkIi ami 'that the Cana- 
 dinn millers make an effort to (fo after this tra.U-. An eii.leavour should he nia.le to 
 tret the Canndian brands before the trade as soon as possible and a few shipnu-nts of 
 about -JO.im saeks eaeh would be sufficient for this purpose. A most important .'on- 
 Hideration is the securing of Ro,,d r.'i)resentatives. Before the war the bulk of the Hour 
 imported into Hoiijr Konpr was han.lhd prin<-ipall,v bv three firms, ea-b of whi.'h 
 inijK.rted in the neighbourhood of I.immmmio sa.'ks a .v.'ar. In view of the present sliift- 
 ing of sources of supply, man.v of the IL.iik Kong importers are free to take on the 
 represeiitatum of Camnlian r>ro(luces for business after the war. It is stronsly urged 
 that the Canadian millers should send over a capable mill man to iiupiire into con- 
 ditions on the siMit. Inifore giving their agency to any one firm. 
 
 XoTK.— A list of the i)rincipal importers of tlour into Hong Kong has Wen for- 
 warded. Canadian millers desiring a copy shouhl make application U, the Commercial 
 Intelligence liraiK'h, Department r,f Trad<' and C.mimerce, Ottawa. (File So. iTMHJlt.) 
 
 MARKET FOR LUMBER. 
 
 Hong lumg is not as large a market for soft wood lumber as Shanghai. Various 
 factors contribute to distinguish the tiinlier trade of Hong Kong from that of Central 
 and Xorth China. Owing to tlie more tropical climate of the south, a wood is re<iuired 
 which will not shrink and which is able to resist the ravages of wliite ants and other 
 insects. In South China. American and Japanese soft wood lumber has also to face 
 stronger comi)etition from the various hardwood tinil»rs of the east, such as teak, 
 Philippine and Borneo woods. 
 
 The annual requirements of Oregon pine lumber for the Hong Kong market are 
 said to amount to over 10.000,000 superficial feet. The principal users are thfi dock- 
 yard and shipbuilding companies at Hong Kong, the two largest of which take about 
 1,000,000 superficial feet a year each, while other shipbuilding and repairing concerns 
 also require large quantities. The bulk of the remainder of the Oregon pine imported 
 goes up the river to Canton and other towns, where it is used for the construction of 
 houses and boats. 
 
 Only a small quantity of Douglas fir lumber from British Columbia saw-mills has 
 been imported into Hong Kong in past years. Ihis has been almost entirely brought 
 171 hy one Inrge importing firm, which ha? its own raiiis in Britisli Columbia. There 
 would appear to be room for propaganda in favour of Douglas fir and the variety of 
 uses for which it can be employed. 
 
30 
 
 CIIIKr WOODS L'SEO. 
 
 period:- ^ "'" '""*"• "^ t""^"- ■"«" ""„» Kon^ during that 
 
 cu. ft. 
 
 f>nk 
 
 T»ak 
 
 Dllier hnrdwocMla. 
 t>reKon nine. . , . 
 
 2,1I» 
 
 ?.2tO,775 
 • 01,411 
 4<.U« 
 
 Owing to high freight* and other causes the qunntitv of Or..,n„ „"'" 
 last j-enr was le.is than usual and eummt 1^ f„L '•"»"'"? o' Oregon pine unimrted 
 of the „,arket for this ZZ A htrge amt, t f'T J'"T"'""? "^ '^^ '•^"''"'"enU 
 and repair companies Tor deck in ^0^^ ""^ ", "^ ''^ '*•«> ••''P building 
 
 furniture. Thi ti^r is imZoTfrot ^''"'''Tn ^''"'^ " "'''° "^"^ ^"' ""''«in8 
 logs to he sawn ,„. a7r<^uired The Philfnn? ""? ^""""- "'"""^ i" t^e form of 
 quality, but most of itTs inacces. Mo n^'^T'' '"lands produce timber of excellent 
 efficient labour is also Lde rnTrhfexpition"Tph"l ' • '° ^ ""'• ^'^"'^"^ »' 
 from the Philippine, is one of U.e chTef comSt^r. of n'^"'"' '™''"- J'"""" ^'^^^^ 
 apigong is us«l largely for flooriL A sZr . / Oj«pon p.ne. while Philippic 
 principally for the Lnufactu" 'furniture BoZ'-" '"f '''"' " "'"" '""^'^ 
 timUr for the Hong Ko„g market Thr " T'i,*'"''" '"""''' "^ ""PP'y «' 
 
 •pending large su,n. to d^velon the t;,n J •^"'"''"'"^"' "^ "'■'■"«'' ^orth Borneo i. 
 from this .our..e s likelv to nr v ' '"du«try of the colony and the competition 
 
 Borneo timber is . hnrtwood o L",!; ""^7*-'.^-'"' '" '^' *""'^ "^'- ^^l war. 
 located at eonvenie" t Ztnce from tb "k T ""]'' ""'"-^ '^"^"«"' ^""^t'^'" It « 
 tively low cost, norneo t^mler h ^V''fl'"-'1« ";>/«• »- l-rought out at a compara- 
 with ship-building and^^Si ^ndrS ^^^trt^TCer '" ^"""-*'- 
 
 IXCRE.\SIXO rSE OF NATIVE TIMBKR. 
 
 employed for sidi.ig in the enn-tr n, r I 'V ^""''^""^ P'ne «3 principally 
 
 other i.urn.Ke. f „. .. n ' ' "■~'""^""" .°^ •'""^'^^. »">» '* al^o used for a variety of 
 oon.trlt.,',-j,,;k^.,'\ '!"'', T^ - required. It has long been nsed for the 
 for <...ff„ldi ,.r Tn,,. r ^T'--'^'^" ^'^'"''"^^ P"'" "e 'lisplnein^ bamboo 
 
 ^•'-' • pin.' will not :' a'Ced bv'wl 'L' T^t?""" '""^'- '''™ ^'"^"'^^ ^^'^ 
 
 chi-u"i:;;:;'::ilr d,::;if:;rS"f"" ?" 't. -' 'Y '■■^"'''•""'^ - p-^ -"tunes, 
 periodic., 'K...:rr™:; ii;:::,^^/ii -s ^ni^ "^^71-^7 J'-:"' 
 
 compri-.e one of the few district, in .1 . / , • , " ^"^ °^ Foochow 
 
 The lo.s are .l„ated dow w ^ '. X Umean I" "''"' ■""''"' "^li '"' °'*'''"->' 
 Min river and it. tril„,f. ,.;„ V ^■^'^.'."'^"t "i''""^ ot communication afforded bv the 
 
 three ..nw-mi L "L 'a , Xnothe; ^n"^ °' "v'\' ''" f'"' *" ^"-•''"«- ^'l'"'' 
 timber in flnna h-is hteh com e , ^rT-M^''^' f '^'- ^''^''' distributor of 
 .aw-n.ill at I^,,;d„niL" whereof "'''^'"'' "/ f ^"'■"'•^ '"■''^'^ «"'! '""dern 
 
 below l.-.,..,.ho„- Thi t3'„ cTne T'TT'"^' '""^ "'"' '^''''''"^"^' " '""^^ 
 timber to II„„. Kon^ '^ '" '^"^ '"'^'-' """"'iti-* "f ""ochow pine 
 
 J.4PANESE PINK. 
 
 ^ 
 
«1 
 
 •oft and not very durable wood. AltlioiiKh it cannot compiire in quality with timber 
 from Britith Columbia und other produciuK arcai, Japanese timber isi in demand for 
 purposes where a cheap wood i* required, si h as for railway sleepers, box wood and 
 wood for the small and cht-np chis* of houses which prevail to so lurifc nn extent in 
 China. From Japan timbf-r comes to Iloiut Koiiir principally in the fonn of lo^s 
 ■quared in the rough direct from the forests. These are worked up by hand into 
 building nmteriiil as retjuired by native workmen. ()ret;oM pine imports on the otlier 
 hand oonsi.st almost entirely of heavy beams, plunks, boanls and bridge timber. 
 
 USE OF OREflON PINE. 
 
 The Douprlns fir or Oregon pine imported into Ilonjr Koiik i;* chiefly used by the 
 shipbnildiiiR and repairiu); companies for the lininjr of cariro hold.'*: for interior work 
 in cnhins. coilings. bunk siih'n. etc. In the con.struction of houi«e«. Doujrlas fir or 
 OrcRon pine is employed mainly for siiliuR. The Chinese require only rouKh tiniber 
 for buildi'iK purjtoses. Oregon pine i.'* not suitable for flooriiiR on account of the rnv- 
 atfes of white ants. A fairly larRC amount of DouRlas fir or Orejfon pine is used for 
 gt«Kiii>r. Junk: and sampans liave Imm u made from this wood, but F(jochow pine is 
 getieruUy used for this purpose. 
 
 Shipbuilders at Hong Kong state that tli.'y could use (freator quantities of Douplas 
 fir or OnvoM pine if th<' wood wius properly seasoniil. The shrinkatrc in Oregon pine, 
 which has not Ix^'u naturally seasoned, is one-(|uarter inch to a foot and ir this reason 
 is not verj- suitable for use in a tropical climate. The dockyard and shipbuilding 
 concerns at Ilong Kong have been considering the possibility of iising Douglas fir or 
 Oregon iiiiie for decking. They are an.xious to rcc-eive quotations on a consignment of 
 clear-grained Douglas tir suitable for this purpose. Hitherto the imjiorters hav.> given 
 little attention to this matter, apparently not wishing to order small lots of good quality 
 Douurlas fir when they can confine themselves to China grade timber shipped in large 
 lots Teak has hitherto been used almost entirely for decking. The decking eniplovcd 
 includes 4-incli, 5-incli ."iid fi-ineh plunks. One of the chief advantages in favour of 
 Douglas fir or Oregon pine is its lightness. This is especially important in connection 
 with the building of shallow dra\ight steamers. Oregon pine weighs JS to ;j-.» pounds 
 Iier foot as compared with .''>5 to (iO pounds for teak; it is also a very much easier wood 
 to Work and can be inqHirted sawn to the lengths recjuired. whereas teak and other 
 woods aro often sold in the f-rm of logs. For these reasons Douglas fir or Oregon 
 pine for certain )iurposcs is favoured by the dockyard and shipbuilding companies at 
 Hong Kong. Kjcporters of liritish Columbia lumber should inquire into the piw.siliili- 
 ties for partieii)atiiig in this trade, as with the advantages of cheap labour. shi|)build- 
 ing promises to be an important industry at Hong Kong. 
 
 
 (;r.\dks and sizes. 
 
 The Douglas fir or Oregon pine tinil>er imported into Hong Kong is almost all of 
 what is known as the (^'hina grude, which is a mixture of merchantable and Xo. :.'. The 
 sizes of i)lanks retpiired usually run in inches as follows: 1)> by 1; V2 by :.'; ]i> by .'5: 
 12 y 4; li' by -,; U by C, and 12. H!. Is. l'O. 22 and 24-inch logs. The average buying 
 price for Douglas fir or Oregon pine before the war ranges! from $1S to $22 gold iK>r 
 1,000 superficial feet landed in Hong Kong. Owing to high freights across the Pacific, 
 the present price is around $!tO gold. This price is very high compared with other 
 woods. As a result a larger j/roportion of F'oochow pine has been sold. In normal 
 times Douglas fir or Oregon pine can compete with Foochow pine in price, and at 
 the same time is superior in quality. I.auan timber may be considered the chief coni- 
 pelilur of Douglas tir or Oregon pine in the Hong Kong market. Other things l)eing 
 equal. Lauan is usually preferred ow mg to the poor grades of Oregon pine imported. 
 In 1016 both woods were selling for about ti cents ilex, a foot. As a rule Oregon 
 
 s^,v:^'»!mY5ii 
 
by th« white ant i«v,t .,,,1 ,.,„ "f* '"^"'"y 'f"* I""* '• UK) hi^h. It i, not ndocted 
 
 -dH, .h......i ,.. ;..:; r'li,::':::::;' ,:;;:;'— ;:vi;- "'*.';.'• ro,„„.:.r;:3 
 
 hiKh n. ,.<„n,H.r..d with Or.v-n am.I \V,.,h., „, , ^"'"'"'"" '"»»'>"'■ hnv.- U^.„ u^ 
 
 '•tvir own pr..iK;rl.v org»,w/,.l i„r thi* buiine,-. 
 
 HANDLING or LL'MIIKR ,m,.„bt thaDK. 
 
 and i„ othor producing countri^ ThesT fir, , \ I""''" '°"' "' ^'""•' "^'""i'^- 
 
 Pnncipn, centres „nd well orZW?rJ; If T/x''- ""'V'''''"'' ''""""'^ »» ^l" 
 covorin, nil important point, i, .he LtoHo t i ';;"7' '''"'"''•' '""'^•^ ''-'"• 
 ranad.nn lumber on the Hong K.mg m S 'on "'^ *" """^ ^'"" ♦»'«^ "«'«" "^ 
 
 argonizntion and fncilitic, for CdHn^- 7^- 'T""^ ''''^°"' ''"'"« ^"''" 
 t»;o trade in Hritish CoI„n,.:ia lb ha boet" rs^"''r. 't i"""'"- ^" »»■« P"» 
 of rc,.re,ent„tion and the handicap under w^ h 1 P "r""^ T"' '" *'"' '"'•'' 
 •n the securing of tonnage for the shinLrt of I, . T''"",' '"'"^ ^">^« '«»>""'<•'» 
 
 HAIUtEI POE KITAI^ ^ MACHIHEBT. LEAIHB «» PAPEB. 
 
 Thore IS 
 
 ''hiiia 
 
 «u 
 
 a (fOOll OIMIliliL' flir ll,.. 
 
 . ,-. i-. «...! St.:, ; , ;.,;■'':;::;;:;: „:^, ^'-f-" tmd. with 
 
 ■•"•h in iron or., and ,„..,.r , .r' M '"""'""">■• Although 
 
 -^onnrct.on have only recently l,e^,„n to be L,. ''•"'"}'!•'" "*' ^^e country 
 •na will be able to s„p„ly JyJ,\V '^''"''"'"^^ ""^ 't "'H be many years 
 
 ^.rcat Britain ^!tG::-l^^:,rZZ: V^ "- "-',-'"---»' fo" 
 'T metals to the Hon^ Ko J mnrketT, ' ""^ 'l'""''*""^ °^ "'"" ""'' 
 .ncreas.ng dependence has been plnc,.l pon North V •" T"'* "^ ''"' conditions 
 products It i« probable that tl i/part of th f 1 1""?.™ ^'"" '^'^ '"f^^''-"' "^ 'hese 
 jource of supply f,,^ ,ome years to' come The 1^ "'" •™"*'""^ *" ^' *'"• --"" 
 Kong expresse,! their desire to be nlnrnl ♦ l^'"" ""I^^t*"!? firms at Ilong 
 f.nds of iron and steel .oods A th' , ^^'e ".r:'',"':*? ^"-'l'- -Portors of a,I 
 arge rade in these products, Cnnad In firn sho:; u" " u*."'"''"' ^'^^'^'^^ "-y 
 fa.ry large business after the war n such fn^s "^^'"theless be able to do a 
 
 anjfles. rails and other iron and s e^^ prTd„ W" """ 7*^ """ "''"^' ''«-• ^^eets. 
 
 on V considerable export from Cana la ,.' IIo rr ' '""\'""" ^"""-"-^ ^^e 
 
 S ■!;=--;;-,:-;: :--- -"^:^::^. Jtv.! - s%s 
 
 ^"-ay and industrial devolpment of ^^5^ ^li '^llt^r iijj;:;-^: 
 
 I 
 
 
 ^i\A■.' 
 
 ^■ 
 
 V..'.>>-v. 
 
Urge quantity ofiron .„d .trel .„d „,he, m«Ullic good, into Hong Kong ,„d (^.n- 
 
 IROM AND ■TEKI, IMfoBTH. 
 
 h.,f ^r'.-""','^ ,'"/*•* "'^""'""^ ^"""^ "' ''"" ""J ««■' "• i"'P"'»«l into Hong Kong 
 
 It I. in.portan ,r Cunu.lian .'Ximrfrs of iron und sfol product* to tho Hon» 
 Kon^ mari<ct to bear .n mind that tlie trade is n-gulated bv 'Hb n,»„7i a ' 
 
 prevailing in Urc.i Britain and other European foutl. A, an 'n t n" '""''T' 
 
 ^3 Le^...ard^. The coniiitS l^l^t:; in^ ^^^S^ i;r"S 
 -. otherwise the ■m,K,rter will bo caused a great deal of unneoes.^ re« on «nH 
 
 -tatai that North American firms would have to change their practieesif thev wT.l! 
 
 to secure a permanent foothold in the South China trade. ^""'^"'^* '^ ^''^y ""l" 
 
 The following summary of the chief assortments given in the list of a Hon„ 
 
 Countersunk chequered-head wire nniU in koo-o ,f i ■ i 
 Hnc^with head. ..^d a.d .., tw! S ^rt^ VSt:t:^'£:-£:^ -- 
 
 coii.^:'=t Ho^^s^ ^Sm ^t/s; :::i ti^' ^™" -'- ^" ^ ^"- 
 
 pounS'^^r wij::;;;;"""'^^ '" ^""^"^ "' ^"^ '^'^"•"^ -^ "p p-''"^ - -ii^ of no 
 
 Mild hoop steel cutting, packed in coils tied with cuttings, 5 feet and up 
 cwt. "t'intnZr'"' ' '"' ""' "•'• ''"' '" '"■"'"- °^ "''-^ "2 pounds, price per 
 
 112 ^zs'::'::::;;^' ""'"'^ '" "'"" ^°'-'"^' ''^"^'••^- ^-'''^'' - -^^ o^ about 
 
 Galvanized-wire shorts in catehwefght bundles of 112 pounds, unwrapped 
 
 Plain bamboo steel in 1 picul cases, lengths of about 33 inches 
 Steel-plate cuttings per ton f 2,240 pounds) 
 
 Round mild steel bars. 20 to 22 feet long, shipped loose, per ton of 2 '^40 pound, 
 . Kound n„ Id steel bars IS to 20 incites long, „rice ncr pi.!., n, h, nt f ■ 
 1 piL-iii nrt, baLmi. l„use for small sizes) " ' """1'^= "i -""ut 
 
 of aW r'pS.lll^^bill^^i^S"^ '""'• ''''-' '"' ''-''' ^^""^^ ^^- ^" ^--I'es 
 

 
 34 
 
 one ptur',^tTa"a„:e1oo::)"''' ^^^^^ '"^^ ^"^'^ ^^ ^'^^ (-«» ^izes in bundles of 
 
 pric "r!!?^JS ;:"""* ^' '^^' '°"^' '^'^''^^ ■" ^-<^>- "^ "bont 56 pounds: 
 
 per tlroYir^ottnl"'" "'""' '" ''^•'* '"'"^ "" •'""'"- °^ «''-* ^^ Pounds, price 
 Chequered plate or floor plate, sheets shipped loose. 
 Steel joists, unpninted. per ton of 2,240 pounds 
 
 lineillS: oT'Zil^' '''-'"''' ^''^ ^" '' '-'^' -''^ - >^"-r, packed in tin- 
 
 per S:'i;'^:2;o';i:Ss „:;: '^'°"* ^^ ^^^ '°"^ ^" ^"■"^'- °^ "^'^ ^^ -»'- .^^i- 
 
 Mild steel plates, 
 one p'leu? ^'"' ^'"*^' '" '""'"^^ ^•''''' ''^- ■- "-'^^ '--• P-ked in hundles of about 
 
 wthtf ^j^;;::;rLs'i;"ei: " "''^" ^'^ '-'-• ^^^'^ '-- f^'^- -^ tied 
 
 iron and" sS^.:;;.::: I';:: 3 ti^r^t^S S^ 1 ^ 't::^'^' - "-- '^- ^^r 
 j.et. sp.,., „.e,.tion's,:o..,d ^^l^o'^f^ ^;t^.:::^z ic^:::^ r r- 
 
 bu,idu.p: companies, which have alwavs been considerable WIH ,^'''^ '""' ^^'P' 
 
 OrKMXGS FOR MAOIIINKRY. 
 
 The development ,.f industries in .South Cbin-i will ro .,lf • i 
 
 UKs „f machinery and appliances. Inquiries we n"veTtl"t"ir T' '"" "'I 
 ( anton as to the i.o.ssibilitv of Cnindn «, n„lv-„ r<xine<i hotli at llouf,' Kona; and 
 
 wood-workin. machinerv ^L^, i n^ o Tl"' r '' '""'^ ""'' '"'l^'-^"^^-^ -'J 
 has hitherto been somewhat ret, I'db he Ur^T "^ '" " ™'"""'«--f'^i"« Centre 
 
 an important ndu-trial centra \fo. .• . • y- ''"^ ™'"i'y '= ••'"re to become 
 
 ""Portant in the future vtr.it r^Zr'TZl met r"'",'" '"''" T"'"'-'^^ *" ^« 
 
 o.taMi.hm.nts have started \.p i^:":^^ trjSiT^ri^t T'^^ty"^ 
 nniebmi's and machine to(,I« Tf,., = ,„, i -V " *" '^ demand fur 
 
 the va.i„us o,l"; tvn, In Soutl: CZ: ""' '^^ ""' ^° "^'''■^- '" " ^'"""^ ^•^''--- *«> 
 «n„t.i„ p„Hti.T;,',™,|„," "'■ "' '^'""""- '•"' ""■ l"""--™ »» "«i"« to ,he 
 
suppi • 
 have 
 a lar^ 
 manUi 
 
 3S 
 
 The exploitntion of the tin. antimony and other mineral resources of South Chin. 
 W.1I require the .mportation of mining took and machinery. There is also S h« 
 
 Tn'Str^tle^h r"u'°'" *°f ' """'""^'^ ^"'^ ship-chandTers- suppli^ i. Un^! 
 tion n)th the shipbuilding and repairing industry at Hone Ko„,r TV,? „ '^°""^, 
 
 7r:'':^'::-^^!:i Z^r"'''- ^-r use ahoaJd^ilfiLJ^^r:^ - 
 
 Similar^ .n : J"h t'" 7" T"'" 'T ''^'"^ ^"""'^^ "">ht he able to 
 
 . inilarlr :n . ■. ard to road-mai<injr machinery the requirements in the nast 
 
 fon 'ilinost tnt-ijy for machines r.f T!,;t;=i, .» j j '""cnis in me past 
 
 t- -1a v,.;.v r i' macnines ot British standard manufacture. There is 
 
 and the paiticuiar rc(;uirenicnts of the various districts. Thcr<^ shouhl ho two rnnlu 
 onKineers, one electrical, the other general to travel -.hn J tZ~fv a ^ 
 
 the machines. It is not possihle to c mac ."c v o ic Ch'n T ^'"'^'f'''''''^ 
 
 mum expense to each participant. ' ^ ^ "' "''' ™'"'- 
 
 
 LKATIIKK. 
 
 .r.ulJ-''n7l'M """"^ ''"'""'' ^T '"'*'' ^""^ 1^""" '■" ^"i°"« kinds of leather All 
 grades of leather are imported, but the market has special requirements with re-^d 
 to colour and weight. What is re.,uired is mostly lea her suitab ^rr the n Ikinf hf 
 hand of the special type of shoe worn l.y the Chinese. 17 1 c / f upp ' f thi 
 nuirket calls for leather of a light colour and of medium grade Vorth A nerTa so'^ 
 leather is considered too heavy as a rule for the Hong Kong market. Most "f the 
 ole leather imported comes from Australia an,l weighs about IT to 18 pound: A 
 
 Tiic I'nin,! King:!.. ill, (;,.riiiaiiy aiid Australia wcv f,,>-i.„ ,-lv tl, 
 supply i^r tlie leather ini,.Hed into Hong Kong. 'tst::;;a ^ n^ LtiJ^'^^iSi^r 
 Owing to the prohibition of the export of calf leather from Australia box calf and 
 
 ole^nl TVT r "" t'" ""^ ^'■"'" ^''"•*'' ^'""''^«- ^^"-- kinds of upp " 1^ hers 
 -sole and split sides are also imported from the Tnited States but in relath-Hv "i aller 
 
 alTk ; r'of r'^'^r;''""""^ '"^r '^"''''^ °' ^'"•''^•■■"^ -l-'"*-- from "anar o 
 all k.nds of leather but principally for box calf. It was stated that all kindsof 
 
 ^^ in 7 r '" '^^"'^'^?'' '>"' tJ"^ »>""< of the business is done in the leathers 
 uitablc for the special requirements of the trade as referred to above. Slersare 
 usually ordered by the exporter sending over samples, which are matched W the H.n! 
 Kong importer to ascertain which suit the r«,uirements of his ^u tomers Dealers 
 do not unders and the technical phraseology of the leather trade and hence prefer " 
 order by sample. Importers lay emphasis on the necessity for t.h« reonjirr^ty „' -hi^ 
 ments in order tnat they may meet the demands of dealer/ wi thou t'defays. The names 
 of leading importers at Hong Kong may be obtained on application to the D^rt- 
 ment of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa. ^cpan 
 
30 
 
 PAPEB RE<JUIREMENTS. 
 
 riS""'" "' '" '"" '"'"■" "" ■"-""■" '"■"■'• •■"1 l'«"" •« .«.»nT.. b" 
 
 Tlie fe'renter part of the business in paner witli Tlono- 1C^„., ; i 
 
 doujg hus.ness w,th Scnuh China, since this ma.ket offers T^te "droutleT fo I " 
 .ra.le paper of a speoial kind and a lin,ited sale f„r paper: ^f t'ent Tuality '"'' 
 
 
 MARKET FOR CANNED PROVISIONS. 
 
 Canadian firms sliould 
 in various provision line 
 biscuit 
 
 able 
 
 ■ng 
 
 >i^ able to do some business witli Ilonu 
 
 .^r'o^swim- T''-.i--'Ai'ii fvmr 
 
 TT^afSI'TCSl 
 
37 
 
 and otlior kinds of tinned and imckapc provisions are supplied from ntlier purls of the 
 United Stnti'?. 
 
 Witli the spread (jf edne.itinn and ttie inerea-injr intluenee of Western civilization, 
 the Cliinese are takinp more to Knrnpean artiele^ of food and altlion-li ti.e native 
 diet will never he displaecd, the taste for western food as delicaeies is sur> o grow. 
 This will result in a preatl.v inereasiiiR demand in South China for various provision 
 lines whieh are produeed in Canada. A larpe quantity of provisions is also importefl 
 into Iloiifr Konp for consumption amonir the forei^'n population and for restocking 
 the Phii>s wliich call at the ijort. This latter business is by no means inconsiderable, 
 since most of the large mail steamers plying to and from the Far East take on stores 
 at llong Kong. Canned fruits and vegetables an-' jams have been shipped to lli.nt; 
 Kong from I!riti>h Columbia, hut much more eouhl be done by ('an;idi,in exporters 
 of provisions if they would ju-eiierly go after thi- tra<Ie. Australian firms have been 
 making great iirogre.^s sinee the outbreak of the uin- in the eanuing of fruits and the 
 making of jam. In this way they have bee i .able to displaee the -ujipli.s formerly 
 obtained from the Tnited Kingdnm and other >our<-es. At first there were e.^mplain/s 
 against the (luality. It i> now >tated that the quality of tli,. Australian produet ha- 
 greatly Improv..!, but that the packing is still .lefieient. -I'lie shortage of tin ba> 
 handicapped exporters in all producing countries. Plum, apricot, peach, damson 
 and strawlxTi-y arc ibc principal jams inipnrtcii from Australia. The quality f 
 Californian canned fruits and vegetables and the policy uf the exporter- in always 
 allowing for blown tin- [ind wastage by suiiplying adilitiomd tins is grc:itly com- 
 mended by importer-. The packing of the Calitnrnlan product-; is al-,, sai<i to be 
 Buperinr to that of the Au-tralian. 
 
 Hisf ens. 
 
 t 
 
 o 
 
 CI. 
 
 importanci 
 
 II' (bine-e hav.^ recently acquired a ta<tr for Kuropcan biscuit- :nA the jio-^i- 
 
 of the trade in this line arc very great. Canadian biscuits have been exported 
 
 Koug.^ but the business is at a .standstill for the present owing t,i the ditfieulty 
 
 ng air-tight tins in Canada. In view of the climate biscuits for the South 
 
 .iiarkct mu-t be shipped in air-tight tin-; and the packing i.s a tiK'tor n( preat 
 
 TiNNi:n ni Trii!. 
 
 There is a large import into South China of tinned butter from Au-tralia. Tui- 
 butter costs about 70 cent-. Ilk. currency, a pound laid down in llon^- K'ong. JI;,ny 
 inquiries were received as to the possibility of Canada participating in this trade. 
 It is <ioubt''ul. huwever. if tinned butter from Kastern Canada couhl -tand the CM-t 
 of tran-iDn to Ilotig K'ong in eomt)etition with the Australian produc't. 
 
 FISH I'ROPICTS. 
 
 A large quantity of imported dried, salted and canned fish is consumed in South 
 China. There should be an opening for fish exiiorters in British Columbia to get a 
 foothold in this market. Siberian canned salmon is svipplied from Japan, but the 
 colour is stated to be not sufficiently red. Kipi)ered herrings and herrings in tomato 
 wore formerly obtaineil from Norway, but are now snpplie.l by I'nited States firms. 
 The above fish are gold more as delicacies to those who have a<'quired a taste for west- 
 ern food. The large trade is in salted and dried fish for consumption among the 
 lower classes and good openings are thereby presented for Canada. The Chinese are 
 very fond of salt and the use of salteil fish enables them to ev.qde the exnetions of the 
 salt monopoly which prevails in China. The priiicipal salted fish sold are herrings 
 and shad. There is also a considerable trade in dried cod, sole and flounders. The fish 
 are usually sold at auction almost immediately after arrival. Large quantities of 
 
38 
 
 salted and dried fish hnvp been shipped to the ITong Konjf market from San Frnneisco. 
 This is n trnde well worth iiivestifrating hy British Columbia firms. Salted shad is 
 usually imported into Ilong Konp in shipments of about 500 cases, each caw weighing 
 250 pounds gross. The price in Oc' ibcr, 1015, worked out to approximately .'H cents 
 Xroxican a ]>ound delivered in Hong Kong. The pri(;e for salted herrings was prac- 
 tically the same. This is just the right nrice for the .South Cliina market, where there 
 is a great and steady demand for chef; iish. 
 
 TINVED >II[.K. 
 
 Tinned milk is sold all over South China in large quantities. It has come to be 
 looked upon as an essential article of diet especially in families where there are 
 ynung cliildrcn. The total amount ul' tinned milk liandl.^d through Hong Kong 
 before the war is said t« have amounted to appro.\iniately 800,000 cases a year. The 
 chief demand is for evaporated .skimmed milk sweetened and made very thick. This 
 is very much sweeter and thicker than the tinned milk which is sold in Canada. 
 Condensed cream is im|)ortcd only for use among Europi>ans and the better clas.s 
 Chinese who have aciiuired a taste for tea served in the Kuropean way. The large 
 trade is therefore in sweetened tinned niilk madr "specially for the (^hineso market. 
 
 The trade in tinned milk as in the case of so many other articles sold in China 
 is greatly infiueneed by the conser\'atism inherent in the Chinese character and the 
 great reliance placed upon a "chop"' or trade mark. Before the war about two-thirds 
 of the tinned milk sold on the ITong Kong market was supplied by a company with 
 factories in England and Switzerland. This particular brand was known all over 
 China and it was difficult to introduce new chi>ps on the market. During the war 
 tliis company has had difficulties both in the milk supply and in the obtaining of sugar 
 .s well as in the shipping of its products to China. They have established factories 
 in Australia espei-ially for supplying the Chinese market during the present diifi- 
 culties. liefore the war this brand of tinned milk sold for $7.50 Mexican a case 
 wholesale, laid down in Ilong Kong. The present price is appro.ximately $15 Mexican 
 a case and it is stated that any further considerable advance in price would prove 
 prf)hibitive to tlio majority of consumers. Tinned milk is always shipped to TTong 
 Kong in crses containing four dozen tins. The second largest supplier of tinned milk 
 to the Hong Kong market has been an American concern, which controls factories 
 in (^anaila. This brn;id formerly sold at a higher price than that of the brand 
 referred to above, but was said to be of a little better (|ualiiy. Now that price for 
 both ari> about p<pial and the former company is working under difficulties, the hitter 
 brand has been coming tr, the fore. Tt has always been stated that a new brand of 
 tinned milk coidd only be introduced to the Soiitli China trade if the market was 
 understocked. The present disturbed condition of the trnde therefore presents an 
 opportunity for establishing an 'idependent Canadian "chop" on the market. There 
 is also an opening for the sale of con<lensed cream of Canadian matmfacture. Several 
 firms exi>ressed their desire to secure the representation of a Canadian brand of 
 tinned milk. In v'^w of the great possibilities and the magnitude of the trade, the 
 South (^hina market for tinned milk deserves careful investigation on tlie part of 
 Caiuidian firms. 
 
 MISCEI.I.ANKOUS. 
 
 In addition to the various linos dealt with in detail above, there are a great 
 many miscellaneous articles imported into Hong Kong v;hich Canada might be able to 
 sttpply. There is for instance a large trade in drugs and chemicals of all kinds. 
 Some business could no doubt be worked up in certain drug and chemical lines if 
 Canadian producers would get in touch with importers at Hong Kong. Paints and 
 colours, brushes, enamel-ware, tools and various small hardware articles present other 
 openings for pissible Canadian trade. The wearing apparel imported into Hong 
 
 Wri^ 
 
.59 
 
 Kong for thp use of the forpiffn oomniiinity lias hirherto been mostly of British manu- 
 fieture. but the diffioulty of obtMiniiipr supplies has In! to rortnin articles siieh as 
 hosiery, underwear, knitted iroods an<l aiti'.des for ladies' wear beine: imported from 
 the Utjited States. Canadian firms should be in position to offer most of these lines. 
 
 srccKSTIONS Fill! CANMHAN KXI'illtTKIlS. 
 
 The following sunRestions to l)e followed by Tanadian ex|Hirters desirous of build- 
 ing up a trade with South (Miiiui were jfi' en by leading importers interviewer! at Hong 
 Kouff, Canton and other jiorts: — 
 
 Qiiodtlioiis r.i.f. lloiiii A'"'ii/. irln'ren'r j iixsihir. J'nited KinK<li>m ami (i<>rm.in 
 firms have been in tiie habit of so ((uotin;; anil in n<irnial times the exiK>rter ean esti- 
 mate the laid liown eost better tban the imixirter. 
 
 ('ai-ffiil p.ri'iiitinn of orilfix. Tlu' enmli'ions stited in the indent should be el.i-ely 
 followed. 
 
 l'r<>mi>f iji'ciilion 0/ onh-rs. Failings in this re>peit nn the j)art of I'nited States 
 e.\i)<)rters since the war due to coiiKestiou unti otiicr causes has (jreatly hindered 
 developn'cnt of trafle witli that country. 
 
 (liantiiui (if iVhhouiiIh. avnidauce of ti.xed prices. 
 
 f'arf in cslitlili.'iliinii (K/ciki/x. ('anadian expnrtiT- siiouhl avoid frrantinff atri'neies 
 to firms alreaily handling tlieir i)articular line and wlio wish to disarm cduipctition by 
 takiuK on other a>;cncies for the same line. 
 
 Tiiiili' lint in Cliint'si' hiwiiiaijc I'rintinl in simple lanj?ua)re and in the Chinese 
 style, illustrating what Canada <'an offer an(' {living the nimes of suppliers. 
 
 TRADE OF THE OUTPORTS. 
 
 The chief treaty ports of South China were iiutlined previously and 
 it was jKjinted out that commercially they are subsidiary to the British 
 colouy of Hong Kong, which serves a.s the trade centre for all of that part 
 of China lying south of FoochoA-. The importance of Hong Kong in this connection 
 is not likely to be superseded. There is little tendency for other {Mirts to establisli 
 direct connections with foreign countries. This especially applies to the trade in 
 imported foreign goods. Dealers in Canton and other outports have the ciioice uf a 
 larger assortment of stocks through buying in Hong Kong. 'J'hey usually have a 
 broker in the latter city through wliom tliey transact their business. One broker 
 may act for as many as five dealers in the outports. The advantageous situation of 
 Hong Kong gives the pet a predominant im.sition as a distributing centri'. There 
 are also many other advantages in favour of the British colony whii-li make it doubtful 
 if any other South Chiiut port will ever seriously challenge its supremacy in this respect. 
 It ia for itistance com]>aratively cheap for commercial firms to op<M'ato in Hong Kong. 
 Taxation is low. tliere is the relative security afforded by British rule, insurance 
 rates are l^w and excellent and cheap banking facilities are available through several 
 competing institdtions. In regard to export trade there is a certain amount of busi- 
 ness done direct with foreign countries in certain lines from the more important 
 outports on tile coast, sucii as Canton, Swatow, Amoy and Foochow, but this direct 
 trf.de is insignificant as compared with the quantity of South (?hina products handled 
 through Hong Kong. 
 
 W-^.^m^mit^" 
 
iu 
 
 CANTON'. 
 
 Canton is tlie large-t city in South China witli a population variously estimated 
 at from ^,ml,lm to :.',5(HI.(J<)(). It has Iour been tlie principal .-ci't of ^'overuinent for 
 Soutli C hina, formerly comprising with Tientsin and Nanl^iuK one of tjie tliree great 
 vict-royalties of China. Canton is an important indu.strial centre and its situation 
 at the point, where three main trade route- converge from the cast, north and west, 
 drives the city an important position in tiie dome-tic trade of that part of the country. 
 Tliere is a prettil.N Uiid ovit foreign >ettlement, which was created in IS.'.'.I \,y the 
 emhanking and reclaiming of a mud Hat half a mile hmg and a fifth .,f a i. Ic'widc 
 and known as the Shnnieeii. P'our-tifths of this reclamation was iissi^rned na a British 
 concession and one-Hfth as a Kronch eonc(-.^ion. The foreigner- living horn compri-e 
 a self-governing comniMnity to the tiunihcr of ahout 1.,"<I(>. (),i the Sliaim en are also 
 e-tahlishcd nuist of t]w hranchc-s of the foreign firms doing husincss in Canton. Thero 
 are practically only three local foreign firms in Canton, the rtmninder 1 eing branchea 
 mostly of Hong Kong houses. The names of the three firms refernd to may be 
 obtainc<l iin application. The value of the foreign trade of Canton for 191G was 
 given in the customs returns at lOO.OSl.&JS Ilaikwnn tnels. The principal exports 
 are -ilk and its products, cassia eggs. fans, leather, -traw mat-, mattin;.' and paper. 
 
 >»>- .f» •<*•' 
 
 •< »- ' » 
 
 W^^ i 
 
 
 TrcMty I'l.rt .>f W uchou . West River. 
 
 SW.\TOW. 
 
 Swatow i> a hu-y Iiitl,. port, being the gateway for a fairly extensive hinterland. 
 Tins hinterland is a stretch of territory extending from north to south and bor- 
 dered by two ranges of hills, one of which cuts it off from the ports of the Canton 
 Kiver delta and the other from the ports of Fukien— .\moy and Fooehow. This 
 explains the relatively large foreign trade of Swatow as compared with that of the two 
 latter ports, the following being the figures for 19X0:— 
 
 Haikw,\n taels. 
 
 t."'°l n.397..5«2 
 
 ^o°'-'*^ow 20,114.610 
 
41 
 
 The district back of Swatow is a Itirjre importer of beans and boan-eako and also 
 of rieo, althoiifrh rice is produeod in tlie ilistrict a< well. Tiie ataiile . xpcirts are sugar 
 and tobacco. The making of jjrasscloth is an important industry in Swatow. A Rrcat 
 number of coolie emigrants leave the Swatow district every year to work on the rub- 
 ber and other plantations of the Malay Straits and the East Indies. The savings of 
 these eoolies considerably augment he purchasing power of the district. 
 
 The town of Swatow is prettily situated on the flcn River four miles from the 
 mouth. Thi -e is a very good anchorage for ocean-going steamers. The foreign com- 
 munity Hves ."or the most part on the south shore of the river across from the town. 
 A railway is in operation which connects Swatow with Chao-(^hao-Fii, the chief citv 
 of the district and situated H\ miles awny. 
 
 AM'iV Axn Fooniow. 
 
 The trade of the ports of Anioy and Fooehow is greatly on the decline with the 
 falling olT of the traffic in local and Forniosan teas. Formerly the bulk of the tea 
 grown in Formosa was brought to Amoy to lie blendwl. packed and matted. With the 
 development of the port of Keelung by the .Japanese this trade has di.sappeared. The 
 falling off in the demand abroad for Foochow tea has similarly dealt a severe blow to 
 the trade of that port. 
 
 The harbour of Amoy is one of the best protected on the coast, there being both 
 an outer and inner anchorage. There is a fi>reign community of nearly 2,000, who 
 live on an island in the harbour across from the Chinese city. As in the case of 
 Swatow a great number of coolie emigrants leave Amoy every year for the south. 
 There is still a fairly considerable trade done at Amoy and the names of local import- 
 ing firms established at this port may be obtained on application to the department. 
 
 ■ Foochow is a large city with a population of CiiS.OOO. It is the capital of the 
 province of Fukirn and is situated on the ^lir. river at a distance of 34 miles from the 
 sea and nine miles above Pagoda anchorage, the liighest point reached by steamers. 
 The foreign population is about 8O0 and the number is <' linishing with the decaying 
 trade of the port. Supplies of foreign good> for Food ■ are obtained partly from 
 Ilong Kong and partly from Shanghai and the port is siti ated at almost an equal dis- 
 tance from both centres. An important industry at Foochow is the manufacture of 
 junks, Foochow junks being seen all over the China coast. The province of Fukien is 
 regarded by the Japanese as their special sphere of influence by reason of its proximity 
 to Formosa and great .Tapanese activity both commercially and in other economic 
 directions is to be noticed nt Amoy and Foochow. 
 
 HONG KONG TRADE RETURNS. 
 
 As already stated a special department of the Ilong Kong Ciovernment was formed 
 a year ago to supervise imports and exports to and from the colony. Up t^ this time 
 the only trade figures available had been the returns of the harbourmaster's depart- 
 ment, which gave only a slight indi<ation as to the nature of the trade of the colony. 
 The first returns to Ije made available by the newly formed imports and exports 
 department are the figure? for the imports into Hong Kong during the four months 
 ending December 31, 1917, and the exixjrts from the colony for the second half year 
 of 1917. These returns are given below. They do not include (1) cargo brought to 
 the colony for transhipment only, or thro\igh bills of lading: (2) goods imported or 
 exported by the Colonial Government or the military or naval authorities; (3) goods 
 imported under general licenses, which comprise the whole of the imports from the 
 Catiton Delta and West River and a portion of the imiwrts from China Coast iwrts, 
 south of Shanghai ; (4) exi>.)rts by junks or railway. 
 
IMPORTS FOR THE FOl'B MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER SI, 1917. 
 
 „ ., Clanlflrr of 
 
 H*adln». Quantity. Total. 
 Bulldinc material* — 
 
 rrl^^n,'""""" P'~*«- «■»»•• 
 
 oXan,.edwlr.me.h-.. •:.•:.•; "'ly- "•"» 
 
 "".r-^HZ' v. v. •.-. •.•..„uare fe,t. ««"" 
 
 Pl»te „ ■iiinKi 
 
 Mlscellaneou. ;.■.■.;.. ..value. tie.m 
 
 Timber (hardwoods) — 
 
 Oak 
 
 Teakwood.'.' .■.■.'.::::: cubic feet. ^^ 2.119 
 
 Hardwoods (other) '■'■'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ■• "70M39 
 
 Timber (aoftwood) — 
 
 °"'°" "'"* " 46.166 
 
 Chemicals and drufra 
 
 Acid, hydrochloric p,eu,g -273 
 
 n'tric ■• 130 
 
 " sulphuric ■ .. ,■;, 
 
 ^;;it^ '»"'"> ■:.■;.■.•.■.•.•.■.•.•.;; ;:v«iue. „,!" 
 
 Bieachinif- powder:: :: :: ;: :: : "";:'"'■ *-i^ 
 
 Borax ,. 'f'? 
 
 fn-^PhT :.■.■.■.■. ••■■■•••.. 1" 
 
 Olycerlne ., '^2 
 
 Phosphorus „ ,,,„ »,»„;, 
 
 Po,a.h chlorate Of:. •;.-.•. v. v. v. ;-:::;:;:;;. vS:; '"ii^ 
 
 Soda ash..' ..•.;•.;".:■.:■ : ^*""'' »«"."8 
 
 carbonate (common soda) .. "* "il"' I ill 
 
 caustic .. ;■:"' 
 
 Sulphur ., '''^^ 
 
 Chemicals and drags (other)V. '.■.:.■■..■■.;■.■.• .V ;: /.value. 1303.416 
 
 ChiTi^se medicines — 
 
 *^^ird,inioms , , 
 
 ri„n.-,mon ■ . ■ ■ . .' I .' : .' I . ' I ^ " "-"^ 
 
 Deerhorn , •„.'■"* 
 
 OInseng ''',''*■ .':'*•''' 
 
 Musk. .. .. :: »1.210.352 
 
 Ca.«isl.i ■.'. ■. „ ,, ''^r 
 
 Senna leaves : .". ., •J'SJn 
 
 Chinese medicines (other).. '.'. '.'. '.'. .'. '.'. .. '.'. :: :: :: •• $2 908 023 
 
 Dyeinif and tanning materials — 
 
 ?^n!r^;;::;; • •; 'x-'- ^''."o 
 
 f'smbler -.; .. 1'"" 
 
 Indigo (artlflclal) .. ,~7,a 
 
 (vegetable) .. ^^-',1 
 
 Mangrove bark ., ro -ii 
 
 Oallnuts .. '■'■'" 
 
 Safflowcr '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. •• r 
 
 Sapan vood .....'.. ■• <> <til 
 
 Dyeing and tanning materials (other)'.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'.value. %9i.lU 
 Foodstuffs and provisions — 
 
 Beans (broad) ,^„,g 
 
 (green) ., t9 -ar. 
 
 :: z"^;i ::::::::: ■• 1?:^ 
 
 • other) .. in«i7 
 
 •■ <T>-o6unsy :: :; - .. *i'iii 
 
 Fish and fifshery products — 
 
 Agar agar „ ^j 
 
 A-.v;tbi .. . .. , 
 
 B?che de mer .. "•,": 
 
 Conpoy "..:.': .. ,«,? 
 
 Cuttle fish .. g •*^; 
 
 Shark 11ns ;• ;' •■ •• .. ''^•^" 
 
 Fish and fl.shery products (other) ..:::: " 117:»21 
 
 
43 
 
 IMPORTS FOR THE FofR MONTHS EStHNG DECEMBKR 31, li«17. — Continued. 
 
 ClaMlflfr of 
 
 Heading. guantlty. Total. 
 Flours — 
 
 RIc* flour •• 405.441 
 
 Rice meal (rice bran) " 111,844 
 
 Tapioca flour •' 22,3.->!» 
 
 Wheat flour " lt!.^,453 
 
 Wheat bran •' 189. 59S 
 
 Flours (Other) " 8,412 
 
 Oraina — 
 
 Barley 
 
 Maixe 
 
 Pice (broken) 
 (cargo). 
 
 (ftlutlnouB) . . . 
 
 (red) 
 
 (white) 
 
 In huak (padl) . 
 
 Meata — 
 
 Bacon and ham lb. 
 
 Beef •• 
 
 Sugar piculs, 
 
 Veitetables (fresh) — 
 
 Garlic •• 
 
 Onions " 
 
 Potatoes •' 
 
 Frt'sh vegetables (other) '* 
 
 Vegetables (preserved) — 
 
 Vegetables (dried, salted and pickled) 
 
 Vegetables (tinned and bottled) " 
 
 Miscellaneous foodstuffs and provisionR — 
 
 Birds nests lb. 
 
 Biscuits " 
 
 Butter " 
 
 Cheese " 
 
 Coffee " 
 
 (."ondlments value. 
 
 Confectionery and sweet meats lb, 
 
 F}ggs piece!". 
 
 Fruits, fresh and dried piculs. 
 
 *' tinned and bottled lb. 
 
 <;hee •' 
 
 Ginger piculs. 
 
 Jams and preserves lb. 
 
 Macaroni " 
 
 Meat and fish (tinned and potted) " 
 
 Milk, condensed tins. 
 
 Mushiooms piculs. 
 
 Oatmeal lb. 
 
 Sago piculs. 
 
 Sausages lb. 
 
 Soy piculs. 
 
 Tapioca '" 
 
 Tea ■' 
 
 Vermicelli *' 
 
 MIsce.Ianeous (other) value. 
 
 Fuels — 
 
 Charcoal piculs. 
 
 Coal tons. 
 
 Coke " 
 
 Firewood piculs. 
 
 Liquid fuel tons. 
 
 Hardware — 
 
 Brass nails, rivets and wire piculs. 
 
 Brushes value. 
 
 Copper nails, rivets and wire piculs. 
 
 Crucibles value. 
 
 Iron nails piculs. 
 
 Iron and steel safes value. 
 
 Tinware piculs. 
 
 Hardware (miscellaneous) value. 
 
 1,932 
 
 r.i,47K 
 
 1,074, SIX 
 
 333,747 
 
 26,S6« 
 
 911 
 
 2,2or>,42S 
 
 2 
 
 325,794 
 
 100 
 1,104,D.S4 
 
 :.73« 
 
 23,781 
 
 23,077 
 
 884 
 
 6,299 
 175 
 
 7:i,331 
 
 23,119 
 
 37,721 
 
 41, SIS 
 
 3.',S,«47 
 
 »17,133 
 
 Ii;0.322 
 
 D0ll[341 
 
 19,(10 
 
 10 3, 3. -.7 
 
 4s,4ir, 
 
 17:! 
 
 .■.3.2J7 
 
 32,490 
 
 231,ri.'<9 
 
 8,00ri,994 
 
 S,S31 
 
 2sr..49r> 
 
 1.012 
 
 84,090 
 
 2.-iS 
 
 l,7fil 
 
 11,175 
 
 42,920 
 
 $593, 7118 
 
 0,317 
 32s»,lfi2 
 3,512 
 9,227 
 «,287 
 
 736 
 t7,908 
 
 737 
 »7,101 
 15,314 
 }7,37S 
 
 523 
 161,14.' 
 
44 
 
 IMINIRTS KOK TIIK K0I:R MnSTIIS F.NDINO DECRMBKR 31, 1917. — Continued. 
 
 ClaMlflpr of 
 Headlnr Quantity 
 
 Machinery and envlnra— 
 
 Eniriiira, Internal rnmbuatlon and pKinta *' 
 
 " Mteain, othor thun loponiotlvps " 
 
 Machinery, agrli-ultural Implements " 
 
 " propelllnK, other ihan Internal combuatlon 
 
 er fines and parts 
 
 IndtiNtriui ** 
 
 ahlpa 
 
 " sugar " 
 
 " sundries •• 
 
 Metals — Brass — 
 
 Brass and yellow metal, bars pirula. 
 
 " sheets and plates 
 
 '• tubes and pl|)es " 
 
 (other) " 
 
 Copper — 
 
 Copper bars *• 
 
 " sheathiK " 
 
 *• sheets and plates " 
 
 " tubes and pipes *' 
 
 (other) •• 
 
 Iron and steel — 
 
 Iron and steel, angles and tees " 
 
 Bamboo, steel 
 
 Iro nd steel bars ' 
 
 " " castings •• 
 
 " ryllnders (empty) " 
 
 " cuttings " 
 
 " " hoops 
 
 joists 
 
 " " pigs and kentledge •' 
 
 " " pipes and tubes (wrought) " 
 
 " " pipes and gutters (cast) " 
 
 " " plates 
 
 " " sheet (black) " 
 
 " " sheets galvanized (corrugated and plalnl. . " 
 
 Tool steel • 
 
 Iron and steel wire " • 
 
 " rope 
 
 new (other) 
 
 " old •• 
 
 Tinplates •• 
 
 cuttings " 
 
 I,oad — 
 
 Lead, pig " 
 
 (other) •■ 
 
 Tin- 
 Tin slabs and ingots •' 
 
 Zinc- 
 Zinc bars and rods ■• 
 
 " sheets and plates •■ 
 
 " or spelter (other) ■■ 
 
 Metals, miscellaneous — 
 
 Antifriction metals . ... •' 
 
 White metal '.'. '.'. ' . . ' .. 
 
 Antimony regulus and crude 
 
 Pewter .• 
 
 Quicksilver (mercury) ■• 
 
 Mineralu and ores — 
 
 Iron ore • 
 
 Molybdenite . '. ' ' 
 
 Wolframite .'.' .' 
 
 Total. 
 
 il>!,UO 
 tl2.<l4ll 
 
 M,3a» 
 
 12.270 
 
 ISS,7S3 
 
 I2S,431 
 
 112,040 
 
 $172,523 
 
 ISl 
 
 2.ii4:i 
 
 32 
 
 1,«38 
 
 «1« 
 39 
 29 
 
 234 
 1,414 
 
 18,890 
 
 41 
 
 92. 590 
 
 3,573 
 
 47 
 
 3.360 
 
 1,137 
 
 4.eA« 
 
 40.07R 
 
 5,4»2 
 
 342 
 
 99.471 
 
 i.nriii 
 
 2,029 
 
 30 
 
 11.074 
 
 2. ,'37 
 18,950 
 30.891 
 Cri.446 
 
 1,361 
 
 15 793 
 1,393 
 
 60,357 
 
 11 
 324 
 530 
 
 423 
 
 9 
 
 <.T0< 
 
 « 
 
 8 
 
 4.M4 
 
4S 
 
 IMPoRTH FOR TIIF FfU R MONTH* ENWNO DECrVRKB 31, ;S ' 7.— Continued. 
 
 C1u»lfl*r of 
 
 H»din>. Quantity Total. 
 
 Nut» »nd »e*di — 
 
 roco»nut»..' .1 ,V''iV, 
 
 I'eanuti .. ,„ »,o 
 
 NuU (other) '"•"" 
 
 8«rd»— 
 
 AnKMd '■ '•*!? 
 
 Ur.,*^ .. " 
 
 Melon .eed ., ♦•»!j 
 
 Rriamum leed _^ I'tf, 
 
 Seed! (other) '■'*' 
 
 Animal fatii and oil* — 
 
 l^''"vr:. :::.::■:.::::■:::■:.:::::: :::::: I 3.| 
 
 Tallow '9- 
 
 Mlneral oIIb — 
 
 Benilne gallonB. SS.r.M 
 
 Keroacne " ■,'?.•„,: 
 
 I^ubrlratlnit oil " '^"' i» 
 
 Wax. paraffin P'cul". 10,022 
 
 Mineral olla (other) «alloni. 48.00j 
 
 Vearetable oils — 
 
 Cocoanut oil P'"^"!" ''"^J 
 
 I^lna'-f'l oil ;. Ill 
 
 Peanut oil , 'III 
 
 Seaamum oil 'H 
 
 Wax. vegetable ' ''J';! 
 
 Wood nil " J*0 
 
 RHsenllal olla ' ^"^ 
 
 Vegetable oils (other) " *''" 
 
 Palnt»— 
 
 Paints v'llue. *-*y~l 
 
 " antlfouilni; " $2,342 
 
 wood preaervlnit patents " "^0 
 
 Putty lb. 17.096 
 
 Tar value. $2. ••on 
 
 Turpentine " «:t.649 
 
 Varnishes " 114,r>S7 
 
 Vermilion picula. 28 
 
 Plece-itoods — 
 
 Cotton plece-KdOds pieces. 1.700,751 
 
 Ducks !;nd canvas grey yards. j27,308 
 
 Handkerchiefs dosen. 75,419 
 
 Towels " 12S.17a 
 
 BlanketG (cotton) pieci-s. ]0fi,4I0 
 
 Cotton piece-goods (unclasslrted) value, »15.234 
 
 Woollen piece-goods " $.'30,013 
 
 Blankets (woollen) lb. 44,109 
 
 Woollen goods (unclassified) value. $113,230 
 
 Silk— 
 
 Silk piece-goods piculs. 2,41fi 
 
 Nankeens " •'•*^1 
 
 Silk good.o (unclapslfled) " *' 
 
 Railway materials — 
 
 Iron and steel rails " .. '?5 
 
 Miscellaneous value. $2,475 
 
 Treasure — ., n-^-oi 
 
 Gold, bars and Ingots $l,9^.2,i91 
 
 '• coin (British) " 'l' 'I 
 
 " coin (foreign) " $4,602,742 
 
 •• leaf ;; tlO.n* 
 
 Silver, bars and InEOtn " $36,985 
 
 " dollars (Hong Kong) "' $li).»UO 
 
 dollars (Mexican) " $13. 486 
 
 dollars (other) " $567,466 
 
 " subsidiary coins " ^^,1 7,119 
 
 Banknotes " $305,520 
 
 Copper cents " $3", 953 
 
46 
 
 IMPnR-ra rOM TIIK rDIH Mi>!4THII ENIHWO DRCBMBKR 31, 19X7.— Conlinufd. 
 
 HMdlnc 
 
 V»hlrl»«— 
 
 Uli'yrlr* Hnd trlpyrlM, . 
 
 CarrlaKr* 
 
 Molar r»r» 
 
 Motor cyrlm 
 
 Tlrm (rubber) 
 
 Whirled. mlBr»llani>ou*. . 
 
 Cluninar ot 
 tjuanllty 
 
 Wmrlnj apparel — 
 
 Boota and iihoM Hcathrr) 
 
 " (cloth) '. .'.' . ,' ',' •• 
 
 " (oth»r) ■' " 
 
 Hutu (ThlnMir) ' v»lu» 
 
 Hutu und raps (rorelgn) 
 
 "°".-'->' ■ ..■ .'.■ .".■ .'.■ .'.doien. 
 
 8hlrtii 
 
 8lnKli>t« ............'. " 
 
 Sult». rrady-made ....!........ •■ 
 
 Wfarln» Hppar«l (other) ..valun. 
 
 Sundrlm A — 
 
 A»tii'iitoa 
 
 Anjihalt products '.' .',' .".' .'.' .'' '' ..piculs, 
 
 Arma and ammunition — 
 
 Cartrldgci). sporting value. 
 
 Sundries B — 
 
 Baica (Kunny) pieces. 
 
 (other kinds) .■ 
 
 Bamboo and bamboo ware value 
 
 Beilateada (metal) ....,.....,, pieces 
 
 Belting, machine (leather) value 
 
 "O""- ■ '.'. .'.piculs! 
 
 Books and music value 
 
 Bottles, glass (empty) ' 
 
 ?°»" '',""«•>'> ..gross. 
 
 Braid. Mama Jalue 
 
 " straw .. 
 
 BrMWB ;■.;■.;■.:■.: :/:: •.■.'.•.• ::picuis. 
 
 Buttons (brass). 
 
 piculs. 
 .value. 
 
 Sundries C — 
 
 Candle.s 
 
 Casks 
 
 Celluloid .' 
 
 £!:'"''■• •• ■'..■■..'.;■.:■.;■.■■.■..■. .'.piculs 
 
 Charts and maps value 
 
 China ware (coarse and One) •• 
 
 Clocks and watches pieces 
 
 Coffin Planks ■.•.•. • • value: 
 
 Corks 
 
 Cork '.".".'.'.'.'.'...'.'.'.■■. •• 
 
 Cosmetics and perfumery. ...'...'.' vnln. 
 
 cono..r.w. ■; •• ;;;;;Xu. 
 
 (sewing) , 
 
 Covers (bed and table) ' " .. 
 
 Cutlery and electro-plated ware.. .. .. '.". \\ \\ " " >■ 
 
 Sundries D — 
 
 Diamonds ». 
 
 Di.sinfectanta .■ 
 
 Sundries E: — 
 
 Earthenware 
 
 Electrical accesROUes 
 
 Embroidery 
 
 Emery and similar abrasives. 
 
 Enamel ware 
 
 Blasting powder 
 
 Firecrackers 
 
 Gunpowder 
 
 Total. 
 
 I4,4«» 
 
 IDOT 
 t5].7>i:i 
 
 ♦ "«,"i77 
 tl5.S4l 
 
 tl.ZSt 
 
 i:,.i;3 
 
 43.2<1 
 
 tl«.320 
 
 I17S.ITH 
 
 1S7.72* 
 
 20«21 
 
 72.551 
 
 2.331 
 
 t«0.041 
 
 131.743 
 2'|.185 
 
 • 3 
 
 5,4«4,30>l 
 
 87.a«» 
 
 154.79!) 
 
 823 
 
 166. 64:. 
 
 2,on>i 
 
 J39.192 
 
 1114.421 
 
 2,133 
 
 $7,179 
 
 • 400 
 
 2.17 
 
 13.332 
 
 1,741 
 
 120 
 
 1281 
 
 25»> 
 
 <92B 
 
 $322,44ti 
 
 27,202 
 
 tlOU 
 
 li.-io 
 
 $111 
 
 $39,813 
 
 9,103 
 
 $450,288 
 
 $17,905 
 
 $37,772 
 
 $29,2.-.7 
 $4,195 
 
 $12,285 
 
 $S54,72( 
 
 Sg.S7S 
 
 $5,622 
 
 $145,570 
 
 $7,81< 
 
 $89,951 
 
 $35 
 
-':iUi^. 'mk 
 
 47 
 
 IMI><>RTA rOR THK TOUR MONTIIH KNINNO DKieMRKR 31, I'JIT. 
 Htsdins. 
 
 -Contiuurd. 
 
 Ciauin»r <ir 
 Quantity 
 BundrlM F — 
 
 Kfeulhrra (iluek unil fowl) pk-ula 
 
 (other kind*) " 
 
 Felt and fait ■hrathlnca value. 
 
 Fir* bricka pUi'e*. 
 
 " rl»y picula. 
 
 Flaaka tail kinda) Talu*. 
 
 Furnltur* " 
 
 Fun " 
 
 BundrlMi O — 
 
 Oaa flttlns* " 
 
 (llaaa. K-rap picul*. 
 
 Olaaawara valu*. 
 
 (llu* picula. 
 
 Oraa* clolha *»''"• 
 
 fiuma and rvaln picula. 
 
 «lur cloth yard*. 
 
 (iyt picula. 
 
 Htindri < 
 
 Ha. .ahory value 
 
 Halt, hjmati picula 
 
 (ather) " 
 
 H#mp (tnanlla) picula. 
 
 " (other)., ,. " 
 
 " rope and twine 
 
 HIdee and iklna — 
 
 HIdea, bufTalo 
 
 (foat. ahepp 
 
 •• horfle, asa. mute 
 
 " anii akina (other) 
 
 cuttlnga " 
 
 Hope 
 
 Horns, tiuffalo and cow 
 
 " Jeer 
 
 Hose (canviia and leather) value. 
 
 H'^'usfhold atorea 
 
 Sundrie* 1 — 
 
 Inatrumenta (niualoal automatic) ■• " 
 
 ( muMlcal ) 
 
 and apparatus (sclentlHc) 
 
 Is'nftlasa plculs. 
 
 Uory 
 
 • ware val'ie. 
 
 Sundries J — 
 
 Jadestoncs (rough) " 
 
 Jewellery (real and linitation) 
 
 Joaa sticks pictils. 
 
 Jute " 
 
 Sundries L — 
 
 Li-e and trimmings value. 
 
 Lamps and lampware (other than electric) 
 
 Leather (sole leather) plculs. 
 
 (Imitations) value. 
 
 manufactures (not Including machine belting and 
 boots and shoes) 
 
 Sundries M — 
 
 Machines (knitting) " 
 
 (sewing) " 
 
 M. inures (animal and vegetable) plculs. 
 
 Matches gross. 
 
 Matchmaking n-aterlals (other than phosphorus and chlo- 
 rate of potash) : . ..value. 
 
 Mats (other kinds) pieces. 
 
 Matting- value. 
 
 Mirrors and looking glasses " 
 
 Total 
 
 7n 
 
 2,7t» 
 tS4 
 
 si.as* 
 
 1.9I* 
 t>l.l2« 
 
 133, 23<) 
 tK.STii 
 
 It7,ll<l7 
 
 tso.im 
 
 3.«1S 
 
 134. «0<) 
 
 10.SB7 
 
 1S.7S0 
 
 4,000 
 
 2»5,39'.t 
 
 TOI 
 
 127 
 
 13, 2H 
 
 17,1(81 
 
 .x247 
 
 24,(04 
 
 1,><« 
 
 fit 
 
 1,(33 
 
 10,372 
 
 34 
 
 <35 
 
 324 
 
 tl),J04 
 
 17.057 
 
 J2.7SO 
 
 112,175 
 
 116,732 
 
 216 
 
 218 
 
 «9,560 
 
 13,000 
 120,173 
 
 80 
 4.500 
 
 120.352 
 
 • 73.033 
 
 25,C30 
 
 t2,35S 
 
 $41.S12 
 
 »47,797 
 
 • 60.111 
 
 10 
 
 1,150.807 
 
 $54,482 
 735.529 
 139.363 
 til. 489 
 
48 
 
 IMPORTS FOR TIIK FOI H MONTHS ENDING DEl'KMBER 31, 1917.— CVlhuUPd. 
 
 Classifier of 
 
 Heading. Quantity. Total. 
 Sundries N — 
 
 Nets and netting (fishing) plculs. 11 
 
 Sundries P — 
 
 Paper (Chinese) ■. j uj 
 
 (foreign) .. 27 202 
 
 ■■ news (old) .. 38 941 
 
 „ ■ . W*™ .. 7 jgg 
 
 Pearls (real) y„lup $S 423 
 
 Photographic chemicals •■ $l'295 
 
 goods •• 156 058 
 
 Plants and fiowers (living) .. 110 618 
 
 Printing and lithographic materials .. .',' •• |39[403 
 
 Sundries R — 
 
 ?"K» plculs. 338 
 
 I^"""* •• B8.225 
 
 Rattan furniture value. 15,319 
 
 Rope (other than hemp or wire) plculs. 67 
 
 Rubber (raw) .. -] 
 
 manufactured (not Incluiling tires and boots and 
 
 "hoes) value. $29,592 
 
 waste and old piculs. 513 
 
 Sundries S — 
 
 Sa'* •• 141.992 
 
 Sandalwood •• 4,830 
 
 Scales and balances valui'. |1«,107 
 
 Ships' gear (not specially mentioned) " tl,826 
 
 Shocks and staves, for caskmaking •• 85S 422 
 
 Silk, raw plculs. ' 24 
 
 " waste •• 33 
 
 Silverware •• Tim 
 
 Soap (common) value. iAVi.nts 
 
 " fancy and toilet ■• $G3.198 
 
 Si»-rch plculs. 3,819 
 
 Stationery value. 1118,916 
 
 Stone (not otherwise mentioned) •• 1953 
 
 Stones, precious (not otherwise mentioned) •• J2,080 
 
 .Sundries T — 
 
 Telegraph and telephone Instruments •■ $7,005 
 
 Thread (gold and silver Imitation) •• $12i720 
 
 Tobacconists' sundries ■• |2l!900 
 
 Toilet requisites ■• $25^147 
 
 Tools, hand " $12 779 
 
 Toys and games ] ■• $132]403 
 
 Trunks and suit cases •■ $3,536 
 
 Typewriters and access*'ries ■• $2".'414 
 
 Sundries U — 
 
 Umbrellas.. . pieces. 70,749 
 
 suncfries value. $102,276 
 
 Sundries W — 
 
 Waste (wool) jnciils '> 
 
 " (cotton) •• 1459 
 
 Water (aerated and mineral) value. $3,s,'i4 
 
 Wood-pulp _, •■ ilTO 
 
 Woods (not specially menlloneil) ..plculs. 30 706 
 
 Woodware value. $14!973 
 
 Wool (raw) plculs. 1,247 
 
 Sundries Y — 
 
 Yarn (cotton .. 155,881 
 
 " (woollen) .. jiog 
 
 Buildini; materials — 
 
 Bricks and tiles Iiitcis. 133 084 
 
 ^«'"f"' ..plruls! C..'.4!i;4 
 
 Galvanized wire mesh <• 045 
 
 Gl.ass, sheet F,iuarr feet. 1,137 S.iB 
 
 '''■''■' ■• 2nfti439 
 
 •Granite pleu's. 24,OS0 
 
IMPORTS FOR THE FOUR MONTHS ENDING DECEMBKR 31, IHI' .—C ontinued. 
 
 Classifier of 
 
 Heading. Quantity. Total. 
 Hardwoods — 
 
 Hardwood cubic feet 102. ^178 
 
 Oregon pine , . ■• 7,ri45 
 
 Teakwnod " .IS. .LIB 
 
 HardwcMids (other) •• 47,292 
 
 Softwoods^ 
 
 Amerlean pine. . " 1.2S0 
 
 China fir •• 27.B74 
 
 Softwoods (o'her) " iiii,l22 
 
 BulldinK materials, niisivllane'tus lother) value. $2^,004 
 
 Chemicals and drui;s — 
 
 Acid, carbolic pioula. 14 
 
 " hyilroohlorlo " 6.S32 
 
 " nitric " .-).l 
 
 sulphuric '• l.fiei 
 
 Acids (other) value. $117 
 
 Alum piouls. 10.22S 
 
 Arsenic •' 49 
 
 HleachioK powder *' 7i(j 
 
 Borax " 1,1175 
 
 (■^alciuni carbide ■' l!323 
 
 *'amphor " ,'>02 
 
 Oas (in cylinders) value. J.'iS.l 
 
 fJlyi'erinc picula. 32 
 
 Phosphorus ■• 41 
 
 I'otash, chlorate of " S13 
 
 nitrate of.. . .• " 2.'>2 
 
 Quinine value. $24,221 
 
 Saltpetre piculs. 1.96S 
 
 S<ida ash " 3,.')l.'i 
 
 " carbonate ■' ij,934 
 
 " caustic " 1.740 
 
 Rodlum silicate " S4 
 
 Sulphur '• 1.4fin 
 
 Chemicals and drugs (other) value. $21i:,n71 
 
 Chinese medicines — 
 
 (-ardamoms plcuIs. l.HH 
 
 Cassia value. $2S0.494 
 
 Cinnamon piculs, 314 
 
 Cloves " 14 
 
 Deerhorn value. $3S,79fi 
 
 Ginseng " $247,S(iO 
 
 Musk •' $150 
 
 Turmeric piculs. 1.368 
 
 Chnese medicines (other) value. $4,091,897 
 
 Dyeing and tanning materials — 
 
 Aniline dyes '■ $1,539 
 
 Betelnuts piculs. 24,071 
 
 Cinnabar " 124 
 
 Cutch " 898 
 
 (iambier " 7S1 
 
 Indigo (artiflclal) " 30 
 
 (vegetable) " 158,856 
 
 Laka wood " 184 
 
 Mangrove bark '• 42,959 
 
 Myrobalan " 530 
 
 Gallnuts " 8t0 
 
 Safflower " ij 
 
 Sapan wood " 11,380 
 
 Dyeing and tanning materials (other) value. $244,005 
 
 Foodstuffs and provisions — 
 
 Beans, broad piculs. 1,493 
 
 " green " 23,982 
 
 yellow •• 42,44< 
 
 (other) " b},284 
 
50 
 
 IMPORTS FOR THE FoiR MONTHS F.NDIN(: DF.rEMnr,R 31, 11)17. — Continued. 
 
 Headlnr. 
 
 Pish and fishery productB — - 
 
 Agar airar 
 
 Awabi 
 
 Bfche de mer 
 
 Conpoy 
 
 Cuttle flsh 
 
 Shark flns 
 
 Fish and fishery products (other). 
 
 Flours — 
 
 Klce flour 
 
 " meal (rice bran) 
 
 Tapioca flour 
 
 Wheat flour. 
 
 bran'. 
 
 Flours (other) 
 
 riasslfler of 
 Quantity. 
 
 Total. 
 
 IJiU 
 
 1.4T( 
 
 »,t(4 
 
 90S 
 
 4.192 
 
 1,3H2 
 37."i.452 
 
 7,729 
 S41 
 
 5.085 
 
 im.su 
 
 l.2fi.1 
 5,606 
 
 Grains — 
 
 Barley 
 
 Maize 
 
 Hloe. broken 
 
 *• carpo 
 
 " Klutinous 
 
 " red 
 
 " white 
 
 " in husk (padi) . 
 Grains (other) . . . . 
 
 2,559 
 57,458 
 8ni<,45e 
 14.214 
 77,722 
 63,956 
 
 i.:.t;i,234 
 
 870 
 4 
 
 Meats- 
 Bacon and h; ;i 
 
 Beef 
 
 Game 
 
 Meats and fish 
 Saus.'iKe!* . . . . 
 
 (tinned and potted). 
 
 173,597 
 
 783 
 
 1,010 
 
 22S,196 
 
 558,644 
 
 Sugar — 
 
 .Sugar candy pit-uls. 
 
 moIassc.« " 
 
 raw. . . 
 refined . 
 
 103,918 
 
 6.722 
 
 42,810 
 
 2,348,171 
 
 Vegetables, fresh — 
 
 Garlic 
 
 Gnions 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Fresh veRetables (other). 
 
 54,717 
 26, .•.42 
 17,641 
 51.046 
 
 Vegetables, preserved — 
 
 Vegetables (dried, salted and pickled), 
 (tinned and bottled) 
 
 ."ill. 984 
 3,422 
 
 Miscellaneous — 
 
 Bird's nests lb. £2,092 
 
 Biscuits " 107,451 
 
 Butter •• .'.9,658 
 
 Cheese •' 111,063 
 
 Cocoa ■• .''111,133 
 
 Coff.»e '• 11.077 
 
 Condiments value. $98,342 
 
 Confectionery and sweet meats lb. 732,603 
 
 Bggs Iiieces. 14,227,349 
 
 Fruits, fresh and dried jiicuis. 165,865 
 
 tinned and bottled " 5,457 
 
 (?hee " 697 
 
 Ginger " 12,989 
 
 .lams and preserves lb. 246,804 
 
 Macaroni '• 158,316 
 
 Milk, condensed tins. 13.211.811 
 
 Mushrooms piculs. 8,295 
 
 Oatmeal lb. 51,123 
 
51 
 
 IMPORTS FOR THE FoiR MONTHS ENDINU ;)KCEMBEK 31, 1917. — Continued, 
 
 Classifier of 
 Heading. Quantity. 
 
 Miscellaneous. — Con. 
 
 Saro piculs. 
 
 Soy •• 
 
 Tapioca ■* 
 
 Tea " 
 
 Vermicelli *• 
 
 Foodstuffp and provisioTiK. miBcellanwms (other) value. 
 
 Fuels- 
 Charcoal picula. 
 
 Coal tons. 
 
 Coke •' 
 
 Firewood piculs. 
 
 Liquid fuel tons. 
 
 Machinery and engines — 
 
 h^igineg, internal combui«tion value, 
 
 " steam, not specially mentioned " 
 
 Machinery, afcricultural ■• 
 
 " propellinR, other than Interna! combustion 
 
 engines and parts thereof " 
 
 for the textile industricp 
 
 " for brewinjp. distiliinK. and nu^ar refining.. .. •* 
 
 " ships 
 
 '* other kinds and purts thereof 
 
 " toolH " 
 
 Metals and minerals — 
 Brass — 
 
 Brass and y*'now metal bars j^iculs. 
 
 '■ boiler tubes 
 
 " nails, rivets and wire " 
 
 " sheets and plates " 
 
 (Other) •• 
 
 yellow metal sheathing 
 
 " wire •• 
 
 Copper — ■ 
 
 Copper l)ars ■• 
 
 nails, riVfts and wire •• 
 
 foil " 
 
 sheets and plates 
 
 sheatinR. . 
 
 tubes and pipes •• 
 
 '• (other) 
 
 old ' •■ 
 
 Iiuti and steel — 
 
 Iron angles and tees •• 
 
 " bamboo steel •• 
 
 " cuttings 
 
 " cylinders " 
 
 " hoops ( hoop iron ) •' 
 
 " joists 
 
 '* nails •< 
 
 " jiig and kentledge 
 
 ■' pipes and tubes 
 
 " pipes an<i gutters (cast ) •• 
 
 " plates and sheets 
 
 " rails '• 
 
 " safes value. 
 
 " sheets (blai-k) piculs. 
 
 " sheets (corrugated and plain) 
 
 *' boiler tubes 
 
 " and steel sheets, galvanized " 
 
 " and steel sheets, tinned 
 
 " tool steel «' 
 
 '* wire rope , 
 
 " (other) " 
 
 " (old) ■■ 
 
 Total. 
 
 2,935 
 
 22.359 
 
 23 
 
 r.4.047 
 
 «3,892 
 
 $3t;i.fi79 
 
 95 S 
 
 22.113 
 
 1.090 
 
 l.THT) 
 
 655 
 
 $12,922 
 
 $1,392 
 
 J'i4n,9i;3 
 
 »4,49:i 
 
 $1-.-. 
 
 $27.2r,S 
 
 $104,970 
 
 »9.7r,8 
 
 I.fiS2 
 
 292 
 
 1,42S 
 
 7S0 
 
 2.137 
 
 1,782 
 
 414 
 
 7.10 
 
 612 
 
 2 
 
 944 
 
 88 
 
 42 
 
 1.243 
 
 335 
 
 S.12B 
 
 3.091 
 
 12S,492 
 
 l,.-|3fi 
 
 r..ssfi 
 
 1.034 
 
 2,291! 
 
 3.0,".r. 
 
 TO. 01.-, 
 
 Sfi.434 
 
 1.9»i6 
 
 57..>i34 
 
 fi97 
 
 114,298 
 
 S 
 
 .■.n.-i 
 
 Ii62 
 
 .■iri.9S4 
 
 297 
 
 23.fi72 
 
 IBS 
 
 9.492 
 
 82,24.-> 
 
62 
 
 i.MPOR < FOR THE FOUR MONTHS ENDiNO DECEMBER 31, 1917. — Continued. 
 
 Classlfler of 
 
 Heading. Quantity. Total. 
 
 Lead— .. , .,, 
 
 Dross „ i'°" 
 
 Ore *•"** 
 
 5sier.;.v.v. ■.'.•.• " ^.'^ 
 
 Quicksilver and vermilion — 
 
 Quicksilver " JJ* 
 
 Vermillfm ^•"* 
 
 Till — 
 
 Slabs and ingoU [] ^I'l^l 
 
 T'n."'" .: '-Ill 
 
 •• ore 
 
 Zinc — 
 
 SO 
 
 Bars and rods ,, . ,J, 
 
 .Sheets and plates .. J'"i 
 
 Other *•*" 
 
 Metals and minerals, miscellaneous — 
 
 Antifriction metals " 16 <163 
 
 Antimony ore „ ^•' . 
 
 rcKulus and crude „ 2'"" 
 
 Manganese ore ^^ '• 
 
 Molybdenite ,. j^J 
 
 Pewter „ ,. 
 
 R^^'sar .. 706 
 
 i'o"'" •. m 
 
 Tinware.. .. j „j 
 
 Tinplate cuttings ,. ti 
 
 White metal „ . ," 
 
 Wolframite '■*'* 
 
 Nuts and seeds — 
 
 ... . . '• 5,337 
 
 S°'^°='"'"« •• 156 138 
 
 Peanuts .. tx '\in 
 
 Nuts (Other) "••'"^ 
 
 Seeds — 
 
 Aniseed ,. , „gj 
 
 Melon seed ., 'i'ni» 
 
 Pepper „ 8 956 
 
 Sesamum seed „ lo'nui 
 
 Seeds (other) '"•'•' 
 
 « 
 
 Oils and fats — 
 
 Animals oils and fat»— _, ^., 
 
 F'^h"!! ■• .. 3353^ 
 
 li^.y.y.:/::/:::::. :::::::::: : *• ^.o" 
 
 Mineral oils — 
 
 „-_-,ne gallons. 9.698 
 
 J!™*'"* •• 2,181,550 
 
 Kerosene .. can 7Q« 
 
 Lubricating oil „ ^^"'•'jj 
 
 wax. ■parafflS";'"!*- ■.;■.: ■.;•.•.■ .V :: :: '■'■ '■■ ■"■ 'picuib ^.m 
 
 Mineral oils (other) B*"""'' "•»" 
 
 Vegetable oils — 
 
 Aniseed oil PK^.!'"' ^'^^ 
 
 Cassia oil .. , "? 
 
 C.woanut oil .. ''•"'" 
 
 Colza oil .. ,,,, 
 
 F>sentlal oil .. '•}" 
 
 i;'"«««^°!l :: •■ 62,686 
 
 Peanut o,i „ • .. 
 
 Sesamum oil „ . oo» 
 
 Wax, vegetable ,. ,*•*" 
 
 Wood oil .; "•"« 
 
 Bssentlal oils (other) . '' 
 
 Vegetable oils (other) ' ?•*"? 
 
 Tea oil *''^' 
 
 -lP^«AiTr..*=.fflB 
 
ftS 
 
 IMPORTS FOR THE Foi'R MONTHS KNDiNCi iiECEMRKR 31, 1917. — Continued. 
 
 Classifier of 
 
 Heading. (Junntlly. Total 
 
 Paints — 
 
 Paints valui", *310.4»7 
 
 Putty ">• <52 
 
 Driers value. l8o 
 
 Tar " V,.:<:><i 
 
 Turix-ntlne " L'l 
 
 VarnlHhvs " I4«,«5'J 
 
 Treasure-- 
 
 Coin, bar anil ingol.t value. i3,:,iJ,2H 
 
 ■■ coin (BritiHh) " $24».24; 
 
 " lOin (foreign) " J4.13S,0»2 
 
 ■• leaf '[ ''•;"'!^i;:;i 
 
 Silver, bar and ingots " t'i~i>,-i'i 
 
 dollars (Mexican) " JlT.sTO 
 
 dollars (other) " $2,116,101 
 
 subsidiary coins " |>. 792. 871 
 
 Bank note.'? " $215,051 
 
 Copper cents ** $20,688 
 
 Veiiicles — 
 
 Bicycles ;■_ I-'.SIJ 
 
 Motor cars " $3,y9 1 
 
 Motor cycles " $4,228 
 
 Tires, rubber " $4,941 
 
 \'ehicles, niiscelianeoui-: " $2,988 
 
 Wearing apparel — 
 
 Boots and slioes (leather) pairs. 11.920 
 
 (cloth) " 12.s,3K7 
 
 (Other) ■' .Mr.,ii.'i4 
 
 Hats (Chinese) value. **.'••*' 
 
 Hats and caps (foreign) " $l.i3,836 
 
 Handkerchiefs do«ens. 71,256 
 
 . Silk shawls value. tI6,SM0 
 
 Hosiery dozens. 622, .'144 
 
 Palm-leaf raincoats " 1,226 
 
 .'Shawls (cotton) " •''•<■"* 
 
 Shirts ■' :^»0< 
 
 Singlets " 124,..!*2 
 
 Suits, ready-made " .,N.19 
 
 Towels •• 238,554 
 
 Wearing apparel (other) value. $283,2.8 
 
 Sundries A — 
 
 Asbestos- " $14,567 
 
 Asphaltum " $5,336 
 
 1 $2,421 
 
 Ammunition for revolvers and rifles value and tons . > jj 
 
 Sporting cartridges value. $8x1 
 
 Sundries B — 
 
 Bags (gunny) pieces. 8,956,476 
 
 •• (other kinds) " 2,976,764 
 
 Bamboo and bamboo ware value. $498,745 
 
 Bedsteads pieces. 392 
 
 Belting (machine) value. $100,X24 
 
 Bones picul.s. 1,429 
 
 Books and nu sic value. $52,602 
 
 Bottles, glass <enipty) " $22,522 
 
 Boxes (fan<v) gross 3,341 
 
 Braid, Llama value. $30 
 
 straw ■■ $490 
 
 " (other) " Sl.962 
 
 Bristles piculs. 3.376 
 
 Brushes value. $3S,0i>4 
 
 Buttons, brass gross. in. 690 
 
 Sundries C — 
 
 Candles piculs. 2,534 
 
 Canes value. $76,253 
 
 Carriagts " $2,141 
 
 Casks '• $33,301 
 
 Celluloid " $104 
 
 1 
 
 *r Jt .■*«?' TB-'"'\iK' 
 
64 
 
 IMl'ORTS KOlt TlIK KOIH MONTHS KNDIMi l)K( KMHKK .'11, Ml'i.—ContinHI'd. 
 
 CIttBBinrr of 
 
 Headlnc. Quantity. Total. 
 Sundries C— Con. 
 
 •'halk pk'uls. 2«l 
 
 I'hartn anil inarw valuf. $13.77.") 
 
 China wan- (coarBf and nne) " |r>5A,li<)3 
 
 Clockfl and watches pieces. 34,r)4!t 
 
 " Hundrlen value. ll.Ti.'iS 
 
 r'Dtnn plankB •• $4.208 
 
 •'"pra picul.i. .■i.iifi 
 
 I'ordaKf (olhei than lopi') " 11. 127 
 
 <'ork value. ll.l'JH 
 
 <"orks " i'.tiHI 
 
 Cotton, raw pleuN, l.'i.l.'.n 
 
 (sewliiK) value. Jii)2.:t7:i 
 
 ("overst (lied and table) " l."iit,477 
 
 CoHuietleH and perfuMn-ry " $."jIn.:i.'iX 
 
 Cru<'lble.H " $4.H:is 
 
 Cutlery ami cjeetro-plateil ware " $7:',4H4 
 
 Curios " $l;;;t.69s 
 
 SundrleH D — ' 
 
 l>lsiiifeitant.s •' |!),4fiu 
 
 l!^undrleH K- 
 
 Kathenware " |2fiS.25ri 
 
 Kleetrlial guiid.s ■' i2."i7..'i»2 
 
 Knibroldery " $liii;,7)lii 
 
 Kniery and t-ortindinns " $1."..m:1 
 
 Rnaniel Har>' ■• $144, 17s 
 
 KxploMlve.M— 
 
 BlaatliiK l>»»dei " $199 
 
 Pireeracker.i " ?ltii."i.4s| 
 
 Sundries F — 
 
 Fans, paliD-leaf pieees, 2.t:itK.s.Nl 
 
 (other kinds) •• 123. «37 
 
 Feathers, duck and fowl plculs. 7,343 
 
 *• (other kinds) '* ."i 
 
 Fire extinKUishers value. $3.27S 
 
 " brieks piculs. liS 
 
 •■ i-lay " iilj 
 
 Flasks all kinds value. $2r(,Rsri 
 
 Flax picul.u. ."iTi 
 
 Fodder " 46,11(7 
 
 Furniture value. $l;i9,2'(ri 
 
 Furs •■ $13.r.(i7 
 
 Sundries G— 
 
 (ias flttlns;^< " $2,S34 
 
 (Jlass scrap Iiicu's. 6.5.57 
 
 Glassware value. Il.'i4,095 
 
 Glue picul.s. 2,88S 
 
 Grass cloth value. $9.4,')2 
 
 Gums and resin piculs. 6.136 
 
 Gunny cloth yards S.9S3 
 
 Cypsuni piculs. 11.767 
 
 Sundries U — 
 
 Harberilashery value. $186, 513 
 
 Hair. Iiunian piculs. :l,219 
 
 (stumps) " 941 
 
 •• (olhiT) " U4 
 
 Hardware valu.'. $204,ri.i7 
 
 Hemii. manila piculs. r),4.'>7 
 
 (other) ■' 14.620 
 
 " rope and twine " 10.795 
 
 Hides and skins — 
 
 Hide.'!, deer piculs. 3R4 
 
 buffalo and lov. " 67,CS9 
 
 " goat and sheep " 3,lfix 
 
 '• horse, ass and mule " 654 
 
 and skins (other) " 14,577 
 
\ 
 
 MPoRTS FOB THE Fill R MONTHS EMHNO DECEMBER 31, 191'.— Continued. 
 
 Tolal 
 
 Clasalflfr 
 Qunntlty 
 
 Headnc. 
 Hides and skins — Con. 
 
 Hide cuttinKS 
 
 HopH ' •• 
 
 HornH. bufrnlc) and row 
 
 Hf>He (ranvHH, teather) %'alue. 
 
 Household stores ■• 
 
 Sunilrlen I — 
 
 Instrurnciiis (iniisiiHl, auliiniHtli) 
 
 ImuMical) 
 
 and apparatua (8ci">ntllt<) 
 
 Isinglass ,,„.ulg 
 
 Ivory 
 
 ware value. 
 
 Sundries J — 
 
 Jadestones ( rouRh ) •• 
 
 Jewellery (real and Imitation) 
 
 .loss stii'ks 
 
 Jute 
 
 of 
 
 .pliuls. 
 
 Sundries I, — 
 
 IjRi'e and Irirnniines value. 
 
 Lamps and lampware (other than eleitrlr) 
 
 Launches and boats 
 
 •-•'»'»'" [[ . , . , .' ■ ' .plouls. 
 
 imitations value 
 
 manufarturrs (not inclurlinK beltinK and boots and 
 shoes 
 
 warp piculs. 
 
 ■ ye - 
 
 Series M — 
 
 Machines (knittinR) value. 
 
 " (sewinK) 
 
 Manures, chemital and mineral ..rnruls. 
 
 animal and veKotahl'- 
 
 Mati'hPS Kross ho.vc;<. 
 
 .M.itchniaklnir materials, other than iihosphorus and cliloral.- 
 
 of potash value 
 
 .Mats (lea ) pieces! 
 
 " otiier kinds <• 
 
 ^'■'t'inif .. '.'. '.'.value. 
 
 .Mirrors and lookinj; glasses •* 
 
 Sundries X — 
 
 Nets and nettlns ( tishinK) picu's. 
 
 Sundries P — 
 
 Paper. Chinese 
 
 " foreign 
 
 " old newspaper -« 
 
 *• ware 
 
 waste ' 
 
 Pearls, real 
 
 rhotographic k ■ods 
 
 *' chimU'als " 
 
 Plants and Mowers (iiviiiK) ...... " 
 
 Precious stones (not otherwise mentioned) 
 
 PrintiiiK and lithoKraphir materials [ , ■• 
 
 Sundries K— 
 
 K-IKS pi.uls. 
 
 Kailway materials (miscellaneous) value. 
 
 Rattans "_' .'.piculs 
 
 Rattan furniture ..value 
 
 ware .« 
 
 Rope (other than hemp) 
 
 HubhiT (raw) 
 
 manufactured (not includine lyres, boots and 
 
 shoes) value. 
 
 waste and old piculs 
 
 ware value. 
 
 .value. 
 
 . pictils. 
 
 14,701 
 
 2. in 
 
 >1II.0A2 
 1123,510 
 
 ID, 970 
 
 »:il,Sl,', 
 
 112,01.-. 
 
 5AII 
 
 23 
 
 I7,4«2 
 
 $84,.'!19 
 
 $45.ii2S 
 
 24,S41 
 
 7.J4!1 
 
 |S,!174 
 
 $23S,7l)^ 
 
 I.'.. 4111 
 
 2H,0S7 
 
 120,132 
 
 J47.93!) 
 IK. 
 60b 
 
 tl4.«n4 
 
 jno.urt 
 
 2.A?.r, 
 
 .■|.17(; 
 
 3.iHi:i,orii 
 
 JlOO.ftfil 
 2,.147,t2.'! 
 7.1211,9 21 
 »2S4,.1>il 
 $ll!t,4.-,T 
 
 29,049 
 36,(!77 
 31,S03 
 
 42.290 
 
 9>i 
 
 »2.^.ii 
 
 |.i!n.,<inf; 
 
 1190 
 
 $172.3(iO 
 
 *2.74l( 
 
 J17,S62 
 
 371 
 
 ll,.jon 
 
 fiO,.13(! 
 
 «1.'> 
 
 S,743 
 971 
 
 JS.SLi 
 
 501 
 
 $135 
 
f>n 
 
 IMPORTS foR THE nil R MllNTHS K.NKIXr. IIF.IKMBER 31, 1917. — CotttinUPd. 
 
 rianiiiflrr of 
 Heading. yuantlty 
 
 Sunriri™ S — 
 
 Siiii plrulK. 
 
 Sanrtalwood 
 
 Sau'flufit 
 
 Si'alrH and balan<ei« value. 
 
 Ships' gear (mil Kiii-ilally mFiitlnmd) 
 
 Shrxikii and ntavca (for cask making) 
 
 Sllvi- 
 
 Soap, romnion ^^ 
 
 fancy and toilet 
 
 Starrh ^ , 
 
 Station.ry P'*-"!" 
 
 .mone (not otherwise mentioned) vaUw. 
 
 Sundries 
 
 Teleuraph and telephone Instruments " 
 
 Thread (gold and silver Imitation) "^ 
 
 Tobacconlat*' sundrie* 
 
 Toilet rei|Uisiles '[ 
 
 Tools, hand ^, 
 
 Toys and i^ames ]. 
 
 Trunks and suit lasi'S 
 
 Typewriters and arfpssortes 
 
 Sundries V~ 
 
 Umbrellas.fhin.se Pi'''-'''' 
 
 Kiirnpean ■ • • 
 
 " Japanese ]^ 
 
 " otiier kinds 
 
 sundries value. 
 
 Sundries W — 
 
 Waste icottoni piruls. 
 
 Water, aerated ard mireral valui- 
 
 Woods (not specially mentioned) '''''1'..! 
 
 Woodware 
 
 .value. 
 
 Total 
 
 liiH.aUti 
 
 13,429 
 
 7S4 
 
 I4.'»«»> 
 
 ^:t2,l■■>^ 
 
 IIS.S'O 
 
 I2r.r..7«i 
 
 I2fl.nu 
 
 %l.s■^ ; 
 
 $3".',. fir,') 
 
 $9,913 
 
 »l.!'41 
 $33.S.1>l 
 fl8.2S.; 
 I4.?,l.-i7 
 
 11 in.:!ss 
 121.907 
 (12.119 
 
 1.2.f.'...iS<l 
 
 2:14. ":il 
 
 2.97« 
 
 ll.^ni 
 
 $111,204 
 
 99>i 
 $29,224 
 
 in.oi.i 
 
 $lfiO,712 
 
 Sundries Y- 
 Yeast . 
 
 .piculs 
 
 .pieces 
 
 Cotton (snods - 
 
 fotion tilankets 
 
 •• pjpce-KOods 
 
 ■• thread Va'""" 
 
 •■ yarn P"'.;"^ 
 
 Nankeens 
 
 Cotton Koods (unc'lassiftrd) value. 
 
 Canvas 
 
 . yards. 
 
 Silk goods — 
 
 Silk piece-Koods piculs. 
 
 " pongee 
 
 " (raw) 
 
 •• thread v»lue. 
 
 •• (waste) Pl'-u'" 
 
 " (foods (unolassiHed) 
 
 Woollen goods-- 
 
 Woolliii blankets '•'• 
 
 plece-poods yards. 
 
 thread piruls. 
 
 " varn 
 
 (roods (unclassltled) value. 
 
 Wool (raw) Pt''""'- 
 
 i9i.9(;i 
 
 i..-,,'it;.7i4 
 
 $4,ti9.'i 
 
 27n,is.1 
 
 9.2 III 
 
 $i:..221 
 
 3»9..-:i7 
 
 7,193 
 
 6S 
 
 1.732 
 
 $74S 
 
 29:. 
 
 14(1 
 
 4H.491 
 
 29fi,24.-. 
 
 «S 
 
 429 
 
 $.'.9.7nr. 
 
 1.194 
 
B^M 
 
 w^ni 
 
 gjg 
 
 BH 
 
" T J l L mf