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Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la methods. 1 2 3 4 5 6 I \i I' f k'< ' :;^^ I < CONTENTS. P- Advertiaement - - - • 1 Affecting Eptstlo The Rise and Progress of New-Bruuswick - 5 The Dey of Algiers Death of Wilham the Fourth 9 The young Mourner The Prince's Lodge . . . . . 10 Biography Letters of Lord Fitzgerald • - • lb. Men and Manners Catherine I. Wife of Peter thu Great 12 Poetry The Marriage Vow ... . lb. The dying Girl to her Mother Essay on Elocution - • • - 13 The Exasperated Lover The Ferryman's Daughter . . . 15 The departure from Land He came too lata ... . 18 Boat Song Scotch Sollad lb. :;. f > A.. , l.'Il:-. J.i gu'JSOliii djiit.i':\ -i!!-vr'Z '\'>y 'V .U;;.!;:^. .d' iy ■ or iHv'Vrl "■ ■ .ii; -ii u;- ^ !i"/ 1 1 !i U •,.! u'li'.li T „(•;■ !■[ Lr.Bj uM'il , •;! ■.,>:' .1 :■!* U^, J 1/ ' ■Wii^^"''"'"^ ■FT Jh ^\ U'^f^n THE LZ'SSEl.E? jLHD SISTOI^ZSAL SAIIVT JOHIV, OCTOBER, 1837. f \ \ THE Subscriber deems himself extremely unfortunate that a sudden attack of illness, dangerously affecting his health, has obliged him, though with the deepest regret, immediately to relinquish the task he had undertaken, of publishing a Monthly Periodical in Saint John. This announcement will undoubtedly be a disappointment to many; but to none more than htm. No trivial reason could induce him to desist, after the flattcrhig encouragement he has received to persevere ; and the ardent feeling expressed for the success of his projected work: but the iron grasp of physical affliciion controls all other considerations, and to its dominant power he is now compelled to submit. In taking leave of those who have so unhesitatingly come forward to sup- port an undertaking, calculated to raise in character and estimation the intellectual energies of the people for whose edification and benefit it was intended, he feels bound Jhus publicly to tender them his warmest thanks; and in order to convince them that he has not been wholly unworthy of p\iblic confidence, ho has concluded arrangements for the publication of a few of the articles which he had hastily prepared, and which, though ne- cossirily imperfect, from his inability to revise them and superintend their typographical execution ; and which, from the circumstance of its being a mere nvunbor instead of the commencement of a series, he hopes will exo- nerate him from the odium which might otherwise rest upon him, and re- tain for him the interest lie has already acquired, which he hopes to avail himself of at some future day, in such a manner as will promote the general good, if an overruling Trovidence shall not otherwise decree. JOHN CROSSKILL. I y — •"''W.iH^ .. .. ,'v V '„ .'7; . < v ^v' ^^;. / » % %A'*^ .;J(»»fc*i>' ^«^««fc;_'^"»:. ^ikiM' V4 £.&fraia-9« 5 <.. f»r-»" * ' ;.*» '' t '"8»'7 . ' t .'Wt» j !;' ." ' "iimiljWi. ' . *' •'•W'^ti'V*- .?|2« ;ii.j»jB :/ ? sv» if/; r/;.Tii«iMSir. ^.^-:.v ..:ii^stuEwS^s«»' t >t. i/, *,> 4Ai !«'i':< -i;^ »£»<« ii *i^iL Si' "'■• »?;.. iSt,,- .:3>ii ■:u)'oy-iii:(fA |.,t ' '' !.<>'« I IJ > '>'."l..i*' ■ vf. ,9r! I ■)(' e:i); (He ^'^ %' V. -iJftiOt. ,,;■;■(.'« 5; J=." ■'■;':'■ i :>>V' :!; ^ir^Vit:?' VJUi -'V.jjj,,i,,, Ij. :*.«; ft^>^?trt^ii^»j' y-^. ^r':i^k-:-\m0 V 3 l.'» 1 '■'. ur?^ .t,<'::J ->,:M«i.* ■■i»% ..:hW. 'Ui' M- '. ■-•>■ iti- Jv» '.!>'(. ■iS*' rr )•■ J, ,r,. §■•■ / J ri '•^^. ■te ..f r t. Vj'^-rt.1 <*>4:/. mm THE JOURNAL. I ( OCTOBBR. THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF NEW ',-«»>- <■ BRUNSWICK. Written Tor tlio " Saint Joiin Young Mnn's Debating Society," und puhii«hed by request of thutbody. Tilt, about the middie of the last century, the present prosperouseolony of New-Brunswick was hardly known. It vv«s at a Inter period that it was called into political existence. The earliest •ssays of its inhabitants were inconsiderable ; few in number, their dwellings did not extend far in- land, but were di!. Indeed his schemes, thuj formed, rarely extend farther than rendering hil condition more comfortable, and are not filled ;iitf enlarged or liberal ideas of national greatness. I| is in vain to search fbr minute enumeration, fore a people has fixed attention by political unionl Without engaging in tedious and tiresome in| veetigation, we will at onco proceed to a review of th« circumstances that led to the great seUlc meot and organization of New-Brunswick into i distinct and separate Province. In the year 1785, we are entitled to assign td the Province this distinbt existence, undera Gc'l vernor of the King's nomination, a Council apt pointed by the King's Representative, and an . sembly of legislators chosen by the people. Thd occurrences that preceded this event are tc well known to need recital. A t the terminatioii of the contest between Great-Britain and tb^ revolted Colonies of America ; the former wai solicited by its adherents in that painful struM gle, to provide them, in the dependencies o| North America still attached to the firitisl Crown, with grants of Land, adapted to the formation of new settlements. This lequesdl was readily acceded to, and arrangements were! consequently made for aflfordiog temporary aid! to the Refugees in the outset of their undertaking.! Va-ious places were selected, and New-BruDswi«k was marked out for the reception of a body of ia-l dividuals formerly resident in the Northern States, j embodied with whom were naanjr of Malled*^tel and intellect. '"■'■ '■"■'" ^' > ■'••'-"- The scheme of settlement resolved upon by the Colonists, their capacity for the discharge of t^ta legislative trust reposed in them, and their abilUj to pursue the arduous duties of their new situ»<' tion, were matters importantly afiectipg the fa- tore progress of the Province, and therefore me- rit particular consideration. Neither a commer- 1 cial nor an agricultural people, the Befugeeai partook of the most distinguishing features of I each, their manners had been formed by a loji^ f series of trials, wherein their commanding ta- lents had been exercised and matured ; the cessft^ ' tion of trafBc, during their warlike employment, had not weaned them from the energy and habits 1 of commercial enterprise ; long continued vicissi- tudes had nerved them with patient endurance: and whilst combating superior forces, they bad becot^c animated with a spirit of vigorous and ^1 steady determination, which afterwards , jijro;fed of* regular society ; and we may suppose them in every way favorable to the airucturs of a Pro- B 1 ''1 THF. .TOUnNAL. OcTonrn. irince in North America. Exlreme distress cn- lured in support of a cause esteemed by tiiem /irtuous, iiaJ atlaclicil ihem to eucli oiher in a ' Dond of unanimity. Thougli tlieir olil possessions weie reiinquisiied, tlie pride of their former grcot- less remained, and they iroceeded to tiie institu- jon of regulations for ensuring personal security, jocial order, commercial tratlic, and religious free- iom, in the new community, with as much fore- jight as if they were providing lor the welfare of n aowcrful dominion. Succeeding years witnessed the happy result of these saluiary proceedings. Every consideration in the choice of settlements was deliberately weighed and their plans were judiciously executed. The co-operation of Go- vernment contributed in a sensible decree to ■the bei eficial arrangements designeil toexl'nguish a monjpoly in traffic, which had obviously re- tarded the progress of the older Provinces ; grants of land were limited in extent and made on condi- tion of partial clearance and cultivation, a scheme sufHcient to check an indolent disposition, to pro- vide temporary modes of subsistence to the neg- lect of the dv'tble provision of agriculture; whilst it left the Capitalist sufficieni opportunity to en\- bark in t\\c Jiskeries and other ventures. It was seen that unrestricted and unconditional grants had imbued the people of the older Colonie? with the strong dcmocratical feeling, afterwards mstru- mcntal in the subversion of the British power. Experience had shown that by lessening the facili- libs then extended to all persons for acquiring free- hold estates, the prices of labour would be dimi- nished, and that tiie creation of the various grades of society would afford to it the most cfhciont vi- gour and security. The results of this enlightened policy were soon felt ; u connection and dependen- cy was formed between the country and the towns; while the attraction ofiabour to the latter cement- ed an interest and union h.ighly favorable to the wholesome growth of the infant settlements; thus ths designs of internal improvement, of leading roads, and of facilitating Navigation, early occu- pied the attention of the legislature, and expand- ded with the increasing means of the Province. Benefit rapidly accrued from the unanimity of all classes, and in after years commercial intercourse had been opened with the West Indies, and the internal state of the Province was prosperous and flattering. That amidst the wearisome ta^ of clearing interminable forest, and subduing the rugged and sterile soil, so much was accomplished for the permanent interest of the Province, must 'be imputed to the freedom afforded by laws fram- ed with theconsumate ability oftheprincipal lead- j ers. For several years succeeding its estab- 1 liahment, it cannot be supposed that the Province ! reneived any vast accession of wealth, or that he commerce was widely ex tended.— For n time whilst the country grniiunlly and swnuily progres- sed, innumerable hanlHliips were borne by the Settlers. Often must the thoughts of the llcfugeo have rL'verteil to his native home and the socrrd haunts of childhood, to the tenderness and love of fond parents, and the innocent sports of youth in the halcyon ilnya of pence, for he had left these to dwell in the wilderness in jioverty and obscurity, though happily in independence. Hard must it have been for men who had never known want in any shape — who hod passed their boyhood and their youth in the lap ofcomn)rt, if not of luxu- ry, to content themselves with moss lor their pillows, and with a bark as their only protection against the pelting of the |)iiilei:s storm, and the cold blast and chilling sleet of a norlhern winter. Yet, hard as it ir.ny ap;iear, their principles, aided by their proud and determined spirits, enabled them to bear up against their a(lvir:;iiies with the greatest cheerfulness ; for who, after he has listen- ed to the oft told talc of the Uefupee.and watched the sparkling of the eye as the red blood began to (low more freely, and to lend an almost youthful glow to the countenance of the oid man, as he re-counted some wild adveitture, and piol\ired in colours of life thescenes of thchunting party, the pursuit and the success, or the more quiet but scarcely less pleasing incidents of the domestic circle; Avho, after having witnessed t. is, would not find something to envy in the toilsome but checiuered life of the Refugee ; who could say with truth, that the blaze of the winter (ire did not shine on many a happy face, and brightness illu- mine many a hairpy home. The resources ol New- Brunswick, most availa- ble to external commerce, consisted in timber, and to this export the Colonists would necessarily turn their pursuits wherever a market was to be obtained, and an adequate return could be procur- ed. Several years had elapsed ere the returns for American Timber were sufficiently lemunerative to lead to a regular traffic in that commodity. It was as incident toother employments, that it was fqund capable of repaying the labour and expense of transporting the timber to Grcat-IJrilain. The circumstances alluded to, were the contracts made by the Government jbr securing the white pine tree.", to furnish masts for the Hoyal Navy, and in connection with the execution of these con- tracts, some limited ventures were made. They could have been little desirable as a source of pro- fit to the adventurers, os we may assunre ; — had the demand and returns been equal to iheeajiiinl, I and labour bestowed, it would hava.drawn a rapid tide of induvtry to that source of commerce. To I OOTOBHR. THE JOUI?NAT.. t % i i 4U' 4r • ihe Froncli revolution, and the ecrica of events which followed, New-Brunswick must mirihule the rise ol the timher trodu. The inimenso pre|iarntions of Britain to defeat the formidable jiower of the llepuhlicani of revo- lutionary France, and the rapid au(rnientation of her Navy occasioned an unprecedented demand fiir timber ; nor was the growing wealth of all classes during the war, less influential in adding to the demand ; plenty had opened new scheme?, ofeni- jdoyment, and the increase of cities contributed to the exhaustion of large supplies of lumber ; the latter, however, was included amongst the pro- duce of the Baltic ; and whilst an amicable dis- position subsisted between Britain and llussia, supplies from the latter would be poured forth, equal to the exigencies of the times. Something was wanted to divert the increasing demand for lumber to this Province. In the year 1800, the rapid rise cf prices fur- nished an opportunity fc)r the few adventurers to engage in a systematic and vigorous application to the timber trade. 'J'he well remembered con- duct of the F.mperor Paul, and the armed neutra- lity of that year, mnstbe viewed as highly benf- ficial in their elfecls upon the commerce of this Province. By the handsome jirofit then derived, a general excitement prevailed to improve that branch ol the Colonial resources. The combined etforts of all classes interested, and the consequent increase of shipping multiplied the facilities, and eanbled the merchants to bring their commodity to market upon so much better terms, as to se- cure a continuance of the trade, after the short flusoension of the Bntish commerce with Russia liad ceased. It had dilfuseil a spirit throughout the community, and imbued all with a strong de- sire to relax noelforts to preserve n brancli of traf- fic which had, though transiently, been attended with prodigious success, and might afterwards prove a source of lucrative commerce to the Co- lonics. Hence, we find that the opening of the blockaded porisin the Baltic, did not suspend the energies of New-Urunswick ; however this re- lapse tended to impair the prospects, it had not extinguished the cultivation of the newly enlarg- ed intercourse ; a large flow of profits to the Pro- vince was far from the only benefit it derived. The warlike array of Furope raised the imjior- tance of the North American Colonies. The firmness exhibited by the enlightened statesmen, in whose hands was ])laced the helm of Govern- ment, was applied not alone to the vigorous pre- paration for augmenting the navy ; it looked also to the means of ensuring a resource for naval stores ; and we find that in IBOI, orders were re- ceived by the Governor of Nova-Scotia, from the Duke of Portland, to encourage the growth of] hem[) ; in pursuance of this design, a Committer i was appointed to institute enquiries and mak*? prejiarations. The resumption of pacific measures could not efface from the minds of the British Ministers, that, while contesting with the redoubted and vi- gilent Napoleon, Great-Britain would be exposed to the jealousy of the continental powers of Eu- rope. Pending the truce, Britain slept not in inauspi- cious repose ; and when the ambitious destroyer of Kings issued his mandate from Berlin, in 1807, when be extraragantly announced the whole of I England to be in a state of blockade, and in effect proclaimed hosliliticsagainst all powersin connec- tion with Britain, England replied by the capture of the Danish fleet ; and when the northern pow- ers murirured at the impetuous decisive measures against Denmark, and made them a pretence for the removal of the armed neutrality, and the cloao of all the ports in the North Seas, (those of Sweden alone excepted), Britain then dared defiance from her wooden battlements and met the world in arms single handed. It continued, under these circumstances, the policy of the Home Government to encourage the exportation of lumber from the Colonies — New- Brunswick participated largely in this commerce, thoug 1 subject to inconsiderable fluctuations ; in the course of a few years, so much was the trade enlarged as to have created a characier of stabiliiy to the Province, and hap|)y prospects of its future increase. Thuasteadily and continually approach- ing to greatneis, -n 1812, she had gained rapidiy on the sister province of Nova-Scotia. Im that year another event happened, one not unimpor- tant to New-Brunswick— the rupture with the United States boded fair to embroil the North American Colonies in a tedious and destructive warfare. The domestic condition of England during the war was attended with unparalleled prosperity, and there was consequently an un- bounded expenditure. Her protection consisted in the insular state of Britain — not such ihe case of the Colonies, their exposed boundaries laid them open to attacks and loss of property, yet so far from having to lament the war, or to feel its destructive influence, the Province gained by it an advantage in the renewed activity it promoted among all classes. No sooiiPi had hostilities been proclaimed, than the people of the States on the frontier adjoining New-Bruiiswick, manifested a disposition not to disluib the peojile oftheTro- vince, a feeling which they reciprocated. Twelve years prosecution of succc-sful commerce had drawn to this country an increase of the precious metals, manufactured goods, and the produce im- 8 THE JOURNAL. OOTOSIR. pojTted From the old country. Muncy abounded at the time of the war, and became itsi-ll' a lucdium of commerce ; and in a lew years the colony amassed augmented stores. The va- rious caused enumerated had favored the commerce of New-Brunswick to Huch an extent — had ditius- cd such opulence thruug;hnut the Province, that enquiries into the means of imparting refreshing powers to her commercial energies wcr«' needJeis. But the increase of population, and the wide spread of intelligence created a necessity for as- sisting the circulating medium of commerce. In the earlier stages of society mutual conhdence was reposed, and thus dispensed with the calls fur a settled currency. The simple operation of the early affairs of tiie Province were found ill adapt- ed to the complicated machinery of the extensive transactions which had followed the pursuit ol comnerce. By the establishment of a Bonk, with a capital of £50,000, the exigencies were tor a while answered. How far it was equal to tho wants can be estimated, when we see the multi- plicity of Banking companies that now prevail, whether all these are called for by tlie effectual demands of commerce, is a question. If opposi- tion has been made to the increasing of these in- stitutions, it is from well grounded apprehension of the mischievous effects that attended the abuse of this excellent system, and an aiious desire to adopt the wisdom without imitating the faults of older Colonies. "^'^^^ ' On a subject of so much intricaSJr, It would be almost presumption in the writer to hazard on opinion ; yet it may be safely observed, that while the shipping oftho Province maintains its present standard, its resources continue to develope new •chemes of wealth, and an issue of paper may be made without apprehension of danger,'not exceed- ing the actual moveable projierty pi issesscd by the Province. Let us now behold the condition ol' suOicient lor home consumption? It is true, the Province has received 8U|)pliei from foreign part*, but yet agriculture has not been disregarded . The peculiarity of the soil of a cold climate, it is known requires time to become sulTiciently fertile to re- ward the Husbandman for his trouble and ex- pense necessarily in award. On looking at the census, it will be perceived that it is only of latv>^«»yt During the last year much litest hnve beeti ac- complished for agriculture, better than all boun- ties, from the spontaneous flow of commerce, the late high prices, and demand for provisions and agricultural p'^oduce — who that observes the pto- Cuse grants for amelioration of the Province, in- ternal and external, will hesitate whether the in- terests of agriculture have been unheeded? Not by forced expedients can the plough be put in action. The timber trade has been fostered, be- cause under its influence commerce has bright- ened, and all those vast measures cfl'ected, which must inevilablyopen the way to extensive indus- try and increase. Had the timber trade been suf- fered to grow languid, wtiere had now been the copious schemes of wealth difFused through an active and intelligent popululioii — where tlic nu- merous and still increasing buildings and sect* of industry with which our cities teem. Instead of these the arms of the forests would have cover- ed extensive spots, which the calls of an industri- New-Brunswick— wherein are hercommerce and ous community will require to be immediately capabilities? Her timber trade may flourish for a length of years, but it cannot endure for ever; will then her political functions cease, and the speculative spirit be extinguished? Short sighted ipust he be who would anticipate such a result. While commercial intercourse exists throughout the world, this Province will at least continue to satisly her own demand^; for shipping ; already the vessels of the Province participate in the car- rying trade, and whr- can see the limit of he raf- fle in the whaling business, in the fisheries, mthe undiscovered treasures which exist within the bowels of the earth. But are we forcing an un- certain and temporary trade to the neglcciof Ag- riculture, and the injury of posteiiiy? Ought not, it mty be asked, the Froviuce to produce grain •mi '■■'--. oultivoted. No market would open for produce, no population enhance the demand. Can it then he questioned that the timber trade has been of incalculable benefit to every interest ofthc Pro- vince ; its continuance will difl'use invigorating .sehemt'S, whilst the opulence it distributes draws continual increase of population. The wants of the community will multiply not only the raw produce of the soil, but provide manufactories within our own cities. Besides tiie incitement to agriculture in the causes adverted to, it may be remend)ered that scientific reasons have been adduced, that the re- moval of the forest in course ol time improves and tempers the soil, by enabling the spin's rays to im- part a genial wartathto the earth ; and allho* the .^: I m^ T OCTOBEII. THE JOURNAL. M* doctrine has been disputed, it hai been conceded bj ail that the inclemency ofthe cold climate haa diminished with the increase of population and habitationi. Thus, the reduction of the foreat, has by a natural cause, assisted the labours of the husbandmun, and justified the judicious policy hitherto pursued, of encouraging the commerce in timber, and leaving agriculture to the silent snd certain effects to which we have briefly re- ferred. Was it within the compass of this essay, we might describe with lively interest, the towns and prospective cities of the Province, expatiate on its numerous lakii and rivers, and describe with pleasing minuteness the estimable advanta- ges each peculiarly possesses. De it sufRcient at present to remark that amongst the humblest of the people, the lights of knowledge have been diffused — that the poorest enjoy the amplest se> curity and freedom — the manners and habits of the people have been moulded by their peculiar situation— and that in the people and the resour- ces ofthe Province, lie the germe of future pros- pects, which the Colonist will survey with delight. And viewing older Colonies less fcvored, will ex- ult that while ho contemplates the visible spirit of decay in commeree, he can discern the cause, and delightfully testify his admiration, that the Colony was formed in peace, directed by hMelli- gence, and proceeds under the auspices of a stable and vigilent commerce. The future is before us, let the present generation emulate the wisdom, perseverance and union of the last, and the hap- piness and welfare of New-Brunsv/ick is ensured. DEATH OF WILLIAM THE IVth. " Lot mo dio the Joath of thn rin;Iitoous, and let my last end \)0 like liis." [Original.] IIis raeo is run— Iiia talo is toldi He sleeps within the tomb ; His last brigiit Jays I seek t' unfold- To uiiiso upon his doom : Sing high ; his virtues loud proclaim— Slug glory to his royal uaiiio ! Tho Summer ofoightcen— Ibirty-soven, Behold our Motnrcli'a breath, Restrained to iiitoiiso painfulnosg,— The painfulness of death ! He murmured not, to Heaven resigned His grief; and hope and fuith combined. But soon dispersed tlio'gloomy clouds, And tho good li'u.g again, Raised from the gloomy couch his head, No • almost freed ffom pain : Hail, ftionnreli, hail! wo welcome thoo, 'Ti« tbino our Father itUl to bo. Aloa ! e'en King's a o not lecure— . , E'en they muit bond beneath The chas'ning of lli' Almighty rod, In lickneiB, loirow, grief; Again with oathma laid full low, To Heaven's decree he leeka to bow. Thus pass'd the time of illneii dirt, Thus flew th' eventful term- Alternately, forebodings dreod, Now illness ceas'd to alarm ; Until the awful morn drew near : That morn was dark, and cold, and drtar. Now see around the loyal couch. His sorrowing friends draw nigh ; Not one among the aHlicted group Who does not heave a sigh : Not one, who, while he sinks to rest, Feels not—" His memory shall be bleit." The throng around him one by one, The favor'd, chuseii few ; They pass on, while h^ bids them all A long — a last — adieu ! What evidence of grief profound, From those deep sobs ncv bunt around! Grief did I say ? ah, yes, his name* Sliall livn whnti hf im cniio : His people bhall his fame rehearie — His love dictate their song : Benignant, happy, firm, serene. Justice and mercy marked his reign. The scene is over — life has fled; Majesty in death is laid — A mournful emblem of tho truth, That " choicest flowers fade:" Affliction's tears o'erwhelm the throng That to his name and house belong. Why weep ye 7 'tis his body slocpe In tho cold, silent tomb ; His spirit's left tho mortal clay — Rccall'd by God's beloved Son: For, hark ! they wispor— Angela say ! " Cumc and repose in perlect day — " Quit thy frail tenement, nnd soar Aloft in Heaven's bright sphere ; We thy Rcdeenier's niossengers Aro to conduct tlice there:" Angelic host! celestial lovo. They wall hiui tu tiiu realms abovak. Resplendent light! tho portals op« With silvery sound, and forth, Issue Heaven's legions — swift andbrigbti " Welcome to new and holy bir Vj Redeeming lovo the ransoms paid — Thy peace with God tlic Lxua has iDtde." C 10 THE JOURNAL. OCTOBEK. THE PRINCE'S LODGE. About six miles from tlio town of Ilalifdx, Xova-Scolin, standi a dclnpIJatoil edifict,'. conimoiily known liy ilic abovn appcllntion. It was liiiiltliy liis Koyiil Ili^liiicss tlio deceased Duko ofKcnt. (fallicr of licr present Ma- josty,) in tiie year 17'J7 ; and lio resided in it till l.^O'J. His Royal lligliiiess then connnanded the Royal I'a- zalcers, dnring the adminisiratioii of S«ir John A\'eiit- worth. Attracted by the romantic beauty of the sjiot ; its comnianding situation, witli the broad expanse of water in tbo Bedford Basin, spread in front, overwhi''h his splendid yacht or pleasure boat might glide. — the Prince, accompanied by the Countess, made tliis his fa- vourite residence, roaring his stately edilice, — sparing neither labour nor expense to administer to its archi- tectural beauty and coiivnience, and to heighten the picturesque ell'ect uf 'he scenery arouud, — he built up and pulled down, just as the wliimsti'uckhim. An ex- ample of the evils produced by the action of similar minds when not directed in some wise and beneficial pursuit, lie expended in its conijilelion about fifteen thousiuid pounds sterling — which tlie home government refused to pay, and the hi?s eouseinicnlly fell upon his own resources. In 18(1-2 the Prince Ifcfilla'il'iv with his regiment for Gibraltcr. t^iuce that period the "Lodge" has been gradually fulling to deiMy,aiid it now remains nearly n Leap of ruins; there lun liciiig a rc)ni;i in the paluec fit ;or (ho per.-ujn who iii\< charge of the pinjierly to live in. The beaillilul walks, tho shrubbery promunadeg, the "Garden of Eden '' and the gr()le^,()iio retreats, are overrun with weeds, and where beaii'y and loveliness once smiled and was felt, the pernljions odhnMiee of neglected groatncsa stitles L'le senses to behold and in- hale. LETTERS OI- LOJll) IIT/GERALl) Thi: follow iiig are some cxtrnrts (iem two letters writ- ten hy this noble., laii soon ;ift' r (lie .irriv.il with his regime :t frein r,uroiH-. That pas^i^.; which, relates to the l.iiiguagi; c'"the people of IIalila.t, if written at tlic present day, v. oiild be sligmatihcd as a lihel upon iicr iiih;,'iit;ints; it U a fart of universal reiiiailc thatthe English lan^M iL' 'n spoken with mere j iirily of pio- noiineiation ifl tliat cnHjrhlrned town, an.! the two pro- vinces generally, than in any other puit uf AiU' ^li is tinctured wiili Galic ; in many parts of Ireland, the native language u'r\i.\ the En;.lisli tongue alternately prevail : in the I'liitcd f^lat/'s ii luu r.!Ci:.ved :iu ori^'iiial addition by a twang through the iia-al ori;aii ; .nml in t'anada the French oblaius an iiillinnce ; but in Nova- Scotia and .\ew-Blun.v\\lck, gc'in rally sjieaklng, the Lngli-h tongue is not only t^pokeii cnrrecily by the na- tives, biite\iii the l.-.n^^uagc s of foreigners is iiiodilied and reclaimed, ai;.! ijieir eluldrcii invariably ,-pi ak with purity. We say not this in ahsolule donbl of the wri- ters vcr.icity. nllhoiigh we think the iipparcnt fact re- lated, to be iin I \aggr ration of liiiih. One ohjeet in inietfing tlicm is tu induce a coiaparitfon belwcou iho state of tho respective places to which they relate, fifty years ago, and their condition at the present day. "IlAMiAs,Juno',»'th, i:f?.- ficarcst, dearest Mother — I got here three days ago, af : ,' a passage of twenty -eight days, one of the quick- est almost ever known. AVe had a fiiir wind every hour of the way ; depi nd on it, dearest nioliicr, I will not miss an opportunity ofwrillii;^ to you. I can give you no account oflhe (S, iintry yet. or the people. By what I hear, they are all Iri^h, at h'ast in this town; the brogue is not in higher perfeetioii in Kil- keuny. I think 1 hear and see Tiiamis iu every comer of the street. 1 am lod:,'eilat a .Mr. C'orncliiisO'ljj-icn'B, who claiin<'j relationship ; and I accept the relationship , and his horse, for thirty niiles ii]! the country. I setout to-day. Sly rcghnent is at f't..lohnV>i"ew-Drun6.vick, till' distance is a hundred and twenty miles from here to.'nnapolis, — and at AiiiiDpnIls yon embark across tho Bay of Fundy to St. John's, which ij opposite, at tho mouth of tho river of tl)i> same name. This is tho common route ; but to avoid the Bay ol" Fundy (which is a very disagreeable navigation, and where one some- times hoppeus to be a fortnight out,) I go another road, which takes mo round the bay. It '.■ longer, and rery bad, but by all accounts xery wild ...nd beautiful. I shall cross rivers and lakes of \\ liicli one has no idea in England. I go down one river called .Shnhetiiiaca'Iee for thirty miles, which they tell me \i to full of fisli that you can kill them with sti'I.i. 'J'hey s;.y the banks of it aro beautiful -nil of the liuestwood aiid pasture, but quitn iu a state of nature, liy all I iici.r, this will boa journey after my own heart. 1 long to hear from you. I hope my journey wn'll do n," good : one lluii;r I am glad to .'iiul is, thiit I am lil.ely tohave asi'parate com-, luaiid, which will give me a good ileal to do. Good b) e again. God hless you a thousand litiirs. Veins, iVe. his always int. resting to read a slr«n§er'f! writings of onr own county ; but how jilentlng aro tho graphic '■ di'liiicatioriK of tjir Edward in the folh. wing letter. Ili». I all'ecling picture of the ipiief ami siuipiicily ol' asunl- | nier e\ening lathe wends, villi the pattlarcl.al couple I in the roieground, nfildnon ly (;^.di avMirlii;; to ailuu- I iiIm, r to hU physiral.wai;t.sj^f.l.i appan inly iiiscnsihlo relicciion-i ni'oii the tiiufiliilliy of bun;;. n tilings and till' cxhiliialiiig dosttftf )ilj ktlef, combine to prodnce — cliar,ii— whichislieightcuedbythenaturak'loijiieHC- of hi:; i-;yle. Ft. John's, New-Brunswick, Ji'Iy l?ih. My (le-irest Jlothcr — lien.' I ain, lifter a very loug and lailgulrig journey. 1 luid no idea of v hat It was, it v;::< nuirc like a riimpalgn than any tlung else, e.\rcpt I in one material point, that of having no (Linger, i j fhoiild have enjoyed it most eomj'lctely but lor the iiiiis(|mtoe>', but till y lookoli'a great deal cfmy pleasure, j the mHlions of tin in are dreadful, ""t luid not been ^ for this inconvenience, my joiiini'v ..oul . Iiave been j delightful. Tho Country is almost ..i' in a f-t.ili' of na- ture, as wiJI as its inliahitants. There lire four sorts of tliesi". ihe Iinliaii.'-, the Frt n-li, the old I!::gilsh tet- , tiers, and now the Refugees, from llicf other parts of I America : the latt scei.: thu most ci\ ilized a H J*- ; * ,'t;. V. . • * ■^' ^ '! ' / it , , \f '■;■?**■ ^. ■vishing fiir power, .s.c. &c.— My dearest mother, if it was not for you, I believe I never should go homo, at least I tiiought so at that moment. However, liere 1 am now witii my regiment, up at fci.\ in the morning ddlnff "" '' ' of right tlilnua, "na liking It very much, dctei logo 12 THE JOURNAL. OCTOBBB home next spring, and live with you a great deal. Employment keeps up my spirits, and I shall have more every day. 1 own I often think how happy I oould be witn G * • in some of the spcia I see ; and envi without on the watch. The Czar struck Cathe- 1 rine a blow with his cane, and witliout speaking a word he repaired to the apartment of Prince Repnin, ajsuring him ihathe would make a pub- 1 lie example of the Empress. Dissuaded from this, | ho sentenced Mons lo lose his head, and senJing I his sister to Siberiit, when she had received the ' punishment of the knout, he conveyed Caiheriue, after Uk' execution of the chamberlain, in an open I carriage under the gibbet to which his liead was ■ nailed. Without any diaiigeof countenance Bhe j •«id,"Piijrq,, .niici, corruption should be found amongst courtiers." | When Catherine succeeded to the Empire, aAer the death of Peter, she enjoyed the good-will of her people by her mild and gracious conduct to- wards them. She reduced the capitation tax, re- moved the gibbets from the public places, and had the criminals interred who remained unburied. She recalled the exiled from Siberia, and paid all the arrears due to the troops ; but averse to busi- ness she abandoned herself to pleasure ; she drank immoderately of Tokay wine, of which she was extremely foud ; this aggravated a canser and a dropsy, with which she was afflicted, and took her off in the thirty-ninth year of her age. She was unable to read or write ; and her daughter was always obliged to sign her name to all dec- patches. Sensible, good tempered, and ever wil- ling to oblige, Catherine never forgot a benefit. She had been before her marriage protected in the family of Cluck; and whenWurmb, who had been tutor to Gluck's children, presented himself before her, after her exaltation, she said, "What, thou good man, art thou alive still.' I will pro- vide for thee ;" and she gave him a handsome pension. Gluck had died a prisoner at Moscow: Catherine pensioned his widow, made his son a page, portioned his two eldest daughters, and ap- pointed the youngest to be her maid of honour. „ THE I^ARRIAGE VOW. Perhaps there is scaftely an ordinary oath admi- nistered in any of the transactions of liib so little regarded— £0 little even remembered by all classes, as that taken in the most solemn manner, and in the presence of the Almioiitv, by the husband and wife — " Love, honour, and obey."— How many wives " love, honour, and obey" their lord»i' How many even think of doing so? and yet there is an oath recorded against them, every simple violation of which is distinct perjury. No woman should marry withuul first knowing her husband's character so well thai she may obey him with discretion and safety. She yields her.'-elf at the alter to his disposition, from which even an at- tempt to fly, is a crime. A wife who contradijCta her husband is forsworn. No matter what man- ner of man he be, she must " obey," if she kecpa her oath. She Las made no reserve on condition at the marriage ceremony. She has not said " I will honour and obey, ifhe shall deserve u,'' Her contract is unconditional. It would be better for young ladies before they yield the I'alal "yes," to take this view of thesuhjcct. They have a duty to perform to their husband, whether he be l<.'"d or unreasonable: and they must ren"'«^ber the poet's words — "W"' '• "" stri'>3, Tu tiip dark home and ilia dctciitcd wifo," ^•■si**- fi. f ■^m-. October. THE JOURNAL. 13 P> v.. ESSAY ON ELOCUTION. Head before the " St. John Young Men's Debatiogr Society," ,At a iBto private meeting, by Mr. V. H. Nelson. [Tlie taate nlrenfy prominent in this Society for that useful braucli of popuiar education— /'«i{i'c Lectures, is increasing; and, however laudabie humility may be, wc trust that very fenr of its members will hold their abilities too far below mediocrity to make an attempt to be useful in this range of action. It is only by turning the attention wholly to the study of one sub- ject at a time that the mind can acquire proficiency in any ; and it is an easy matter for any person of ordinary understandiug, while so studying, to m»l(o such notes of the most important features of his subject, as may unt only always present it to his own memory in one comprehensive view, but lil lixed, selfevident, ' manv rules and exercises which exeiii))lil\ the princi- aud universally inti'lligible; and it h.is ar cordinply i jiles ofelomition. The Ibregoing are what 1 consider- been impressed liy the unerring bawd of nature on the td most useful; and I do noi wish to sucritice your at human framv. Therefore, all tlie aliections and emo- teiilioii by being prcdix. Some nmri' eaj.able member lions belonging to man in his animal state, are- so dis- ; may at a luliire period enlarge and improve upon tiie tinctly rharac:(ri.«'!d by certain marks, that thoy can- 1 observations I have submitted; but, before c, including, not be mistaken; and this language c.irrii-s witii it the I beg to ri'Mark, that as this is the first essay I haviM'Ver stamp of it.s.Muiigiity Artllic.r — utterly unlike the jioor attempted, I shall expi'ct your indulgetu" for .iiiy inac- workmansMp of imperiV^ct man: it is not only under- curacies it may (ontain. AhiKi.-l a straii;;er tothesci- stoud by all tlie liiitVrcnl nations of the world, witlioul ence of whicii ii treats, having very little leisure to slu- pains or study, hut also excites siniilnr einulions in all In ronrluiiioi). the better tu ciiublo you to retii:n in memory the Bubstnnce ol" what I have advanced, I will read a compression of the whole into a few Rl'LES AND HINTS. I. Always vviion you read or speak, preserve an erect altitude. -. Keep your throat and nostrils clear. ;!. Let the ^pivilicr oltuu habituate himself to breathe Fololy through his nostrils by I'liftttinj;; his mouth: this practice will widen the cavity, and strengthen the na- sal muscles. '1. Often read aloud in the fields, where the air is open and fresh. f). Acquir'! a roundness and openness of speech. li. Never run your-JeH'out of breath, nor appear to be fatigued : breathe uhnost imperceptibly, without pulling'. ". Always cnler into the siilrit of the subject, .-ind make your expression as nearly »s possible conospond with your sjieerli : tiiis <;enerally en;);ages the attention ofyour hearers, and meets with universal applause. 8. I.i.'t your pvoiiuiieiatinn be li,)!d and forcible. y. I,et your articul.itiou be distinct and deliberate. 10. Pronounce your words with propriety and ele- pance. II. To every .significant word of more than one syl- lable apply its projjer accent. J"2. Accompany the ciuotiona and pafsiona which your words express, by correspondiujj tone.'-, looks, an(' jjesturi's ; but never " overstep the modesty of na- ture." economy about him that promised an unusual length of days both to himself and to his ward- robe. T 1 1 1; F r, 11 n \ m a \ ' s d a r a ii t i: k . ' A fiKH'iIAN SKKTCn. SusAN.N'.Mi Rf.isaciieu was one of lliose hardy, straittlil-forward, stroiiir-lunlt, and sober-minded chiKlren that we meet with now and then ; and at the first glance wi' assure ourselves that, be their coiuiitinn what it may, ihe^' will inevitably make the best of it, and thrive ])iogre,ssively tlirougli life, without any other distinction llian that ol" aUvays doing their duty. Su.-annah ful- ly bore ou I t be promise of her eon iitenance. She was one of ibe most diligent and orderly scholars of Sashacli school, the mo.st attentive to the du- ties of 'u ehold all'uirs, and steady beyond com- jiarison in those she owed to her old father and her elderly aunt. She was twelve years old when eh-j lirsl attracted my notice ; and her father li.nd 1>een li-rryman ofS^'bach, in the district or pa- rish of Hreisach, f)r more than double that :uim- her of year.*!. And it must be conli-ssed that old .)ohan IJelsacher bad the appearance of one wiio had been blown about by the east winds of life. lie looked nn>re worn liian his tJiread-bare gray jacket, and yet there was an air of precaution and • .Xbrid^ijed anil s'i;;litly altered from the Anirn.st No. of the •• Lady's Hook," I'hiladelphia, |r-:!7. 'I'lii' «ri- I. r i~ T. <\ (."'an.jv. I'.si|., aiuhor of " llif^hwins A Jlve-«avs." It was, within a few minutes, more or less, just four o'clock, on the 15th of Sc])tember, 18S1, ^ when 1 resolved to cross by the Sasbach ferry, j and resume my evening walk on the other side of „ the river ; for the mid-day meal had been long ^ over, and, like all eaten bread, soon forgotten. , But, on approachmg the well-known boat, I paus- j ed to observe the innocent appropriation of the | hour, on the part of my old acquaintance and his . young attendant. There stood Susannah in the nn'ddle of the boat — her feet and legs unconscious of shoes and stockings: and there sat old Johan at one end of if, indulging in all the garrulous greetings common to llie proprietors of wrinkles ^ and pray hairs, 'rhecotlee-jug, which he nt limes applied to his lips, seemed to liquidize liis ima- gination ; and, from his gestures, I could fancy him in a diluted state of feeling, altogether amia- l)le. The bread remained beside him for graver discussion. But jusi at this moment I was unfor- tunately perceived, and the meal came to an un- timely end. AVitli all the ready bustle of one who wisely and halutually considers his business as of more importance than bis ease, friend Reisacher rose from Ills seat, laid bis hand on the oar, deelaied himself really, with bis usual obstinate activity ; and, on my stepjiing into the Iioat, he proceeded tomalce bis angular frai),sif, first against the cur- rent, and then with it, with geometrical )>reri- sion ; and in five minutes we were at the ojipo- site side of the river, which moved on in a sullen swell, reiiectiiig the dark t^nd heavy autumn clouds that rolled slowly above. During those five minutes I had succeeded in tempting the ve- nerable co7inoissezir to aeeorapi.ny me to a village not <]uitebalf a league from the ferry, lijr the pur- [)ose of looking at a wood-ranger's horse, which, making liberal allowance for the errors of its edu- cation and its potato diet, was very much the sort of animal that I had a mind to |)urcliase. To ask the opinion of .lohan lleisacheron such a matter was to bind him to you for ever. But I scarcely know what uiducky prophecy, or abor- tive imprecation might have fiillowed the rejec- tion of his advice if once solicited. There was a self-o|)inionated stubbornness about him, that never liirgave a slight otiered to bis judgment. Uut 1 am dipping into his character, when it is his daughter's conduct I want to describe. "Susannah, child," said the old man, "keep tlie boat here, and wait for me, I shall be back in threi' little ha If- hours. I^et no one persuade you to cross, for the wind is raising, and the current IG THE JOUL'NAL. October. ia very strong ; and the weather seems upon the change — I feel that we shall have a squally even- ing. But I shall be with you in time to take you hopie, and excuse you from your good aunt Le- j na's scolding for staying out so long." And so saying, he drew up, coiled the rope round a tree 1 hard by, and away we went, the wcat^erseer j carefully avoiding to look up at the sky, (which : could have told any fool that bad weather was coming,) lest his atmospheric sagacity might ap- pear less profound than he meant me to believe it. Susannah took out her blue worsted stocking, and multiplied its parallelograms, comfortably , indifferent to the cold gusts that swept acrosa the valley. But after a lime, the heavy cloud which old Reisacher preferred not seeing, and the chilling wind which his daughter seemed determined not I to feel, began to burst and hiss ; and a sudden I ttop was put to my companion's vainglorious pa- negyrics on his own infallibility of judgment in matters of horse-flesh, by a loud crash of thunder. " There will be a storm," said I. " Aye, indeed there will ; but I scarcely thought it would be so bad as v/hat is coming," replied .lohan, thoughtfully, and staring full in the face of the lowering sky. " Yet the child need not get wet lor all that, unless she likes it ; for is not there the old tarpaulin and the oars, whereof she may make a covering?" I saw clearly that old Reisacher was appealing to himself, rather than tome, so I waited until his inclination prompted iiim to step out faster on our way to the woodranger's house, which we at last reached, as nearly wet through as it was possible to be. The wood-ranger was at home, but the horse was not ; and tiie storm increased, and so, at last, did the father's an.xiety about his only child. " I must go back," said he, gazing from the eminence we stood on, back towards the Uliine ; " Susannah will be frightened. I'ray look at the river, Sir, I never saw it more furious, and ne ver so suddenly aroused." " It is a fine sight to look at from this safe dis- tance," said I ; " but it has few chariDs for the poor fellows in that boat, that is tossed about so roughly." " 'Tis true for you, sir ; I doubt if it be not in great danger," observed .lohan, eyeing keenly the wave-buffeted little crall to which 1 called his attention. It was heavily laden with a large freight of fire-wood, so heavily, that even in l!ie srafMitliest weather, the gunwale would have touched the water's edge. It was in the middle of the river, endeavouring to force its way up againit the stream, by the aid of a square and tat- tered-looking sail, but every eflbrt of the men who managed it was baflled by the extreme violence of the waves, which we could plainly see wash- ing clear over it from stem to stern. " I'll just wish you good evening. Sir, and hur- ry on to the ferry: and I hope the boat may have succeeded in passing it before I arrive, for that ledge of rock just above the station is hard to pass in such a dreadful squall," said my compa- nion, with benevolent anxiety. But I was not disposed to part with him thus. The danger to which the unhappy boatmen were exposed was attraction sufficient to lead me closerto the scene ; and old Johan and I proceeded rapidly together on our way back, hurrietl silently forward by the force of mere excitement, and never losing sight of the siruggh.ig vessel, which, though it scarce made any way, was nevertheless gaining on us, as we approached the ferry in now nearly parallel line with the river. Every moment that led us nearer, showed us the increasing peril of the frail craft ; and I thought I could distinguish at times a despairing cry for aid from the two men who were imperfectly ma- naging her, and whose gestures, as she was hea- vily tossed to and fro by the angry swell, spoke a plain story of terrified helplessness. A hollow in the road made us lose sight of her for a few mi- nutes; and as we ascendi'd again, in breathless inii)atience, we caught a new view, which con- firmed our worst forebodings. The boat, either from the > udder being unbiiipped, or the man at the helm being washed down by a wave, had turned completely round, and was swept across to almost the other side of the river, by the strong side wind, and the violent eddy. Every Wave threatened to swamp it altogether; and it was drifting fast into the ledge of rocks alluded to by Reisacher, and over which there was now a foam of breakers scarcely (o be believed by any one who has not seen the Rhine in one of its angriest moods. We were now within a few hundred yards of the ferry. The cries for help were less freiiucnl, for there was to all appearance no help at hand. Four or five peasants, men and women, stood at ditlerent (Kiints on the hanks, throwing u|) their hands, and screaming unavailing advice or consolation to the poor boatmen ; and now and then the dis- mal echo of their shouts was rather ft;lt than heard, as I and my old companion run along the slippery road. In a few minutes m' c the boat drifted into an eddy most pailicularly dreaded by the old ferry- man. " It's ail over with her now: and there she goes, Kuie enough!" exclaimed Reisacher, aK .i ■■ \l 1 OrroiiKR. THE JOURNAL. 17 II 14 i h : / i \*> jjowerful wave caujrht the boat under the side, mid tiirnt'd it keel upwards. " They must he lost before we can reach (he j river," added he, catchin™ at the railing by the i roailside, overcome by agilaiion and exertion, ; while I sto])j)ed to recover my breatl\, and stared | down into tiie river from the precipitate bank, Tlie rain now swejit in sheets up the stream, and j almost hid every object upon it ; but 1 fancied I i distintjuisheci, like a jjliantom boat in the mi'jt, j old Johan's little akifi', striving to plunge through ' the waves, and rocked like a cradle by the oppos- 1 ing inlluence of the wind and tide. | "No, it cannot b;-! Yet, sir, it is, it is Susannah ! striving to steer near the wreck!" exclaimed I,! involuiilarily. The old man's eyes, dim from | age, hut tiieir vision quickened by ad'ection, were lixed, like mine, in straining scrutiny ; and when his gaze was sure of its object, he cried out in a tone of bitterest angnish — " Oh, my child! my Susannah! It is her — iti.i the boat. She will perish. Oh, save her. Hea- ven! save her!" And with incredible speed he darted away from our restiiig-jilace. I soon over- took him, and supported liim on my arm, a he tottered, panling and exhausted, to the tree a- {{ainsi which his little skill' had been erewhile I coiled. We now saw it within fd'iy yards of us on the boiling surf, and the heroic child — her young h ;art buoyant with i)ity 's life-blood — work- ings her helm-like oar with all her strength, and looking pale and stern at the rain and the waves, which drenched her through and through — at the lurious wind which had loosened her long hair, and sent it streaming around her — and at the broad lightning, whicli gave, at intervals, asuper- . natural hue to her whole person. She was, in a ! minute or two more, in the power of the formida- ble current, in whicli the half-drowned men now i clung to their capsi/ed boat, and she was nearly in as much danger as tiiey were. It was a mo- ment of actual distraction (or her father, and of indescribable awe to me. I never shall forget the eensation ofthat fearful interval ofsuspense. The grey-headed old man now gasped convul- sively ; and, wildly stretching forth his arms, be Hung himself on theenith, as if to shut out the scene ofalinost inevitable death. The des[tairing men were, with hoarse, fuint voices, hailing and cheering on the intrepid girl, and giving what snatches of instruction tlicy could utter, as to the means of approaclung them. JJut, alas! the ut- most strengh of a child, ll)rtified as it must have been, by a powerful feeling of religious coniiilence and a iiuble courage, was insullicient for so severe a struggle: and 1 had llio deep anguish of seeing the wreck, and tlic fjilornbrothciu wlio hung up- on it with a fierce yet enfeebled grasp, swept by within a dozen yards of the ferry-boat. At this moment old Reisacher started up, and he would have plunged into the merciless river, had I not forcibly held him back: but scteaming louder than the storm, his voice now reached Su- sannah, and it seemed at once to paralyze all her power and skill. She cast her looks by turns on the wretched objects slio would have saved, and on the half-maddened parent, who seemed rush- ing in a frantic eii'ort to assist her. At this crisis', Martin Buckholz, one of the bro- thers, perceiving that their combined hope of safe- ty depended entirely on the possibility of his gain- ing the ferry-boat— for his comjianion could not swim — he resolved to trust himself, inexpert, ex- hausted, and encumbered as he was, to the chan- ces of the torrent. He slipped down into the water, struck out his new nerved arms to buffet every wave, and rolling and plflnging with the fierce energy ofuespair, he little by little approach- ed the skill'. Susannah regained her presence of mind, and she laboured at her oar with renewed strength and redoubled efforts. She soon met the bold swimmer ; he grasped the prow — heaved himself up the side— caught the oar from his pre- server's hands — and though now a considerable distance from the heavy-rolling wreck, he came up with it just as his brother was fainting from exhaustion and terror, and lifted him safely into the skiff. Who can describeold Reisacher's delight, quick following his despair, as he saw the ferry-boat bounding triumphantly across the waves, with its miraculously rescued freight ; the tears, the bles- si;:;^s, the thanksgivings, the love, the pride, the gratitude— all fell down in plenteous showers up- on the head of liis child, or rose up to Heaven in fervid but silent thought. Susannali — calm, modest, and apparently un- ci mscious in themidstof all our united praise and admiration — was destined to feel the conviction that she had done a virtuous and heroic action, without knowing, at the time, its uncommon merit. The grand Dukc> of Baden, on hearing the cir- cumstance, was i)ieased to bestow a gratuity of two hundrsd florins on our little heroine, toge- ther with a medal, as a special mark of distinc- tion, bearing the inscription, " She trusted in God." She was, when I last saw her, a year af- ter the adventure, receiving the full benefit of an excellent education : for some voluntary subscrip- tions procured her many additional advantages: and she walked at the head of her village school- fellows in their daily promenades, with a step as co'vpoged, and a look as unassuming, as before the 1 i! •«i8 TIIE JOUHNAL. OcTOnBR. lit event which has given her name its local iiiimor- { A F V V. C T 1 N G V. r I S T I. V- |h tality. A ik.w dnvs l)i'lbro tlie oxorutioii ot'Itobcipiprrc, no n But since the year 1831, friend Ueisacher Imsi """"''o"'* '" I'rendi liisiory lor his heartier atron 81 lost his old sister, and given up the ferry. Uul| ''"■*' "''• ''"' !'"■'>«'"' "'" J'J«q'hi"« wbh Koized and klhe gratitude of Martin and George Buckliol., '•"'^''^■'"'''■'' '" '''^';>••'''■' «'"l'"''''«' "'''V'^^l''"'^^ " . .... , ,.,.■[ wit t'scapcd a Himdar fato, only liy tlio death ot liolies- ci does not allow him to want the comlortsofa house I . ' ... ■ , , , i ! pit'rre. a vorysliort tiinu prcviciiis to tliolioiir iii wliirli a in his old age ; and I should not ho at all surj.ris- , ,„,^ ^^„„.„^,^ ^^,^,^ ^^^ ,,„ ^^^^^j,,,, ;„,„ ,„,„„i.,„. -n,. o ed to hear at any day (lor Susannah is now se- 1 iv,ii„„.i.ig is a translation of tlio alU'ctin- Unu^r wlii.li P venteen) that the gratitude of Martin, who is I j„„.phii,p received on tho morning after M. |<'liaiiil).rs's !*K.'l
  • se attention to the ajricrultural concerns of his estate, that the father of Thaddeus Kosciusz- ko could luaiiitaiii his family in cond'ort and re- si)ectubility. Havinp; served, however, in his youth, under I'rince Adam Czartoryski, through that illustrious nobleman's friendship lie ea.nily obtaine.l a free education for his son in the Cadet Institution, which Stanislaus, then king ofl'o- iand, had a fchort time bi-lurc estabiished at AVar- siw. Ill this A.cademy, yc'Ung Thaddeus distin- guished himself liigiily hir the ardour which he evinced in the pursuit of his studies, particularly of mathematics and history. A fellow student Jias sliown this eager application in a siront; light, bv uifuiming us that Thaddeus, in oider to make Kure of rising a;i early as three o'clock, was in the habit otnii^htiy attachiiitj a dlriny; by one end to Ills arm, while the other passed out by the dour of his [Mm, and was pulled by the stove-keeper at the appointed hour in the morning, besides its ultimate consequences, this application to study was luii without its immediate reward. Kosci- us/ko was one of the youtlis, chosen by jre- iieral LAamination., who were furnished, by the bounty of Stanislaus, with the means of improv- ing themselves by tiavcl and study in foreign land:j. After spending two years at the military acade- my at Versailles, Kosciiis/ko returned to Poland, and entered the army, in which, in cjnscijuciice tif the Kind's appreciation of his merits, he speedi- ly obtained the rank of captain. A circumstance, however, soon after occurred, which drove the young soldier liir a time from the land he loved so well. In the end of the year 1777, his regiment wasipiartered in Lithuania, and he himself lodg- ed in the castle of .loiepli Soanowski. Marshal of Lithuania, and vice-;^i'neral of the crown. Kos- cius/.ko, at the monnMit, thought his situation iiioht blessed, lijr lie had (i.\ed his ailiiciions on La- dy Louisa, the daughter of this very nobleman. Abundance of opportunities now fell in his way (iu the disclosure ol'his passion, and lie was suc- cessful inexciting u reciprocal feeling in the lady's breut. With tiiu frauknesa |)cculiar lu hit huno- ruble iiuiure, Knsciuszku desired Lady Louisa to reveal every thing to nur parents ; and the consu- i|uence was, tliat tlieinoud noble and his wile re- jected with acorn tlie idea of a union with a poor soldier, and liirbade all intercourse between the lov- ers. They lijuiid means, however, to meet in se- cret, and in despair resorted to an elopement. They were pursued and overtaken at the instant when they were congratulating each other on their successful sclicmc. Koscius/ko drew his sword to defend and retain his beloved, but he was ovcrjiowercd by numliers, and left on the ground, wounded and alone, lie never lovcil a- giiin ; and the only relic which he possessed of his mistress, a white haiidkenhlefwhich she dropjii'd on being seized, never afterwards ip.iitted his bo- som, in the holiest hour of battle, by day or by night. On recovering from a three hours' swoon which succecileil to ihescence we have described, Kos- cius/ko crawled It'ebly to a neighbouring village, where one of his friends resided. This I'riend wasJ .lulian r. Nieincewicz, aflerwnrds the most cele- brafed of Poland's modern jioets, and now living; in England, a voluntary exile from his native land. With this distinguished fellow-coiintiyman, Kos- cius/ko remained for a lime in retirtmiMit till his wounds were healed, after which he resigned his commission with the King's leave, and repaired to America, to dtown his jirivate griel' in the midst of the active struggle lor freedom in which the Stales were then engaged. On presenting hiniself as a volunteer l)eli)re General Washington a conversation took place, which shows striking- ly the simple character of both of these great men. '• \Vliat do you seek iiere.'" was the brief query of the American leader. " 1 come to fight as a volunteer for American independence," said the frank and fearless Pole. NVasliinglon's next question was, " What can you do.'" " 'J'ry me," was the brief rejoinder of Kosciuszko. Me was tried, and his talents, science, and va- lour being soon appreciated, ho was made au of- licer, and afterwartls further promoted. On one occasion early in his American career, he attract- ed the notice of Lafayette, bis commander for the time, and laid the foundation of a friendship that continuetl through lili?. In many of the most intportant battles and seiges in this war, the no- ble I'ole bore a distinguished part, and won ttie entire confidence of the dibcerning Washington. The iiiliuence which Koscius/ko gained over the American voluiiteers whom he led, was boundless, and it is gratilyiiig to tiiink, that it led to the t^jiar- iiig of bloodohed. Indeed, the Polish volunteer's name ihroughout the uimy was equally associa- ted with bravery and humanity. At ouu time, by A' October. THE JOURNAL. 91 hii personal interfereiicr, he saved the lives of for- ty English soldiers who had been surprised by night, and thus he did even contrary to his supe- rior's commands. Upon the establishment of peace between Bri- tain and the States, Xociuszko returned with a high reputation to Poland, and was honored by the king with the rank of general of brigade, and ■ubsequenlly of major-general, the first being the rank he held in America. The well-intentioned but weak Stanislaus was at this time endeavouring to free Poland from the all-potent ascendancy of Russia, and on the SJ of May, 1791, brought forward a new and improved constitutional char- ter, which he swore to observe, in presence of a temporary national Assembly, which joined in the oath. Kosciuszko, who since his return had brooded in silent grief over the hateful subservi- ency of his native land to Russia, started forward eDihusiastically to support the king in his estab- lishment of a charter which tended to remove the grevious obstacle to the freedom of Poland. And great necevsi'y was tliece, for the aid of all true patriots. The Elmpress Catherine was not long in declaring her disapprobation of the change, and when the Polish magnates in her influence joined in a confederacy to overthrow the new charter, she announced hei intention of sending a body of troops immediately to their support. Di- vided internally, Poland, it may readily be con- ceived, was not in a condition to struggle against a power so great. Yet, urged by a few ardent spirits like Kosciuszko, who was named lieuten- ant-general in the emergency, the king, feeble and vacillating as he was, resolved to oppose force with force. The contest did not last long, yet, during its continuance, Kosciuszko made himself conspicu- ous in the eyes of his countrymen, by his military skill, and a degree of daring almost incredible. These qualities were exhibited in several encoun- ters with the enemy, but it was at the battle of Dubienka that they shone out pre-eminently at this period. With only four thousand men and eight pieces of cannon at his command, he Avas posted at Dubienka, to defend the passage of the Bug, a river which joins the Vistula, near War- saw, against eighteen thousand picked Russian troops, backed by forty pieces of artillery. The conduct of the Polish hero on this occasion has been compared by military judges to that ofLeo- nidas at Thermopylee. For five whole days did Kosci uszko repu lae every attempt of the R ussians, notwithstanding their great numerical superiori- ty, and the skill of a brave leader. It was only when menaced by a heavy force behind him, that the Pole gavs up the contsst ; and when he did retreat, he carried ofl' his troops in good ordar, with a lois of nine hundred men, while ofthe ene- my four thousand perished. The passage ofthe Bug overcame the constancy of Stanislaus. A week aflerwards, he renounced the new charter, and ratified by his signature the reitoration, pleading at the same time the impossibility of re- sistance. Kosciuszko, unable to remain a specta- tor of his country's degradation, resigned his com- mission, and departed once more to bury in t fo- reign country the grief that oppressed him. Admiring his brave and patriotic character, six- teen young men ofthe first families in Poland followed the exile tc Leipsic, where he received a diploma, constituting him a French Citizen, io token of esteem, from the National Assembly of France. The days of Kosciuszko were now spent in apparent quiet and privacy, but in reality he was incessantly engaged in organising a new struggle for independence, wliich his position tt Leipsic enabled him to do without suspicion ; for, in the eyes of both friends and foes, of Poles and of Russians, he was the man in whom all hopes and fears were centered. His country looked to him for counsel and guidance, and her enemies watched his movements with a jealous eye. To baffle them, he undertook a short journey to Italy, immediitely before the preparations for a new ri- sing were brought to a head. The smotherLd ferment among the Poles became almost irrepressable, when the second partition of their country by the Russians, Austrians, and Prussians, was completed on the 14th October, 1793. An accident gave partial vent to the vol- cano. The Russian envoy urged the senate, and to Stanislaus, who was left a mockery of a king, delivered a proposal, or rather command, from his mistress, that the Polish army should be reduced, and the greater part of it incorporated with Rus- sian troops. Whatever the servile senators might say to this, the Polish soldiery and people could not endure it, and rioting and incendiarism rose < to a great height in Warsaw and other places, >t which the envoy was unable to check. When i the news of this was brought to Kosciuszko, he ! saw that the hour of trial was come, and that a ' leader only was wanting to turn that fire which ' now expended itself in mischievous sallies, into the noble course of freedom. Hastily he posted to his country, and, on the night ofthe 24th March, 1794, entered Cracow, the old capital of Poland, at the head of a few friends. His arrival wassoon known, and had thedesiJed effect of raising the enthusiasm of the people in favor of his project. By an act of the nobles assembled at Cracow, he was named supreme chief of the armies of Po- land, with uoUmited power to lumiBata the mem- 92 THE JOtJIflVAL. bns of a National Council, nv«r which he was to preaiUe. On the moinini; after his arrival, he ad- (Irewc'd the peupjo, idsutd general proclamations, and btffan actively to fuUil his duty. His moni- f««toa acted like enchantment upon the nation. The din of arms remnuoded every where. Fea- sant nnd handiorsAsmnn, noble and citixen, Ims- teoed, with what arms he could procure, to fight beneath (he ban'ivr of motherland. Ladies tore ( )rTonBU. Within a monlh aHer this event, Poland was n conquered country, anil was in a short time de- prived even of the Hhadow of independence she had hitherto poHHes^ed in her king. KosciuM/ko meanwhile ivas kindly treated by his raptors*, though the t-llucts of his wound debilitated him for life. 'J'iie empresa kept him in cnntinenicnt in St. Petersburg, from whirh, nt her death in 17!'(i, he was liberated, with profetisions of eHteeni, by I ott their jewels, and sold them to supply means | the capricious Paul, who likewistu bestowed on tothe expected deliverer. Numbers of women him a considerable sum of money. To the otier« even took up arm'), and fought by the sides of of a field-Marshars rank, on condition ofenteiinp their husbands. ri; i jv i i the Kussian service, Kosciiis/ko gave a direct re- It is not our purpose to conduct the reader thro' ^ '"sal, though he was forced to congeiit not to bear all the details of the terrible struggle that ensii- arms again nffuitist Russia. The brained nnd ed. rt is sufficient tostatc, that, after several en- broken-spirited Polo ihcu set out with his friend counters in the field, Kosciuszko was made mas- Nienicewif /, to .\merica, where the Congress mid ter of VVnr-a^T, by a successful rising of the inlia- "»" ^'nt'"" "' 'afue riceiveil him with open arms, hitante, who expelled the Russians fl-oin the Besides many honours, ibry conferad on him the walls. In the capital, alternately, and iu the s'lhstuntinl benelit of the pay be hud loinierly fieklt Kosciusxko issued his decrees for (be go- vernment of the nation, and headed her armies in the field. Moderotion and wisdom marked his earned in their service. This not only cnnbletl hint to return, with respectful expressions ofara- litude, the sum received I'roin Paul, but I'ur- measuresin the council, and skill and bravery "'"'^'-'^ "» ''"I''"'' «"'"• the interest of which s.mv - distinguished his course inarms. But noble as ed to maintain him through life. Before leaving his cause was, and though all he asked was just , America.Kosriuszko showed that misn.riii.ieshud and free government, success was not destined to "•"^"""^^J his nature, by leaving in .Klli-rson's attend his exertions and those of his brave com- '"'"'^'^ " considerable sum, to be employed alter a rades. The particulars of the final scene are tim--- lor the purposesof e.lur.utionand of porti.ni- deeply interesting. After the Poles in other quar- '"» *'"'"' S'^'"- '^"'"'' *""" ^^"« **" ^v^'" """'"ai^'J. ters were overthrown, Kosciuszko, with 20,000 '''»' it amounted to lifteen thousand dolhuH, aner men, crossed the Vistula to meet the Russians ! s^^*-''*' y*'"" '""' '^^'"J"*''^- under Suwarrow and Fersen, in the latter end of ' After bis return to Kurope, Kosri«is/k", in September, 1794. " If any mon wishes to go 1798, took up his abode in France. His Military home," said the Polish leader to his men, " let career was now terminated, by his oath to Paul, him stand forth, and I pledge my word that he and his life lienceflirward was one continued ex- shall go in peace." No answer pillowed. The hilj't'"" *•'' t^"-' pt'acefui virtues. The French question was repeated more emphatically, when characteristically made the Polish hero's visit to unanimous cries burst forth, " With thee, brave ' theircountry the subject of fetes and acclamations; chief, wo will fight to death with thee!" Anarmy but though he loved the society ofdistinijuished animated with such a feelinsr was not to l)e easily ! men in private, he shrunk from 8[)ei!tarles and overcome, even by double numbers. The con- ' assemblies, after avoiding the charire ofchnrlish- test was indeed one of " the bloodiest pictures in ' ness by attending one hancjiiet in his honour. At the book of time." KosciuiKko, in the course of > this, while others spoke with ostentatious leeling the day, had three horses shot under him, and of his country, Koscius/ko only wept. It whs in was once prostrated by a wound in the shoulder. Paris that he formed an intimacy witii the family His friend Niemcewicz assisted him to a fresh i of M. Zeltner, the Swiss envoy, with whom he horse, but his fall had disordered the Poles, and soon after took up his residence. This friendship they were driven back. Hurrying to recover lasted through life. Bonaparte, when First (Sou- thern, the chiePs horse fell in leaping a ditch, and ■ sul, attempted to engage the exile in the French CoesBcks and carabineers were instantly upon service ; but his sword hod been drawn only (or him. Dyone enemy ho was wounded in the | free interrupt his quiet. On the occasion of the French troojis occupying Rome in the end 11 ••^ ' n ..>»ft.-j>-^mejXi;n»iiflM r.» • OCTOnEK. of tlie I'iglitoenth Cfiiliiiy, thi; Itoinan ( had beitowed on the Polish legion the sword of John Sobiegjii. This the Poles transmitted to Kosciuszko, as the worthiest to posses it. A less pleasing event, during the |)eriod mentioned, was the use made of lite exile's name by Napoleon, in attracting to his cause the Polish nation. Kos- ciuszko iiad indeed been pressed lor his support, hut had lirinly refused it, because the Emperor would not secure thu independence or gooj| have witnoHak'l 'he facts. TooctDua (tho nativo name of our subject) is yet a curiosity — although now divested of hii native ga.-b. and arrayed in the common habiliments of the country upon which fortune has tranniontly thrown him. Tht- colour and lineaments of his countenance, his man- ners, and oBpeciully his tattooed fucu, are Hul&cient to command some attention, and excite enquiry, lln ik apparently very muscular, and possessed of great strength, is about 5 feet 10 incbtis iu height, and his limbs are well proportioned. His complexion is a me- dium between tho North American Indian and the .\tVi can negro, and bij features in many points partake of a similar resemblance — his face being broud, note ru- By an invitation at this period, the Polish pa- "'" ""'• '='""''' ^""" P"-°"'"«'"' "'»""' extremely triot visited the Emperor Alexander at Paris, and "'*''''• ""^ ^^' Biro,.g black hair .lightly incbning to the received from hiii? many promises of good to Po. land. With the same monarch he hud another interview at Vienna, in 1815, whither ho went in pursuance of a request for hia intercession with the Congress froni tne magnates of Poland. The result was again— promises. After tl."s periad, Konciuszko made a tour through Italy, and .'inally settled for life in the family of a brother of M. Zeltner. He never mingled with the world again, though many Poles visited hiin with the devotion of piljjrims. All his life from this lime was spent in visiting and relieving the poor — acts which he kept secret even from the family circle. In the Hpring of 1 S17, by a public deed, he freed the i)ea- santson his patrimonial estate from bondage, and aUiut the same time had the pleasure of a visit from the lady of his only love, now Princess Lu- homirska. Her society gave him pleasure un- speakable, and they parted with the promise of meeting again the following spring. Alas! on the 1 5ih ol" October of the same year, Kosciuszko breathed his last. His body was buried in Switzerland, but it was raised in 18^0, and ;nvcyed to Poland. An im- mense mound, at which almost every inhabitant uf the nation, male and female, assisted to work, was raised at Warsaw to liis memory. Thus fell KoscuijiKko ; exhibiting a thrilling picture of " A brave man, struggling in the storms of fate, "" .\nd greatly falling with his faUing state." curly ntitnro of the African's. His eyes seem peculiar,! being very large and prominent; lo that upon the leait| agitation of minnquered — chi«f of an extensive tribe of Indian:* I in the rear of the Southern States, since driven far| back into the American forest. The Newzeal.andcrs in general difler from the .. description in minor particulars, which will be noticed | in '"• nuccoediny^ remarks. The custom of cutting cnrvo-lines in the skin of the I face — or tattooing, as it is called — is practised in order to preserve an account of the battles in which they en- gage, and to invest each individual widi the privileges attendant upon the services tluis performed to his tribe. Tho figures are cut with a sharp piece of bone ; and every battle in which a native is an actor entitles him to the infliction of a certain number, ns honorable scars : which, by tho way, is a very conspicuous as well as an almost certain method of transmitting his glories to last- ing remembrance. Toootena's nose, upper h'p, and left cheek only are tattooed. Tho Newzcalanders are divided into various tribes; and cherish a system ofal- _z:^ i24 1"- THE JOURNAL. October. u .moat continual warfare. Their principle hostile im- jpleraent is the war-club, formed of a flat piece of hard I tand heavy wood, about iix feet in length, by sharpen- I'ing both edges, like a common boat oar, with a knob at thu smalV end to lecure the grasp. They also use the ^tomahawk, '^hich they obtain by giving provisions in 'exchangt, from the vessels which go thither; the han- 'dle they attach to it is six feet long. Many of them Ihave guns and good supplies of ammunition, likewise •procured of the whalers who visit the Islands. Nor are lihey, it appears, destitute of dexterity in the use of (them ; for Tooetena, though not above 22 years of age, I and the hero of but two or three figlits, has the marks i of four musket balls in his body — one across his neck, i one on his shoulder, and two in his thigh : his escape mu" have been pruvidential. Ah usual among savages, tl: 3 prisoners taken by either parly in battle, are made perpetual slaves ; and the victors will sell tlie vanquish- 1 ed — par; or parcel — to white men. Tooetena was in disconsolate slavery previous to his embarkation on ooard the "James Stewart." He swam to the ship, while moored off »he Is'ind where he was in bondage, and choose rather to labour for strangers, and face a lung and tedious voyage, than remain captive in an enemy's power, although at no great distance from his own tribe. He is now very industrious, refuses to take stroi.:! liquor, and can interrogate and answer with '^ ease, having acquired considerable fluency in the En- />' '.1 language, since his departure from the Island, a year since. The Newzeaknders ate fond of smoking, and when not thus employed, tlieir pipes are thrust ii;lo ; boles bored in their ears, where they dangle in ns hup- 1 py style as a huge drop in the earring of a dashing \J. \ lege belle. So remarkable indeed is their partiality for I the use of tobacco, that even tlicir very ciiildren smoke i and ci.ew it. Their dress consists of a coarse matting mantle in cool weather : cr, in the . ppreesive heat of ' iummer, a very slight garment round the loins — some- titries not even that.. { New Zealand wus discovered by the Dutch iu 1642 ; I when the nations were very letooious and cruel — kil- ling all who attempted to laud. Subsequent casual iu- tercou.-te, aud the visits of missionaries from F^ngland, have dilTxsed but a very slighttint of civilization among them, for they are yet cannibals! Our iuforuiant ■lates mat they eat with avidity the flesh of their ene- mies when killed in buttle ; either raw or roasted. As an instance of their unmitigated savagfuoss, he relates, that on returning, while there, from an excursion in the woods, ho gave two small liirds he had shot to a boy wix or seven years oh', who immediately devoured every particle oftliem!! They never, hiiwever, show any de- sire tu practice tlicir cannibalian propensities upon wbitn men. But, although the Newzealandcrs unhesitatingly sus- tain warfare and troubles, and rejoice in horrible ecs- tacy over the woes of their enemies, tliey invariably exhibit towards their friends the strongest feelings of attachment. This assertion is fully cottfirmed by the following individual instance: Un tlie return of the " Ja^nss Stewart," she touched at the uurtiiern extre- ,•! — he is deposited therein, with his man- tle, gun war- ab, tomahawk, and whatever other ar- ticles h'^ wuj possessed of while living. The recep- tacle of ileal!' is then enclosed with stakes drove into the groiiuil and .ainted red : th'^se are marks of enclo- sure, within the precincts of which he who dares to tres- pass, pays his life in forfeiture, by the unanimous ac- clamation of the tribe. These are the ceremonies per- formed over the lody of a free native ; but when an nidiappy slave yields his existence, he is (if not imme- diately disposed of to white men) thrown on a pile of combustibles and burnt to iislies. English ships which loud; at the islands oHun purclia.9e the head or oilier partsof a sUvc'sbody, toexliibit upon their return home as a curiosity. In this case the 'i.tives alw.-tyt. embalm the portion in such a manner as effectually to preserve it. They ol\en in emergency lead their slaves to battle : who, from terror, are forced to be as serviceable as thei' friendly warrioiii. One fact is mentioned, which is in truth not very cre- ditable to those who visit them, namely — that in com- paring the habits and morals of those who have inter- course with ci/ilized mankind and among whom Mis- sionaries reside, witlitliose who nro more secluded, it is found that tlie latter are more honest than tho fore er. Those who rre addicted to pilfering, alwpyr vrear '.neii J t 4 i ■,' '; / October. THE JOURNAL. 26 I mantles ; and standing over tlic object they wish to pos- ies, they stoop down und pick it up within, generally making off with it unmolested. They never cut any thing with the knives they may happen to get by barter from the vessels visiting the Is- lands. The only use made oFthem is in playing a game common among English boys, called " Jack-knife ;" at which they are very daxterous. Tlie implements they out with are nrade of hard stone and bone ; and the jaw of a Shark, after sharpening the teeth, answers them very well for a saw. TImIr only mean? of navig.ition is thecano3 — a large log hollowed out with a stone adze ; which proccsH tlisv perform with great dispatch. When embarking upon a hostile expedition, tlieso canoes are fastened together two and two ; and they are large enough to render each pair capable of containing five hundred men. Tlic bow of their canoe is very high, (ten feet,) surmonnted by a ligure-head, — the representa- tion of a native, and geni.'rally tattoo.id all ove-, with the tongue invariably hanging out of the moutb. In the Bternof ths caiioj is fixed an upright stall' — this statf supports the Chief or Couuuauder, vvlii) i.s the only in- dividual on board permitted to stand, when the canoes are moving forward. It is his place to watch and direct 'ho movements oftho canoe, while his men sit with their heads'Wown — each intiMit upon tlia effects of lii.s own paddle only ; wliile all obey, with great promptitude and silent and singular precision, the commands of their Chief. Theit ardent fondness for battle, may be attributed to the influence of thoir women. Trnly does Mr. McKen- zie remark, that " Free or subjiipatt^ they reigi:;" They exercise their power in cvt;ry country, and un- controlled sway over tlm lives of the NewzealanOter.' Thoir youths are scarcely looked upon by. ?'« young women, unless they are tattooed ; nnil this is Hjir'ivilege conferred upon those alone, wiin liav • perftTrilied feUtS of daring valour in the battles of thoir tratti,-> ,',.,." Kone tlicro fur liiiii mav w.t p. Thou glorious sea ! — onre more — once more ( float upon thy tidi': — Once more my heart with jo_, du'.li thrill, A.s o'er thy waves I glide! - ' Thv stiriinj; moan mv rars doth fill ; I see again thy foam ; And as our ship goes plunging en I feel myself at home ! Farewell, thou hind I — a eharpe ihou hu«t A motiiL'r'.s form — thou I'.artU ! „ Until the gri'Hl Arcliansi Is Iriinip i' Shall liul tl»c di'ad sprii.g forth I (.. My heart in (ret — my home away - ,.-. I'jiou the vauliinfr ". ave ; , . •• 'Tis llien.' 1 liojie tu tied a home — . ' Arnl there lo fiiiil » graN e ! e •. . . ,> BOAT SON (J. Mr.nniT.v lads, now ply your blades, Yon waiiiilig sun isli^w • Hciirlily I'lill. the 1v. il-gbl shhdui Are i'liirkt:iiiii;< «:< we row. Sturdily dash tlie dilp|tiiig oar, ,^ ni'inullilli'' >i! 1 liiii; tidr ; Pull, hKl»i |Mill, "till to till' fhore, '; i"' t)ur liiirv bsrk'lutli (.dide. Kww murk how o er the limpid waves, SIk' i*|m'(iI.-: her f.Ml!;iiii \\:i\ ; Til" i,'iir."liM.!r. foriieinc watrr lnv?<-- llei boiiiirtinB pi'o^^ wiviiapni). fvii ttof fchuutjovoush' vui'\e guiiHil 111" shoru, T Htu ta I niy lads, our task is o'er. !l: i' \ ■■■' -:. j; f •■ ■■ tt 'Ai *• . . : f ."t "< . 1 ''■ •">."•' ; . ■fiu-fi ;■ 1 > J r-^T""^'^ '1 J i ^ . y i ^1 •ii '.[ ( y ; ' i- K. ■'