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MeGILL UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Annual University Lecture of the Session 1884-5, 
 
 B7 
 
 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM DAWSON, C.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S. 
 
 (Prom tha GAZtTTE, Montreal, November 8, 1884). 
 
 \ 
 
 The William Molson hall was filled to 
 overflowing yesterday afternoon on the oc- 
 casion of the annual university lecture which 
 was delivered by Sir William Dawson, princi- 
 pal of the university. Seats were not numer- 
 ous enough to hold the very large number who 
 attended to hear the addroHS of the learned 
 and distinguished principal and chairs had 
 to be brought into requisition. The chan- 
 cellor of the university, Hon. Senator 
 Ferrier, occupied the chair, and was supported 
 on the platform by the governors, members 
 of the corporation and various faculties of the 
 university. The students, of whom there 
 was a large number in attendance, main- 
 tained a most praiseworthy decorum on this 
 occasion. 
 
 Sir William Dawson, C.M.G., LL.D., who 
 was received with hearty applause, said : — 
 In presence of an audience which represents 
 at once the past and the future of this univer- 
 sity ; at a time when most important events 
 have transpired in reference to education both 
 here and abroad ; and after an absence of 
 nearly a year from the place which I have 
 occupied for twenty-nine yea; s, it would seem 
 better to present to you a series of sketches ox 
 our recent history, and its relations to things 
 in other countries which I have recently visit- 
 ed, than to attempt a more formal and syste- 
 matic lecture. 
 
 THB LATE CHANOBLLOR. 
 
 The first pigtqre that rises before me is that 
 
 of our late lamented chancellor, Mr. Justice 
 Day, a man whose memory should be dear, 
 not only to every member of this university, 
 but to every true Canadian. An ornament to 
 his profession, alike as a lawyer and as a 
 judge, a successful man in public life, he yet 
 loved, above all the prizes held out by a pro- 
 fessional and political career, the charms of 
 nature, of literature and of art, and was not 
 only willing but eager to devote his time and 
 energies to all that could advance the higher 
 culture of his countrymen. It was this that 
 induced him to assume in 1852 the responsible 
 position of president of the Beard of Royal 
 Institution, and to brave the danger of failure 
 in the attempt to revive the McGi 1 1 university 
 and to place it in the position which it now 
 occupies. His heartfelt interest in this work 
 appeared not only in the eloquent appeals 
 which he trom time to time addressed to his 
 fellow citizens, but in his personal efiforts to 
 induce leading and wealthy men to sustain 
 the university, and in the careful attention 
 which he at all times gave to the details of its 
 business. In the earlier years of my connec- 
 tion with McGill he was my constant adviser 
 in every case of difficulty ; and his rare com- 
 bination of practical sagacity, refined taste, 
 kindliness of dispotition and courtly manner, 
 with sterling rectitude and high Christian 
 feeling, gave weight and value to his counsel 
 and have impressed a tone on the early history 
 of this university, which I hope it may never 
 lose. 1 turned, only yesterday, to the letter 
 which he addressed to me in July, 1855 ; in- 
 viting me to accept the position which I now 
 hold, and which is full of a kindly consider- 
 ation and altogether free from official form- 
 

 ality, and while it attempted no glossing over 
 of the difficulties of the position, served to im- 
 press the same confidence which he himself 
 felt in the future of the university. The sen- 
 timents which he expresses in his address 
 on the occasion of the opening of the 
 hall in which we are now assembled, 
 may be quoted here in evidence of the broad 
 and enlightened views which he from the 
 first inculcated. He says in this ad- 
 dress : — 
 
 "There must be somewhere deep fountains, 
 Pierian springs, from which 'he living gener- 
 ation may draw and still leave to the genera- 
 tions to come a perennial supply. This supply 
 is secured by universities. They are at once 
 the laboratories of thought and Iinowledge, 
 and the storehouses of its treasures, as they 
 are slowly gathered in the unfoldlngs of succes- 
 sive ages,— and although many of the acquisi- 
 tions in abstract knowledge seem at first and 
 for long periods to have no practical or per- 
 ceptible value, yet as the years glide on, and 
 the secrets of nature are more fully revealed 
 and better understood, these supposed useless 
 conquests of science and philosophy one after 
 another become the bases of wonderful inven- 
 tions and noble institutions, which minister 
 sometimes to the convenience and luxury, and 
 sometimes to the higher welfare and 
 social progress of the world. In 
 estimating then the value of universi- 
 ties, they are to be considered not merely as 
 a means for the education of youth, but of the 
 whole people, and as agencies in producing the 
 more refined and excellent elements of a true 
 civilization. What could supply in England 
 or in the great nations of Europe tlie want of 
 their venerable seminaries of learning, shed- 
 ding abroad from age to age their golden fruits, 
 the luxuriant growth from the small begin- 
 nings of a generation which lived a thousand 
 years ago? But most especially in this new 
 country do we need those mighty instruments 
 of mental and moral culture. We need them 
 for -our statesmen and legislators, we need 
 them for our judges, lor our professional men, 
 our merchants ; we need them in short as uni- 
 versal educators for every class of our people. 
 In an immature condition of society, where 
 all are engaged in the struggle, first for the 
 means of subsistence and then for the acquisi- 
 tion of wealth, the tpndencles are to lose sight 
 of the higher ends of 11 fe. The first use to which 
 surplus wealth is naturally applied by the 
 nation, is to great physical Improvements, 
 canals, harbours, railroads and other enter- 
 prizes for accumulation, and by individuals to 
 an increase of comfort and luxurious indul- 
 gence. This may be well enough within a cer- 
 tain limit; but material prosperity and the 
 sensuousenjoymentof life, unattended by the 
 restraining influences which the careful cul- 
 ture of man's higher powers affbrds, have a 
 downward proclivity, and sooner or later lead 
 society back to barbarism. As a great, the 
 greatest instrument, after Christianity, for 
 counteracting such a tendency, we must look 
 to institutions of learning, with their assem- 
 blages of studious and thoughtful men. Apart 
 from the proper business of these as instruct- 
 ors, such a body of men surround themselves 
 with a moral power which reaches far and 
 wide, and inoculates the population not only 
 
 with respect for their pursuits, but also with a 
 desire to raise themselves or to see their 
 children raised to a lietter level." 
 
 Judge Day was one of the two remaining 
 members of the original board of governors, 
 who undercook the reorganization of the uni- 
 versity at a time wb*"! its income was scarcely 
 sufficient for the salary of a single teacher. 
 The other is our present chancellor, the Hon. 
 Senator Ferrier, whom we are happy to have 
 with us to-day. The connection of our hon- 
 ored chancellor with our governing body goes 
 back farther than that of any man now living 
 into the prehistoric days of McGill. He firbt 
 appears as a member of the original Board, 
 under the old charter in 1845, when the 
 minutes record that he and Mr. Armour were 
 a committee to effect sales of land and other- 
 wise to raise funds to carry on the college, 
 which, however, proved impossible at that 
 time ; but from that date to the present, Mr. 
 Ferrier has had a principal part in managing 
 the property and financial affairs of the col- 
 lege, and the confidence inspired by his name 
 and his business capacity have borne us over 
 many of the shallows on which we were in 
 danger of grounding. In 1846, Mr. Ferrier 
 became president of the Board, and in that 
 capacity took a leading part in the investiga- 
 tion of its affairs, and the negotiations with 
 the local and Imperial governments, which 
 resulted in 1852 in the reorganization of the 
 university under its new charter. This work 
 completed, he resgned the presidency into 
 the hands of Judge Day, to resume it in the 
 present year, though for several years, as the 
 senior member of the Board, he has been 
 acting president, and as chairman of the 
 committee of estate he always retained the 
 leading place in our financial matters. In this 
 reference to Mr. Ferrier I have purposely 
 avoided the language of eulogy, for he is 
 still among us: but so long as he shall remain 
 to us we shall have a survivor of what we 
 may well term the heroic age of McGill, 
 since no succeeding one can have such 
 struggles to undergo as those which character- 
 ized the administrationof our original Board 
 of governors. 
 
 Before leaving this part of my subject I 
 would beg to remind you that Judge Day was 
 the founder of our Faculty of Law, and that he 
 always manifested the warmest interest in its 
 success. 1 have heard several suggestions as 
 to some monument in memory of his services, 
 and none seems to me to be so appropriate 
 as an endowment which would perpetuate 
 his name in this faculty, and which might 
 
s 
 
 Ite 
 Ite 
 
 also be connected with a portrait to be hung 
 in our convocation hall. 
 
 I may appear to have dwelt too much on 
 the past in the previous remarks, but the pre- 
 sent is the fruit of the past, and it becomes 
 us to value highly the root and stem which 
 have produced for us the pleasant fruits of 
 learning. An e.iucational institution is 
 not like a dead structure which begins to 
 decay so soon as it is completed, and may even, 
 like some of the buildings one sees in the 
 old world, have begun to be ruinous 
 in its older parts before its newer parts are 
 finished. It is rather like a perennial stream, 
 or an olive tree ever green and ever fruitful. 
 We may, naturally, then connect the yet 
 living stem with its newer fruits. 
 
 THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Here I may present as a second and more 
 modern picture, the privilege which this uni- 
 versity had in the past summer in accomo- 
 dating the British Association for the Ad- 
 vancement of Science within its walls. It is 
 not too much to say that in the arrangements 
 for the visit of the British association in this 
 city, Montreal and the whole Dominion have 
 done themselves honour. The meeting was 
 well accommodated and well entertained, un- 
 exampled facilities were given for access to it, 
 and for visiting in connection with it a large 
 portion of America ; and the hospitalities of 
 all the other principal cities of the Dominion 
 were tendered to the members, as well as 
 those of Montreal. In this Montreal was 
 true to its character, for it is less a provincial 
 city, and sustains more a Dominion, or even 
 Imperial relation, th<tn any other in Ca- 
 nada. The meeting was also a success in a 
 scientific point ot view. The large attend- 
 ance of the elite of the British membership, 
 the presence of many of the lead- 
 ing scientific men of the United 
 States and of most of those of Canada, 
 gave to the meeting an unusually cosmopoli- 
 tan character, and the number of papers read 
 was very large and many of them of excep- 
 tional interest and value. All those best 
 qualified to judge have pronounced the meeting 
 one of the most important and useful in these 
 respects ever held, and to this must be added 
 the benefit to Canada of the visit of so many 
 eminent, observant and influential men, and 
 the opportunities given to those men them- 
 selves to enlarge their knowledge of this 
 country and to hold intercourse with their 
 American and Canadian confreres. But the 
 question which concerns ua is the relation 
 
 of our own university to all this. Looking 
 at it with reference to preparatory causes, it 
 is fair to say that the existence and position 
 of McQill University had much to do in en- 
 abling this city to secure the visit of the 
 British Associasion and to entertain it when 
 here. The action of the university in con- 
 junction with the Natural History Society 
 in inviting the American Association to hold 
 two of Its meetings in Montreal, was an es- 
 sential preparation for the reception of tho 
 British Association. Our buildings with 
 those of the affiliated colleges clustered around 
 them, afl'orded better accommodation for the 
 sections than they usually enjoy, and 
 our library, apparatus and museum gave ad- 
 ditional facilities for the work of the meet- 
 ing; and no small part of the preparation 
 and of the actual carrying out of the pro- 
 ceedings fell to professors, graduates and 
 even students of this univeisity. In short, 
 the meeting of the British Association here 
 may be reckoned as one of the incidental re- 
 sults of the building up of the university and 
 of the place given to scientific studies in its 
 curriculum. 
 
 EDUCATION IN APPLIED SCIENCE. 
 
 I confess, however, that I could hare 
 wished that our visitors had seen a larger and 
 more definite material provision here for train- 
 ing in practical science. Not that I undervalue 
 our excellent and progressive Faculty of Ap- 
 plied Science, but it would be well if it were 
 suppl jJ with rooms and apparatus such as I 
 have seen in many provincial towns in Eng- 
 land. This matter of the higher technical edu- 
 cation has taken deep root in the mother coun- 
 try. Almost every manufacturing town has 
 now its college of technical science, often 
 with noble buildings, always with the best 
 apparatus, machinery, models, workshops 
 and laboratories for carrying on the work. In 
 these local colleges of England there 
 are not only regular classes dur- 
 ing the day, but evening clauses in 
 which young artizans and manufacturers 
 can enjoy the instructions of the most emin- 
 ent experts in the scientific principles and 
 practical operations of industrial arts. I 
 have visited a number of these schools, and 
 in returning to Canada I cannot but lament 
 our comparative destitution in this matter. 
 Our young people are undoubtedly more 
 quick-witted and versatile than those of Eng- 
 land, and until the recent institution of 
 the board schools in that country, they were 
 perhaps better educated ; but, with the addi^ 
 
tional advantage of equal access to education 
 in practical science, all their good points 
 would tell to tenfold advantage. I doubt if 
 it will be necessary in this country to go so 
 much in detail into mere handicraft and 
 manipulation as is now the practice in the 
 technical schools of England. This may 
 perhaps be better learned in regular 
 workshops, but there is a vast field in the 
 direction of mathematics, drawing, design- 
 ing, mechanical and chemical science for the 
 operations of the technical school ; and I 
 should rejoice if the means could be secured 
 for so enlarging our Faculty of Applied Sci- 
 ence as to enable it to take more 
 fully the place of a technical school 
 f )r Montreal and for Canada. In Eng- 
 land these schools are sustained by ihe 
 cities, though they are aided in the matter of 
 models and other appliances by the govern- 
 ment department at South Kensington. They 
 are, for the most part, the growth of the last 
 fifteen years, and have spread themselves 
 with marvellous rapidity. To those wh6 are 
 not acquainted with the vast progress made 
 in this matter, it may be something new to 
 be told that even the old universities have 
 entered into this Held. Not only do they 
 possess magnificent physical and chemical 
 laboratories, but at Cambridge there is a re- 
 gular workshop, under the charge of Professor 
 Stuart, where a great variety of practical 
 operations are carried on, and where Cam- 
 bridge graduates may be seen with their coats 
 off, toiling at anvils, lathes and smelting 
 fu.naces, in preparation for employment as 
 managers of manufacturing establishments. 
 It is by such means that Great Britain pro- 
 poses to maintain its supremacy in the indus- 
 trial arts. It is by such means that we must 
 build up our infant manufactures if we wish 
 them to prosper. 
 
 The demana for this kind of education 
 goes forward by rapid bounds. Already we 
 have requirements in the matter of mechani- 
 cal engineering, and evening classes for arti- 
 sans which we cannot supply, and only a few 
 days ago I was informed of a new profession, 
 that of electrical engineering, which is send- 
 ing men to us in search of training in mathe- 
 matics and physical science. 
 
 THB TBRCBNTBNARY OF EDINBUROH DNITBRSITT. 
 
 An educational picture which will never 
 fade from my memory is that of the great 
 celebration of the tercentenary of the univer- 
 sity of Edinburgh, which I had the pleasure 
 of attending, uot only as an alumnus of that 
 
 university, but as a representative of McGill. 
 The number of eminent men collected on 
 that occasion from all parts of the world, the 
 enuousiasm of the people of Edinburgh itself, 
 and the admirable tone of the whole of the 
 meetings, contributed to give it a character 
 unique among university gatherings. One 
 feature of the occasion which was especially 
 noteworthy was the emphatic recognition 
 that Edinburgh university is a child of the 
 Protestant Reformation, and that to this it 
 owes largely its commanding position as 
 compared with the older universities of Scot- 
 land. This same idea was echoed by the 
 representatives of the German universities, 
 who advanced similar claims, and attributed 
 to the more modern and liberal aims thence 
 arising the vast growth of their universities. 
 The Reformation was not merely a religious 
 movement, but scientific, literary and edu- 
 cational as well, and the special genius of 
 what we know as Protestant education, which 
 is Protestant in that it strives to cultivate 
 the powers of independent thought, depends 
 largely on this origin. 
 
 The subject is one which merits attention 
 on the part of the Protestant com- 
 munity of the province of Quebec. As 
 a minority it is necessary for us 
 to maintain as high a standard of general and 
 professional education as we possibly can, 
 and to preserve those free and modern 
 methods which we inherit from the Protest- 
 ant schools and colleges of the mother coun- 
 try. There is, however, a strong tendency, 
 becoming more and more manifest, on the 
 part of the provincial legislature, to oblige 
 us to conform to the what may be called the 
 pre-reformation educational methods of the 
 majority, making these alone valuable in the 
 eye of the law. It was guaranteed to us at 
 confederation that this should not be done ; 
 but it is natural that, without any intention 
 to injure us and by mere inadvertence, such 
 encroachments should be made, not only in 
 general education, but also perhaps more 
 especially in the laws regulating the learned 
 professions. Attention to this matter I think 
 vital in our present circumstances. We can 
 at least maintain that our methods of educa- 
 tion hive succeeded in producing as efficient 
 professional and business men as the others ; 
 and the Protestant community of this prov- 
 ince, and especially of this city, has made 
 very great sacrifices to maintain institutions 
 suitable to its own views and interests. The 
 fact of this educational and practical differ- 
 ence to which I have referred, is in 
 

. 
 
reality the principal reason for the existence uf 
 our university and the institutions connected 
 with it, 8inco but for this we miglit 
 save money and trouble by sending 
 our students to the numerous and wull en- 
 dowed French colleges of our province. It 
 is necessary that this sliould be distinctly 
 understood, and that we should temperately 
 but firmly muiutain our rigiit to have our 
 education conducted on our own principles, 
 and to have it recognized us being, for our 
 own people and relatively to our own wants, 
 equally valuable and elhcacious with that 
 which may be preferred by the majority, or 
 which. may be inculcated on it by the eccle- 
 siastical authority to which it defers in all 
 educational matters. 
 
 Another feature of the Edinburgh celebra- 
 tion was the prominence given to the connec- 
 tion of the city with the university, for Edin- 
 burgh, like Montreal, has built up its univer- 
 sity largely by its own liberality, and if we 
 may judge from the small beginnings of the 
 Edinburgh University and the fame .t has 
 since achieved, still greater things may be ex- 
 pected when our university shall have at- 
 tained to the same venerable age. In connec- 
 tion with this it is well that we should notice 
 the relations between McGill College and the 
 citizens of Montreal. There is no room here 
 for any jealousy between town and gown. Our 
 endowments, our buildings, our apparatus, 
 books and collections, our exhibitions, scholar- 
 ships, prizes and medals, are the gifts of 
 the men and women of this city, and it would 
 be the basest ingratitude on our part to mani- 
 fest either in word or deed anything except 
 friendliness or kindness to the city and its 
 people. We know by the most assuring evi- 
 dence that the city is proud of its university 
 and desires to promote its interests, and the 
 interests of its teachers and students, and it 
 should be a point of honour and right feeling 
 on the part of everyone connected with Mc- 
 Gill to reciprocate this kind feeling and to 
 show our appreciation of the benefits we re- 
 ceive. 
 
 THE MKDICAL FACDLTY. 
 
 Another feature in which the gieat Scottish 
 university resembles our own is in the emi- 
 nence of its medical school. We are, of 
 course, as far behind our older sister as our 
 fifty years are less than its three hundred, 
 yet relatively we occupy the same position in 
 Canada that it does in Scotland, both in re- 
 gard to the character of our course of instruc- 
 tions and our success in obtaining students. 
 
 Another British school of medicine more 
 nearly on the level with our own i.i age and 
 magnitude, and bearing the same civic re- 
 lations, is that of Owens college, Man- 
 chester. I had the pletisure of being pre- 
 sent last October at the opening of 
 the magnificent new buildings provided for it 
 by the liberality ot the citizens of Manches- 
 ter and of addressing a few congratulatory 
 words to its professors and students. What 
 the citizdns of Edinburgh and Manchester 
 have done for their medical schools and the 
 hospitals associated with them is an earnest 
 of what may be done liere, and the first fruits 
 of this liberality are already manifest in the 
 Leanchoil and Campbell memorial funds. 
 
 It is impossible to refer to our Faculty of 
 Medicine without noticing the losses it has 
 sustained in the past two or three years by 
 death and resignation, the last of these being 
 the departure from among us of one of the 
 piofessors who, though a junior member of 
 the faculty, had attained to a commanding 
 reputation, and whose marked ability 
 and singular devotion to educational 
 work nad endeared him to all 
 his students as well as to his 
 colleagues. While we regret the loss to 
 us occasioned by his departure, we congratu- 
 late him on the position to which he has at- 
 tained, and wish him the same eminent suc- 
 cess in his new field which attended him 
 here. We are glad to know, that much 
 though his loss may be felt, the Medical 
 Faculty was never stronger or more efficient 
 than it is at present, nor its classes larger. 
 It is in any case something to be able to 
 furnish a professor to Philadelphia, and we 
 need not be much discouraged even if all the 
 medical schools in the United States were to 
 come to us for a supply of such men. The 
 final result to us would depend on the 
 keeping up of the breed, or in other words 
 on the answer to the question, how many of 
 the 200 students now attending our classes 
 have made up their minds to follow 
 in the footsteps of Dr. Odler? This 
 is a matter for yourselves, gentle- 
 men. No doubt something may depend 
 on the natural gifts with which you have 
 been endowed, but more depends on the use 
 you make of them. I can assure you that it 
 is only by hard self-denial and much earnest 
 work that you can attain to such eminence 
 and usefulness ; but the result is well worthy 
 of the effort, and I hope there are many 
 medical students here who will aspire to at- 
 tain to the higher scientific culture of their . 
 
6 
 
 profesflion, and to make tbin UHcfiil to their fel- 
 low-men wiih the Hame admirable combina- 
 tion of gentleneHH and energy which charac- 
 terijses Dr. Onler. 
 
 THB HIGIIKR EDUCATION OF WOMKN. 
 
 Nothing 18 more striking to an intelligent 
 obeerver of the educational movementH of the 
 last ten yearo than the increased importance 
 attached to the education of women, a work 
 on which the Faculty of ArtH enters for the 
 first time in the present session. The peo- 
 ple of the United States have taken a leading 
 part m this movement, but in Britain, on 
 the continent of Europe, and even in the 
 East, public sentiment has been awakened, 
 and the demand is everywhere 
 made that the refining, elevating and 
 ennobling influence of educated women 
 shall be brought to bear in aid of the upward 
 struggles of humanity. In Canada we have 
 lagged behind in this movement only in so 
 far as the higher collegiate education is con- 
 cerned, and here the main difficulty has been 
 that of expense. It has been assumed that 
 all that the country can afford is to have col- 
 leges for its young men, and that nothing re- 
 mains for the women but to share as best 
 they may in the classes opened for the other 
 sex. This stage of the matter has long gone 
 by in England and the United States, and its 
 fate is sealed in Canada also by the noble en- 
 dowment of the Honourable Donald Smith 
 which has enabled us to open for the first 
 time in this country classes for the collegiate 
 education of women. Ontario must soon 
 follow us in this, otherwise those of its lady 
 students who prefer separate classes will 
 resort to McGiil for their education. I 
 do not think it necessary to dwell on the 
 subject of separate education for women, 
 as at least one of the best methods 
 in the junior years of the college course. 
 After the experience of the older universities 
 in England, after the admission of the presi- 
 dent of the university of Michigan, where 
 there has been the longest and most thorough 
 experience cf co-education, that this method 
 is practically condemned by the women of 
 the United States, and after the denunciation 
 by President Wilson, the highest educational 
 authority.in Ontario, of the arbitrary action of 
 the government of that province in thrusting 
 lady students into University college, and his 
 almost pathetic appeal from the parsimony of 
 the wealthy province of Ontario, to the lib- 
 erality of the comparatively small English 
 community of Montreal, and all this 
 
 along with the fact that we already 
 have a larger class than all those of the 
 co-educationists of Canada united, it seems 
 needless to argue this question. But I may 
 say that if I had ever entertained any doubts 
 in the matter, they would have been dissipat- 
 ed by witnessing the work of our classes, and 
 by observing how much more pleasantly and 
 familiarly, and how much more usefully, 
 from a purely educational point of view, it 
 goes on than it would do in the presence of 
 largo classes of young men. I would also say 
 that the male students should be thankful tor 
 our action in this matter, since they 
 should rejoice that the young women should 
 have a fair field for competition, which they 
 can only have in separate classes, and 
 since the introduction of students of the 
 other sex into our already over-crowded 
 class rooms could not fail seriously to affect 
 their own educational privileges. I think I 
 should add here that the friends of education 
 have reason to be grateful to the professors in 
 the faculty of arts for the readiness with which 
 they have undertaken a considerable increase 
 of work in order to carry on this important 
 dep&rtment in an efficient manner. I feel 
 that this subject is one of the deepest interest, 
 and of the most profound importance to the 
 welfare of Canada, and could have wished 
 to refer to it at greater length, but for the 
 number of other topics to which I must allude, 
 and because I have already discussed it in the 
 opening lecture of the Ladies' Educational As- 
 sociation and in my repot t presented to the 
 Corporation of the university. I may quote 
 here from the address of our late chancellor in 
 1870, in which he referred to the endowment 
 fund them recently raised tor the university, 
 in connection with the resolutions d oved by 
 Dr. Wilkes, to the effect that this should be 
 employed as far as possible in aid of the edu- 
 cation of women. 
 
 " I have read to you," he says, " Dr. Wilkes' 
 resolution, which points to I he necessity for 
 providing the means of furnishing a higher 
 education to women ; a matter In which we are 
 woefully behind the age. I shall not discuss 
 this subject now — It is far too important for the 
 fevvmoments I could bestow upon it— but I 
 may say, that I trust the time is not far distant 
 when McGlll college may become the privi- 
 leged instrument ot ministering to this urgent 
 want. In this whole matter of education for 
 either sex, women are directly and deeply in- 
 terested. They ar^ Its earliest and most im- 
 portant ministers. Upon the delicate impres- 
 sions received from the mother's gentle accents, 
 depends, in a large measure, the development 
 of character in youth and manhood. These 
 impressions, so soft and slight, and at 
 first apparently unimportant, deepen and 
 harden with the growth of each succeed- 
 
lu- 
 
 /l- 
 
 nt 
 for 
 in- 
 
 Its, 
 Int 
 
 >Be 
 |at 
 
 Ing day. Tlioy bocome the Inoffaceable 
 thlngH of life, nml extend, for good or 
 for evil through all the inotlveH of action and 
 tho ItnpulHCH of thought to tho bust breath of 
 existence. But weman Is not only tho flrst 
 groat high prleNtoHH of education; she Ih alno, 
 in a Hlgnal degreo, dependont upon ItH Intlu- 
 oncBH. From tho feebleness of her frame and 
 the fineness of her organization, It regulates hor 
 position and happiness far more than that of 
 men. The wild hunter or the savago c^Moftaln 
 dlflbrs incomparably less from tl»e polished 
 leader of European armies or the accompli shed 
 senator, than tho pcxir oppressed. l)roken 
 spirited slave whom tlio savage culls his wife. 
 diflTors from tho cultured, retlned, respected and 
 beloved womon of civilized life. It Is educa- 
 tion which has made the dlirerence. There Is 
 no surer evidence of the degree of that educa- 
 tion, which is an essential part of the rhrlslian 
 civilization «f a people, than thesoclal position 
 of Its women. And It Is for the enlargement 
 of the means of furthering this great object, 
 of vital importance to both sexes and all 
 classes, that tho university has made Its ap- 
 peal for sympathy and succour." 
 
 It may be thought that the university has 
 been slow in redeeming our chancellor's 
 pledge, but it must not bo forgot that in the 
 intervening years much has been done indi- 
 rectly and incidentally, and more especially 
 in connection with the Ladies' Educational 
 Association, and that wc have been able only 
 slowly and with difficulty to make our staff 
 of instructors and our course of study in Arts 
 sufficiently complete to warrant our entering 
 into this new field. It is only this year that 
 the board of governors has been able to in- 
 vito applications for a Icclureship in classics 
 to supplement the work so long and ably car- 
 ried on by Dr. Cornish, but which has now 
 become too large to be satisfactorily per- 
 formed by any one man. ThiK, ith the 
 lectureship in mathematics, established some 
 years ago, will for the first time bring up the 
 corps of instructors to its proper number, or 
 at least will foreshadow that completeness 
 which will be attained when the mathemati- 
 cal and classical instruction shall be carried 
 on by four professors. 
 
 KDUCATION IN THE EAST. 
 
 In my visit to the old world I was much 
 impressed not only with the activity of the 
 educational movement in Britain and the con- 
 tinent of Europe, where it has certainly 
 within the last ten years being going on more 
 rapidly than even in America, but with the 
 &ct that in that old' and stagnant East, in 
 which we are apt to think there is little pro- 
 gress, education is advancing. I could refer 
 here to 40 or 50 good schools scattered in the 
 villages up and down the Nile, and attended 
 by several tnousands af quick and eager pu- 
 
 pils, of large schools of 400 children or 
 moid in Cairo, of multitudes of young people 
 of both sexes studying the science, literature 
 and languages of Europe; but I prefer to 
 say a tew words of the Syrian Protestant col- 
 lego at Beyr(>ut, which is holding up the 
 light of modern collegiate education for the 
 young men of Syria, Cyprus and Egypt. 
 The Beyrout college is a well-appointed 
 institution on the American plan, witli able 
 professors from the United States, and at- 
 tended by more than 200 students, who are 
 receiving an education comparable with that 
 in any of our colleges. I met with young 
 Syrians, graduates of this college, who are 
 most able and cultivated men, in evidence ot 
 which I may mention that some of these 
 young men are conducting for the benefit of 
 their countrymen a scientific journal in tho 
 Arabic language, in which 1 had the honour 
 of having a lecture on the geology of the 
 Lebanon, viiich I delivered in Beyrout re- 
 ported at length within a few days of its 
 delivery. I had the pleasure of addressing a 
 large number of the students of the college, 
 who, though of all shades of colour and of 
 many races, were quite able to understand 
 and appreciate an English speaker. Attached 
 to the Beyrout college is also a well- 
 appointed medical school, by which 
 Syria and the neighbouring countries are 
 being supplied for the first time wirh native 
 practitioners trained in accordance with the 
 principles of modern medical science. The 
 Arabic press connected with the college is 
 employed in producing not only books for 
 the use of the Protestant mis8ioi.j, but im- 
 proved school-books, and scientific, historical 
 and geographical books which are very widely 
 circulated through all the vast regions where 
 Arabic is the language of the people. I 
 would observe here that this great educa- 
 tional work is that of Protestant missions. 
 It is Christian first, and educational after- 
 ward, and its benefits are first felt 
 by the Christian populations. The Mos- 
 lems are for the most part inert 
 or hostile. Allow me to say that 
 it is the same elsewhere. In tha 
 mother country, in the United States and in 
 Canada, the great educational movements 
 and benefactions have been the work of 
 Christian men, and have been animated by 
 the spirit ot Christianity. It ever has been 
 and it ever will be 8o,nnd the spirit of material- 
 istic unbelief will be found to be either useless 
 or inimical to the progress of science and 
 education. 
 
8 
 
 A WORD TO STHDBNTS. 
 
 I would wish, in conclusion, to address a 
 few words to the students of the university, 
 and especially to the young men, and to say 
 these, not in any spirit of monition or of mere 
 authority, but as a student speaking to 
 students. And first I would say that I 
 am no pessimist. I have a lively 
 and often painful sense of the evils 
 and troubles that beset educational work, 
 and of the manifold imperfections 
 of the work itself. But I believe in its ulti- 
 mate Huccess, and in the final prevalence oi 
 good, and I am very sure that the times in 
 which we live are better than those which 
 hf.ve preceded them. Least of all am I dis- 
 posed to indulge in any gloomy anticipations 
 as to the future of this country. I know 
 what Canada would be if it could be put back 
 into the condition in which it was fifty years 
 age, when I v.'as as young as the youngest 
 among you ; and reasoning from that I can 
 scarcely imagine how far it may be in ad- 
 vance when you shall have attained to my 
 age. I made in the summer of 1883 a little 
 excursion along the Pacific railway as 
 far as Calgary, and became aware 
 that a region which we uBed to 
 call the " fur countries" and the " Hudson's 
 Bay territory," and which we used to regard 
 as an inhospitable abode of wild Indians and 
 wild beasts, had become a part of the civil- 
 ized world, a home for future nations and one 
 of the great food-producing regions of the 
 earth. Next year I may take, if I feel so 
 
 disposed, a pleasure trip to the Pacific, nay 
 more I shall be able to go around the whole 
 world, without the necessity of passing from 
 under the British flag, or of beiug where the 
 English language is not spoken. And this 
 will be a result of Canadian enterprise, and a 
 mere beginning of a greater growth and pro- 
 gress. The young men of to-day may 
 truly be congratulated on the circum- 
 tanees in which they enter on the 
 active work of life, and on the wider and 
 greater world which belongs to them, as com- 
 pared with that which was open to us, their 
 predecessors. You have also vastly greater 
 educational advantages. When I was a young 
 man I had to go abroad for a scientific train- 
 ing far less perfect than that which you now 
 enjoy at home. But the wider sphere open to 
 you requires a broader and deeper culture. 
 The battle ot life will not be less severe be- 
 cause its area is greater and its progress 
 swifter. The young men of to-day require a 
 better training than that of the generation 
 now passing away, while they need as earnest 
 purpose, as strong determination and as true 
 hearts. May God grunt that all these require- 
 ments may be realized in your present train- 
 ing and your future work for your own good 
 and that of your country. 
 
 At the conclusion of the address Rev. Dr. 
 .Cornish rose, and on behalf of the university 
 made a few remarks expressive of the great 
 value of the lecture, and concluded by mov- 
 ing a vote of thanks to Sir William Dawson, 
 which was carried amid much applause. The 
 gathering then dispersed. 
 
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