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Tous laa autras •xampiairss originaux sont filmte an commandant par la piamiAre page qui comporte une amprainta d'Impreaaicn ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darniire page qui comporte une telle emprea diagramm«« suivants illuat^'ent la m^thodo. rata > elure, a J J^A 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 CANADIAN FOSSILS 5 CONTAINING DBSCRIPTIONa OP NEW GENERA AND SrECIES, FROM TBE SILURIAN AND DEVONIAN FORMATIONS OF CAXADA; WITH SOME SPECIES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED, BUT NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME INDICATED AS OCCURRING IN CANADA. BY E. BILLINGS. {Extracted from the Report of the Geological Survey of Canada for the year 1857. Montxtal : PRINTED BY JOHN LOVELL, AT THE CANADA DIRECTORY OFFICE, ST. NICHOUlS BIfiSET. SILURIAN AND DEVONIAN FOSSILS OF CANADA. Genus FiSTULiPORA (McCoy). (McCoy, British Palceozoic Fossih, j). H.) Generic Characters,-- Con.llnm incriistinrr, or formincr Jar«e masses, composed of long, simple, cylindrical, thick-walled tubes the mouths of which open as simple, equal, circular smooth-edged cells on the surface, and have numerous trans- verse diapliragms at variable distances ; intervals between the tubes occupied by a cellular network of small vesicular plates, or capillary tubules traversed by diaphragms." This genus has no radiating lamelhe, a character which con- stitutes the only difference between it and HelioUtes (Dana.) 1. FiSTULiPORA Canadensis (Billings). 2>e.cn>/..._Corrllum forming irregular, contorted masses, or wide, flat, imdulating expansions or layers from one-half of an mch to one inch in thickness, which are based upon a thin concentrically wrinkled epitheca. Cell-tubes half a line or ess in (hameter, and about one line distant from each other ; the mouths of the tubes protruding a little above the general surface. Iransverse diaphragms thin, horizontal or flexuous, and sometimes very numerous, there being in some of the tubes three or four in half a line of the length ol the tube. The in- toivolliilnr fiibiilos nro polycfon.'il, fiiihragms jiro well developed, iisimlly lour or live; to one line of the lon.^th. F. Cnnwlcna'm diffcira from ilie other dcscrilxMl species in the following respects : — From F.ihriplrns (McCoy) in having the oell-tnbes uunw disljint and the diaphragniH more ntnnerons.Miul from F. mJiiDr (ilcCoy) in the same particulars, the « ell-tuhea of the latter species being still smaller and closer together than in F. ilcc'qilnis. This coral much rescndjles Jfc'iolifrs puroaa (Goldfuss), but (Uiii be readily distinguished by the absence of tin; radiating septa. LiiaiVihj and Formntloii. — Devonian ; Corniferous or Onon- daga limestone ; lot G, con. 1, Township of Wainlleet ; at the east end of Lake Erie. Culhctoi — A. j\rurray, Esq. Genus CoLL'MNARiA (Goldfuss). Generic charac/crs. — Compo.-eii out upon tin; surface of the rock are from on(! to six liujs in diameter, the average adult si/e being about four lines. Tiadiating septa reaching the centre; about twenty-two sepia in a cm'allite fbuv lin«»s in diameter, with an e(|unl nundj(!r in a riulimentary state between. The great disparity in the size of the tubes in the same mass is owing to th(> mode of increase and gradual grow th of the young eorallites. These, of all sizes from one line; in diameter and upwards, are unilbrmly intermingled with the adult indi- viduals. FiniiKit'ton and Lnca/i/i/. — Trenton ; Lake St. John, Little Discharge. Od/cc/or. — J. Iii«diardsun. Fm PeTRAIA rustic/ (Ji;lli?)gs). nscnpfiov.-^i^trmirUt or Hli^^htly curved, coverod with a BtTouiT opit hocn, whid, is u.oro or less annulated with broad 8 haiiovv unduhitions; rndiating septa about one hun.h-ed rusu- ally a Itttle more; n.uch confuHed in the centre, wl,ere thev form a ves.cuhir mass ; every alternate septum much smaller than the others, only half the whole number reaching the cen- tre. Length from t'-o inches and a half to three inches and a half. D-mietor of cup one inel, to one inch and a half ; depth 01 cup half an inch or somewhat more. This speck^ appears to be the same aUhat described by Edwa.ds and Haime ua.ler the nan.e of Sfrcpfchwua cornicuhl Ibe true 6. comiculum of Mr Hall is a very diflerent species, being always short<'r and much curved. ^''r,mt;un in diameter, distant usually half a line, occasionally in contact or where flexures occur, more 8 than one line apart; connecting processes very short, about two lines distant. Formaflon and LocaZi^?/.— Upper Silurian, Head of Lake Temiscaniinir. CuUcctor. — Sir W. E. Logan. Syringopoha compact a (Billings). Dcscri2)iinn. — Forming large liemisplieriral masses of straight parallel or slightly diverging corallites, which are so closely aggregated as to compose a nearly solid mass; ahontsix coral- lites in two lines. This Species differs from all others of this genus hitherto described in the closeness of the corallites. These are so small, straight and closely united that large masses broken in the lon-i-itudinal direction of the tubes have the aspect of some species of MonUcidiyora. Formation and Localitij.—Ui^iicv Silurian. L'Ance a la Vieille, Gaspi';. Collector. — Sir W. E. Logan. Syringopora verticilata, (Goldfuss.) (Goldfuss, Pctr. Germ., vol. i. p. IG, note 25, 26.) P(>sc7v>^V'/^— Forming large masses, corallites nearly straight, about two lines in diameter, and from two to three lines dis- tant ; connecting tubes three or four lines distant, verticilating, or three or four radiating from tlni tube at the same level in different directions, like the spokes of a wheel. Formation and Lotv// corallites are more regular than in the smaller or stunted groups, in which the corallites are much bent and confused. The connecting pro- cesses are very short and distant, and appear to be sometimes mere inosculations of the stems. The corallites after grow- ing separately for a short distance, approach each other and seem to grow together or iidhere to each other for the space of a hue and a-half or nuuc, tluy then diverge and again unite. These points of contact occur at distances varying from three lines to six, nine, or even twelve lines. Externally they exhi- bit numerous other indistinct aunulations, and also faint indi- cations of longitudinal stri;e. ^ Fnnnatinit mu\ Local it >/.~Beyonhm ; abundant in the Cor- niferous limestone of Canada West. Collectors, — A. Murrav, E. liillinofs. 10 Syringopora nobilis (Billings). Bescnpfioti.—CoralVitcs three lines in diameter, distant two to four lines. The connecting processes in this species have not been observed, but the size of the corallites is quite suffi- cient to s(>parate it from any known species. Furmathm and LucaUhj. — Devonian ; Corniferous limestone, near Woodstock Canada West. Collector — A. Murray. Syringopora elegans (Billings). Description— QoY'dWitc^, one line in diameter, sometimes a littU,' more or less, distant a little less than one line ; connecting tubes half a line in diameter, and distant from one line to one line nnda half, usually projecting at right angles, but sometimes a little oblirpie. E[)itheca with numerous annubitions, £rene- rally indistinct, but under certain circumstances of growth sharply dt^fmed and deep, so much so as to give to the coral- lites the appearance of the jointed stalk of a crinoid. The young individuals are produced by lateral budding, and in one specimen examined the whole colony appears to be based upon a broad lamellar foot secretion like that which forms the base of a Favosite. Th(> distance of the corallites is usually about a line, but like all the other species, this one varies a good deal in this respect. When some causi? has inteivened to prevent their regular growtli they arc? much flexed and consequently at times more distant than when tluiyhave been disturbed. The connecting tubes on the sanj(> side of the corallite are three or four lines distant, but generally on IJie other sides one c" two others in the same space occur, making the average distance one line or one line and a half. Fonmiiion and LoaiUhj. — Devonian ; Corniferous limestone, near Woodstock Canada West. Collector — .v. .Murray Ks(|. i 11 SvKiNooroiu IIisiNOEBi (Billings). X>»m>;„,, -Tim specie fom,s large masses of very lo,„r nearly parallel or sl.gl.tiy varying, slender eorallites'w," dr' are closely aggregated and present a r„,..ed or kn, 1 hv appearance from the great n„„„er of the ™„neet „g bcs' TU d.a,ne er of the eorallites is one-third of a line, or a i|e moR. The tubes of connection are distant from two-thirds of a Ime to one lm„ and a-haif The distance betwe he coralhtes ,s or the greater part less than their diameter The an,l nnmCately become parallel with the parent, and con necked wrth n agan, by the usnal tubes of conuectim.. ^*t"'Hia West, (coiinnon.) CoUccton—A.. Murray and £. liillings. AJfi„;,k, ofS /i;«V,;._Edwards and Ilaiuie have describ- ed two specu.s frou, Ohio, collected in rocks of the age o he O.,on,laga and Corniferous lin.estones, which app^r tl be closely alhed to this; the followiug are their descl-iptions" " " >SVR,N-«0P0RA VEnN-KriLLr-Corallites long, ,listance be- •u g.iia. at he points of the origin of the tubes of connection heso are distant two or thro,, n, ,etrcs; diameter of the ^ ra h,c. nvo-thirds of a n.i .etre."_l,ev'„nian. Columbus unio. (1 iihjpicrs Fimilcs, p. 280.) " SYm.VGoroRA Ci.nvrAxu-Corallites slightly flexuous ^iz^^'^'-'^'V •^■"■-"■'■'^".i»t»-ofthf,;,:7:' 1 . , . coi.iiiitos. IJio (l('scni)f oil of flip --"^ IS too incomplete to .n..b,o i.s to d.ci«ry,/,„„.-Co,-alU,n, fo,-,„ing large hcnisphorical n,asses : calyces nearly o.,ual ,n ,lia,neter, with pe,-io,lical co„st,-ie,ion •Ul„„ at the d,stanco of half . line to one line and a-half I),ai,ln-ag,„s n„,„ero„s, thin, slightly convex, so,„eti,„es d ew,ng fonr or five vesicular swellings upon a sini,I„ su,-face The septal str„c a,-e but slightly devclopc-d, about iifty to le mner en-cu,n(e,-c„ce of the cell. P„,-es only visible i„ the intervals oetween the const,-ictions whe,e the walls a,-e thin th-ee or fo,,,- ser,cs on each plane side of the tube. The cells a;-e from three to four lines in diameter. The constrictions give to the cells of this species a circular that ,.ofn.c.l ,s ,l,neront fiom the species desc-ib.xl byE.lward a,,nia,n,e(op c,t p.090,) „„der the name of do„os,^ Ua„,. If so It should I think be called MMkia ChJ as ,t «,b,ts all the cl,a,-acte,-s of Michelinia. The const,- c e"in!;r;7'' '"^ r?"""'" "■'■^■'^y '"" i-™*-- ^-'^- cells have the usual pr.smatic shape, with po,-es and septal Formation and £„«,%._The only specimen I have seen was collected by Mr. Jfnrray, near Woodstock, C. W I was f,m,d loose, bnt in lithological cha,-acte,-s, t resen bl ho other speces f,-o,n the Corniferons limestone of th Mn^HEuyiA FAvosoiDEA (Billings). 2>«m>.^o..--CoralIum fonning large hemispheric or flat- tened mas.es; cells unequal in size, adult diamfter about twt 14 1 1 If. n-nnhva-mis, flat, horizontal, with siPallvcsi- 1 ncs and a halt; di.ipma„iii>, u , onl',0 cd ro,-..s, very ..nall, inogularly ,list,U,uto,l, ».m,c- Ic i. vs of fie 0,-L aero., the eeU, about o„e..x.U *U,e taut frou, each other in some riaee., «.» „otw,thsta„d- in, very c'-'-'y; *"-, ^Z;;!:;^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Kama's farm. Port FonmUoii and Local it ij.—y^o\mn.iuu Colbornc. Collcctor.—E. Billings. Genus ZAriiuKNTis (Rafincsqiio). ^ . rhnrnctrr'^ -CoraWnm simple, elongated, free and 1 ,,»•;„.- th. l.la.-e of one of tlie racbatnig sopta ; these " bw •O'v U levelope.l,.le„ticnh.tedu[,o„tl,eun,argn,,, ra:.?::! ion the snrfal of the transverse cVnrphrag.ns to -^-ir;ir::^tK5:;--;r^^^^^ r:. e :v:i in t,. san. species the ra.bating septa may or ly not reach tlie eeirtre in diUercnt .nchvulnals. ZaI'UUESTIS prolifica (fSilliiigs)- ^,,,,,,_CoraUnmsimp,o,tu^imrt.ej^^,^vi.ba^^ :l::f "he individuals cxtending^o tbo centre on tire botton. ^4- these 15 of tlu. cup, whore thoy nro .pirally twiste.l or irrognhnrly con- orte,l, in other specimens not re; ^hing the centre, whicli is then occupied by a smooth space or often with a columella elongated in n .hrection from the septal fossette toward, the opposi e side The septa are also sharp-odgod for about half the distance from the bottom of the cup to the margin, then become gradually less projecting until at the edge of the cup they are reduced to mere flat rounc^ed ridges. Len<.fh from four to five inches or a little more. AVidth of cup fVom two inches to two inches and a half D..pth of cup about one Very numerous specimens of young individuals of this species, one inch and a-half and upwards in length, and with fif y or more principal radiating septa occur along with those full grown. These small ones might perhaps be re<..rdens constituting distinct species, but when good spec ml can be ..ve they all exhibit the character whiih are ^W tent lii tlio large iiiciiviilunls. TI.0 presence of the eoI„n,ella seem, „t first si«l,t to be a sufhc.e„t ground for placing fl,o in,mi.Iuals in wind, it occu™ m the genns L.,,,,o,I,,n,„. (K.Uvards and IFain,..) iTve however examined a great nnmher of speci.nens and .ave found every gradation between the following characteristics 1 . Specimens with a perfectly smooth space i„ the bottom ot the cup, no columolla. 2nd. With a columella slightly develcped all'rlid''"""' '"■'" "' ^^^""'""'' '^'''"^^ - ^'-^-^'^ «Paee 4th. Columella well developed, but with a number of irre- g^^ar often elongated tubercles in the surrounding s^oth 5th. The septa reaching the columella, no smooth space. Gth. Septa covering the columella. ^ 7th. Septa reaching the centre, with the columella either prominently, slightly or not all indicated beneath Tins last mentioned form must certainly be regarded as i true Z.,.....,all other characters of the ^nus ^l^^t^:;; 16 and from it there is a regular series of forms leading in the seven directions above indicated or more. It appears to me therefore that so far from these s])ecimens being divisible into sevend genera they only eonstittite one species. The most persistent characters jire tin; roimded edges of the septa near the margin ofthecnp,and the oval shape of the sep- tal fossette, in the bottom of which where it reaches tlic; side of the cup is a single septmn which projects a little and partially divides the fossette. This species somewhat resemble Z. cnrnicula (Lesuenr), but ditlers in the edges of the septa, whii-h are not dentated as in that species. FoniKif/DH, and Locali.'ij. Devonian; Cornifcrous limestone. Extremely abundant at Rama's Farm near Port Colborne, Canada West. Zai'Urentis spatiosa ('J3illipgsj. D(scni)tion. — Corallum short, turbinate, moderately curved and very broadly expanding. At the margin of the cup about ninety radiating septa alternately a little unequal and with their edges broadly rounded as in Z. in-oViJica. Length measured on the side of the greater curvature, about three inches, width of cup two inches and a-half. Septal fossette unknown. This species is closely related to Z. pro/lfica, and may per- haps be united with it when its characters become more fully known. Formation and Z » centre , dorsul n,.u-SM . c at I ^_^ „,,■„!, i, .mrrowly a »li,jl.t curve towar, « "; l^ f j,,„ -...tcHor ; nml.one- n,o- ronnl.!, or trunctc "'^-^^Z^^,, ,,,in»te lor » greater .loralely sn.all, incurve.!, and somcx concentric t'U/aist e; -t™nt::;:tt: "ItWn .en. XViaU, This speeio' may P"" I' ' '',;„„,i,at ailVerot, a.ul rt .. l^t, but the V-P'l' ':",;:;,:, rounaed carina, .•hicUcK- ,,„.;., cl,aracter,sea by * - ™=;„,.„,. ,,„tral angle. ten,l. from tbe urnboues to tU ^ tc ^^^^ — «:— ;tSL;::i:^.«ac.UiverUnre.one. CVBTOPONTA CANAPENS,. (BiUing,). Fig. 8. Fig. 9. " »■ ^°1Set:l*:2':aTeon.eBo„aec...c. i„ hroid-oval ; anterior, posterior, i,e«H,«-o«.-Transver.ely b^^^^^^^^^^ ^_^,^ ^, ,,, dorsal „d ventral margins, »» ^ 1 norti^n of the ventral margin ™„™ regularly rounded a portion ^ j. "about the centre of the ^.d lU .. »om.trmcs . 21 dorsal niar^rl,, elevated, somewhat compressed ; diaffonally and rounded ventricoso from the umbories towards the poste- rior vei.trul angle ; beaks short, obtusely rounded, incurved ; ,^ Fig. 10. Pig. 10. A large specimen from Pauquette's Rapids. surface nearly smooth or obscurelj m trked with concentric ridges; a few strong imbricatiii"- lamelUo of growth nerr the margin of some specimens. "■ . .th from fifteen lines to two inches and one-fourth ; length from eleven lines to twentv- one lines. Some of the specimens are a little more transverse than others ; but there are intermediate forms connecting the spe- cimen, represented by Figure 9, with Figuies S and 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 11. A fragment, shewing the an >rior teeth. The anterior teeth arc short, tie central one beiim the lonir- est and the most curved ; the posterior teeth of the sp-cime'n represented by Fig. 10 are two in nvmiber, elongated and pro- minent. LocnViUj and Funnnhm.—\^\'Ax\^ of St. Joseph's Lake Huron ; U Petite Chaudiere Kapids near the City of Ottawa ; Fourth 22 Chute of the Bonne ch6re and Pauquette's Rapids ; associated with fossils of the Trenton and Black River formations. Collectors— Sir W. E. Logan, J. Richardson, A. Murray, E. 11* •' Billings. Cyrtodonta spinifera (Billings). Fig. 12. D€sm'pfmi.—Smii\],mh-c\YC\i\sLr ; greatest length and breadth about equal; moderately con /ex ; hinge line much elevated; umbones small, incurved ; dorsal margin nearly straight from the umbones about half-way to the posterior extremity of the hinge line; anterior, ventral, posterior and posterior half of dorsal margins l)roadly and regularly rounded ; surface smooth, with a few short stout spines. The specimen figured shews the anterior teeth : they are three in number, and do not differ from those of C. riigosa Length eight lines ; breadth the same. LocaUtij and Formation. — Pauquettes Rapids, and I'ourth Chute of Bonne chero, auociated with fossils of the Trenton and Black River formations. Collectors— ^h- W. E. Logan, J. Richardson, E. Billings. CiRTODONTA OB. USA (Hall Sp.) {Amhonijchia obiusii, ITall, Palaeontology of New York. Vol. 1, p. 1G7. Plato 3G; Figures Srt, 86.) Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Figure 13. Left valve from Pauquette's Rapids. " 14. Iiitorior of some shewing the liM'th. 23 pressed towards the lower mn-.mr .7' ^»™««'l'at com- beco„,i„g inflated ab v Slor "Te "l. " """'""'"' scarcely extending beyond 'the ^Zr^;^:^, J™:!^' pressed scarcely alated ; cardinal line stnlifl.t Zl t "l curvmg from ,ts posterior extremity ; surface ? " " The specimens seen are c,ist« vb-i-p fh- , i- typ .1 form? of7b ™ ""?. '' ''^P-^* ^""--'-'^t fr«" thi typical toims of the genus (Amhovuchln] • hnf u i, t.;eiess the essential fcatnrel. and ^a^o 'be efl'^trr; other genus." (Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, ,,age 1G7 ) ^ I,o,„/„, „w p„,„,;„„._city of Ottawa, Belleville nnd it Colleciors.-^,, ^y, E. Logan, J. Richardson, and E. Billings. Ci-RTODOXTA SUB-TRUXCATA (Hall sp.). E,.on,ia su,.iru.cata, lUU, Pal..o„tol„g, of New YopR-, Vol. i p„.e 156 Plate 35, Figure 3 e, (not Fig. 0, PJ.te 34.) ^ ^ ' This species is common in the Trenton n,.- ;i-^.ones of Canada at a„ the lol',:;;:;: v ':;,!::/ Cyrtodoxta sub-angulata (Hall sp.). Edmondia sub-angulata, Hall, l'al;p„„tology of New Yorl- V..1 • p, .. ,,. ^■^ ^^^ '■^^^1 ^ol- '-, page 156 1 late igurcs 2 a, b. ' maZ'rff' ^P"-- ■ tilt ..h ,„lve two posterior lateral te,.th and an area be- wcen the beaks. That ,,„rti„„ „f t„c hinge line oce, , M by the antenor lunge teeth is destroyed, so th,,t tb.ir character 24 cannot be observed. There is an anterior muscular impression as m the otlier species. It occurs at Pauquette's Rapids and at La Petite Chaudi6re. Cyrtodonta cordifoemis (Billings). i>c.cn>/;o.._Sub-rhomboidal ; cordiform ; extremely ven- tricose ; umbonos ^trongly incurved ; obtusely carinate on then- upper s,de,. the carination extending backwards and dagonally downwards, becoming more rounded and nearly obsolete before reaching the posterior ventral angle ; the hin^e- me IS straight, short, and about at right angles to the direc- tion of the carma ; from the extremity of the hinge-line the posterior side slopes abruptly, but with a moderate curve, to the posterior ventral angle; ventral margin a little convex, andabou aslong as the posterior side ; anterior margin half he length of the ventral, not much curved ; anterior muscu- lar scar oval and distinctly marked; surface concentrically striated. Length of largest specimen examined from the beaks to the posterior ventral angle, thirteen lines ; length of hmgo-hne, seven lines ; length of posterior and ventral sides, about ten ines each. The diagonal carina is not straight out Jias a strong upward curve. Locally andFornuaw..-East point of St. Joseph's Island, Lake Huron, Trenton Limestone. Collector. — A.Murray. CrRTODONTA SIGMOIDEA (Billings). i>.«v7}./;o«.-Sub-rhomboidnl, ventricose, a strong obtnselv angular carina extending from the closely appressed bc-aks wi h a s.gmo.d curve to the posterior y.uml maroin ; anterior end rounded, projecting a little in front of the beaks; v.^ntral margm longer than the dorsal and n.oderately convex ; pos- tenor extremity obliquely truncate. Width one inch Lid a half; length from the umbonesto the ventral margin thirteen Jmes. ° M^ ««Z /^„,„„,;„„._H„.feo„ Eivm- group, Autico.sti. tolkctof.—J. Kichardson. 26 Sub-gemcs VANuxEMiA (Billings). Generic characters.^Qyr,^^ . .,^ , . posterior extremity rounded ant """"'^ "^' ^^^-^^rminal ; ^V-n.ber, sometimes cCed Id T TT '^^*^ ^-'^^We ral teeth from two to four '^"^^'^ ' P^«t«"or late- Vanuxemia INCONSTANS (Billings). Pi ure • ^'^' ^^' . . ''"'''^''"'^'^'^ muscular impression. which is broadly r^unddlt!,^ *"'''''. ''''^'^"""■^'■•«>'ity, formly convex fi. t he bea'kfrl'"'?' " ^■'s'-'ly ™d uni extremity represented by a vty sH "'""'■ '"f ' """™^ the bealis , ve.itral side ren>h,L r'°J«rt.on beneath «'=arthebeaks,whichiss! 1^ *'''"""P'»^''»rt^ Piodby,I,esn;aI,;^,; ;: ':™: '=r-,'-'™ «»'I Pmtlyoeeu- ^trong enrving anterior w, ""tonor extren.ity. Three «heIlverythiekto» d tlett ,™ T"-"™"' '°*^'-°' *»'" ' the beaks; the ant ri^ , ,o I "" '" ''' ™»" »'«" between excavated in the ed. o tl™ /'T'T™" '^ W^™>% few more or lessstro" lly , - 7 ' ''•""• *"'*"'' "«> ^ The beaks are short. ^Ztt^TT"^''"'"^'"' S^'^^' The prorortional en. and I 1 f^^ ^'■"'"'"■'■''• posterior extre,nity, the .re.nt, ""l! ''.":'''" "^ ^l*"''- '» the ventral side beinxr atest width from the d an inch and three or four lines 'orsal to the There is a 96 small variety, scarcely an inch in length, and more obtuse at the anterior end, than the specimen figured ; it is also more ven- tricose. Locality and Formation.—Fomth Chute of the Bonne ch6re La Petite Chaudicire Rapids near the city of Ottawa, and numerous localities in the valley of the Ottawa associated with fossils of the Black River and Trenton formations. Collectors.~^{v W. E. Logan, E. Billings, J. Richardson. Vanuxemia Bayfieldii (Billings). Fig. 17. Figure 1 7. Interior of the left valve of V. Bayfieldii. I^escrlpfwn.— Very ventYko!ie ; ovate; the anterior extremi- ty, mcludmg the beaks, narrowly rounded ; the posterior end broadly rounded ; shell very thick ; seven anterior teeth ; tour posterior teeth ; anterior muscular impression large, deep, and excavated in the very much thickened edge of the shell ; posterior muscular impression sub-circular, superficial and situatedjust beneath the posterior extremity of the hiuire line. The specimen figured is deeply imbedded in a comUMon- twidqmm vetropnlhana), and onlv exhibits tlie edijes and inside of the shell. From the great thickness of the shell, casts of the interior must bear very little resemblance to a perfect specimen. Th«> form is very like that of yanu.mma inconstam, but the characters of the interior leave no doubt as to its distinctness. Localhy and Format hn.—BajMd Sound, Lake TTuron a single loose specimen ; Lower Silurian appears to be of the Hudson River Group. Collector. — A. Murray. 27 ^''^"^^ATnERiA (Billings.) Generic Characters — T^o^ "eak, near the a„t rio/eld XV, '""f™'™ •• "-1""»teral ; pa™ lol , two small obtuse clnC.'^M ™"'™' '""*'''- -•>. one ,„ the rig„t; „o lateral tet't™! " "" '«« valve, and ligament external. ' '"" ""scular impressions ; This genus is dedicated ir. M„n the New York Survey! *"■' "™ "^ 'l"^ Geologists of Matheria TENer. I^ig. 18. Dcscrijnim. — Smnll ^iw margins nearly st^.t „ d '.nralTr""' ^ ''""»' ""'^ ™„tral e'^tremity obliquely ^,"1^""' ' I'T'' ''"'^ "^ P"*''--™' e.^ti;omity sub-trunc' te om Vb ™,.''"'' 'T''' '' »"'--'' vonfal angle, ,,,,;,,, j^ '^ * " ' -^s nearly to the anterior tl- un,bo„os. From the Zlt L '^'"'7'' ^"="1'% beyond e-'"'"'!^ a pron,i„ent obtuse vn!°, "'.'"■"■""■ ™"'™' angle "-.th line concentric s S "^ tratr ""r"" ' «"'■«"=<' "arlTed lines. "'*• ^^""'"■igl't lines; length (bur -£-;«% „„,/ F„„a,ion.~Bh^ Point r , c. . ton liinestoiie. °"''' ^ate St. Johns ; Tren- M«o«--J. Richardson, R. Bell. 98 Genus Obolus (Eichwald). Obolus Canadensis (Billings). Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fisr. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23. Figure 10. Dorsal valve. 20. Interior of dorsal valve. 21. Dorsal view of an clonffafcd specimen which has both I>lace but a little distorted. 22. Side view of the same specimen. 23. Ventral view. valves in Description.— The form of this niagnificoiit species is some- what variable, the width being often greater than the len-rth, and sometimes less. Usmdly, it is transversely broad-oval ; the aiiex of the dorsal valve obtusely angular, and that of the ventral rather acute. The dorsal valve is moderately and pr(>tty uniformly convex; the ventral valve depressed-convex. The beak of the ventral valve projects about two lines above that 29 otthc, dorsal valve, and exiiihit, . • . ^•"^ « triangular oxcavatl tl "f ' T'l' "»"'="'' «^^». furrows ofgrowtl,. I„ tho i„s il! „f h ^r'"""™ ""t-Hcating ««"•, but above tl>e centre "o "vf "'■■'"' ™'™ '''"'^"^ «'o,.s, witi, tl,eir pointed extre il7 '" "'"''"'"' '"'Pn* •'d 'lownvvards, „.|,i|„ ;„ t'i nv^,.?T*"S'^""'''■"'»'*'ect- outwards ; ti.ey are senarat d J^ n , ■'"""' "'"y 'J'^'-Se surrounded on tl,e loux-r , /' Z "^T"'" '"""''"' "'%<>. "nd which forms a project "In ^"f ^f''''^'' ""S"'- bolder, ""'io^. licucatlr and close to to 7 '''''" '"'^'^ «-"-'^- Jeep (lexuous furrow. Tl ,. "n s "°° '""■" '^ " "»'™^-«"d d.nal angles figured by D^vi to""f 'T°" '■" *''^ »- O. tramvcrm (Salter), and O T, I ''""""' (-i^luvaid), «-t in tbi, l,:,ociei t .If :f't:: («";"-'!■)"- very indii: appear to be striated. Tbe i' el f,? '''''' "''™ ''"''^ "o* clearly shewn in any of o„, ! A w""*''"' "'™ « »»* wo inches, but sonfe of e t" 1 !" T""' "^"""^ "^out to .ndividuals which we,rtwf "f ""''""'^'edly belonged from the beaks to the base tlZ "' ''''"^''- Tile length or .ess than the width, the drroLrr"" '" "' ' ""'" ^reafer Locon,;, and F„rma,h>„ _o" "^ triable. Chute of the Bonne ZTp" "'"""'''""y "' the Fourth Townships of StaJrd •irJr'V^^""'' -^ '» ;he assocated with fossils of the IVe ' ' ?"'"^ "^ K^'-frew, stones. ''"^ 1 'enton and Black Elver lime- °""' ^- K'ehardson, an,l E. Billings Gcmcs EicHWALDiA (Billings.) for the pa«gT:r:h7pXet"tr''r'"'''' ™ '^^ -"o beneath tho beak occupfed bjt'i ' f "" "' *'"^ '■"'''""en the mterior divided by » ofc^eure "''Tf'' '""""ve plate, >«te„or of smaller valve divided h,-rt°°"«"'"''"'" '•'•'se the front by a very ptom^nt 'edrf '* "■"'" *" ''-="'' to h.nge, teeth, 30ckeb, I oth..^" „"="'"*"''' "*"' "o val™. "' t'eulatmg apparatus m either 30 I After a gront deal of examination and comparison I have not been able to refer the speeie.s fl,r which the above generic name IS proposed to any of the described irnwra. Although several silicilied spucimens exhibiting the intrrior have b*>en (obtained, they rnal structure of the lar-'-er valve somewhat resembles that of Fr.Uwurus or Camarojl/>oria, the concave plate b. neath the beak appearing to be the homologue of the iloor oi the triangular chamber found in these genera. I cannot make out however, that it is in any way connected with themedio-longitudinal ridge as is the case in both FnifamrrNs and Camaroyhoria. In removing the limestone from silicilied spe- cmiens the delicate processes in the interior of species of brac- hiopoda are very often destroyed, and it is possible that the connection in question may exist in perfect specimens, but not appear after treatment witli acids. It is therefore uncertain whether or not it is attached to the plate beneath the beak. If it should be hei-eafter ascertained that it is so connecud, the foramen on the undjo would still be sufficient to show that this is a new genus, to the establishment of which the charac- ters of the smaller valve and the absence of any articulating and apophysary apparatus would be additional characters. As other specimens can be procured and as the internal characters cannot be well shewn by wood-engraving, I shall for the present give figures of the exterior only, EiciiwALDiA suBTRiGONALis (Billings.) Pescn^/ow.— Sub-triangular ; both valves moderately convex ' and smooth, apical angle about ninety degrees or a little less- Rides from the beak to about one half the kngtli straight, then rounded ; front more or less broadly rounded ; beak of larger '/alve extended, incurved at the point and with a moderatelv large concave area ; beneath beak of smaller valve stron<4y Fig, 31 ' ""otiMuul width about cmn