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Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmis A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 A partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ntcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 [ C A N A D A BttUOill^Lt NATIONALE TRUTHS RESURRECTIONS. A MEMORIAL OF EASTER. 1865. BV THE REV. DR. SCADDING. Toronto : Roixo & Adam, 1865. TORONTO : REPRINTED BY THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED, 67 & 69 Coi.BORNE Street. 1S9S. 6v qa 5 3 c, Q^ TO WILLIAM SHELTON, D.D., RECTOR OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, BUFFALO, THIS SMALL WORK IS INSCRIBED, IN TOKEN OF 05 D FRIENDSHIP AND UNABATED AFFECTION > AND AS AN ENDURING WELCOME-HOME, AFTER HIS VISIT TO THE HOLY PLACES OF THE EAST. i I PREFACE. The little tractate which I here present to the reader, originated m two public discourses; one. a Lenten lecture in the Cathedral Church of St James, and the other an Easter Address to the congregation of my own Church, ..The Holy Trinity." Toronto. Having, from circumstances beyond my con- trol, an extra amount of leisure this summer. I have devoted some of U to the re-arranging of the matter contained in these discourses, and the brmgmg of U into the shape in which it here appears. Little is being don. locally amongst us so far as I am aware, to counteract the destructive theories, m regard to received beliefs, which at the present moment are so rife, and wh.ch come inevitably before the notice of young and old, learned and unlearned The effect of the thoughts embodied in the following pages will be. U is hoped, with those who may happen to peruse them, to render in some degree harm- less the perilous speculations referred to. H. S. Delatre Lodge, Niagara-on-the-Lake. June, 1865. The brief record of "Truth's Resurrections." made by me in ^865, havmg become out of print, I reproduce it for the sake of friends and collectors. The date of the reprint, it will be observed, is 1898. a date which .n future tunes will be readily recalled as being that of the year when Queen Victoria entered on the eighth decade of her life and the seventh of her reign ; as the year . when the remains of Gladstone, the statesman, after lying in state for two days at Westminster Hall, were solemnly entombed in Westminster Abbey to be followed in due time by a monument also at the public expense ; as the year when the United States boldly attempted to relieve Spain by force of arms of its troublesome dependency Cuba-incidents, all of them, having an itnportant bearing on the advancement of civilisation and the general ascendency of Truth. H. S. 6 Trinity Square, June, iSr.a. ANALYSIS. >I I'KK-CHRISTIAN I'ERiOD.-i . Of Divine Interpositions, Immediate and Mediate. ■ 2. Such Interpositions Asserted to Have Happened. 3- Such Interpositions Not Impr<,hable. 4- Primary Religious Truths Likely to he Kevea^d. c Primeval Truth Soon .Suffers Krom Accretion and Incrustation 6. Ob- scuration Inseparable From the Farly Processes of Oral and NN ritten Tradition. 7. Religious Truths, in an Obscured Condition, Conveyed Eastward, Sout'iward, and Westward. 8. Only One Trustworthy Collec^ o of Early Written Records. 9- Some Attempts to Regain Lost Iruth Among «n-Sernitic Races. .O. Of Messengers ^^ ^^'^^^ J"^'"'^ Human. II. Why Such Missions Are, and Yet Should Not He, D.s. credited. 12. Agencies in Nature, Usually Invisible, Sometimes Hecome Visible. 13. Universal Witness Borne to the Fact of Such Missions. II CHRISTIAN Pkr.od. - .. Reasserliou and Amplification of Primeval ■ Religious Truth. 2. The Opening of This Period a New Coirmienc.ng Point. 3. The Time Proper for a Re-beginning. 4. M^" ^ ^^"''^Vm sponsibility Increased. 5- The Plan Pursued Intrinsically C red. We 6 The Execution of the Plan an Historic Fact. 7- Summaries of Ma te.s Taught at This Period Historically Preserved. 8. These Summaries Like the ^>rimeval Deposit, Suffer From Accretions. 9- Jo.nt Ffforts to Ke- move Accretions. .0. The Witness of Individuals. ... N .cissitudes of the Renewed Deposit Since the Division Into East and West 12 l-flect of Tridentine Decrees in (German Empire. .3. Intluence o the Society of Loyola Until Its Abolition. .4. FtTect of the Re-cstabhshment of the Society of Loyola. .5. ''he Tolerance of Free (;overnments Adroitly Made Use of. .6. Under This .Egis, Strong Instuut.oiis for the Perpetuation of Corrupted Truth are Set Up. .7- And the Dogmas of Corrupted Truth are Steadily Urged. .8. Written and Printed Scnptu e, HowJver, a Standing Test. .9. Written and Printed Scripture Earnc^y Studied in the Present Age. 20. Mistakes in Iheology Discovered. Unity Thereby Promoted. 2.. Unity on all Hands Increasingly l^esired. 22^ Reunion Suggested by Coincidences in .865; (.) in ^^^^^-" 7, ^;^^ g^;' West. 23. (2) In Relation to Christian and Jew. 24. Oood H.day, .865. Further Remarkable. 25. Conclusion. TRUTH'S RESURRECTIONS. I. PRE-CHRISTIAN PERIOD. I. Of Divine Interpositions, Immediate and AJediate. That God, being Almighty, may act on nny occasion, directly, without the intervention of an inferior agent or second cause, v < nust all feel to be a necessary truth. Also, that He should, when He so willeth, a ' Mirough inferior agents, and by the means of second causes, is likewise in pes feot harmony with our human reason. The human mind reflects tb^ Divine, albeit on h scale immeasurably small, just because it is an emanation from the Divine mind ; jnst because it was originally a miniature image of tlie Divine mird. Hence iuiia:ri polity, as it has been every- where developed, is a shadow, also on an imneasurably small scale, of the Divine. In all large schemes of government on earth, the .Supreme power can, at any instant, if it be expedient and needful so to do, ace directly ; can cau.ic ils imme- diate self to be felt, in a very brief sp.ace of time. Lut ordinarily, it is through officials, througli inferior instruments operating under express and well-understood authority, that the will t)f the .Supreme power is accomplished. 2. Such Interpositions Asserted to Have Happened, The books of the Old and New Testaments contain announcements of two special Di'dne interpositions, immediate and direct, each followed by interventions not immediate, but conducted by ministers, natural and supernatural. The first immediate Divine act, after the Creation, was to impart to the race of man a system of religious truth, of religious faith and worship, adapted to it in .ts infancy and youth. The second special and marked, immediate Divine act, was to impart to the human race a system of religious truth and worship, adapted to it in a condition more advanced, more mature — a systeui of belief and worship that should suffice for it in the highest degree of advancement of which it is capable. After each of the marked special Divine acts, there are announcements of secondary, ministerial workings, by inferior instruments and through mediate causes, generally for the purpose of keeping alive a knowledge of the system of religious truth, the imparting of which was the object of the greater, the immediate and direct Divine acts. These two sets of Divin ; acts, mefliate and immediate, make up the subject- matter of the Old and New 'I estaments respectively. 1 truth's resurrections. 3. Such Interpositions Not Improbable. When we realize to ourselves, calmly, a Creator-God — supreme — existing above— apart from — exterior to — the mighty aggregate of the products of His own will, we cannot, on the principles of thought and belief which govern us in our ordinary affairs, have difficulty in believing, in cordially accepting, announcements of interpositions on His part, as well by Himself personally, as by His agents instrumentally, in the affairs of this or any other province of His august, universal empire. If, to meet a want in beings whom He had Himself constituted to feel the want. He should in some way make known t^ them truths in regard to Himself, to His essence — to His own designs and purposes in relation to them, which, out of their own consciousness, and through experience, they could never by any possi- bility acquire, — it seems to be in every way consonant with the promptings of right reason within us, to welcome whatever indications, whatever proofs, of the fact may be presented. If even, in order to make His will more fully known to beings composed of a spiritual and corporeal nature, He should at some time, in some ineffable way, assume for a period the flesh and form of man, and convey in human language to the human reason some of the decrees of His own Divine Reason, it surely is a proceeding not inconceivable by our minds, especially also, should it be done gently, unexcitingly, — in a manner to leave reasonable man still accountable, still with the choice of hearing or forbearing. Nay further : if in the execution of His mission of good-will and in infinite condescension to the human race, it should prove to have been His pleasure or His determination, for the better accomplishment of His purpose, to permit the opposition of unconscious men to His will as the supreme KeasoJi, to proceed so far as to occasion the violent destruction of the perishable human form which for the object in view he had assumed — should even this happen — although it is what our imagination perhaps, all the preceding circumstances of the case being consid- ered, could scarcely have conceived, — yet it is not such an event as that we must discredit it, knowing as we do how many merely human victims have fallen in struggles for truth and righteousness, according to the testimony of ordinary history. And again : when we bear in mind — when we calmly realize — Who it was that thus so wonderfully wrought in the aiffairs of men — Who it was that thus per- mitted the blinded will of man to work itself out to such an extreme — we are not to deem it a thing incredible— but rather a thing readily to be believed, — that a restoration to the earthly life should take place — a visible, manifest restoration for a certain time, — for the two-fold purpose of jiroving to all future ages, first, that a manifest lighting down of the Divine arm — an incarnation of God here visibly on earth — had taken place ; and, secondly, that it was possible, physically and morally, for a human organization, inhabited by a spirit allied to the Divine spirit, to rise to life again, after that cessation of activity which mortals call death, TRUTH u RBSURRECT10H8. 4. Primary Religious Truths Likely to be Revealed. It seems a thing in harmony with our reason to believe that, at the beginning, there was supernaturally committed to the first human beings a deposit of Truth, pure and simple, in regard to their origin ; their relation to — their consequent duty to — God their Father ; their relation to, and consequent duty to, all things, animate and inanimate, around them. Without doubt, — of this primeval deposit we have repetitions in such declarations as — "The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long suffering and abundant in goodness and truth ; keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity, transgression and sin, and that will by no means spare the guilty ; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children unto the third and to the fourth generation ; " in the Mosaic sacrifices; in the Decalogue itself; and in the "Promise" more and more distinctly renewed from time to time in after ages. Such communications of Truth from without would seem to have been needed, because, as was said before, neither the suggestions of human consciousness nor the teachings of experience could lead to certain conclusions on such subjects {}). Such a deposit of Truth, supernaturally committed to the first human beings, would be a sacred trust, the faithful keeping of which, in theory and practice, would be a discipline, a means of mental and spiritual and even bodily training, such as none of the kinds of knowledge to be gained by experience could afford. 5. Primeval Truth Soon Suffers from Accretion and Incrustation, But among the many wrong tendencies to which man's nature shows itself to be subject, there is one having a special bearing on this primeval deposit which was very early developed — which has continued to be developed, generation after generation, from the time of the first human beings unto this day. The tendency referred to is the one which induces them to overlay pure and simple Truth, — to overwhelm it with words, to dir-sipate the attention of the earnest spirit of man amongst a multitude of terms under which the deposited Truth is sought to be expressed or guarded. For defence, as they have supposed, — for illustration, for proper honour and reverence, men speedily built up, upon and around the original deposit committed to them, walls reaching unto heaven — towers— pyramids — which in the end proved sepulchres, beneath which Truth was buried out of sight. Kad there been no subsequent, special Providential acts, immediate or mediate, — had there nexer been despatched from heaven messengers, visible or invisible, to shake the earth from time to time, and remove from Truth the ponderous weights under which it was well-nigh crushed, men would utterly have lost the boon which was their most important possession. The rising again from the tomb of Him who came to bear witness to the Truth, and who Himself was the Truth— the Impersonation — the Oracle— of Truth — was a type ( f that which, in minor degree, again and again hapjiened to the primeval deposit, % TRUTH S RESURRECTIONS. 6. Obscuration Inseparable From the Early Processes of Oral and Written Tradition. As long as the knowledge of God, and the moral law resulting therefrom, ■were preserved by oral tradition only, — handed on from one to another by word of mouth, — the likeIihoo bringing together into greater unity of sentiment the clergy of the ancient historic Church and the more enlightened ministers of the Christian i)0(lies that exist apart from it. At the same time, it looks like a providence within the historic Church itself, that an increased harmony is arising between two schools which had long been kept asunder on the theological doctrine of baptismal regeneration ("). Thus while unity of sentiment, on the basis of simplified Truth is being steadily brought about between the historic Church and bodies of Christians separated from it, — within the Church itself, by means of a more perfect grasp of a long-misunderstood doctrine, acquired by renewed and more enlightened study, a desirable homogeneity of belief and of teaching is being established. It may not be out of place to add also, that even the adoption of an ecclesiastical architecture by the Christian associations which since the Reformation have formed themselves independently of the historic Church, — their approaches, in some instances, to a liturgical worship, and their partial use of ecclesiastical music, vocal as well as instrumental, — are all tending to the great redintegration, which, after well-considered and judiciously-introduced changes (•"), is at a future day again to render "the British people" and "the British Church" convertible terms. Within the historic Church itself, the archi- tectural, musical and liturgical renaissance is helping on the homogeneousness already spoken of, which misumlerstood doctrine in former years prevented (*•), 21. Unity on all Hands Increasingly Desired, In the East and in the West, throughout large areas of Christendom, there are at this moment movements of reform, movements towards a oneness — a stir beneath the ponderous blocks of tradition, of »logma, of custom, which for cen- turies have all but crushed out the genuine Christian life. In France and in Italy there are startling symptoms within the ancient historic national Churches, of a 1 TRUTHS RESURRECTIONS. 19 return, ere long, to primitive Truth and usage. Between the ancient Greek Church and our own in the mother-country, there have been of late open ap- proaches to intercommunion. That old Apostolic Church, equally with ourselves, denies the authority of foreign spiritual power, and rejects many of the fond addi- tions in faith and practice of partial synods and councils. A like approach to intercommunion has also taken place between the Greek Church and the Church in the United States descended from the English. On political grounds, there are fewer difficulties in the way of friendly intercourse between the»e two communions. These events are characteristic of the time in which we live, when men every- where are brought into more frequent and more familiar communication with one another, on all subjects, than in the days gone by. Truth, in its highest sense, is, we have reason to believe, heaving up the earth ; and, in the end, by its own in- trinsic force, under Him who is the Truth, will cause itself to be seen, to be felt, to be obeyed ^'*). 22. Re-uniou Suggested by Coincidences in 1865 ; (i) in Relation to East and West. Especially at the Easter-tide of this year (1865), were we prompted to an earnest prayer for the unity of Christendom. In this year, by an interesting coin- cidence, Easter-day, the Resurrection festival of the Messiah, was observed by all the historic national Churches of Western Europe, and by the Greek or Oriental Churches, simultaneously, on one and the same day (•*). Usually, from the differ- ence of Old and New Style, the Easters of the two great divisions of Christendom fall on different days. This year, from chronological necessities in the calculations for the two Calendars, it was not so. As, on tlie 15th of April, the sun descended in the Western wave to the people of Sitka and Vancouver, and the mainland opposite, where on the extren * north-west of this continent the dominions of the Czar and of our Queen are conterminous, all tlie Christian inhabitants on both sides the dividing line could say with equal truth, "It is Easter-eve." And on tlie following morn, while devout congregations in this Western Hemisphere were singing in the English tongue — Ye choirs of New Jerusalem, V'our sweetest notes employ, The Pasch.1I victory to hymn In strains of holy joy, — Christian men and Cinistian women throughout Russia, Cireece, and the whole Orient had only just ceased in their several dialects the mutual salutations of "The Lord is risen." They in their Eucharist, as we in ours, and as all the other ancient Churclies of the West in tlieirs, on that day commemorated togetiier " Him who by Ilisdeatii destroyed death, and by His rising again restored men to everlasting life." Tlius, in diis respect at least, was Ciiristendom one. It is true, here was only a momentary coincidence in regard to a full luoon ard a festival dependent tiiereupon. Hut did it not suggest to the thoughtful mind the wish that in weiglitier matters tliere were harmony among Christians in perpetuity? 20 TRUTHS RESURRECTIONS. Did it not suggest the wish that Christendom could present, as without doubt in the progress of light and knowledge it will one day present, the grand moral spec- tacle of a Body all one in the simplicity of Truth ? The step to this state of things will be easy, when it shall be universally seen, as it is beginning to be, that, when from the canon of Scripture, from the Nicene and early Western Creed, from the two sacraments, from the three orders of the apostolic ministry, you have lifted off "the Pelion on Ossa " of adventitious matter piled upon them respectively, in the li^ast and in the West since the primitive age, even NOW, Christendom fundamentally is one (*^). 23. (2) In Relation to Christian and Jew. By another interesting coincidence, it is to be added that Good Friday in this year (1865), was also the day of the celebration of the Passover among the modern Jews. One of the points of divergence in the old time between the East and Wesc was the close adherence of the former to the Jewish method of calculating the time of the Paschnl feast. This long-continued orie.ital custom brought it to jiass this year, that the Christian Good Friday and the Jewish Passover-day fell, according to the Western Calendar, on the 14th of April. Thus on that day, before God and the intelligences of Heaven, earth presented the unusual sij^ht of the great bulk of its inhabitants who in any sense rest their hopes on a Divine Messiah, whether Christian or Jew, united for a moment in a common oliservance. Such conjunctures occurring from time to time in the cycle of the years, prompt with peculiar emphasis the prayer, that the day may be hastened, when the veil shall be more fully removed from the moral vision of Israel, when they shall all see and be convinced that David their King is already come, and is reigning ; that the Jerusalem which their prophets taught them to yearn after is not the city made with hands, bearing now for so many centuries that name ; but a higher Jerusalem, even a spiritual, whose outer court and earthly representative is the Christian Church everywhere, into the several branches of which in the several nations of the earth they are fore-ordained to be gradually absorbed. In the large Jewish communities of Germany and elsewhere on the Continent of Europe, there are, we are assured on respectable authority, earnest enquiries going on continually on the subject of the Messiah, ending in many instances in an extrication from the complex subtleties of the Rabbis, and an intelligent adojjtion of the Christian faith. In the country in which our lot is cast, we do little — we can do little — for the Jew. But a coincidence like that of Good Friday in this year may serve to give a fresh reality to our charitable aspirations for the well-being of the remnant of Israel. 24. Good Friday ^ iS6s, Further Remarkable. Would that in the retrospect of the year nothing further was to be recorded as rendering memorable the anniversary just ref' rred to. But not from the Christian point of view alone will the 14th of April be a day to be distinguished from others. The inhabitants of this continent, and of all civilized lands, will in f 4 TRUTH S RESURRECTIONS. 21 after times recall it as the day on which, before their very eyes, so to speak, was perpetrated one more of those nefarious deeds, which at intervals in the world's hisjory confer on a maniac or deliberate assassin, patriotic or mock-patriotic, an infamous imm "talily (**). Just as on every hand a spirit of gladness was springing up, at the cessation of a hateful strife, and the recommencement of a happy era ; just as the cloud was lifting, from a scene desolate indeed in many respects, and reeking with the blood of a second Cadmean slaughter, but still an arena where, at all events, the names of lx}ndman and bondwoman would be no more heard, where consequently in the after ages it would be confessed the cause of civilization had prevailed — ^just as a prospect like this was opening, the blackness of darkness again suddenly came duvvn, filling men's hearts with dismay. A crime like that which effected this change usually frustrates itself. It summons forth from the ranks of mankind many champions in the place of one or two, and thus renders strong the side which it aimed to weaken. In all probability the act will prove to have been the issue — not of political conspiracy — but of private or family revenge, or of the working of some solitary brain rendered morbid by the excitements of the time. In the meanwhile we have to wait until the light again appears, resting on the recollection, how often in history, out of disasters the most appalling there have been evolved compensatory benefits previously not to be imagined (^*). 2v Conclusion. I To utilize practically the matters which have been treated of, — to all who sir jrely desire jieace and the well-being of society at large, and of themselves individually, — to all who would "serve God without fear, in holiness and right- eousness before Him, all the days of their life," — it is earnestly recommended to kindle up within, by every possible means, more and more, the spirit of thai ascertained revealed deposit of Truth, of which mention has so often been made. In the memorable vision of St. John the Divine, the heavenly messenger, it will be rememljered, bade him eat the little Hook which he brought down in his hand. Even so we make the right use of the Records of that Truth in our hands when we eat, when we feed upon, their real substance. He who is the Truth, called himself also the Bread which came down from heaven, that men might eat thereof and not die : that is. He was to be regarded as the Tree of Life restored again, for the free use henceforward of all faithful, obedient men. Now, — what- ever other means may exiit for continuing the essential life of the human soul, — Him we find as bread here, in His words, in His thoughts, in His acts and deetls. These all — as we say of wholesome food — we have to assimilate ; these all, we have to take into our moral system ; these all, with diligent care, we are to make the fixed, habitua' principles of our common, daily lives. 1 NOTES. Note (i), p. 3. " I cannot fancy to myself what the Law of Nature means, but the Law of God. How should I know I ought not to steal, I ought not to commit adultery,, unless somebody had told me so. Surely 'tis because I have been told so. 'Ti& not because I ought not to do them, nor because you think I ought not ; if so, our minds might change ; whence then comes the restraint ? From a higher Power, nothing else can bind. I cannot bind myself, for I may untie myself again ; nor an equal cannot bind me, for we may untie one another: it must be a superior power, even God Mm\ghty."—Se/den's Table Talk, p. 182. Edit. J. Jitissell Smith. Note (2), p. 4. The following passage from Lelimann de Serapide, in the Aluseum Philologi- cum of Thorn Crenius, p. 402, Edit. Lugdun. Batav., 1699, furnishes a curious enumeration of the objects of religidus regard among the ancient Egyptians : — "Si uUa sub sole natio, certe .^Egyptiorum gens, idolatrise altissime immersa fuit ; adeo enim horum mentes superstitio invasit ut non modo animantia bruta, puta ex terrestrihus, canes, feles, oves, lupos, leones, capras, hircos, mures araneos, ichneumones, crocodilos, et serpentes ; ex volatilibus, aquilas, gryphos, ibides, et accipitres ; ex aquatilibits, oxyrinchos, lepidotos, latos, anguillas ; sed et plantas, allium et cepas ut deos coluerint, imo quod pudet referre, cioacis, et quod magis, pudendis ipsis, tanquam causae creationis animalium, sacra fecerint." To these must be added also "Bos ille Memphiticus in honorem Osiridis sub Apidis vel Serapidis nomine, ab universa /Egypto divino honore nullo non tempore cultus." Note (3), p. 5. • There are traditions among the Rabbinical writers, of the " Seven precepts of Noah," relating to the natural duty common to all men. They may be seen in Taylor's Calmet, sub voce "Noachidae." Maimonides says the first six of them descended from Adam. Some Cabbalists pretend that Ham stole from Noah a treatise of his "Of the Secrets of Natural Things," and gave it to Mizraim (Egypt). Oriental nations assert that Noah left behind him ten books. The poet Keats glances at these traditions in his Hyperion (Book H., 11. 133-138), where he makes Saturn speak of "That old spirit-leaved book, Which starry Uranus with finger bright Saved from the shores of darkness, when the waves Low-ebb'd still hid it up in silent eloom ; And which book ye know I ever kept For my firm-based footstool." Thus happily turned by Merivale into Metamorphosean verse ; — Arcanis * * intexta volumina fatis ; Pollice qiis; nitido tenebrarum stellifer oris Uranus eripuit, cum decrescentibus undis Obruit alta vadis refltii caligo profundi : — , Ilium nempe librum, scitis, subsellia nostris Subjeci pedibus, firmi fulcimina regni, . • 23 t 24 TRUTHS RESURRECTIONS. Tt is supposed by several writers on mythology that the history of Noah is the substratum of the legends of Uranus, Janus, Ogyges, is, Bacchus and others. Apropos of Uranus — I venture to close this mixed annoi^-cion with a memorandum in relation to the planet of that name. On the 20th of March, 1865, after the lapse of one of its years, that is to say, after eighty-four of ours, plus seven days, it returned to the point in the heavens where it was first discovered by the astrono- mer Herschel in 1781. Note (4), p. 10. See Bingham, vol. iii, 335-360. Edit. Strakn: Note (5), p. 12. It is now (1865) twenty years since Hagenbach published his work, lately reprinted by Messrs. Clark, of Edinburgh, on "German Rationalism in its Rise, Progress and Decline, in the 1 8th and 19th Century." The Christian Remem- brancer of April, in noticing this volume, says it forms a useful adjunct to the studies now incumbent on the clergy in connection with the outbreak of sorr ;thing much worse than the extinct phase of " Free Thought." Note (6), p. 13. Milton, in his Areopagitica, or Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing, (Prose Works, vol. ii, p. 65. Ed. Bohn) has the following, among other wise remarks on the necessity of some acquaintance with works hostile to our own views of truth and righteousness: — "To the pure, all things are pure; not only meats and drinks, but all kind of knowledge, whether of good or evil : the know- ledge cannot defile, nor consequently the books, if the will and conscience be not defiled. For books are as meats and viands are ; some of good, some of evil sul)slance ; and yet God, in that unapocryphal vision, said without exception, ' Rise, Peter, kill and eat ;' leaving the choice to each man's discretion. Whole- some meats to a vitiated stomach differ little or nothing from unwholesome ; and best books to a naughty mind are not inapplicable to occasions of evil. Bad meats will scarce breed good nourishment in the healthiest concoction ; but herein tlie difference is of bad books, that they to a discreet and judicious reader serve in many resj>ects to discover, to confute, to forewarn, and to illustrate." For the sake of exhibiting a reference to Canada, wherein our country is curiously and not inaccurately spoken of, as occupying a position analogous to that of Cathay or China, I add a second passage from the same treatise. The idea contained therein bears on the questions of conducting theological controversy in the Latin language, and prohibiting the translation of foreign books. " Nor bo>j..5 it to say for these, and all the heathen writers of great t infection, if it must be thought so, with whom is bound up the life of human learning, that they wrote in an unknown tongue, so long as we are sure those languages are known as well to the worst of men, who are both most able and most diligent to instil the poison they suck, first into the courts of princes, acquainting them with the choicest delights, and criticisms of sin. ... By which compendious way all the contagion that foreign books can infuse, will find a passage to the people far easier and shorter than an Indian voyage, though it could be sailed either by the north of Cataio eastward, or o. Canada westward, while our Spanish licensing gags the English press never so severely. " Ibid., p. 69. Note (7), p. 16. Of modern monasticism generally, the writer of the Article Monachistn, in the Encyclopedia Britannica, makes the following remark — "Since the Reforma- \ I NOTES. 25 tion, Monachism cannot be said to have manifested any inherent vitality or power. With the advar. . of modern civilization, its highest meaning and only conserva- tive use are gone ; and* so far as it still maintains itself in Europe, it must be held to be an opponent at once of genuine religious life and the advance of an elevated rational cultivation." Note (8), p. i6. The fictitious essentiality of union and communion on the part of all men with the occupant of a particular see in Italy — pressed on Englishmen by the recent English converts to Romanism — is clearly a dogma issuing from the narrow sensuous spirit pointedly and expressly rebuked in the words (all will recognize Whose they are) — *' Believe me, the hour cometh wlien ye shall neither in this mountain (solely), nor yet at Jerusalem (solely), worship the Father. The hour cometh and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father (irrespective of place), in spirit and in truth." — S(. Johtty iv., 21, 23. Note (9), p. 17. In respect to the extravagant cultus of the Virgin which more or less char- acterizes the European National Churches, and the Romish communions in the British Dominions and the United States, J. H. Newman, in his Apologia (p. 228, Appleton's Ed.), thus expresses himself: "Such devotional manifestations in honour of our Lady had been my great crux as regards [Romanism] ; I say frankly I do not fully enter into them now ; I trust I do not love her the less, because I cannot enter into them. They may be fully explained and defended ; but sentiment and taste do not run with logic ; they are suitable for Italy, but they are not suitable for England. But, over and above England, my own case was special ; from a boy I had been led to consider that my Maker and I, His creature, were the two beings, certainly such, in rertim natiira. I will not here speculate, however, about my feelings. Only this I know full well now, and did not know then, that the [Romish] Church allows no image of any sort, material or immaterial, no dogmatic symbol, no rite, no sacrament, no saint, not even the Blessed Virgin herself, to come between the soul and its Creator. It is face to face, 'solus cum solo,' in all matters between man and his God, He alone creates ; He alone has redeemed ; before his awful eyes we go in death ; in the vision of Him is our eternal beatitude." — Why devo- tional manifestations in honour of Notre Dame are suitable for Italy and not suitable for England, may be deduced in part from the following item of statis- tics, just now circulating in the public papers: "Population of Italy (in 1865), 21,777,534; of whom 16,999,701 can neither read nor write." — While on the subject of "things suitable and unsuitable," it may not be out of place to refer to the curious and instructive contrast presented by two conspicuous funerals happening in one week in London, in the spring of 1865 : the one of a distin- guished Romish ecclesiastic resident in England ; the other of a munificent British nobleman : the former gaudy and theatrical, accompanied by an un- English throng, bearing upon them outwanily and openly the unmistakable impress of superstitious training, and consequent contractedness ; the latter grave and solemnly-grand, without affectation or over-wrought pretension, moving on amidst groups of honest-faced, intelligent-looking men, and clear-eyed, open- countenanced youth. ([ am judging from the pictorial illustrations in the admir- able weekly publications which now so conveniently admit us to be spectators, virtually, of all the principal events in the world's current history.) 1J6 TRUTH S RESURRECTIONS. NOTK (lO), p. 17. The first Index of Prohibited Books was issued by Gianpietro Caraft'a, bishop of Rome in 1559. It characteristically includes all Bibles in modern languajjes, enumerating forty-eight editions, chiefly printed within the limits of unreformed national Churches. Note (ii;, p. 18. This result is in some measure owing to the intemperate attacks from without, in 1864, on the part of a popular Baptist minister in London, whose widely- circulated indictments, so to call them, have excited an earnest and intelligent investigation into the real meaning of the theological pomt in question. Note (12), p. 18. A Royal commission has this year (1865) proposed, in the Declaration of Adherence exacted of Clergymen by the Parliamentary Act of 14, Charges II., a simple modification, which in 1662 would, in all likelihood, have saved a secession from the national Church of many of its clergy and laity. Also, in the same year, (1865), the two Convocations of England have been permitted bylaw to alter a Canon (the 36th). We can see in the precedents thus advisedly established, two of the means by which petty stumbling blocks in the way of harmony internally, and of re-union with alienated sons and daughters externally, will be cautiously and judiciously removed. In Canada — principally in Canada East — a fragment of the Church of France exists, submitting now — not, as on ancient Catholic principles it ought, to the spiritual authorities of the ecclesiastical province, into the area of which, by force of circumstances it has passed — nor even to the original authority of the mother-church in France, but — to the authority of an Italian bishoji. And this state of things is legalized by the local civil power. It has consequently been considered singular by some, that the presbyters and deacons of the Anglican CJuiich in the French portion of Canada, have not, ere now, been relieved from declaring that " no foreign prelate hath any jurisdiction within this realm. " But it must be borne in mind that the French Roman Catholics of Canada, however firmly their multifarious institutions are rooted in the land by ancient landed endowments, constitute, after all, in the eye of the law, only a voluntary associa- tion. Their y)osition is that of tiie adherents of the bishop of Rome in the islands of Great Britain and Ireland ; except that here, it is not, as there, a breach of the local civil law, for their ecclesiastics to assume the titles of sees already canoni- cal ly established. By the fourth article of the treaty of 1763, the Sovereign of Great Britain engaged "that his new Roman Catholic subjects (i>., the members of the French Church iii Canada) might profess the worship of their religion, according to the rights of the Romish Church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permitted." See interesting matter on this subject in "Debates on the Bill for the Government of Quebec," p. 61. Note (13), p. 18. With what grateful enthusiasm, on the part of all theological schools, have the noble restorations of Lee Guinness in Dublin been hailed ! Note (14), p. 19. The real character of the Church, as a society originating in the Messiah when on earth, and organized under His direction, by His first ministers and preachers, is always in danger of being forgotten in countries where, for a series of ages, it has i i NOTES. 27 become mixed up witli the civil constitution. In such communities, the legal sanctions of the Church usurp the place of its real essence in the consideration of many. Decrees of the Ecclesiastical Court of Final Appeal in regard to certain recently-organized colonial dioceses, are however liaving the effect of recallinij attention to what are the essential, and what the non-essential, conditions of Church existence. Attempts have been nia. iio. Edit. J. Kttssell Smith. — (As an extreme and cautionary exatr.ple of the manner in which ecclesiastical titles will in time accumulate, those of the bishop of Rome, as given in the oflicial Anmiario or clergy-list of 28 TRUTH 8 RESURRECT10X& Italy, etc., may be cited. They are these — "Vicar oi f. C, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontifex of the Catinwiar C'tarch, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Metropolitan of Rome, asoi >«w«reign of the States of the Church.") The colonial dioceses of the British Church are obLKumiHg one after another, the right to have representative synods, with the po-»^«r lof electing their own bishops. Spiritual rulers, permanently identified with tbt ■KiLleiia-stical interests of the regions in which they respectively discharge their fumataoiK, are thus intended to be secured. As such dioceses grow in population, xmi clergy also become numerous therein, there is in fact no great difificulty in findiiiiig within the limits of each, men duly qualified to exercise with judgment the tnnHmioi office. From the long-established habit of looking to the mother-church m fcrmer times for every thing, there will exist nevertheless for many a year in (S-oyjOiul dioceses a number of persons with little appreciation of the boon of self-goiTtmincnt, and ready on every test occasion to throw up their newly-acquired prjvjiege;^., and return back to the Egypt of easy irresponsible dependence. The locaJ aictachment and local patriotism of this school of reasoners are small. Thdir jEJcnttbers and influence therefore may be expected to vary inversely as the approiiiiiiBation of the colony to the condition of an autonomous state. As long as ibey cam, however, they vill hinder the growth of a young nationality. But such a pajrtj must in time come a an end. Britain, the Mighty Mother, is herself every daj rtoAin^ to her daughter colonies, and her daughter colonial Churches, lessons 'A «lf-reliance, and seif- resj)ect. She is by degrees insisting on it, that they sJiall nuo more, like children unable to help themselves, look to her, on every taaatsrgency, across the sea. Ecclesiastical ultramarine-ism, in colonies, like ecclesiBL«tnciI altramontanism on the Continent of Europe — a foe, each of them, to free masnue development- -is ia this manner destined, in the irresistible progress of evtml*, m he extinguished. NoTK (15), p. 19. In the Church Journal oi New York, of the date Mamtfe: 22, 1865, a writer, who has mastered tlie subject, gives some curious inlonrntECaoa in reijard to occa- sional coincidences in the Easters of the Westeru hiiaioirk Churches, and the Eastern. After having calculated Easter for eight cycl«»- 'of che moon, from A.U. 1862 to 2013 inclusive, a period of 152 years, he find* lluas m that interval there will be 44 years in which Easter in the East and West will! «oiOTniacyle, so that there will continue to be coincidences of Easter, and the group cJ ie^aiiTiLs depending on it, in the two parts of Christendom, gradually decreasing in ireipcncy, until Easter day, 25th March (Old Style) 12th April (New Style), A.D- zi^i, which will be the last Easter East and West will celebrate on the same day. Afcor cFiar, such coincidences become impossible. As a matter of curiosity it may be artdeii, that it further comes out in the calculations of this writer, that during l)W century 6700-6799, the Paschal full moons by our calendar will fall on the fiajoucdsy^ of the month as in. I' I NOTES. 29 the Nicene Calendar ; and that during the same century the difference between the Old and New Style will be forty-nine days or sevsn weeks, so that the Sunday letters will also agree in the two Calendars, and thus during the whole of these loo years East and West will keep taster nominally on the same days, but at an interval of seven wpi.-ks apart, our Easter falling constantly on Quinquagesima Sunday of the Eastern Church. After an interval of 6,900 years, the Paschal full moons would again fall nominally on the same days in the calendar of Exst and West, but 52 bissextile days having meantime been omitted in the West, the Sunday letters would not accord, and "7 and 52 being prime to each other, (7 X 6900) 48,300 years would have to elapse before the same coincidences would again occur, and meanwhile (7 x 52) 364 bissextile days omitted by us would have made the Old and New Style to differ one whole year more. The Easter of the Greek Church having passed through the whole cycle of the seasons, would be celebrated oi.e year and seven weeks after ours." — Now that the railway and telegraph systems of Europe have extended to Russia and Asia generally, it is to be expected that the difference between Old and New Style will speedily disappear. It is singular that the awkwardness arising in diplomatic and commercial corres- pondence, from the two modes of dating, have not before now led to uniformity of practice in this regard. But national pride, it must be remembered, often stickles long on petty points. Note (16), p. 20. The Empress Eugenia of France, has addressed a circular to the "Princesses " of Europe, suggesting the repair and even the rebuilding of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre by a joint "subscription." Many diplomatic reasons will possibly be ferreted out to show why the Queen of England should not take part — munificently — in the movement. A side issue of the question when laid before the keepers of the public conscience, may even be the extinction of the Anglo- Prussian Jerusalem bishopric, as null and void from the very beginning. But in reality, the Empress's plan is one by means of which the Christian West, and especially England, might exert an admirable, civilizing influence upon the semi- barbarous East. Philanthropists consider improved dwelling-places a means of elevating the character of debased human beings. On a like principle, an edifice of worthy dimensions and comely beauty, — in v^'hich order and cleanliness should be strictly maintained by a strong police for so long a time as it may be necessary — would help in no small measure ultimately to improve the moral character of the mixed multitudes thai every year freijuent the supposed site of the Holy Sepulchre. The sanction of the Sultan would of course be obtained for the execution of the work. Let the side aisles be, as proposed, for the Greeks and Latins. Let the grand central avenue be the possession of the rest — of the Teutons, let us call them, among whom let English Christians be nobly conspicuous. — The ideality of the West, occupied by innumerable projects, has become somewhat torpid to appeals like this. But roused by the voice of "princesses" it may listen — and perhaps at last produce action on the plan proposed. At all events, the suggestion of the Empress is one more sign of an awakened spirit of unity in Christendom, and indicates a way in which it might beautifully express itself. Note (17), p. 21. The President, after conducting his fellow-countrymen well through a gigantic civil contest, had marked out for them a wise policy for the future. In the de- struction of such a man, thus at the moment of success " O'ermaster'd by the irony of fate,— ' The last and greatest martyr of the cause, Slain like Achilles at the Scaean gate, — 30 TRUTH S RKSURRECTIONS. the words of Napoleon III., in his Preface to the "Life of Julius Caesar," receive an early additional illustration, so far as it is proved that Southern individuals — I do not say Southern authorities — had anything to do with the act. " Heureux les peuples qui les comprennent et les suivent ! (i.e., ceux qui leur tracent la voie qu' ils doivent suivre, etc.). Malheur a ceux qui meconaissent et les combattent 1 lis font comme les Juifs, ils crucifient leur Messie ; ils sont aveugles et coupables : aveugles, a suspendre le triomphe definitif dr bien ; coupables, car ils ne font que retarder le progres, en entravant sa prompte et feconde application." The theological allusion, casually made in this passage, has attracted the serious attention of some of the Jewish remnant in Europe ; and has drawn forth from M. Cremieux, president of the Israelite Alliance a solemn protest. The unhesitating assertion of the Emperor-author will probably nevertheless create here and there " deep searchings of heart " on the subject in question, with an effect greater than any that would be produced by the words of a common missionary. It will not be deemed out of place to .add here some striking remarks made by Dr. Sterry Hunt, at the meeting of the TJew England Society at Montreal, in April last. " In all ages, the notion of sacrifice has been interwoven with the religious conviction of our race. In ruder times, it was an innocent, bleeding victim to a vengeful God. A wise and more pious philosophy sees that it is in mercy and not in vengeance the Great Father of all demands our choicest gifts, and that when He withholds or withdraws, it is to teach us great truths, which could not otherwise reach our imperfect natures. It is not only by the suffering of the victim, but by the lesson to the survivors, that Divine Goodness accom- plishes its work. One object which we may already discern through the darkness with which He shrouds His purposes,, is that of showing to the nation and to the world the horrible spirit of that institution which, in its death-agony, strikes down our chief magistrate. The sum of all 'villanies' had stamed itself with every crime, — theft, perjury, treason, and rebejlion. In the long-sufferings of thousands of martyrs in .Southern prisons, aud in the massacre of the vanquished on many a field, was to be seen its damning ! icurd ; but one thing was wanted to fill up the measure of its iniquities, the parricidal blow v/hi<;h struck down the second father of his country, one who ' Had borne his faculties so irjeK, had been So clear in his great office, .hat his virliies Did plead like artels, trumpet-tongupd, against The deep damnation of his taking-ofT.'" Note (i8), p. 21. The issue of the contest being now pretty clearly before us, I f>?fi a sati.>fac- tion in putting en record here a brief extract from a public address, delivered by the writer of the present note, in 1861, and iei)orted at the time in the daily journals: — " We see our neighbours i the midst of an agony more stern than any they have ever before experienced, — in a crisis indeed which was inevitalle, when we call to mind, that from the outset of their independent history, two jirinriples, diametrically opposed, were accepted as findamental in their organization. Of those two principles we cannot doubt which is in harmony with truth and justice ; we cannot doubt which will ultitnately triumph, whatever may be the result of the imme