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O. H. M. 9. 
 
 D^ihj MininUr. 
 
 LABORATOKY 
 
 or THE 
 
 INLx\ND REVENUE DEPARTMENT 
 
 OTTA\\^A, C^:N^A^r)A. 
 
 BXJLLETIlSr I^o 115 
 
 BLUESTONE AND FORMALIN 
 
LABORATORY 
 
 INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT 
 
 OTTAWA, CANADA 
 
 BULLETIN No. 115 
 
 BLUESTONE AND FORMALIN. 
 
 Ottawa, March 0, I'JOC. 
 
 W. J. (jKKALI). E8(|., 
 
 iJeputy Miniiter of Inland Revenue. 
 
 8lH, —I teg t<> submit tlie following report on the inupection of samples of Blue 
 .Stone and Formalin, the colltHition of which was authorized in your letters of January 5 
 an<l February 23 last. 
 
 In correspondence with the Department concerning bluestone the necessity of 
 this insjiection was urged by the Manitoba Grain Growers Association on the 
 gi-ound that a very large proportion of the wheat crop of 1905 had been damaged by 
 smut in districts where great care had been taken to profjcrly treat the seed with solu- 
 tion of sulphate of copper previous to sowing. This request was forwarded through the 
 J)epartment of Agriculture, and similar representations from private parties were 
 received through the Deputy Minister of Trade and Commerce. A later communication, 
 dated February 13, was received by this branch from Mr. C. A. Clark, Seed Commis- 
 sioner of the l>ominion Department of Agriculture, in which the necessity was explained 
 for having the results of the inspection published among the farmers of the North-west 
 (it the earliest possible date and mentioning formalin as another germicide requiring the 
 attention of the Department. 
 
 Accompanying this report you will find, in Table I, all the information we possess 
 ifgarding the origin of 23 samples [of bluestone, obtained for the most part in the 
 North-west. The collection was ordered of a much larger number in the province of 
 Manitoba, but the inspector was unable to obtain more, without "imply duplicating 
 brands of the same origin. The table also contains the result of testing these samples, 
 which work was performed by Mr. A. Valin. Pure bluestone consists simply of one 
 molecule of cupric sulphate and five of water of crysUllization. Its percentage compo- 
 sition is as follows : 
 
 Cupric Oxide 31 86 per cent. 
 
 Sulphuric Anhydride 32-06 " 
 
 Water of Crystallization 36-OS " 
 
 10000 
 
It ought tlwrefon' to contain at least 30 ner lent of fuprii- oxide, and lie fiw 
 fiinii iron oxi<Je and Hluminu. It i» defined in the British Pharm*i'op<i>ia, which exatU 
 that it Hhould yi«<ld ' no tharacteriiitic reaction with the test for lead, arHenium, zinc or 
 aluminium, and not nii.re than the nlightest reaotioPK with the tf^ta for iron.' FitniT 
 the Ubie it will U- neen that HOine -t the sampler conUin as much an 34-37 per i-ent of 
 cupric oxi(h', which hiKh percenta^i' iit probably owing to lo«« of some of the water of 
 crjHtallization. Six out of the •-'•I naniplea conUin lean than 30 per cent of cupric oxide 
 and the lowest shown L'W <»•_•. In only one cam- does the quantity of alumina an<i firric 
 oxide exceed 10 per cent and this I have markeii as 'adulterated.' The result of the 
 inspection is therefore in percpntages as follows • 
 
 Genuine 
 
 Of inferior quality 
 Adulterrtt«<l 
 
 73 -9 per cent. 
 21-7 
 4-4 
 
 100-0 
 
 Under the circumstances, the opinion which seems now to b' lit in the N<'.-th-west, 
 to the effe< I that the prevalence of smut in the crop of last yea. was owing to the 
 inferior (|uiility of the bluestone sold to the farmers, does not appear to be well i'oundetl. 
 
 Table 1 1, also attached to this i-eport, gives the results of inspecting formalin. This 
 article is ii..t mentioned in the British Pliarniaco|xeia, but in Mercks Index it is 
 defined as a tO per cent solution of Formaldehyde. According to Leach, the common 
 preservatives on the market known as ' Preservaliiie,' ' Freezine,' ' I«eline,' Ac, ar« pro- 
 du<-ed from di\,uting tin- 40 per cent solution known as formalin, which has therefore a 
 re<-ognized strength. The ten samples dew-ribed in the table, although bought from different 
 vendors, represent for the most part, the article manufacturtd by the Perth Amboy 
 Chemical Co., of Perth Vmboy, New .lersey. These vary, according to the assays of 
 Ml-. A. V^alin, in the quantities they contain of formaldehyde, from .«" to 39-4 per cent, 
 and in the aWnce of any standartf 'limits of variability' cannot very well be charac- 
 terized otherwise than as 'ge-iuine.' One sample has l>een found to contain only 2.0-fi 
 l>or cent and is considerwl to be adulterated. 
 
 T have the honour to Ite, sir. 
 
 Your obedient servant. 
 
 THOMAS MACFARLANE, 
 
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