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 OFFPRINT FROM 'THE AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN AND ORIENTAL JOURNAL" VOL. IX. 1887. 
 
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INSIDE VIEW OF A IIIIDAII DWELLING. 
 
 000 
 
 vciy interesting^ localities where the Delaware, Lenape, and their 
 numerous allies held their yearly i)ow-W()ws; nian\ <>[ mir 
 streams bear to this day Indian names (hnived therefrom. My 
 collection abounds in rare forms of axes, discoidal or (juoit stonL'>, 
 celts, corn-beaters, arrow and spear points, etc. I will be pleased to 
 send you a tlescription ami drawini;- of some of them. 
 
 Wishinji you snccess, and truslinj;' the Amkukan An rim aki.w 
 may live lonjjf and prosper, I remain sincerelv yours, 
 
 Reading-, Pa., Oct. 17th, 1SS5. Tiii;()."a". Kicndai.i.. 
 
 INSIDE VIEW OF A IIUIDAII 1)\V1:LLIN(;. 
 
 Editor Am. Antiquarian: 
 
 I send you an interior view of an ancient honse on Queen Cliar- 
 lotte's Island, for the Axtkiuariax. Use it as vou think proper; 
 doubtless it would interest some of your readers from the noveltv 
 of its style. Such houses, from their depth in the jj^ronnd, are 
 roomy and warm. In some villa_i(es, every house has a well of 
 clear cold water in a corner of its floor. With rejj^ard to the copper 
 money, I am sorry you did not give the T instead of the T. In 
 speaking of their value in l)lankets, a mistake occurs; instead of 
 "three cornered," it ought to read "three jjoints." These points 
 - arc marks on the corners of each blanket to show their 
 quality. 
 
 The house from which the view was taken is strictly .';ncient; 
 the entrance is through the oval hole in the carved column to the 
 house. The depth of the floor below the outside surface ranges 
 from 4 to 13 feet. The excavations for these houses range from 25 
 to 50 ft. in width, and from 30 or 40 to So ft., or even more, in length. 
 The two benches shown on every side of the house ar^ for the in- 
 mates to sleep on when there are no bed-rooms; the . wer one is 
 wide enough for a person to sit comfortably in a chair. The up- 
 per bench in this ho-.i'- is ten feet wide and about six feet in per- 
 pendicular height above the floor; it has a rope along the brink 
 of it to prevent any one from falling off. A floor is laid from this 
 bench back to a cribbing of squared logs, which prevents the earth 
 from falling in, and against which the boards comprising the walls 
 of the house are fixed if nailed, which seldom happens in honses 
 in their towns; never in the old houses; all are set in a grove, run- 
 ning the whole length of the plank. The planks used for these 
 benches arc all of one piece: their size is guided by the dimensions 
 of the house being built. I have seen planking used for this 
 purpose, So feet in length, 6 feet in width, and 12 inches in thick- 
 ness; all hewn out of a cedar tree by little hand adzes. They 
 used also wooden wedges and stone hammers. These little adzes 
 were made of copper until lately, when they got steel, eruh 
 yettia (iron metal) from the yctt suhtay (iron men, wliitc peo- 
 ple,) who visited them at the beginning of this century. The 
 
 ii 
 
 k 
 
 
810 
 
 THE AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN. 
 
 floors in the houses are two inch boards; the place for the fire 
 is in the center of tlie house; it has a bor(lerin«f of sea shells, bro- 
 ken very fine; tlie smoke <^ets out throufifh a hole in the roof. The 
 stick han<j;in<^ over the fire with the chains is used for smoking 
 fish, or if wished, cookinjf them. The other one is for drying 
 clothes by. The little room on the upper bench is a sort of box 
 bed. This sort of house will soon be a thing of the past. Since 
 1SS3 the}' have been pulling down the old houses and rebuilding 
 after our style. Yours Respectfully, 
 
 Oakvale, June 10, 1SS4. Jamks Deans. 
 
 Editor Am. Antiquarian: 
 
 In reply to request, I mail you prints of a number of arrows in 
 my collection. Aly collection consist of 
 
 Arrows and spears, (the jjick from about 75,000,) 5,000 
 
 Mortars from one ounce to 25 lbs. weight, 20 
 
 Pestles, pounders and hammers, 50 
 
 Beads and pendants, 25 
 
 Sinkers, la 
 
 Scrapers, , 25 
 
 Knives, 7 
 
 Grave ornaments and other carvings, la 
 
 Highly carved pipes from B. C, (not jjrehistoric,) 8 
 
 Articles unknown, 20 
 
 Mrs Kunzc, of Umatilla is the only person having a large col- 
 lection that I know 
 
 Oregon City, Ogn., July 25, 'S7. II. C. Stkvkxs. 
 
 THE KENTUCKY SILVER FIND. 
 
 Editor Am. Antiquarian : 
 
 In your July number of the Axtiquariax Mr. T. H. Lewis 
 has replied to an article of mine which appeared in the May 
 number. 
 
 In my article I stated: "Details of the work and find almost 
 lost." i also wrote to the Mr. Brown mentioned by Mr. Lewis, 
 and he says (as did my article,) "The relics were found by two- 
 boys whose names I do not remember." Mr. Mercer also cor- 
 roborates Mr. Brown's statement. Mercer talked with the boy 
 who brought the relics to Cincinnati. This boy was one of the two 
 who did the digging. 
 
 I may have been mistaken in the location of the mound, as I 
 never was at Portsmouth, but relied upon what Mr. Mercer said, 
 having obtained most of the information concerning the find from 
 him. But this I do know: the axe was not found with the- 
 
210 
 
 THE AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN. 
 
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 any person had the misfortune to be taken a prisoner of war 
 and was conveyed to a village belonging to hostile parties, 
 what he had to do on landing was to look along the village for 
 a crest showing his own clan. If he found one, all he had to 
 do was to tell his captors, "I belong to such a crest or clan; let 
 me go to such a house." They would give him his liberty, 
 saying "go; you are safe." Although the two tribes were still 
 at war, as long as he chose to live there he was safe. If he or 
 she wished to go home they had a safe conduct to the bound- 
 ary of their own country. If any one were hungry or sick or 
 blind in a strange village, or old and infirm at home, without 
 relations, those of their crest had to take care of them, and if 
 they died they had to dispose of the body in the dead house 
 belonging to the same crest. 
 
 If a party from a distant village went to another, on arrival 
 they divided, each one taking his or her abode in the house 
 which showed their several crests; while there they were enter- 
 tained free of charge, and those not belonging to it were 
 expected to pay or, at least, make a few presents. From long- 
 forgotten ages down to within a few years past, every one who 
 could afford to keep them had a number of slaves obtained by 
 purchase from other tribes or taken as prisoners of war. When 
 a chief or slaveowner died his slaves were killed in order that 
 they might be useful to their dead owners in the other life. 
 Moreover, when a house was being built a slave was killed and 
 his or her body placed on the bottom of the hole in which the 
 
 Cuyring or main carved column was to stand, its lower end 
 eing placed on the body. If a slave had been killed for that 
 purpose an image of a man or womaa, as the case might be, 
 was carved with their head down, on the lower part of the col- 
 umn, showing what had been done. I have never yet known 
 nor heard of the Hidery killing slaves for that purpose. Being 
 always on the make, to the Hidery one living slave was worth 
 forty dead ones. So they quietly sold a slave to another tribe. 
 Of course they had to place an image, with the head down, all 
 the same as if one had been killed and the body placed under- 
 neath. 
 
 Every man was expected to build a house during his lifetime, 
 more especially when he took to himself a wife. With the 
 house he had to raise his column on the front, showing the 
 social standing of himself and wife, the wife's crest being gen- 
 erally placed on the top of the post, while his own was placed 
 on the bottom. Every house when finished got a name, either 
 connected with the house or the people living in it or some 
 event happening while in course of erection. For instance, the 
 house of tne owls, "nah coot quinees," owl house; the people 
 living in it were owl house people — too quinees Hidery — so 
 named because they belonged to the coot-quinees ton or owl 
 crest. A house through which the wind sounded was named 
 "neh querga-heegan." That is, wind sounding house. A house 
 in which were a lot of boxes or had a box for its door step was