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Mapa, plataa, charts, stc, may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too largo to bo antiraly ineiudad in ona aipoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar lafl hand comor, loft to right and top to bottom, as msny frsmss aa raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha msthod: Los cartas, planchas, tablaaux. ate. pauvant itra filmts t dss tsux da rOduetion diffArsntt. Lorsqus Is documsnt sst trop grsnd pour ttrs rsproduit sn un soul clicht. 11 aat filmO i partir da I'angla supirisur gaucha. da gaucha t droita. at da haut an baa, an pranani la nombra d'imagaa nicaaaaira. Las disgrammas suivsntt illustrsnt la mOthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 m K Mown HBOumoN ibt ouun {uai ond eo rer oun n.. d 1.0 taUU 123 B lit ^ 5 Itt ■2£ I 1.1 ja ^UEnt Unin Stawt flMliMtp', Mvv Vorti 14#0# USA (71f > W - 0300 - PdOM On a New or hitherto Unrecognized Geological Formation in the Devonian System of Canada. liy H. M. Ami, of tike Geological Survey of Canada, Ollawa // ;/ Rtpriuitd from the Canadian Jiecoiii of Science, Vol. VIII., Xo. .7, /or January, 1901, issued Uth January, 1901. Btiwmlett from llu Cmmdian SuonI of Saaiet, " ''/„ *o. t, /or Javtmry, 1901, itnitd Ulh Jmvat 0. A New or hitiiehto Unrecognized Geological Formation in the Devonian System of Canada. By H. M. Am, of the Geological Survey of Canad*. The paper describes an outcrop of what appears to be the base of the Old Bed E.iudstone of Britain and tliat pirns- of it, such as occurs in the red Oornstone of Herefordshire, England.' It is met with in the red shales and sandstones of Mo Arras Brook in Antigonisli County, Nova Scotin, from which a most interesting and important fish fauni has recently been obtained, referable to a Lower Devonian horizon. The vreseuce of Pteraspidians, Cephalaspidians and Acanthodians, as well as Pterygotus, as determined by Mr. A. Smith WDdward and Pr. Henry Woodward, London, would seem to indicate clearly the present of a fauna precisely similar in parts to the Hereford beds .eferable to the Lower Devonian or Old Bed Sandstone. The Pteraapis found in a calcareous matrix in the cenes of strata is one which Mr. Woodward re'ers to as V3ry closeiy allied if not actually identical with P. Crmehii. The horizon indicated is low down in the Devonian, not far from the summit of the Silurian. From the nature of the sediments, their composition, origin and general char- acters, the) appear to be much more closely related to European Devonian or Old Red Sandstone strata than to the usual type of North American Devonian such as is met with in the Peninsula of Gaspi, or in Ontario and Manitoba and the United States. The term Knoydart formation is assigned to this series of strata in order to be a'le to designate and separate it from other palieozoic formations in that portion of Eastern On a Nnr Geological Fvnmitioii in Caniulii. '2,'M Csni>x!.> where the wiilimcUilidii hiia i> woiuieifiiUy close resenibluiice to Kurotiwin tyjxis. This v i» hiiij,' ago |)ointeil out by Sir William Dawson, J. \\ . Siilleriiml K lulling The following siiecies of fossils are provisionally reeordeil as charai-leristic of this Kuoydart formation. Similar or identical a|)ecies will no doubt lie found sooner or later in other parts of Antigouish and other counties of Eastern Nova Scotia. Fossil Organic Ubmainm from Knoydart Formation, Nova Scotia. 1. Pteraspis, .sp. cf. P. Crouchii. 2. Cephalaspis sp. 3. Onehus Murchisoni, Agassiz. •t. Psiimmcsteus, sp., cf. P. Anglicus, T iiuair. Mr. Wooi'ward writes: The McArras Brook specimens " re]>resent the base of the lower Old Vied Sandstone of Britain." Ann. llep new ser. vol. 2, 1886 (1887, Montreal), p. 49P, under the head of " F. Devonian," Mr. Hr.g'.. Fletcher descrilies three distinct groups of Drvonian strata corres- ponding closely with those of Now Brunswick," and gives the i'o!lcvviiig table of equivalencies : — New Brunswick. Nova Scotia. Upper lied Slate and Sandstone group. Middle Gray Sandstone and Slate group. Lower Conglomerate group. After giving the distribution of the above in Nova Scotia, in general, the first reference to the age of the McArras Brook stra' i is then given on jxige 49P, which 3. Miapeck group. 2. Dadoxylon Sandstone and Cordaite shale. 1. Bloomsbury Conglomerate. 1. 2M Canadiim Jhcord 0/ Science. rends lu follows : " Tlie Upper rocks," (». e., the Upper Red Slate mid Siiiidstone group) " are found again near Union Uiiilwiiy Station, and also at McArras Brook." On pjge G7I', Mr. Flutelier quotes Dr. Honeymau's views on the a^e of thesu rcHiks : ' " They are certainly not Ix)wer Helderlwrg, and may therefore bo Devonian," and on p. 68P, the same writer (jiiotes Sir William Dawson,' in which he regards them as " I're-Carboniferous although not separated from the Silurian." Mr. Fletcher tlicrc describes strata on McArras Brook as follows : " Gootl exposures are also cut by McArras Brook behind the ma«.s of amygdaloid iit the shore, consisting of red, Hinty, micaceous, jointed sandstone and slate, often concretionary, interstratified with greenish thick boddad and Haggy sandstf.ne, containing traces of carbonate of copper and iron pyrites; the brook being rocky up to the shore road. From the latter, a collection of fossils made by Mr. Weston, comprising fmgments of plants and fish teeth, not certainly determinable, together with certain interesting footprinU I'loliehnites earbcmarius. In his " Geology, C'len"' .1. Physical ond Stratigraphi- cal," Sir Joseph Pre. wich'' makes the following statement regarding the "Old Ked Sandstone" of Herefordshire, which enables geologists to correlate and rec<^nize simi- lar strata with a marked degree of proximity to certainty wherever they occur. "The Old Ked Sandstone of Herefordshire was long thought to be nou-fossiliferous, a few fragmentary speci- mens only have been found, when in the railway cuttings near Ledbury, the Rev. W. S. Symonds (see Quart Journ Geol. Soc., Vol. 16, p 193, and Vol. 17, p. 152) discovered in the lowest beds (the Ledbury shales) of that formation remains of t!erygotu», Onchui. PteraspU and Cephcdaspis, 1 T 'iii Ni.T. Soot In»t. Be. Vol S, p. 18. J AcaJInu Otolog;, p. SH, line <, ud Sopiilomeut, p. «, Um IJ • In chap. VI., '■ Ilio OtYonlu Sjltam ; ' Th. OM iW Snidifan.,'* p. n. i % On a New Oeolofical Formtition in Canada. V^ together witli large nuiiuierj of the head shields of Auchtnaiqns." It is '\m^ igsiltle to read over the assiwiation of forms in the above Udbury shales of Herefordshire without recosiiiziiiff in them the fauna and horizon met with at Mc. las Brook in Autigonish County, '.a Scotia. In 1843 I>r. Abraham Gesner ' desc :.»•> an " Old Keti Sandstone, or Devonian group," whi«ii he recognizes above Silurian Ijeds ... in several parts of the Province" . . . consisting of ..." a bright red micaceous sandstone or conglomerate, accompanied by thin beds of red shale and marly clay, ami =n some places containing seams of fibrous g/psuni." He adds : " Hitherto no organic remains have b in found in it." He recognizes it at Advocate Harbf ,nd on the Moose Eiver, where it is " seen lying unconiormably beneath the Coal Measures." Iii his report lUr. H. Fletcher classifies these rocks of Advocate Harbo as Devonian. The "Old Bed Sandstone or Devon; Group " of Gesner are therefore linked with the roci of Union and Riversdale, " but, from the fauna and flora found in them, are referable to Carboniferous times, and from their position in the strati- graphical succession appear to belong to the Ko-Carbon- iferous. In November, 1899, in a communication on a number of fossil fishes sent him by the writer from various localities in which the geological horizon ami precise affinities of the species sent were doubtful, Mr. A. Smith Woodward, the eminent authority on Palieozoic fishes, gives the following notes on the specimens which he had previously submitted to Dr. R. Traquair of Edinburgh : — "The speci Jens from McArras Brook are extremely interesting and represent the base of the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Britain. The Pteraspidian remains are sutti- cient to prove that they belong to the genus Pteratpis. 1 Pnir, Owil. fta^. IrfMplno, V£>I. 4. Ia^t I, Nu. 95, ii. 157, iSii 300 Canadian Record of Science. Both dorsal and ventral shields are so much like those of P. CroMhi that if these Nova Scoliaii fossils had been found in West England we should have referred them to the latter species. Perhaps the rostral plate may prove to distinguisli your form when it is completely known. One pitoe of dorsal shield, in counterpart, shows the impres- sions of the supposed branchial pouches on one side. " The pointed fragments may be Cephalaspidian cornua, but are uncertain. " There is the typical Oiichus Murchimni, Ag. •• Most interesting is one small fragment of Psammottens, with ornament identical with that of P. anglicm. (See Traquair, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Set-. 7, Vol. 11 1898, p. 67, pi. i., figs. 1, 2.) In this fossil the chambers of the middle' layer are larger than in our unique plate. " On the whole, I should place the McArras Brook beds on the same horizon as the Lower Old Red Cornstones of the Hereford District of England ve the passage be^ls." In order to give a comprehensive view of the succession of strata in this Knoydart formation, the following section, carefully measured and prejiared by Mr. Hugh Fletcher' of the Geological Survey of Canada, in the year 1897, is heje given : — ' Erom the mass of trap near the mouth of McAra Brook the following is the section in ascending order : Amygdaloidal trap, probably I/)wer Carboniferous as descriljed in Keport P. for 1886. Measures concealed. On the left bank o the brook trap is in the cliff, while on the right bank there are indications of red n, ,„. stratitied Devonian rocks 30 q 1. Red, argillaceou.s shale, more or less slaty, with coherent underelay full of rootlets. Dip 230732° (Magnetic) 3 2. Bed, argillaceous slaty rock, not well seen . . 4 9 t 1 r 1 r On a JVeir Geological Formation in Canada. 3. Bed, broken, argillaceous shale, with green- ft. ish and gray blotches (j 4. Eeil shale, nearly all concealed G 5. Red, very coherent, concretionary, calcareous rock at the nioutli of a little brook from the eastward j 6. Red, argillaceous shale 7 7. More coherent, flaggy rocks, which may be called sandstone -; _ 1 8. Red. argillaceous shale 8 9. Red, coherent, somewhat sandy flags, in two layers 3 10. Ited, argillaceous shale, in part blotched with green 4(j 11. Greenish and reddish, coherent micaceous sandstone and flags, with fossils. (No. 1) 4 12. Red, argillaceons shale, with coherent layers 22 13. Red, somewhat coherent, massive argilla- ceons rock (J 14. Red, coherent flags, containing fish remains.. 11 15. Red, argillaceous shale 5 16. Greenish, calcareous flags, from which Dr. Ami collected many fossil fish remains in 1897. The upper part contains broken carbonized plants, seeds, etc. (No. 2) . . . 2 17. Red and green, somewhat massive, mottled, calcareous rocks, with nodular, rounded ond oval .spots and fish remains. IJip 230725° on fine long faces 7 18. Red, argillaceous shale, with layers of more coherent, concretionary flags r, 19. Red, micaceous flags j 20. Red, somewhat crumbly, argillaceous shale, forming fine ledges in the brook ' 2 21. Red, argillaceous shale, with layers of fine, more coherent flags j.j 301 in. 302 Canadian Secord of Science. 22. Greenish, flinty, argillaceous and siliceous flags, micaceous, and sometimes spotted with red, containing much carbonaceous ft. („. matter, and cut by veins of quartz. (No. .3) 8 23. Greenish, coherent, massive, fine sandstone, in two layers ^ 24. Ked and greenish mottled shale, in regular layers, more ma,s.sive towards the top, for the most part red jj n 25. Eeddish, coherent flags and argillaceous shale 32 26. Ked, crumbly, argillaceous shale, not well *^" 11 27. Ked, crumbly, argillaceous shale, with harder bands, not well seen jq ^ 28. Ked, argillaceous shale, with flaggy layers.. 17 6 29. Ked, argillaceous shale, not well seen 25 30. Eed, coherent, thick bedded sandstone, in two layers, at a small waterfall g o 31. Ked, coherent, argillaceous shale, witli green layers and blotches. 5 32. Measures not well seen, but evidently chiefly red ' g . 33. Greenish, argillaceous shale, at the mouth of a little brook from the westward. (Xo. 4.) From this, the seeds and plants' were obtained by Dr. Ami in 1896. One coarse, rusty layer is full of pyrites and plant remains 2 k 34. Measures concealed, probably greenish shales cut by quartz veins and containing plants 3 35. Greenish quartzite or fine sandstone, over which the little brook from the westward falls into the main stream at water level 3 1 Pro,,, a „iic,o>co,,lc ™„,i,„,|„„ ,«,„„, „,„j,„, ||„ in q,„.tloi, mt there I. „o evU,.„ee of »,e p™»ee o, .uel, o'^T.'^ " ' °" On a New Oeo/ogical Formation in Oamda. 36. Grey and greenish and red coherent, argiUa- h ceous rock in three layers y 37. Red, argillaceous shale, with coherent layers. The lop conies to the foot of the falls in a gorge from which Mr. Weston is supposed to have obtained his fish remains. (No. 5) 12 38. Eed, coherent, argillaceous shale, formini; a little fall *' ■ J. 39. Ked, coherent shales, forming a higlier fall u 40. Eed, argillaceous shale, containing greenish blotches, harder layers and small nodules. To the water level of the lower side of the culvert at the shore road 31 41. Red, argillaceous rock, with green layers and blotches, in cliffs at the road, dipping 235732° '^^ 30 42. Eed and green mottled, ai^illaceons shale, principally red ' j - 43. More coherent, red, siliceous and argillaceous rock, with a fev/ fish remains 10 44. (Jreenish and mottled lenticular limestone from which Dr. Ami obtained the fish remains, Pleraspis, etc., first sent to Dr Woodward (No. 6) q 45. Eed, argillaceous and siliceous rock, with green bands and blotches .{o 46. Eeddish, altered rock, at the level of the road under the schoolhouse, not well seen 9o 47. Greenish, argillaceous flags and shales (No. 7) "4 48. Red, argillaceous shale 3 49. Eed and greenish sandstone, in two layers 4 50. Eed, argillaceous shales, with layers of more coherent rock, some of which contain rootlets . „ 61. Measures concealed , ., 23 304 Canadian Record of Science. 52. Bright red, soft, argillaceous shale. To tlie hrst bridge where the brook crosses to ,. the eastward V 5a Bed, argillaceous shale, with' a few more coherent layers ... 54. Oreeni..!,, .somewhat massive^ ' iirgiHaceous ami arenaceous rook (No. 8). At the sec- ond bridge where the brook runs to the westward, the dip now changes to 80° and this layer is concealed for some dis- tance, but again appears to return to the road further south. Assuming that this IS the ease, the section is continued be- yond as follows :— 55. I{ed, argillaceous shale, with coherent layers 18 ofa. Greenish and dark gray crumbly argillaceous rock 67. Greenish and gray argillaceous 'rock,' the upper part greatly altered. a 58. Trap * 59. Red, argilluceous shale, greatly altered 6 t>0. Measures concealed. Dip 250723°. To a little brook from the eastward . 5 61. Ked, argillaceous shale, and thin "flags' in which fish remains were found (No 9) I4 62. Red, argillaceous shale and Hags " 43 68. Trap, thickness undefined ; perhaps. . . . . ' 120 This trap begins about 550 yards above the mam road. In the brook west of the road there is a green, flinty sliale, which yielded no fossils. ^ Total thickness of the stratified rocks in 'lie section On a Neir Geological Formation in Canada. 30.' Note. This section is only approximate. It represents only n small portion of measures apparently as thick as at Union, seen also in Knoydart Brook and other streams of the vicinity. It is not supposed tliat either the liase or the summit of the series is here given." The above series of strata (exclusive of the " trap ") constitute part of the succession to whieli tlie term Knoydart formation is applied, in order to separate it from the various members of the Silurian systelii to the east of and in close relation to the Devonian series. The local divisions of the Silurian fall naturally (and provisionally) into four formations, in descending order .as follows : — The Stonehouse fohmation. The Moydakt for.mation. The .MoAdam formation. The Awsaio fokmation (limited). For a definition of tliese formations by the writer, see the January number of the Supplement (No. 1,S0,7) to The Scientific American, New York City, p. 20949, in Dr. E. 0. Honey's article on the Albany Meeting of the Geological Society of America and tlie discussion of the papers read. 'I ^